[
    {
        "id": 224591,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 497,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "52\n\nREPORT ON\n\nthe northern ports against the monsoon has been purposely magnified by those engaged in the opium trade, who have for several years past navigated the whole coast of China, regardless of the monsoon. Captains of merchant-vessels declare they would rather proceed from Hong Kong to Chusan in the north-east monsoon, than they would pass through the English Channel in winter.\n\nA vessel proceeding from Singapore, or any southern port up the China Sea, against the monsoon, can reach Chusan as easily as Hong Kong, and within three or four days of the time, the difference of distance being only 700 miles\". The China coast, as far north as Chusan, and the entrance of the Yang-tze-kiang river, is bold, steep, and skirted with islands, where good anchorage may always be found.\n\nThe harbour of Chusan is superior to that of Hong Kong, more easy of access and egress in all winds, and safer in a typhoon. No gale can raise a sea in Chusan harbour. The holding ground is a tenacious clay; and when the junks are driven on shore, owing to their imperfect moorings, they drive on a mud-bank, from whence they easily get off in fine weather. Sixty sail of British vessels have anchored in Chusan harbour at once; and the adjacent safe and large harbour, termed \"Spithead,\" would contain treble that number of vessels. Excellent anchorage exists throughout the whole Chusan archipelago, which is accessible to vessels proceeding in any direction to or from Chusan.\n\nIt is worthy of note that, for a large part of the year, Chusan is to windward of the adjacent ports and mainland of China, so that ships of war or transports can at any period with certainty enter the Yang-tze-kiang in a few days after leaving Chusan harbour. Naval commanders will immediately perceive the great importance of such an advantage.\n\nCC\n\n* One of the erroneous ideas entertained respecting Chusan was the impracticability of vessels reaching the island against the monsoon. The monsoons only blow in the tropics, and Hong Kong is on their verge. It is true the wind blows for a long period of the year (from Oct. to May) down the Formosa channel; but vessels at this season go outside the channel, but sometimes beat through: for instance, the \"Omega,\" a small schooner commanded by Captain White, one of the most intelligent, enterprising, and skilful officers on the coast of China, left Chusan, June 13, 1843, went to Hong Kong and Macao, delivered her downward and received her upward cargo, and arrived in Chusan harbour on the 29th, being somewhat under sixteen days. This was thought much of at the time; but in June, 1844, answers to letters were received, by sailing-vessels, from Hong Kong, in nine days from the time of their being written in Chusan. In 1843, Captain White made, in less than nine months, seven sailing voyages up and down between Chusan, Hong Kong and Macao, and on two of these occasions proceeded up the Yang-tze-kiang river as far as Woosung, besides, on other occasions, touching at the ports along the coast. During the remainder of the year the vessel was either laying up or being repaired; had she been constantly running, Captain White says he could have made ten voyages with ease. Let it be remembered that this was a trading schooner obliged to take in and discharge cargo each voyage. On May 6, 1843, at noon, the \"Omega\" sailed from Dear island, Chusan, and in sixty-nine hours anchored in the Typa, Macao roads. Small British vessels, brigs and schooners, are now plying the whole year between Macao, Canton, and Hong Kong to Chusan and the northern ports. Under a proper treaty and freedom, there would be a very large coasting trade along the whole shore of China conducted in small British square-rigged vessels.\n\nCHUSAN.\n\n53\n\nMilitary Position.-A glance at the map of China will instantly demonstrate the many advantages which Chusan possesses as a military station. Midway between the northern and southern extremities of this immense empire; at the entrance of the vast Yang-tze-kiang, which divides China into two parts, and by means of the extraordinary canals all centering in this river, affording a cheap and ready water communication with Pekin and all the richest cities and most fertile plains, --sufficiently distant from the mainland to prevent observation, and to guard against a surprise; in a healthy climate, abounding in commissariat supplies, and with the most important maritime advantages, Chusan may justly be termed the key of China.\n\nTwo regiments, a couple of frigates, and two steamers, would be sufficient, if stationed at Chusan, not only to keep the whole of the empire of China in check, but even to act on the offensive, enter the Yang-tze-kiang, occupy the mouth of the Grand Canal, and in one week dictate terms of peace without seeking any reinforcements from India. A flat country, thickly peopled by an unwarlike, effeminate, and commercial race, collected in numerous large cities, can never resist even a small well-organized invading body.\n\nBut our military occupation of Chusan would tend to prevent war, The Tartar Government, conscious of its weakness, and of our superior skill in arms, would dread an encounter, when we were at their door immediately to confront them, and demonstrate that we were not again going to waste our time and strength at the southern extremity of the empire. Our very proximity to Pekin would make the Chinese Government more solicitous for the maintenance of good faith, and for the preservation of a friendly alliance. We have at present nothing to expect from China but through their fear of our military strength; and were that fear removed, I believe they would not hesitate to expel us from every port in China. I will not advert to Hong Kong; my report on that settlement will show that that island can never be viewed as a military position for Great Britain.\n\nIn adverting to the chances of renewed hostilities in China, the probability of the western nations making this coast their battle-field, as was formerly the case in India, should not be overlooked. France or America or Russia might be engaged in war with China, while we were neutrals; the great value of our occupation of Chusan would then be most manifest. Or should China seek and obtain the assistance of England to quell domestic rebellion, or to resist foreign aggression, our position at the centre region of China would be equally useful. Whether England be engaged in an European or a Chinese war, her military and naval occupation of Chusan would be of vital importance, and the saving of many lives and much treasure.\n\nIt is a good maxim, that to be always prepared for hostilities is a sure mode of preserving peace. This rule would be found most applicable to the Chinese; and if our policy be the maintenance and extension of social and commercial intercourse with China, England will not relinquish her naval and military position in Chusan.\n\nConcluding Observations against the Evacuation of Chusan by England.-A careful reflection on the policy of the Tartar Government...\n\n430\n\n1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-018 - Others - 1846.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 256414,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 171,
        "title": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 2ND MAY, 1863.\n\nAnd We do hereby further declare and ordain that from and after the same date the Dollar of Mexico or other silver Dollar of equivalent value as may from time to time be authorized by the Governor or Officer administering the Government of Hongkong shall be the only legal tender of payment (except as hereinafter directed) within Our said Island of Hongkong and its dependencies:\n\nAnd we do hereby further ordain and declare that such silver coins as may be issued from Our Mint representing some multiple of the Cent or one hundredth part of the said Dollar shall be legal tender of payment for any sum not exceeding two Dollars and such copper or bronze coins as may be issued from Our Mint representing the cent or one hundredth part or the mil or cash representing one thousandth part of the said Dollar shall be legal tender of payment for any sum not exceeding one dollar:\n\nAnd we do hereby further ordain and declare that the silver and copper coins to be issued from Our Mint as aforesaid shall be prepared as follows:---\n\nThe silver pieces of money shall be prepared of silver containing twenty per cent of alloy. Every such piece shall have for the obverse impression Our Effigy crowned, with the Inscription \"Victoria Queen\" and for the reverse impression an inscription indicating the value of the piece in cents of a dollar with the words \"Hongkong\" and the date of the year, and the same inscription repeated in Chinese Characters.\n\nA copper piece representing one hundredth part of a Dollar shall have for the obverse impression Our Effigy crowned, with the Inscription \"Victoria Queen\" and for the reverse impression the Inscription \"One Cent Hongkong\" with the date of the year, and the same inscription repeated in Chinese Characters.\n\nAnother copper piece representing one thousandth part of a Dollar shall be perforated in the centre, and have for the obverse impression the Inscription \"V.R.\" surmounted by a Crown, with \"Hongkong, One Mil\" and the date of the year, and for the reverse impression the inscription Hongkong One Cash or One Mil represented in Chinese Characters.\n\nNo. 44.\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nWhereas it has been reported to this Government that among the Pirate Junks infesting this neighbourhood and the Formosa Channel certain lawless Persons, English and American, are employed, it is hereby notified that\n\nA REWARD OF ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS\n\nwill be paid for such information as shall lead to the conviction, on trial before the Supreme Court of this Colony, of any such Person so associating with Pirates.\n\nInformation will be received by the Senior Naval Officer, H.M.S. Princess Charlotte in harbour, or the Captain Superintendent of Police on shore, and every protection will be given to Informants.\n\nBy Order,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 8th April, 1863.\n\nW. H. ALEXANDER,\n\nActing Colonial Secretary.\n\nWEATHER TABLES FOR THE PAST WEEK. REGISTER AT HARBOUR MASTER'S OFFICE, QUEEN'S ROAD.\n\nTHE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 2nd MAY, 1863.\n\nNo. 3.-LIST of DEAD LETTERS which have been returned from the General Post Office in London and other places for the various reasons assigned upon them, addressed as undermentioned, the writers of which can obtain them on application.\n\n  \n    Johnston, Miss M., care of Mrs. Henry Smith, No. 28, Charles Street,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Adlington, Mrs., care of Mr. John Marsh, No. 12 Manchester Terrace, Manchester Road,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Allen, Mrs. Elizabeth, No. 5 Bayhorse Lane, Gildort Street, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Anderson, Frank, care of Mustave, Storekeeper, Sandrige, Victoria, Australia,\n    \n  \n  \n    Benewais, Captain, R.N., ship Agincourt, London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Brown, Mr. D., 7 Church Lane, Dundee, Scotland,\n    \n  \n  \n    Baker, Mr. James, 16 Sutton Street, Commercial Road, London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Bergman, Herr C., Stockholm, Sweden,\n    \n  \n  \n    Boswell, Mr. N. W., Salem Mass, U.S.A.,\n    \n  \n  \n    Brijant, Mrs. Ette., 96 Sackett Street, South Brooklyn, New York, U.S.A.,\n    \n  \n  \n    Bradley, Mr. P. M., No. 17 Van Brant Street, Brooklyn, New York,\n    \n  \n  \n    Bradley, Joseph, barque Oliver Cromwell of Shields, London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Baker, Mr. A. Ú., Assistant Engineers' Department, Navy Yard, Philadelphia,\n    \n  \n  \n    Greenock, Scotland,\n    \n  \n  \n    Jackson, Mas. E. M., Mayors Office, Town Hall, Sydney,\n    \n  \n  \n    Kelly, Miss Elizabeth, 15 Astrol Street, North End, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Kor, S. L., Madras Railway,\n    2\n  \n  \n    Keys, Mrs. Frederick, No. 33, King Street, Snows Fields, Borough, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Lord, Mrs. Alfred Cottage, Alfred Street, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    McGregor, Captain James, Barque Ophir, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Moore, Mr. Ellen, South Boston, Mass,\n    \n  \n  \n    Mairhead, Mrs. S., No. 96, Motà Street, New York,\n    \n  \n  \n    Marshall, Charles, Manchester,\n    \n  \n  \n    Minat, Miss Weldt, Boston, U.S.A.\n    \n  \n  \n    McCleau, Miss Emily, care of A. B. McClean, Norfolk, Virginia, U.S., North America,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Major, H. B., Captain of Ship Noricay, care of Messrs. Young Schultz, New York\n    1\n  \n  \n    Mellet, Miss Eliza, No. 1, Castor Street, West India Road, London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Marshall & Co., London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Brideell, Miss Louisa, 41 North port Street, New North Road, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Collins, Mrs., No, G John Street, White Horse, Stepney, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Chase, E., Boston, U.S.A.,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Costello, Mrs. Ann, care of Mr. Dolas, Wine Spirit Stores, Liverpool,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Cunnah, Mrs. Catherine, St. Bridges, Cheshire,\n    \n  \n  \n    Charetto, Monsieur, Mont, 34 Rue St. Mare, Paris,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Clarke, Mr. Joseph, Wellington Buildings South, Castle Street, Liverpool,\n    \n  \n  \n    Cheever, Captain W. J., barque Magie, New York,\n    \n  \n  \n    Dorsman, Mr., No. 12 Jackson Street, Toxteth Park, Liverpool,\n    \n  \n  \n    Dugas, Monsieur, Lyons,\n    \n  \n  \n    Pile, Mrs. David, Boot and Shoemaker, Melbourne, Australia,\n    \n  \n  \n    Putts, Mathilda, care of Mrs. Meanly, No. 17, Mason St., off Wapping Dock, Liverpool,\n    \n  \n  \n    Pettingel, John, Philadelphia,\n    \n  \n  \n    Randall, Mrs. Thomas, care of Mr. E. Wallis, at Messrs. Wolf & Co., Shipping Agent, Southampton, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Rudy & Co., Liverpool,\n    \n  \n  \n    Randell, Miss Emma, 20 Street, James Road, Victoria Park, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Staunton, Mrs. Camps, Buildings Yarmouth, Norfolk,\n    \n  \n  \n    Doyan, J. M., Troy, N.Y., care of Messrs. Fogg Brothers, New York, U.S.A.,\n    \n  \n  \n    Downie, Mr. William, Carpenter and Timber Merchant, Geelong, West Australia,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Smith, Mr. Hansel, 3 Hill Street, Pecksham, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Semenza, Henry, Marseilles,\n    11\n  \n    Davezac, Monsieur, Sans Directeur des Postes, à Marseilles,\n    \n  \n  \n    Day, Miss Lizy, No. 1 Hooper Square, White Chapel, London,\n    \n  \n  \n    Dickmann, Miss, No. 42, Bute Docks, Cardiff, Glemorganshire, Wales,\n    \n  \n  \n    Duan, Mrs. L., London, (N.),\n    \n  \n  \n    Elliot, Esq., A. C., Baltimore, Md., U.S.A.,\n    \n  \n  \n    Firth, Miss South, Swiss Cottage, Worthing,\n    \n  \n  \n    Friedeburg, Mrs. E., 62 Upper, St. Pauls Road, Camden Town, London,\n    2\n  \n  \n    Fry, Jos & Sons, Lower Castle Street, Liverpool, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Fowten, Miss Angelina, No. 29, Redyke, Antwerp, Belgium,\n    \n  \n  \n    Goodrige, Miss Bessie, 18 Manchester Street, above Bar, Southampton, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Gazard, Miss Maria, 11 Mankett Place, Lancaster, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Helguero, Tenor D. Pedro, Paris,\n    \n  \n  \n    Simpson, Mrs. G., enre of Mr. H. McMustry, Belfast, P.O., Ireland,\n    \n  \n  \n    Sauten, J. H., van Krompen,\n    \n  \n  \n    Smidt, H. de, str. Arratoon Apenr, care of Messrs. Stephen Joachim, Bombay,\n    \n  \n  \n    Smith, Mrs., 132 York Road, Lambeth, Surry,\n    \n  \n  \n    Thompson, Miss F., 58 Blackett Street, New Castle upon Tyne, Northumburland, England,\n    \n  \n  \n    Times, Editor, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Underhill, Miss, 13 Cambridge Square, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Vedova, Catherina, Corvetto Fontanavossa, Genova,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Wild, Miss A, E., at Mr. Thompson, Greeland Street, London,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Watts, Mr. Robert, and Mr. Dumis, 4 Woodland Place, Charlton, Woolwich,\n    \n  \n  \n    Hadwin, Miss Joanua, care of Mrs. Henry Mackel, Wild Street off, London Road, Liverpool,\n    \n  \n  \n    General Post Office, Hongkong, 1st May, 1863.\n    \n  \n  \n    Walling, Mrs. Garrett, care of Mr. J. Gillmor, No. 50, Laight Street, New York,\n    \n  \n  \n    F. W. MITCHELL, Postmaster General.\n    \n  \n\nList of unclaimed LETTERS and PAPERS lying in the Hongkong Post Office for Parties not known, 1st May, 1863.\n\n  \n    Letters\n    Papers\n  \n  \n    Carpenter, R.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Gue, G.\n    \n  \n  \n    Graves\n    \n  \n  \n    Gomes, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Almeida, A. A.\n    3\n  \n  \n    Calcott, C.\n    \n  \n  \n    Allen, H. L.\n    \n  \n  \n    Algar Aegerter, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Campbell, D.\n    5\n  \n  \n    Comby\n    1\n  \n  \n    Farren, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Gilpin, S.\n    \n  \n  \n    Imbert. E.\n    \n  \n  \n    Irvine, J.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Muller, J. W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Martin, T.\n    \n  \n  \n    Swan, W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Marr, J. B.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Jones, T.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Comp, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Carberry, Mrs. M.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Gonsales, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Nexon, A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Stephens, E.\n    \n  \n  \n    Shineful, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Shedgate, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Saggart, J.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Kurssens, H. J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Nicholas, A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Scott, A. C.\n    \n  \n  \n    Clark,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Grane, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    King, M.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Syler, J. C.\n    \n  \n  \n    Chaves, M,\n    +2\n  \n  \n    Oneil, M.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Stokes, C.\n    \n  \n  \n    Conery, W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Gold, C.\n    \n  \n  \n    Lainbert, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Osborne, F.\n    +2\n  \n  \n    Swanstrom, L.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Cranston, J. W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Green, A\n    \n  \n  \n    Lloyd, E.\n    \n  \n  \n    Oson, S. M.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Child, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Goodail, G.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Litileberry, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Taylor, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Granderie, E. G\n    \n  \n  \n    Luna\n    \n  \n  \n    Pellet, A\n    1\n  \n  \n    Todd, J. H.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Dunn\n    1\n  \n  \n    Girette, C.\n    4\n  \n  \n    Lewis, 0.\n    \n  \n  \n    Pinckernelle, A.!\n    37\n  \n  \n    Dounan, D.\n    3\n  \n  \n    Lucas, Miss\n    \n  \n  \n    Petrie, T.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Talbert\n    \n  \n  \n    Thompson\n    2\n  \n  \n    Dyce, J. R.\n    1\n  \n  \n    H. B.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Lala\n    \n  \n  \n    Hind. H. W.\n    \n  \n  \n    Lecog, A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Rabone, W.\n    \n  \n  \n    Thomas, Capt.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Ronald, S.\n    \n  \n  \n    Escale, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Hamilton, Mrs.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Laun, E.\n    \n  \n  \n    Van der Laan\n    1\n  \n  \n    Becker, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Hide\n    \n  \n  \n    Rodrigues\n    \n  \n  \n    Roza, A. F.\n    \n  \n  \n    Rattiece, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Ferreira, A.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Honis\n    \n  \n  \n    Mayer W.\n    \n  \n  \n    Bennett, L\n    1\n  \n  \n    Fullertem, A.\n    \n  \n  \n    Hay\n    2\n  \n  \n    Marques, C. M.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Roclofs, C. A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Willcox, C. S.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Williamson, A.B.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Rementer, G.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Bonde, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Funny, F.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Harton, H.\n    1\n  \n  \n    McRimnon, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Brown, T.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Freedie,\n    \n  \n  \n    Hodgson, W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    McKayna, P.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Rubbert, F.\n    \n  \n  \n    Wallis, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Bobst, J. R.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Fortozo, G.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Hirsah, A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Mason, P.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Rosselet, J.\n    \n  \n  \n    Wade, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Williamson, W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Folgin, Capt.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Ilussmann, C.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Clarke J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Fraser, W. J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Harrison, E.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Monte, Capt.\n    \n  \n  \n    Mello, A.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Smith\n    2\n  \n  \n    Simmons,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Whyte, J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Whitehead, W.\n    1\n  \n  \n    J. V.\n    \n  \n  \n    Butler, J. B.\n    \n  \n  \n    Baker, W.\n    \n  \n  \n    Brand & Co.\n    \n  \n  \n    Britto, A.\n    \n  \n  \n    Behrendt\n    \n  \n  \n    Benito,\n    \n  \n  \n    Boyle, Mrs.\n    \n  \n  \n    Baptista,\n    \n  \n  \n    Brymaner, R.\n    \n  \n  \n    Raase, H.\n    \n  \n  \n    Bain, W. S.\n    \n  \n  \n    M. J.\n    1\n  \n  \n    Bastone, E.\n    \n  \n\nPOST OFFICE NOTICE.\n\n  \n    DATE\n    6 A.M.\n    NOON\n    6 P.M.\n  \n  \n    April 25\n    30.02\n    30.03\n    30.03\n  \n  \n    \n    79\n    79\n    \n  \n  \n    26\n    30.12\n    30.12\n    30.13\n  \n  \n    \n    77\n    76\n    74\n  \n  \n    27\n    30.11\n    30.12\n    30.10\n  \n  \n    \n    76\n    74\n    \n  \n  \n    28\n    30.12\n    30.14\n    30.14\n  \n  \n    \n    75\n    78\n    76\n  \n  \n    \n    77\n    73\n    75\n  \n  \n    29\n    30.14\n    30.10\n    30.12\n  \n  \n    \n    74\n    74\n    75\n  \n  \n    30\n    30.10\n    30.07\n    30.03\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n  \n  \n    May 1\n    30.02\n    30.00\n    29.95\n  \n  \n    \n    75\n    80\n    78\n  \n\nREGISTER AT BLOCK HOUSE, VICTORIA PEAK.\n\nHeight above Sea Level 1,770 feet.\n\n  \n    DATE\n    6 A.M.\n    NOON\n    6 P.M.\n    6 A.M.\n    NOON\n    6 P.M.\n  \n  \n    \n    BAROMETER\n    THER-MOMETER\n  \n  \n    April 25\n    28.15\n    28.22\n    28.20\n    71.30\n    74.00\n    71.00\n  \n  \n    \n    28.16\n    28.15\n    \n    70.30\n    72.30\n    70.30\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    70.30\n    74.15\n    \n  \n  \n    26\n    28.20\n    28.23\n    28.21\n    68.20\n    68.50\n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    28.19\n    28.19\n    \n    68.00\n    68.10\n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    67.50\n    70.00\n    \n  \n  \n    27\n    28.21\n    28.25\n    28.24\n    67.50\n    68.30\n    69.15\n  \n  \n    \n    28.22\n    28.20\n    \n    67.30\n    68.00\n    68.50\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    67.00\n    70.00\n    \n  \n  \n    28\n    28.24\n    28.27\n    28.26\n    68.30\n    71.15\n    69.30\n  \n  \n    \n    28.24\n    28.23\n    \n    68.00\n    70.00\n    68.15\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    66.50\n    73.00\n    \n  \n  \n    29\n    28.22\n    28.25\n    28.23\n    67.15\n    67.55\n    67.00\n  \n  \n    \n    28.18\n    28.17\n    \n    66.50\n    66.15\n    65.00\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    66.00\n    68.80\n    \n  \n  \n    30\n    28.18\n    28.21\n    28.18\n    66.35\n    68.30\n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    28.14\n    28.12\n    \n    66.15\n    68.00\n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    65.30\n    69.00\n    \n  \n  \n    May 1\n    28.13\n    28.18\n    28.17\n    69.30\n    73.00\n    73.00\n  \n  \n    \n    28.15\n    28.12\n    \n    69.00\n    72.00\n    72.80\n  \n  \n    \n    \n    \n    \n    67.00\n    74.00\n    \n  \n\nList of LETTERS and PAPERS lying at the Hongkong Post Office for Merchant Vessels, 1st May, 1863.\n\n  \n    Letters\n    Papers\n  \n  \n    Alchymist\n    5\n  \n  \n    Castle\n    1\n  \n  \n    Freuella\n    1\n  \n  \n    Julie\n    \n  \n  \n    Nubia\n    1\n  \n  \n    R. B. Forbes.\n    \n  \n  \n    Adelaide\n    1\n  \n  \n    Calypso\n    1\n  \n  \n    Forerunner\n    1\n  \n  \n    Nestorian\n    1\n  \n  \n    Star of the\n    1\n  \n  \n    Atriveda\n    1\n  \n  \n    Cornelia\n    2\n  \n  \n    Ferozepore\n    2\n  \n  \n    Kaloomeer\n    1\n  \n  \n    Nemesis\n    1\n  \n  \n    North\n    3\n  \n  \n    African\n    1\n  \n  \n    Mathilde\n    1\n  \n  \n    Kessington\n    2\n  \n  \n    Alexander\n    4\n  \n  \n    City of Durham\n    1\n  \n  \n    Genoa\n    1\n  \n  \n    Kalamba\n    \n  \n  \n    Oriental\n    1\n  \n  \n    Shanghae\n    1\n  \n  \n    Saldanha\n    16\n  \n  \n    Amalia\n    2\n  \n  \n    Chase\n    1\n  \n  \n    Good Success\n    1\n  \n  \n    Kelso\n    1\n  \n  \n    Orga\n    1\n  \n  \n    Swiftsure\n    1\n  \n  \n    Alarm\n    17\n  \n  \n    Cahandabar\n    1\n  \n  \n    Glocester\n    1\n  \n  \n    Oneida\n    1\n  \n  \n    Sobat Seba\n    \n  \n  \n    Anjuna\n    1\n  \n  \n    Cambalu\n    1\n  \n  \n    Glorioza\n    1\n  \n  \n    Luna\n    \n  \n  \n    Auld Reckie\n    \n  \n  \n    G. Ruxton\n    \n  \n  \n    Lion\n    \n  \n  \n    Persia\n    1\n  \n  \n    Sooloo\n    \n  \n  \n    April 25\n    28.15\n  \n  \n    \n    28.22\n  \n  \n    \n    28.20\n  \n  \n    \n    28.16\n  \n  \n    \n    28.15\n  \n  \n    \n    71.30\n  \n  \n    \n    74.00\n  \n  \n    \n    71.00\n  \n  \n    \n    70.30\n  \n  \n    \n    72.30\n  \n  \n    \n    70.30\n  \n  \n    \n    70.30\n  \n  \n    \n    74.15\n  \n  \n    26\n    28.20\n  \n  \n    \n    28.23\n  \n  \n    \n    28.21\n  \n  \n    \n    28.19\n  \n  \n    \n    28.19\n  \n  \n    \n    68.20\n  \n  \n    \n    68.50\n  \n  \n    \n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    68.10\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    67.50\n  \n  \n    \n    70.00\n  \n  \n    27\n    28.21\n  \n  \n    \n    28.25\n  \n  \n    \n    28.24\n  \n  \n    \n    28.22\n  \n  \n    \n    28.20\n  \n  \n    \n    67.50\n  \n  \n    \n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    69.15\n  \n  \n    \n    67.30\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    68.50\n  \n  \n    \n    67.00\n  \n  \n    \n    70.00\n  \n  \n    28\n    28.24\n  \n  \n    \n    28.27\n  \n  \n    \n    28.26\n  \n  \n    \n    28.24\n  \n  \n    \n    28.23\n  \n  \n    \n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    71.15\n  \n  \n    \n    69.30\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    70.00\n  \n  \n    \n    68.15\n  \n  \n    \n    66.50\n  \n  \n    \n    73.00\n  \n  \n    29\n    28.22\n  \n  \n    \n    28.25\n  \n  \n    \n    28.23\n  \n  \n    \n    28.18\n  \n  \n    \n    28.17\n  \n  \n    \n    67.15\n  \n  \n    \n    67.55\n  \n  \n    \n    67.00\n  \n  \n    \n    66.50\n  \n  \n    \n    66.15\n  \n  \n    \n    65.00\n  \n  \n    \n    66.00\n  \n  \n    \n    68.80\n  \n  \n    30\n    28.18\n  \n  \n    \n    28.21\n  \n  \n    \n    28.18\n  \n  \n    \n    28.14\n  \n  \n    \n    28.12\n  \n  \n    \n    66.35\n  \n  \n    \n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    68.30\n  \n  \n    \n    66.15\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    68.00\n  \n  \n    \n    65.30\n  \n  \n    \n    69.00\n  \n  \n    May 1\n    28.13\n  \n  \n    \n    28.18\n  \n  \n    \n    28.17\n  \n  \n    \n    28.15\n  \n  \n    \n    28.12\n  \n  \n    \n    69.30\n  \n  \n    \n    73.00\n  \n  \n    \n    73.00\n  \n  \n    \n    69.00\n  \n  \n    \n    72.00\n  \n  \n    \n    72.80\n  \n  \n    \n    67.00\n  \n  \n    \n    74.00\n  \n\nList of Unpaid and Registered LETTERS and PAPERS lying at the Hongkong Post Office for Her Majesty's Ships of War, 1st May, 1863.\n\n  \n    Letters\n    Papers\n  \n  \n    Melville\n    2\n  \n  \n    P. Charlotte\n    7",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 259268,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 368,
