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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-001 - Sir Hug Cough-s China Military Correspondences - 1841-1843",
        "page_number": 244,
        "title": "CO129-001 - Sir Hug Cough-s China Military Correspondences - 1841-1843",
        "content_text": "\n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nin Alphabetical, i, e., \n\nEnglish List \n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nin Alphabetical, i, e., English List. \n\nARTICLES. \n\nWriting Desks \n\nClass XII.-Imported Wines, Preserves, Spirits, &c. \n\nDressing Cases \n\nWine and Beer, in quart bottles \n\nJewellery of Gold and Silver \n\nCutlery, Swords, &c. . \n\nAll the foregoing, and any other miscellaneous articles of the same description, 5 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nClass IX.-Gold and Silver Bullion, and Specie. \n\nDuty free \n\nClass X-Imported Cotton, Fabrics of Cotton, &C. &C. Canvas Cotton \n\nLead, in pigs, or manufactured \n\nSteel, unmanufactured \n\nTin. \n\n\" \n\nin pint bottles in cask \n\n\" \n\nClass XIII-Imported Metals. \n\nARTICLES. \n\nCopper, unmanufactured as in pigs \n\nmanufactured as in sheets, rods, &c. Iron, unmanufactured as in pigs . \n\nmanufactured as in bars, rods, &c. \n\nTin Plates, not formerly in the Tariff \n\nLong Cloth, white, formerly divided into superior \n\nand inferior fine cotton cloth \n\nAll other Metals, as Zinc, Yellow Copper, &c., not herein enumerated, 10 per cent, ad valorem. \n\nCambrics and Muslins \n\nCottons, grey, or unbleached, domestic, &c., for- \n\nClass XIV-Imported Jewellery. \n\nmerly classed as coarse long cloth \n\nARTICLES. \n\nTwilled Cottons, grey \n\nCornelians \n\nChintz and Prints, of all kinds \n\nCornelian Beads \n\nCotton Yarn and Cotton Thread \n\nBullock's and Buffalo's Horns \n\n+ \n\nARTICLES, \n\n+ \n\n+ \n\nLinen, fine, not formerly in the Tariff \n\nBunting \n\nAll other imported articles of this class, as Ginghams, Pullicates, Dyed Cottons, Vel- veteens, Silk and Cotton Mixtures, Coarse Linen, and Mixtures of Cotton and Linen, &c., &c., 5 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nClass XI-Imported Fabrics of Woollen, Silk, &c. &c. \n\nHandkerchiefs, large \n\nsmall \n\nGold and Silver Thread, superior or real \n\nNarrow Cloths, as Long Ells, Cassimeres, &c. &c. 47 \n\nWoollen Yarn \n\nBlankets \n\nClass XV-Imported Skins, Teeth, Horns, &c. \n\nCow and Ox hides, tanned and untanned Sea-Otter Skins \n\nFox Skins, large and small \n\nTiger, Leopard, and Martin Skins Land-Otter, Racoon, and Shark Skins Beaver Skins \n\nHare, Rabbit, and Ermine Skins \n\nElephant's Teeth, 1st quality, whole \n\nAll new goods imported, which it has not been practicable to include herein, 5 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nAll Foreign Rice, and other Grain, duty free \n\nSea Horse Teeth \n\ninferior, or imitation \n\n>> \n\nBroad Cloth, Spanish Stripes, &c. \n\nCamlets (Dutch) \n\nCamlets \n\nImitation Camlets or Bombazettes \n\nAll other fabrics of wool, or of mixed wool and \n\nsilk, wool and cotton, &c. 5 per cent, ad valorem. \n\nShipping Dues. \n\n2nd \n\nbroken \n\nClass XVI. \n\nClass XVII. \n\nThese have hitherto been charged upon the measurement of the ship's length and breadth, at so much per chang: but it is now agreed to alter the system, and charge according to the registered statement of the number of tons of cargo the ship may carry. On each ton (reckoned equal to the cubic contents of 122 tow,) a shipping charge of five mace is to be levied and all the old charges of measurement, entrance and port-clearance fees, daily and monthly fees, &c., are to be abolished. \n\nTaoukwang, 33rd year, 8th month, \n\n(July 1843. \n\nGov.-Genl \n\nL. 8. \n\nL S \n\nof \n\nof \n\nthe Supt. \n\nof \n\nCustoms. \n\nof the \n\nTwo Kwang: \n\nL. S. \n\nof \n\nHigh \n\nCommis- sioner. \n\nL. S: of Governor \n\nof Canton. \n\nday. \n\n(A true abstract-reference numbers to the Alphabetic List being inserted in place of the amounts of duty, those amounts having been carefully compared and found correct.) \n\n(Signed) J. ROBT. MORRISON, \n\nChinese Secretary and Interpreter. \n\nGENERAL REGULATIONS, under which the British Trade is to be conducted at the Five Ports of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai. \n\n1. Pilots. \n\nI. Pilots to be \n\nWHENEVER a British merchantman shall arrive off any of the five ports opened to trade, viz., Canton, Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, or Shanghai, granted imme- pilots shall be allowed to take her immediately into port; and in like diately; and manner, when such British ship shall have settled all legal duties and charges, and is about to return home, pilots shall be immediately granted to \n\ntake her out to sea, without any stoppage or delay. \n\nRegarding the remuneration to be given these pilots, that will be Remuneration to equitably settled by the British Consul appointed to each particular port, be settled at each who will determine it with due reference to the distance gone over, the port. risk run, &c. \n\n11. Custom-house Guards. \n\nII. One or two. \n\nThe Chinese Superintendent of Customs at each port will adopt the means that he may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering by Custom-house fraud or smuggling. Whenever the pilot shall have brought any British guards to be at merchantman into port, the Superintendent of Customs will depute one or \n\ntached to each ship.. two trusty Custom-house officers, whose duty it will be to watch against frauds on the revenue. These will either live in a boat of their own, or stay \n\non board the English ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food No fees to be and expenses will be supplied them from day to day from the Custom-house, charged for their and they may not exact any fees whatever from either the Commander or maintenance. Consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount so exacted. \n\nIII. Masters of Ships reporting themselves on arrival. \n\nWhenever a British vessel shall have cast anchor at any one of the above-mentioned ports, the Captain will, within four and twenty hours after made to, and ships' III. Report to be arrival, proceed to the British Consulate, and deposit his ship's papers, bills papers, &c., to be of lading, manifest, &c., in the hands of the Consul; failing to do which, he deposited with, the will subject himself to a penalty of two hundred dollars. \n\nConsul. For presenting a false manifest, the penalty will be five hundred For false manifest: Penalty for neglect; dollars. \n\nFor breaking bulk and commencing to discharge, before due permission And for breaking shall be obtained, the penalty will be five hundred dollars, and confiscation bulk before per- of the goods so discharged. \n\nmitted. \n\nCommunication of \n\nThe Consul, having taken possession of the ship's papers, will imme- diately send a written communication to the Superintendent of Customs, arrival to the specifying the register tonnage of the ship, and the particulars of the cargo Superintendent of she has on board; all of which being done in due form, permission will then Customs. be given to discharge, and the duties levied as provided for in the Tariff. \n\nIV. Commercial Dealings between English and Chinese Merchants. \n\nIV. Mode of ì \n\nIt having been stipulated that English merchants may trade with what- ever native merchants they please,-should any Chinese merchant fraudu- proceeding against lently abscond or incur debts which he is unable to discharge, the Chinese fraudulent debtors, authorities, upon complaint being made thereof, will of course do their utmost agents, &c. \n\nto bring the offender to justice; it must, however, be distinctly understood, that if the defaulter really cannot be found, or be dead, or bankrupt, and there be not wherewithal to pay, the English merchants may not appeal to the former custom of the Hong Merchants paying for one another, and can no longer expect to have their losses made good to them. \n\nPußers",
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    {
        "id": 217953,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "page_number": 234,
        "title": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843",
        "content_text": "\nCHINESE \n\nPAPERS RELATIVE TO EMIGRATION OF \n\nThe Government have resolved that should a Chinese immigration into the West Indies be LABOURERS. permitted, the people should for the present only be hired and shipped at the British settlements \n\nin the Straits of Malacca. \n\nEncl. 2 in No. 12. \n\nIf the colonies would pay the whole expense as a bounty, and leave the labourer quite free after arrival, this would be the simplest course. But failing this, such of the above questions as contemplate individuals repaying themselves by stoppage out of wages are inserted, and at \n\npassage any rate the colonies could hardly be expected to make a free gift of the home, \n\nEnclosure 2 în No. 12. \n\nMEMORANDUM respecting Chinese Immigration into the West Indies. \n\nboth out and \n\nBlackbrook, Monmouth, September 1, 1843. \n\nTHE Chinese within the Straits settlements, that is, Singapore, Maland, and Penang, amount probably in all to about 50,000, but to these must be added those in the Dutch settle- ments of Rhio, about 60 miles from Singapore, and who, as far as emigration is concerned, are just as available as those living under our own rule, for there is a daily uninterrupted inter- course between the parties, and in fact no distinction. I do not think these are fewer than 20,000. These Chinese settlers are not, as represented in the extract of a letter, all from Amoy, that is from the province of Fokein or Hokein; but from this province and that of Cantou, and the great majority from the latter. They were of course chiefly from the maritime ports of these provinces. A good many are from the island of Hainan, a poor but populous place. From the localities from which they issue, a great proportion are boatmen and fisher- and the kind of agricultural labour that the emigrants have been used to in their own country is the rearing of culinary vegetables and the culture of rice. The artizans among them consist in general only of carpenters and blacksmiths. They become hucksters, shop-keepers, and merchants only as colonists, and I fancy few of the emigrants have been of this class in China. Nearly all of them can read and write, and many are expert accountants with the aid of the San-pan. I know one very enterprizing merchant who had been for years a common porter. Having lived handsomely he died the richest man in Singapore. \n\nmen; \n\nChildren and women never leave China, in fact never leave their own localities, even when the men emigrate from one province or district of China to another. All the men are in the prime of life. No man brings capital any more than Irish labourers coming to England. Most of the emigrants come by the junks, and I have known a single junk bring 800. The number of junks which arrived at Singapore (they never go to Penang or Malacca) from the 27th of December to the 20th of April, 1843, and this embraces the whole season, was 111 of 17.000 tons burthen, and they brought 6,391 immigrants. Eighty-eight junks of 14,580 tons had the year before brought 6156 immigrants. Now these junks come from no less than 19 different ports of China, and nearly every one brought passengers, which indeed constitutes the most valuable part of the outward investment. European vessels occasionally bring \n\n16 Chinese immigrants, but the number is inconsiderable. In my time, some \n\nyears ago, the number of junks coming from China was about 12. The great increase has taken place since our occupation of the island in the bay of Amoy. \n\nThe Chinese settlers form matrimonial connexions wherever they go, and whenever they can, and in those countries to which they have been long accustomed to resort, as Java, Siam, and Cochin-China, a very considerable mixed population has been the result. These in the Malay language are called Peranakan, the nearest translation of which, although not quite a correct one, is Creole.\" All the Creoles are brought up as Chinese, and intermarry either with Creoles or genuine Chinese. They are considered as somewhat less industrious than the true Chinese, but over those they have the advantage of knowledge of locality, and the pos- session of two languages. \n\nAt Prince of Wales Island and Singapore there are a few sugar plantations in which the Chinese are the labourers; but to get labourers who will cultivate the cane, manufacture sugar, and distil rum, will not be a matter of the smallest difficulty, for the Chinese may be described as a sort of ambidextrous people who can turn their hands to anything. The provinces from which the immigrants chiefly come, Canton and Fokein, are the chief sugar producing ones of the Chinese empire. Besides this, the large sugar cultivation of Java, of Cochin China, and of the Phillipines, is understood by them. In Siam, and, I suppose, in the other places also, very high wages are occasionally given to foremen skilled in claying sugar, as much as 1000 dollars a-year, that is 2251. In the Straits' settlements generally, the culture of pepper is wholly in their hands; and at Singapore and the Dutch settlements the culture and manufacture of gambir, that is, a kind of terra japonica, which is largely produced for a masticatory among the eastern islanders, and of late years still more largely for exportation to this country to be used for tanning and dyeing. The same may be said of the manufacture of sago in the shape in which this article is now brought into the European market. Indeed, pearl sago was the discovery about twenty-five years ago, of a Chinese of Malacca. Now the cultivation and preparation of every one of these three articles is unknown in China, and they are consequently acquisitions made by the Chinese as colonists. In the same way they have become miners of gold to a large extent in Borneo, and of gold and silver in Tonquin; and both miners and smelters of tin in the Archipelago, of which last article the annual produce is at present probably equal to that of the mines of Cornwall, while it is a good deal better in quality. \n\nFrom the teeming population of China there can then be no difficulty in getting labourers in the prime of life, unencumbered by families, and fit to turn their hands to any employment, and this to any extent. But then comes the most difficult part of the subject; how their ser \n\nCHINESE LABOURERS TO THE WEST INDIES. \n\nvices are to be secured and remunerated. In the \"Extracts of Letters \"* their character is very correctly represented. They are a sober, diligent, industrious, intelligent, and money-loving people, without being a miserly one. From all the inconvenient prejudices of Hindostan they \n\nare wholly free. They like to make money, but they have not the faculty of hoarding it that distinguishes the penurious Hindoo, for they live more comfortably, and, when they can, more luxuriously than any other Asiatic people that I am acquainted with. They must be paid the full value of their labour, or otherwise there will be no making anything of them. In a word, they must be treated with the same consideration as any class of British labourers; if they are not, they become inevitably discontented, disorderly, and roguish. \n\nIn Singapore a Chinese labourer will earn as much as two natives of Coromandel, as three Bengalese, and as four Malays. In my time the wages of a Chinese day labourer, finding everything, used to be about 15 Spanish dollars a month, which, at 4s. 4d. per dollar, is 65s., or 321. 10s. a-year. But the labour market is now far better supplied, and wages are consi- derably lower. I shall suppose that good labourers may now be had at 10 dollars a month, which is equal to 211. 2s. 4d. a-year. Can the West Indian planter pay such wages? By one of the agreements contained in the \"Extracts of Letters,\" I perceive that a Chinese labourer engages to serve for two years at the average wages of 5 dollars a month; this is about 137. s. 4d. But we have to add lodging, suli fish, salt, and 45 lbs. of rice a month, with 20 dollars of passage-money and loss of labour during sickness. But all this is for the Mauritius, and not for Guiana or the West India islands, three times as far from the Straits of Malacca, and where the principal article of subsistence, rice-must be higher priced. \n\nI confess I entertain considerable doubts of the expediency of hiring Chinese labourers for the colonies, on the principle of an apprenticeship. My notion of the Chinese is, that they are industrious and diligent only when they are working for themselves, and see profit in the face at every \n\nhour of their labour. An experience of their character in this respect, hinders them from being employed on fixed daily or monthly wages in the Straits settlements, wherever it can be avoided. The Chinese labourer, who, working on his own behalf, or by job work for another, would earn 15 dollars a-month, I am confident would not produce to an employer 10 dollars a-mouth on day wages. But the experiment has been tried, or is under trial in the Mauritius, with 1000 labourers, and the result will be worth all the opinions on the subject that ever can be given. \n\nThere is another drawback against the employment of the Chinese in the colonies, or at least one that will exist for a number of years,--the want of a common language for commu- nication, and the necessity for employing interpreters. There are two distinct languages spoken by the Chinese ordinary colonists, not mutually intelligible. These are the languages of Canton and Fohkien, and in our courts of justice in the Straits settlements we must have two interpreters. These are always Creole Chinese, and communicate with us through the easy Malay, a language known more or less to all resident foreigners. In the West Indies there can be no such channel of communication, and until the Chinese shall have acquired a smattering of English, as they have at Canton, the expense and incumbrance of interpreters cannot be got rid of. \n\nI perceive by the Extracts of Letters\" that the cost of an emigrant's passage from the Straits of Malacca to Guiana is estimated at about 127., which is about 57 Spanish dollars. Now, to the best of my recollection, the cost of a passage in a Chinese junk from Canton or Amoy, which in the right season is usually made for the one in seven or eight, and from the other in ten or twelve days, is not above five dollars. It is evident therefore that the Guiana planter in some shape or other, must pay the difference. Filial attachment is one of the most laudable qualities of the Chinese; indeed it is a religious and political duty. All those who quit China as emigrants, do so in hopes of returning to their families, and to the tombs of their fore- fathers, although but a small proportion do so. In all the countries in which they have here- tofore settled, they have the easy means of doing this, of hearing from their families, and of remitting funds to them through the junks. Of those facilities they must necessarily be deprived in the West Indies. \n\nThe Commissioners are of course aware that the experiment of Chinese labour was once tried at Trinidad about 30 years ago and failed, but this was during the period of slavery and in war time, when it was impossible that the experiment could have had in any respect a fair trial. Chinese labour was then much higher than it is now, and the means of procuring labourers not comparable to the present. \n\nI \n\nagree entirely with one of the opinions which seems to be implied by the Commissioners in their queries, that by far the most eligible plan will be for the Colonial Governments to take the matter wholly into their own hands, paying the passage money of the emigrants and leaving them on their arrival in the colony at perfect liberty to engage in any kind of labour, and on any terms they think proper. It is not necessary that the whole expenditure made on this account should be sacrificed. Each emigrant before embarkation may be called on to sign a personal bond payable within a reasonable stated time, for reimbursement of at least a portion of the fund advanced for his passage. As to the Government or private parties paying for the return passage, I think such an arrangement, except in very peculiar cases, will be inexpedient. The Chinese will certainly in great numbers, should the project as a labour scheme succeed, settle permanently in the West Indies, and a passage-money of 101. or 12. \n\n* Letters submitted by the West India Committee to Lord Stanley. \n\n† When pepper was extensively cultivated on Prince of Wales Island, the European owner of the land had the forest cleared by contract, and the vines planted by contract, and when the vines came into bearing, the plantation was farmed to the Chinese from year to year, on payment of a specific quantity of pepper. Any other plan would have ruined the capitalist.. \n\nCHINESE LABOURERS. \n\nH",
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        "id": 219634,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844",
        "page_number": 94,
        "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844",
        "content_text": "\n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nCorresponding to No. \n\nin Alphabetical, i. e., \n\nEnglish List. \n\nin Alphabetical, i en \n\nEnglish List, \n\nARTICLES. \n\nClass XII-Imported Wines, Preserves, \n\nSpirits, &c. \n\nWriting Desks \n\nDressing Cases \n\nCutlery, Swords, &c. . \n\nWine and Beer, in quart bottles \n\nJewellery of Gold and Silver \n\nAll the foregoing, and any other miscellaneous \n\narticles of the same description, 3 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nClass IX-Gold and Silver Bullion, and Specie. \n\nDuty free \n\nin pint bottles \n\nin cask \n\n\" \n\nClass XIII-Imported Metals. ARTICLES. \n\nCopper, unmanufactured as in pigs \n\nmanufactured as in sheets, rods, &c. \n\n\"\" \n\nIron, unmanufactured as in pigs \n\nA \n\nmanufactured as in bars, rods, &c. \n\nLead, in pigs, or manufactured \n\nClass X-Imported Cotton, Fabrics of Cotton, &c., §c. Canvas \n\nSteel, unmanufactured \n\nTin. \n\nCotton \n\nTin Plates, not formerly in the Tariff \n\nLong Cloth, white, formerly divided into superior \n\nand inferior fine cotton cloth \n\nCambrics and Muslins \n\nAll other Metals, as Zine, Yellow Copper, &c., not herein enumerated, 10 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nCottons, grey, or unbleached, domestic, &c., for- \n\nClass XIV-Imported Jewellery, \n\nto \n\nTwilled Cottons, grey \n\nChintz and Prints, of all kinds \n\nCotton Yarn and Cotton Thread \n\nHandkerchiefs, large \n\nsmali \n\nmerly classed as coarse long cloth \n\nLinen, fine, not formerly in the Tariff \n\nBunting \n\nAll other imported articles of this class, as Ginghams, Pullicates, Dyed Cottons, Vel- vetcens, Silk and Cotton Mixtures, Coarse Linen, aud Mixtures of Cotton and Linen, &c., &c., 5 per cent. ad valorem . \n\nClass XI-Imported Fabrics of Woollen, Silk, &c., &c. \n\nGold and Silver Thread, superior or real \n\nARTICLES. \n\nCornelians \n\nCornelian Beads \n\nClass XV-Imported Skins, Teeth, Horns, &c. \n\nBullock's and Buffalo's Horns \n\nCow and Ox hides, tanned and untanned \n\nSea-Otter Skins \n\nFox Skins, large and small. \n\nTiger, Leopard, and Martin Skins \n\nLand-Otter, Racoon, and Shark Skins Beaver Skins \n\nARTICLES. \n\nHare, Rabbit, and Ermine Skins \n\nSea Horse Terth \n\ninferior, or imitation \n\nElephant's Teeth, 1st quality, whole \n\nBroad Cloth, Spanish Stripes, &c. \n\nCamlets (Dutch) \n\nCamlets \n\nNarrow Cloths, as Long Ells, Cassimeres, &c. &c. 47 \n\nImitation Camlets or Bombazettes \n\nWoollen Yaru \n\nBlankets \n\n2nd \n\nbroken \n\nClass XVI. \n\n+ \n\nAll new goods imported, which it has not been practicable to include herein, 5 per cent. ad calorem. \n\nAll other fabrics of wool, or of mixed wool and \n\nsilk, wool and cotton, &c. 5 per cent. ad valorem. \n\nClass XVII. \n\nShipping Dues. \n\nAll Foreign Rice, and other Grain, duty free \n\nGENERAL REGULATIONS, under which the British Trade is to be conducted at the Five Ports of Canton, Amoy, Foochow, Ningpo, and Shanghai. \n\nI. Pilots. \n\nI. Pilots to be \n\nWHENEVER a British merchantman shall arrive off any of the five ports opened to trade, viz., Canton, Foochow, Amoy, Ningpo, or Shanghai, granted irame- pilots shall be allowed to take her immediately into port; and in like diately; and manner, when such British ship shall have settled all legal duties and charges, and is about to return home, pilots shall be immediately granted to take her out to sea, without any stoppage or delay. \n\nRegarding the remuneration to be given these pilots, that will be Remuneration to equitably settled by the British Consul appointed to each particular port, be settled at each who will determine it with due reference to the distance gone over, the port, risk run, &c. \n\n11. Custom-house Guards. \n\nII. One or two \n\nThe Chinese Superintendent of Customs at each port will adopt the means that he may judge most proper to prevent the revenue suffering by Custom-house fraud or smuggling. Whenever the pilot shall have brought any British guards to be at- merchantman into port, the Superintendent of Customs will depute one or two trusty Custom-house officers, whose duty it will be to watch against frauds on the revenue. These will either live in a boat of their own, or stay \n\n: \n\nThese have hitherto been charged upon the measurement of the ship's length and breadth, at so much per chang: but it is now agreed to alter the system, and charge according to the registered statement of the number of tons of cargo the ship may carry. On each ton (reckoned equal to the cubic contents of 122 tow,) a shipping charge of five mace is to be levied and all the old charges of measurement, entrance and port-clearance fees, daily and monthly fees, &c., are to be abolished. \n\nTaoukwang, 33rd year, 8th month, \n\n(July 1843. \n\nGov.-Genl \n\nL. S. \n\nof \n\nL. S. of \n\nthe Supt. \n\nof \n\nCustoms. \n\nof the Two Kwang: \n\nL. S. \n\nof \n\nHigh \n\nCommis- \n\nsioner. \n\nL. SA of Governor of Canton, \n\nday. \n\n(A true abstract-reference numbers to the Alphabetic List being inserted in place of the amounts of duty, those amounts having been carefully compared and found correct.) \n\n(Signed) J. ROBT. MORRISON, \n\nChinese Secretary and Interpreter. \n\ntached to each ship. \n\nT \n\nmaintenance, \n\non board the English ship, as may best suit their convenience. Their food No fees to be and expenses will be supplied them from day to day from the Custom-house, charged for their and they may not exact any fees whatever from either the Commander or Consignee. Should they violate this regulation, they shall be punished proportionately to the amount so exacted. \n\nIII. Masters of Ships reporting themselves on arrival. \n\nWhenever a British vessel shall have cast anchor at any one of the above-mentioned ports, the Captain will, within four and twenty hours after made to, and ships\" III. Report to be arrival, proceed to the British Consulate, and deposit his ship's papers, bills papers, &c., to be of lading, manifest, &c., in the hands of the Consul; failing to do which, he deposited with, the \n\nConsul. will subject himself to a penalty of two hundred dollars. \n\nbe five hundred For false manifest: Penalty for neglect; \n\nFor presenting a false manifest, the penalty will dollars. \n\nFor breaking bulk and commencing to discharge, before due permission And for breaking shall be obtained, the penalty will be five hundred dollars, and confiscation bulk before per- of the goods so discharged. \n\nmitted. \n\nThe Consul, having taken possession of the ship's papers, will imme- Communication of diately send a written communication to the Superintendent of Customs, arrival to the specifying the register tonnage of the ship, and the particulars of the cargo Superintendent of she has on board; all of which being done in due form, permission will then Customs. be given to discharge, and the duties levied as provided for in the Tariff. \n\nIV. Commercial Dealings between English and Chinese Merchants. \n\nIV. Mode of 1 \n\nIt having been stipulated that English merchants may trade with what- ever native merchants they please, should any Chinese merchant fraudu proceeding against lently abscond or incur debts which he is unable to discharge, the Chinese fraudulent debtors, authorities, upon complaint being made thereof, will of course do their utmost agents, &e. to bring the offender to justice; it must, however, be distinctly understood, that if the defaulter really cannot be found, or be dead, or bankrupt, and there be not wherewithal to pay, the English merchants may not appeal to the former custom of the Hong Merchants paying for one another, and can no longer expect to have their losses made good to them.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844.txt",