        "title": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "77\n\nin\n\nthat neighbourhood after having destroyed two Portuguese lorchas at the port of Lamyt, belonging to Macao.\n\nthis\n\nwe were informed that they\n\nthe\n\noff\n\nwere\n\npiratical village of Pootou (formerly described to me by Leew as a nest of pirates) and having arrived at the latter in a fog\n\nwe found\n\none\n\nlarge and two\n\nsmall junks hauled up behind\n\na rock near some 20 fishing boats.\n\nLew landed and brought off two of the Elders of the village who admitted that half the villagers lived by piracy and the rest by fishing, that the large junk\n\na prize considered too clumsy\n\nwas\n\n301\n\nfor piratical service and that those we were in quest of were cruising in the Formosa Channel. Lew requested me to burn the junk but before it could be done the fog suddenly cleared and two junks\n\nwere observed\n\nstanding into the bay which the Elders confessed to belong to this\n\nJunk\n\nbut\n\nthey lacked wind and\n\nseeing us chased but making\n\nthe crews landed before\n\nfor the\n\nthe shore\n\nwe could\n\ncome up and ran over the hills towards Pootou. The junks shewed ample evidence of piratical character; to a stranger they appeared ordinary traders but the gunwales were made to unship, leaving ports 15 feet",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 282360,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "page_number": 487,
        "title": "CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9]",
        "content_text": "479\n\nAn irregular fringe surrounded the boiling mass of water; the spray in many instances went up sheer forty or fifty feet on the houses fronting the Praya; and the wild, crest-ed breakers bore possibly a wilder appearance than they have assumed for very many years.\n\nFrom the direction of the wind and other indications familiar to the nautical observer, it is presumed that the typhoon now honoring us with a call sprung into existence somewhere on the Coast of Japan. Being of enormous calibre and travelling very slowly, it made its way southward to the eastward of Formosa and entered the China seas through the Bashoe Channel. The course it was taking would have brought the centre nearly directly over Hongkong, but it is supposed that, impinging on Formosa, it received a cant which threw it out of its direct course, and fortunately for us, it passed to the eastward, though quite close enough to be pleasant.\n\nMr Hook's cargo boats rode out the gale hopefully in the earlier part of the day; but as the gale rose to its greatest height, masts were cut away, and at last they got adrift onto the Bund. The scene at this stage was a most exciting one. A crowd of residents, a number of soldiers, and a few policemen had assembled opposite Messrs Smith Archer's building to assist in getting ashore the crews of these unwieldy craft. By means of ropes and other appliances, all were landed from one boat; and during this difficult task, one of the 75th men fell or was swept amongst the debris close to the sea wall. Amongst the blinding spray, the poor fellow was rescued from what must have been a certain death, amid the general plaudits and congratulations of the assembled crowd. The soldiers, police, and residents worked at this stage with a right good will and were amply rewarded for their heavy drenching by the salvage of a goodly number of native men and women. It was curious to note the strong desire evinced by the natives to salve their goods and chattels; and one female refused to leave the boat until a resolute boatman got back and fetched her away in a very plucky manner.\n\nAbout three o'clock, the squalls appeared to lose in violence; but as the table given below will show, the barometer still continued to fall:-\n\n| Date | Time | Barometer |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sept. 26 | 9 a.m. | 29.06 |\n|  | 2 p.m. | 29.39 |\n|  | 3 p.m. | 29.35 |\n|  | 4 p.m. | 29.33 |\n|  | 7.5 | 29.23 |\n|  | 8 | 29.25 |\n|  | 9 | 29.25 |\n|  | 10 | 29.23 |\n|  | 11 | 29.17 |\n|  | 12 m. | 29.08 |\n|  | 1 p.m. | 29.07 |\n|  | 2 | 29.05 |\n|  | 3 | 29.04 |\n|  | 3 | 29.00 |\n\nThe lull was only the usual precursor of a change of wind and indicated that the centre of the storm was in our immediate vicinity. About 4:30, the gale recommenced, the wind coming heavily and steadily from E.S.E.; the glass has (as we go to press) evidently reached its lowest point - marking 29 on Falconer's standard glass - and shows symptoms of a rise. The height of the gale, therefore, has yet to come.\n\nThe Praya Wall, from Lane Crawford and Co's to the extreme west, is a mass of ruins; in some places cavities have been eaten out to the depth of from four to eight feet. To the westward of the Harbor Master's Office, great damage has been done both on shore and afloat. The streets are strewn with tiles, and a large number of Chinchew and coasting junks are piled upon the rocky beach outside the Bund.\n\nThe trees near the German Club have been dismembered, and others elsewhere have been torn up by the roots. The Public Gardens have been slightly damaged, and several trees on the Parade Ground and at Fedder's Wharf have also been broken or blown down.\n\nThrough the courtesy of the Police, we are informed that no telegrams of particular damage at the outstations have been received at the Central Station.\n\nThe damage to the Foreign shipping is inconsiderable, but the native craft have suffered severely. The greater part of the damage done was between the P. & O. Godowns and the Gas Works, where the sunken and disabled craft are numerous. The loss of life, though considerable, bears a small proportion to the number of lives in actual jeopardy. The wrecks of Chinchew junks and Macao and Canton Passage boats, many of them laden with valuable cargo, which strew the shore at the Westward, are painful to witness.\n\nMessrs Hook and Sons lost seven Cargo boats (six on this side and one at Kowloon) valued at about $9,000. The yacht Nemea was so badly damaged that she is not considered worth repairing. The large guano lighter belonging to Mr Tejerina was driven on the rocks opposite Ordnance Yard and is badly damaged. The schooner Gaviota, belonging to the same owners, was only saved from wreck by sacrificing her masts. The American ship Naples drove from her anchorage athwart the bows of the Colonial steamer Victoria, carrying away the bowsprit of the latter and doing her some other slight damage. The gunboat Bouncer dragged some distance but brought up without damage. The steamer Fizz was in great danger at one time but was saved without injury. The screw of the Delaware fouled with the chain of the Dong Wue and still remains in that condition.\n\nThe steamer Kinshun left Canton at her usual hour yesterday morning (26), but the wind rising rapidly and the glass falling, her commander judged it more prudent to run in at anchor under shelter, which he did at Chun Pih, where she lay until 6 this morning (27), when steam was got up, and she arrived at her wharf at 11:30 of that forenoon. No damage of any great amount was...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-145 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [6-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 287981,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-157 - Sir MacDonnell Acting Governor Sir Kennedy - 1872 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 551,
        "title": "CO129-157 - Sir MacDonnell Acting Governor Sir Kennedy - 1872 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "in the year of \n\nCofry.) \n\nfourth day of May \n\n\"Our Lord One thousand eight hundred \n\nand seventy two, and of our reign thirty fourth. \n\nthe \n\nAction $200,000. \n\n(1,5) \n\n(Signed) H. Alexander \n\nRegistrar \n\n(True Copy) (Signed) M. S. Panochy, \n\nMarshal \n\n7th May, 1872 \n\n(True Copy) (Signed) F. Smith \n\nActing Colonial Secretary \n\n549 \n\nReport of the Acting Attorney General. \n\nBefore replying specifically to \n\nHis Excellency the Governor's questions, I will narrate briefly, so far as I personally \n\nam acquainted with them, the circumstances connected with the \n\narrest of the French Mail Steamer .... \n\nOn the evening of the 14th April, \n\na collision occurred near the Island of Lontao(?) in the Formosa Channel between that vessel and the British steamer \"Rona\" whereby the latter vessel was so \n\nmuch injured that \n\nshe soon \n\nafter sank, several lives ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-157 - Sir MacDonnell Acting Governor Sir Kennedy - 1872 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 289286,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-160 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "CO129-160 - Public Offices - 1872",
        "content_text": "in the Formosa Channel, the 58 resulted in loss of 4, which was the total loss. The Rona collided with several other vessels, resulting in loss of lives and a valuable cargo.\n\nThe Ara was also seriously damaged and had to put into Amoy, where she was temporarily repaired, before proceeding on her voyage to Shanghae. The owners and agents of the \"Ara\" being French subjects were not unnaturally desirous that the question of the liability for the damage should be decided in France, but it would seem to have been ultimately arranged that the case should be heard in the Supreme Court (Admiralty Jurisdiction) of Hong Kong; for on the 3rd of May following the arrival of the Ara, a suit was instituted by the owners of the Ara against the Rona. A warrant was also taken out for the arrest of the Ara; but the Proctor for the Ara undertook by letter to give bail to answer.\n\nB 60",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-160 - Public Offices - 1872.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 297414,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875",
        "page_number": 512,
        "title": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875",
        "content_text": "So far as the Cathedral is concerned, I beg to assure your Grace that being put out of it is to me a very small consideration. If nothing else were involved, you should not be troubled by any letter from me on the subject. I did not come here to be an English preacher. I came here to carry on Missionary work.\n\nI was prepared on my arrival to do what I could for my fellow-countrymen, if only I could do it in a way consistent with my position as Bishop, but my main desire was to advance the cause of Christian Missions to the Chinese. With this end in view, I have involved myself to a considerable amount pecuniarily in order to put this house in a decent state of repair so as to enable me to commence Missionary work in it. I opened a day-school the other day in it with forty lads, but I have already determined to increase the number to eighty. I shall have five Teachers—one English and four Chinese. Scriptural Instruction will form a part of the daily routine of the school. I have also a small class of Christian Students whom I hope to train as catechists, and ultimately, if found worthy, to ordain as Missionaries to their fellow-countrymen.\n\nI cannot expect to train natives for work in the whole of China or even in that half which is supposed to belong to my Diocese, or in Japan. This would be as feasible as, supposing Europe were all heathen, having a small College with a Bishop and one solitary schoolmaster in one of the Channel Islands for the training of Native Missionaries for all its different nationalities! But I have the southern-most Province of China before me. This is as large as Great Britain and has probably as large a population. If I can train Native Catechists and Missionaries and scatter them even over the Southern part of that Province, shall I not be doing a genuinely Missionary work and advancing, so far as one man with very few means at his disposal can, the Christian civilization of China?\n\nBut what if this work is taken from me? What if this property on which St. Paul's College is built is resumed by the Government on the ground that in the Trust deed the property is given to the Lord Bishop of Victoria as created by the Letters Patent \"a Body Corporate,\" and that I hold no such position? There is no doubt that by this Trust deed the local government have me completely in their power, and if they were disposed to be unfriendly, they could after three months' notice and more or less compensation (if indeed the law would not release them from granting me compensation) eject me from the building. But whether compensation were given or not, would any compensation make up for the frustration of my plans and the disappointment of any hopes?\n\nYour Grace may think that I am disposed to take too serious a view of the matter. But I must say I can see nothing impossible or even improbable in the view I have presented. If the Letters Patent of an English Bishop were suddenly withdrawn and no legislative action taken to protect him in using the property of the Bishopric, very awkward questions would very soon present themselves. This is exactly my position, and I trust your Grace will see the importance of doing your utmost to place me on a better footing, so that the work I have marked out for myself may not be rudely interrupted and this house taken from me.\n\nThat I am not wholly without grounds for my anxiety on this point, I may mention that a short time ago, one in a high position in the Colony begged me not to spend too much money on the house, as the opinion had been expressed that \"the house had been forfeited.\" I could not ask for an explanation, but I have little doubt it referred to the right I have to reside here. The withdrawal of the Letters Patent without express legislation on the subject virtually deprives the Bishop of the house just as much as it shuts him out of the Cathedral.\n\nIt may seem mercenary to allude to my having on the same ground no legal right to my salary, but your Grace will not think my allusion to it unreasonable. If my salary were stopped to-morrow, I could have no legal redress.\n\nI put it to your Grace if this is a right position in which to place a man, especially as this Bishopric came to me from no seeking or even in the least degree desiring of mine.\n\nOnce more. If I am not legally Bishop of Victoria, my so signing myself is worthless, and all documents that I have so signed might be disallowed in law. My will, my insurance policy, my letters of orders, my ... all might be disputed, if it becomes generally known that the law does not acknowledge me as Bishop of Victoria.\n\nYou will remember that I brought this subject under your Grace's notice through Mr. Lee last autumn before I left England. Your Grace was good enough to give to me also through Mr. Lee answers to my questions, which I thought it right to show to the Governor here and the Clergy in my Diocese in the hope that your statements might strengthen my position. They have not done so, however. The Government, as I have said, do not recognize me at all, and the Clergy in Hongkong, while acknowledging me as a Bishop, and in words as their Bishop, have not as a Body recognized me, and cannot do so. They not only did not meet me, as a body, on my arrival here, but actually were not able to answer collectively the letter I wrote to them announcing the fact of my presence among them as their Bishop. I come not appointed by the present nor elected by them or any Church Body here, and they acknowledge the right of no one else to send a Bishop here. They have not said this in so many words, but this opinion—though not held perhaps by all—was the cause, I believe, of my being accorded no reception, public or private, by Clergy, some of them asked me, and I hope your Grace will forgive my repeating it, on what principle the Arch-Bishop appointed and designated me as Bishop of Victoria: was it as a kind of Pope, or by authority specially delegated to him by the Queen? I could not answer his question, as I never was told in what way the Colonial Secretary intimated to your Grace his wish about filling up the vacancy under the altered circumstances of the Bishopric.\n\nNotwithstanding all this, however, I feel I have a grand sphere of usefulness truly if I am left undisturbed. I am busy learning the Southern Chinese Dialect which may bring me into direct contact with hundreds of thousands in the Province of Canton. I have the School to superintend. I have the small number of Christian students to teach and train for the Ministry, whom I intend by and by to take out with me on itinerating excursions. The private chapel of the College in which for the present at least I am supreme, I purpose opening soon for Divine Service in English and Chinese. Canton, Swatow, Amoy, Foochow, Formosa, and the different parts in Japan I will try to visit as I get time, though in all these places I can only make a very brief sojourn and be guided by the need that may from time to time arise for Episcopal Visitation. The only actual Missionary work that I can do personally will be that which I can, in any sense worth the name, \"oversee,\" the work namely, that I have indicated in the Canton Province, if only I can get means to carry it out.\n\nI am sorry to send you so long a letter. I fear you may not have time to read it. I trust, however, that you will see the importance of it, and that you will be able to put this Bishopric on a more satisfactory footing.\n\nBelieve me,\n\nMy dear Lord ARCHBISHOP,\n\nYour Grace's devoted Servant,\n\nJ. S. BURDON, Bishop of Victoria.\n\nHongkong,\n\nTo His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875.txt",
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    {
        "id": 317907,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 158,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n## Superintendent of Host and Guest (Vol. 50)\nd.-Visiting Rites. Visiting Rites in regard to Tribute. Halls for guests. Horses for guests.\n\n## Superintendent of Imperial Feasts (Vol. 57)\ne.-Feasting Rites. Feasting Rites, Meats and Grains. Feasting Rites, Cattle, Mutton, Fowls, &c.\n\n## Board of Music (Vol. 58)\nThis is a mere supplement of the Board of Rites. Great importance is attached to this subject. But while the form is still observed, the Chinese contend that the art of ancient music has perished. If it could be recovered they think the golden age would appear.\n\n## Board of War (Vol. 59)\nConstitution of the Board: Presidents and Vice Presidents, with four Superintendents.\n\n(1.)--Superintendent of Military Selection. Regulations in relation to guards for Emperor and Imperial Family. Rules for 5 Divisions of Military Officials, Superior, Middle, Inferior (Vol. 60). Regulations in regard to Guard (Vol. 61). Regulations in regard to Parade. Regulations in regard to Hanting. Regulations in regard to going to War.\n\nA fair proportion of space is given to this important branch of the Government. But it is considered by Chinese scholars and statesmen as of much less importance than Rites and Ceremonies, which are expressions of justice and truth. The theory is doubtless the correct one; but in experience the Chinese deceive themselves. Clinging to the traditions of the past is not always true wisdom. The living present and the coming future are more important. If the Chinese were really honest in their profession of love of justice and truth, and truly believed what such a profession ought to imply, they would be more willing to give up the superstitions, false theories and poor method of their fathers for the better things of a Christian civilization.\n\nImperial Bounty (as for killed and wounded), Resident officials who have certain control of the aboriginal tribes in different parts of the Empire as in Yunnan and Formosa. Sometimes the office is given to a person of the half-civilized tribes, it being rightly supposed they would have more influence over their own people, understand their language &c.\n\n(2.) Superintendent of Geographical Divisions and Public Roads (Vol. 63). This volume contains maps of the Empire. The postal service is under the direction of this Board as mentioned in the former article. Regulations in regard to Camps. Regulations in regard to Army. Rigorous Discipline, Military merit, Parade (Vol. 64). Regulations in regard to Customs Barriers (Vol. 65). Regulations in regard to River and Ocean. Regulations in regard to Informers. Regulations in regard to Cruisers at Sea. Regulations in regard to punishment of officials &c.\n\n(3.) Superintendent of Carriages (Vol. 66). Regulations in regard to Horses. Regulations in regard to Post-roads, Relays, &c.\n\n(4.) Superintendent of Arsenals (Vol. 67). Regulations in regard to Arms. Regulations in regard to Military rolls. Regulations in regard to Military examinations for 2nd degree. Regulations in regard to Banishment and Exile.\n\n## Board of Punishments\nThis subject is treated more fully in a former article. (Vol. 68). Constitution of the Board in former article as above. Regulations in regard to Punishment. Regulations in regard to different kinds and grades of crime.\n\n## CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE\nRegulations in regard to Judgment (Vol. 69). Regulations in regard to Trials at Court in Autumn. Regulations in regard to Imperial Bounty. Regulations in regard to Arrest.\n\n## Board of Works (Vol. 70)\nConstitution of the Board as above, with four Superintendents.\n\n(1.)--Superintendent of Buildings. Regulations in regard to— Palaces. Altars (Vol. 71) Temples. City Walls. Dwellings for Imperial Family. Public Offices. Granaries. Camps. Materials of Construction. Report on Expenditures.\n\n(2.) Superintendent of Parks and Forests (Vol. 72). Regulations in regard to obtaining— Medicines, Furs, Precious Stones &c. Coinage. Manufacture of Arms. Sundries.\n\n(3.) Superintendent of Water Courses. River Works, Supplement on Gains from this Source. Sea and Bays, Supplement on Protection. Bridges and Roads. Regulations in regard to— Vessels. Storing Ice. Utensils for Use (Vol. 75). Weaving. Customs Duties.\n\n(4.) Superintendent of Lands Allotted to Soldiers. Regulations in regard to— Imperial Tombs, Cemeteries for Imperial Family. Wood and Coal. Artizans (for Public Works).\n\n## Treasury of Economical and Careful Expenditure. Stone-house of Construction (Vol. 77)\nThis finishes the account of the six Boards. There are still remaining several important departments of the Government to be noticed. The first is the province of Shing King, which is considered as the home of the Imperial Family, and where are to be found the Imperial Tombs. It was the first conquest preceding that of the Empire. It has a miniature Court like that of Pekin, visited yearly by the Emperor for worshipping the Imperial Ancestors, and as a summer resort, to avoid the dust and heat of the capital.\n\n## Shing King (Vol. 78)\nBoard of Population. Rites. War. Punishments. Works.\n\n## Colonial Office (Vol. 79)\nIt is Constitution. It has a President and two Vice Presidents, all either Manchu or Mongol, and six Superintendents. It has charge of the various dependencies of the Empire.\n\n1. Superintendent of Bannermen of Mongolia. Tribes\n2. Superintendent of tribute and Imperial favors for the chiefs of several tribes.\n3. Superintendent of honors, treaties &c., with several tribes (Vol. 80).\n4. Superintendent for comforting distant peoples or tribes.\n5. Superintendent for receiving distant peoples or tribes.\n6. Superintendent of Punishments. Treasury.\n\n## Censorate (Vol. 81)\nThe constitution of this branch is peculiar. It has two chief left censors, each one Chinese and Manchu, and four left assistants, each two Chinese and Manchus. The Viceroys and Governors have the titles of the right which correspond so that they have the right of making representations through this channel.",
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    {
        "id": 323759,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "page_number": 190,
        "title": "CO129-213 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [12]",
        "content_text": "buted by an English, hent in China\n\n(2.)\n\n189\n\n1184\n\nREOP\n\n1 of these men and the difference of their surroundings from those of Protestant missionaries can at all understand or in any way account for the language of M. Lemoine. In our disapproval of this, however, we must not be led into a quarrel with a numerous class of men amongst whom there is a large number whose devotion is simply incomprehensible. Nor must we forget in our disapproval of many of the tenets and much of the political economy of our neighbours across the Channel, that it was to the victorious armies of the allies that we owe our present position in China. How much and how little is the proper share of each in that enterprise, it is not certainly our part to inquire. One thing is quite certain, viz., that the French helped us and that we accepted their assistance, and more than that, there is no doubt that we needed it. We require now to-day the moral support of France in our intercourse with China as much as we required her artillery and bayonets when we stormed the Taka forts, or when Canton was occupied by the allied forces.\n\nSo important and intimate have become our commercial and financial relations with China, that we are altogether in danger of forgetting the fact that we are, in all our diplomacy and treaty making, face to face with a barbarism as determined as ever. There is in China a very large and influential party who would not hesitate at any measures which should have for their end the banishment from the Empire of every European and American missionary and trader, and the entire obliteration of every trace of our intercourse. To these men the undoubted importance of our trade in saving the lives of millions of Chinese in times of famine is as nothing. They care not for us, nor do they care for their own people. Their simple aim is to perpetuate the status quo, and by every conceivable means, no matter what, to arrest the march of events and the process of popular enlightenment.\n\nSP 21 JAN 84,\n\nIt must ever be remembered in the consideration of Chinese questions that we are wholly unknown to the Chinese people—hence, that they must be in the hands of any designing Mandarin whose supposed interest it may be to mislead them. This is the fruitful source of danger to which all our merchants and diplomatic agents at the Treaty ports and our missionaries in the interior are continually exposed. We are also too much in the habit of ignoring inconvenient and unpleasant facts in our treatment of Chinese questions—such, for instance, as the one that the present Chinese Government have no hold whatever upon the affections of the people; and that influences of Western civilisation, though very slowly, are surely undermining that power. Also that the Chinese Government are taking no steps whatever in the way of concession or reform, by which these powerful influences may be met. A short railway was made between Shanghai and Woosung, but this was bought up by the Government for the purpose of being destroyed. The locomotives and railway plant now lie rotting upon the beach of Formosa Island, and grass and weeds grow upon the track. It is believed that the money for a railway from Canton to Hankow upon the Yangtze Kiang, would be subscribed in London in a week if a concession could be obtained, but every effort in this direction has hitherto met only with determined opposition.\n\nIt has always been supposed that the telegraph is the pioneer of the railway, and much has been hoped from the influence of the line which has just been constructed by Chinese capital from Pekin to Kowloon, opposite to Hongkong. The adverse spirit, however, by which Chinese officials are actuated towards other nationalities was sadly manifested upon the occasion of the recent riots in Canton when the British Consul,\n\n1474\n\nrequiring",
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    {
        "id": 324783,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Gnal\n\n2608\n\nTHE FRENCH AND THE ISLAND OF CHUSAN.\n\nThe announcement made in the Reator's telegram published in another column to the effect that the Paris Press are urging the French Government to seize and occupy either Hainan, Formosa, or Chusan, as a guarantee for payment of an indemnity for the expenses of the war in Tonquin is another proof of the elation caused in the French metropolis by the news of the fall of Sontay. Elated as French journalists may be over the recent success in Tonquin, they would hardly, we imagine, have mentioned Chusan for seizure had they known that such seizure would furnish a casus belli to England. We will charitably conclude that the suggestion was made in ignorance of the convention of 1846 concluded by Sir JOHN DAVIS, Governor of Hongkong, and the Imperial High Commissioner KI-YING at Bocca Tigris. Articles 3 and 4 of that convention are as follow:-\n\n3. It is stipulated, on the part of His Majesty the Emperor of China, that on the evacuation of Chusan by Her Britannic Majesty's forces, the said island shall never be ceded to any other foreign Power.\n\n4. Her Britannic Majesty consents upon her part, in case of the attack of an invader, to protect Chusan and its dependencies, and to restore it to the possession of China as of old; but as this stipulation proceeds from the friendly alliance between the two nations, no pecuniary subsidies are to be due from China on this account.\n\nThe italics are ours. It will be clearly seen from these articles that Great Britain could not stand quietly by and see Chusan invaded by the French. Moreover, it will be observed that China has engaged never to cede the island to any other foreign Power. The Chinese, in the event of the French making any descent upon Chusan, would undoubtedly fall back upon this engagement by the British Government to protect the island, and even the GLADSTONE Administration could not evade the responsibility. We cannot believe, however, that the French Government would be rash enough to imperil the good relations existing between France and England, by even seriously talking of such a step.\n\nA correspondent signing himself \"An Old China Hand,\" whose letter appeared in our issue of the 3rd inst., suggested that the convention of 1846, by which the Chinese Government agreed that on the evacuation of Chusan by Her Britannic Majesty's forces the said island should never be ceded to any foreign power, had been abrogated by the Treaty of Tientsin. In a footnote to his letter we pointed out that he was entirely mistaken, the Tientsin Treaty simply abrogating the Supplementary Treaty and General Regulations of Trade, the substance of their provisions being incorporated, amended and improved, in the treaty then negotiated. Our correspondent based his contention on the preamble of the Tientsin Treaty, which states that the high contracting parties had resolved to proceed to \"a revision and improvement of the treaties existing between them;\" but by no twisting of words can \"revision and improvement of the treaties\" be construed to mean the abrogation of a convention which is in no way specifically referred to either in the preamble or text of the treaty. The existence of this convention seems to have been almost forgotten. It is not included in \"Mayers' Treaties or any similar collection with which we are acquainted, and it has consequently dropped out of sight. The statement that the French had their eye on Chusan has, however, given to the convention a renewed importance, and it may be interesting now to trace its history so far as it can be gathered from the Blue Books printed in connection with Affairs in China. Chusan having been occupied by the British in the first war, it was stipulated in the Nanking Treaty of 1842 that \"the island of Koolangsoo and that of Chusan will continue to be held by Her Majesty's forces until the money payments, and the arrangements for opening the ports to British merchants, be completed.\" In the Supplementary Treaty signed the following year it was again stipulated that \"the posts of Chusan and Koolangsoo will be withdrawn, as provided for in the treaty of perpetual peace and friendship, the moment all the moneys stipulated for in that treaty shall be paid.\" Soon after that time Mr. R. MONTGOMERY MARTIN, \"Treasurer to the Queen at Hongkong and a member of Her Majesty's Legislative Council in China,\" appeared on the scene, and addressed to the Secretary of State in 1844 a Report on Hongkong and a Report on Chusan, and in 1845 a Minute on the British position and prospects in China. Mr. MARTIN reported very unfavourably on the island of Hongkong. He saw it as a barren rock, the residents on which had not enjoyed good health, and he failed to recognise the immense commercial development of which it was capable and which it has since undergone. Governor Davis, in forwarding the report, expressed his dissent from it, and said: \"It is fair, however, to Mr. MARTIN to observe, that his remarks were written after only a few weeks' residence, under circumstances of indifferent health. I could easily point out errors in regard to facts and conclusions (did I deem it necessary to dwell upon the subject), some of which will be apparent from the public dispatches.\" Through what channel the Report on Chusan and the Minute reached the Secretary of State does not appear, nor whether they were written by Mr. MARTIN of his own motion or in compliance with a request or instructions from the Secretary of State, but at all events Governor Davis appears to have been much irritated with the report on Hongkong. Mr. MARTIN'S view was that this island was not worth retention, whereas the permanent occupation of Chusan was of the most vital importance, both from a commercial and military point of view. \"In conclusion,\" he wrote, \"there are, I respectfully submit, many cogent arguments of the highest state policy for our continued and permanent occupation of Chusan, and but one reason assigned for its\n\n41",
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    {
        "id": 328233,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "# Islands, (so named by the early Portuguese navigators), of small islets are a group occupying a commanding position in the Formosa Channel, about three hundred and fifty miles to the North-east of Hong Kong, and possessing one of the best harbours in the China Seas.\n\nI have the honour to be,  \nMy Lord,  \nYour Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant,  \nJ. Bowen  \nGovernor,  \nDate. 1885-  \nNo. 156  \n\n## DESPATCH.\n\n**C.O. 0284**  \n**REGE 9 MAY 85**  \nDefences &c. with Singapore  \n2014. Sefue Records came. Lurss account of sitting of feb bit at which above subjects were discussed, 008. bable the speakers giving foor credit for energy & promplistic disp saged by him tin connection with armo  \n\nN.0. 132.15.  \n15 May  \n\n## (Minutes.)\n\nM. Meade  \nThis \"truly fraternal governor\" omits to mention that his desp. of 12 May 1883 was written in answer to desp? from the \"grand paternal for? at home.  \nHe mentions near end of the speech that more than a year ago he recommended an increase of the garrison; I have just read through all the deaps (annexed) from his arrival on the subject up to a year ago, and though there are many references to the small garrison of some 500 men in all, he nowhere asks for an increase. I presume therefore he must have asked for such increase in one of his  \n\nPage 1",
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    {
        "id": 329612,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 421,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n(4) \n\nEst, &c., and two torpedo launches afloat. The Garrison and the Volunteers ashore, free from care about the forts and at liberty to move in one compact body against any force attempting to land.\n\nAnd what have we, or what are we to have in place of this? To the eastward a 3-gun battery at North Point—a similar battery at Hung Hom, both two miles and a half away from the narrow entrance they are to defend, and within a mile of the magazines, docks, arsenal, and barracks from which they are to keep the enemy. In the Pass itself a wretched earth-work commanded from a dozen points around, incapable of replying effectively to the fire of any heavily armed vessel, capable of being taken by a small landing party, and needing for its own protection at least a company of infantry. This Pass is, in addition, to be defended by torpedoes, but the torpedoeist has his establishment and stores, his base in fact, in the town three miles away, instead of on the spot and under the guns of a powerful fort. The batteries at North Point and Hung-Hom are commanded from hundreds of neighbouring points. Their guns are mounted en barbette. The gunners could not stand to their guns three minutes after machine guns opened on them from an enemy's tops. Any artillery officer will admit this. Less than 900 yards from the muzzles of the guns in North Point Battery is another spur running out to the eastward, from which infantry fire could pick off every man at the guns, every man who showed his nose above the parapet. This spur is easily accessible to landing parties, pushing on shore from an enemy's ships out of sight of the battery. Against hostile attack, pressed with skill and energy, the battery could not live an hour, and to make it defensible at all against attack from land and sea two companies of infantry would be barely enough. To make matters worse, there is no shelter for troops in or near it. It would have to be supplied with men, stores, everything from the town. An enemy, an active enemy, could easily be up at the battery before it could be manned, and it is noteworthy that the only road up into the battery is on the side nearest the sea. The road from Hongkong comes out past Whitfield Station and under the west side of the spur on which this battery stands, perfectly sheltered from the view and from the fire of an enemy. It would have been easy enough to have made the approach from some point of that road and taken it into the battery out of sight, and sheltered from fire. There is a natural covered way. But no, the road continues round the point to the exposed side of the hill and up the whole length of the incline into the work, exposed at every point to the fire of an enemy's ships anywhere in sight. There is hardly any possible defect of which this battery is not an illustration, and the same may be said of Hung Hom Battery. They are so close to the objects they are supposed to defend that every shot that misses them and passes over, wrecks the docks, or the Kellet's Island magazine, or the arsenal,—the docks within a few hundred yards, all the others within a mile. These two forts might possibly successfully repel the enemy's ships and prevent them entering the harbour, but could not prevent them from smashing the docks and the city.\n\nThese two batteries are commanded from places easily accessible to an active enemy, within a few hundred yards. They are unprotected from the fire of machine guns. They are incapable of defending themselves. They need a covering force outside. One half of the money that has been expended in building, repairing, altering, enlarging, and improving these useless man-traps would have built a powerful casemated fort in the Lye-ee-mun Pass, capable of successfully defending itself and the Pass. Thousands of pounds more are going to be spent on them unless the Colony openly, publicly, and forcibly protests.\n\nWhat have we, or rather what are we to have on the west side? A battery of the same pattern as the others on Stonecutters' Island, three miles from Sulphur Channel, exposed to capture by a coup-de-main, needing an infantry force to defend it from landing parties, depending for men, ammunition, and provisions on Hongkong, and only capable of annoying an enemy after he has rounded Mount Davis and is steaming into the harbour; and Belcher's Point Battery, similar to the others in the main line of its construction—open to be commanded and rendered useless by infantry fire from the neighbouring hills, needing infantry defence in case an enemy attempted to land at the other side of Mount Davis, and unable to touch an enemy's vessels until they passed Mount Davis and had fairly entered Sulphur Channel.\n\nThis battery, like the other, having to be manned from the town, would require daily supplies of provisions and ammunition.\n\nHere again the money spent and being spent on Stonecutters' and Belcher Point Batteries would build a powerful fort on Green Island, having its resources within itself, needing no defence from outside, capable of smashing any hostile men-of-war that came within its range, and of keeping them at a respectful distance from the town and shipping.\n\nLastly, with the present batteries as our sole defence, the island, in the absence of the fleet, is defenceless on its southern side. The infantry force of the Garrison must be broken up and scattered unduly to protect the batteries from landing parties, and to enable them to make even a pretence of resistance to an enemy's fleet. Five hundred of the enemy, landing from boats at any of the pretty little bays from Mount Davis to Cape D'Aguilar, could make a military promenade through the island. Let us suppose the programme sketched by a writer in the home papers to be attempted to be carried out in fact by our dear friends the French. We need only trouble ourselves with the first act in the programme: Admiral Courbet receives telegraphic orders to attack and take Hongkong. He has a dozen vessels and a couple of thousand soldiers at his instant disposal in Formosa. There are three possible cases. We might have absolutely no notice of the designed attack. Then, in the present state of the defences, Admiral Courbet simply steams in and, giving General Sargent, his officers and soldiers credit for skill, ability, and British pluck, where would the colony be? Captured after a useless fight—or, if not captured, destroyed and rendered useless to our fleet, either as a place to repair in or to coal. Admiral Courbet would not hesitate to move his fleet into the harbour past the existing \n\n## Page 420",
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        "title": "CO129-256 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1892 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "# Loss of the Bokhara\n\nThe Chief Officer, Third and Fourth Officers, two Quarter-Masters, and 16 Lascar seamen were washed off the ship and reached the shore alive, also two saloon passengers. The remainder of the ship's company and passengers were lost.\n\nThe survivors remained on the island till the next day, when they were taken by some fishermen to the neighbouring island of Pehoe, where they were well treated by a native priest, and then Makung in the island of Ponghou, where the Mandarin received them and cared for them with the greatest hospitality till they were taken off by the steamer `Thales` (Capt. HongIxs) and carried to Amoy, from whence they were taken in H.M.S. `Porpoise` to Hongkong.\n\nThe Court has carefully considered the evidence brought before it concerning this deplorable disaster, the evidence consisting only of the accounts given by the survivors so far as their memory serves them. Upon this evidence, the Court has formed the following opinion:\n\nThat the loss of the ship is to be attributed to her being drawn over to the Eastern side of the Formosa Channel either through \"head reaching\" while \"laying to\" or through a current setting more southerly than was expected and calculated for, or possibly to both of these causes.\n\nThat the Captain was zealous and unremitting in his attention to his duties, the ship was not too long and the precaution of \"laying to\" was taken in good time. But we cannot help thinking that he committed an error of judgment in too readily concluding afterwards that the ship was drifting on a safe course, and that in consequence more strenuous efforts were not made to get the ship round on the starboard tack; though the soundings obtained and the observations made for the purpose of determining the direction of the drift seem to have assisted in confirming him in the belief that his estimation of the drift course and set was correct, and in this estimation he was supported by the opinion of his Officers. Assuming, however, that the position at 8 PM on the 9th was correct, and there is no reason for supposing otherwise, then allowing a speed of 12 knots with a set of 2 knots and another knot for \"send of the sea\", the ship was probably making 15 knots an hour good. This on a course just clearing Turnabout (which was steered for but not seen) would place the ship at the time she was \"hove to\" about 21.5 miles S.S.W. of Turnabout. From this position to Sand Island is S. by W. 86 miles, and this then was the actual set and drift of the `Bokhara` during the 22 hours between the time of \"laying to\" and striking, being at the rate of about 3.5 knots an hour, which under the circumstances does not appear unlikely.\n\nThe Court, therefore, feels assured that if the ship had been put on the other tack, or if measures had been adopted for checking her drift and keeping her more up to the sea, this lamentable catastrophe would probably not have occurred. They come to this conclusion regretfully because they feel sure that if the possibility of the drift taking the ship as it did had presented itself to the Captain, no effort would have been spared by him to extricate the ship from her perilous position. It is, moreover, to be borne in mind that the Court's calculations are based on present knowledge, which was not in the possession of the Captain and Officers at the time of their calculations.\n\nThe Court is further of opinion that it would have been well if, at or about the time of \"laying to\", the additional precaution had been taken of bending some storm canvas.\n\nThe ship appears to have been well found and not overladen, and though not so heavily powered as some more modern vessels, still she had sufficient power in proportion to her tonnage to make her a thoroughly seaworthy vessel.\n\nProper discipline appears to have been maintained on board. The conduct of the crew was, according to the testimony of the Officers, entirely satisfactory. The Court has also before it the voluntary testimony of Dr. Lowson, one of the two surviving passengers, to the gallant conduct of the Captain and Officers, in which testimony he is supported by Lieut. MARKHAM, of the Shropshire Light Infantry, the other surviving passenger.\n\nFinally, we do not find that the loss of the `Bokhara` was caused by the wrongful act or default of any certificated officer, and as no blame attaches to them, the certificates of the survivors are dealt with.\n\nThe Court desires particularly to bring to notice the humane conduct of the people amongst whom the survivors were cast. The fishermen who took them off Sand Island, the native priest at Pehoe who relieved their immediate wants, and the Mandarin at Ponghou who, it appears, treated them with the greatest kindness and hospitality.\n\nGiven under our hands at Hongkong, this 22nd day of October, 1892.\n\n**R. MURRAY RUMSEY**, Retd. Comdr. R.N., President\n**JNO. HORTON WOOLWARD**, Staff Commander, R.N.\n**A. E. HOUSSAY**, Master, S.S. `Thales`\n**JOHN R. HILL**, Master, S.S. `Batavia`\n**HUGH CRAIG**, Master, S.S. `Mermuir`\n\nPage 807\n\n| Date | 1892 | 26 Oct |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Last previous Paper | 4 | 72211 |\n| Next subsequent Paper | Son | 23381 |\n\nTo aid & sec & FDA 1. (781)~61 --- QUOQ-L-12\n\nNo. 22913\n(Subject.) Lossy `Bokhara`\n\nDESPATCH.\n22513 RECE of 28 W Z Lendo sin copies dians attentim to humane actim\" certain chinese authortes pamphlet Z Relief entes Committer has been form is\n\n(Minutes.)\nM. Menfield Dorala nagu\n? Send copy of deep & me of pamphlet to 7.0. Jur wife 2 also to P20 annee 7729/11 2.7.2/ B M.Pd. 29 5229.11 \"B",
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        "content_text": "# Typhoon or Storm Centre \n## Typhoon or Storm Cent \n### Typhoon or Storm Centre \n\n| Location        | Direction of motion |\n| --------------- | -------------------- |\n| in S Formosa    | unknown              |\n| Formosa Channel | unknown              |\n| on mainland near Foochow | unknown       |\n| Near Hainan Straits | unknown           |\n\n| Name    | Direction |\n| ------- | --------- |\n| Flora   | Moving N  |\n| Floret  | Moving N  |\n| Frame   | Moving N  |\n| Gadfly  | Moving N  |\n| Finny   | NE        |\n| Florid  | NE        |\n| Franc   | NE        |\n| Gaelic  | NE        |\n\n| Name    | Direction |\n| ------- | --------- |\n| Final   | E         |\n| Floss   | E         |\n| Tray    | E         |\n| Gaff    | E         |\n| Finch   | SE        |\n| Flour   | SE        |\n| Freak   | SE        |\n| Gage    | SE        |\n| Finger  | S         |\n| Flow    | S         |\n| Freight | S         |\n| Gaily   | S         |\n| Finish  | SW        |\n| Flue    | SW        |\n| Frenzy  | SW        |\n| Gaiter  | SW        |\n| Finite  | W         |\n| Fluid   | W         |\n| Fresco  | W         |\n| Galaxy  | W         |\n| Fire    | WNW       |\n| Fluke   | WNW       |\n| Friend  | WNW       |\n| Galena  | WNW       |\n| Firkin  | NW        |\n| Flang   | NW        |\n| Freize  | NW        |\n| Galley  | NW        |\n| Firman  | NNW       |\n| Fluor   | NNW       |\n| Frigate | NNW       |\n| Gamble  | NNW       |\n\n| Name    | Status        |\n| ------- | ------------- |\n| Fiscal  | Stationary    |\n| Flurry  | Stationary    |\n| Frill   | Stationary    |\n| Fisher  | Filling up    |\n| Flush   | Filling up    |\n| Froek   | Filling up    |\n| Fleam   | Filling up    |\n| Food    | Filling up    |\n| Funible | Stationary    |\n| Fume    | Filling up    |\n| Gaudy   | Filling up    |\n| Gauger  | ...           |\n| Fleck   | unknown       |\n| Forage  | unknown       |\n| Fledge  | Moving N      |\n| Foray   | Moving N      |\n| Fund    | unknown       |\n| Function| unknown       |\n| Gaunt   | NNW           |\n| Gauze   | Moving N      |\n\n| Name    | Direction |\n| ------- | --------- |\n| Floece  | NE        |\n| Force   | NE        |\n| Fungus  | NE        |\n| Gawk    | NE        |\n| Fleet   | E         |\n| Forest  | E         |\n| Funnel  | E         |\n| Gemini  | E         |\n| Flense  | SE        |\n| Forgot  | SE        |\n| Furbish | SE        |\n| Gender  | SE        |\n| Flesh   | S         |\n| Formal  | S         |\n| Furious | S         |\n| Genera  | S         |\n| Flight  | SW        |\n| Fosse   | SW        |\n| Furl    | SW        |\n| Genial  | SW        |\n| Fling   | W         |\n| Fossil  | W         |\n| Furauce | W         |\n| Gentle  | W         |\n| Flirt   | WNW       |\n| Foster  | WNW       |\n| Farzy   | WNW       |\n| Genus   | WNW       |\n| Float   | NW        |\n| Fought  | NW        |\n| Fasil   | NW        |\n| Gerund  | NW        |\n| Flock   | NNW       |\n| Foul    | NNW       |\n| Fastian | NNW       |\n| Gestic  | NNW       |\n\n| Name    | Status        |\n| ------- | ------------- |\n| Flog    | Stationary    |\n| Fount   | Stationary    |\n| Future  | Stationary    |\n| Flood   | Filling up    |\n| Foxy    | Filling up    |\n| Geysor  | NNW           | \n## Page 167",
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        "content_text": "# Index to positions of Typhoon or Storm centres\n\n## Page 175\n\n| Location | Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| Lochin China Coast |  |\n| W. of Luzon | 11 |\n| E. of S. Anoam |  |\n| In Annam | 11 |\n| N. of Bolinso | 1 |\n| NE. of Bolinao | 1 |\n| NW. of Luzon | 11 |\n| In N. Luzon | 11 |\n| In Central Luzon | 1 |\n| In S. Luzon | 12 |\n| E. of Bolinao |  |\n| NE. of Manila | 12 |\n| S. of Bolinao |  |\n| SW. of Bolinao | 2 |\n| WSW. of Bolinao |  |\n| W. of Bolinao | 2 |\n| E. of Manila | 12 |\n| SE. of Manila | 2 |\n| S. of Manila | 12 |\n| SW. of Manila | 2 |\n| WNW. of Bolinao | 2 |\n| W. of Manila | 13 |\n| W. of Bolinao | 2 |\n| NW. of Manila | 13 |\n| Near Bolinao |  |\n| Near Manila | 13 |\n| of Balingtang Channel | 3 |\n| On mainland near Wenchow | 13 |\n| Near Balingtang Channel |  |\n| E. of Ningpo | 13 |\n| W. of Balingtang Channel | 3 |\n| SE. of Ningpo | 13 |\n| E. of Bashee Channel | 3 |\n| S. of Ningpo | 14 |\n| Near Bashee Channel | 3 |\n| SW. of Ningpo | 14 |\n| W. of Bashee Channel | 4 |\n| Near Ningpo | 14 |\n| E. of Loo Choo Islands | 4 |\n| NW. of Palawan | 14 |\n| SE. of Loo Choo Islands | 4 |\n| N. of Paracels | 14 |\n| of Loo Choo Islands | 4 |\n| NE. of Paracels | 14 |\n| W. of Loo Choo Islands | 4 |\n| E. of Paracels | 15 |\n| Near Loo Choo Islands | 4 |\n| SE. of Paracels | 15 |\n| A of Formosa | 5 |\n| S. of Paracels | 15 |\n| W. of Formosa |  |\n| E. of Formosa |  |\n| NE. of Formosa |  |\n| In Formosa | 5 |\n| In N. Formosa |  |\n| SW. of Paracels | 15 |\n| W. of Paracels | 15 |\n| NW. of Paracels | 15 |\n| Near Paracels | 16 |\n| N. of Shantung | 16 |\n| In S. Formosa |  |\n| NE. of Shantung | 16 |\n| La S. part of Formosa Channel |  |\n| E. of Shantung | 16 |\n| Da mainland near Swatow |  |\n| SE. of Shantung | 16 |\n| middle part of Formosa Channel |  |\n| W. of Shantung | 16 |\n| Du mainland near Amoy |  |\n| NW. of Shantung | 17 |\n| N. part of Formosa Channel | 6 |\n| In Shantung | 17 |\n| On mainland near Foochow | 7 |\n| In the Yellow Sea | 17 |\n| NW. of Foochow |  |\n| In Corea | 17 |\n| To the N. of the Formosa Channel | 7 |\n| N. of Shanghai | 17 |\n| Sear Hainan Straits | 7 |\n| NE. of Shanghai | 17 |\n| a Hainan |  |\n| E. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| Da mainland N. of Hainan |  |\n| SE. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| N. part of Gulf of Tongking | ४ |\n| S. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| Ja S. part of Gulf of Tongking | 8 |\n| SW. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| Tongking | 8 |\n| W. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| of Hongkong | 8 |\n| NW. of Shanghai | 18 |\n| E. of Hongkong | 8 |\n| Near Shanghai | 19 |\n| of Hongkong | 8 |\n| SE. of Kiusiu | 19 |\n| SE. of Hongkong | 9 |\n| S. of Kiusiu | 19 |\n| E. of Hongkong | 9 |\n| SW. of Kiusiu | 19 |\n| E. of Hongkong | 9 |\n| W. of Kiushu | 19 |\n| of Hongkong | 9 |\n| In SW. Japan | 19 |\n| . of Hongkong | 9 |\n| S. of Nippon | 20 |\n| W. of Hongkong | 9 |\n| In Central Japan | 20 |\n| of Hongkong | 10 |\n| In S. part of Sea of Japan | 20 |\n| W. of Hongkong | 10 |\n| In N. part of Sea of Japan | 20 |\n| ar Hongkong | 10 |\n| Over Western China | 20 |\n| E. of Luzon | 10 |\n| Over Central China | 20 |\n| of Luzon | 10 |\n| Along the Yangtzekiang | 21 |\n| E. of Luzon | 10 |\n| Over Mongolia | 21 |\n| of Luzon |  |\n| Over Manchuria | ... 21 |\n| W. of Luzon | 11 |",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 340,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# Appendix A.\n\n## THE LAW OF STORMS IN THE EASTERN SEAS.\n\n## INTRODUCTION.\n\nThe earliest signs of a typhoon are clouds of the cirrus type—looking like fine hair, feathers, or pale white tufts of wool—travelling from the east or thereabout, their direction backing towards the north, a slight rise in the barometer, clear and dry but hot weather, calms, or very light winds. If cirrus come from W, they prove that there is no typhoon. If they come from the S, then there will be a typhoon more than 600 miles to the southward. This fine weather lasts for days and the first chapter of the following paper treats of the law of storms and was first published in Hongkong in September, 1886. It was read before the British Mercantile Marine Officers' Association on the 17th May, 1893. It is now reprinted with later additions. The second chapter treats of the management of ships in typhoons, and was originally included in the pamphlet on the law of storms.\n\nThe cirrus clouds, which frequently assume fantastic shapes, make their appearance within 1,500 miles of the centre of a typhoon. They show that water-vapour has risen about 6 miles in the atmosphere through the air rising near the centre. It was read as a separate lecture before the Shipmasters' Society, London, on the 1st January, 1896, and is now reprinted with a few additions. The third chapter was printed in the Government Gazette. The fourth and fifth chapters, on different classes of typhoons and on typhoons in the southern part of the China Sea, appeared in \"Zeitschrift für Meteorologie\" in 1891.\n\nPlate I illustrates the different classes of typhoons enumerated in § 4. Figure 1 shows how Cirrus radiate from various directions but when there is a typhoon, and the radiation is very distinct, it is usually from the same direction as the bearing of the centre. The wind blows in a typhoon as determined by aid of observations made at the Hongkong Observatory during 1884-87 inclusive. Figure 2 shows a typhoon in the Formosa Channel on the 21st and 22nd August, 1884.\n\nAn increasing swell in the sea is noticed from 300 to 600 miles from the centre, or farther off; this depends greatly upon the situation of the nearest land, and particularly upon whether land intervenes between the observer and the typhoon centre. The swell arises from the heavy seas that accompany a typhoon and form the real danger to ships, which are usually well fit to stand the force of the wind without too serious damage. As the velocity of waves in the sea is much greater than the velocity of the centre, the swell is frequently of great help in forecasting a typhoon, but it appears that the bearing of the centre is not well determined from the swell; besides, the swell would indicate where the typhoon was at a certain time previous when the waves that caused the swell were raised by the wind.\n\nIt appears that typhoons in the China Sea originate in elongated slight depressions, which sometimes lie across the Philippines as well as the China Sea, but usually exist only over the sea extending sometimes far into the Pacific. To the north of them, it blows moderate NE breezes and south of them somewhat less strongly from the SW. The NE breezes reach generally only as far as northern Formosa in summer, but in autumn, the NE (and farther north, the NW) monsoon blows much farther north.\n\nWithin 600 miles of the centre, the sky is often half overcast with cumulus, above which cirro-stratus is seen, the sky being frequently paled by high and faint cirro-stratus. To the E of these depressions in the Philippines, there are light S and SE breezes. They may also occur to the W. In summer, these depressions begin with rising pressure in the interior of China or in Japan. In autumn, it seems the pressure rises slightly near the equator and wanders E and gradually northward over the China Sea.\n\n| Distance from Centre | Barometer Reading |\n| --- | --- |\n| 40 miles | 29.20 |\n| 50 miles | 29.30 |\n| 100 miles | 29.40 |\n| 200 miles | 29.50 |\n\nThe barometer is generally rising beyond 600 miles of the centre, and the mercury is to fall slowly (seldom as much as a tenth of an inch in 24 hours) in the barometer. The barometer is read little more than a tenth of an inch lower in the axis than along the coasts all round them. Along these coasts, the wind variable, frequently in heavy squalls with great downpour of rain, but thunder is seldom heard.\n\nWithin 300 miles (or in different typhoons between 200 and 400 miles) of the centre, there is a cross sea, which therefore gets up some time before, and lasts longer than the wind. Within 200 miles of the centre, the temperature falls quickly, owing to the heavy roll-cumulus near the E and W end of the elongated depression as the winds there already revolve as in a rotating storm except to the W or E of the centre forming, so that the N or S squalls need to come sometimes abnormally dry, and the sky at the same time presents a peculiar black and luminous appearance.\n\nThe dimensions of different typhoons vary. The approach of the centre is judged by the fall of the mercury in the barometer and by the increase in the strength of the squalls. No conclusions can be drawn with certainty from the reading of the barometer concerning the distance of the centre. The readings differ in different typhoons occurring during the same month. Taking the mean of several typhoons, I obtained the barometer readings as shown in the table.\n\nIt is rather difficult to say whether a depression in the China Sea, when its existence has been ascertained, is a typhoon or only a minor disturbance, but if the following signs are observed as now to be explained, then it is certain to be a typhoon. A minor depression gives signs less marked and more confused.",