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        "id": 241638,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "content_text": "71\n\nNEW ADVERTISEMENTS.\n\nCOPPER PLATE PRINTING.\n\nPARTIES having their own ENGRAVED PLATE can have their Cards, &c., printed in the best style at the Office of\n\nThe Hongkong Register,\n\nof the respective Papers, which will secure early insertion.\n\nEverything taken at Cowloon will be sent to the Government Office, if not claimed before 4 o'clock.\n\nyou will receive an official communication from me, the bending of which I should be glad to avoid, but before the Mail goes I must know whether the stolen articles listed were way whet\n\nYours truly,\n\n(Signed)\n\nNOTICE—The Hours of Public Worship at the HONGKONG REGISTER UNION CHAPEL, Hollywood Road, are, on the Sabbath at 11 A.M., and at 7 P.M., and on the Evening of every Wednesday at 7 o'clock. Hongkong, 28th April, 1857.\n\nTO LET by the month, & Three capacious Rooms, capable of accommodating ten gentlemen, with apartments for any number up to that amount.\n\nApply to\n\nBOWRA & Co.\n\nHongkong, 28 April 1857.\n\nTo the Editor at the \"Hongkong Register.\"\n\nHONGKONG, 27th April, 1857,\n\nBIRTHS.\n\nAt Felaban on the 10th April, Mrs. J. CALOROSSET Sure, of a Daughter.\n\nAt Shangwe, on the 15th April, Mrs. H. KOONS, of a Daughter.\n\nAt Macao, on the 9th April, Mrs. B. E. CARNEIRO, of a Daughter.\n\nMARRIAGES.\n\nAt Trinity Church, Shangbae, on the 13th inst., by the Rev. John Halon, WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Esq. of Calcutta, to GUNA EMILY, third Daughter of George Hargreaves, Esq., Liverpool.\n\nOn board American Ship \"Celestial,\" in this harbour, on the 25th April, by the Rev. J. W. Johnson, John A. CREWS WALD, Esq. of Boston, to FRANCES ANNE, Daughter of Edwin Lemist, Esq., of Roxbury, Mass.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nDrowned, in March last, in the 37th year of his age, JOHN VAUGHAN, Esq., M.D., eldest son of the Revd Dr. Vaughan, of Regent's Park, London.\n\nAt Macao, on the 20th April, PATRICK STEWART, Esq., Acting British Consular Agent at that port.\n\nAt Hongkong, on Sunday, 26th April, of dysentery, THOMAS HOPE, eldest and sole surviving son of the Rev. M. C. C., Assistant Chaplain to the Forces. Aged 2 years.\n\nN., lat. 31.16 N., and long. 121.46 E.; on the 22nd, the British barque Whampoa, in lat. 28:21 N., and long. 122.1; on the 23rd, the British schooner Eamont, in lat. 25.24 N., and long. 119.56 E.; on the 24th, the British schooner Emily Elphinstone, in lat. 23.17 N., and long. 121.29 E. Passed the Lady Mary Wood, on the 22nd instant, to the Northward of Turnabout near the use of the Attorney General, and just outside Formosa, on the 24th instant, spoke the American brig \"Getes,\" whose gang of workmen were busily employed in setting up the large iron gates at the bottom of Gough Street.\n\nDEAR SIR—Having had occasion to be in Gough Street yesterday (Sunday) morning, I was surprised to see this usually quiet street a scene of bustle and activity, and thinking that I had seen it announced in the Colonial Gazette that no Government or Police work was allowed on the Sabbath, I merely wish to know: 1. If any new private instructions have been given to Contractors or others to set aside this Government order. 2. If not, it is a high disgrace that Government should allow its servants to employ labourers on public work on a \"day of rest.\"\n\nI merely state what I saw almost under the windows of our Lieutenant Governor's house and opposite the house of the Registrar General and the Collector of Police &c., several Chinese workmen were employed in repairing the road; lower down the street, near the house of the Attorney General, and just outside Formosa, on the 24th instant, spoke the American brig \"Getes,\" whose gang of workmen were busily employed in setting up the large iron gates at the bottom of Gough Street.\n\nVox Populi is not admissible on the ground, amongst others, that the writer falls into the errors which he condemns. In addition—the letter is anonymous.\n\nJ. BOWRING,\n\nTo the Honorable COLONEL DUNLOP,\n\nThe Colonel issues the following Memo., attaching to it the Governor's letter, which requires that all the stolen property be forthwith returned to the Government Office:\n\n[No. 17—APRIL 29, 1857.]\n\nMemo. The undersigned offers notice that parties who have any articles which were taken at Cowloon will immediately return them to this Office. Officers are requested to state their names, or that they have returned all to this Office.\n\nBy order,\n\n(Signed) JOHN KING, Captain,\n\nTown Major.\n\nTOWN MAJOR'S OFFICE, 25th April, 1857.\n\nThe officers naturally felt annoyed at having such accusations made against them, and their several replies are amusing enough. They run thus:\n\n1. \"Have nothing—I never took anything.\"\n\n2. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\n3. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\n4. \"Seen.\"\n\n5. \"Not a legal question—stole nothing.\"\n\n6. \"Stole nothing.\"\n\n7. \"Stole nothing.\"\n\n8. \"Stole nothing: the two hats Dr. Bridges said there was no bar in taking. I have already returned.\"\n\n9. \"I have stolen nothing.\"\n\n10. \"Has stolen nothing.\"\n\n11. \"I took nothing away from Cowloon.\"\n\n12. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\nThis was not all; one of them afterwards wrote a letter demanding an apology under the threat of \"court of inquiry.\" We have not this intermediate correspondence, but the fellow who signs himself \"X X X\" in the China Mail, has said, so it has come to pass, the Registration Ordinance is progressing, and we have an altered and amended—if not improved draft copy of the Ordinance in the last Government Gazette.\n\nThe Band of the 59th Regiment will be performing to-morrow on the Parade Ground, weather permitting, at 4½ p.m., the following pieces:—\n\nMarch—\"Souvenir des Alpes\"—Leitzer.\n\nPolka—\"Jalve.\"\n\nSelection 4—\"Quadrilles Mouton.\"\n\nWaltz—\"Auf dem Lufte, Gung'—Strauss.\n\nGallop—\"Corsa\"—Kulorer.\n\nWe beg to return our sincere thanks to His Excellency Sir John Bowring Knt. LL.D. &c. for so kindly furnishing us with the precis of the contents of the papers taken at the attack on Cowloon, &c.\n\nBetween that and \"stolen\" there is a mighty difference in the minds of some people. We will illustrate the difference by telling the following story:—A Leith wine merchant whose business had been declining, and upon whom a strong desire for military fame just at the same time fell, was glad to take service with Don Pedro when he contended with Miguell for the throne of Portugal.\n\nIt would have been for him had he in the course of his universal acquirements stumbled upon the precaution of the good Chamundas; or had looked nearer one at the protector-te of Olyfe the hammer, when the community was governed without Laws. Back leginnion, however, was not suited to the busy, meddling mind of Wilmi le Teary. On the contrary, he conceived that the true wisdom of legislation consisted in the multiplicity of laws. He accordingly had great punishments for great crimes, and little punishments for little offences. By degrees the whole surface of society was cut up by ditches and fences, and quickset hedges of the law, and even the sequestered paths of private life so hemmed by petty rules and ordinances, too numerous to be remembered, that one now] could walk a large within the risk of having off a spring-gun or falling into a man-trap—\"Knicker\"-bocker's History of New York.\"\n\nTo the Editor of the \"China Mail.\"\n\nThe COVENT, 1st April, 1857.\n\nDEAR MR. F——\n\nMy wife (who can fight anticly for my peace of mind) derives her views of Hongkong politics from the Friend of China. Upon the ideas of the mild expositor of Sir John's responsibilities, she grafts a few of her own, and the following shortly shadows forth the result.\n\nWas Colony ever at such a pass\n\nWhat with poison, Sed riots, de dear that gas.\n\nA pretty large role of ill it will sum to\n\nThe taxes increasing, such a state the police in,\n\nAnd coolies refusing to carry our chairs;\n\nIf you'd know why this was, it is simply because\n\nThat horrid Sir John's authe Board of affairs!\n\nHe has truly thrown things in a terrible mix,\n\nAnd no wonder it is that with ge we are tow'ring;\n\nLa jury pays a,\" when the public\n\nWhy, who is the party to blame but Sir John?\n\nThe responsible man.—if your servants are capable,\n\nIf your carriage raptures, or child falls down stairs,\n\nFor sourbour, bad potatoes, or premature babi\n\nIs that dreadful old man at the head of affairs!\n\nJust look how he went and black-holed those poor bakers,\n\n(As it must be admitted they'd given you cause,)\n\nAl then four out Murrow & Co. to be breakers\n\nBy housing some coolies) of liberty's laws.\n\nFor struggling young orlenists ain't le a rush nares.*\n\nNor Christian nor Pagan is safe from his energet\n\nHet in happy to heap our dear chaplain's dham Gua\n\nThis cruel old man at the head of affairs!\n\nIf the ad come too late, or fire catches a chimney,\n\nIf our sleep is histure'd by a noisy cock,\n\nEve it a man-of-war strikes on a rock.\n\nf the sun is too hot, or the street lamps burn dim—nay,\n\nthe bugs at the school of St Andrew are lousy,\n\nOr the 59th Band plays unpopular airs;\n\nIf offcids are idle, or paracas are affils!\n\nIt's all the old as it the head\n\nBy his hobbies not only the clothes get se mangled,\n\n\"That buttons and darts take the wake of one's timiz,\n\nBut we're liable, too, in our beds t\n\nto be strangled,\n\nAnd he won't hang the man who emitted the crime.\n\nJould know how his sid yazilation\n\nIf he the load of ane's family rates,\n\nIncremes\n\nHe would practise (what I can't, fin enre) resignation,\n\nAnd put that dear end at the head of affairs.\n\n(Morita loquitur)\n\nAnd now. you've done, pray let me have a word to\n\n(That politics sextainly not a good hand)\n\nI would have you remember it's very absurd, to\n\nTalk about things that you don't understand.\n\nIf he'd three heads, His Cerberas, still be'd have reason\n\nTo say he's tough work to grizzle his air;\n\nAnd I really believe, in' you'll think it high tresom,\n\nWo might have a wote inan at the head of affairs.\n\n*Tron, WELDA.\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 26 APRIL 1857.\n\nRooms, where such documents as the government desires to make known are supplied for the use of all the papers without respect to party or color. It would of course be expecting too much from a man who was only a radical member of parliament any such liberality—that style of individual does not act in such a way. All his liberality is expended in clap-trap, and when the time of action comes, he is found to be nothing but a windbag—As for the Mail we could expect no courtesy from it in such a case.\n\nThe Coromandel returned to harbour on the morning of the 26th, from the survey of the rock on which the unfortunate Raleigh struck. The survey was made by Captain Bates, who was accompanied by Mr. Williams, Master of the state that so well known Raleigh, and when then for him.\n\nAs we are a day behind the for, thanks to our kind friends, the above firm, we think it unnecessary to republish the documents, but we call attention to the reasonable inference drawn by the\n\nThere is one drop of comfort in this bucket of filth—the Ordinance never will be carried out, not even when the gloss of novelty is upon it. There is no staff of officials to carry it out.\n\nWe may therefore rest satisfied that the minds of the Chinese will not be undermined by this Ordinance, and the only bad effect of it will be to disgrace a British Statute book. Spies there are, and will be—like other vermin they are useful and can be dispensed with; but the more we can do without them the better, and we hope never to see the day when the inhabitants of a whole colony shall turn spies, and no one however respectable be safe.\n\nThe Sampson has had an engagement with pirates near Mi-chin bay, to the South of the entrance of the Straits of Hainan. The steamer had followed them up to this place which it appears they have made their rendezvous for some time past.\n\nThe result of a sharp and successful contest was the complete defeat of the Pirates who were compelled to retire, having about 200 killed, wounded, or prisoners, in the hands of the assailants. We have not heard of any serious casualties to any of the Sampson crew.\n\nXI. A Chinese Houses shall be divided into things or Káp of Ten Houses each, wherein every Occupier of a House shall answer to Her Majesty for the good conduct of the occupiers of the other nine; and Occupier of a House shall be Kápcheong or Thingman to be elected by common vote of the said Tithing or Kap to that office, subject to the approval of this Government, and he shall be the proper Representative of the said Tithing or Kap, and be distinguished by some Badge to be appointed by His Excellency, and he shall hold his said office during one year; and no other person shall assume the title or badge of Kápcheong of such Tithing or Káp.\n\nXIV. It shall be the duty of every Occupier of House to report to his Kápcheong without delay, to the utmost of his skill and knowledge, all Cases, Suspicions of Crime, committed or to be committed, and respectively, for all the purposes of this Ordinance, to be aiding and assisting to the said Kápcheong in the execution of the same; and further, to do his utmost to prevent all crimes, felonies, and misdemeanours, and to apprehend all persons whom he shall find in the actual commission of the same.\n\nIV. It shall be the duty of the Kápcheong to communicate forthwith to the Registrar General all such reports as in Section Fourteen are mentioned, when the same are received by him; and likewise to report to him to the utmost of his skill and knowledge, all Cases, or Suspicions of Crime, whether reported from the Kap or not; and in all other respects to discharge the duties and exercise the powers of a Constable of the Police Force of Hongkong, so as the same are altered by this Ordinance.\n\nThis is the spy system on which the Ordinance rests.\n\nWe give below part of a correspondence between Sir John Bowring and the officers who were employed on the descent lately made on Cowloon, powerful in her armament and crew as the Sampson is.\n\nGovernment Office, 25th April, 1857.\n\nMY DEAR COLONEL—I have been quite shocked to hear that, among other things, the official sent were eiti- Register\" or \"Register's Advertiser, please address to the \"Printer and Publisher\n\nWe further learn that the Chinese captured have been given up to the Mandarins at Amoy, and that the Portuguese taken are to be handed over to the Macao Authorities.\n\nThe expedition to Chek-chun was accompanied by Mr. Wan and acquainted with only one of the inculpating facts by surprise. A large number of \"braves\" were found concealed in the city, and a few house before the attack.\n\nThere is no evidence that poisoning as an art has been practiced in China, and we search her annals in vain for a case parallel to that of Hongkong.\n\nThe pith failed through the dilatoriness of the mandarins sent for distribution among a portion of the attacked force, & quantity of a perennial creeper found on the hills of the central provinces. Its botanical character, as well as its precise physiological action, we have yet to ascertain.\n\nIts active principle appears to be highly volatile, and great exactness is needed in preparing it. Several of Mr. Markwick's gold wristlets were found concealed in a two watchkeys, a ring, and a gold watch and chain had also been pawned to pay a gambling debt, but were not in league with the police.\n\nThe expedition to Cowloon was accompanied by Dr. Bridges, Mr. Caldwell being confined to his room with illness and though the inslemency of the weather prevented it from starting till day light, several hours after the time contemplated, the soldiers were within a hundred yards of the fort ere the Chinese thought of even closing the gates.\n\nThe doors were instantly scaled, the gates opened, and the fort taken possession of, without the longest violence being used towards the Chinese.\n\nIt is said that not far from every poison tree the antidotes were ordered from the Pacific to join Commandant was of course in a state of great alarm.\n\nNOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\nShanglus, 23d March, 1857. (From North-China Herald, March 29.)\n\nNotice is hereby given, that in pursuance of arrangements made by the Chinese Authorities for the improvement of the navigation of the Yangtze Kiang, Eight patriotic Iron Nan Boyus have been moored between Chatela Island and Woosung. These have been laid down by M. GEORGE L. CAER, Master, N., in the following positions :-\n\nOn the South Sand, three painted Black, and numbered 3, 9, 5.\n\nOn the North Sand, three painted Red, and numbered 2, 1, 6.\n\nOn the North Spit, off the entrance of Woosung River, one painted Red, and numbered 9.\n\nThe bearings are all Magnetic.\n\nThe Light Ship is moored in 4½ fathoms, at low water, Spring Tides.\n\nThe Trevs upon Block House island bear from N. 15,0,0 West, distance 3 miles.\n\nGO. 1. CA, Master. BN,\n\nBy Order,\n\nH. M. S. Pique.\"\n\nSECRETARY,\n\nNINGPO.\n\nA ROCK NOT NOTED IN THE CHARTS.\n\nThe Brig \"Mariner's Hope\" struck, right in the way of vessels going in to Ningpo from sea through the Fisherman's chain. She was 12 hours on the reef, and 3 feet under her stern at low water.\n\nThe bearings of a rock or reef on which the Brig \"Mariner's Hope\" struck, are as follows:\n\nSkald Island, S. & B., distance 3 cables,\n\nSouth extreme of Chiu-san, E ½ S.\n\nLarge Volcano, S. W. westerly Extremes of Ruggeds, N. N. W. W.,\n\nand N. X. E.\n\n62",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-068 - Sir Bowring - 1858 [5-12]",
        "content_text": "## NEW ADVERTISEMENTS. NOTICE, \n\n**Mr. GEORGE STRACHAN, ARCHITECT and SURVEYOR,** \n\n地出屋式 \n\nGage Street, Victoria, 1st May, 1858. \n\n月戊問士治額如地士未十午便荡街請貴八年可即到燉三行結光\n\n**JUST LANDED AND FOR SALE.** \n\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 12 | Patent WATER CLOSETS |\n| - | Also, Patent Electro-Plated Nickel Silver FORKS, and SPOONS. |\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18-May 4, 1858)\n\ndon't hamper selves with many goods for we fear he wanting. A small county town acquitted by the committee appointed to investigate...\n\nThe Hongkong Register. (No. 18.-MAY 4, 1858)\n\nthey give is.\" Be prepared for an outbreak in the successful carrying out the scheme will seem to be on the point of being frustrated. Mr. Bott has been using thin verdict will be flat Mr. Butt Tips, in the of Sitara and Coora Ameer of Scinde, and a King of load contemporary was taken to task by one of large stockholders on Hon... and comfortably quartered, the present. Few people believe the rumors of home has its hospital and its charities of ever great conduct, and we hope Dr. Bridges will... with the privileges of the foe of us, were that if he were to do a Court of Appeal from Hwang's aerial cognizance. He is supposed to heart; each party vies with its neighbor to advance also be acquitted were a committee appointed to investigate his connection as standing...\n\nvery near, and it seems even against Chinese common sense, that a person specially deputed is an event of the greatest importance; there are fairs to raise the small fund required, in which every one, gentle and simple, for miles around are interested. Here, where many cur...\n\na few days, we are sorry to say there is not a hospital.\n\ncurrent for the Opium monopolist. There, unfortunately for Dr. Bridges, there is no committee appointed, and so the clamor goes on unrefuted and slander of this kind never dies. We fortunate...\n\nto settle the affairs of foreigners, the news of the fall of Canton being now by those who accredited him, should not on learning the absence of the plenipotentiaries at the math, which news of money for a good purpose could be raised immediately are not the guardians of Dr. Bridges's good name must have reached him from Shanghae-in such a case, he would stride into Canton in all pomp and openness who would feel the least interest in the subject black as his gown for anything we or the public may be, and as simple barrister his name may be, and say Here I am, ready to arrange matters, after he had paid his subscription. We trust...\n\nwhere are your plenipotentiaries? A diplomatic may not continue, but that some of our principle the British Government representing British catch like that would not be...\n\nmissed by a Chinese man will try and do something, by giving both justice to the Chinese, we could less to a more diplomatist. A ranguotic telegraph is being laid their time and money to help forward to perfection tender care of it. He stands in the position down from the Magazine Hill to the Allied Wharf, so good a work as the establishment of a general of Caser's wife, he should not only be-not guilty. If he should not even be suspected. We publish the following minutes of a meeting are happy to believe, but that he is suspected we that Dr. Bridges bite Mr. Butt is not guilty we held on Thursday 29th ultimo for the purpose of establishing a General Hospital.\" We are impressed on the Chinese mind, and we more urgent business. Having inspected the opium monopolist were invited to attend, but were prevented by understand openly stated by Chun-tai-kwong, the buildings which it is intended to appropriate to clever men, all powerful with the governor or the government; that he can take, unmake, or \"That Dr. Bridges is a very adapted for the purpose. Of the skill of the superintending Physicist, Dr. Kenny, we need not and propitiated. All this may be true. say nothing as it would be presumption in us no and the Acting Colonial Secretary may still be a medical men to comment on the abilities of worthy, honest, hard-working government servant, gentleman so well and known esteemed. If the establishment of a general civil hospital alluded to in a previous article does not come to pass, the press...\n\nHongkong, 1st May, 1858.\n\nTHOS. HUNT & Co.\n\nFOR SALE\n\nRHOD...\n\nULES FOR STANSBURY'S MEASURING\n\nPRICE-25 Cents each, on Pasteboard,\n\nApply to\n\nMr. M. Hoza,\n\nat the \"Hongkong Register\" Office.\n\nthe late mailings out intelligence of the appointment of Dr. Harland as Colonial Surgeon, and as the salary is stated to be £800 per annum,\n\nwe for Dr. Harlan! will be prohibited from undertaking private practice. If we are right in this supposition the government have got a good man cheaply, and the community lost a very able professional attendant.\n\nThe duties of the office have latterly become very heavy, and are likely to become still more so, and it is much to be doubted that one person can discharge them satisfactorily, even devoting his whole time to the work. We learn further, the instructions have been sent out that a new civil hospital is to be built and that nothing more is to be done in the affair of the Bowring Praya.\n\nHongkong, 4th May, 1858.\n\nSTOLEN.\n\nGOLD LEVER WATCH, with enamelled dial,\n\nand GOLD CHAIN-Maker's Name, Bund and Laut, 41 Cornhill. Number of Watch. The Watch, with a lanyard and set of Studs were, at is supposed, attracted from the case between this and Canton about January. A handsome Reward will be paid for the recovery of the same.\n\nHongkong, 3d May, 1858.\n\nApply at this Office,\n\nThe Hongkong Register,\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 4TH MAY, 1858.\n\nParties sending Advertisements to the \"Hongkong Register\" or \"Register's Advertise,\" phrase address to the \"Printer and Publisher of the respective Papers, which will secure early attention to their Communications.\n\nsent Galertising has our best wishes:—Fr. Angelo Fr. Reina, and Fr. Long Mesore Kup Present—Revds. Fr. Jerome Mangier, Fr. MacMahon Block, Kenes, Hassoon, Isam. Werden, F. Sustaining...\n\nthat some means will be adopted for the purpose If a new civil hospital is to be erected we hope of incorporating the seamen's hospital with it. The resident surgeon of the seamen's hospital at the following showing the details of the loss that a barrister should get what he asks; he is The meeting was opened by the Revd. Fr. Jerome certainly cannot look upon it as an improper thing might become the resident surgeon of the civil hospital, and this would relieve the Colonial Surgeon from a heavy duty, while it enabled him to...\n\nGENTLEMEN—I am extremely happy to see you all at this meeting for discussing the expediency, and the means between the seller and buyer, the attorney and client. I am convinced that cure, ponder of the hospitals, or two private hospitals have been called upon to remark on this subject, the effect will be derived from the amalgamation of all the civil...\n\nview and to which, I am couleur you will general and client. The only ground on which we feel that owing to the departure of the medical bent, and plentifully alone, have actuated you in business may who opened them, but it was well known they wish I was able to express any gratitude in language equivalent to my sincere interest for this our of your kind coming this night my welcome guest and I sincerely it has on the Chinese. We pointed out the dianess which will not be un great, I hope, by the weight fl Colonial Secretary, and were we have the evil and civil hospitals. We fear the want of efficiency, to give a no harsher name, still continues. It is so did of your valuable advice and suggestions I should not call for any primary assistance...\n\nrealized. Dr. Bridges is in the Chinese eyes a man 41 years, Master of the receiving ship Mahamoudie and for many years in the employ of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.\n\nOne complaint is, and in the first place I beg leave to submit a few of my that when the monopolist engages his services as that the site is an unhealthy one that point own propositions to your consideration.\n\nF. DE SENSA Jr.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nAt Macao, on the 7th April, the Wife of Mr. Joaquin...\n\nAt Macau, on the 1st May, Mr. Isnacracto D. VIRKIRA KIBKRO.\n\nAt Victoria, Hongkong, on the 1st May, Mr. I. P. COLL...\n\nTO THE BRITISH COMMUNITY AT HONGKONG\n\nThe undersigned begs to inform the community that the Office of the British Consulate, this day has been transferred from WANPAO to HOKAN.\n\nCHAе. A. WINCHESTER, H.B.M.'s Acting Consul\n\nBritish Consulate for Canton,\n\nAnnexe of Houa, 29th April, 1858.\n\na ground floor in any situation is not well adapted for the purpose of a hospital--still less when high a land is...\n\nIt is intention to establish a General Hospital, in unsel that there is, there can be, no back-stairs of corruption to resort to how; perhaps he may expect this: Gardens and S. Francis Hospital and which show however, the monopolist finds himself compelled my father intention to have it well furnished with all it in surrounded by growing trees, and is alut in necessary materials for a proper Hospital, and to be on all sides by hills except where it faces the provided with experienced Doctors: will us in art, but is informed that...\n\ncounsel to attend for him before the Magistrate's harbor. Be this true or false, there is another change which is a tangible one, and the one on which we base our most complaints. The charge is. changed by a sufficient staff of Hospital servants to attend to the patients.\n\nThe gentlemen I intend to appoint are Dr. Vande... and Dr. Kenny the former Gentlemen lately arrived in this Colony, is a bachelor of questionable own count. creasing their diseases or acquiring new ones. fool the set of several languages which Mandarin Bridges; and with great dignity oỀ references oedh as to professional accomplishments, and enough to English people, but to the Chinese the All this is staple and straightforward We have personal experience of this being true at a fluently, and which will be exceedingly useful in least in our instance and a respectable merchant and ship owner made the same complaints to us sometime ago with a request that we would The latter Gentleman, whose abilities she too well three characters—first, as one of the law-makers, commission where he may meet with patients of all place great power is associated. chant and ship owner made the same complaints to Dolor expose it. Thinking it improbable that either known and ustalised, to any better certium, then, as one of the granters, and finally, as tue That is the so in the present case when we have one man in the trustees or the resident surgeon would sane- apply to them as the hurt and most effective...\n\nFellow of the naval College of Surgeons of England-41 tion such a thing we recommended the party to\" and is proposed to be consulting Doctor to the legal adviser and supporter of the monopolist in course to adopt to put a termination to a rival propositions, I think it well to apprise you of a few...\n\nhis monopoly we see however by report of a meeting held will fin exercises there without distinction of creed on view of their extent. te great sunl, certain- Mr. Isang Batt is, we understand, a very...\n\nA manual number of Inquests have been during the past few days held before the Coroner—one of them however of particular interest: A Chinese was killed by the falling in during the heavy rain of the 20 of an out-building in the course of erection on a Marine lot. 4 Swede was drowned in the harbor while bathing on Sunday the 25th alto. A man, discharged from...\n\nIt is evident that whether this proceeds from patients noting in a way so prejudicial to their carelessness or health, it should be stopped, whether...\n\nRunt of means to prevent the trustees of the seamen's hospital close to carry out or amalgamate it with the civil hospital.\n\nthe appropriate in relieving Papers, who will be received into the Hospital at once; and in the case of time to try point is, that he appears as the paid advocate, at truly desite will also be admitted. stion. In the Civil Hospital a Chinese died from he hoped a properly constructed hospital will be of the airs as the lipizi; to supply this defect, ara perhaps a little stronger in his case.