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        "content_text": "## \nVery low clouds in a typhoon move with the wind, but if the clouds are higher they move against it, especially if the typhoons that recurve in the China Sea are not taken into account.\n\nA vessel having the centre in front and to either side, but more in towards the centre in rear, experienced a typhoon. A heavy nimbus is not likely to fall in with it again after it has recurved, but it happens to cause heavy squalls, veering or backing regularly; and to windward it has the opposite effect on vessels in the Pacific, especially to such as have suffered damage and been carried all round the centre. The cause of this is obvious when they first met the typhoon.\n\n0.08 to 10, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.11 to 11, 0.12 and above this to 12.\n\n## \n336\n\nThe wind blows from a region where the air pressure is higher towards one where it is lower. Typhoons cease to exist, except as minor depressions, as soon as the centre enters the mainland. It is, however, deflected towards the right in the northern hemisphere. The force of the wind depends upon the difference of pressure between one place and another situated in the direction where the barometric slope or gradient is greatest. The gradient is measured in hundredths of an inch per nautical miles. The force of the wind corresponding to a certain gradient is greater the hotter it is, and is different in a typhoon from what it is in the trade, owing to the path of the air particles.\n\nThe centres of different typhoons often enter the coast in the same place: where it is low, as for instance, the Lien-chau peninsula; near Hailingshan; the Canton river, etc. The typhoons originate storms in hot and damp places near sea-level and over the sea. The steepest gradient usually occurs in the Philippines or crossing Formosa moving from S towards N.\n\nOn the contrary, open channels such as the Balingtang Channel, the Formosa and Korea Channels, have much greater effect on the path. The typhoons are almost logarithmic spirals, but somewhat different from such curves. A gradient of 0.01 corresponds to force 4, 0.02 to 6, 0.03 to 7, 0.04 to 8, 0.05 to 9, 0.06 to 9½, 0.07 to 10, 0.08 to 10, 0.09, 0.10 and 0.11 to 11, 0.12 and above this to 12. It has already been remarked that the progression of a typhoon is the effect of the wind prevailing at the time at or near the earth's surface. Now, the wind rushes with such force through open channels, with high mountains on both sides, as to deflect the typhoons and accelerate their speed. Such velocities are not common at an altitude of 2,000 feet in severe typhoons. Anything above 80 miles per hour is called a typhoon. It is seen that there is as great a difference between the force of one typhoon and another as between a calm and a storm which nearly reaches typhoon force.\n\nWhen a typhoon is blowing it is of great importance to have a house well shut-up. Windows and doors should be firmly locked, bolted and barred. Damage is frequently caused by shutters being out of repair. Once the wind enters a broken window, it begins to blow through and its force is quickly felt. As long as all apertures are thoroughly shut on both sides a fearful howling or whistling is heard, the rain blows in through the smallest openings and the house may shake, but damage is seldom done. Should a fierce squall get the chance to blow into a house, the roof is often the first part to give way. It is believed that pressure falls so quickly outside that the air confined in the house bursts through the roof like an explosion, but there is no foundation for that belief; it is more likely that a fierce squall would break through the windows and doors and through the roofs as well. But if any fear is entertained of the air being confined inside, it is merely necessary to leave the chimneys open so that pressure inside will be nearly the same as on the outside.\n\nIn many typhoons the barometer, reduced to the temperature of freezing water and to sea-level, does not fall below 28.80 inches. In others it falls as low as 28.50. Lower readings are rare, but sometimes it falls much lower.\n\nMost often...\n\nNo typhoon ever stands still. As soon as it is formed, it is carried forward by the prevailing wind. That is why the isobars are elongated, except near the centre where the force of the prevailing wind is of no account. The isobars could be circular only in a stationary typhoon. This is also why typhoons move so as to keep the areas of high barometer on their right, and so as to recede from areas where the barometer is high, and so as to approach low-pressure areas. Typhoons that originate in the Pacific to the East of the Philippines or Formosa move Westward first, then NW, then N, then they recurve to the NE, and beyond Japan they move Eastward. This is under the influence of the high-pressure area in the Northern Pacific, which they rotate around in the same direction as the hands of a watch. When there are two typhoons about at the same time, they rotate round each other in the opposite direction, that is, abstracting from the influence of high-pressure areas, which may cause them to move somewhat differently from this simple rule.\n\nIn the China Sea there is sometimes a low-pressure channel between high pressures in China and in the Southern part of the China Sea. A typhoon in the Pacific at such times is attracted towards the China Sea and passes along the low-pressure channel, because the winds blowing to either side of the channel agree with the winds round the centre of a typhoon, and they move according to the principle of least action. During the typhoon season typhoons follow each other quickly, and there are several at one time raging in different parts of the Far East. Then they cease, and there are maybe none for several weeks; but during the height of the season in August and September that is unusual.\n\nAs explained above, the paths of typhoons in the Pacific look often like parabolas, but those in the China Sea are quite different and the difference must be due to the distribution of land and sea. The latter do not as a rule recurve, i.e., move North-eastward after having moved North-westwards or Northward. Some of them, in fact, disappear in the China Sea after turning to the SW. They recurve between 20 deg. N and 40 deg. N, and between 115 deg. E and 180 deg. E. Dog lighthouse at the Northern entrance to the Formosa Channel is the centre of the region of recurvature.\n\n### \n* Curved lines drawn on a map through places from which the same height (corrected and reduced) of the barometer is reported, between those that report a slightly higher and lower pressure are called isobars. The gradient lies at a right-angle to the isobar. Isobars are one of the most important elements for forecasting the weather. The curvature of isobars indicates the existence of depressions beyond the area where the telegraphic reporting stations are situated, but it is of course impossible to lay down the centre accurately from such data. On land and sea its position and motion can only be guessed at, not known with certainty.\n\n| N | E | Barometer Reading |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 5 | 10 | 29.50 |\n| 6 | 10 | 29.40 |\n| 5 | 9 | 29.59 |\n| ... | ... | 29.30 |\n\n## Typhoon in the Formosa Channel\n1884 August 21-22.\n\n10 \n10",
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        "id": 366011,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 346,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## Instructions for keeping the Meteorological Log\n\nObservations should be made every four hours, and the latitude and longitude of the vessel should be entered at each observation.\n\nMore or less persistent SW winds, at times accompanied by thunderstorms, may be expected when the red cone pointing upwards is hoisted, and ships leaving the port are not likely to run a risk from the typhoon. Sailing vessels bound for the north should start as soon as possible so as to benefit by the southerly breezes to run through the Formosa Channel, and avoid the way round Formosa. By following the latter route a sailer, moreover, runs the risk of falling in with the next typhoon east of Formosa, particularly during the months of August and September.\n\nA cone pointing downwards usually implies fresh E veering to SE winds in Hongkong. As such a typhoon may travel N and NE, the master of a vessel desirous of avoiding bad weather should consult the latest weather-intelligence or remain in port till the barometer rises. Then the danger is past.\n\nIf convenient an observation should be made in or near Hongkong. Observations are required between 10° South and 45° North latitude and between Singapore and E of Greenwich.\n\nWhen a mercurial barometer is read, the thermometer attached to it is also entered. When an aneroid is read, no thermometer reading should be entered. Force of wind is given from 0 to 12, and weather in Beaufort's initials.\n\nWhen a ball is hoisted, ships starting for northern, eastern, or southern ports may expect breezes from E round to S and SW. Those starting for western ports run no risk as long as the glass continues to rise. Should it ever happen to fall, heave to and, if necessary, take refuge in a typhoon anchorage such as Saint John's harbour.\n\nFor further particulars, the “Instructions for making Meteorological Observations prepared for ... in China\" published in 1883 by the writer, may be consulted.\n\n## Forms for Meteorological Observations\n\nThe forms are forwarded free through British Post Offices in China if addressed on service. They should be posted as soon as convenient after the vessel enters Hongkong harbour. Vessels bound for London from ports in the China Sea should post the forms in Singapore.\n\n## Analysis of Weather-Forecasts for 1896\n\nMr. Fico has analysed his weather-forecasts for 1896 with the following results: The results for wind direction, force, and weather are treated separately in the first instance. The forecast wind direction is considered successful if the wind at Gap Rock blows the greater part of the 24 hours from a direction that does not differ more than 45° from the forecast (93% were successful). Forecast wind force: \"light,\" is successful if the mean force registered at Gap Rock is light breeze, or if the wind force does not reach the force of a moderate breeze; \"moderate,\" if the mean is a moderate breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a light breeze and falls short of a strong breeze; \"fresh,\" if the mean is a fresh breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a gentle breeze and falls short of a moderate gale; \"strong\" if the mean is a strong breeze, or if the wind force exceeds a moderate breeze and falls short of a fresh gale; \"gale,\" if it blows more than 10 miles per hour at Gap Rock (93% were successful).\n\nSuccess 67%, partial success 30%, partial failure 2%, total failure 1%. Following the method used in meteorological offices and taking the sum of total and partial success as a measure of success, and the sum of total and partial failure as a measure of failure, we find finally that: 97% of the weather-forecasts were successful.\n\n## Number of Days' Observations\n\nIn 1896, the total number of days' observations made on board 325 ships and forwarded to this Observatory was 18,541 (counting separately those made on board different ships on the same day).\n\n## Use of Barometer and Aneroid\n\nThe surest of all warnings is furnished by the standard barometer on shore and the compensated aneroid on board ship; you are all right if you can put your vessel on the tack that will keep your barometer rising. But in order to understand the indications of the barometer, you will have to keep regular meteorological register. The master of a vessel who does not look at his aneroid till he is in a typhoon, does not derive half the benefits from his observations that he would have enjoyed had he watched it beforehand. He might perhaps have avoided the weather he is now experiencing, or even have benefited by the favourable winds and sailed round the typhoon. No doubt, the time is approaching when underwriters will stipulate that the indications of an aneroid or a marine barometer must be regularly registered on board a vessel insured by them.\n\n## Typhoon Gun\n\nThe amount of success attached to the firing of the typhoon gun to indicate local gales has been determined according to the method adopted at meteorological offices at home. According to this method of counting, the storm-signal is justified if followed by a gale of force 8 and upwards within 48 hours at a place near sea-level within 50 miles of the place where the signal is hoisted. It is a failure because too late if it blows a strong gale (force 9) before the signal is hoisted. According to this way of counting, a failure has to be recorded every time the gun is not fired during the \"Norther,\" although we did not presume to forecast those.\n\n## Weather Forecasting\n\nThe weather is successful when \"fine\" is forecast if the mean amount of clouds is below 7-tenths of the whole sky, if sunshine or starlight prevails, and when it does not rain more than one hour out of twenty-four; when \"fair, cloudy,\" if the amount of clouds exceeds 3-tenths and it does not rain more than one hour; when \"showery,\" if it rains at intervals and is fair at intervals; when \"wet and rainy\" if it rains more than 4 hours (77% were successful). Counting days on which all the elements were correctly forecast as success, those when two elements were justified and one failed as \"partial success,\" those when one element was justified and two failed as \"partial failure,\" and those when all elements failed as \"total failure,\" we have: 97% of the weather-forecasts were successful.\n\n## Marine Barometer and Aneroid\n\nThe tube of the marine barometer has to be so much contracted to stand the incessant pumping and danger of breakage, that the instrument is sluggish and often reads half an inch or more too high near the centre of a typhoon. Some cheap mercurial barometers cannot be registered below a certain height, the cistern being too small to hold the mercury that comes out of the tube, and there is the objection to wooden mercurial barometers that the readings cannot be accurately reduced to freezing point and the temperature correction is larger than in case of instruments made of brass. Of course, some cheap aneroids are no better, and even a first-class compensated instrument requires to be thoroughly verified, as the scale is never quite correct and the readings depend somewhat upon the temperature and in a manner different for each single instrument, so that general tables for correcting freezing point are not available, but they act more quickly than the marine barometer, and for use on board ship, the instrument that is quickest in its indications must be preferred. The objection to the use of the aneroid is founded on the fact that its index-correction changes gradually; but then this can be determined and allowed for by reading it off as often as the vessel enters a port, such as Hongkong, where correct meteorological observations are constantly being made.\n\n## Best Hours for Making Observations\n\nThe best hours for making observations are 4 a.m., 8 a.m., etc., up to midnight inclusive. From 4 a.m. to 10 a.m., the barometer is rising, falling from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., rising from 4 p.m. to 10 p.m., and falling from 10 p.m. to 4 a.m. It reads highest at 10 a.m. and lowest at 4 p.m. The daily variation is twice as great in midwinter as it is in midsummer. During the approach of a typhoon, this regular daily variation may be masked, but it goes on all the same and must be taken into account when the barometer begins to fall before a typhoon. Thus, if it has fallen a certain amount between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m., you must subtract the normal descent between these hours in order to know how much of the fall is due to the approach of the typhoon, and if it were between 4 p.m. and 10 p.m. that it fell, you must add the normal rise for the same purpose.\n\n## Success of Typhoon Gun\n\nThere was 75% of success concerning all the gales and all the times the gun was fired, or 83% success if the \"northers\" be left out of account. This compares favourably with the percentage of success in the British Isles, where only 58% of the warnings are justified by subsequent gales of force 8 and upwards (mean of the 10 years 1884-93 inclusive). This leaves out of account the fact that in those isolated instances, where the gun was not fired, warning was given by notices issued and, of late years, lanterns hoisted.\n\n## Average Paths of Typhoons\n\nIn 1886, I expressed the hope that it might be possible to construct average paths of all the different varieties of typhoons, when a couple of hundred tracks were available. This has just been done on the basis of 244 typhoons, registered during the past 13 years, or on an average 19 typhoons per year. They are distributed among the different months of the year as follows: January ..., February 9, March 1, April 4 (2 per cent), May 10 (4 pc), June 24 (10 p.c.), July 45 (19 p.c.), August 43 (18 p.c.), September 57 (23 pc.), October 31 (18 p.c.), November 22 (9 p.c.), December 8 (2 pc.).\n\n## Typhoon Gun Firings\n\nThe typhoon gun has been fired 27 times one round, since the Observatory was started on 1st January, 1884, i.e., during the past 13 years. During the same period, it has 30 times blown a gale of force 8 and upwards: Once in February (norther), once in June (typhoon), 5 times in July (typhoons), 3 times in August (typhoons), 11 times in September (typhoons), 7 times in October (typhoons), and twice in December (northers).\n\n## On the Different Classes of Typhoons and the Seasons of the Year in Which They Appear\n\n... \nPage 340 \nPage 66 \nPage 27 \nPage 26 \nPage 4 \n$4-ON THE DIFFERENT CLASSES OF TYPHOONS AND THE SEASONS OF THE YEAR IN WHICH THEY APPEAR.",
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        "id": 366012,
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        "document_key": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 347,
        "title": "CO129-281 - Governor Sir Robinson & Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# \n341 \n\nIn 1884 I suggested the division of typhoons into four classes (Comp. \"Observations and Researches made at the Hongkong Observatory in 1884,\" app. M) but the final arrangement of 5 classes could not then be effected.\n\n## § 5.-WINTER TYPHOONS IN THE SOUTHERN PART OF THE CHINA SEA\n\nIn the typhoons of the summer months, the SW monsoon period, which move towards WNW, they originate in the China Sea (most frequently near 18 to 20 N and 113° to 116° E) and the area over which the winds become strong with a decided fall in the barometer is in front of the typhoon or NW in the N part of the China Sea and enter the coast in the neighbourhood of the Gulf of Tongking, or at 15° N and enter, or at least approach the mainland to the W of Hongkong. 10 p.c. of all the typhoons registered belong to this class. They prevail from the middle of July till the middle of October.\n\nThe area over which the winds become strong is generally small. This is accounted for by the low pressure prevailing over the Gulf of Tongking and the continent beyond it. For the same reason the winds in rear are not only stronger but also long continued, the more particularly as it seems that depressions on entering the coast approach the mainland to the W of Hongkong. 12 p.c. of the typhoons belong to this class.\n\nIn the autumn months (September and October) - the NE monsoon period, these conditions are reversed and we find that they originate in the Pacific and enter the China Sea north of 15\" N, move SW and disappear at sea. Only one or two cases of this kind have ever been registered (late in the year) entering the mainland, which is then dry. In consequence, a vessel in front of a typhoon, moving as they do, will usually get much shorter notice of the advance of a typhoon from the barometer in summer than in autumn, and while in summer the bad weather lasts a long time in rear, in autumn it improves rapidly when the centre is past and a strong NE monsoon sets in.\n\nThey originate in the China Sea and move N, but describe vastly different paths, moving in various directions between W, round by N, to ENE. Sometimes they recurve and enter the mainland. They occur from June till the end of September, but they are most common at the beginning of the typhoon season (4 p.c.).\n\nThey originate in the China Sea, where they recurve, and sometimes move into the Pacific off on the E side of the China Sea. They occur from May till September incl. (2 p.c.). Typhoons of classes Ia and Ic (26 p.c. of all typhoons) are frequently felt in Hongkong.\n\n## CLASS II\n\nThey originate in the Pacific, enter the China Sea north of 15° N, and enter China to the N or W of Hongkong. They occur in July, August, and September (2 p.c.).\n\nThey originate in the Pacific and move into the Formosa Channel. They occur from July till September incl., and are most common in August and September (7 p.c.).\n\nThey originate in the Pacific, pass N of Formosa, and enter China. They occur from June till September, with a distinct maximum in July (3 p.c.).\n\nThey originate in a high latitude in July and August and move W-ward into China (4 p.c.). With the exception of IIa, which sometimes cause fierce SW gales in Hongkong, typhoons of Class II are not dangerous to this Colony.\n\n## CLASS III\n\nThese typhoons originate and rage mainly in the Pacific.\n\nThey enter the coast of Luzon but recurve (usually before the centre enters the China Sea). They prevail in October and November (1 1/2 p.c.).\n\nThey enter the coast of Formosa but recurve, usually in October (1 p.c.).\n\nThey move N and enter Korea in July, August, and September (4 p.c.).\n\nThey recurve in the Pacific and enter Japan between June and October incl. They are frequent in August and September (15 p.c.).\n\nThey remain in the Pacific. They occur from May till December incl. Their average latitude decreases on the whole with the altitude of the midday-sun. 10 p.c. of all the typhoons registered belong to this class, but there must be many that are not met by ships and are therefore not registered. Their prevalence may be estimated at 12 1/2 p.c.).\n\n## CLASS IV\n\nIVa originate in the China Sea south of 15° N and move towards Hainan and Annam. They occur from May till December incl., but are rarely encountered in August (8 p.c.). In November they often originate in about 11° N and 116° E.\n\nIVb originate in the Pacific and enter the China Sea south of 15° N. They are less common than those originating in the China Sea, as the long passage across the southern Philippines tends to break them up. They occur at the beginning and end of the typhoon season (3 p.c.).\n\nIVc enter the China Sea after crossing the Philippines in a low latitude, and then move SW and disappear at sea. They occur from the beginning of September till the beginning of December, but are most common in November (4 1/2 p.c.).\n\nIVd recurve in the China Sea and re-enter the Pacific. They occur at the beginning and end of the typhoon season but mostly in May (4 p.c.).\n\nIVe occur in the Gulf of Siam in April and December (1 p.c.).\n\nThe accompanying plate illustrates the average paths of these different kinds of typhoons. The average rate of progress in 24 hours is also marked, but it must be remembered that individual typhoons move in very irregular orbits, whose vagaries have disappeared from the average paths. Also, they travel at very different rates. It is presumably as useful to the travelling public, and the freight carrying public to know where and when typhoons prevail, as to the weather-forecaster, who in default of present observations reaching him by wire, must forecast according to such paths as these.\n\nPage 341 \nPage 120 \n1891 Nov 15.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "page_number": 22,
        "title": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "## \nbut a large amount of ammunition and two Nordenfelts from the Ordnance stores.\n\nStarting at 7, they were round by 8:30 a.m., and pushed right up to the head of Tytam inner harbour. The Swift moored head and stern, with her head about E.S.E., hauled close in to the rocky shore to the southward in less than two fathoms, being coals and provisioned, and their ammunition put on board. After consultation with the General, the Commodore had started them off at 7 a.m. round by D'Aguilar for Tytam Bay. De Horsey was in command of the Swift, with 25 of his own men, two R.N.R. officers from the Empress of India (Messrs Tootham and Roswald). Sub.-Lt. Dayley of the Plover was in charge of the Rattler with Mr Nartlew, Chief Boatswain of the Yard, and an R.N.R. officer (Mr Atkinson) from the Radnorshire, with the remainder of the Plover's crew,—60 merchant seamen R.N.R. and others were in the Swift, and 30 in the Rattler. Only one Engineer was sent in each vessel, Messrs Mallett and Irish respectively, as the ships had only to get to Tytam; for the same reason only a small supply of coal was put on board, and no great quantity of provisions and water, they were both flying light. She was protected to the southward by the rocky peninsula from fire from the bay. To attack her, vessels would have to come round the point exposed at two cables' distance to her whole port broadside. The Rattler was hauled further in towards Tytam Tuk, but on the northern shore in 9 feet—moored head and stern, head to the S.W. Her port broadside also swept the passage to the Swift, and her small Gardner in the foretop covered the Shaukiwan Road. Steam was only kept for the dynamos.\n\n|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n| O | Ratt |\n| Ty Lam HS |  |\n| Swift |  |\n| Badou |  |\n| Tytam Bay |  |\n| Q |  |\n| 5 | 10 cables. 1 mile |\n| 95 -- |  |\n\nA party was landed to make a redoubt on the rocky hill south of the Swift, armed with the two Nordenfelts, a thousand Artillerymen, 7,000 men in all—the crews of the four vessels amounted to another thousand men. The redoubt commanded the cove to the south and the Shaukiwan Road to the right, as well as preventing the enemy pouring fire right down on to the deck of the Swift. The troopers were escorted by the three destroyers, Borgo, Revel, and Seaborg. The Orel, of the Russian volunteer fleet, had been despatched from Vladivostock on the 7th inst. for Saigon, as the French were short of transport. The Russian expedition left Vladivostock on the 15th, and going down outside-cast of Formosa, the allies were to rendezvous twenty miles south of the Gap Rock at 4 p.m. on the 23rd. Akinoff could or would give no details as to the French forces. As a fact, the French brought up 10,000 men in six ships, including the Orel (of 2,850 tons), conveyed by the cruisers Descartes and Eclaireur, and the foreign old ironclad Triomphante, the reserve ship in Saigon.\n\nThe Commodore, with the Master Attendant, towed down the nine German merchant steamers and the one French sailing ship (the Du Guesclin), and moored them in a double line across the Lyemun passage, heavy cables being passed along then, taken in astern and passed out of the hawse-holes forward. The ends were secured ashore. The shore ends being floated on cargo boats left no openings at all. The Harbour Master and Staff Commander Jones moored the eight other steamers and a Hawaiian barque similarly across the Sulphur Channel.\n\nWe wanted to torpedo boats in in the night. About 5 a.m., Dover (the Assistant Harbour Master) and Robinson (the senior boarding officer) were sent out in two launches, the Gladiator and Vancouver, to see what had become of the enemy. Robinson went into Picnic Bay in Lama Island, and had a long and hot walk over the hills. Dover kept on round by the Fast side of Lama, and coming round Green Hummock into S.E. bay, came plump on the Destroyer Sveaborg; she opened fire smartly on the launch, killing two men, and sinking the Gladiator before she could be turned round. Two of her crew ashore and succeeded in rejoining Robinson. The Seaborg proceeded South to the Gap Rock about 7 a.m.\n\nAmongst the wounded in our hands was General Akinoff, second in command of the Russian expeditionary force—the Commander in Chief, General Grombetchsky, had been killed. General Akinoff was quite willing to communicate the facts as to the Russian forces—they had consisted of the regiments of Nerehitusk and Tomsk and a small Russian regiment numbers 3,003—and the French forces—the French Commander-in-Chief, General Morbleu, assumed the supreme control. All the new arrivals began hoisting out torpedo and troop boats. The Eclaireur was despatched to the Eastward, where she subsequently captured the Sungkiang (Capt. Dodd) and the Verona (Capt. Tocque). The wounded were hoisted out for landing and tents to be... \n\nPage 21",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-292 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 354,