\n\nThe list is no doubt their best course, for it is to that being missionary, I cannot by any means devote ages in the cause. This is the case as nearly as Lufe teal it incurent upon me to remark herehe the same time he holds the position of one of the effects of a gun shot wound received when escaperected on an eligible site in a central spot, of Grand Prus sery kindly tendered his duable aerof Coranous not doubting the honor of its ing from the Western Coal sheds, he having been which there are many that it will be well! vises and M. Braga, roster of the Medal members is yet so jealous of its privileges that it myself entirely the management and perintended. we can understand it of Dr. Bridges, if it be not there committing robbery. A verdier of wilful secured and watched, so that no such abuses can murder has been taught against some parties win!\n\nThe House made a particular attack on a conveying fel...\n\nHail,) deo will take an interest in it. to this market. Iu dar obituary there is the two hospitals would also enable the directors to means as way enable me to cry on these desigua...\n\nThe combination of the means of the to your very own hands to save and suggest such a imputation, and in this the curatituencies In couches, Gentlemen, I consign das proposals will not enfer a member to underlie the shade of...\n\nmamme of Cayman Cole of the Courser, lately wrecked on the Pratas.\n\nWe may have point out two of face—Ã mom- carry out one or two very necessary improvements. fortable set of sick rooms available for the young men of the colony, whether belonging to govern...\n\nwhich it has \n\nHuid Prẻ be the derrotary, \n\nTas news from Canton both public and private are of the most conflicting nature. One be treated for serious diseases with more care and attention than they can obtain in their wet houses set up at Fur Shan, and that it is assembling in the houses of their employers, where their press might be dangerous in cases of infectious another equally positive says No such a thing diseases to the atlier intrares-A portion of the near Fat Shan and The spital to be act mort for the treatment Foldiers place is perfectly quiet. There me the Sade Famous sad counter rumors on the subject of aner only of a temporary character. The fantalony he unlie? pan to atroci the patients.\n\nof the insane, whether the disease be permanent urine of laces of the amal strength (40,000 to 50,000). On this point we see mu besimation...\n\nthere are \n\n3. Kenny proposed Mr Grand the store, Hore we have the close corporation--the are at the details of the object for the formation of as to it or its members underlying grave charge. That a Committee be selected from this meeting to Legislative Council, showing to great impatience ment or the mercantile class, in which they might, that Mosses in Black, it is population. Eat beand this is a popular Reed. Macinon ha aproated a Comunitar, Pr...\n\nalz. Grand Pré proposed and it was unanimously carried that they are perhaps joined by the respectable almost probably they do not believe the large and fucome to be President and Fr. de la Croix added this Mition British and Foreign, and native above all, \n\nPison of the Hospit Mr. Gal P proposed, and it was carried that the Rev. Fr. Jerome, lesit e Founder new is a \n\nwas unanimously wine exactly to think, and as every thing un- secuted, that the Sisters of Charity in the the very worst.\n\nRev. Fr. McMahon proposed Mr. Grand Pré perhaps prepared to tanke up their and to think supposed to be worse than it really is, \n\nposition was also monin shy carried, \n\nW sak, in conclusion, er general readers Proposed by Fr. Jerome and Seeded by air. Sade peruse with care the accompanying article Privalaute or thanks he given to the Gentlemen from the Daily News on Mr. Butt's care. We nek win sa kindly accepted to set at.\n\nProposed by Mr. Kup and seled by Mfr. A. rent whether or not it would not more.\n\nvote is thanks be given to the Secretary its list it end save ten sold ar opes and fair market, dew, to his able conduet in the Ensin Sifeira, that are of tanks to given to Revd. the Gets of the case as to granting a mest udinis liberati in su recuti apcepting the ties id Secretary as to the withdrawal of the first groot, and difconsort with their honor, and open: c'eating, if all Proped by Mr. Block unt seeded by Mr. Issand oppressive monopoly un scaled tenders, when Nothing farther being left for discussion, thermitely as to the regranting it on the same ternis Esalse to theer on Thursday gezi, the 7th May, ka the...\n\nto the same pers, were mady known. And we \n\nin speaking confidently; there is no such army.\n\ns to need fustare polating cut.\n\nthe \n\nWe hear there is much acquisition in villages around, no doubt a great deal of big talk,\n\nalso be isolated buildings for a small pox There hospital and a lock hospital.\n\nIf in ndition a sanatoriure copii, na way long ago proposed in this paper, he erected on the top of Victa Penk, we might consider ourselves well way from Canton to Macau and Hongkong. As we predicted, the Cantooreze pre rising from their fortified to withstand any amount of tiny defent with mere insolence than ere; stones; discne. laze been thrown at offices and soldiers not to mener-getting-the heads of society are so e...\n\nWe fear, however, public spirit is lost an speak of the murderous assault on the policeman paged to making money as fast as they can that Stewart, and it is considered very unsafe to enter they may get back to their own country, that they the western part of the city. In the face of this have us time to care for the rany poor aferra the Europeans are living in Honais in the park nates tied to the island for a very long day, if not houses without even a corporal's guard to pro- for ever. sect them. Goods still go up, and although there is some nceusinese felt by the principal Chinese traders who have returned, yet the only advice...\n\n| \n\nto the meeting and Committee. \n\nThis \n\nhomes of Mr. Buck, to draw Rules and Regiations for the the Hospital.\n\nA. GRAND PRE\n\nNerred \n\nActing Colonist Secretary to give the public. which pays him, sogte expérnation of the very doubtiul position in which he at present stands :—— (beily Never.)\n\nsource of the success of such a scheint, would be. 1. for Youghal and W. T. Bridgee. Eaqrektious peaard by the Committee of the Charnam Mr. \n\nWe do not think outy, one great cases of leave Butt, Esq., Barrister and wanting, but something more than money is. C. L., Harrister and Member of the close car-r's me, it may be informed that the dir. mester has wanting-personal superintendence und an interes portion—the Legislative Council of flugkong, tren aited of the charge of breach of pra ilege, \n\nFrom: what has been allow vú to trucepire respecting the \n\nTo \n\nna weit is a portion of the Naval Brigade. The troops the officers of that regiment: -- \n\nwere left on board the transports Lancashire Witch und Tax Benged Hathara, of the 20th March, says with Mooresfort. at Whampoa and the French Contingent remained on board their own ships, except a ousall party in conjeful occupation \n\nreference to two aditional Native Regiments for th \n\nice in China- \n\nPoutres hundred sepoy belonging to the 65th and #2th Regiments N. 1. are now wigh at island, 30 they have not already arrived ut ur in the visity of Barrack port. As we all know they are destined for service in Cuma, provided they can be clarked on the rearts all which possage us ofen signed these, but not being ralunteers for the screire, they canne! in the whole e Looked upon as very willing soldiers vayer for forel ware,\" nnd we sind be able to state the exact numifer that my he proceeding to China, only on the authority \n\n3. the 181, (reclved a communication from Ule Bariul Bizin und Baron Gros, stating that the reply the Contaistioner had been received that is was most antislactory, and inviting the aavel and milhors and-chief to a saference board the Aulaccuse, to consider what further steps aliulit be taken, in consequence of Keb's determination to resist the very nurse decade of the two Governments, \n\n4. Tur conference was held un the 21st it, when it was determined that the pienipotentiaries should \n\nDe knocking at the dors tie Iluase of Coumene\n\nthese prvi of the \n\nthe inverse of Tabs, it would be overwhelmed with adelage India. basic enough co ungrosa tile whole the ovidence selitted to the committee crabile us, \n\ntime of tho bare. And the tuulia eniture, who A Morril, vus of the four Ameere of Upper Selnic, we setertido a boradigazy faith in the nipotence frihe med of turving acquired the interstance of the of Las in judicial proceedings would besiege these members with; dengnes by the presuction of a legal document. The pretura, which if u come the intimation of die James dim Government appelated a commision of the their argir, it would be perfectly air for them to lost heas 4 Prestige de large judicially. The secept. It was nice aged at a Nahub of Arcot bu Cammons in tris pay of an artisan cum te tor conclusion that the charge was eight members of the Host \n\nTim Court of Directors therungen proposed that 1 Sudan bill be any degree resembling that of Lourd Faimers blogne should be deprived of the laude which he held us, is allowed to be low every bilan in-and der the surged decourt. The Presideur of the Bont of their now is leglus--an every wealthy Balno will have attel, for the Cana being, was of opinion that this contence has paid ur uz merabers in the loss of \n\nto lenient, and at bis sggesden Ali Moore was de This is anger gainer which the people of Bogland rised of the ends thus fraudulently bined, and also of have to murd, now that it to props to vrat illa governs \n\nof the pilots reports from the Sashes. Meanwhile, dan letter to the Eugerial High Couimper, started his crban\" laude, beaving him in pranes munt of falla exclusively on the Minsters of the tr \n\nwe dure suy, preparations are being mude for the restoring his Excelteney that, in consequence of his mom.compliance with the debody submitted for fas on of all his remaining and very valuable eruditary! \n\nWe publish the following despatch from the ception of those men to be taken to fight the battles of \n\nconsideration, the lurther settlement of the question the Goverment in a country distant and different from To win a reversal of this judgment, the Amger Putna to \n\nbeen transferred to the anal and military suites, that where as hrave and faithful soldiers their services Sugated. We pas Uver the minor personages in the dis- Government Gazette of last Saturday from the \n\nof State for Foreign affairs, which we ece fur toere required at would be most valuable, that me should sly address better to his silency stating the above faci, and that it, at the end of a further uded the Coffeys, and the alle lady who travelled \n\ntern of forty-eight hours, the eny saguld be perefully from London to Paris, and from Paris to Vienna, for the \n\nquived preparations are compite, nid the sea sust atenie purpose of sizing the deposed prace by paying \n\ncoussy be subject to temporary dependion before surdered into our hands, life and property would be es with it. Gar Lusiness is with the servant of the \n\nthey are sent away. Whether they are all to vents respected; but that, if the teras were out roepted, the English public, the bon, member for Youghal. \n\ntheir rus ad munition or not, we are not aware; city would be attacked. \n\nAll our efforts to avert the evils of war from the hot after the last false alarm, we think it would be \n\nกษ \n\nterested nu eympathising agency by which he was - Secretat, s:t the attention of persons who have Some days may be expected to elapse before the re- \n\ncommend \n\nbeen married in Macau or who propose being married rkare:- \n\nNo. 20. \n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION. \n\nAch is established by Mr. Burt's corn statements. Hiviers were engagal for the Amar acu after that raine's rival in England Mr. Brat sits that he could \n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages sofem nie heered the passagement of the application furtius in the der's beauf le staves that he al-nize an Chana, otherwise that ja acendance with nys urged upon the Amer, Aut his lends art advisers, the provisions of the Act 12 and 13 Victores, Cap the bringing of his ca bure Parliament, as the m0268, His Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, relies are to pure. Ha actually used for propers, like \n\nproductive of which he theme obviated to promote the L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief er's van. He coniterie the Pirator: the Superintendent of Frade in China &c., &c. has Kulit Company, and agon Mr. Turen faith, the Presisereived a Despatch front The Bight Hande bat the Bora of Control, la licit their nou wees on Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, a Copy child of hie ciet. The result of these applicnída was a of which is hereby published for „euerai inforna- jetine on the Board of Directors in answer to the Amcera \n\nBy Order, \n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. Xo. 7 \n\n| \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chmese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Cidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\nBritish Naval Brigade on the right.\n\nCentre bridge, composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's provano instalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers.\n\nPreucia bridge on the inft\n\nColonel Holloway's brigade in reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery,\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain still to cancuston, and the mail leaving; I must therefore defer instheer det üle to the next rpportunity. † in line of contianova elutus of brigade audil further...\n\nI bwe, &c.\n\nC. T. VAN STinerszre, M jur General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now heng oerapied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of Stue for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n} \n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\nWith reference to the Validity of Marriages...\n\nHis Excellency SR JOHN BOWRING, Kaight, L., Her Majesty's Poipotentiary and Chief Superintendent of Trade in China &c., &c. has received a Despatch from The Right Honorable Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs...\n\nBy Order,\n\nG. W. CAINE. Superintendency of Trade, Victoria, Hongkong, 26th April, 1858. No. 7\n\n| \n| --- \n| --- \n\njudicious to let it be generally own where and how Chinese having walled, tough the obstinate deteriou the large reinforcement of Pay at the presidency hastian winch as chuterised the proceeding of the een lucnted. Three times the same nombe: of sepoya, Imperial Commissioner from October 21, 1956, oching with all the respectude cam-uds of Barnkport, could remained for the Commanders of the Allied Furces but 15 address the Imperia. Commissiouer, wai to muery into but little, even if they did their worst, but talve \n\ni nens and anuseless panes are any tring fat dignied execution the painful alternative of attacking Centon, Jerorols, would be more effectsly avoided by wich was conquced at daylight this ring. The da:ture of the pucket will prevent my giving say funk revelation of actual wrangements than j \n\ninither reports. I am now on the point of joining the studied reticence which only lends to mystification and forces asembarking at Kuyer's Talked for the zasault on surpicion, -nnd very often reduces the very offre it is \n\nthe city walls, intended a prevent \n\nTur Fagfxman of 23rd Mauch on the same subject, remarks \n\nThe 47th Regt. N. I have nerived, and are vuramped on the glacis of Fort William; they are about 379 strong \n\nof all grace, native officers mari sepoys, and is the Government have ordered Colonel Port, Command FOREIGN OFPics, Alarch 9, 1950. \n\ning, to rerait the Regiment with Malen. Brigadier SIR, eve under my consideration, and have | Corfich with this topiment and the 65th N. I. new en referred to the proper Law Advisers of the Crow, the way down, will leave by the 16th proximo. your Despatches Nos. 452 and 7 of the 26th of \n\nFLOWERS FROM THE INDIAN PAPERS. December and 9d of January last, on the subject of \n\nThe Athene reples mure we to our elrage of the doubts when hel arisen as to the Validity of the \n\nAs we cannot consent to sally our Marriages of British Sabjre's at Chinese Ports; and literary larceny. \n\nges with language ru is seldom beard erido I have to acquaint yaa, in reply, that the Statute i2 \n\nappliers, which on being bitted. se i noceary, for tim. de approvation of the Board of Controt, was materially al. by B1. Fordon sit The reply, as orglundly homed by the Court of Directors, was in vlect, that the Amy's care and on Judicially decided, and that they ans rezson to reverse the decision. The reply, as indi Sed by Me. Vernon Site, was in effent, that if the Amer would zezer his native country, and exert himself in half of the English Government, his real right he Argarable mitezinimesi. These series, fr. But declares, firmad gratully, and simply from his covention of the juice of the Ameer's cline. But in ariston to these parcier Mr. Gutt rent to posed to Failid to argo the Anect's Shell her. For the filter service Mr. Hah desit het theas to receive in all 19,1001, and thut off this She has actually received southing more than 2000. Mr. Butt deolares ther be still holds himself sound to proceed to hulin if the Ameer insists upon it; her in the event of Mr. Bart's aching latelet te lo be will and 13 Victoria, Cap. 68, inponeering Consul topolhouse, our readers must be sausted with our report of fund the money recusat it he is dy preserred solomuze Mariages, does not affect the valulity of, the substance of it. Elis rejoinder is, that our charge of fum pracoding to tudi by the Ameer and his advisers or in any way interfere with, any Marriages which flebing terms the Sproutor is an unmitigated file- arriving at the conclusia thuc his services are not quired would have been valid independently of that Statute, ho,\" and he taunts with being no gentleman. it Here, he will retain the money received. This is, tho \n\nin which category are Mariages celebrated in Chiantik big too on the subject of horsewhips\" and best if our abilty, a tuir and eerut katement of the sub \n\nby Ministers of the Church of England, according horsepouts.\" Bur the strong point agniuss us, ju tja \n\nopis, is our want of gentility. Patial Lects prevad lutorg tår i omories of the House f \n\nto the forms of that Church. \n\nthur contemporary reminds one of the Bath fontman in Pickwick; he can endure anything low.\" When Now, to what do these facts a nuné? Mr. Batt is s Babe of the House of Commons, of a tribunal which and to the Validity of Marriages veiebrated by a \n\nthe public are at a loss for a referee on alkat concerus might intre lawn called aga to procence a verdict as to Clergymen of the Church of England, and not under a gentleman\" they will know wher, to had one. dre justice or injustice due treatment of All Marra by the At 12 and 13 Victoria, Cap. 66, at Macau \n\nLouisana \n\nadi nggala urged 16 Mourial to agipeal lo \n\nM. Mut, Leo, \n\nWith regard to the case fepecially referred to \n\nif \n\nThe deferee, we have already calist characteristic. \n\n6. I beg 10 es, close copies of two General Orders of the 26th instant, and of lemoranda issued by Major- General Van Straubensee, containing the monesancy arzangements for the struck, which I hage will put their lordships in full possession of our intended proceedings. 3. Í have pleasure in reporting that the most perfect umadinty exvts between the Commanders-in-thigï of The allied forces. \n\nI have, .. (Signed) \n\n31. SKY, Bea-Amira and Commanter-in-Chie?. \n\nTo the \n\nSecretary of the Admiralty, \n\nLoudon \n\nGENERAL ORDER. \n\nBefore Canton, December, 1857. The uvala nilitory commander-in-chief of the aisted forces before Cantun love agreed to the following ander of operativas against the city. First bombardme to conxuráce at daylight on Monday morning the 28th of December. \n\nThe sirps and vessels numed in the acte juoder, letter \n\nA) on the signed hereafter indient being made, wilt open fire on the south-west angica of the city wells, with a view to breach them, and impede the communication \n\nThe ships and vessels poused in the net (under letter \n\nThe Gina Cartumqui of India; a transsi which Nie. Baltsgain i Marsa is Chinese Territory, and not a Portuguest | The pickpochyt when arraignai before the Magistrate, of the Chinese troops along thei: parapets to the ent it would appear, actually took some initiatory reps, which precision, such Mauriages 11 be valid as being har generdly hur one answer to wake,-\"it's all a Fed wight have seen servince to the Ameer half as been galebrated in China, Pazar Country. If, however, your wushup.\" We are therefore no more surpriced at hunght be the tribusi of which he was ember. Macao is a possession of Portugal, then it has a the exam's coarse denial than at his blastering), wear the Dutch Folly, with a staritar osject, wit A me wither of the funer of Compune stonde in the core Christian Law of Marriage, as its lex moci,\" and threats, at that the pubic way judge on which ends breach the city walls opposite the Viceroy's residence; Inion to the pimenting even of any individui applying \n\nto met \n\n(Signed) MALMESBURY. \n\nSia Joy Bowring, \n\nBec., N., & \n\nTrue Cops. \n\n11. F. HANCE. \n\nthe mortare in the Dutch Fully, and the Niger and Avalauele, 1.kewise sbetting the city heights auf Gough three insicuess ont of many at our dispoed, in which the Aina has appropiated without actueledgment heights. \n\nThe ships and vessels named in the note (under letter whunt he found in journal. The racier of the ex wination of the Military Female phan Asylum C), beruse the Dutch Folly and the French Folly, will pubished by the Aham was made up entirely from apen fire on the Rooth-east ungles of the new and ell what had appeared the previous day in the Spector, elty walls, mud the walls ferning the east side of the city. These time several nacks will couuence simul without the slightest arkludgment the fuder's) Charge at the opsing the last Sessions repertet for taseously, wira a white csiga shall be hoisted at the fore the Ann, mail a yelaw dug us a corresponding this carnal, was similaris fched the reports of the trinis for funpiracy, the two of most interest, appeared sigral at the spule he listed at the fure of the in the Athena aise the day after they were publised Phugction. \n\nThe Horet end the Avalanche wild repeat these signals A still are at theit fore so long as the Angs shall remain Byug on \n\nthe before mentioned shipa \n\nsit j'fusion, that a judya iter in the run or Manages of British Sabjects anort, in order to be the guilt of \"falschod\" iles, with mension two or \n\nWet wein de said of judge widertunk valid, he adenized there esther in accordance with conse or saticier for a site who had brough, or such lex leci,\" or with the Provisions of the Act \n\nin bring, actions in de curt? The iniquity are mentioned.-1 am, &c., ach step in any incrad a little tem prave by the consider the lye har, or had not received re- mueratina f his seres ful bun pliced biawety in the wharf whition of being with by price that he be mil preciera remuneration for undertaking to as me $5. iend's sent before a tribuent of vehich he to \"use of the anashers. He has aceste promise of 10,0004, for his services, sart of thị sùm he estually trevived more anne ut The urging of the Amcer à aut span the ludia \n\nW take the following short notice of the Khang in the Spectator, almost verbatim, whion & single torrent is one este act, whether the erfarin \n\nflagrant case of Newspaper dishonesty, nceurred in on- ting, the insete the line of it, or has Spring Meeting from the North-Ching Herald whisper whence the apolis were stolen. the juce the tivard Camiral in Cannon-run. it of the 24th olim. The commis mun who so osion with the articultural Exhibition, when the serar di Tu say that make do improper for ft. But to aventry for urging a se before the Howe of ham sold people here at our anal meeting has been the revive the report of the Prizes from the cautioned day and night, net in exceed per each gun carrying off all the good things of Secretary, w the express coulition that he should, is employed 60 rounds during the Best 3 uurs, except f which it is in, but then it would be a right and fortanste \n\n\"We wander who rode our cormity with the usage of the Press on icse oc- the ships under letter C. which will fire 100 rounds. \n\nThey were proper for him to wipe the end beture the Ligure of Chanan, the Northern turt. \n\nCasics, end slips so the Speci \n\nfudiately the bunchardment open the landing of the attic forces will take place at the creek in' Küper an, of the man tinte, kifor a sane her trimmal, provided be ezig recessed reaeration, for the tertives let here the old friend raid. Yellow Jack and Tartar are with e, at the east of Leuils as well as of honesty. The \n\nThe dist heul mom is welcome to the use of vagulang words Pussage, when there the British and French dags will batur. His obvious that by such decision the door to abwe be found in the Hwek Stakes. art by rite oper. Nothing more would be tryniced never have been elsewhere --- \n\nwhich like utty her about he worbi did an enlty be planted in the following order, commencing a day- in eaing, if Palled upon to do so; we will conline onr \n\nlight- to end a remier if Parliament to pochert with perfect; \n\nThe mail, that apology for au many lanes, is urged by \n\nsives har fiets. It is of some consentence that safety a renumeration as Parliamentary agent, u \n\njon which he was onlied in devide as lielige by cerforming war sareporter as a plea for 101 furnishing 18, ki this the public should know that the journal which has won adition acres in his client cost of deces, et clurging issay, with the fall, time and parimer pronunt of the \n\nFor itself the reputation of being acivali in squerility Taxes that came off on Wednesday and Friday in this sproper timotely large for for them. We will not, in \n\ntatau kitowledge, afirm that the committee of \n\nThe stud was graced by the presence of many of car fair residents, and the intervals between the races were enlivened by the music of the of 11. M. S. Higher Adly tout for the occultat: \n\nFIRST DAY. \n\nThe Wung Plate-Spota, 1; Muischite, 2; Dred. 33 \n\nBlack Cockatoo, i. \n\nTHE CHINESE DESPATCHES. THE BOMBARDMENT OF CAYTON. \n\nWAR OFFICE. Fra Mazt, February 15 \n\nThe Secretary of State for War but this day received & despute, of which the following is a copy, addressed is lord chip by Major Geveral C. T, Vas Strubeuzes, C. B., commanding are Majesty's Land Forces in Chan \n\nCenton, December 29, 1857. \n\nMy Lord-I have great satisfactios in reporting that Canton city was ermaisded muud eaptured this day at nine o'clock, with a more trifling losa das enuld have been expected. liceat emulatios was displaye 1 by the whole Allied Force, ten-st whom the greatest cordiality and god feeling into \n\nWe have to deplore the low Royal Suvy, els of Liestemt fiske, of the 59 Regie In stenaut Bowen, ct the me regiment, has tree seriously wounded, \n\nAll \n\nand misrepresentata, is as dishonest in soull thing as The Flea of Comes applied to inquire in Mr. Bersoek; we can therefore only give the places of the brass \n\nSpretter case has come to such a monstrous decisiour; but if it hits and ponies as they came in, which we do on the best. With fius exposure we leave him-Medran \n\nThe intimation arributed to Sir. Jaries Gesinam shut authority, sed promise a graphic report in or next. \n\nThe weather and ground was favorable on the whole, ties of the resolutions was an acquittal of Isan Sasho charge of inproperly enjoying bis prillon bach days, thongh there was a greas outrast; then e is a member of Le 1s of Con alyst day be hot, with a southerly with, and the ther- escuptible of ach an interpretation-it ili ose electors memeter in the shule at 80°, and on Friday, a cold nor- tur be an incir qurd visst the sing why we for strictherly wind was hiewing, and the hormoneter at 63. \n\nPiwili place himself sack $19- It had rained a god deal the night before, hat the wind jście position \n\nAnd dried the course pretty well.\" this tunction The part which Ms. Butt han played cannot be appruched less his negetation with the x-reshient of the art of Corral are taken into account. Mr Vermilch admits that he had repeated emmunications with Mr. Butt-vethal aud epilary-on the subject of the class of Ali Mvered. Of in excep Timock was kept me the lacters are said to have bren private autoosidential. It is possible, Therefore, bu learn with certainty what was the lure of the comuneulea- tions. But this is certain, il subsequently to these inter- Venom Sto altered a dras lurzer 1935 [ektors, Mr. nd the Court of Directors refusing to entertain the Ameer's application, iuro a letter couraging him to return to Sciarie by long at the lope Sut i li mi nital Ala to the Buglial Governinect something arigat he does to him. The only reasna, sseigned for too parišal revered fa inficial teuer, on the strengt of private, sureverteil enamiestis, is that the siteure appenced inrse; but M. Vernon Sanita gave the contest la stand Und Je very reluctant to have sue Ameer's new debaresi à l'aclinent while the Bengal insurrection was it progress, Mr. But having gives it frommilostared theit die hunt informed the ex-Pretent of the Beart of Country of his having tuged the user and his friends to bring the wise 'fore Parlia ne. We r TL entitled to say that Mr. Batt obtained the centerscica in favour of 32 Moured by hinting to the Prescrican of the Buned of Contro, but he had it is power Parliment to fore in a cebam As slin Amour' case; tot in the cherastonces succions will intrude themelsea which at in mot easy to disynd \n\nThe righe Flute-Cock Tail, 1; Peg Tupe, 2; Tiny, 3: \n\nTelegram. 