        "title": "CO129-292 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "Entrance to Amoy Harbour is marked by a line of rocks and islands that extend across the mouth, leaving a channel about 1000 yards wide on the Western side. Further to the East, there is a smaller channel practicable for ships but never used by them. The width of the harbour varies from 9000 yards at the mouth to 4500 near the entrance to the inner harbour. The inner harbour is entered by two channels, one on the South of Kulangsu, used with an ebb tide, and the other round the Northern end of the same island, used with a flood tide. The rise and fall of the tide is 21 feet, and the depth of the channel varies from 17 to 10 fathoms. The width of the channel between the 5-fathom line at the entrance is 5200 yards and at the entrance to the inner harbour, 4200 yards. The trade of Amoy is almost entirely tea, brought over from Formosa. The bulk of the mercantile firms are British, one being German.\n\nThe defences of Amoy consist of six forts, four being on the island of Amoy and two on the mainland on the Western side of the harbour.\n\nThe four on Amoy Island comprise:\n\nFort Rehshik, situated at the Southernmost end of Amoy Island, immediately opposite the entrance to the outer harbour. It is armed with one 17-centimetre Krupp breech-loader and one English gun by Blakesby & Co., apparently an 8-inch, but it is out of repair and unserviceable. The Krupp gun is in good condition and quite serviceable, with 200 rounds of ammunition. The fort is built on the edge of the water at an elevation of about 50 feet. The distance to the entrance is 7000 yards, far too much for the present type of gun to be of any use. There is also barrack accommodation for the troops and water in the fort.\n\nFort Fowleso is situated on a point called Cliff Point at an elevation of about 60 feet. It is entered on the North side through a gate in a castellated wall. The road then turns down the hill and passes through a gate at the bottom into the inner fort where the barracks for the troops are situated. Its armament consists of two 28-centimetre breech-loading Krupp guns and two 12-centimetre breech-loaders by the same maker and dated 1875. The two 28-c.m. guns are mounted on barbettes in circular pits about 8 feet deep. The traversing and elevating numbers also, all the higher numbers, work in the pit, but the gun is loaded from the parapet. The guns are 25 yards apart and are flanked on each side at a distance of 7 yards by the 12-c.m. guns.\n\nThe guns seem to be in good condition; there are 130 rounds. The range to the entrance is about 8000 yards and to the centre of the channel, about 3000 yards.\n\nThe barracks were clean and seemed large enough to accommodate 300 men. The 12-c.m. guns would only be of service in case of a boat attack. The front of the fort is unprotected and could be easily taken from the South side. The depth of the ditch is about 6 feet. The stores and ammunition are well protected in bomb-proof casemates. Each gun has 320 rounds, and the 28-c.m. takes a charge of 350 lbs. One shot was fired from this gun at a range of 10,000 metres. The line was good. The loading and firing were done expeditiously and well. There is a French Range finder in the Fort, but apparently, no one knows how to use it.\n\nPwan Shok fort is a mile from Fowleso and is situated at an elevation of 30 feet close to the water's edge. It is armed with two 21-centimetre Krupp breach-loaders pivoted on front pivots. The guns are placed on a parapet and have a low parapet of masonry in front of them. They are clean and in a serviceable condition and likely to be of use if properly handled.\n\nLiau Kan Yong Fort is about 400 yards from Pwan Shek and armed with old...\n\nPage 352\n\n22305\n\nRECEIVED\n\n21 AUG 19...\n\n \n \n\n \n\nPage 353",
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        "document_key": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 23,
        "title": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# Hongkong General Chamber of Commerce.\n\nHongkong, 28th April\n\nSir,\n\n17629\n\nReferring to previous correspondence on the question of the imposition by the Formosan Government of a discriminating duty on teas shipped from Formosa to the United States or Europe via Chinese ports or Hongkong, this Chamber is in receipt of a further communication from the Amoy Chamber of Commerce stating that this duty is still being levied, in spite of protests on the subject.\n\nI am therefore instructed to submit to your Excellency that the principle of imposing a variable duty on different routes is a distinct infringement of par. 2 of art. VIII. of the Treaty of 1894, which provides for the perfect equality of treatment of articles of export whatever the route or place of destination, and to express the hope that you will be able to induce the Japanese Government to relinquish the attempt to divert the export of Formosan teas from the channel it has for many years taken, and which has proved most convenient to those engaged in the trade.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient servant,\n\n(sgd) R. M. Gray\nChairman\n\n## To His Excellency\nE. Satow, K.c.m.g.\nH.M's Minister Plenipotentiary",
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    {
        "id": 394241,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904",
        "content_text": "229\n\nsent to work the steam winch. This necessitated stitches being put in by the doctor.\n\nI asked the Chief Officer on this occasion to get the Captain to send me to England, it being impossible to work under the existing circumstances.\n\nHis reply to this request was that he had already done so, but that the Captain had told him he could not do this; he also added that it was his intention to get me cut off the ship by some means, as it was unlikely the ship would ever lay another cable, but would be used only for repairing that he could get two men for the same or less wages than I was receiving, and that this would suit him better.\n\nThe ship left Singapore and proceeded to carry out surveying operations between the Philippine Islands and the Formosa Channel; these operations extending over a period of four weeks.\n\nDuring this time I was suffering from a troublesome internal complaint, and weakness; being treated by the doctor, who informed me that whilst being fully aware of the state of affairs existing between the Chief Officer and myself, he was powerless to assist me other than by giving me medicine.\n\nThis persecution on the part of the Chief Officer continued during the whole of the time.\n\nThe ship arrived in Hong Kong on the evening of Febry. 24th and remained in quarantine until the morning of February 25th.\n\nAt 9 a.m. on the 25th instant, I received orders from the Chief Officer to fill up the fresh water tanks. This necessitated the taking off of eight manhole doors, one from each tank and each weighing from 80 lbs to 100 lbs. This I would point out is certainly the work of two men, one being required to hold the weight of the door,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-325 - Public Offices & Others - 1904.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 396532,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-328 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 612,
        "title": "CO129-328 - Governor Nathan - 1905 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure 3\n\nExtract from the \"South China Morning Post\" of the 8th June, 1905\n\n## ON A RUSSIAN CRUISER\n\n### Experiences of the Captured Crew of the Oldhamia\n\n#### Chief Officer's Interesting Narrative\n\nYesterday the Douglas Steamship Company's s.s. Haiching landed in the Colony 28 distressed British seamen, part of the crew of the British steamer Oldhamia, which, as already reported, is supposed to have been sunk by the Baltic Fleet.\n\nA representative of the \"South China Morning Post\" succeeded in obtaining an interview with Mr. James Ison, chief officer of the ill-starred vessel, who kindly furnished a highly interesting and detailed from-day-to-day account of the adventure.\n\nMr. Ison, after stating that he had just concluded a recital of his experiences to His Excellency the Governor, went on as follows:\n\nThe Oldhamia is a British steamer of 2,347 tons nett register, and she was bound from New York to Yokkaichi in Japan with a cargo of case oil. Our last port of call was Port Said and, when we entered the China Sea, we had no thought of anything but the speedy termination of our long voyage. Everything went well until the evening of May 18, when, to our utter astonishment, we sighted the Baltic Fleet comprising 48 ships. We were quickly signalled to stop by the cruiser Oleg. Our first feelings were of wonderment that the Baltic Fleet still existed in such strength. Previous to leaving Port Said, we heard that they had passed through the Malacca Straits and we were surprised to find that they had not yet met the Japanese. We were confident that, when they met the Japanese, there would not be much left of them and subsequent events have justified our belief. Our feelings quickly changed to annoyance and dismay.\n\nThe Oldhamia was boarded by the officers of the Oleg who, after examining the papers and interviewing the captain, exchanged signals at length with the Fleet. The order was then given for the Oleg and the Oldhamia to join the Fleet and keep in company with it. We were astounded when we found that the ship was to be detained. Captain Stewart strongly protested, but no notice whatsoever was taken of him. From the very moment they came aboard, I surmised that their minds were fully made up to keep the ship.\n\nAt six o'clock on the morning of the 19th, the Fleet stopped about 150 miles south of Formosa. (When we met the Fleet, I omitted to say, we were making for the Bashee Channel.) We were boarded by several officers and many men from different ships. Some men opened the hatches and started to take cargo out with the idea, I presume, of ascertaining its nature. Later in the morning, after an exchange of signals, a collier was sent alongside the Oldhamia and commenced to transfer coal into the Oldhamia's bunkers. At eleven o'clock, the whole crew, with the exception of the captain, chief engineer, steward, and cook, were ordered to leave the ship, which they did, and were transferred to the cruiser Dnieper, formerly the St. Petersburg, the famous Volunteer Fleet cruiser connected with the P. and O. Malacca hold-up. All that day (the 19th) the collier continued to put coal on board the Oldhamia - the Fleet standing by - and towards evening the whole Fleet got under weigh and steamed towards the northeast.\n\nWe asked the officers of the Russian cruiser to give us some information as to our ultimate fate or as to their intentions, but received only evasive replies.\n\nOn the 20th, we kept in company with the Fleet still steaming northeast at various speeds.\n\nOn the 21st, information was conveyed to us that the balance of our crew (the four mentioned) had been transferred to one of the other ships of the Russian squadron.\n\nThe Oldhamia was not in sight on the 22nd and, on making inquiries, I was informed by one of the Russian... \n\nC. O.\n25020\n10...0\n\nPage 604\n17 JUL 05",
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    {
        "id": 414484,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-348 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 395,
        "title": "CO129-348 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1908 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# REPORT BY DIRECTOR OF OBSERVATORY\n\nThe typhoon which struck the Colony on the night of the 27th to 28th July last was possibly formed on the 25th to the Eastward of the Balingtang Channel. But as this typhoon must undoubtedly be classed as one of small area, in the absence of any data from the Pacific, this cannot be certainly affirmed. There is, in any case, no evidence whatever of its existence prior to the 25th. On this day a slight fall of the barometer took place in Luzon and S. Formosa, although pressure remained slightly above the normal over both areas.\n\nOn the morning of the 26th a sharp fall, amounting to just over a tenth of an inch since the previous day, was noted at Koshun (S. Formosa) 29.71, and at Aparri (N. Coast of Luzon) 29.69, and the wind circulation, a strong N.E. breeze at the former, and a light S. breeze at the latter station, gave evidence, in conjunction with pressure conditions over surrounding areas, of the existence of a depression in the Balingtang Channel. The position assigned to the centre on our Weather map was 19 N., 121° E., and information in accordance therewith was issued in Hongkong and the shipping notified by signals at 10.45 a.m.\n\nThe afternoon observations received from Koshun and Aparri indicated some movement of the depression to the Westward. The barometer had risen at both stations, the wind had veered to E., a strong breeze at Koshun (bar. 29.73) while a light S.W. air blew at Aparri (bar. 29.73).\n\n| Location        | Barometer Reading | Wind Direction | Wind Force |\n|-----------------|-------------------|---------------|------------|\n| Koshun          | 29.73             | E.            | Strong     |\n| Aparri          | 29.73             | S.W.          | Light      |\n\nHigh pressure lay over the Pacific between the Bonin and Loochoo islands on this day, an area of low pressure was situated over Manchuria, while conditions over S. China were practically normal.\n\nThe morning observations of the 27th showed a moderate increase of pressure in Luzon (Aparri 29.78, wind S.E., a light air, clear sky). The observations from Koshun did not reach the Observatory, but at Swatow the barometer read 29.71, wind N.E. force 1. In Hongkong, where pressure had given way two hundredths of an inch only, during the past 24 hours and was below the normal by the same amount, the barometer at 10 a.m. read 29.75, wind E. force 1. At Gap Rock a gentle breeze blew from N.E. These observations faintly indicated the existence of the depression but gave no clue whatever as to its severe character. It was believed to be situated at that time about 300 miles to the S.E. of the Colony and notice to that effect was given, and the Red signals were hoisted at 12.15 p.m.\n\nPressure on this day had weakened slightly but was still high over the Pacific between the Bonins and Loochoos. The Manchurian depression had moved to the N.E. and a slight increase of pressure had taken place over N. China. In the South the only abnormal feature was the light N.E. wind along the S. coast of China.\n\nPerhaps the best evidence of the existence of the typhoon was furnished by clouds. The morning broke fine, the sky being almost cloudless. Shortly after noon a bank of clouds of the cirro-stratus type was observed bearing S.E. by E., its advancing edge being at an altitude of about 30°. At 4 p.m. this pall had covered nearly the whole sky except just above the N.W. horizon where it was still clear. A few patches of alto-cumulus below it were seen to be coming from N.E. by E. in the afternoon. The direction however was backing, a significant fact. At 6 p.m. they came from N.E. by N. and it was then that the Black signals were hoisted.\n\nThe barometer, still only 0.02 inch below the normal at 4 p.m., now began to fall and the wind, which had been chiefly a light breeze from E. during the day, shifted to the North. Gap Rock at 4 p.m. reported \"slight swell from S.E.\", the wind there at the time being a gentle breeze from N.E. At the same hour Waglan reported a moderate breeze from E.N.E. At 6 p.m. it blew a fresh breeze from N.N.E. at Waglan and a gentle breeze from N. at Gap Rock, the swell still being reported from the latter station as \"slight from S.E.\". It thus appears that sea swell in this instance had not outrun the advancing storm to any considerable distance. Rain commenced to fall at the Observatory at 8 p.m.\n\nThe following observations show the conditions prevailing at 9 p.m. Observatory barometer 29.64, wind North force 5, Waglan 29.58, N.N.W. 7, Gap Rock 29.57, N.N.W. 6. The swell reported by the latter station was now moderate from E.S.E. These observations appeared to indicate the probability of the typhoon centre reaching the coast in the neighbourhood of the Colony, and I then wired a message to that effect to Hongkong for distribution. The barometer at the Observatory still read only 0.12 inch below normal, but the gradient between here and the lighthouses was increasing.\n\nThe barometer now commenced to fall quickly and the wind to rise and at 11.15 p.m. (Standard Time) No. 3 night signal, accompanied by the firing of three bombs, was made. This indicated that the gale then blowing was likely to increase to full typhoon force.\n\n| Time          | Barom. at M.S.L. | Wind Dir. | Velocity (Miles per hour) |\n|---------------|------------------|-----------|---------------------------|\n| July 27th, 6 p.m. | 29.65           | N.        | 8                        |\n| 7             | 29.65           | N.        | 12                       |\n| 8             | 29.63           | N.        | 17                       |\n| 9             | 29.64           | N.        | 26                       |\n| 10            | 29.60           | N.        | 39                       |\n| 11            | 29.49           | N.        | 53                       |\n| midnt.        | 29.24           | N.E. by N.| 75                       |\n| July 28th, 1 a.m. | 28.93        | E.S.E.    | 72*                      |\n| 2             | 29.30           | S.S.E.    | 81                       |\n| 3             | 29.48           | S.S.E.    | 54                       |\n| 4             | 29.58           | S. by E.  | 42                       |\n| 5             | 29.63           | S. by E.  | 36                       |\n| 6             | 29.67           | ...       | 23                       |\n\nThe barometric minimum, 28.85, occurred at 1 hr. 3 m. a.m. The wind moderated somewhat at about 1 a.m.--the direction was veering quickly towards S.E. and S.--but rose again a few minutes later and blew with greater fury than before, the squalls being not only terrific but also of long duration. Between 1.15 a.m. and 1.45 a.m. the wind began to moderate. It is probable that the greater part of the damage on shore occurred during this interval. In the Observatory compound nearly all the damage was caused by the S.S.E. wind, trees and other debris falling towards N.W. and N.N.W.\n\nRain which practically ceased to fall between midnight and 1 a.m. set in again at the latter hour, and lightning which had been first observed at 11 p.m. continued until 2 a.m. With the exception of the typhoon of September 18th, 1906, this is the only occasion on which lightning has been observed here near the centre of a typhoon during the past 25 years. Thunder was not heard.\n\nObservations subsequently received from Waglan and Gap Rock show that it blew with full typhoon force at the former station, from N.E. at midnight and from E.N.E. at 1 a.m., the barometer falling to 28.70 at the latter hour. At Gap Rock typhoon force was not recorded. The lowest barometer reading, 29.24, occurred at 1 a.m. with the wind a whole gale (force 10) from West, and subsequently at 2 a.m. and 3 a.m. from S.W., it began to moderate. The gradient between the Observatory and Waglan at midnight was equivalent to just over half an inch in 15 miles.\n\nThese observations show that the centre of the typhoon passed within a distance of 10 miles to the Southward of the Observatory near 1 a.m.\n\nSubsequently at about 7 a.m. the typhoon passed to the South and West of Canton. It had probably filled up to some extent but was still a severe storm.\n\n* The record of wind velocity is not reliable probably from midnight. The spindle carrying the cups snapped just above the supporting arms at some time during the night. The cups however continued to revolve, but loss of speed during the high velocities is certain to have occurred.",
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    {
        "id": 416310,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 475,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "*\n\n463\n\nthat some Japanese had come down to Prates from Formosa, and had been, a few days later, with their junk blown back by a typhoon up the Formosan Channel to Amoy, Mr. Newman's agent at Hong Kong sent a Japanese expert named Hasébé Tetsunosaké to see if any of his countrymen remained there, if the flag and cairn still stood, and to prospect and report generally.\n\nHasébé found the Island untenanted, though the flag had disappeared, whilst the cairn remained untouched. He returned very shortly to Hong Kong, with some 5 tons of Phosphate and a fair quantity of shell. Mr. Newman was at this time absent from Hong Kong, being down in the Gulf of Tonkin.\n\nA second expedition of Japanese from Formosa reached the island about the month of June, where their junk was wrecked and the crew marooned till taken off by a Japanese steamer detailed for that service.\n\nAs the result of the reports brought back to Formosa",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
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    {
        "id": 434793,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\nMessrs. Hanson McNeill and Jones to Consul-General Fraser.\n\nDear Mr. Fraser,\n\nShanghai, February 8, 1911.\n\nMy clients, the opium merchants, are anxious to know whether (1) any reply has been received from the Minister, and whether any telegram has been sent to the Viceroy of India, (2) whether you have yet communicated with the Taotai on the subject of regulations.\n\nI should have come to see you to-day on the matter had I not been very busy preparing for the hearing of an action to-morrow.\n\nYours, &c.\nLOFTUS JONES.\n\n## Enclosure 5 in No. 1\n\nMessrs. Hanson McNeill and Jones to Consul-General Fraser.\n\nSir,\n\nShanghai, February 22, 1911.\n\nREFERRING to previous correspondence herein on the subject of the opium trade, we beg to inform you that we are advised that during last year 16,222 chests of Patua opium and 6,470 chests of Benares opium, making a total of 22,692 chests, were imported into Hong Kong. Of these it is estimated that 900 chests were consumed in Hong Kong, and that 21,792 were exported from that place.\n\nWe are further informed that the Government of India has issued a notification that it will reduce the number of chests of Benares opium, which it will sell per month from July to December of this year. This of course is in our client's view a ridiculously small reduction, though the fact that a reduction has been notified indicates that the Government is prepared to consider the grievances of the merchants. Even this small reduction of fifty chests per mensem is, however, not in reality a reduction of more than twenty, as thirty of the chests are to go direct to Formosa, which country has up to the present been supplied by the merchants and not direct by the Indian Government.\n\nThe number of chests of Benares opium auctioned each month by the Government is 1,360. You will observe that it is a matter of considerable importance to know whether Hong Kong is considered by the Government of India as a China port. We think that we have made it clear in our letter of the 25th January that it is an injustice to British importers here that a larger quantity of opium should be sold monthly by the Indian Government than according to the regulations made there can possibly be legitimate outlet for, and while the reduction which has now been notified recognises in principal the justice of the merchants' complaints, it is a very inadequate provision against the great amount of smuggling that will probably take place under the new regulations.\n\nWe are informed that the merchants in Calcutta have protested against the arrangements indicated by the notification referred to above, and our clients are desirous of having their protests also recorded, and we are asked to request that you will convey to the Government of India through the proper channel an expression of the merchants' dissatisfaction at the smallness of the reduction.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\nHANSON MCNEILL AND JONES.\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1\n\nConsul-General Fraser to Mr. Jones.\n\nDear Mr. Jones,\n\nShanghai, February 9, 1911.\n\nIN reply to your letter of yesterday, I have to state that His Majesty's Minister has not informed me what communication, if any, he made to the Government of India on receipt of my telegram of the 26th ultimo, sent at the request of your clients.\n\nFor my own information I should feel obliged if you would tell me whether the earmarking of a certain number of chests as destined for China is a new departure, and whether your clients have precise information in regard to the issue of certificates for certain chests, that only such chests will be allowed to be openly brought into China, and that such chests may not be taken to other consuming areas.\n\nIt would also be a convenience if your clients could inform me of the average number of chests used at destinations other than China proper, i.e., including Hong Kong as another destination during the last five years.\n\nThe reply to your earlier letter as to opium regulations in Kiangsu is being copied.\n\nI have, &c.\nE. D. H. FRASER.\n\n## Original Text Preceding Enclosures\n\n2\n\nThere are no advices to hand with regard to the price at which the Government purposes to sell these 16,000 chests, but it is presumed that they will be auctioned in the ordinary way, and very probably will fetch considerably less than the chests sold with China export licences. The surplus stock must be disposed of, and will probably be smuggled; in any case it will be a danger to the trade. Further, it is not clear whether Hong Kong is considered by the Indian Government a port of China or a non-Chinese port.\n\nThe British merchants here interested in the trade (the amount represented by the stocks on hand alone will be seen by reference to previous letters) feel that the Indian Government should take immediate steps to adequately protect the merchants' interests in view of the fact that the Government makes enormous profits out of the trade compared with those the merchants earn, and consider that the existing condition of affairs constitutes a distinct injustice to them and the trade.\n\nWe may mention that a telegram was recently sent by the Governor of Hong Kong, at the request of the opium merchants at Hong Kong, to the Viceroy of India on the subject of excessive sales, and our clients are anxious that the Government of India should know at the earliest possible moment that the merchants here support the objection to sales for non-Chinese ports being in excess of legitimate requirements. We should be indebted to you if you would supply us with a copy of the telegram dispatched by you or by His Majesty's Minister as the case may be.\n\nWe have, &c.\n\nHANSON MCNEILL AND JONES.",
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    {
        "id": 462497,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 286,
        "title": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "## 281\n\nThe packages in question, escorted by a guard of Portuguese soldiers, were placed in a junk and towed by a Portuguese Government towboat and duly shipped on board the \"China\" which was anchored in Chinese waters about 2 miles to the N.W. of Chung Chao (Luang) Island. The Customs officer in charge of the cruising launch \"Paktou\" then went on board the \"China\" and asked the Captain to give a receipt for the 132 chests of Prepared Opium. This he refused to do, the Chief Officer saying that the contents was not opium but Imitation Opium which had been shipped. As my officer then got suspicious he asked for a case to be opened, which was done by the Chief Officer of the \"China\" himself. The contents was a brown mixture in tins which was supposed by my officer to be opium but he had had no experience of the drug. The Captain then gave a receipt for 132 cases of Chinese merchandise and the ship sailed for America, via Shanghai. But on arrival at that port the Captain of the \"China\" informed the Commissioner of Customs there that but for the supervision of the shipment by the Lappa Customs cruiser he would have thrown these 132 packages overboard in the Formosa channel. That he received them on board his ship on the instructions from the Hongkong Agents of the steamer, and that he gave no receipt to the shippers or a Bill of Lading for them. He was unable to say who the shippers were and knew nothing of their contents or the reason for which they were to be thrown overboard. The cases contained tins more or less full of a sticky mixture resembling molasses, but no opium at all. The Manifest, signed by the Captain, read \"132 packages Chinese Medicine. For discharge on the High Seas\". In other words to be thrown overboard.\n\nOn the 8th ultimo the above information was given by me to His Excellency the Governor of Macao who at once caused an enquiry to be made by the Colonial Secretary and the Chief Justice. The Attorney General, I believe, is now preparing a case for prosecution against the Opium Farmer.\n\nTwo sample cases of this so-called opium have been received by me intact from the Commissioner of Customs at Shanghai, and on the 12th instant these cases were opened in my office in the presence...",
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    {
        "id": 477921,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "page_number": 158,
        "title": "CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918",
        "content_text": "## Ordinance No. 90\nMakes it possible for the Governor-General of Corea to delegate to the South Manchuria Railway Company the construction, improvement, upkeep and transport, and incidental business of the railways under his control.\n\nThese ordinances all take effect from the day of promulgation.\n\n## Enclosure 2 in No. 1\n### Official Statement\nON the 30th July an official statement of the reasons which led the Government to reform the system of colonial administration was issued to the press. A summary of this statement, translated from the version appearing in the \"Asahi\" of 31st July, is given below.\n\n## I\nAlthough the institutions and administration of the Japanese Government and people in Manchuria have made progress year by year since the Russo-Japanese war, it is deeply to be regretted that this progress has yet been slow of late and complete success has not been obtained. The causes may be manifold, but the chief of them is to be found in the evils of the so-called tripartite administration.\n\n### The Evils of Tripartite Administration\nNow, in South Manchuria the Kwantung Government-General was established for the purpose of administering the leased territory of Kwantung Province and of directing the protection and management of the districts bordering on and attached to the South Manchuria Railway; the South Manchuria Railway Company (Limited) was founded to conduct the work of railway transport and also to carry on the administration of the districts attached to the railway, and the consular officers were stationed at Mukden and other places of importance and charged with the protection of Japanese subjects. These three institutions strove to execute their functions side by side, as the result whereof discord and obstruction were occasioned, and it was impossible to bring the plans of the Government and people into agreement. Therefore it is a fundamental measure for the development of Manchuria and, moreover, a pressing duty of the moment to bring about the combination and unification of these three organs. Especially if we wish to secure the practical results of the new Sino-Japanese Convention of May 1915 relating to Manchuria and South Mongolia and to extend the rights of Japan, it is essential first to bring the three organs to work in agreement and to approach the undertaking in harmony and mutual assistance. The Government have accordingly on this occasion amended the organisation of the Kwantung Government-General and have placed the Governor-General in control of the business of the Manchurian railways. Hitherto also, of course, the Governor-General of Kwantung has had official authority to supervise the business of the Manchurian railways, but this right of supervision was nominal only, and consequently the Governor-General has been placed in control of all the business of the Manchurian railways, and it has been arranged that a chief director shall carry on that business under the orders of the Governor-General.\n\n### Special Appointment of Consuls\nIn order to bring the consular officers into touch with the aforementioned two organs and to cause them to work in co-operation, the Government have issued comprehensive instructions and determined that no miscalculation shall occur in the co-ordinated action of these various organs. Moreover, by opening a channel for the special appointment as consuls and vice-consuls of persons familiar with local conditions they have striven to secure success in practice.\n\n### Reform of the Police System\nFurthermore, in order to improve the police system in South Manchuria, the ordinary police and the gendarmerie have been united. Not only is this also in agreement with the idea of co-ordination of the administrative organisation previously referred to, but at any rate persons familiar with the conditions in these regions will generally agree that the special circumstances of Manchuria require still more the co-operation of both bodies of police. Although some people say that the police system has been changed and the gendarmerie system adopted, this is a misunderstanding of persons unacquainted with the true condition. In a word, the reform of the organisation of the Kwantung Government-General is nothing else but the determination to place the development of Manchuria in conjunction with other institutions, and to secure the practical results of the new Sino-Japanese Convention.\n\n### Arrangement of Financial Organs\nAt the same time, the Government have organised the formation of organs for the circulation of money essential to the development of Manchuria, thereby solving a question that has been outstanding for years. That is to say, the Government have extended the business objects of the Oriental Colonisation Company; they have caused the company to establish a branch in Mukden and make it the central pivot chiefly for the circulation of money in real estate in Manchuria. In conjunction with this, the Government have caused the Bank of Chosen to open branches and agencies at important places in Manchuria, and especially to station a director permanently at Dairen, whose duties will be solely the financing of business. The Government are resolved to zealously assist the promotion of industries and to advance the economic interests of both China and Japan, leading to the realisation of mutual friendship.\n\n## II\n### Unification of the Corean and Manchurian Railways\nThe Corean railways and the South Manchuria Railway are an important trunk line of a great continental railway which passes through Corea, intersects Manchuria, and then connects with the Russian railways. The Corean railways are not a local organ of communication which ought to stop at the Yalu, nor is the Antung-Mukden line an independent organ of communication which should go no farther than Antung. By making the through traffic between these two systems closely connected will it be possible for the first time to manifest the natural possibilities of the Manchurian and Corean organs of communication. Recently the traffic in passengers and goods between Manchuria and Corea has largely increased, and the disadvantages and inconveniences attending separate management of the two systems have been very clearly felt. Therefore, with the objects of avoiding useless expenditure, effecting economy, arranging smooth working, and unifying the form of the rolling stock, the Government have now delegated the management of the Corean National Railways to the Manchuria Railway Company and caused them to carry on all the business of the Corean railways. The South Manchuria Railway will, in the first place, ensure the smooth connection of the organs of communication, but the Government will of course see that they exert their best endeavours for the development of local industries in Corea. Therefore it may be said that the unification of the Corean and Manchurian railways will be also an organ for the development of industries in those two countries.\n\n## III\n### Establishment of a Colonial Bureau\nAt present the administration of Corea, Formosa, and Karafuto (Saghalien) is under the control of the Ministry of the Interior, while Kwantung Province is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry for Foreign Affairs, and in each Ministry the superintendence is conducted by a section. It goes without saying that it is quite impossible for the guidance and supervision of colonial administration to be thorough. Accordingly, the Government have now established a Colonial Bureau and remedied the shortcomings of the present defective supervision and administration of the colonies, and, by placing it at the same time in control of various matters relating to the development of Manchuria, have taken measures appropriate to the occasion.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-451 - Public Offices - 1918.txt",
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        "id": 481534,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 266,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "It is, perhaps, unnecessary to point out the glaring fallacies in this specious argument, in which Yunnanese officials affect to find justification for China's criminal abandonment of the policy of opium suppression.\n\n2. Importation.\n\nConcurrently, with the recrudescence of unchecked cultivation, all restrictions have, of course, been removed from the traffic in opium, which has now been definitely legalised. In my despatch No. 8, Confidential, of the 21st March last, I gave some account of the establishment at Shunning in the Tengyueh circuit of a headquarters for this traffic. The Yunnan provincial authorities have now sent down a military official of high rank, to superintend the collection of revenue derived from this source. The rates charged are tremendously high, amounting to 60 dollars per 100 Chinese ounces, or over 22 per cent, on the average retail price. For opium conveyed from Yünnan into the neighbouring province of Kweichow, a further tax of 30 dollars per 100 Chinese ounces is levied.\n\nThe selection of Shunning as the headquarters for the new taxation machinery is due to two causes: (1) the desire to avoid the immediate vicinity of this consulate and the area within which the foreign-supervised customs function; (2) the facilities thus afforded for tapping the heavy import traffic from the Northern Shan States, Burma, by way of Lasbio, Kuulong, and Kêngma.\n\nThis will probably continue to be the main source of supply until the results of the recent new cultivations in Yunnan come into the market.\n\nIn return for the heavy taxation quoted above, armed escorts of regular troops are provided for the opium caravans, and li-kin stations are no longer permitted to interfere with the free passage of this valuable cargo. This state of affairs gives rise to the following ludicrous anomaly.\n\nTechnically, of course, the Central Government's prohibition of all traffic in opium has never been repealed, and officers of the Maritime Customs are still under orders to confiscate all consignments of the contraband drug. But, as the Commissioner of Tengyueh Customs very naturally complains, it is impossible to expect the unarmed watchers in the employ of the customs to hold up for examination caravans protected by armed and uniformed escorts, no matter how strong their suspicions may be of the cargo passing before their eyes.\n\nThis is especially the case here at Tengyueh, where the watchers are not likely to forget that at the beginning of July 1910, one of their number was shot in broad daylight not 3 miles from the custom-house for demanding to examine the papers of an opium-caravan, and that all the local authorities, from the present Taoyin who is also the superintendent of Tengyueh Customs-downwards, were so effectively bribed that the murderer was allowed to escape scot-free.\n\n3. Consumption.\n\nIt is a necessary corollary of this phenomenal outbreak of opium cultivation and traffic in the drug that its consumption is again becoming increasingly popular. Police restrictions on indulgence in this vice are no longer anything but a dead letter, while within the past few weeks implements for opium-smoking have been openly exposed for sale in the streets of Tengyueh.\n\nA. E. EASTES.\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. I.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Daily News\" of December 17, 1918.\n\nThe Japanese Opium Trade with China-a Scandal calling for instant and drastic Repression.\n\n[From a Correspondent.]\n\nIn the \"North China Daily News\" of the 15th September, 1915, a correspondent explained in some detail the large proportions to which had attained Japan's morphia traffic with China. He expressed his belief that the morphia trade was the most lucrative of all trades conducted by Japanese in China. He pointed out that the trade with Dairen alone in 1913 amounted to 6 tons of morphia, and that between the price at which this morphia made in Europe was purchased in Japan, and the price ultimately paid for it by the consumer there was a margin, that is to say, there was a profit to the intermediary in the 6 tons of 8,400,000 dollars.\n\nThat morphia trade still flourishes. It is a larger trade now than it was in 1913. Morphia, however, can no longer be purchased in Europe. The seat of industry has been transferred to Japan, and morphia is now manufactured by the Japanese themselves. Although Japan is a signatory to the agreement which forbids the import into China of morphia or any appliances used in its manufacture or in its application, the traffic, inasmuch as it has the financial support of the Bank of Japan, as explained by your correspondent, is carried on with the direct approval and encouragement of the Japanese Government. In no other country in the world has there ever been known such a wholesale contraband traffic. Literally tens of millions of yen are transferred annually from China to Japan for the payment of Japanese morphia. The chief agency in the distribution of morphia in China is the Japanese post-office. Morphia is imported by parcels post. No inspection of parcels in the Japanese post-office in China is permitted to the Chinese Customs Service. The Service is only allowed to know what are the alleged contents of the postal packages as stated in the Japanese invoices, and yet morphia enters China by this channel by the ton.\n\nEighteen Tons of Morphia Annually.\n\nA conservative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese into China in the course of the year as high as 18 tons, and there is evidence that the amount is steadily increasing. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourishes. Through Dairen morphia circulates throughout Manchuria and the province adjoining, through Tsing-tao morphia is showered over Shantung province, Anhui, and Kiangsu, while from Formosa, so favoured by geographical propinquity, morphia is carried along with opium and other contraband by motor-driven fishing boats to some point on the mainland, from which it is distributed throughout the province of Fukien and the north of Kuangtung. Everywhere it is sold by Japanese under extraterritorial protection. How efficient is that protection may be gauged by the fact that no Japanese has ever yet been punished for dealing in contraband in China. When Chinese police raid the morphia shops along the Tsinan-fu railway in Shantung, as they have a right to do, for the traffic is illegal, Japanese gendarmerie rescue the arrested and exact a fine, not from the guilty be it understood, but from those who attempted to uphold the law. In recorded instances known to American investigators the magistrate himself has been compelled to pay the fine.\n\nIn South China morphia is sold also by Chinese pedlars, each of whom carries a passport certifying that he is a native of the Island of Formosa, and therefore entitled to Japanese protection. Japanese drug stores throughout China carry large stocks of morphia. Japanese medicine vendors look to morphia for their largest profits. Everywhere Japanese prostitution, the systematic extension of which from Yunnan city even to Urga is such an inspiring evidence of the business activities of our Asiatic allies, goes hand in hand with the sale of morphia.\n\nMorphia, no longer purchasable in Europe, is manufactured now in well-equipped laboratories in Japan and in Formosa. During recent years the bulk of the Persian opium coming into the market has been purchased by Japan for conversion into morphia, for Persian opium yields a larger percentage of morphia than Indian opium. Opium grown in Korea, the cultivation of which it is interesting to note followed immediately upon the closing of the opium shops in Shanghai, Japanese officials providing the seeds, and opium grown under Japanese protection in Manchuria, is an ever-expanding source of the supply of morphia, and, it may be added, of opium required by the administration of Formosa.\n\nMore Profit in Opium.\n\nBut while the morphia traffic is a large one there is every reason to believe that the opium trade, upon which Japan is now embarking with such enthusiasm, is likely to prove even more lucrative. In the Calcutta opium sales Japan has become one of the considerable purchasers of Indian opium. She purchases for Formosa, where the opium trade shows a steady growth, and where opium is required for the manufacture of morphia. She purchases for import into Japan. Sold by the Government of India,",
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        "id": 481540,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 272,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "4\n\nIt is, perhaps, unnecessary to point out the glaring fallacies in this specious argument, in which Yunnanese officials affect to find justification for China's criminal abandonment of the policy of opium suppression.\n\n2. Importation.\n\nConcurrently, with the recrudescence of unchecked cultivation, all restrictions have, of course, been removed from the traffic in opium, which has now been definitely legalised. In my despatch No. 8, Confidential, of the 21st March last, I gave some account of the establishment at Shunning in the Tengyueh circuit of a headquarters for this traffic. The Yunnan provincial authorities have now sent down a military official of high rank, to superintend the collection of revenue derived from this source. The rates charged are tremendously high, amounting to 60 dollars per 100 Chinese ounces, or over 22 per cent. on the average retail price. For opium conveyed from Yunnan into the neighbouring province of Kueichow, a further tax of 30 dollars per 100 Chinese ounces is levied.\n\nThe selection of Shunning as the headquarters for the new taxation machinery is due to two causes: (1) the desire to avoid the immediate vicinity of this consulate and the area within which the foreign-supervised customs function; (2) the facilities thus afforded for tapping the heavy import traffic from the Northern Shan States, Burma, by way of Lashio, Kunlong, and Kéngma.\n\nThis will probably continue to be the main source of supply until the results of the recent new cultivations in Yünnan come into the market.\n\nIn return for the heavy taxation quoted above, armed escorts of regular troops are provided for the opium caravans, and li-kin stations are no longer permitted to interfere with the free passage of this valuable cargo. This state of affairs gives rise to the following ludicrous anomaly.\n\nTechnically, of course, the Central Government's prohibition of all traffic in opium has never been repealed, and officers of the Maritime Customs are still under orders to confiscate all consignments of the contraband drug. But, as the Commissioner of Tengyueh Customs very naturally complains, it is impossible to expect the unarmed watchers in the employ of the customs to hold up for examination caravans protected by armed and uniformed escorts, no matter how strong their suspicions may be of the cargo passing before their eyes.\n\nThis is especially the case here at Tengyueh, where the watchers are not likely to forget that at the beginning of July 1910, one of their number was shot in broad daylight not 3 miles from the custom-house for demanding to examine the papers of an opium-caravan, and that all the local authorities, from the present Taoyin—who is also the superintendent of Tengyueh Customs—downwards, were so effectively bribed that the murderer was allowed to escape scot-free.\n\n3. Consumption.\n\nIt is a necessary corollary of this phenomenal outbreak of opium cultivation and traffic in the drug that its consumption is again becoming increasingly popular. Police restrictions on indulgence in this vice are no longer anything but a dead letter, while within the past few weeks implements for opium-smoking have been openly exposed for sale in the streets of Tengyueh.\n\nA. E. EASTES.\n\nEnclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Daily News\" of December 17, 1918.\n\nThe Japanese Opium Trade with China—a Scandal calling for instant and drastic Repression.\n\n[From a Correspondent.]\n\nIn the \"North China Daily News\" of the 15th September, 1915, a correspondent explained in some detail the large proportions to which had attained Japan's morphia trade with China. He expressed his belief that the morphia trade was the most lucrative of all trades conducted by Japanese in China. He pointed out that the trade with Dairen alone in 1913 amounted to 6 tons of morphia, and that between the price at which this morphia made in Europe was purchased in Japan, and the price ultimately paid for it by the consumer there was a margin, that is to say, there was a profit to the intermediary in the 6 tons of 8,400,000 dollars.\n\nThat morphia trade still flourishes. It is a larger trade now than it was in 1913. Morphia, however, can no longer be purchased in Europe. The seat of industry has been transferred to Japan, and morphia is now manufactured by the Japanese themselves. Although Japan is a signatory to the agreement which forbids the import into China of morphia or any appliances used in its manufacture or in its application, the traffic, inasmuch as it has the financial support of the Bank of Japan, as explained by your correspondent, is carried on with the direct approval and encouragement of the Japanese Government. In no other country in the world has there ever been known such a wholesale contraband traffic. Literally tens of millions of yen are transferred annually from China to Japan for the payment of Japanese morphia. The chief agency in the distribution of morphia in China is the Japanese post-office. Morphia is imported by parcels post. No inspection of parcels in the Japanese post-office in China is permitted to the Chinese Customs Service. The Service is only allowed to know what are the alleged contents of the postal packages as stated in the Japanese invoices, and yet morphia enters China by this channel by the ton.\n\nEighteen Tons of Morphia Annually.\n\nA conservative estimate would place the amount of morphia imported by the Japanese into China in the course of the year as high as 18 tons, and there is evidence that the amount is steadily increasing. Wherever Japanese are predominant there the trade flourishes. Through Dairen morphia circulates throughout Manchuria and the province adjoining, through Tsing-tao morphia is showered over Shantung province, Anhui, and Kiangsu, while from Formosa, so favoured by geographical propinquity, morphia is carried along with opium and other contraband by motor-driven fishing boats to some point on the mainland, from which it is distributed throughout the province of Fukien and the north of Kuangtung. Everywhere it is sold by Japanese under extraterritorial protection. How efficient is that protection may be gauged by the fact that no Japanese has ever yet been punished for dealing in contraband in China. When Chinese police raid the morphia shops along the Tsinan-fu railway in Shantung, as they have a right to do, for the traffic is illegal, Japanese gendarmerie rescue the arrested and exact a fine, not from the guilty be it understood, but from those who attempted to uphold the law. In recorded instances known to American investigators the magistrate himself has been compelled to pay the fine.\n\nIn South China morphia is sold also by Chinese pedlars, each of whom carries a passport certifying that he is a native of the Island of Formosa, and therefore entitled to Japanese protection. Japanese drug stores throughout China carry large stocks of morphia. Japanese medicine vendors look to morphia for their largest profits. Everywhere Japanese prostitution, the systematic extension of which from Yunnan city even to Urga is such an inspiring evidence of the business activities of our Asiatic allies, goes hand in hand with the sale of morphia.\n\nMorphia, no longer purchasable in Europe, is manufactured now in well-equipped laboratories in Japan and in Formosa. During recent years the bulk of the Persian opium coming into the market has been purchased by Japan for conversion into morphia, for Persian opium yields a larger percentage of morphia than Indian opium. Opium grown in Korea, the cultivation of which it is interesting to note followed immediately upon the closing of the opium shops in Shanghai, Japanese officials providing the seeds, and opium grown under Japanese protection in Manchuria, is an ever-expanding source of the supply of morphia, and, it may be added, of opium required by the administration of Formosa.\n\nMore Profit in Opium.\n\nBut while the morphia traffic is a large one there is every reason to believe that the opium trade, upon which Japan is now embarking with such enthusiasm, is likely to prove even more lucrative. In the Calcutta opium sales Japan has become one of the considerable purchasers of Indian opium. She purchases for Formosa, where the opium trade shows a steady growth, and where opium is required for the manufacture of morphia. She purchases for import into Japan. Sold by the Government of India,\n\n5\n\n \n\n[2861 ao -1]\n\n0\n\n205",
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    {