4 \n\nThe ingken Cuga-Sydney, 1; Cheertal, 2 Vaugueril, 8. The dis-Touiz 1 Spot, ; Cock Tail 3, \n\nChelato, 4 72 Pailon, 1; Deuil. 2. \n\nThe finch Marks Rocket, Bay Midleton, 2. \n\nThe Shanghae Pork Cup —Syota, 1; Maiciite, 2; Tapas, \n\n3. \n\nSECOND DAY. \n\nThe fisher Flame-Tiege, walked oven, \n\nThe Swing Cry-Cacetent, 1; Cheerful, 2; Vanguard, \n\n3. \n\nThe China-sup-Blank Coelaten, 1: Topaz. 2; Lakin i \n\nThe T'antica Cap---Coverfil. 1: Shali, 2; Drutd, 8, The Hunt Strikellow Zack, Rocket, 2: Tartar, 3. After the figh vene, in the second day, a match was Parween, Mr. Recens guy Are pobytynen, and Mr. Benadier's black Cafe piny Tube, which was won \n\nGarne. \n\nWe pronoun an epilar in the count of 7%. Batsby mini iko es dreient of the board of Contd. We are will \n\nthat fact of both lisa hart ht \n\nThis will the deutet \n\narists cl \n\navember of the Homme Camus in a \n\nThe following extracts in the Hurkura wnd Englishmas. Calcutta papers, will be read with \n\nun riser as preferring a sai to the lease if interest anal satisfaction by the Colonists of be is lined to \"eir veneration from the air for a Hongkong, if the Pandies are landed here, and po \n\ning the sun elsewhere, if the mean He that doubt with equal satisfaction by General Van \n\nare il gratuitously in the Hour by the name tur \n\nStrasbenzre if such galbut and ready soldiers are placed under his charge. We do not like \n\nengaged is allen wat align and are public civic of the Chatte, whenleigh them drada a dealer fee site's claims in the flow of Corsake y comments, for it by n chase the regiments reach bare without racing their barge conectanapur his eliumiven conrægur dance of com region may be enfly tired by mandors th heers (insult them Pardy met vertaily will House of Come and in the Eccrtine Government, Such a state of stairs is const unsatisfactory even b we shall have some gallant ofboer of ours dawn maky now, star), But supposing that the entire itone Adastraling of India were vested in a single mon ne with the assertion that never was there Minister of the Corn she is to the House of a more loyal or better behaved regiment in Culosis, with wild traptations would the integrity of Our representatives in the legislature le tona feet Atler Majesty's service. We had a sample of it it is, wo have had at one time a Narab Susa, Rajans the other day in the case of the 70th, when a \n\nCaptain Hates, of the \n\nThe hophardment is to be in very low time, aud \n\n1. Suppers and Miners, 59th Regiment, Royal Artillery, stores and mention, \n\nThe French Nawai Brigale, stoves, &c. \n\n3. The Naval Brigade, under the ader of Commodore the 1o. 4. 6. 1, B Esot. \n\n4. The Naval Brigade from Cantun. \n\n5. Lieulcunt.Cola.et lemon's battalica of Royal Marines, & \n\nd. Cutearl Holowry's Brigade of Royal Marines, &c, (Waru last heet of No. £ has passed, No. 2 will com meece, and on with: the remainder \n\nThe duration of the French forces will be eritraded by Capta Reinan:], fg captein; the British troops and Royal Marines by Major the Bon. H. Clidord \n\nThe British Naval Brigade, by Captain W. K. Hall.\n\n... acutalo.\n\nThe following will be the disposition of the united forces after landing:\n\n| Unit | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| British Naval Brigade | Right |\n| Centre bridge | Composed of Lieutenant-Colonel Lemon's battalion, 19th Regiment, Royal Artillery, and Sapiers |\n| Preucia bridge | Left |\n| Colonel Holloway's brigade | Reserve, with Royal Marine Artillery |\n\nAfter getting into position the allied forces will remain...\n\nC. T. VAN STRAUBENZEE, Major General,\n\nCommanding Traps in China,\n\nPort Gongh is now being occupied.\n\nThe Right Hon.\n\nthe Secretary of State for \n\nWar, C., * \n\nADMIRAL SEYMOUR'S DESPATIUU.\n\nAdmiralty, Fuurorg 15. Despoteker, of which the following me cans, bure en verived by the Lords Commissioners of the! Astrahy Trout Kee-Sentral Sir Michael Seyavour,\n\nOrumates at CANYON \n\nNo. 357.\n\nHer Majesty's ship Coromandri,\n\nnt fan. De ch SirMy letter (No.343) of the 13th ist. courzved \n\nPuins to the fures of the Allied Power, and that u \n\nthe indigence of the raceable regation of ionsh letter had seen vent in t. You, the Lagerial High Cour mission, by the ass-furs of the Allied Powers, stating the deamus of the two Gavernitects, d rating ten days for a consideration of the same, lailing earnered against the city of Citati.\n\nplane with which, conise mesures would be 2. The Brigade of Royal Mears et igal Maries Actriery mere inediately wasis dought up to the i \n\nunders for an advaner, watch will be made to a position \n\nfor vise night, y reparatury to active service us the follow-\n\nnig andag. \n\nM. Skrmore, Rent.Adesiral. \n\nComander-in-Chief of Her Britannic \n\nMajesty's Noynt Purees. \n\nRear-Adesira \n\nC. HowerDA GENOT13.1.T \n\nComewi'kiet af 1Fix Emperial \n\nAlajesty's Naval Forces. \n\nCT VAN STRAL BENZ, Major Lien, Commanding the Alinary Force, \n\nGENERAL MEMORANDUM. Carouane), Canton, Deectner 26, 1857.\n\nThe Nuva! Brigade of seanien will be in three divisions. The divisions will be tald off into companies, each stvising gomorracing No. 1. md the last timber cop. rames is 1st tumi 2e devisions will be composed of boats' \n\ncrewy. \n\n(A) Actre, blgethon, and guulmate, \n\n() Me. Puade, Crnizer, Tornet, and a gunhast. \n\nNumrud, Surprise, 1 agone, Mares, a gunboals. After se p, the three fut-anted ships will after sheir genka 18 will, after one qui, aiter their fire to the north- east with gate. fire to the ty and Gough's Lighrere Alarmcast and \n\nSea Supplemen \n\n} \n\n}",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "810\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nSUANGHAI SILK SHIPPERS, From 1st June to 28th Sept., 1879,\n\nAdantson, Bell, and Co. Balfour, Butler and Co. Barnet and Co. Birt and Co. \nBirley, Worthington, & Co. Bain and Co. \nBower, Hanbury and Co.... Bourjau, Hubener, and Co. \nBovet, Brothers and Co. ... Bull, Purdon and Co. Butterfeld and Swire \nChapman, King and Co. \nCoutts and Co. \nDent and Co. \nDickinson and Co. \nEssex and Co. \nFindlay, Wade and Co. \nFogg and Co. \nGamwell, F. R. \nGibb, Livingston, and Co..... Gilman and Co.\n\nBales.\n\n352 Jardine, Matheson, and Co. 276 Jarvie, John, and Co. \n57 Skeggs, C. J. and Co.\n\nTEA CARGOES AFLOAT.\n\nBales.\n\n[Nov, 18, 1872]\n\nShipping Intelligence.\n\nARRIVALS.\n\nAt YOKOHAMA.—From London, Sept. 23, Florence Nightingale.\n\nAt SHANGHAI.—From London, Sept. 25, Foutenaye; from Swansea, 23, Daylight; from Liverpool, Nov. 10, Agamemnon (str.); from Cardiff, Whinfel; from Southampton. Deccan (str.).\n\nAt HONG KONG and CANTON.—From London, Oct. 1, Golconda (str.), James Vinicombe; from Callao, Emigrante; from Boston, 4, Europa.\n\nAt SINGAPORE.—From Liverpool, Oct. 11, Agamemnon (str.); from Glasgow, 7. Saltes (str.); from Sunderland, 8, Stanley; from Hamburg, 11, Harmonia.\n\nDEPARTURES.\n\nFrom YOKOHAMA.—For London, Sept. 7, Audax; for New York, 16, Emulation; 18, Etta Loring; 23, Leander; 30, Ceylon.\n\nFrom HONG KONG.—For London, Sept. 15, Penrith; for New York, 18, Jessie Isabel.\n\nFrom SHANGHAI.—For London, Sept. 21, Priam (str.), Woodlark; From Foochow.—For London, Sept. 29, Zibu; Oct. 1, Eme.\n\nFrom HONG KONG and CANTON.—For Falmouth, Oct. 2, Hermine.\n\nFrom SINGAPORE.—For London, Oct 4, Eleanor; Nov. 12, Hector (str.).\n\nSHIPPING POSTSCRIPT.\n\nDEPARTURES.—Nov. 14, from London, for Yokohama and Hiego, Glamorganshire; 13, from Cardiff, for Singapore, Proserpine; 14, Massimo d'Azeglis, Elizabeth Child.\n\nLAID ON.—At London, for Shanghai, Carmarthenshire.\n\nSPOKEN.—Esperance, Newport to Hong Kong, Aug. 12, 33 S., 25 W. Franklin, Batavia to London, Sept. 28, 20 S., 60 E. N. C. D. H. (Amicizia, Italian three-mast schooner), Cardiff to Ceylon, Sept. 29, 16 S., 29 W.\n\nLEGAL.\n\nJUDICIAL COMMITTEE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL.\n\nHART V. VON GUMPACHI.\n\nThis appeal from Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan came on for hearing, and presented some remarkable features. The appellant is a British subject, and occupies an important position in the service of the Emperor of China as inspector-general of customs.\n\nThe respondent is a naturalised British subject, and is an astronomer and mathematician. Both met in London in August, 1866, and it was alleged that Hart represented to Von Gumpach that he was entrusted with the formation of a college and observatory at Peking, which college was to be an institution for the teaching to the Chinese of Western sciences and learning, \"with a view to the regeneration of China,\" and that he was to procure a library and appoint professors.\n\nIn consequence of these alleged representations, Von Gumpach went to China, and his salary was to be £600 a year. He alleged that there was no such institution, and that he was willing to discharge the duties of his appointment.\n\nHe alleged that Hart represented to the Tsang-li Yamen, or Foreign Board, that he had absented himself, and he received an intimation from the Chinese Government that his services were no longer required; and since the 30th September, 1868, he had been unable to obtain any salary.\n\nHe brought his action against Hart in Her Majesty's Court, and claimed £3,000 as compensation besides his salary.\n\nThe cause was tried before a jury, and they gave £1,800 as damages and 176 taels for money payable to Von Gumpach.\n\nThere had been a demurrer and further litigation, and one point urged for the present appellant was that these were privileged communications from him as to the office he held under the Chinese Government.\n\nThe Court, after further litigation, decided in favour of the plaintiff (the present respondent), and the defendant (the present appellant) has obtained special leave to appeal to Her Majesty in Council.\n\nHe denied the alleged misrepresentations, and stated that the Court at Peking had found in his favour as to the representations, and gave damages to Von Gumpach for the loss of his situation, and for money due on account stated.\n\nHe appealed on several grounds—that the verdict was against evidence, on misdirection, and on the privileged communications.\n\nSir John Karslake, Q.C, with whom was Mr. F. Herschell (instructed by Messrs. Murray and Hutchins), appeared for the appellant; Mr. Benjamin, Q.C., and Mr. Myburgh (instructed by Messrs. Brooks and Co., of Doctors' Commons) were for the respondent, the plaintiff in the original action.\n\nMr. Benjamin discussed the several points. He urged that the appellant was liable to the respondent for the wrongs he had committed against him.\n\nThe Chinese Government had not adopted the acts of the appellant as their servant, and therefore it was not an Act of State.\n\nIt was idle for the appellant to say that what he did was by order of the Chinese Government, and that, therefore, he was not amenable to the laws in Her Majesty's Court for China and Japan.\n\nHe cited various authorities in support of his contentions that unless a Government adopted the acts of their servant, the servant was liable, and could not shield himself under the authority of an Act of State and justify the wrong he had committed.\n\nFurther, the learned counsel submitted that Her Majesty's Treaty with the Emperor of China gave all British subjects a right to resort to the Supreme Court for redress; and it was no answer for the appellant (the original defendant) to say what he had done was as servant of the Emperor when malice was alleged against him.\n\nThe question of privilege would not go to such an extent as to shield a man from false representations, and none of the cases cited would support the points raised by the other side.\n\nMr. Myburgh followed on the same side.\n\nSir John, in reply, cited several cases in support of the view he had submitted—namely, that the original action could not be maintained, and that the demurrer ought to have been allowed.\n\nIt was not an action between two British subjects, as was contemplated by the Treaty, but an action against a Minister of China for an act done as such Minister.\n\nBoth parties had been in the service of the Emperor, and the reports made by Mr. Hart were privileged communications, and it was not by merely alleging malice that the protection extended to such documents was to be removed.\n\nThe matter was of importance, and he asked their Lordships to allow the appeal.\n\nSir Montagu Smith, on the conclusion of the arguments, announced that their Lordships would take time to consider their judgment.\n\nCOURT OF QUEEN'S BENCH.\n\nIONIDES V. PENDER.\n\nThis was a case (tried last term) of some mercantile importance as to marine insurance, especially with reference to over-insurance.\n\nIt was an action on several policies of insurance, on goods, on profits, on charterparty, and of commission, amounting altogether to some thousands of pounds.\n\nThe defence set up was that there had been enormous over-insurance, and that the ship was not lost by perils of the seas, but had in reality been scuttled.\n\nThe policies were affected by a firm at Hamburg, who had chartered and loaded the ship for a commercial adventure to a port La Sineria.\n\nOn the voyage the vessel sprang a leak, and is making four inches water per hour in still water.\n\nCASUALTIES.—The Carolina (Spanish barque), from Manila to Cadiz, with tobacco, went a bore on Sandalwood Island. Sept. 15, but got off without damage, after remaining on the reef seven days.\n\nThe Hebe (ship, of Rotterdam. Meermans, from Batavia, to Rotterdam, put into Mauritius, Oct. 5, leaky, having encountered a very heavy N.E. to N.W., and S. W. gale Sept. 21st, in lat. 12 S., lon. 93 E., during which\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\n811\n\nNov. 18, 1872.\n\nMISCELLANEOUS.\n\nEXTRACTS FROM MEDHURST'S \"FOREIGNER IN FAR CATHAY.\"\n\nAfter what I wrote in my last letter of the negotiations between the commissioners of the two legislative bodies of this city having been broken off because they could not come to an agreement on the vexed question of the Bank Valuta, your readers will no doubt be greatly surprised to hear that, after all, the affair has been finally set at rest and disposed of by a compromise, both sides having given way to a certain extent.\n\nThe draft of the Bill sent by the Senate to the Burgerschaft, but rejected by them, served as a sufficient basis for a rapprochement, and as both parties were agreed in principle, and only differed on certain, though important, points, the door was again opened for discussion.\n\nAn abstract of the amended Bill as agreed to is as follows :--\n\nLaw for the Alteration of the Hamburg Bank Valuta.\n\nArt. 1. Closing of the Accounts based on Silver Bars.—The date is fixed for the 15th Feb., 1879, the Burgerschaft originally wishing it to take place within eight days, and the Senate inclined to keep them open for six months longer.\n\nAfter the above date the balances of accounts can only be repaid in silver bars.\n\nArt. 3. Denomination of Payments in the New Currency made through the Bank.—In all agreements and contracts where payment is stipulated to be made through the Bank, it is required to write after the amount the letters B.Z., which stands for Bank Zahlung, or Bank payment.\n\nI have dwelt thus much upon the characteristics of the servants employed by foreigners, not only to show how they fare in this particular, but because these servants are the only natives with whom the foreign merchant comes more immediately into contact.\n\nThe opinion prevalent at home that foreigners mingle in Chinese society generally is altogether a mistaken one.\n\nThe conventional rules of the Chinese are so constituted, and their habits of thought and customs so peculiar, that there is little or no encouragement to court acquaintance on either part, even were the entire ignorance of each other's language not to present a serious bar in the way of an interchange of ideas.\n\nThere is a class of Chinese brokers and middle men who haunt the offices of the merchants, but they are mostly shrewd, clever upstarts, whom the difficulties of interlingual communication have introduced into the trade, and, with rare exceptions, they lay no claim to respectability even with the Chinese themselves.\n\nThe language employed between these brokers and the merchants is a jargon made up of English, Portuguese, Chinese, and Malay words, tortured into unrecognizable shapes and constructions, and it is little fitted to sustain any conversation beyond what appertains to the mere technicalities of trade.\n\nI have frequently expressed to our merchants the opinion that it is a pity they do not take the trouble to learn the Chinese language.\n\nIt is an acquirement in the spoken form to an extent sufficient for all practical purposes; offers no difficulties that an average intellect and a moderate share of determination cannot surmount, and familiarity with it would have the effect of freeing the foreigner from the domination of roguish brokers and compradores, at whose mercy he now lies, whilst it would open the way to a more extended acquaintance and friendly intercourse to the mutual advantage of both parties.\n\nThere is perhaps no country in the world frequented by the English-speaking race in which merchants are so lamentably ignorant of the customs and resources of the locality in which they live as they are at this moment in China, and this is entirely to be attributed to a want of familiarity with the language.\n\nTHE SUEZ CANAL.\n\nThe Suez Canal Company will continue to insist upon its recent advance of tolls, and declares that it will appeal to the decision of the Government.\n\nThe Ottoman Porte has protested, by order of the Sultan, against the competency of the Tribunal de Commerce de la Seine to interpret the Act of Concession of the Canal—a power which belongs to itself alone.\n\nThe Turkish Government also maintains that, the company being an Egyptian association, subject to the Ottoman jurisdiction, and having its headquarters at Alexandria, cannot admit a foreign jurisdiction in respect to its differences with third parties.\n\nThere is some idea of inviting the Marine Powers to hold a conference at Constantinople, in order to agree upon a uniform system for the measurement of tonnage.\n\nForeign Intelligence.\n\nGERMANY.\n\n(FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nHAMBURG, Nov. 12.\n\nArt. 4. Belehnungen (or advances on deposits).—After the close of the silver accounts the Bank is authorised to receive as deposits the foreign coin hitherto accepted, as well as gold and silver bars, and credit the depositors for the amount in the new currency, according to the regulations drawn up by the administrators of the Bank and having been approved of by the Senate.\n\nArt. 5. Deferred fulfilment of obligations to pay in Banco.—After the closing of the silver accounts, all still outstanding engagements in Hamburg banco or in species banco, whatever may be the period of their origin and the nature of the claim, must be settled by Bank payment in Imperial gold coin, or in double or single silver thalers of German mintage, at the fixed rate of 150 marks new currency for 100 marks banco, with an agio of 18 per mille for species banco.\n\nBills of exchange falling due on the 15th of February, but not presented for payment till after that date, are to be calculated at the officially quoted price of silver on the day of their maturity.\n\nArt. 6. Transitory Regulations.—During the period of transition, viz., from the date of the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial currency till the 15th of May, 1873, creditors of the Bank may have the amount of their balance in Banco transferred, partly or entirely, to their account in the new currency at the fixed rate of 145 marks Imperial currency for 100 marks Banco, as such transfers are to be considered as Belehnungen, or advances on deposits.\n\nThe sum thus transferred may, at any time during the period of transition, be re-transferred to the silver account of the owner; but all such re-transfers must be made before the expiration of the period of transition, in default of which the Bank is authorised to realise the silver for account of the proprietor.\n\nDuring the period of transition only those who have paid in gold coin or silver thalers are at liberty to withdraw their balances in the same money.\n\nDuring the period of transition no charge will be made by the Bank on Imperial gold coin or silver thalers paid in or taken out.\n\nThe publication of this new law will take place in the course of this week, and the date to be fixed for the opening of the accounts in the new Imperial German currency is expected to be the 15th inst.\n\nBut this arrangement has no effect on cash payments made in Hamburg and Lubeck currency, which retain their value as hitherto, till a sufficiency of the new money is coined, which, as the minting operations proceed but slowly, may be deferred for two or three years longer.\n\nIt will be seen by the above that the Bergerschaft have abandoned one of the principal points on which they were at issue with the Senate, and that is that the loss sustained by the conversion of Banco into new currency, the agio on silver being at present rather more than one per cent. above par, should be borne by the State.\n\nAs it now stands everyone who has Banco will only get 150 marks new currency for every 100 marks Banco, and must bear the loss himself.\n\nThe sharp and somewhat bitter remarks made by certain organs of the press in England respecting the award of the Emperor of Germany in his capacity of Arbitrator in the Anglo-American dispute about the San Juan question have found a responsive echo at Berlin; and if these counter remarks have not been translated and reprinted in the English papers, it is perhaps owing to the editors remaining reticent, not to aggravate and increase the ill-feeling between the two countries.\n\nOne of your contemporaries says that the award is remarkable for being written in the German language, instead of the customary diplomatic French\" to which the Germans reply that this is an exploded idea, quite out of date; that the despatches of the German Government—railway companies have received instructions to discontinue, from December 1, the eddies hitherto praised to emigrants, of a reduction in the fares—amounting in some instances to 50 per cent.—and double allowance of luggage (100 lb. per head).\n\nThe number of emigrants that passed through this city to the end of October, 1871, is officially stated to be 37,324 persons, whilst at the same period this year it has risen to 65,151, and before the end of the year will no doubt have reached 80,000.\n\nDr. Hilgendorf, a native of this city, and formerly director of the Hamburg Zoological Gardens, and now professor at the Royal Polytechnic at Dresden, has received a call to go to Japan to prepare young natives for their subsequent studies of medicine at German universities.\n\nA considerable number of Japanese are now studying at Berlin, Leipzig, and Heidelberg.",
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        "id": 335256,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 538,
        "title": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "over \n\nnine: \n\ngreat glow of light hung over the town. The Chinese fireworks commenced on the Parade Ground soon afterwards, and a few rockets were sent up at intervals, while the steamer Titania threw its electric light intermittently on the harbour. Shortly before the bonfire on the Peak broke into a bright blaze, and a few minutes later other beacon fires flared to heaven from other points on the heights. About nine o'clock the bulky form of the Victor Emanuel suddenly emerged from the dense gloom in which she lay, a mass of glowing crimson, every port and spar being distinctly revealed, while the Constance and the Leander rose out of the obscurity under the luminous lime light, which brought them into startlingly vivid relief. Simultaneously a hissing stream of rockets soared upward from the barge on which the fireworks were being let off, and green and crimson fires were conspicuous on Victoria Gap. A few moments later showers of rockets sprang from the Peak and different heights, and the coloured stars falling from them at that height produced a novel and beautiful effect. At this time the illuminations were at their best. The city was flooded in light, with the purple haze above it, the long lines of twinkling lamps which marked the course of the white Bowen Road, the slender string of red lamps which indicated the track of the Tramway up the face of the Peak, the thick line of lights near the summit, the illuminated bungalows of Messrs Veitch, Chater, and Dennys, standing out against the sky, and the water below crowded with gaily lighted craft, and from which in the darker portion the men-of-war apparently bathed in coloured flame, while far off on the other side the Kowloon Police Station stood an oasis of lambent light in a wilderness of blackness, formed altogether a magnificent and never-to-be-forgotten sight. The men-of-war illuminations were remarkably fine, the vessels now appearing in blue, now in crimson, and anon in silvery whiteness, and their sudden emergences from the gloom were greeted with exclamations of astonishment, delight, and approval by the Chinese, who watched the ping-shün (soldier-ships) with the keenest interest. The streets and Praya were crowded with moving streams of sight-seers, who scarcely began to thin before eleven o'clock, when the illuminations commenced to wane, but half-an-hour later there was sensible diminution, and at midnight the great spectacle was over. Below we append as many details as we could gather in the time:--\n\nIN VICTORIA.\n\nThe City Hall, with its fine façade and handsome lines, lends itself readily to decoration, and its illumination on Wednesday evening was a sight that could not easily be surpassed. On the Praya side were the words \"Victoria Regina\" in immense letters composed of coloured lanterns running the whole length of the building, surmounted by a crown, with the figures 1837 and 1887 above and below it, while a series of arches composed of lanterns was carried along the top cornice. The eastern façade, facing the Cricket Ground, had Chinese transparencies fixed in the top of the arches of the verandah on the ground floor, while the upper part was covered with an artistic arrangement of hundreds of Japanese lanterns. The front of the building was covered with festoons and lines of coloured lanterns, with a series of shields with trophies of flags running under the top cornice, some of the shields bearing pictures of Hongkong at various periods of its history, and the others appropriate devices. In the centre were two larger shields with the figures 1837 and 1887 in blue on gold ground with flags draped above, and on the wings flanking the entrance were other large shields, the upper ones bearing St. George's Cross and the British Lion, and the lower ones the Prince of Wales's Arms and the Irish Harp respectively. The shields were draped with ensigns. A large transparency, showing a portrait of Her Majesty, was placed over the main entrance to the Hall. There were numerous lanterns hung in trees in front, in some cases up to the very top branches, and the general effect of the whole design was superb.\n\nThe Dent Fountain, which had been cleaned up, played jets of water. Drinking cups had been provided, and the fountain was much patronised by thirsty Chinese sight-seers eager to quench their thirst.\n\nOn the opposite side of the road Beaconsfield Arcade was illuminated with lanterns in the arches of the top verandah, and Messrs. Schmidt and Co., watchmakers, had a star in gas over their entrance. Beaconsfield, now occupied by Messrs. Butterfield and Swire, had its front covered with white lanterns.\n\nThe magnificent building of the Hongkong and Shanghai Bank was most artistically dealt with. Over the portico were the words \"God save the Queen\" in gold letters on a white ground, with the figures 1837 and 1887 on each side. There were also shields bearing \"V. R.\" and other appropriate devices, and the whole façade was illuminated with red and white lanterns, with one monster lantern 11 feet high hanging in the entrance with the Royal Standard and Union Jack painted on it, surmounted by the Crown, the figures 1837 and 1887 appearing below. This huge affair drew forth many exclamations of astonishment from the Chinese. The eastern side of the Bank building was treated in a similar style. There was the name \"Victoria\" in gold letters on a white ground on the entablature over the centre pair of columns, with shields and trophies of flags on each side, the shields bearing the novel and appropriate device of the colours of various countries quartered—British, American, French, and German. There were also shields bearing \"1837\" and \"1887,\" and lanterns were hung round the pillars and along the top. The dome was lighted by strings of small coloured glass lamps carried up and around it, and stood out prominently. On the bamboo scaffolding of the still unfinished side of the Bank the letters \"V. R.\" and figures \"1837\" and \"1887\" were formed by white lanterns on a large scale and were very effective. Coloured lights were burned on the Praya side of the Bank at short intervals.\n\nProceeding along the Praya we next come to Messrs. D. Sassoon, Sons and Co.'s hong, illuminated with large masses of white lanterns under the cornice, the verandah arches being outlined in red with a large white lantern hanging in the arch. Messrs. Schellhass and Co. made a good show with red, white, and blue lanterns. The offices of the Messageries Maritimes were hung with beautiful variegated lanterns in lines. One of the most conspicuous features in the illumination as seen from the water were the stars and stripes of the United States which covered the whole front of Messrs. Russell and Co.'s hong worked out in blue, red, and white lanterns, sixteen hundred in all. The same design was adopted in the illuminations on the occasion of the Princes' visit, and was considered very successful then, but it was still more so this time, the ingenuity of the gentlemen who had the work in hand having discovered means of improving what appeared perfect before. There was also a design in white lanterns on the flagstaff. The chief feature in Messrs. Melchers and Co.'s illumination, and one that excited much admiration, was a large transparency painted from the Norddeutscher Lloyd's picture advertisement representing a fine Atlantic liner. On one side of this, in similar transparency, were the Norddeutscher Lloyd's arms, and on the other, also in transparency, three flags crossed—the British and German and the house flag of the firm. The paintings, excellently executed, were the work of Bung Qua, who was superintended by Mr. Baptista. There was also a large display of lanterns, with the letters \"V. R.\" in coloured glass lamps. The lower part of the same house is occupied by Messrs. Blackhead and Co., who had flags hung out. The corner house of this block, occupied by Messrs. More and Seimund on the ground floor and by Messrs. Holliday, Wise and Co., Messrs. Arnhold, Karberg and Co., and the Wharf and Godown Company above, was illuminated by white and coloured lanterns and various Chinese transparencies. One of the latter over the door in Pedder's street had moving figures, and appeared to amuse the Chinese.\n\nCrossing Pedder's-street, not noticing for the present the Clock Tower or the Triumphal Arch at Pedder's Wharf, we come to Messrs. Jardine, Matheson & Co.'s hong, which had a large transparency with \"V. R.\" and underneath it a St. Andrew's cross surrounded by thistles. There were",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 190,