        "id": 492131,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "THE HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS.\n\nWHERE TO STAY WHEN VISITING HOME.\n\n[March 25th., 1922.\n\nBASIL STREET HOTEL.\n\nKNIGHTSBRIDGE, LONDON, S.W. 3.\n\nRun by the owner, has the best situation, and is First Class one minute's walk from HARRODS, THE PARK, and SLOANE STREET, 100 Bed rooms with Hot and Cold water, ample Bathrooms, pleasing Restaurant and Lounges, Luggage stored for any period, also room for sorting and packing. \"En Pension\" terms from 22/6, Double rooms without food from £3-, Single from 11/6, Baths included. Excellent Cuisine.\n\nKNIGHTSBRIDGE STATION is in the building from which any part of London is reached in a few minutes.\n\nTelegrams: \"SPOTLESS,\" LONDON.\n\nNOW IN PREPARATION\n\nTHE CHRONICLE AND DIRECTORY OF\n\nTHE FAR EAST\n\n1922\n\nThe book is printed from New Type specially reserved for the purpose and uniformity in every arrangement greatly facilitates reference.\n\nBesides the usual Alphabetical List of firms of TRADES and PROFESSIONS at the larger Commercial Centres.\n\nThe Sixtieth Annual Issue.\n\nThe CHRONICLE and DIRECTORY gives the CLASSIFIED LISTS of CHINA, JAPAN, COREA, INDO-CHINA, SIAM, STRAITS SETTLEMENTS, MALAY STATES, NETHERLANDS INDIA, PHILIPPINES, BORNEO, &c.\n\nThe Directories and Descriptions are of :-\n\nCHINA - Weihaiwei, Peking, Tientsin, Lungchingchun, Changsha, Tsinanfu, Taku, Tsingtau, Peitaiho, Shanghai, Chinwangtao, Soochow, Newchwang, Chinkiang, Manchurian Trade Centres, Nanking, Wuhu, Kiukiang, Harbin, Hankow, Changchun, Yochow, Kirin, Shasi, Hunchun, Ichang, Antung, Chungking, Port Arthur, Dairen, Ningpo, Chefoo, Wênchow, Lungkow, Santuao\n\nJAPAN AND FORMOSA - Tokyo, Yokohama, Hyogo, Kobe, Shimonoseki, Osaka, Moji, Nagasaki, Keelung, Tainanfu, Takow, Hakodate, Anping\n\nEASTERN SIBERIA - Vladivostock\n\nCOREA - Seoul, Won-san, Chemulpo, Fusan, Kun-san, Pingyang, Nicolajevsk, Motpo, Chinnampo, Songchin\n\nFRENCH INDO-CHINA - Hanoi, Haiphong, Annam, Hue, Tonkin Provinces, Quinhon, Tourane, Saigon, Cambodge\n\nPHILIPPINES - Manila, Iloilo, Cebu, Zamboanga\n\nBORNEO - Sarawak, Labuan, Brunei, British N. Borneo\n\nMALAY STATES - Bangkok\n\nThe ALPHABETICAL LIST of RESIDENTS in the Far East contains the names of over 20,000 FOREIGNERS, arranged, with the Initials as well as the Surnames, in strictly Alphabetical Order so that any name can be found instantly.\n\nThe CHRONICLE covers the notable events together with the Texts of all the most important Treaties concluded with the Countries of Eastern Asia, the various Customs Tariffs, Trade Regulations, Chambers of Commerce, Scales of Commissions, Signal Codes, Tables of Money, Weights and Measures, and other Commercial Information.\n\nThe CHRONICLE and DIRECTORY, though condensed in every possible manner, contains every year more pages and now numbers nearly 2,000.\n\nIt is published at the Office of the HONG-KONG DAILY PRESS, LTD., and can be had from and Advertisements sent through the principal Booksellers in Asia and through LONDON - Mr. J. H. G. Murrow, 131, Fleet Street, E.C. 4; Mr. F. Algar, 58, Gracechurch St., E.C. 3; Messrs. G. Street & Co., Ld., 30, Cornhill, E.C.\n\nLONDON ............................ PARIS ...... Messrs. G. E. Puel de Lobel & Cie., 53, Rue Lafayette\n\nCAPE TOWN .....Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Ld.\n\nSYDNEY ............Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Ld.\n\nMELBOURNE ................... Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Ld.\n\nBRISBANE ........................... Messrs. Gordon & Gotch, Ld.\n\nCALCUTTA Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co.\n\n\"Times of India\" Office\n\nBOMBAY............................ Messrs. Thacker, Spink & Co.\n\nSINGAPORE ......Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Ld.\n\nFEDERATED MALAY STATES... Kelly & Walsh, Ld., Singapore\n\nBORNEO............ Mr. F. W. Pinnock, Sandakan\n\nBANGKOK .“Bangkok Times\" Office\n\nDAIREN...Mr. F. J. Bardens\n\nTSINGTAU.........Messrs. Cornabe, Eckford & Co.\n\nFORMOSA Mr. A. W. Gillingham, Taipeh.\n\n\"Seoul Press,” Seoul\n\nNAGASAKI ........................... “Nagasaki Press \" Office\n\nKOBE-OSAKA......\"Japan Chronicle\" Office, Kobe\n\nTOKYO.......... Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Ltd., Yokohama\n\nYOKOHAMA.........Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Ltd.\n\nVLADIVOSTOCK...Messrs. Sinkevitch Bros.\n\nThe DIRECTORY covers the whole of the ports and cities of the Far East, from Netherlands India to Siberia, in which Europeans reside.\n\nNot only is the Directory as full and complete in each case as it can be made, but each Colony, Port or Settlement is prefaced by a DESCRIPTION, carefully revised each year, most of which will serve as accurate GUIDES FOR THE TOURIST, giving every detail in connection with the places, their History, Topography, etc.\n\nThe Information in these Descriptions, consisting of a hundred interesting articles packed with facts concisely set out, and containing statistics of the TRADE of each Country and Port, would alone suffice to fill a large volume.\n\nLarge Edition, pp. nearly 2,000, $12.00\n\nAbridged Edition, pp. 1,400, $8.00.\n\nDARLINGTON'S HANDBOOKS\n\n\"Sir Henry Ponsonby is commanded by the Queen to thank Mr. Darlington for a copy of his Handbook.\n\n“Nothing better could be wished for.”—British Weekly.\n\n“Far superior to ordinary guides.”—Daily Chronicle.\n\nVisitors to London should use DARLINGTON'S LONDON.\n\n“A brilliant book.”-The Times.\n\n“Particularly good.”—Academy.\n\nBY E. C. Cook & Enlarged Edition) AND E. T. Cook, M.A.\n\nLONDON AND ENVIRONS.\n\nNORTH WALES.\n\nDEVON AND CORNWALL.\n\n24 Maps and Plans. 60 Illustrations.\n\n60 Illustrations.\n\n10 Maps, 80 Illustrations.\n\nSAIGON ............................ Cie, de Com. et de Nav. d'Extreme Orient.\n\nTONKIN............Cie, de Com. et de Nav. d'Extreme-Orient, Haiphong.\n\nMANILA Philippine Education Co.\n\nMACAO ............Mr. A. A. de Mello\n\nCANTON ......A. S. Watson & Co., Shameen\n\nSWATOW............Jardine, Matheson & Co., Ltd.\n\nAMOY...............Messrs. Douglas, Lapraik & Co\n\nFOOCHOW.......... Messrs. T. Brockett & Co.\n\nSTRAIT SETTLEMENTS - Singapore, Penang, Malacca, Prov. Wellesley\n\nFEDERATED MALAY STATES - Perak, Selangor, Pahang, Negri Sembilan, Johore, Kedah, Kelantan, Trengganu, Perlis\n\nNETHERLANDS INDIA - Batavia, Demarang, Padang, Buitenzorg, Sourabaja, Makasser, East Coast of Sumatra\n\nBRITISH AND AMERICAN NAVAL Squadrons\n\nOFFICERS OF COAST AND RIVER STEAMERS\n\nSHANGHAI................... .Messrs. Kelly & Walsh, Ld.\n\nHANKOW AND OTHER YANGTZE PORTS\n\nPEKING AND TIENTSIN...Tientsin Press, Ltd.\n\nCHIFOO Messrs. Curtis, Bros.\n\nMENGGAME\n\n12 Maps; 58,\n\nVisitors to Brighton, Eastbourne, Hastings, Bournemouth, Wye Valley, Severn Valley, Bath, Weston-super-mare, Malvern, Hereford, Worcester, Gloucester, Llandrindod Wells, Llangollen, Aberystwyth, Towyn, Barmouth, Dolgelly, Harlech, Criccieth, Pwllheli, Llandudno, Rhyl, Bettws-y-coed, Isle of Wight, and Channel Islands should send for DARLINGTON'S HANDBOOKS, 1s. each.\n\nLLANGOLLEN: DARLINGTON & Co.\n\nLONDON: SIMPKIN & Co.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 322,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "21\n\nMOTOR BOATS\n\nFOR SALE.\n\nThe Twin Screw Tunnel Stern Motor Launch \"ENRICA\"\n\n(Built of Steel).\n\nLength overall.--56' 0\" Breadth moulded.-11' 6\" Depth moulded.-3′ 6′′ Draught moulded.-18\" to 19\" D. W. capacity on above draft. --3 tons.\n\nSpeed.-8 knots. Engines.-Twin set \"Kelvin\" Motors, each 30 h.p.\n\nInstalled with Electric Light. Price $10,000 or near offer.\n\nThe Motorboat \"KEIKUNG\" (Built of Teak). Length overall.-29.8/10. Breadth.-7.5/10. Draught (approximate). -18. Engine -- \"Kelvin\" Paraffin Motor.\n\nPrice $1,800 or near offer.\n\nAPPLY\n\nTHE HONGKONG TELEGRAPH.\n\nHELENA MAY\n\nINSTITUTE.\n\nExtensions Opened.\n\nEXCHANGE.\n\non Page 11.\n\nFRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22. 1922.\n\nOpening Rate: closing Rate\n\nSELLING.\n\nHongkong Hotel,\n\n2/63/4 2/6.13/16\n\nAstor House Hotel,\n\nExtensive alterations have been made to the Helena May Institute. A new dining hall, situated in the basement, has been provided. The entrance to this room is by a fine staircase, about nine feet wide, from the main hall. The new room is fitted with all modern conveniences. The woodwork is teak, with an attractive colour scheme of buff and white, and the splendid lighting arrangements and the large verandah windows, from which a view of the Peak can be obtained, all add to the charm of this welcome addition. The hall seats about a hundred diners and is so arranged that it can also be used for dances and cinematograph shows. Connected with the dining hall are a new kitchen and pantry, both spacious and well-fitted.\n\nSeven more bed-rooms have been provided, including a room for the matron. They are fitted with teak furniture and look very cosy little places. The library, to which has been added several new books, has been moved to one of the new rooms of the extension and a better lighting system has been installed.\n\nThese extensions were made owing to the generosity of the late Sir Ellis Kadoorie. The cost of the furnishing was undertaken by the Institute. The architects were Messrs. Denison, Ram and Gibbs.\n\nNESTLE & ANGLO-SWISS CONDENSED MILK\n\nTHE COWIE HARBOUR COAL COMPANY LIMITED. SILIMPOPON COAL.\n\nThe extensions were thrown open for the first time yesterday afternoon. It was quite an informal gathering and there were no speeches.\n\nAmong those present were Mrs. Claud Severn, Mrs. Bullock, the Hon. Mr. E V. D. Parr and Mrs. Parr, the Hon. Mr. Perkins and Mrs. Perkins, Mrs. Spring P. L. Knight, Mr. and Mrs. A. S. D. Cousland, Commander, and Mrs. Samson, Commander Radcliffe, Mrs. A Mackenzie, Miss MacKay, the Rev. J. T Holman, and many others. The Acting President of the Institute (Mrs. J. H. Kemp) was unable to attend owing to slight indisposition.\n\nPEKING NEWS.\n\nSolving the Cabinet Problem.\n\nThe Council of the Institute has arranged an attractive programme for the winter months, including musicales, dances, lectures, religious services, readings, cinematograph performances and a new feature, the children's hour.\n\nA Peking telegram states that late at night on the 19th, the President and Wong Chung-wai had a private consultation on the Cabinet question and eventually reached a settlement. A manifesto was issued next day to the effect that the request that Tang Shao-yi should form a Cabinet was withdrawn, and that Wong Chung-wai had been appointed Premier.\n\nAnother Peking message states that the terms for the return of the naval squadron from Canton have been arranged, and they will be put into effect when the Peking Government is in a position to meet the arrears of payment.\n\nWUCHOW UNREST.\n\nSTAR THEATRE.\n\n\"The Miracle of Love\".\n\nENTERTAINMENTS\n\nTHE CORONET\n\nHOTELS\n\nLEADING FAR EASTERN HOTELS.\n\nHONGKONG:\n\nPeak Hotel,\n\nRepulse Bay Hotel.\n\n'SHANGHAI:\n\nPalace Hotel,\n\nGrand Hotel Kalee.\n\nPEKING:\n\nGrand Hotel des Wagon Lits.\n\nThe Hongkong Hotel Co., Ltd.\n\nIn conjunction with\n\nThe Shanghai Hotels, Ltd.\n\nand\n\nThe Grand Hotel des Wagons Ltd.\n\nKING EDWARD HOTEL.\n\nCENTRAL LOCATION,\n\nELECTRIC LIFTS AND LIGHTING, TELEPHONE ON EACH FLOOR.\n\nHOTEL LAUNCH MEETS ALL STEAMERS.\n\nIsl. Central 373.\n\nTelegraphic Address: \"VICTORIA\n\nJ. WITCHELL,\n\nTo-day at 2.30, 5,15, 7.15 & 9.15.\n\nORIGINAL CAST\n\nIN\n\nTHE GIRL\n\nIN THE TAXI.\n\nWORLD\n\nPHONE. 1337\n\nKOWLOON\n\nTHEATRE\n\nTO-NIGHT at 9 15 TO-MORROW at 5.45\n\nand 9.15.\n\nHAROLD LLOYD\n\nIN\n\n\"A SAILOR MADE MAN.\"\n\nTHEATRE\n\nPHONE 1337\n\nManager.\n\nTHE EUROPE HOTEL.\n\nSINGAPORE.\n\nDANCING AFTER DINNER EVERY\n\nMONDAY, WEDNESDAY and SATURDAY.\n\nTEA DANCES\n\nTUESDAYS and THURSDAYS.\n\nThe Hotel Orchestra under the Direction of Mr. F. R. Martens.\n\nTelephones in every Room.\n\n148 Nom\n\n81 163\n\nTelephone No. 2740 (9 lines).\n\nSUBSIDIARY COINS.\n\nHongkong 50 ct. pieces\n\n10\n\n5\n\n124 pm.\n\npar\n\n19.5/5% dir.\n\nJanctu sub. coins\n\nHengsong. S pr 22. 1922.\n\nWEATHER REPORT.\n\nSept. 22nd 11% 17.\n\nIt has decreased slightly over L., and lightly from Vladivostock to Weihaiwei.\n\nThe typhoon which passed the Bonins on September 19 has moved to the E. of Hakkaido.\n\nThe anticyclone is now centred near Weihaiwei. It is moving eastward.\n\nHowever inclement the weather outside, there is always a feeling of tranquility inside the Star Theatre. This evening the management is exhibiting as a special attraction the film version of Cosmo Hamilton's famous novel, \"The Miracle of Love.\"\n\nIt took three weeks to erect the elaborate \"set\" of the House of Lords for \"The Miracle of Love.\"\n\nIt is a stirring story of English high life, with Wyndham Standing and Lucy Cotton in the chief parts. The hero is a younger son of a British noble family who is about to renounce his career as an idle and impecunious lord and seek his fortune outside of England, when he suddenly becomes heir to the title through the accidental death of his elder brother. A love story has been worked into the plot, which is said to abound in thrilling situations.\n\nFORECAST FOR THE 24 HOURS ENDING AT NOON TO-MORROW.\n\nDistrict.\n\nFormosa Channel\n\n2 South\n\ncoast of China between H.K. & Lamocks.\n\nThe Military and Gambling.\n\nNews from Wuchow brought back by a resident who has been there on a pleasure trip reveals very much the same state of topsy-turveydom that has been prevalent for months past. Soldiers of the Fourth Division of the Cantonese Army who have been garrisoning the town are said to be sadly out of hand on account of arrears in pay, and to secure funds they have transformed themselves into gambling monopolists. In the main street there are as many as forty concerns doing a brisk business in fantan, and officers are unable to enforce discipline on the men. The situation is given a farcical touch by the elaborate precautions of three gunboats in midstream, which appear to apprehend danger from the military, for their steam has been continually kept up ready for any emergency since their arrival under the orders of Chan Wing-son.\n\nReports are filtering into Hongkong of fighting between the Kwangtung and Yunnanese troops on the one hand and the Kwangsi troops on the other, further up the interior.\n\nPublic confidence appears to have been very badly shaken, for the majority of the shops remain closed, whilst those that venture to continue business close their shutters very early in the evenings. Pedestrians are a rare sight at night, many of the inhabitants preferring the safety of barred doors to walking about in the streets, where, as likely as not, they would stand the risk of being robbed by the military.\n\nRECORD ENROLMENT AT SHANGHAI UNIVERSITY.\n\nA record number of students has been enrolled in St. John's University (Shanghai), 340 in the collegiate department and 250 in the middle school.\n\nat 2 p.m. 6 am 2pm.\n\n76 17\n\n84 86\n\n6 4 Sa. 23 m 10 49 69 4 9\n\n22nd. to 28th, Sept. 1922\n\nLow Water\n\nHongkong\n\nHoogkong\n\nMean Time\n\n1, b. m.\n\nMean Time\n\nft. m. 7.3 20 48 6.%\n\nb. I\n\nft. n\n\nm 3 34\n\n1.7\n\n4\n\n1.7\n\nopen\n\nopen\n\n5\n\nотд oy orq sun. 24 4.25 0.00 1.16\n\nMon, 25 air\n\n21st 83 faeu. 26\n\n3 Wed 27 m 1\n\n3 19a 4.9a al Thar 28 m 1 59 65 I 9 24 2.4 4 ANA 4.7 7 4.4\n\n1.5\n\n14 44 69\n\n4 40 1,1\n\n11 4 11 *7a 720\n\n6.4\n\n0 30a 5.8\n\n5 la 31\n\nm 13\n\n69\n\nIn\n\n650 19\n\n1 586\n\n5.3\n\n6.7\n\nm\n\nm. morning a. afternoon\n\nWeather\n\nRain. Highest\n\nTemperature on the Lowest\n\nair Temperature on the 22nd 75\n\nT F. CLAXTON, Director.\n\nH.K. Ob... vatory, Sept. 21.\n\n5 7 14\n\n5 15 2.6\n\nm 5 56 1,8\n\n1\n\nTientsin.\n\nCordillere, from\n\nVongtsonpao li Laridle Street, from Shanghai.\n\nKianghing Engiok West, from Taipeh.\n\nLootengsi, from Amoy.\n\nMinleechan, from Shanghai.\n\nChengsoychor 11 Old Peel\n\nStreet, from Shanghai.\n\nPianchang, from Amoy.\n\nKihung, from Kobe.\n\nYungsikshang, from Kobe.\n\nLiang Laitsak, from Shanghai.\n\nHongkong's Most Modern & Coolest Picture Palace.\n\nTO-DAY at 5.15 and 3.15 p.m.\n\nTHE DRAMA OF A GIRL WHO KEPT STRAIGHT:\n\nA REALART PICTURE:\n\n\"THE LAND OF HOPE\"\n\nALICE BRADY\n\nA Powerful Story of The Dreams & Accomplishment of a Boy\n\nIn an Ad prod. Lawl\n\nHARRY SNOB POLLARD COMEDY.\n\n2.30 & 7.15 p.m.\n\nCHARLES HUTCHISON in\n\nSTAR\n\nDOUBLE ADVENTURE\" Ejendea, & mai ti,\n\nTHEATRE.\n\nPEKING ROAD, KOWLOON. Tel. Kowloo... 7\n\nThe biggest house exhibiting the lust ; ietur s\n\nTO-DAY to MONDAY, 25th. 5,30 and 95 10.\n\nLUCY COTTON\n\nin\n\n\"THE MIRACLE OF LOVE.\"\n\nA Cosmopolitan Special Picture.\n\nking at the Star Ferry Wharf for Hongkong Rodne FREE FERRY TICKETS BOTH WAYS. Open Daily #30 jo buô pm, and 1 to 9 pm, Saturdays 2 to 2.1 pm.. 3 to 5 15 pm\n\nSEE HAND BILLS.\n\nto 9 pm.\n\nJAPAN COAL\n\n- AND\n\nGENERAL IMPORTS AND\n\nEXPORTS\n\nAGENTS FOR:\n\nLiangtsuche Lharlie & Co.\n\nTHE MIT UBISHI MARINE & FIR» INSURANCE CO (2), from Shanghai\n\nTHE OSAKA MARINE & FIRE INSURANCE CO.\n\n9235, from Chinkiang.\n\nTH. KRING Superintendent.\n\nHongkong, September 21, 1922\n\nEASTERN EXTENSION AUSTRAL ARIA & CHINA TELEGRAPH CO\n\n11377/19th, Bankasia, from\n\nMadras.\n\n9044, 15th. Lampert Hongkong 6 29 3. Hotel, from Ningpo.\n\n57 2.8\n\nM. E. F. AIREY,\n\nSuperintendent,\n\nHongkong. September 21, 1922\n\nMITSUBISHI SHOJI KAISHA\n\n· MITSUBISHI TRADING CO., LTD.)\n\nHEAD OFFICE:-TOKYO\n\nNo. 14. PEDDER ST., HONGKONG.\n\nPrinted and Published for the Proprietor, by Alfred Morley e 11. Ice House Street, in the City of Victoria Hongkong.\n\nPage 21\n\n...\n\nPage 22",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt",
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        "id": 493944,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 335,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "5\n\ncollected and paid to the banks, and their retransfer to the purpose for which they were assigned is only a matter of a book entry. These revenues will, moreover, probably be increased precisely in 1922 by the raising of the customs dues to make them yield an effective 5 per cent. (at present they yield less).\n\nAs regards the other Powers, their financial difficulties may make them less inclined to be unnecessarily generous than they would have been in 1919, when the impoverishment caused by the war was still largely obscured by inflation. There are reasons which cannot be quoted here for thinking that the Japanese Government are not anxious to forgo their share of the indemnity, and are afraid of being forced into doing so by concessions to China on the part of His Majesty's Government. The attitude of the United States Government, whose share is, in any case, comparatively small, may be more largely swayed by sentimental and idealistic considerations than that of the other Powers, who may therefore decide upon a common attitude, irrespective of whether they are joined in it by the United States Government.\n\nA telegram from His Majesty's Minister at Peking of the 4th August, 1921, suggests that the remission of the indemnity might be considered for educational purposes under proper guarantees, but Sir B. Alston is of opinion that if the matter is raised at the Washington Conference we should be prepared to make it clear to the Chinese delegation at the outset that the question of remitting the indemnity can only be usefully discussed with representatives of a united and stable Government which is ready to accept the degree of foreign assistance which recent events have proved to be essential. The existing Chinese Government have shown themselves too utterly incompetent and insincere in dealing with the financial situation, opium and the question of the disbandment of troops to be allowed any increased power without proper control. It appears, therefore, that Sir B. Alston is opposed to the remission of the indemnity as a gift, but thinks it might be considered as part of a bargain in which we should secure the education of Chinese on British lines and a greater degree of efficiency in Chinese administration.\n\nForeign Office, October 10, 1921.\n\nF 1408/179/10\n\nAPPENDIX I.\n\nMemorandum on the Control of Chinese Maritime Customs Funds by the Diplomatic Body at Peking and Payment of the Boxer Indemnity Service.\n\nSINCE 1912 the revenue derived by China from her Maritime Customs has been under the control of the foreign Powers, acting through their representatives at Peking. The reasons for this apparently anomalous state of affairs will be shown later, but, before going further, some account of the origin of the Chinese Maritime Customs may be useful, and some explanation of the circumstances in which that service came to be administered by foreign nationals serving under the Chinese Government.\n\nOrigin of the Chinese Maritime Customs.\n\n2. British trade with China may be said to date from 1670, when the British East India Company established a footing at Amoy and in Formosa. In 1685 an Imperial edict was issued, opening all the ports of China to foreign trade, but this was rescinded in 1757, when another Imperial edict appeared, confining all foreign trade to Canton.\n\n3. In 1702 a Chinese official, known as the \"Hoppo,\" was appointed to act as the sole channel through whom the foreign merchants must conduct their trade. Under him was established, a few years later, an institution known as the \"Co-hong,\" composed of a body of thirteen Chinese merchants enjoying a monopoly of all trade with foreign firms.\n\n4. The foreigners at Canton were confined to so-called \"factories\" (thirteen in number), and all their dealings with China had to pass through the \"Co-hong.\" They were subject to a system of irritating regulations and restrictions; for instance, any arms of any kind must be brought to the factories, foreign traders must not engage Chinese servants, they must not row for pleasure on the river, &c.\n\n5. There ensued continual friction between the foreign community and the local Chinese officials, and eventually conditions reached breaking-point. With the appointment as Imperial High Commissioner at Canton of the high-handed Lin Tse-su, in December 1839, matters came to a head. The ostensible cause of dispute was the opium trade, in which Lin, after only eight days in office, prohibited all foreigners from indulging under severe penalties. But the real cause of the war that broke out was not the opium question, but the intolerable position of foreign merchants under the existing régime.\n\n6. The war ended in the Treaty of Nanking (1842), which opened Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo and Shanghai to foreign trade and residence, abolished the monopoly of the \"Co-hong\" and did away with other irritating restrictions; it also stipulated for a published customs tariff. This was the first step toward the formation of a recognised Chinese Maritime Customs service.\n\nIntroduction of Foreigners into Maritime Customs Service.\n\n7. During the Taiping rebellion the city of Shanghai fell into the hands of the rebels, and though the neutrality of the foreign settlement was declared and maintained, the Chinese Government, having lost control, were unable themselves to enforce collection of the customs duties to which they were now entitled by treaty. There had, moreover, been the inevitable difficulties inseparable from any attempt by native customs officials to enforce tariff regulations upon foreign traders unaccustomed to comply with Chinese official requirements. The upshot of all these difficulties was a proposal by the consuls of the countries concerned of a modus vivendi in 1854, under which the foreign element was first introduced into the Chinese Maritime Customs. On the nomination of the Consuls—British, French and American—three foreign inspectors of customs were appointed at Shanghai by the Tao-tai. They were M. Arthur Smith (French), Mr. Lewis Carr (American) and Mr. (later Sir Thomas) Wade (British). Each inspector received a salary from the Chinese Government of 6,000 dollars.\n\n8. The success of the new institution was immediate, in spite of a certain friction that arose from time to time with the foreign merchants, and the desire was soon general to extend the system to the other treaty ports.\n\nPage 330",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "page_number": 10,
        "title": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "content_text": "end of Formosa; a cable here, and the necessary details taken for the laying. \n\nDuring the six weeks we were engaged in this work, I made it my business (and I may mention it was part of my duty) to thoroughly examine the suctions to the pumps and all the pumping arrangements, when to my horror and amazement I discovered they had all been deliberately concreted up, thus making it impossible to pump out any compartment should necessity arise.\n\nI immediately reported the matter to the Captain, and begged him to accompany me below to see the state of affairs; but this he declined to do, and declared it was no business of mine.\n\nOn the completion of the survey of the channel, we proceeded to Hong Kong, prior to going to Guam, Midway Island, and Honolulu and San Francisco, which was to be our headquarters.\n\nAt Hong Kong, I persisted that a Board of Trade examination and survey should be held, and the Captain refusing, and endeavouring to prevent it, I took the matter to the Marine Court, being legally represented. The Captain, who was not legally represented, asked for a week's adjournment so that he might be; which was granted by the newly appointed Harbour Master, Retd. Captain Barnes Lawrence, R.N.. \n\nAt the Hearing a week later, when the Captain was represented by the senior member of the Firm of which my representative was the junior member, I was fined £8.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-487 - Others & Individuals - 1924",
        "content_text": "90\n\nCaution. It should be clearly understood that the position indicated by the latitude and longitude signalled does not purport to be the position of the centre of the typhoon. It indicates merely the centre of a circle of a specified radius within which the centre of the typhoon is believed to lie.\n\n91\n\n## Table No. 3. Radius and Intensity Signals.\n\nThe lowest of three Symbols.\n\n| Radius of position circle | Intensity |\n| --- | --- |\n| 120 | 60 |\n| -LT+ | 115 |\n\nIntensity, etc.: Unknown, Severe, Continuing Severe, Deepening.\n\n## Table No. 1.-- Direction Signals.\n\nTwo upper Symbols of hoist, indicate the direction in which a typhoon is travelling or the direction from which a gale may be expected.\n\n| Symbol | Direction |\n| --- | --- |\n| ΑΧΧΧΧΙ | N. |\n| -TAX | S.X.E. N.E. E.N.E. E. E.S.E. S.E. S.S.E. |\n| A | 30 |\n\nUnknown. Severe. Exceptional Continental Position velocity, depression, uncertain.\n\n## Table No. 4.-Time Signals.\n\nSingle Symbol at masthead.\n\n| Symbol | Time |\n| --- | --- |\n| N. | ... |\n| K-TA | S.S.W. S.W. W.S.W. W. W.N.W. N.W. N.N.W. |\n\nNote. The numbers corresponding to the symbols indicate the number of points from North.\n\n## Table No. 2.-Condition Signals.\n\nTwo upper Symbols of hoist.\n\n| Symbol | Condition |\n| --- | --- |\n| + | Forming. |\n| ± | Two centres. |\n| ± | Direction unknown. |\n| ... | Stationary or very slow. |\n| ... | Recurving. |\n| ... | Filling up. |\n| Yostering maning. | Yesterday afternoon. |\n| ... | This morning. |\n| ... | This afternoon. |\n\n## Table No. 5. Gale Signals.\n\nOne Symbol at guard-arm.\n\n| Symbol | Area |\n| --- | --- |\n| TT+ | Formosa Yangtze to Anlam |\n| ... | Gulf of Tongking |\n| ... | Formosan Channel. |\n| ... | Coast, To Swatow. |\n| ... | Yangtze, Shantung Promontory. |\n| ... | Gulf of Pechili and Yangtze Girl. |\n| ... | Sea of Japan. |\n| Norm | Hokkaido, East Coast of South Japan. |\n| ... | of Kinshuu.",
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        "id": 503178,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 253,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "252\n\n32\n\nYARN MARKET.\n\nJuly 21.\n\nMessrs. Polishwalla & Kotwall, cotton and yarn brokers, in their report on the Indian yarn market, state:\n\nHongkong, July 20.\n\nSince our last report of June 21, much activity has continued in our yarn market, due to good inquiries from consuming centres, which has resulted in substantially large sales both in \"spot\" and \"to arrive\" at an advance of $2 to $5 per bale. Further demand from Yunnan has kept our market firm with an improving tendency.\n\nBombay: The rates in Bombay have also strengthened on account of Bombay mills being reported to have done fairly large forward business up to September and latest quotations show higher prices than those ruling in our market.\n\nTotal Sales 4,500 bales. Unsold Stock 3,000 bales. Bargains in Chinese hands, both spot and to arrive 6,500 bales.\n\nNo. 10.\n\nAssur Veerjee $157 101; Berla $150; Bradbury $162; Contempt $151; David $157; Twn $155; Major Sassoon $151; Phoenix (Cow Tickets) R. $164 166; Phoenix (Vane Ticket) M. $157; Presidency $146; Sun Mill $151.\n\nNo. 12.\n\nChina $163; Connaught $163; Dawn $170; Fazalbhoy $173; Finlay $169 170; Moon $170; Pubaney, various chops $168 170.\n\nShanghai:-Reports show marked improvement in prices all round with better demand and a healthier tone for near future.\n\nJapanese Yarn:-A sudden big rise has scared buyers to make further purchases, while they are getting rid of their previous cheap holdings at the present advanced rates.\n\nThe following are the ruling quotations for Spot Yarn:\n\nNagasaki No. 20 $209 210; Nagasaki No. 10 $167; 3 Horses No. 16 $196; 3 Horses No. 20 $201; Yellow Joss No. 20; $204; Setsu No. 10; $170; Setsu No. 20 $214; Blue Fish No. 12 $175; Blue Fish No. 20 $214.\n\nRaw Cotton:-No Stock. Quotations:-Bengal $35 to $40 per picul; Chinese $40 to $45 per picul.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nTYPHOON NEWS.\n\nJuly 21. According to the direction given, the latest typhoon from the Pacific Ocean is making tracks for Hong Kong.\n\nLatest reports give its position as to the South-West of the Colony, outside the 300 miles radius (of the Colony) but close to it.\n\nThe direction indicates that unless there is a deflection, it will strike land a little to the West of Hongkong.\n\nNo. 1 local signal was hoisted to-day at 12.05 p.m. This red cone, pointing upwards, means that typhoon exists which may cause gale in Hongkong in 24 hours.\n\nThe forecast for Hongkong and coast, till noon to-morrow, is:— Light, variable winds, possibly increasing to a gale from the North-East, or North-West: fine at first, rain later.\n\nFor the Formosa Channel, the prediction is:--Cyclonic gales.\n\nThe Observatory's mid-day report to-day says:--\n\nPressure has increased slightly to moderately over Japan, East China and Tongking. It has decreased slightly at Pratas and moderately over Formosa.\n\nThe depression over S.W. China is not as deep this morning.\n\nAt this morning the typhoon was in about Lat. 20.30 N. and Long 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nHongkong rainfall for the 24 hours ended at 10 a.m. 0.71 inch. Total since January 61.73 inches, against an average of 47.05 inches.\n\nWarnings sent out to-day comprised:-\n\n5.35 p.m.-Typhoon of unknown intensity within 60 miles of Lat. 15 N., Long. 122 E., moving W.N.W.\n\n10.10 a.m.-Typhoon of known intensity within 60 miles of Lat. 21 N., Long. 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nManila, 5 a.m.-Typhoon Lat. 20 N., Long. 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nShanghai, 10.45 a.m.-Typhoon of unknown intensity within 60 miles of Lat 20 N., Long. 121 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nBANQUE DE L'INDO-CHINE.\n\nHEAD OFFICE:\n\n96, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris.\n\nSubscribed Capital .. Fra. 72,000,000.00 Reserve Fund Paid-up Capital .... Fra. 68,400,000.00 ...... Fr. 69,867,283.64\n\nBRANCHES,\n\nHanoi Hongkong Bangkok Batambang Canton Disbonti Yort-Hayard Haiphong Hukow Mengue Noumen Papeete Peking Phom Penh Pondicherry Saigon Shanghai Singapore Tlentain Fogene Yanakufa\n\nIN FRANCE: Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris; Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas; Credit Lyonnais; Credit Industriel et Commercial; Societe Generale.\n\nIN LONDON: The National Provincial & Union Bank of England, Ltd.;\n\nIN NEW YORK: J. P. Morgan & Co.; French American Banking Corporation; Guaranty Trust Co. of New York.\n\nInterest allowed on Current Accounts to arrangement.\n\nFixed Deposits according\n\nEvery description of Banking and Exchange Business transacted.\n\nA. LECOT,\n\nHongkong, 11th December, 1925.\n\nManager.\n\nTHE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD. (TAIWAN GINKO.)\n\nIncorporated by Special Imperial Charter, 1899.\n\nYen 15,000,000 Capital Subscribed ...... Capital (Paid-up)....Yen 7,500,000\n\nHEAD OFFICE: Taipeh, Formosa.\n\nBRANCHES:\n\nJAPAN:-Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka.\n\nFORMOSA: Giran, Kagi, Karenko, Keelung, Makong, Nanto, Shin-chiku, Taichu, Tainan, Takao, Tamsui, Toen, Heito, Taito.\n\nCHINA: Shanghai, Hankow, Amoy, Foochow, Swatow, Canton.\n\nOTHERS: Hongkong, Singapore, Soerabaya, Semarang, Batavia, Bombay, London, New York, Calcutta.\n\nLONDON BANKERS: London County Westminster and Parr's Bank,\n\nThe Bank has Correspondents in the Commercial Centres in the Regions Continent, Russia, Manchuria, Siberia, Japan, Indo-China, Siam, India, Philippine Islands, Java, Africa, &c.\n\nInterest allowed on Current Accounts, and Fixed Deposits, which will be quoted on application.\n\nT. TAKAGI,\n\nManager.\n\nHONGKONG BRANCH:\n\n3, Des Voeux Road Central. Hongkong, 7th May, 1926.\n\nPhone Gerrard 1746-- Tel. \"Taiwanbank\"\n\nA. C. DISS\n\n(Late of DISS BROS. & MACKINTOSH, LTD.)\n\nHONGKONG\n\nC/O CAMPBELL LATHAM & CO.\n\nTAILORS\n\n59, Conduit Street. LONDON, W1.\n\n(No. 2998.—July 22, 1926.\n\nHONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.\n\nAuthorised Capital $40,000,000\n\nPaid-up Capital $13,000,000\n\nReserve Fund £4,500,000\n\nSilver $27,000,000\n\nReserve Liability of Proprietors $90,000,000\n\nHEAD OFFICE, HONGKONG.\n\nCOUNCIL OF DIRECTORS:—\n\nHon. Mr. D. G. M. Terawan, Chairman,\n\nHon. A. P. H. Lang, Deputy Chairman\n\nW. H. Bell, Esq.\n\nA. H. Compton, Esq.\n\nS. L. Pattenden, Esq.\n\nJ. A. Plummer, Esq.\n\nT. G. Weir, Esq.\n\nH. F. White, Esq.\n\nC. M. Young, Esq.\n\nA. O. Lang, Chief Manager,\n\nA. L. Barlow, Sub-Manager.\n\nBRANCHES.-\n\nAMOY BANGKOK BATAVIA BOMBAY CALCUTTA CANTON CHEFOO COLOMBO\n\nFOOCHOW HAIPHONG HAMBURG HANKOW HARBIN\n\nKOBE KOLHAPUR KUALA LUMPUR LONDON LYONS MALACCA MANILA\n\nNAGASAKI NEW YORK PEKING PENANG RANGOON SAIGON SAN FRANCISCO\n\nSHANGHAI SINGAPORE SOERABAYA SUNGEI PATANI TIENTSIN TOKYO TSINANFU YOKOHAMA\n\nCurrent Accounts opened in Local Currency and Fixed Deposits received for various periods in Local Currency and Sterling on terms which will be quoted on application.\n\nHongkong, 27th May, 1900.\n\nHONGKONG SAVINGS BANK.\n\nThe Business of the Savings Bank is conducted by the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION. Rules may be obtained on application.\n\nFOR THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION\n\nA. L. Barlow.\n\nChief Manager.\n\nHongkong. 27th May, 1899.\n\nTHE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LTD.\n\nHEAD OFFICE: HONGKONG.\n\n10, Des Voeux Road Central, Hongkong.\n\nAuthorised Capital $10,000,000\n\nPaid-Up Capital $5,000,000 Reserve Fund $1,200,000\n\nBRANCHES AND AGENCIES:-\n\nBatavia Melbourne San Francisco\n\nBombay Nagasaki Seattle\n\nCalcutta New York\n\nCanton Haiphong London\n\nKowloon Shanghai Singapore\n\nMacau Hankow\n\nCorrespondents in all principal cities of the world.\n\nEvery description of Banking and Exchange business transacted. Loans granted on approved securities.\n\nSAFE DEPOSIT BOXES to let.\n\nKAN TONG PO,\n\nChief Manager. Hongkong, 22nd May, 1926.\n\nLOCAL SHARE MARKET.\n\nOFFICIAL QUOTATIONS.\n\nHONGKONG, JULY 21, 1926, 10.30 a.m.\n\nT.T. on London\n\nT.T. on Shanghai\n\nBanka, Hongkong Bank\n\ndo. Chartered Bank\n\nLondon.\n\nMercantile Bank, A. & R.\n\nHongkong Stock Exchange\n\nHongkong Estate Brokers' & Sharebrokers' Association.\n\nSociety.\n\n21256\n\n2/24\n\n7536\n\nnom.\n\n1135 83 £131\n\n£2034 b.\n\n1:30 b\n\n1135\n\n5\n\n£10\n\n£20n. £30\n\nB.\n\n253",
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        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 254,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "32\n\nYARN MARKET.\n\nJuly 21.\n\nMessrs. Polishwalla & Kotwall, cotton and yarn brokers, in their report on the Indian yarn market, state:-\n\nHongkong, July 20,\n\nSince our last report of June 21, much activity has continued in our yarn market, due to good inquiries from consuming centres, which has resulted in substantially large sales both in \"spot\" and \"to arrive\" at an advance of $2 to $5 per bale. Further demand from Yunnan has kept our market firm with an improving tendency.\n\nBombay: The rates in Bombay have also strengthened on account of Bombay mills being reported to have done fairly large forward business to September and latest quotations show higher prices than those ruling in our market.\n\nTotal Sales 4,500 bales.\n\nUnsold Stock 3,000 bales.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nTYPHOON NEWS.\n\nJuly 21. According to the direction given, the latest typhoon from the Pacific Ocean is making tracks for Hongkong.\n\nLatest reports give its position as to the South-West of the Colony, outside the 300 miles radius (of the Colony) but close to it.\n\nThe direction indicates that unless there is a deflection, it will strike land a little to the West of Hongkong.\n\nNo. 1 local signal was hoisted to-day at 12.05 p.m. This red cone, pointing upwards, means that typhoon exists which may cause a gale in Hongkong in 24 hours.\n\nThe forecast for Hongkong and coast, till noon to-morrow, is:--\n\nLight, variable winds, possibly increasing to a gale from the North-East, or North-West: fine at first, rain later.\n\nBANQUE DE L'INDO-CHINE.\n\nHEAD OFFICE:\n\n96, Boulevard Haussmann, Paris. Subscribed Capital. Frs. 72,000,000.00 Reserve Fund... Frs. 59,667,283.54 Paid-Up Capital.... Frs. 68,400,000.00\n\nBRANCHES. Bangkok Hanoi Pondicherry Bataumhang Hongkong Saigon Canton Mengine Shanghai Fort-Bayard Djibouti\n\nPapeete Haiphong Peking Hankow Foochow\n\nSingapore\n\nTientsin\n\nTourane Phnom-Penh Yunnanfu BANKERS:\n\nd'Escompte de Paris; Credit Lyonnais; IN FRANCE: Comptoir National\n\nBanque de Paris et des Pays-Bas; Credit Industriel et Commercial; Societe Generale.\n\nIN LONDON: The National Provincial & Union Bank of England, Ltd.; Comptoir National d'Escompte de Paris; Credit Lyonnais,\n\nIN NEW YORK: J. P. Morgan & Co.; French American Banking Corporation; Guaranty Trust Co. of New York.\n\nand Fixed Deposits according to arrangement.\n\nInterest allowed on Current Accounts\n\nA. LECOT,\n\nManager. Hongkong. 11th December, 1925.\n\nFor the Formosa Channel, the prediction is:--Cyclonic gales. The Observatory's mid-day report to-day says:\n\nBargains in Chinese hands, both spot and to arrive 6,500 bales.\n\nNo. 10.\n\nAssur Veerjee $157 161; Beris $150; Bradbury $162, Connaught $151; David $157; Down $156; Major Sassoon $151; Phoenix (Cow Tickets R.) $161 166 Phoenix Vase Ticket; M. $157: Presidency $146; Sun Mill $151.\n\nNo. 12.\n\nChina $163; Connaught $163; Dawn $170: Fazalbhoy $178: Moon $170:\n\nFinlay $169 170; Pubaney, various chops $168 170.\n\nShanghai: Reports show marked improvement in prices all round with better demand and a healthier tone for near future.\n\nJapanese Yarn:-A sudden big rise has scared buyers to make further purchases, while they are getting rid of their previous cheap holdings at the present advanced rates.\n\nThe following are the ruling quotations for Spot Yarn:\n\nNagasaki No. 20 $209 210; Nagasaki No. 10 $167; 3 Horses No. 26 $196; Horses No. 20 $201; Yellow Joss No. 20; $204; Setsu No. 10: $170; Setsu No. 20 $214: Blue Fish No. 12 $175: Blue Fish No. 20 $214.\n\nRaw Cotton: No Stock. Quotations: Bengal $35 to $40 per picul: Chinese $40 to $45 per picul.\n\nPrinted and published for the concerned by GEORGE WILLIAM CADE BURNETT, Managing Editor, at 5, Wyndham Street, Hongkong.\n\nPressure has increased slightly moderately over Japan, East China and Tongking. It has decreased slightly at Pratas and moderately over Formosa.\n\nThe depression over S. W. China is not so deep this morning.\n\nAt 6 this morning the typhoon was in about Lat. 20.30 N. and Long 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nHongkong rainfall for the 24 hours ended at 10 am. 0.71 inch. Total since January 61.73 inches, against an average of 47.05 inches.\n\nTHE BANK OF TAIWAN, LTD. (TAIWAN GINKO.)\n\nIncorporated by Special Imperial Charter, 1899. Capital Subscribed.....Yen 15,000,000 Capital (Paid-up)....Yen 10,000,000 (not 39,375,000)\n\nHEAD OFFICE:-Taipeh, Formosa.\n\nBRANCHES:\n\nJAPAN:--Tokyo, Yokohama, Kobe, Osaka.\n\nFORMOSA:--Giran, Kagi, Karenko, Keelung, Makong, Nanto, Shin-chiku, Taichu, Tainan, Takao, Tamsui, Toen, Heito, Taito.\n\nCHINA:--Amoy, Foochow, Swatow, Canton.\n\nOTHERS: Hongkong, Singapore.\n\nWarnings sent out to-day comprised:\n\n5.35 a.m.-Typhoon of unknown intensity within 60 miles of Lat. 19 N. Long. 122 E., moving W.N.W.\n\n10.10 a.m.- Typhoon of unknown intensity within 60 miles of Lat. 21 N., Long. 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nManila, 6 a.m.-Typhoon in Lat. 20 N., Long. 120 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nShanghai, 10.45 a.m.-Typhoon of unknown intensity within 60 miles of Lat. 20 N., Long. 121 E., moving W.N.W.\n\nLONDON BANKERS: London County Westminster and Parr's Bank,\n\nThe Bank has Correspondents in all principal cities of the world.\n\nInterest Allowed on Current Accounts and Fixed Deposits.\n\nT. TAKAGI,\n\nManager.\n\nHONGKONG BRANCH:\n\n3, Des Voeux Road Central. Hongkong, 7th May, 1926.\n\nPhone Gerrard 1746 --- Tel. \"Taiwanbk\"\n\nA. C. DISS\n\n(Late of DISS BROS, & MACKintosh, Ltd.) HONGKONG\n\nC/O CAMPBELL LATHAM & CO.\n\nTAILORS\n\n59, Conduit Street,\n\nLONDON, W1.\n\n[No. 2998. July 22, 1926.\n\nHONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.\n\nAuthorised Capital $50,000,000\n\nPaid-up Capital $25,000,000\n\nReserve Fund Sterling $5,000,000 Silver $27,000,000\n\nContingent Liability of Proprietors $50,000,000\n\nHEAD OFFICE, HONGKONG.\n\nCOURT OF DIRECTORS:-\n\nHon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall, Chairman.\n\nHon. Mr. A. O. Lang, Deputy Chairman.\n\nW. H. Bell, Esq.\n\nA. H. Compton, Haji W. L. Paltenden, Esq.\n\nJ. J. Paterson, Esq.\n\nT. G. Weall, Esq.\n\nH. P. White, Esq.\n\nG. M. Young, Esq.\n\nKING, Chief Manager.\n\nAH Harlow, Manager.\n\nBRANCHES\n\nAMOY\n\nBANGKOK\n\nBATAVIA\n\nBOMBAY\n\nCALCUTTA\n\nCANTON\n\nCHEFOO\n\nCOLOMBO\n\nDAIREN\n\nFOOCHOW\n\nHAIPHONG\n\nHAMBURG\n\nHANKOW\n\nHARBIN\n\nKOBE\n\nKUALA LUMPUR\n\nLONDON\n\nLYONS\n\nMALACCA\n\nMANILA\n\nNAGASAKI\n\nNEW YORK\n\nPEKING\n\nPENANG\n\nRANGOON\n\nSAN FRANCISCO\n\nSHANGHAI\n\nSINGAPORE\n\nSOERABAYA\n\nTIENTSIN\n\nTOKYO\n\nTRINGTAO\n\nYOKOHAMA\n\nCurrent Accounts opened in local currency and Fixed Deposits received for one year or shorter period in Local Currency, and Sterling on terms which will be quoted on application.\n\nHongkong, 27th May, 1926\n\nHONGKONG SAVINGS BANK.\n\nThe Business of the above Bank is conducted by the HONGKONG AND SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION\n\nFOR THE HONGKONG & SHANGHAI BANKING CORPORATION.\n\nA. H. Barlow.\n\nHongkong, 9th May, 1926\n\nTHE BANK OF EAST ASIA, LTD.\n\nHEAD OFFICE: HONGKONG.\n\n10, Des Voeux Road Central, Hongkong.\n\nAuthorised Capital $10,000,000\n\nPaid-up Capital $5,000,000\n\nReserve Fund $1,200,000\n\nBRANCHES AND AGENCIES:-\n\nBatavia\n\nMelbourne\n\nSan Francisco\n\nYokohama\n\nSeattle\n\nBombay\n\nCalcutta\n\nNew York\n\nCanton\n\nHaiphong\n\nParis\n\nPeking\n\nKobe\n\nKowloon\n\nLondon\n\nAvila\n\nPenang\n\nSemarang\n\nShanghai\n\nSingapore\n\nSoombur\n\nTaipeh\n\nKingtsz\n\nTientsin\n\nTokyo\n\nSaigon\n\nCorrespondents in all principal cities of the world.\n\nEvery description of Banking and Exchange business transacted. Loans granted on approved securities.\n\nSAFE DEPOSIT BOXES to let.\n\nKAN TONG PO,\n\nChief Manager.\n\nHongkong, 22nd May, 1926.\n\nLOCAL SHARE MARKET.\n\nNames\n\nT.T. on London\n\nP. & O. S.N. Co.\n\nOFFICIAL QUOTATIONS.\n\nBank of East Asia\n\nUnion Insurance\n\nHONGKONG JULY 21, 1926, 10.30 a.m.\n\nHongkong\n\nStock\n\nExchange.\n\nHongkong Estate Brokers' Sharebrokers' Association.\n\nSociety.\n\nT.T. on Shanghai\n\nBanks\n\n2/24\n\n2/24\n\n75%\n\n75%\n\nnom\n\nHongkong Bank .......\n\ndo.\n\nLondon Chartered Bank .......\n\n$135 b\n\n$3\n\n$130 b\n\n$3\n\n$131 n\n\nMercantile Bank, A. & R.\n\ndo\n\nC.\n\n$204 b.\n\n$201/2 n.\n\n$30% n.\n\n$13/20.\n\n$1311/2 a\n\n$11.\n\n$13 n.\n\n$4 b\n\n$0\n\nMarine Insurances.\n\nCanton Insurance\n\n$81\n\nb.\n\nChina Underwriters....\n\n$630 h\n\n$640 a\n\n$83 b.\n\n$640\n\nNorth China Insurance..\n\n$180 b\n\n$1.80 b\n\n$1.45 n.\n\nTLAN\n\n$201 n\n\n$28\n\nb\n\n$38\n\n$40\n\n$200\n\nh.\n\n$2010\n\n$590 L\n\n$600 sa\n\n$54\n\n$24 b\n\n$264 b\n\n$24\n\n$30\n\nb.\n\n$40/.\n\n$88/.\n\nn.\n\n$6734 b\n\n$68\n\n$734 b.\n\nYangtze Insurance\n\nFire Insurances.\n\nChina Fire Insurance.\n\nA.K. Fire Insurance ...\n\nShipping.\n\nDouglases\n\nHongkong Steamboats..\n\nH.K. Tug & Lighters.\n\nIndo-Chinas (Pref.)\n\ndo. (Def.)\n\nOriental Navigation\n\nShell Transporta\n\nStar Ferries\n\nWater-boats\n\nRefineries.\n\nChina Sugar\n\nMalabon Sugars\n\nMining.\n\nFangta......\n\nKailan Mining Ad.\n\nLangkats (Combined)\n\ndo. (Single)\n\nShanghai Exploration\n\nShanghai LuAD\n\nRaubs\n\nTronoh Mines\n\nIpoh Gaspi,ans\n\nDocks, Wharves\n\nGodowns, &c.\n\nR. & K. Wharves\n\nHK. & W. Dock\n\nHongkew\n\nNew Engineerings\n\nShanghai Docks\n\nH.K. & S. Hotels\n\ndo.\n\nHongkong Lands\n\nHK. Realty\n\nFI K. Territorial\n\nR\n\n434 b\n\n$1221/2\n\n544\n\n$122\n\n54%\n\n54%\n\nT170 h\n\n170\n\n534\n\nT5.85\n\nb.\n\n119\n\n117\n\n115\n\nb\n\nZends.\n\nHotel & Bldgs.\n\n11 15 sa\n\n1.ro b\n\n14 sa\n\n651/2 b\n\n$6\n\nS\n\n5\n\n9\n\nTumphreys Estates\n\n1434 .\n\nES\n\n15 $ 14' a\n\nPrinces Building\n\n90\n\n5.\n\nRural Lands\n\n154\n\nb.\n\nCotton Mills.\n\nFawn Cottong\n\n9\n\nOrientals\n\n250\n\nShangnai Cottons (old)\n\ndo.\n\n51\n\n(new)\n\n#6\n\nMiscellaneous.\n\nCanton Ices\n\nCements (comb.)\n\nD.\n\n$6\n\nБ.\n\ndo.\n\n(old)\n\n13%\n\nП\n\n144 m.\n\n12\n\n(new)\n\nп. 13\n\n1.\n\nChina Buses\n\n2/2\n\n0.\n\nChina Lights (comb.)\n\n10%\n\n21\n\nD\n\ndo.\n\n(old)\n\n154\n\ndo.\n\n(new)\n\n12\n\n10\n\nChina Prov. Tel (comb.)\n\ndo.\n\n(old)\n\nGO. (Dew)\n\nDairy Farm\n\n16/2\n\nR.\n\nFor A Wing (full pả )\n\ndo.\n\nHongkong Amusements.\n\nIT K. Constructions\n\nHongkong Electrics\n\nF K, Developmenta\n\nH.K. Ropes (comb.)\n\nG\n\n(part\n\n111/2 n\n\nb\n\n24\n\n68 h (814 a\n\n684 b\n\n25 CIN\n\nfacts.\n\n$10\n\nS\n\nco. (old)\n\n10\n\n5.\n\n30\n\ndo.\n\n(new)\n\n5.\n\nD\n\nHongkong Tramways\n\n2534 h\n\n2534\n\nLane. Crawfords\n\n8\n\nMacao Electricn\n\n35\n\nMackintosh\n\nNanvang Tobaccos\n\nPeak Trams (old)\n\ndo.\n\nSinceres\n\nSingapore Trams\n\nTaxis\n\nUnited Asbestos\n\n(Founders)\n\ndo. (Ordinary)\n\nWatsons fold)\n\ndo. (new)\n\nWm. Powells\n\nH.K. Telephone\n\n10% n\n\n16%\n\n(new)\n\n7 to\n\nk18 brz\n\n3\n\nfoo\n\n11\n\n1234 b\n\nb\n\nb.\n\ns\n\n6\n\n$\n\n13\n\n132\n\n61/2 П\n\n5.on\n\nA.\n\n54\n\nb\n\n253\n\n252",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-508-8 Plans and reports on proposed aerodrome at Kai Tak 11-1-1928 - 21-12-1928",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-508-8 Plans and reports on proposed aerodrome at Kai Tak 11-1-1928 - 21-12-1928",
        "content_text": "HONG KONG\n\n112\n\n120\n\n124\n\n41\n\nIchan or\n\nShau chau\n\nS\n\nking\n\nSu chau\n\nShanghai\n\nKianing\n\nTsung Ming 1.\n\nYengtsi Cape\n\nHang Chau\n\nBay\n\nNing po\n\nR CHE KIAN G2\n\nWanchan\n\nSan Moon B\n\nKiu kian\n\nyang\n\nK I\n\nG\n\nLinkiang\n\nPyut W\n\nChau Chau\n\nK WA NG T UNG\n\nCanton\n\nHongkong\n\nVeu kiang or Canton R.\n\nMacão I.\n\nP.W.\n\nDEPT:\n\nSEN\n\nHON\n\nON KONG\n\n8/10/27\n\nUKIEN\n\nFuh Chau\n\nRugged Pt\n\nSwatau or\n\nShantau\n\n---\n\nScale of English Miles\n\n7\n\nFORMOSA\n\nOR TAIWAN\n\nBalintang Channel\n\nC. Bojeador\n\nP!Engano\n\n+\n\n32\n\n22\n\n28\n\n24\n\n20\n\nHarow J. Forms\n\n5. 50 23/4/2\n\n24",
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        "id": 536247,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-542-12 Smuggling from Hong Kong into China 21-1-1933 - 21-8-1933",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-542-12 Smuggling from Hong Kong into China 21-1-1933 - 21-8-1933",
        "content_text": "No. 2.\n\nCopy to Sub-Legation.\n\n**H.B.M. Consulate, Amoy, 4th February, 1933.**\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your despatch No. `31(5/32V/1932)` of the 24th December last, on the subject of smuggling from Hong Kong into China, I have the honour to report that I have investigated the question locally as well as I can.\n\n2. It is, in the first place, obvious that the chief reason for the recent increase of smuggling into this district is the raising of the Customs duties, a step which cannot fail to encourage smuggling and to render it lucrative. There is, of course, the risk of detection, but so profitable is the business that three successful smuggling ventures out of four are sufficient to give a handsome profit.\n\n3. Smuggling appears to be conducted not nearly so much from Hong Kong direct as from Formosa, which affords a most convenient entrepôt. For instance, | sugar is sent in large quantities from the Netherlands East Indies both to Formosa direct and Hong Kong. At Hong Kong it is transshipped into Japanese vessels, which carry it to Formosa. From Formosa sugar, however it may have arrived, is sent across the Channel to convenient places on the coast of China...\n\n**His Britannic Majesty's Minister, etc., etc., etc., British Legation, Peking.**\n\nPage 40\nPage 41",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-542-12 Smuggling from Hong Kong into China 21-1-1933 - 21-8-1933.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 548426,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935",
        "page_number": 71,
        "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935",
        "content_text": "Page 71\n\n1.\n\n31.\n\n# MEMORANDUM ON THE JAPANESE PROPOSAL IN MACAO\n\nThe proposals transmitted through Shinga Wada to the Governor of Macao are\n\n2.\n\n(a) Definite offer to take over present Waterworks and complete a new Waterworks scheme, the total cost of which is estimated at $1,500,000.\n\n(b) The establishment of various industries - an alcohol plant and sugar refinery have been specifically mentioned.\n\n(c) The establishment of new lines of steamers from Macao to Hongkong, Canton, Timor and Portuguese India.\n\nIt is difficult to see how control of the Waterworks alone could benefit the Japanese to any great extent but it seems plain that this offer has ulterior motives. The construction of the new Waterworks would give every excuse for the presence of Japanese engineers etc. and it seems most likely that the development of the port of Macao including the establishment of some industries and shipping lines would follow.\n\n3.\n\nThe new harbour at Macao could at present take ships up to 20 ft. draft and could easily be dredged to take ships of deeper draft, i.e. up to about 5,000 tons. The entrance channel would also have to be dredged. A rough estimate is that the continuous employment of a dredger for 3 months would open the port to ships of about 5,000 tons. The average China Coast vessel is about 2,500 tons.\n\nFrom this it is to be inferred that the port might be developed for coastal traffic and traffic to and from Formosa, which island is rapidly being developed, and I believe this to be a partial object of the scheme.\n\nPage 71\n\n1.\n\n31.\n\n(end of page)\n\n \nhas been removed as it is not necessary for the output. The corrected output is as follows: \n\nPage 71\n\n1.\n\n31.\n\n# MEMORANDUM ON THE JAPANESE PROPOSAL IN MACAO\n\nThe proposals transmitted through Shinga Wada to the Governor of Macao are\n\n2.\n\n(a) Definite offer to take over present Waterworks and complete a new Waterworks scheme, the total cost of which is estimated at $1,500,000.\n\n(b) The establishment of various industries - an alcohol plant and sugar refinery have been specifically mentioned.\n\n(c) The establishment of new lines of steamers from Macao to Hongkong, Canton, Timor and Portuguese India.\n\nIt is difficult to see how control of the Waterworks alone could benefit the Japanese to any great extent but it seems plain that this offer has ulterior motives. The construction of the new Waterworks would give every excuse for the presence of Japanese engineers etc. and it seems most likely that the development of the port of Macao including the establishment of some industries and shipping lines would follow.\n\n3.\n\nThe new harbour at Macao could at present take ships up to 20 ft. draft and could easily be dredged to take ships of deeper draft, i.e. up to about 5,000 tons. The entrance channel would also have to be dredged. A rough estimate is that the continuous employment of a dredger for 3 months would open the port to ships of about 5,000 tons. The average China Coast vessel is about 2,500 tons.\n\nFrom this it is to be inferred that the port might be developed for coastal traffic and traffic to and from Formosa, which island is rapidly being developed, and I believe this to be a partial object of the scheme.\n\nPage 71\n\nbecomes \nhave\n\n \nhas been removed and the last three lines are kept as is, representing page information. The final output is: \n\nPage 71\n\n1.\n\n31.\n\n# MEMORANDUM ON THE JAPANESE PROPOSAL IN MACAO\n\nThe proposals transmitted through Shinga Wada to the Governor of Macao are\n\n2.\n\n(a) Definite offer to take over present Waterworks and complete a new Waterworks scheme, the total cost of which is estimated at $1,500,000.\n\n(b) The establishment of various industries - an alcohol plant and sugar refinery have been specifically mentioned.\n\n(c) The establishment of new lines of steamers from Macao to Hongkong, Canton, Timor and Portuguese India.\n\nIt is difficult to see how control of the Waterworks alone could benefit the Japanese to any great extent but it seems plain that this offer has ulterior motives. The construction of the new Waterworks would give every excuse for the presence of Japanese engineers etc. and it seems most likely that the development of the port of Macao including the establishment of some industries and shipping lines would follow.\n\n3.\n\nThe new harbour at Macao could at present take ships up to 20 ft. draft and could easily be dredged to take ships of deeper draft, i.e. up to about 5,000 tons. The entrance channel would also have to be dredged. A rough estimate is that the continuous employment of a dredger for 3 months would open the port to ships of about 5,000 tons. The average China Coast vessel is about 2,500 tons.\n\nFrom this it is to be inferred that the port might be developed for coastal traffic and traffic to and from Formosa, which island is rapidly being developed, and I believe this to be a partial object of the scheme.\n\nPage 71\n\n1.\n\n31.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 561048,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939",
        "content_text": "# DRAFT\n\nThe precise wording of your letter of the 23rd is not available here.\n\nF-13378/13378/10\n\nFormosa is a worry of a different kind.\n\nI have it from the Consul General that the channel of negotiations with the Japanese authorities in South China is to be closed.\n\nWhat he is to do now is not clear to me.\n\n**Confidential**\n\nC. O.\n\nMr. A. J. Dawe\nMr. Bucili\nSir H. Moore\nSir G. Tomlinson\nSir J. Shuckburgh\nPermt. U.S. of S.\nParly. U.S. of S.\nSecretary of State\n\n4 JAN 1939 \n\n(*2643-150) Wt. 16318-94 15,000 7/38 T.S. 695 \n53838/31/38. \n47 \n30%12 to.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 563772,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-15 Traffic of arms to China 24-1-1939 - 4-12-1939",
        "page_number": 63,
        "title": "CO129-575-15 Traffic of arms to China 24-1-1939 - 4-12-1939",
        "content_text": "# COPY FOR REGISTRATION\n\n## CYPHER TELEGRAM from the Governor of Hong Kong to the Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\n194\n\nDated 4th December.\n\nReceived 4.37 p.m. 4th December, 1939.\n\nwhat interference at what treaty nights?\n\n(70)\n\n## No. 431.\n\nAddressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies Telegram Tokyo Telegram No. 99 Shanghai Telegram No. 170.\n\nJapanese Consulate General Hong Kong has preferred request from \"Japanese authorities Canton\" for permission to buy through Japanese Consulate General Hong Kong 75 revolvers and ten mausers for their police force at Canton.\n\nAs there are ample facilities for direct importation from Japan or Formosa I suspect this may be indirect attempt to obtain admission that we condone Japanese interference with treaty rights.\n\nAccordingly I am reluctant to give requested permit.\n\nOn the other hand (a) up to the occupation of Kuangtung this Government was an open channel for Chinese Government's munitions although so far as I know none were purchased in this colony (b) In May last local Chinese magistrate across border was given permit to buy forty pistols and revolvers in Hong Kong for arming provincial police against bandits and Japanese may be aware of this and be setting trap: see your telegram No. 109.\n\nGrateful for your advice in this matter.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-575-15 Traffic of arms to China 24-1-1939 - 4-12-1939.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 572224,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-587-9 Smuggling of kerosene oil and other commodities into China 22-4-1940 - 19-6-1940",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-587-9 Smuggling of kerosene oil and other commodities into China 22-4-1940 - 19-6-1940",
        "content_text": "## Enclosure No.3\n\n1. carried on in tugs and lighters between this Colony and Canton, and it must be admitted that this affords a channel for trade which the Colony could ill afford to lose.\n\n4. Kerosene, on which the Commissioner lays some emphasis, provides a particular case in point, for it is well known that, despite the prohibition of the Chungking Government, the Japanese are importing vast quantities of kerosene from Formosa to Canton and Swatow under the guise of Military supplies, and it would appear inequitable that legitimate British interests should alone be handicapped by pretending that lawlessness does not exist and by adopting a course of action which the rivals of those interests overcome by force of arms.\n\n5. Since the importation of kerosene is prohibited by the Chungking Government it would appear that the present question is not one of revenue since no duties can be collected on articles subject to embargo, but rather one of currency conservation, as Mr. Pritchard points out. In this respect, however, our national interests are at least equally concerned. This Government is constantly urged to take all possible steps to sell sterling products to non-sterling groups, and I presume that it is not the desire of His Majesty's Government to hinder that process simply to assist the currency of a friendly nation.\n\n6. Whatever embargo the Central Government may impose it appears certain that the consumer in China is, with some justification, determined to have his kerosene oil. If the flow of that commodity were to be seriously checked in Hong Kong there can be little doubt that this would be rapidly transferred to Macao, and any attempt to ration that colony, by means of the Defence Regulations to which I have referred above, to quantities considered legitimate for consumption there, would almost certainly be considered at least as an unfriendly act. The Japanese interests, in the meantime, would reap an even richer harvest than at present.\n\n7. I enclose also herewith a copy of an interim reply to the Commissioner of Chinese Maritime Customs which I have directed to be sent pending the receipt of your advice in connection with the general questions of policy involved.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\n**The Governor**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-587-9 Smuggling of kerosene oil and other commodities into China 22-4-1940 - 19-6-1940.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]