        "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "189\n\nwith it you may have before you not only the official view but also the popular aspects of it, and that you may be able to understand the connection which undoubtedly exists between this special question and the general financial condition of the Colony, and the repeated efforts unavailingly made for some time past by the Unofficial Members to get from the Colonial Government an independent examination into the steady and constant increase in the aggregate cost of the administration of the Government, which we regard as exceptionally heavy if not excessive.\n\n164\n\nIn 1888 and 1889 this Colony was undoubtedly, so far as appearances went, in a very prosperous condition, and there was no reason to anticipate any serious alteration in its financial position in the immediate future. We need not do more than refer your Lordship, in proof of this, to Sir W.M. DES VEUX's exhaustive despatch of 31st October, 1889, to Lord KNUTSFORD, then Her Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nIn that despatch our late Governor was able to refer to the great wealth of the Colony, to the increased market value of the shares in all registered Companies in Hongkong, to the enormous rise in the value of land, and to the certainty of a further increase therein, leading to a great enhancement of revenue from land sales, crown rents, and an increased volume of taxation, and to a vast commerce in a healthy state of progress, etc., etc.\n\nA proposal was made at that time and most cordially supported, not only by the then Unofficial Members of Council but by the community generally, to improve the pay of the Civil Servants, compensating them in some way for the then rise in the cost of living in the Colony generally, but more especially in the item of house rent. The value of land in the Colony at that time was indeed very great, and rents were higher than they had ever been before. Early in 1889 a Commission, composed entirely of Unofficial Members of Council (the Chairman only excepted), recommended a general advance in salaries all round. The then Secretary of State for the Colonies approved of the recommendations with various alterations and modifications and after prolonged consideration and discussion in despatches and in Council a revised scale was approved and introduced into the Estimates for 1891.\n\nBut, during the two years that had elapsed since the first proposals were made, great changes had taken place in the financial condition of the Colony. In his speech in the Council, on 19th March, 1891, Sir G.W. DES VEUX forcibly pointed out that the Colony was suffering largely from three causes which had hit Hongkong extremely hard—one was the restrictive legislation against Chinese in the Australasian Colonies and in America; another was the increased cultivation of the Poppy in China, which had diminished our Opium Imports; and the third was the decline in the export of Chinese Tea owing to the competition of India and Ceylon.\n\nLand had fallen greatly in value; we were largely over-built in the City of Victoria, at the Peak, Magazine Gap, and at Kowloon; house rents were going down considerably in almost all instances; immense sums of money had been lost through unprofitable trade in tobacco planting in British North Borneo, mining ventures in the Malay Peninsula and elsewhere, and a number of the new local enterprises had not yet yielded any return on capital invested, while many others were in course of liquidation; the unprecedentedly violent fluctuations in the gold value of silver had paralyzed and rendered Export and Import trade not only unprofitable but disastrously bad, resulting in heavy losses, and the Colony's revenue showed every symptom of a serious falling off, more particularly the revenue derivable from the Government's Opium Farm, which was at that period about one fourth of the Colony's total income.\n\nThis state of affairs was aggravated by the Military Contribution to the Imperial Government from the Colony being increased from £20,000 to £40,000 per annum, or to nearly one sixth of our total annual revenue, on the ground that an increased Garrison was essential. Under these circumstances, and while the proposed increase in salaries was under consideration of the Secretary of State for final approval, the Unofficial Members of Council by telegram and by letter entreated his Lordship in the then generally unsatisfactory condition of the Colony to withhold his sanction from the proposed increase, and allow the whole matter to stand over until it was seen whether the Colony could or would recover from its then state of financial and general depression.\n\nThe payment of the enhanced rates of salary in the Colony was actually suspended for nearly six months pending the result of this appeal to the Secretary of State, and the Civil Servants were expressly warned by the Governor that if payment was made it would be only for the year, and that the whole question of salaries was open for reconsideration and revision in the next and following annual Estimates. Lord KNUTSFORD finally directed the payment for 1891 of the increased rates of salary, on the allegations that house rent for Europeans had increased from 100 to 150 per cent., and for Chinese 100 per cent. Distinct official caution was given to the officers concerned that it was not to be looked upon as a permanent increase, but as an increase that was open to reconsideration and reduction in the next or any following year, if there was no improvement in the financial condition of the Colony.\n\nThis being a brief history of the question of the increase in official salaries, can it be maintained, as it has been, that the Civil Servants have a vested interest in these increased salaries and that the Unofficial Members are guilty of a grossly inequitable attack on vested interests in moving now for the reduction of these salaries to their former level? We submit that it cannot be so maintained. The power to re-examine and re-adjust them if necessary was specially reserved, and the recipients were officially cautioned that they were not to look upon the increased salaries paid in 1891 as a permanent improvement.\n\nIs there any justification now for the present endeavour to reduce the increased salaries to the 1890 level?\n\nThe three causes, referred to by Sir G.W. DES VEUX, viz., restrictive legislation against Chinese in Australasia and America; the increased cultivation of the Poppy in China, which diminishes our Opium Imports; and the decline in the Export of Chinese Tea, owing to the competition of India and Ceylon, are still causing the Colony to suffer more largely and more severely than before, and whether any improvement can be looked for in the immediate future is extremely doubtful.\n\nLand has not improved in value; it is lower now than it has been for a number of years; and Land Sales have fallen off. It is improbable that the value of Land will improve for some time to come, as we are already largely over-built generally throughout the Colony, and the Reclamation of new land, along the Praya central westwards from the sea, will be available for building purposes sooner or later.\n\nIs the general trade of the Colony either amongst Chinese or Europeans profitable or even satisfactory? Undoubtedly not. Trade is bad, and has been for the last two years, probably worse than at any time in the Colony's history. There has been, unfortunately, continued general commercial and financial depression, apprehension, anxiety, and suspense; there is a general want of confidence, credit is seriously contracted, and several of the most respectable and oldest established of our mercantile houses have, under the strain of continuous heavy trade losses, collapsed, while the violent fluctuations in Exchange and the unprecedented decline in the gold value of silver have been the chief factor in bringing about the fall of the oldest Exchange Bank in the East, as well as largely contributing to the collapse of another Banking Institution whose Banking Assets recently were upwards of Ten and Three-quarters Millions of Pounds Sterling.\n\nThe trade of the adjoining Province, Kwangtung (Canton), has not shewn any increase in the first nine months of 1892 as compared with the corresponding period of 1891; on the contrary, the Chinese Customs Revenue shews a decrease of almost ten per cent., or over Taels 415,000. The published Returns of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs give:---\n\nRevenue for the first nine months of 1891Taels 4,244,994.24\nRevenue for the first nine months of 18923,829,906.57\n\nThe decrease for the first three-quarters of 1892 as compared with the same period of 1891, at Canton being over 5%, at Lappa (Macao) over 15%, and at Chinese Kowloon over 20%. The Chinese Customs Revenue may safely be regarded as an index to the variations in trade, and even the decreased volume thereof, for the reasons before mentioned, has in many instances resulted unprofitably. Trade cannot improve while the gold value of silver continues shrouded in boundless uncertainty and violent fluctuations in Exchange are taking place.\n\nReturns may shew some increase in the tonnage of shipping frequenting the harbour, but it is notorious in the Colony that a number of the steamers calling here have not been paying their running expenses, while nearly all have suffered pecuniarily in sympathy with the exceedingly unsatisfactory state of shipping all...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 341,
        "title": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "5:20 \n\nhe \n\nHongkong Telegraph. \n\nHONGKONG, SATURDAY, FEBRUARY 17, 1894. \n\nCHEAP SILVER, OR THE GOLD MONOPOLY. \n\nOne of the principal eventual results of the fall in the value of silver in its relation to gold will probably be the movement of the manufacturing centres from Europe and America to silver monometallic countries, such as Japan and China, which formerly had the advantage of cheaper labour—now rendered more so by the fall in silver; (for wages in silver remain the same in these countries, as does also the purchasing power of that metal as regards native produce and manufactures, which can supply all the necessities of the people. India, as a silver monometallic country, with cheap labour and freedom for all industries which could take root, grow, and flourish, was developing her trade enormously with the fall in silver giving her greater advantage over gold monometallic countries, like Great Britain. This was most noticeable in the growth of her trade in cotton yarn with China and Japan and her exports of tea and wheat to Europe, but other industries were likely to take root also, and flourish for the same reason that the cotton yarn trade and wheat trade thrived so well, cheap labour and a large market at her doors (the other densely populated countries of Asia for manufactured goods, and Europe for wheat). But India's promising prosperity has been suddenly cut down by the introduction of gold monometallism, the results of which will not be long in showing themselves. One of these will be the falling off of her exports of opium to China and the still more extended growth of the poppy in China to supply the demands of her own population; this will of course cause loss to the Indian exchequer, as also to the Peking Government, Japan (which above all is advancing with rapid bounds in every branch of manufacture) may be taken as the next country on which cheap silver will have most important effects, as industries there receive fair treatment, are fast taking root and flourishing. She has already, like India, benefited by the fall in silver; unlike India, however, her growing industries have not been blighted by the gold monopoly, but she is benefiting by its ill effects on other industrial countries, and, even when they are, by the injuries inflicted upon them by its continuance, brought to reason and adopt bimetallism, Japan will have been able to establish her industries (provided she adheres to silver monometallism) on such a firm basis that they will still be able with her cheap labour and other advantages to hold their own in the markets of Asia and America, if not elsewhere. It may here be noted that Japan, although not yet a ship-building country, may in the near future become so; already she figures as a steamship owner on no small scale (considering how recently she has emerged from a state of semi-barbarism) and is in the field as an ocean carrier, running steamers successfully not only on her own coasts but to ports in Siberia, Corea, China, the Philippine Islands, Sandwich Islands, Australia and India (this is due to a great extent to cheap silver), and now she is opening up banks in the ports where her trade has most developed, such as Shanghai and Hongkong, with a view to finance her own trade, also an indirect result of cheap silver. The raw materials for her new and growing industries she is seeking for yearly in more distant lands, as in the case of her cotton spinning and cotton weaving enterprises, the raw cotton for which she already imports from China, America, India, and even Egypt. The articles of a foreign type (imitations of foreign goods, perhaps at present inferior but very much cheaper and obtaining a ready sale in the large market, China) Japan now manufactures for home consumption and export would fill a long list if enumerated, and are daily increasing in value both as to quantity produced and variety of goods. \n\nChina, the country on which the effects of cheap silver are showing themselves in only a slightly less degree than in the case of India and Japan, may be next considered as to results already brought about and those which may be expected. As to those already evident it may be said that if her trade in cotton yarn and piece goods with Europe and India has not already all but entirely ceased it is on a fair way to do so and will cease so soon as Japan can produce sufficient to supply the market. As previously mentioned in considering India, that country was fast monopolising the cotton yarn trade in the East, whilst she was favoured by cheap silver, and ousting English yarn from the markets, mainly owing to the difference in cost of production (due to gold monometallism). In piece goods she would doubtless have done likewise were it not that Japan was already in the field. Other industries were likely to follow, though Japan already showed signs of taking to herself the monopoly of sundry manufactures requiring more enterprise, ingenuity, and skill in the labourer than is the case with spinning and weaving. Japan has besides the advantage of plentiful supplies of her own cheap coal, an important factor in all manufacturing enterprises. Since the gold standard has been introduced in India Japan has the field practically to herself (for China is not yet in it, because the few mills in Shanghai and Hankow, unless extended, as doubtless they now will be, are trifling competitors) and the advances made by Japan in the past quarter of a century, wonderful as they have been, are destined (should the present financial policies regarding the currency question remain unchanged in Europe, America, and Asia) to be eclipsed by the industrial progress of the next few years with its civilizing and elevating effects on the people, raising them and their country to a place of importance in the countries of the world such as Great Britain has gained and still holds, mainly through the wealth and strength gained by the industry of her people and with the continuance of which—now endangered by gold monometallism—alone it can be maintained. \n\nThe Foreign trade of China in cotton yarn and piece goods, which may be considered as the most important of her imports, now destined to fall entirely into the hands of Japanese manufacturers and merchants, can be taken as an example of what may be expected regarding her other imports, though in the case of some of them exceptional circumstances will prevent Japan from monopolizing them also, although she, with the present currency system, possesses so many advantages over Europe and America. The future effects of cheap silver on China depend greatly on the line of policy taken up by the officials in regard to the introduction of machinery for the manufacture in the first place of cotton yarn and textile fabrics; secondly on the encouragement or otherwise of mining, especially for coal and iron; thirdly the development of railways; and fourthly, on the establishment of manufactures other than cotton fabrics. If this is conducted, as at present, entirely under official control some progress may be made, but for reasons which I cannot enter upon, it will be very small and slow in development. If, as can hardly be expected, freedom is given to all to enter on the manufacture of goods by machinery and no difficulties are placed in the way of importing and establishing this machinery in factories or conducting the business and disposing of the products of same, great progress may be looked for and China will in a large measure supply the wants of her people in this line with her own productions in the course of a few years, and later, become an exporter of manufactured goods to other countries. \n\nWe may now consider the effects of cheap silver on the small but important colony of Hongkong at present labouring under its ill effects. The trade of Hongkong being mainly that of the import from Europe and elsewhere manufactured goods destined for the Chinese market and the export of China's raw products to Europe, America, etc., necessitating the financing of it being subject to the uncertainty in value of silver in relation to gold, the markets receiving China's raw products and supplying in return manufactured goods being gold monometallic countries, it is likely to suffer, as the trade of the whole world has suffered, from the present uncertainty as to the relative value of the two metals, but this it might hope to recover from when some definite policy has been arrived at as to whether bimetallism or monometallism is to prevail in Europe, \n\nPage 337",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 342,
        "title": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "India and America. Unfortunately it is pretty evident that some years must elapse before the question is definitely settled, as bimetallism, the eventual solution of the present troubles, is still on the losing side, although gaining adherents daily (especially amongst disinterested students of the question) from the ranks of the monometallists, many of them men of mark in the financial world. But though the trade of Hongkong must continue to suffer from the fluctuations of silver, there is a prospect of great prosperity for the colony if capital (and there should be lots of that forthcoming, British and Chinese) is only brought to the colony and invested in converting it into a vast Industrial hive, firstly in sharing with Japan the supplying of the Chinese market with cotton yarn and piece-goods, then starting match factories and other industries (the first in the field for the fortunes to be reaped thus in Hongkong are likely to continue to take the lion's share of the trade) for Hongkong. With a cheap dollar, it is in as good a position as China and Japan to supply the Eastern markets with manufactured goods, there being a limitless supply of cheap labour at hand, and industries started in Hongkong would enjoy all the freedom for their development which is to be found all the world over under the British flag; Hongkong is also well situated for drawing the needful supply of coal, at a minimum cost, from various sources. Macao, notwithstanding the misfortune of the silting up of her harbour, might also with a liberal and wise policy take a share in this prospect of supplying manufactured goods to China.\n\nThe effect of the present low value of silver, in relation to gold, on Europe and the United States, will be to put a stop within a few years to any export trade they may have with silver currency countries, those countries either drawing their supplies from other silver currency countries (manufactured goods probably from China—provided she gives facilities for the establishment of manufactures by machinery and security for the safety of capital invested in same—Japan, and Hongkong) or supplying their own needs. Later, they may expect to be drawing supplies of manufactured goods from these sources of cheap manufactures themselves. It is hardly probable, however, that they will remain blind to their own interests (or that those interested in booming gold will have things their own way till that happens, for there are already signs of the gathering together of the forces which will ere many years elapse effect their entire defeat) till such time that they have to turn to the East for their supply of manufactured goods, but before times have drifted thus far, some temporary, if not permanent, solution of the vexed currency question will have been arrived at; if not, the East is again destined to prevail over the West, not as formerly, however, by a resistless flow of armed men, but by the more irresistible power of commerce and civilization, for anarchy must be the lot of densely packed communities which have the means of earning their bread taken from them.\n\nGold gives stability to currency, but more than that is required, viz., sufficient currency for trade wants, and a more even ratio between gold and silver (the metal still forming the standard of more than half the world), bringing the cost of production in different parts equally suited for production of same commodities nearer the same level, otherwise the country with cost of production much in her favour must have the monopoly of supplying the world's wants, which as previously shown, Japan will have, at present, for manufactured goods.\n\nThe free coinage of silver should also be sanctioned by law, but not at a fixed ratio (the reasons for which I will give later on), the Government simply attesting by their stamp (all silver to be minted at Government mint) that the coins contain silver of a certain fixed weight and fineness, in order that people making use of silver in their transactions can accept them as such without having to weigh and test for themselves.\n\nThe ratio in value between two commodities cannot be fixed, but is subject to the natural law of supply and demand (gold and silver not excepted) as has been proved time and again by eminent political economists, and yet the financiers of the present day, with these proofs before them and taught amongst the first rudiments of the important science of political economy, will persist in ignoring the fact, trying to effect the impossible. No government has the right to refuse to give to its people a free and ample coinage for the carrying on of exchange transactions (trade) and if even lead and iron coins were likely to be utilized as media of exchange, it would be their duty to provide facilities for having the coins stamped with the Government impression as a guarantee of their pureness and weight, charging whatever was necessary for working expenses to those bringing in the metal for coinage, the Government having nothing to do with assuring their value in relation to other commodities (metals included) or to one another (which as a matter of fact they cannot do; the natural law of supply and demand settling that in spite of all human efforts to oppose its workings).\n\nThe attempts to fix the value ratio between the noble metals, gold and silver, is one of the great impediments to the introduction of bi-metallism. There is no reason why there should not be multi-metallism if likely to be utilized in exchange transactions by the people (but in practice, natural law being allowed free play, bi-metallism, gold and silver being the metals, would doubtless prevail and therefore freedom in the optional use of either of these metals should be facilitated and allowed by the free coinage of them by government).\n\nThe difficulties in the way of the introduction of bi-metallism might easily be surmounted if people would have the common-sense to leave the fixing of the ratio to natural laws instead of trying to become Almighty and fix it for themselves. All that is required is to stamp the coins and natural laws will settle the rest if allowed free play, the expense of stamping the coins falling, of course, in the first place, on those taking the metal to the mint; if the tokens were not in demand, the loss would fall on them also and no more of that metal would be brought for coinage till such time as it was again in demand.\n\nThe gold monometallists may well (and with justice) say in opposition to the introduction of bi-metallism at a fixed ratio that it would be unjust to make a man receive in return for a gold loan or debt repayment in silver at a fixed ratio, that ratio not representing the equivalent in value (as it could not, unless the then prevailing market rate of silver corresponded with that ratio) of the gold lent. Any arbitrary ratio must be a failure, the only true test of relative value being the prevailing market rate the metals settled by supply and demand. Bimetallists must recognize this, and give up all idea of fixing the ratio, or else give up agitating for bi-metallism, for under such condition it would be unjust to holders of gold and would result in the withdrawal of gold from circulation. The Gresham law (admitted to be sound by all eminent authorities on political economy) would at once come into operation were bi-metallism at a fixed ratio inaugurated and the metal whose market value was higher than that fixed by law, in relation to the other, would be withdrawn from circulation and the other alone be in use for currency, so that if the ratio were against gold, as would probably be the case, gold coins would disappear.\n\nBi-metallists, again, can with equal justice declaim against gold receiving an artificial value by having the monopoly of employment as currency, the supply of gold being deficient for the demands of trade and there being other metals, notably silver, capable of supplying the deficiency. Even gold monometallists cannot do without the use of silver for small change, but they seek to limit its use to that function only (though it is well adapted for larger transactions) and in doing so they have again to fall back on a fixed ratio.\n\nThe fact is, the folly of adopting a fixed ratio is one of the great evils of the present currency system. You may perhaps to-day succeed in fixing a ratio which is a pretty fair thing, which would work well enough were the supply of the metals to remain relatively about the same, but with the great scientific discoveries of present times (and who can say what the possibilities of the future are?) it is impossible to say how long it would remain so. One of the principal factors in settling the value of metal is the cost of its production (witness the great fall in late years in the cost of the production of aluminium, a metal destined to oust iron from many of its present uses) and any day a discovery may be made which would reduce the cost of extraction of gold or silver from...\n\nPage 338",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "# shall convince their silver-loving constituents at home that its coin their silver at the mints of Mexico and pay its Government advocates are at heart the friends of silver, which shall couple 4.40 per cent, or they must pay the Government 2 per cent duty with seigniorage that grotesque suggestion of the President in for exporting it. his veto message, that if the Congress of the United States would let the Government borrow what money it wanted on its Interest-bearing bonds, then the country could afford a further issue of silver money which requires no redemption, except silver itself.\n\nThe Republic of Mexico produces some $50,000,000 annually in silver. Of this amount, some $5,000,000 or more are exported in bullion in small amounts to meet the local demands of trade and commerce. Some $20,000,000 of the product of Mexico goes in matte to the great refineries of Swansea, in England, and is there coined.\n\nSuch a suggestion, Mr. President, is too petty to be fairly considered. If we are to have bonds, let us meet a bond issue like men. I for one need no sop thrown to me of a seigniorage bill in consideration that I shall give the Secretary of the Treasury my vote to issue unlimited bonds to meet unknown and uncertain deficits. We will cross that stream when we reach it. It is within my memory, Mr. President, when no dollar of silver was ever produced in this country to any commercial extent. Since that time, in the last twenty years, we have built our refineries, built our smelting works, we have adopted different processes, and we now smelt our silver into bullion, but $20,000,000 of the product of Mexico still goes to England in the form of matte.\n\nThis resolution, then, is not introduced because it has any relation whatever with the future of the silver question in the United States. It has no sort of connection with the great principle of bimetallism.\n\nChina, like all other nations doing business on a silver basis, and owing no debts the principal and interest of which are payable in gold, is in a most prosperous and happy condition, with a rapidly increasing commerce and largely increasing exports. There has not been a period in the history of that nation when its internal affairs and its foreign commerce were in as good a condition as now. That condition has been largely facilitated by the attitude of Great Britain toward India, to which I shall hereafter refer, but it is a fact that the trade of China, internal and with the outer world, was never as prosperous as now.\n\nThat country, with its population of upwards of 400,000,000, is dominated by precedent; its methods of agriculture, of manufacture, and of transportation have remained unchanged through all the centuries. When she first opened her ports unwillingly to foreign nations, the Mexican dollar was adopted as the standard of value and its adoption has remained unchanged. Almost every other nation of the world has endeavored to introduce its dollars in competition with the Mexican dollar, and has failed. The English Government for a time, at Hongkong, started the coinage of a British dollar, and coined some 10,000,000 of them. Some of them were used in circulation, some of them as buttons, as bangles, and as ornaments; but they made no general impression upon the country, and their coinage was withdrawn.\n\nThe French nation commenced the coinage of a dollar with which to transact its commercial business with China, but it was compelled to withdraw it.\n\nThe Japanese Government now coins its yen, with not quite so much silver in it as had the Mexican dollar. It has also something of a circulation, but an extremely limited circulation in China.\n\nOur trade dollar, of which we issued some $35,000,000, never became general in use throughout the Chinese Empire.\n\nThe Senator from Ohio [Mr. SHERMAN] inadvertently made a suggestion the other day which is not in accordance with the fact, that the Chinese Government stamped the \"yen\" upon the coin, and it then became currency. The \"yen\" is the name of the Japanese coin. It was the custom at the time our trade dollar was introduced in China for each business house receiving a dollar to stamp its \"chop\" or business mark or device upon the dollar, and then it would circulate to the next business house, which, in turn, would stamp its \"chop\" or mark upon it.\n\nAfter circulating a few times, it would become defaced, disfigured, and light in weight, when it would be rejected by the banks, and after its rejection by the banks, it would be coined into bullion. The bullion afterwards found its way into India or was hoarded, as was the custom in those years, as among the assets of the retiring Chinese merchants who were in the habit of running their silver into bullion and preserving it as part of their treasure or assets or fortune, but in all those attempts, nothing has taken the place of the Mexican dollar. The Mexican Government started to change the emblem on its dollar, but that change was unacceptable to the Chinese Government, and the old Mexican dollar still stands as the standard of circulation in that country.\n\nDisraeli has said that every precedent embalms a principle; and it may be, Mr. President, that back of this precedent, which seems to us meaningless, the fact that while other countries coined a dollar for foreign circulation only, the Mexican Government has issued to China, no dollar which it repudiates at home, may have had much to do with the fact that the Mexican dollar has remained the standard. This Mexican dollar is a dollar of 377 grains fine, known as the dollar marked with the cactus, the eagle, and snake.\n\nTo meet this universal demand, the Mexican mints are more than overcrowded. The Mexican Government charges a seigniorage of 4.40 per cent on every dollar which it coins. It charges an export duty of 2 per cent on all silver exported from the country. So that those producing silver in Mexico must either\n\n| Capacity of Mexican Mints | Amount Coined | Destination |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 25-26 million dollars | $1,000,000 stays in Mexico | Mostly exported to Japan, India, and other parts of Asia |\n|  |  | About $7,500,000 goes by way of San Francisco |\n|  |  | A little less amount goes by way of England, from Liverpool and London, direct to Asia |\n\nThe capacity of the Mexican mints is but twenty-five to twenty-six million dollars. Of this amount, $1,000,000 stays in the Republic of Mexico; all the rest of it is exported. The exportation is almost entirely to Japan, India, and other parts of Asia. Of this export, about $7,500,000 on an average for the last ten years goes by way of San Francisco, a little less amount goes by way of England, from Liverpool and London, direct to Asia, and the rest of it probably goes abroad in the pockets of returning Chinamen or through Chilean or Peruvian ports. Of the amount that is coined, there is already, owing to this demand, not only a scarcity of Mexican dollars, but a scarcity of silver in Mexico for coinage purposes. I saw in one of yesterday's newspapers, the New York Tribune, I believe it was, a telegram from Boston saying: \"A dispatch to the Herald from the City of Mexico says: 'Silver bars refined in the United States from Mexican ore are arriving here for coinage into dollars. Eighty-eight bars have been received, and more are expected. German bullion dealers are talking of sending bar silver here for the same purpose, owing to the increasing demand for Mexican dollars in China, where a scanty supply has hindered trade operations.'\"\n\nThe fact that the supply is insufficient is shown not only by the importation of silver into Mexico for the purpose of being coined, but it is also shown by the fact that certain quantities, not large, of bullion are exported to China.\n\nWe hear much of Chinese mints. There is a mint at Shanghai known as the Royal Chinese Mint. Its business, its surroundings are all shrouded in the greatest mystery. It is in the hands of local mandarins under some contract with the Government. Our consul made a report upon it last year. The only information he could obtain was that there were coined in the mint about 3,000,000 ounces of silver, and out of that amount, there were 10,000,000 ten-cent pieces, which were utilized principally by the natives as buttons. The coinage of the Chinese mint, however, amounts practically to nothing.\n\nChina produces no silver. This bullion goes to China because there are not Mexican dollars enough to do the business, and it is from the fact that Mexican dollars in London and in New York bring a premium from a half per cent to 3 per cent; that the demand is for the Mexican dollar, and the supply is insufficient. The effect of the enlargement of the facilities of Mexico in the coinage of its dollars must be to enlarge our commerce as well as to facilitate the world's commerce with China.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. Will the Senator answer a question at that point?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. With pleasure.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. I ask if the premium on Mexican dollars is not owing to the Chinese demand?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. It is owing to the Chinese demand—not the Indian, but the Asiatic demand for dollars.\n\nMr. HIGGINS. They are not to be used in this country?\n\nMr. WOLCOTT. They are wholly for shipment to Asia. Our commerce with China is already great. Our exports to China last year were $3,900,000; our imports were upwards of $20,000,000; of which sum $5,000,000 were dutiable and some $15,000,000 were free.\n\nIf these dollars shall be coined at our mints at Carson City and at San Francisco, it will create something of an active silver market on the Pacific coast, and where the dollars are, the facilities for shipment and commerce will go also. There will be a demand for these dollars from London merchants and from English and from Scotch merchants. They will lend gold to this country in exchange for the dollars which will be shipped direct, and it will add much to the steamship commerce between the Pacific coast and Asia. Many of these dollars will find their way into the Indian market. They are handy; they will up country be remelted and made into bangles and ornaments. There is always a certain demand in India also for Mexican dollars.\n\nThe total commerce of China has of late years assumed enormous importance. Her foreign commerce last year consisted of £27,000,000 of imports and £25,030,000 of exports. These exports are rapidly increasing in volume and in value and are very much facilitated, as I have said, by the action of England toward her colonies in India.\n\nThe attitude of Great Britain is most pregnant with interest in this country, for no matter what may be our legislation, the attitude of Great Britain toward India, the prices at which her wheat and jute and cotton are to be sold, the facilities of the exchange into English money, must ever materially affect the prices of those products in this country which we raise in competition with that great people.\n\nThe present policy which Great Britain is following towards India... She is animated naturally by her own selfish interest. The products of India and the products of China are much alike, and whatever we can do to upbuild the commerce of Asia at the expense of the commerce of India must be to our advantage as showing England where her interests lie.\n\nPage 180\nPage 181\n\nWe are met with the threat that England may sell her silver bullion on hand. It has been recently suggested by the English press that the 20 crores of bullion, or the 80,000,000 ounces of silver, which England has on hand in India may be sold. If that unfortunate occurrence should take place, there is no doubt that the price of silver would be further depreciated; there is no doubt that it would add to the already untold disasters which have overtaken the world because of the abandonment of silver; but I venture the prediction that England will never take that step, for when she does that, she makes valueless hundreds and thousands of millions of dollars of bonds, the principal and interest of which are payable in gold, which silver-using countries have borrowed of her. Let her sell her silver on hand in India and you will find every silver-using country on earth repudiate every gold payment it owes; and 90 per cent of those payments are due to Great Britain.\n\nThe Indian government collects its revenue in silver rupees; the revenue collected since last June and remaining in the treasury amounts to some 20 crores of rupees—in other words, to some 80,000,000 ounces of silver. There are some 4,000,000 ounces to the crore. The crore is an East Indian word signifying 10,000,000, and 10,000,000 rupees mean something over 4,000,000 ounces of silver. These 80,000,000 ounces of silver are now locked up in the English treasury in India, making a scarcity of actual rupees for commerce in India.\n\nNow, the demand for these rupees, through sales of so-called \"council drafts\" in London, is the demand of English importers of Indian wheat, cotton, and jute, who require silver rupees to pay for their purchases from Indian farmers. But the government of India, by closing the mints, has said: \"You can not any longer pay rupees by buying silver from America, or elsewhere and coining it in Bombay, therefore you must now buy these rupees from our government treasuries, and at whatever price we fix.\" True, the value of the silver in the rupee is now only 22 cents per rupee, but they will not sell their coins, their \"council drafts,\" for less than 28 cents per rupee; either take them at that price or leave and go out of business. This result has followed from this policy of coercion. China, for example, is getting silver—is getting Mexican dollars—for what she sells in Europe at their bullion value, but the Indian exporter is finding that the present artificially high price charged by the government of India for the rupee is giving the China exporter a great advantage he never got before.\n\nLet me illustrate this point carefully. In India, the government has fixed the value of the rupee at 28 cents, while the value of a corresponding weight of silver in China, say two-fifths of an ounce, is 23 cents. Now, if we suppose 1 pound of tea in India costs 1 rupee, then the Indian grower can sell some 17 pounds of tea for the gold sovereign. But the Chinaman can afford to sell 23 pounds of tea for the sovereign. As this argument applies to most of India's exports, the balance of trade since the closing of the mints has gone strongly against India, and is greatly favoring China; and just as the rise in the Indian rates of exchange and the fall in the China rates has thrown the balance of trade against India and is favoring China, so also the fall in the rate of exchange between the silver-using countries and Europe since 1873 has tended to destroy our favorable balance of trade with gold-using Europe, by stimulating the trade in wheat and cotton from Asia at the expense of our exports of these staples.\n\nThe question of the production of silver is not to be settled by by attempting to further degrade and dishonor it. Many of us have taken the position here on the floor of the Senate for years, that even if we rehabilitated silver and restored the old free coinage at the ratio of 16 to 1, the production of silver would not be increased. We have said that the rise in prices, the rise in wages, the limited and narrowing area for the discovery and development of silver mines, would prevent in any event the further and larger development and output of silver ores. Mr. President, there has lately been borne in upon us a different condition of facts.\n\nWe now face another proposition. Every one of these estimates has been based upon the assumption that silver alone depreciated. But one lesson that we are painfully and slowly, but surely, learning to-day, is that not only has the price of silver depreciated or the price of gold appreciated, but that wages are decreasing, that the cost of the necessaries of life is decreasing, that the food the miner eats and the clothes he wears are growing less in cost, that the cost of machinery for the development of mines is less, that the cost of making roads is less, that the traffic upon the railroads will bear less, and out of the misery of it all, there must come the inevitable fact that, as silver declines in value, so men with mouths to feed will be found to produce it for less wages.\n\nOur furnaces are cold, our fires are out, our mines are most of them closed; those which are kept open are kept open in order to prevent the timbers from rotting and the waters from flooding the mines; yet when these miners—intelligent men who have up to this time found work at prices which remunerated them and enabled them to add to the glory of American manhood, to educate their children, to feed them and to own their own homes—find that the monetary policy of this country prevents their receiving these wages, and that it is starvation or nothing—\n\nSo, following this, I desire to call the attention of the Senate briefly to an Indian opinion as to the effect which is being produced in India by the floundering policy of the English Government towards India. I read very briefly from some recent remarks by Hon. Robert Steel, who is the commercial member of the viceroy's council in India. In an address which he delivered at the meeting of the Bengal Chamber of Commerce, he says:\n\n\"We may now judge of the result of the closing of the mints. The secretary of state can not sell his council bills. The balance of trade has disappeared. Exchange is falling, and there seems to be no chance of the downward course being arrested until we reach the metallic value of the rupee. Money is at 6 per cent, and may go much higher, but the exchange banks, in view of the further expected fall in exchange, will not bring out one rupee more than the amount they absolutely require to pay for the bills they have bought. By the presence of dear money and the prospect of still dearer money, trade is paralyzed. The fact is that the action of government in closing the mints has caused silver to fall to a lower point than it otherwise would have done, and yet it appears that whether the mints are closed or open, there is no chance that council bills can be sold on the scale of our requirements until exchange reaches the bullion point.\n\n\"Our trade is paralyzed\" in the hope of relieving the embarrassments of government, and yet the departure from a sound currency system is making the position of government worse than it was before. The present course can not be persevered in long. We can not go on borrowing gold and piling up money in our treasuries here today of reckoning must come, and can not be far off. We in English statesmanship are already pressing the unanswerable charge that the Indian Government has entered into a gigantic speculation in silver. This is serious enough in itself, but when it appears that the speculation is certain to be a losing one, the clamor against it will be irresistible. What then must be done? We are, perhaps, on the eve of a crisis which may give a terrible shock to industry, to commerce, and to credit. We can not prosper without a sound currency acting automatically. Let us open our mints, and we shall again see a wave of prosperity flowing over the land like that which followed in gold-using countries the discoveries of gold in California and Australia fifty years ago.\"\n\nThis, Mr. President, is an intelligent Indian opinion of the ...\n\nMr. SHERMAN. Mr. President, I do not intend to participate in any debate on this question, because I am inclined to think that the passage of the resolution and the undertaking by the President of the United States to negotiate some measure of relief to silver would be at this time a wise measure to pass. I certainly would favor any proposition which would tend to give silver a larger use for commercial or financial purposes. It would be a great benefit to the human race, it would be of vast...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 473,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "## THE WORLD'S GOLD AND SILVER PRODUCTION\n\nIn commenting upon the statistics published by Messrs. Wells, Fargo and Co., and recently summarised in our columns, the New York \"Financial Chronicle\" supplements the information therein contained, from various other authorities. The following is given as the production in ounces of gold and silver from all parts of the world in periods of five years from 1870 to 1890, and thereafter annually:\n\n| Years | Gold, ozs. | Silver, ozs. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1871-6 |  |  |\n| 1876-80 | 28,020,614 | 71,286,826 |\n| 1880-5 | 26,349,054 | 78,178,711 |\n| 1886-90 | 24,567,740 | 82,294,082 |\n| 1890 |  |  |\n| 1891 | 6,103,447 | 103,883,441 |\n| 1892 | 6,762,842 | 26,989,860 |\n| 1893 | 7,291,387 | 25,091,300 |\n\nWith regard to these figures, the \"Chronicle\" states: The silver mines of the world are probably in the aggregate turning out less silver to-day than they were a year ago. On the contrary, the gold mines of the world are turning out in January, 1894, more gold than they were in January, 1893. This tendency in gold towards an increased production has indeed been observable for a number of years back. The lowest figures for gold were reached from 1881 to 1885, both years inclusive; 1882 showing the smallest product. Beginning with 1886, there has been an improvement - not uniform year by year, but none the less obvious. This increase was considerable in 1891; but in 1892 it was more marked, and in 1893 it has been still more conspicuous.\n\nOf course the main contribution to the recent increase has been from South Africa, which now stands third to the United States and Australia, and bids fair to surpass both. With respect to silver production, the \"Chronicle\" points out that in the Broken Hill field, which has given the largest product of late, the ore is gradually growing less productive: Comparing 1890 with 1893, the average yield of the ore per ton has decreased nearly 9 ounces, or almost 25 per cent. In other words, while the price of silver has been falling the cost of production has been rising. This is what we might call cutting the margin of profit off at both ends. That is a very exhaustive process, but it is the recent history of nearly all silver mines. We can hardly think in the light of that fact, and of the less probability in at least all the old fields of the discovery of new and largely productive veins, that under the average price of 1893 the present silver supply can be kept up long.\n\n### Letter from THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE\n\n**THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE**  \nINCORPORATED  \n**BOTOLPH HOUSE, EASTCHEAP, LONDON. E.C.**  \nFebruary 12th, 1894\n\nThe Marquess of Ripon,  \nColonial Office,  \nWHITEHALL. S.W.\n\nMy Lord,\n\nThis Chamber has, at the request of the Hong Kong Chamber of Commerce conveyed to us by telegram, carefully considered in conjunction with its East India & China Trade Section, the advisability of creating a British Dollar, and I am now directed to bring to your Lordship's attention on behalf of the Section the desirability of at this time sanctioning a new coin to be minted in India and to be made legal tender in the Straits Settlements & Hong Kong, and to run pari passu with the Mexican dollar in the latter.\n\n...\n\nR. 1572  \nRus 14/2",
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        "id": 360220,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-271 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1896 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 416,
        "title": "CO129-271 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1896 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## Classes II. C & III. A.B. with History.\n\n(Five questions to be done, among which must be those marked.*)\n\n*1. What is the meaning of?--Feudal system, Monarchy, Anarchy, House of Anjou, Civil War, Crusades, a pretender, antiquaries, Prince of Wales, Constitution, Provisions.\n\n2. Who were John Balliol, Becket, Wallace, Simon de Montfort, Perkin Warbeck, Coeur de Lion, Earl of Warwick, Wycliffe, Wat Tyler, Prince Arthur, The Black Prince, Queen Maud, Walter Tyrrel, Beauclerc, Longshanks, Joan of Arc?\n\n3. In what reigns were the following?-Barons War, Battle of Bosworth, Crecy, Agincourt, Magna Charta, Bannockburn, Poitiers, Domesday Book.\n\n4. Write a short character of Richard I, or Henry V.\n\n5. Give in their order the principal battles in the Wars of the Roses, and say by which side they were won.\n\n6. What right had Edward I. to the throne of Scotland; and how did he enforce it?\n\n7. What right to the throne of England had---William I., William II., Henry II., Edward I., Henry IV., Richard III?\n\n## DICTATION AND TRANSLATION INTO CHINESE.\n\n### Class I.\n\n## DICTATION AND TRANSLATION INTO CHINESE. Class III A.\n\n(Translate the first part only. End with the words \"length of time.\")\n\nAt low water the sand becomes firm, and may be walked on in safety; but as the tide rises the water saturates the mass of sand and transforms it into a pulp of the consistency of mud. It is when in this state that the Sands are most dangerous; not only because ships that then strike on them gradually sink into the ooze, but also because then the sand shifts from place to place, so as to render charts useless for any length of time.\n\nIt is noble to seek truth, and it is beautiful to find it. It is the ancient feeling of the human heart, that knowledge is better than riches; and it is deeply and sacredly true.\n\nTo mark the course of human passions as they have flowed on in the ages that are past; to see why nations have risen and why they have fallen; to speak of light, and heat, and the winds; to know what man has discovered in the heavens above and in the earth beneath; to hear the chemist unfold the marvellous properties which the Creator has locked up in a speck of earth—it is worth while in the days of our youth to strive hard for this great discipline.\n\nA life of knowledge is not often a life of injury and crime. Whom does such a man oppress? With whose happiness does he interfere? In the pursuit of science he injures no man, and in the acquisition he does good to all.\n\n127 words usual length.\n\n### Class II. A.\n\nIt is evidently the continent most thickly covered with cities and towns; and with high-roads, canals, and railways, weaving the towns into a living and ever-busy net-work. There civilisation has struck its roots deepest, and stretched its branches widest. There the arts and sciences have reached their highest development. There the great mechanical inventions which have knit the world into one vast inter-dependent society have had their birth; and commerce, manufactures, and agriculture have been brought to the greatest perfection. Europe has laid the whole world under contribution for the supply of her physical wants. In return the whole world has been laid under obligation to her for not less real benefits.\n\n100 words usual length.\n\n### Class II. B.\n\nThree ships are placed to warn sailors of their approach to this dangerous shoal—one at the southern extremity, and one on a point about the middle of the western side.\n\n### Class III. B.\n\n(Translate the first part only. End with the words \"of the law.\")\n\nThe Charter, creased with age and injured by fire, but with John's seal hanging to it, is still to be seen. When it is looked into, it seems to do very little. It bound the king not to demand money from his people without the consent of the great vassals and of the burghers of the cities; it required that no one should be made an officer of justice unless he had a knowledge of the law, and that the chief court of justice should not move about with the king, but be always in one place.\n\nNor was the king to sell, refuse, or delay justice to any man, nor to seize the person or goods of any freeman without the lawful judgment of his peers,—i.e., equals—according to the law of the land.\n\n### Class IV. A.\n\n(Translate the first part only. End with the words “front ranks.”)\n\nSometimes the people turn out of the village which the locusts are approaching, and attempt to stem the torrent. They dig trenches, they kindle fires, they attack them with branches of trees, they sweep them back with brushes; but all to no purpose. The trenches become filled with living locusts, the fires are smothered with dead ones, and the vast column moves on in complete ignorance of the fate of the front ranks.\n\nAs for attempting to brush away this terrible enemy, one might as well expect to sweep back the flowing tide with a broom. Even the direction of the march cannot be changed. A common instinct seems to carry them right onward. They pursue their line of march with the regularity of a disciplined army.\n\n### Class IV. B.C.\n\n(Translate the first part only. End with the word \"fatigue.\")\n\nThe wise Romans made excellent roads, extending through all parts of their empire; and some of them can yet be traced in England, running along as straight as an arrow.\n\nOne of these is Watling Street, so often mentioned in history. After the fall of the Roman Empire their roads were neglected, they fell into decay, and the traveller could hardly proceed without great danger, or, at least, great fatigue.\n\nIt is so with all the crafts, and they are inseparably dependent one on another. The mason waits on the carpenter for his mallet, and the carpenter on the smith for his saw; the smith on the smelter for his iron, and the smelter on the miner for his ore. Each, moreover, needs the help of all the others—the carpenter the smith, as much as the smith the carpenter; and both the mason, much as the mason both. This helplessness of the single craftsman is altogether peculiar to the human artist. Amongst the lower animals it is not seen; and they have never heard of such a doctrine as that of the division of labour.\n\n100 words usual length.\n\n## DICTATION.\n\n### Class II. C.\n\nShot is made by pouring melted lead through a colander, from a great height, into water beneath. In the descent, the shot becomes globular, from the same cause that drops of rain assume that form in falling. In various manufacturing towns shot of all sizes is made on a large scale, more or less slowly falling into water beneath. The opposition of the air causes the roundness; and the coldness of the water does the hardening at once.\n\nAll but one of your horse plunged into a marsh, you came to a river, and the bridge was broken. If you tried to ford the stream, your horse might get out of his depth and then he and his rider would be nearly drowned.\n\n### Class V. A.\n\n(Translate the first part only. End with the words “her cottage window,”)\n\nThere was once a poor old widow, who, finding it hard work to get her living at home, thought she would like to go to the gold-diggings in Australia. So she crossed the sea to that far-off country, taking with her only the treasures she possessed. One of these was a pet skylark, which had been used to live in a small wicker cage, outside her cottage window.\n\nWhen she was at home, she and her neighbours used to sit under her door, taking their dinners. Day after day, the lark sang his happy song beside her door. She listened, and it cheered her. When she got to Australia, she hired a hut, and got her living by washing the gold-diggers' clothes, and it cheered her at her work. Some of the gold-diggers listened too.",
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        "id": 384286,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 163,
        "title": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Extract from the China Mail of the 20th January, 1902. 3347\n\nWEHAIWEI.\n\nWe have much pleasure in announcing the appointment of the Hon. J. H. Stewart Lockhart, Colonial Secretary of Hongkong, to the post of Commissioner of Weihaiwei. Since Weihaiwei was taken over from the Japanese, it has been administered by Naval and Military Commissioners, but on the 1st of January, 1901, the Colonial Office assumed the civil administration of the new Colony, and it is under that administration that Mr Stewart Lockhart becomes the first Civil Commissioner or Governor. Needless to say, his appointment will be sincerely approved by his numerous friends in this Colony and elsewhere. In itself, it is a mark of the high opinion entertained at the Colonial Office of Mr Stewart Lockhart's administrative ability that he should have been selected as the first Governor of this important outpost of the British Empire, in the Far East; and we have good reason to believe that his tactful energy will so distinguish his administration there that in due course other honours and higher appointments will fall to his lot.\n\nMr Stewart Lockhart came to Hong-kong with a good record. His early school days were spent at King William's School, Isle of Man, and Watson's College, Edinburgh, and at Edinburgh University he was a distinguished undergraduate, winning the Greek gold medal. After the usual competitive examination, he entered the Colonial service as a cadet, coming out to Hong-kong in that capacity in 1878. He applied himself assiduously to the study of the Chinese language, and, although some consider it a doubtful honour, he has every right to be enrolled in the limited list of men known as sinologues. His exceptional aptitude for the Chinese language probably accounts for his familiarity with the Registrar General's Department of the Colony, for as early as 1883 he was Assistant Colonial Secretary and Assistant Registrar-General.\n\nHaving filled several subordinate and acting appointments, he was selected for the position of Registrar General in 1887, and in the same year became a Member of the Legislative Council. In 1891, he was appointed to the Executive Council, thus taking the place in the inner councils of the local administration to which his knowledge of the Chinese fully entitled him. Before the Special Commission—known as the Retrenchment Commission—appointed at the instance of the Unofficial Members of the Legislative Council to enquire into the working of the civil service of the Colony, Sir George O'Brien, then Colonial Secretary of Hongkong and now Governor of Fiji, expressed a very high opinion of Mr Stewart Lockhart's ability and capacity for work; and it seemed to be in the fitness of things that when Sir George O'Brien left the Colony Mr Lockhart should be selected as his successor.\n\nSir George's opinion that so long as Mr Lockhart remained in the Colony he might well hold the joint offices of Registrar General and Colonial Secretary, and he accordingly held both offices until the increased work falling upon the Colonial Secretary's department in consequence of the extension of the Colony's boundaries necessitated a reversion to the old system. When it was proposed to extend the Colony by the acquisition of the New Territory at Kowloon, he was the Special Commissioner appointed by the Imperial Authorities to prepare an exhaustive report thereon, and he was afterwards the representative of Great Britain in the delimitation of the boundary. For both of these exceptional services he received the thanks of the Secretary of State, and in 1898 was decorated as C.M.G. In addition to his routine duties, Mr Lockhart has served on numerous Special Commissions and Committees, and has established a loyal and honourable record excelled by few men in the service.\n\nWe have not always seen eye to eye with Mr Lockhart on public questions and reference to our files would reveal the fact that he has frequently been the subject of severe criticism; but we are pleased to think that this robust difference of opinion has not embittered our personal relations and that we join honestly in the wish that the new Commissioner of Weihaiwei has a long and distinguished career yet ahead in the Imperial Service.\n\nOf Mr Stewart Lockhart's interest in local affairs it is scarcely necessary to refer. He is proud of being a Scotsman, and it is doubtful whether he considers the Commissionership of Weihaiwei a higher honour than the Presidency of the Hongkong St. Andrew's Society, which he filled with much credit. At one time, he was an active participant in all our outdoor sports, and a successful one, as may be seen from the records of the various athletic clubs of the Colony. He was once Chairman of the Victoria Recreation Club, and at the present time is Chairman of the rival institution, the Hong-kong Club. He has been also President of the Hongkong Football Club for many years, and though not now so willing to join in the pack as when he was a member of the Edinburgh University Rugby team, he never misses an opportunity of seeing a good match at the Happy Valley.\n\nWe have no doubt that wherever the fortunes of the service may transplant him, Mr Lockhart will carry with him his love of health-giving outdoor recreation, and equally we have no doubt the experience he has gained in Hongkong will be to the benefit and advantage of those who serve under him or who have the good fortune to be placed under his rule.",
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    {
        "id": 391273,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 234,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n2\n\ncarry out its pledge that foreign goods and native goods intended for export should not be interfered with, it might possibly happen that one or other of the provincial authorities might make such arrangements for the collection of the consumption tax as would involve interference with these classes of goods, and thus the Central Government would be exposed to a charge of failing to keep its engagements. It is assumed, therefore, that the Chinese Government has considered in advance the arrangements it will make, and what is desired is information as to what those arrangements are to be. The British merchants, for instance, consider that the Chinese Government must by this time—that is, eight months after the signing of the Treaty—be in a position to state in what places the consumption tax will be levied, and by what class of officials, and under what rules.\n\nThe second point on which in my earlier note information was asked related to the excise on goods of foreign type manufactured by machinery in China. The Treaty provides that the excise is to be collected through the Imperial Maritime Customs, whether the goods are manufactured by foreigners at the Treaty ports or by Chinese anywhere in China. The British commercial community are anxious to know what arrangements the Chinese Government proposes to make to insure the payment to the Customs of this excise on goods manufactured at places in the interior where no Maritime Customs officers are stationed.\n\nThe third point was the amount of the remittances which the provinces will be required to make out of the funds to be obtained from the increased import duties. To this inquiry your Highness answered that the amount could not be determined until it was seen what was the actual revenue produced by the surtax. But I am instructed by His Majesty's Government to point out that there is no necessity to wait till the actual yield of the surtax is ascertained. An examination of the Annexes to the Treaty will show your Highness that the provinces are to continue to remit to Peking the same contribution as that they have hitherto remitted out of their li-kin revenue, and that they shall also continue to provide whatever is necessary for the service of the foreign loan, to which li-kin is partly pledged. Both these amounts must at the present moment be known to the Board of Revenue; they must know what is the amount of the present contribution from each province out of li-kin receipts, and also what are the annual payments for the foreign loan secured on li-kin revenue, and what His Majesty's Government ask is to be informed what these amounts are.\n\nA further point is the following:\n\nBy section 3 of Article VIII of the Treaty, the Chinese Government engage to furnish the British Government with a list of the native custom-houses now existing, as enumerated in certain official Regulations; and, by section 5 of the same Article, the Chinese Government promise to draw up and communicate to the British Government a list of the places where it is proposed to retain offices for the collection of duty on native opium. I shall be glad to know whether your Highness can supply me in advance with these lists for communication to His Majesty's Government.\n\nThe reference in your Highness' note to the negotiations with other Powers makes it desirable to point out that the British Treaty contains a provision that the ratifications of it are to be exchanged at Peking within a year from the date of signature. When that exchange has been made, both Governments will be bound by the provisions of the Treaty; the only way in which the negotiations of other Powers affect it is that the operation of Article VIII is suspended until they have entered into similar engagements. I have further the honour to suggest to your Highness that the points with regard to which the British commercial communities entertain misgivings, and on which they wish for fuller explanations, are likely also to engage the attention of the merchants of other countries and of the Treaty negotiators who represent them, and that any explanations it is in your Highness' power to give tending to allay those misgivings will in all probability favourably affect the course of China's negotiations with other Powers.\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n(Signed) WALTER TOWNLEY.\n\nINA TRADE.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[July 20.]\n\nSECTION 1,\n\n230\n\nMr. Townley to the Marquess of Lansdowne,—(Received July 20.)\n\nNo. 212.)\n\nPeking, June 1, 1903.\n\nLord,\n\nUPON the receipt of your Lordship's telegram No. 92 of the 25th ultimo, I called upon the Japanese Minister and informed him that His Majesty's Government had decided, since no better scheme had been put forward, to renew the proposal made last June to accept payment of the Chinese indemnity in silver up to 1910. I said that I was instructed to tell him that His Majesty's Government were now about to make this offer to the Chinese Government on their own account, since none of the Powers Signatory of the Final Protocol, except America, had agreed to it last summer, and that I was to inform the Chinese Government that the proposal was conditional upon the signature of the fractional bonds, and that it would be left to future decision whether the payment in silver should be considered as full satisfaction for the debt, or whether the Chinese Government should be called upon at a later date to make good the difference between the amount received and what was due to the British Government in gold.\n\nMr. Uchida, who promised to refer the matter to his Government, has since informed me that the Japanese Government still insist upon full payment in gold.\n\nI subsequently spoke to all the Representatives of the Powers Signatory of the Final Protocol, and explained to them the nature of the instructions that I had received from your Lordship. No one was in a position to give me an answer without referring the matter home, but I gathered that the majority were disposed to recommend to their Governments some measure of alleviation as soon as China had signed the fractional bonds. The Representatives of those countries which have raised loans off their claims at once are of opinion that it will be hard to adopt the scheme proposed to the Chinese Government by His Majesty's Government. Whilst all think that the increase of China's burden in consequence of the fall in the price of silver entitles her to some consideration, the opinion is almost unanimous that China can quite well pay the full amount in gold if she chooses to do so. This is very likely the case, but there is nevertheless no denying the fact that the increased payment does weigh very heavily upon some, at least, of the poorer provinces, and that the Central Government is much hampered in carrying out necessary measures by want of money.\n\nI have the honour to inclose copies of my letters to the doyen of the Diplomatic Body and to Prince Ching upon the subject.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) WALTER TOWNLEY.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nMr. Townley to Mr. Conger.\n\nPeking, May 26, 1903.\n\nDear Mr. Dean,\n\nON the 30th June last Sir Ernest Satow informed you that His Majesty's Government had come to the conclusion that the Powers ought to allow a relaxation of the terms imposed upon China in respect of the indemnity provided for in the Final Protocol, and that they considered that the most convenient form of doing this would be that the Powers should agree to accept during the years 1902 to 1910, inclusive, payment in silver, according to the actual figures of the Table of Amortization, crediting the Chinese Government with the corresponding amounts in gold, and writing off the balance due for those nine years altogether.\n\nThe above quoted proposal did not meet with the support of the other Powers at the time.\n\nThe British Government are now prepared, since the discussions of the foreign Representatives at Peking have not led to the suggestion of any other alternative,\n\n[2077 U -1]",
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    {
        "id": 411589,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "# CONFIDENTIAL.\n\n## (No. 211.) Sir,\n\n### St. Petersburgh, April 18, 1907.\n\nSir A. Nicolson to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received April 29.)\n\nWITH reference to your despatch No. 122 of the 22nd ultimo, I have the honour to transmit herewith summaries by Mr. Cooke of certain extracts from the Reports on Russian trade with Chinese Turkestan which were forwarded in your above-mentioned despatch.\n\nI beg leave to return the Reports in question.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) **A. NICOLSON**.\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nSummary of a Report of four printed pages, by M. Kolokoloff, Russian Consul at Kashgar, on Money Currency in the Kashgar Market.\n\n(Published in the \"Collection of Russian Consular Reports, 1906,” Issue 6.)\n\nMoney Currency in the Kashgar Market-Russian currency long since prevails as the only monetary interchange for commercial operations between the Kashgar market and the neighbouring Russian Provinces of Fergan and Semiretch. The rouble, however, varies considerably, one year falling from its normal rate of 10 tengas to 7½, and other years rising to nearly 13, the variations due to local causes. Russian money is in demand among Chinese and Hindus, the former buying up credit roubles for despatch to the Shanghae market. Gold is bought up by Hindoo money-changers resident in Kashgar, who despatch it to Cashmere and India. This is not the case with the silver rouble, as this coin in local opinion in quality, and consequently in value, is inferior to local silver coined from purer metal. The local branch of the Russo-Chinese Bank and the custom-house partly act as regulators of the value of the rouble in the Kashgar market, these institutions periodically dispatching Russian money back to Russia. Though Russian gold and silver currency is met with even in the remoter oases of Chinese Turkestan, it cannot be said that its diffusion is favoured by the population, even in Kashgar itself, where Russian currency most circulates, a considerable portion of the population, and especially the smaller traders, request settlement exclusively in local coin. The rouble is thus restricted in Chinese Turkestan to but a comparatively narrow trading circle. Russian paper currency for its convenience in dispatch and travelling is in greater favour.\n\n(The remainder of the Report deals with some new local silver coinage in 1905 in Kashgar, with issues in the same year of credit notes, and with the prevalence in 1905 in the bazaars of false Chinese silver coins, the very primitive and coarse make of the real coin rendering imitation easy, and the slackness of the authorities facilitating its circulation.)\n\n### Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nSummary of a Report of M. Lavroff, in charge of the Russian Consulate-General at Kashgar, on Russian Trade in Kashgaria (Chinese Turkestan).\n\n(From the text of forty-three printed pages published in the \"Collection of Russian Consular Reports, 1904,\" Issue 3.)\n\nChief Trade Points and Routes.-The chief points of departure for trade between Russian territory and Kashgaria are, on the Férgan Province side, the town of Osh, 375 versts (250 miles) to Kashgar, and, on the Semiretchensk territory side, the town... \n\nC.O. 16534\n[13648]\n9 MAY 07\n88 \n\nPage 1 \n`REJ8/6` \n`S. W. Chian`\n`3070/13` \nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\nSOUTH-WEST CHINA.",
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    {
        "id": 412507,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 267,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n\ninterest in the question and gave evidence of a lively desire to further the negotiations. His Excellency was, however, dominated by his fear of the literati of the three provinces, who, if the wishes of the more reasonable and representative among them were not taken into account, would cause the people under their influence to obstruct land purchase and construction work. The Government of China was at this moment not in a position to withstand this pressure. It was therefore necessary to steer a middle course between the foreign claims based on the Preliminary Agreement and the demands of the gentry. Only thus could anything beneficial accrue from the undertaking. His Excellency promised to bring all his influence to bear on the literati if Mr. Cordes would lend his assistance in that sense. Towards the end of the interview, during which Mr. Cordes confined himself to an explanation of the draft Agreements, the Viceroy noted down fifteen points which seemed to his Excellency to embody the essentials of a satisfactory solution. A copy of them was supplied to Mr. Cordes for communication to Mr. Liang. These fifteen points were not to be considered as unalterable demands on the part of the Viceroy, but merely contained the expression of his Excellency's view of what was required, according to his knowledge of the conditions as above expressed, to direct the negotiations into the proper channel.\n\nThe points were as follows:-\n\n| Point | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Loan not to exceed 5,000,000%. (China only took up 5,000,000l. for the Lu-Han line; the most economical arrangements possible in the circumstances must be made.) |\n| 2 | A single track to be laid first of all. (The Viceroy added verbally that it would be well to buy in advance the land for a double track.) |\n| 3 | The whole line to be completed in three years' time. |\n| 4 | The Yellow River bridge at Lao K'ou (Lokow) to be likewise completed within that period. (Verbally. An effort should at any rate be made--the time limit might be extended.) |\n| 5 | Loan to be at 94. Interest 5 per cent. per annum. |\n| 6 | Interest only payable for first ten years. Amortization to begin from eleventh year. If funds allow the loan can be paid off in full in the eleventh year, or the instalments can be increased. |\n| 7 | If the capital sum should be repaid in the eleventh year, no premium of 2 per cent. to be paid. |\n| 8 | The line shall not be pledged as security for the loan, but certain revenues of the three provinces will be pledged. Yüan Shih-kai will decide which. |\n| 9 | A German engineer will be engaged for the northern section, and a British engineer for the southern. Both will be independently selected and appointed by the high Chinese authorities intrusted with the management of the line. These engineers will be under the control and orders of the Chinese Directors. |\n| 10 | The British and German engineers have only to concern themselves with the work of construction and may not interfere in other matters. |\n| 11 | It has hitherto been stipulated that the Syndicate (and) the engineers shall receive 20 per cent. of the working profits. This must be renounced in order to prevent delay in amortization. Mr. Liang will discuss means to concede an extra bonus in commutation. |\n| 12 | The arrangements regarding the amount of commission accruing to the banks on purchase of material, or in the event of a different solution of this question (by commutation) shall be made by Mr. Liang. (The Viceroy explained that a sum as commutation might be computed on the lines of the 35,000l. allowed by the Canton-Kowloon Agreement.) |\n| 13 | Work must be simultaneously begun on the northern section from Tien-tsin and on the southern section from Pukow, as well as on the central section north and south from Chinan. (This means no delay.) |\n| 14 | Germany shall construct no competing line in Shantung. |\n| 15 | If, when the construction nears completion, the amount of the loan does not suffice, the Deutsch-Asiatische Bank and Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation can negotiate a supplementary loan.\n\nJuly 2, 1907.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nPage 3\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\nNotes on Mr. Cordes' Interview with Mr. Liang, July 12, 1907.\n\nCHANG CHIH-TUNG'S fifteen points were discussed with Liang. Mr. Cordes declared that the finding of a good security was the most important point, and urged Liang to ask the Viceroy Yüan, in whose hands the decision lay, at Chang Chih-tung's own suggestion, what provincial revenues he had in mind, and whether the salt revenues of the three provinces could be earmarked; or, failing that, the li-kin of Chihli, Shangtung, and Kiangsu. This did not commend itself to Liang. He was doubtful how the Viceroy would take such a question, even if asked verbally. Liang personally would prefer the Maritime Customs revenue to be pledged. He did not care to deal with the provincial Governments, which were entirely in the hands of the unreasonable gentry. He had that day received a most unreasonable telegram from the Shantung Governor regarding the Shantung portion of the security for the railway loan. The obligations arising from the Preliminary Agreement were Chinese Imperial ones, and the provinces should have no more to do with the unravelling of the affair than was absolutely necessary. Liang then wrote to Sir Robert Bredon asking the amounts of customs receipts in recent years and the total sum hypothecated for foreign loans. Later, Sir Robert Bredon called on Mr. Cordes in the bank and stated that he estimated about 15,000,000 taels were not hypothecated to the service of foreign loans. But according to the Protocol of 1901 the indemnity of 450,000,000 taels was secured on the customs.\n\n[Protocol to that effect quoted.]\n\nPeking, July 12, 1907.\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n(Signed)\n\nH. CORDES.\n\n## Draft Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Final Agreement: Chinese Offer\n\n**ARTICLE 1**. The Imperial Government of China authorizes the Syndicate banks to issue a 5 per Cent. Gold Loan for an amount of 5,000,000l. and called \"the Imperial Chinese 5 per Cent. Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway Loan.\"\n\n**Art. 2**. The loan is designed to provide the capital for the construction of a Government Railway line from a point connecting the Imperial Railways of North China at or near Tien-tsin through Techon and Tsinanfu to Theien, near the southern frontier of Shantung, hereinafter known as the northern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line, and from Ihsien to Pukou (opposite Nanking, on the Yang-tsze-kiang), hereinafter known as the southern section of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze Railway line, the total length of these two sections being about 1,085 kilom., equal to about 2,170 Chinese *li* (Roughly 700 miles). The survey line shall be open to revision by the Director-General.\n\n**Art. 3**. The capital so provided will be solely devoted to the construction of the above railway line, and will include the funds required for the purchase of land, rolling-stock, and other equipment and for working the line, together with interest on the loan during the period of construction, which should not exceed three years from the actual beginning of the works, the commencement of the works not to be delayed beyond six months after this Agreement has been signed, within which period the sum of 500,000l. shall be placed at the disposal of the Director-General, in China or Europe as he may direct, as a first instalment on account of the proceeds of the loan. This amount of 500,000l., together with interest thereon not exceeding a charge of 6 per cent. per annum, shall be deducted from the proceeds of the first sale of the bonds.\n\n**Art. 4**. The rate of interest for the loan shall be 5 per cent. per annum on the nominal principal, and shall be paid for account of the Imperial Chinese Government during the time of the construction out of the proceeds of the loan and afterwards out of...",
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    {
        "id": 415756,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 451,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "2\n\narrived at Shanhaikuan, where the Great Wall of China, leaving the mountains crosses the plain to the sea and divides China from Manchuria, I was informed by an officer detached from the Customs at Tien-tsin, that it was his intention to search my baggage for arms. Explanations followed, and the search was dispensed with, but when one considers that the offscourings of Europe followed the armies during the war, and that many of them still remain in Manchuria, it is evident that some such precautionary measure is necessary. A Customs officer engaged in this special work has been stationed at Shanhaikuan for about six months.\n\nImperial Railways of North China and Taxation of Traffic,\n\nSince the purchase by China from Japan of the railway, 3670 miles in length, built by the latter between Hsin Min Fu and Mukden during the war and military occupation of Southern Manchuria, the section from Shanhaikuan to Mukden has become the main line of the Imperial Railways of North China in Manchuria, and the line from Shanhaikuan to Ying-kou, or the port of Newchwang, is now a branch line leaving the main line at Kou-pang-tzu junction. As complaints have been made that foreign goods imported into Newchwang and afterwards forwarded by this railway to Mukden are taxed at Kou-pang-tzu, I interviewed the Traffic Manager on the subject. He informed me that there is a tax office of the Hu Pu, or Board of Revenue, in the neighbourhood of the station, and that foreign goods unaccompanied by exemption certificates are taxed. He further stated that Chinese merchants had frequently complained to him that they were unable to obtain exemption certificates from the Imperial Maritime Customs at Newchwang; but the Commissioner of Customs there, with whom I discussed the matter, assured me that applications for exemption certificates made in due form and showing that import duty had been paid had never been refused. As, however, exemption certificates are granted only for goods liable to duty, and on which duty has been paid, duty-free goods, such as foreign flour, are not protected, and it seems to me that the Customs at the port of entry should, if called upon, issue certificates that would exempt duty-free goods from taxation between the port and the open marts in the interior. The Imperial Railways of North China have for some years proved a veritable gold mine to the Government: in the year ending the 30th September, 1905, the gross earnings amounted to 12,943,383 dollars, and in 1906 to 12,191,188 dollars; but during the present year there has been a considerable falling off in traffic due to trade depression—which, however, is not confined to Manchuria—and the earnings for the year ended the 30th ultimo will probably amount to about 10,000,000 dollars. There is another method of taxing trade on the railway which is still less legitimate. The Chinese station-masters are known to derive considerable incomes for granting, or pretending to grant, special facilities to the consignors or owners of goods, and I have been assured by a foreign official connected with the railway that some men have drawn as much as 2,000l. a-year from this source; but every effort is being made to suppress the irregularity, and suspects are being removed.\n\nNewchwang.\n\nA steam ferry-boat belonging to the railway now plies between the railway wharf on the right bank of the Liao and the town of Newchwang, and passengers are landed free of charge at a wharf just below the custom-house.\n\nMany changes have taken place at Newchwang since I visited it in the spring of 1906. It was then under the military administration of Japan; there were some 4,000 Japanese civilians in the town; a good road had been built from the town east and north-east to the railway station at Niu-chia-tun, 3 miles distant; and a Japanese Settlement was being marked out between the town and the station. The administration of the town was restored to China on the 6th December, 1906; Japanese civilians now number about 2,000, and are housed for the most part in their own Settlement of red-brick buildings, the most imposing of which are a hospital and municipal offices, the latter not yet completed; and a line of rails has been laid from the goods station to, but not through, the Settlement. This branch line was laid for carrying bricks and building materials, and is not used for ordinary traffic. The Settlement did not impress me as being at all prosperous: the houses on the main street leading to the railway station were mostly occupied by small shopkeepers, and in other streets I noticed that many houses were tenantless. The Settlement was at first policed by Japanese, but these were subsequently replaced by Chinese from the Kuantung leased territory. The Japanese possess little land on the river bank, most of the river frontage having been bought up by speculative foreigners in the hope that the Russians would bring the railway to the town. In this they were disappointed; but a proposal is now on foot to bring the line nearer the town with its terminus on a piece of frontage purchased by the Mitsui Bussan Kaisha—the largest Trading Company in Japan—from the Russian Government who acquired it for docking the gun-vessel \"Bobr\" previous to the war. This piece of land was seized by Japan, but afterwards restored to Russia. Negotiations have been opened by the South Manchurian Railway Company with the foreign proprietors of the land through which the line must pass, but the terms offered are such as to lead one to think that the Railway Company is not serious in its project.\n\n3\n\nFor many years the Liao River has been eating away its left bank in the bend which it takes before reaching the town of Newchwang, especially from the railway station down to the remaining four lots of the old British Concession. The Japanese have attempted to stop the encroachment by piling (20 feet into the mud) and boarding the river face; but much of the new bunding near the railway station has slipped bodily into the river, and it is feared that, owing to the absence of hard bottom, the remainder will follow. But there is an even graver danger threatening the port from the river higher up. Some years ago, when I was stationed at Newchwang, I had occasion to measure the neck of land which separates the tortuous course of the river opposite the western half of the native city, in view of acquiring a British Concession on the right bank to the east of the Chinese railway station, and I found the breadth to be about 600 yards. I am told that the breadth at the present time is only 400 yards, and as the main current of the river now runs between Duck Island and the right bank, and mud flats are exposed at low water between Duck Island and the left bank, it seems only a question of time when the river will pierce through the neck, find a much shorter channel to the sea, and leave the whole of the foreign quarter of Newchwang high and dry. The danger has become so imminent that Mr. de Rijke, the Engineer-in-chief of the Wangpoo Conservancy, has recently visited Newchwang for the purpose of studying the question and giving his opinion as to what steps should be taken to conserve the waterway.\n\nThe Liao was exceptionally low during the present year, and the bean-boats did not come down freely until July. The state of the river is greatly exercising the minds of the Chinese merchants and dealers, and there have been frequent meetings of the Chinese Chamber of Commerce to discuss the whole situation with a view to finding a remedy. It appears that some years ago a channel or trench was dug from the right bank of the Liao to the Shuang-tai-tzu River further west, the object being to drain off the surplus water of the main river and prevent flooding, to which its valley was frequently exposed, and it has been proposed to block this channel to a certain height. This may be a slight remedy, but as I afterwards found the Liao exceedingly shallow between Mukden and Hsin Min Fu, and as a severe drought visited Central and Northern Manchuria in spring and summer, the lowness of the river was probably due to absence of rain.\n\nNewchwang's main industry has always been the extraction of oil from beans and the manufacture of bean-cakes as a resulting product. In addition to numerous native mills of the old pattern there are now six mills with foreign machinery engaged in this industry, the two latest additions being a large Chinese mill within the Chinese railway reserve, and a Japanese mill between the town and the Japanese railway station. The latter is worked by hydraulic pressure instead of hand-presses, and has not proved a success. It has been found difficult to regulate the pressure, and the cakes turned out are too dry and liable to crumble. The ordinary hand-presses turn out cakes which can be handled without falling to pieces. Beans were scarce and dear, and only four of the mills were working at the time of my visit, and that intermittently.\n\nA scheme for supplying Newchwang with water is now being carried out by a Japanese concern called the Electric Light, Telephone, and Waterworks Company of Yingkow. Reservoirs are being constructed on the left bank of the river opposite the town of Tien-chuang-tai, 13 miles up-river. It is expected that the town will be supplied with electric light early next year. The power house is in the vicinity of the Japanese railway station at Niu-chia-t'un.\n\nThe feeling of the mercantile community of Newchwang is that that port will hold its own with Tairen, and that in any case there will be ample room for both places. This is evidenced by the fact that many foreign houses have recently been built, and that others in course of construction are leased even before they are\n\n448",
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        "id": 421368,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 157,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# \n## \n\n155 \n\n2 \n\nInternal evidence this would seem to be the case; but I understand from Mr. Harmon, of the Baptist Mission, that it is supposed by the Chinese to have been produced in Chefoo. I was unable to obtain a second copy of the leaflet, as every endeavour was being made to keep it not only from foreigners, but even from Chinese belonging to other provinces.\n\nThe leaflet is only one symptom among many of a very strong anti-German, rather than a general anti-foreign, agitation that is being fomented in Shantung, and that threatens, sooner or later, to develop into an organized boycott directed against the Germans throughout the province. The reasons for this agitation are twofold:\n\n1. The very heavy, not to say oppressive, taxes that are being levied by the German authorities everywhere in the leased territory, and which bear especially hardly upon the Chinese; and\n2. The Mining Concessions held by the Germans in Shantung and the German control of the Kiao-chau-Chinan Railway, not to mention the occupation of Tsingtau, ever a thorn in the flesh to the Chinese.\n\nIn my despatch No. 16 of the 8th October, in which I forwarded copy of the new Tsingtau Godown and Wharf Ordinance, I drew attention to several of these taxes, and expressed a doubt whether the Chinese would in the long run submit patiently to them. The event seems likely to justify my doubts; and these taxes being, as stated above, one of the chief causes of the present feeling against the Germans, it may be of interest to recapitulate some of them, and to discuss the developments that have taken place since I last wrote on the subject.\n\nFirst comes the Godown and Wharf Ordinance. As already reported by me, the Chinese merchants at Tsingtau did not rest until the Hamburg-Amerika Steam-ship Company had not only promised to pay all wharfage dues on behalf of their clients and acknowledged liability for any damage to or loss of goods discharged from or shipped by their steamers, but had further undertaken to render active assistance to the Chinese in their agitation against the Ordinance: only on these conditions was the boycott against the Company raised. Subsequently, however, the Chinese alleged that the latter was not carrying out its undertaking to assist them actively against the Government, and the boycott was renewed as stringently as before. Once again the Hamburg-Amerika line could not get a single package of cargo, either in Shanghae or in Tsingtau; and the effects of the boycott were even felt as far south as Hong Kong. The Company was reduced to holding out the inducement of half rates, but even on those terms could obtain no cargo; and, according to my latest information from Tsingtau, the boycott is still in full swing. This will give some idea of the very strong feeling against the Ordinance. The English Companies serving Tsingtau are reaping a rich harvest, and the Chinese are themselves chartering steamers in addition. The Hamburg-Amerika line has complained to the German authorities; but the latter declare that, after full investigation, they cannot trace any signs of a boycott, and they decline to take any action on behalf of the Company, an attitude probably due to a realization of their own helplessness in the matter.\n\nAs regards other taxes, the tax on Chinese huts mentioned in my previous despatch is in operation, and the Chinese complain that the taxes on each individual house or hut amount to no less than 75 per cent. of the rent. The tax on water has also been introduced at the rate of 10 cash for two kerosene tins full (this singular unit was adopted in order to secure absolute uniformity with the minimum of trouble). Those houses that have water laid on pay the tax monthly according to the meter, while in the streets an official stands at each main to take the money and to dole out the water to the coolies and others who come to fetch it. Fees have also been instituted for the use of what are called articles of public utility, among which may be mentioned the public scales set up at all the market-towns in the German territory. On market-days all articles sold by weight are to be weighed in the public scales, for the use of which a small fee is charged. Dues are also levied on sales of cattle and various other goods, while the fees on pedlars' licences were recently raised. In this case, however, there was a general strike of pedlars, and the opposition was so determined that the German authorities were compelled to give way and agree to levy the licence fees at the old rates. In some other cases also the Chinese have protested by closing the shops and by not attending the market; but these manifestations were only sporadic, and soon collapsed for lack of united action. The discontent evoked by these various taxes, which are so oppressive in their incidence, will readily be realized.\n\nAs to the second cause of the agitation, the occupation of Tsingtau and the control of the Kiao-chau-Chinan Railway may be left aside, and attention confined to the German Mining Concessions in Shantung. For the sake of completeness it may be as well to enumerate once again the Concessions actually held at the present moment:\n\n| Concession | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Exclusive mining rights for 15 kilom. on either side of the Kiao-chau-Chinan Railway, including the branch line to Poshan. These were transferred by the German Government to the \"Schantung Bergbau Gesellschaft,\" a Syndicate with a capital of 12,000,000 marks, and comprise the richest coal-fields in the province, near Weihsien and Poshan, as well as Tieh-shan, near Chinling-chen, where a very good quality of magnetic iron ore has been discovered, containing on an average 58 per cent. of iron. |\n| 2 | Mining Concessions in the so-called five zones, held by the \"Deutsche Gesellschaft für Bergbau und Industrie im Ausland,\" which include gold, coal, mica, and diamond mines. The Company, which is bound under the terms of the Agreement to commence work before the end of 1909, failing which the Concessions will be forfeited, has already started prospecting. I understand that it may possibly confine itself to working the gold mines in the Maoshan, near Chefoo, in the Ning-hai Department, and give up the other Concessions, the value of which is doubtful. |\n| 3 | Finally, there is the Chung-hsing Coal-mining Company at T-hsien, which is officially called a \"Deutsche-Chinesische Gesellschaft,\" but in which, so I gather, out of a capital of 2,000,000 dollars, the Germans are only interested to the extent of about 43,000 dollars. Besides, it has already been decreed that the Germans are to be bought out as soon as possible, and that the word \"German\" is to be eliminated from the name of the Company. On the other hand, rolling-stock for a short line of railway, 47 kilom. in length, for the carriage of the coal between the mines and Han-chuang, on the Grand Canal, has been purchased in Germany by means of a loan of 800,000 marks, bearing interest at the rate of 6 per cent. per annum, and this doubtless gives the Germans a certain lien on the mines until the loan has been paid off. |\n\nThere is, of course, also the Agreement for the German section of the Tien-tsin-P'uk'ou Railway, but owing to the very different nature of the arrangements under which this line is being built, it is not the object of the same hostility on the part of those responsible for the agitation. It may, however, not be out of place to mention at this juncture that the Chinese have been careful to make no arrangements, for the present at all events, for any connection between the Kiao-chau-Chinan and the Tien-tsin-P'uk'ou Railways. A separate station is to be built at Chinan for the latter, the idea being, as I imagine, to preclude any possibility of the Germans asserting that the line is the continuation to the border of Shantung of the railway from Kiao-chau, thereby enabling them to claim mining rights in the 15-kilom. strip on either side of the line, as provided for in the Kiao-chau Agreement. And here I may add that I cannot find that, as reported by my predecessor in his Intelligence Report dated the 7th August, 1908, mining rights in the 10-mile strip on each side of the portion of the Tien-tsin-P'uk'ou Railway from Chinan southward to the border of Shantung have been granted to Germany.\n\nTo revert to the Mining Concessions, their retrocession is demanded from Germany, and, as stated above, a general boycott of German goods and industries is threatened in the event of non-compliance. The agitation appears to have made itself definitely felt some time last May, about the time when the present Governor of Shantung took over the seals of office. He was evidently considered by the local Young China Reform party as an official thoroughly hostile to all foreigners, and his arrival was hailed by them as the dawn of a new era. The so-called Society for the Protection of the Mines, which comprised the leading spirits in the movement, entered upon a career of active anti-German agitation by the distribution of leaflets, the exhortations of itinerant speakers, and other means, while the Chinese teachers in the high schools published the Kiao-chau Agreement in English and Chinese, with a view to raising feeling against the Germans.\n\nOne of the immediate results of the agitation was the usual crop of extravagant rumours, which would deserve no notice were it not that they as ever found ready credence among the people. The Germans were supposed to have occupied Chefoo with their soldiers, while the movements of the Chinese troops in connection with the local manoeuvres in Shantung were said to be an advance on Chefoo in force in order to drive the Germans out. It was reported later on that the Germans were bringing out reinforcements to Tsingtau with a view to the capture of Chinan. On the whole, these rumours...\n\n3 \n\n[2049 ee--5] \n\nB 2",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# 177 \n## 124 \n\nOctober 20.-This place was built by a general as a picket 30 years ago and then abandoned. The present keeper does not pay taxes. He says that water is brought from a distance of 10 miles in troughs but I did not verify this.\n\nThe day was vile, snow falling heavily all the morning. We ascended steadily all day and travelling was terrible. We halted after 20 miles at Santai (3rd tai) on the shores of Sairam Noor, a wonderfully picturesque lake in its present cold setting of snow-clad mountains. The natives say it takes two days to go round the lake.\n\nWe had now reached a height of 5,900 feet above sea level, the ground was deep with snow and the cold intense. Some fir forests on the mountain slopes provide plenty of firewood.\n\nOctober 21.-Snow fell steadily all day, and being driven by a southerly wind penetrated to every corner of the carts. Keeping along the lake for some little distance, we parted company for a short time to descend to it again at mile 10, at the picket of Kosekou at the foot of the short steep pass of Talki. Here we had to halt for an hour, to allow some carts in the narrow gorge leading up to the Talki pass from the south to emerge. The distance from the picket to the top of the pass cannot be more than a quarter of a mile, but we took 1 1/4 hours to climb it. The track, which is really steep, zigzags up the hill, and even at ordinary times must be a hard pull for the Chinese carts; with heavy snow on the ground the ascent is slippery and still more difficult. To add to our troubles we fell into a snow-drift some 3 feet deep, and all the flounderings of the mules availed nothing. They had to be unharnessed and the cart dug out; there were two other carts going over and three coming down; as we were all in the same plight, we formed a mutual aid society. Immediately on reaching the top of the pass we descended into the Talki gorge, so famous for its beauty. Descending steadily the whole time the road winds down the coils of the dragon-like gorge, which is scarcely more than 30 yards wide. The steep sides are covered with firs. The mountains retain their height as the traveller descends, and they become more gigantic and splendid at each turn of the road. The roadway, which is artificial, judging by the stones and staves which mark its course, is excellent, except that in winter the snow entirely conceals the edge. Even in summer the traveller is in danger of being hurled into the rock-strewn stream below, but in winter the danger is vastly greater. Strong wooden bridges, in an excellent state of repair, cross the stream at times, their position being indicated by posts. The snow was, however, very difficult, and drifts several feet deep threatened to stop us.\n\nWe struggled through to Errhtai (second tai), some 32 miles down the gorge. The inn and the few other buildings were almost concealed by the snow drifts, and the yard so blocked up that entry was almost impossible. The inn was one of the most wretched I had ever seen.\n\nOctober 22.-The day was superb; what little of the sky that could be seen from the gorge was a deep blue, and the whole ravine sparkled in the sunlight. The cold had been so great during the night that our breath froze on the outer rug of the bed. The mules looked miserable for their sheds were open buildings. We continued our mutual aid society and left—a long line of ten carts—for some of the carts of the Hassacks had to be used to relieve the heavily-laden carts of the bigger loads. The day was, however, wasted as regards travelling, for we had only ploughed our way through deep snow (checked every 20 yards or so by a 5-foot deep drift, which had to be spaded away) for half a mile, when we were stopped by a drift which even, after three-quarters of an hour's work, was too big to allow us to pass. Although it was nearly as difficult to turn, for on either side of the track were deep dangerous drifts into which the mules floundered, we had to risk being hurled down the precipice, and returned to the inn for the rest of the day. The picket of fifteen men were sent forward to open the road; these were joined by the carters. There are said to be fifty soldiers looking after the road, and, as this is their only duty, I had no compunction in sending them out. We must pass to-morrow for we have run short of provisions.\n\nA long line of camels passed up from the south in the evening, and it was reported that the big snow only lay for another 2 miles. In the late afternoon two workers reported that the road was passable.\n\nOctober 23.--We could not leave till late, for the reason that the Hassacks had sat up all night gambling and slept late. When they had to pay their bill, one of them had no money, having lost it all to his colleagues. They were all quarrelsome, and complaining of the food, the prices, and the fodder. There was thus all the makings of a row, and we had to let the brutes move about at their own pace, for fear of their knives.\n\nThese Hassacks come here in the winter and summer to make money by their carts in the heavy snow and rains when the ordinary heavy travelling carts have to pass light, and, indeed, unload altogether. The big Hassack carts are more easy for the road. They charge 33 taels a-piece, and only carry two boxes each. They could really charge what they liked, for one has got to get through somehow. Every one pays a little to the pioneer cart to go first; if he decides to go back they must all go, and if to go forward they must all follow suit.\n\nWhen we did start we got along all right as far as where we were stuck yesterday. Their idea was just but the soldiers' idea of an open road entirely differed from ours, to clear a narrow track for foot-passengers; this was quite useless for carts, so we stuck again, and after many efforts to get through the Hassacks voted for return to camp. We got the best of them, but more by threats of personal violence than by any other kind of persuasion. It was simply a question of the first cart getting through, and the rest could follow. We therefore concentrated our attentions and energies on the first cart (and carter!). The soldiers were said to be working on ahead (their only implements were wooden spades, and they were resting a good deal, being weedy opium sots), but we gradually forced our way through to them. They were working on the last bad bit, an upward incline of some 40 yards, and had to cut through drifts 8 feet high. Even when the path was cut it was terrible work for the mules, for they were practically pulling the whole time belly deep in the snow. It took seven horses to pull the first cart through, but, once done, all was over, for the snow beyond never lay more than 2 feet deep, in addition to which we met hundreds of camels coming up, and these are capital animals for treading down a track.\n\nPassing a couple of habitations down the gorge we reached Totai at mile 8. From Totai there are only soldiers here and no inn, so we had to continue the march. Later we got a view of the plain to the south and over across this to the mountains beyond.\n\nDescending very abruptly after leaving Totai we were out on the plain 12 miles later. We had spent so many hours battling with the snows that night had already fallen as we emerged from the Talki gorges. Keeping over the plain 9 miles we reached Lusakou, one of the hsien cities which form the Government district of Ilifu. Of two inns here one was full; we could obtain no supplies at the other, and the shops were all closed and refused to sell us anything; we therefore had to go to bed supperless.\n\nOctober 24.-We only got through the mountains in time, for heavy snow fell on them all day. We got rid of our Hassack carts here, and resumed our heavy baggage. Two of our ponies died in the night from exposure in the mountains; they had been ailing all yesterday.\n\nThe chief officer of the town and also the colonel sent cards early in the morning with the usual inquiries. Two soldiers of different types called. The one was the representative of the old school. He told me there were 100 soldiers here, 50 cavalry and 50 infantry, but I doubt there being more than the old type, and they only do escort and such work. Besides which 100 on the register by no means indicates the real strength. The other man was more interesting, for he was of the Luchün. He was a sergeant, and told me that seven men were stationed here; 700 had come last year from Hupei, trained by the Hupei military school. Of these 700, 240 had been sent to Ili, the rest being retained at Urumtsi. His pay was 25 taels a-month, that of a soldier 5 t. 20 c. He was dressed in a neat tight-fitting black uniform, and carried a sword. His high boots were of leather, and his cap of foreign type, black, with plenty of gold braid. He was excellently disciplined, very respectful, and stood at attention the whole time we were talking.\n\nKeeping towards the south-east over rough uninteresting ground we reached at mile 9 the line of trees which marks Suidun and entered the town at mile 14 4. The busy trading quarter of Suidun lies to the south of the small walled portion of the town. The inns do a tremendous business, but accommodation is wretched. It is entered by wooden gates and protected by a low mud wall.\n\nIn this town reside the Chentai (General) and the Chibfu. I called on the latter on the 24th October. He is an amiable old gentleman of 66 years, thirty-four of which he has served in Sinkiang. He speaks no foreign language. He confirmed what I had already heard that the Russians keep a guard of a sergeant and ten men at Suidun, in the interests of trade. He seemed to think it quite natural. I subsequently called on the Chentai's secretary, the Chentai being, as I knew, still absent on his Chuguchak trip. The secretary, a military official, is a man of 58, friendly and amiable, but does not speak any foreign language. He has visited Russia frequently, and has a great number of Russian officer friends—he showed me dozens of photographs. His son, a man of 27, takes photographs like a professional, and even enlarges them himself.\n\n## 125 \n\n(2155 6-1) \n2 K",
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        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "10\n\nthe schools. The ceremony lasted till the afternoon. Admittance was by tickets, of which only 200 or 300 were issued.\n\nSHANSI.\n\nOpening; English Missionaries take part in Ceremony. The provincial assembly was opened at Tai-yuan-fu on the 14th October, with considerable ceremony, in a special building, the erection of which was still uncompleted. The foreigners, mostly English missionaries and professors resident in Tai-yuan-fu, were invited to be present, and were formally introduced to the eighty-six members, who are favourably commented upon as men of education and standing. The president, Liang Shanchi, a Han-lin graduate, has a high reputation in Shansi, and his tendencies may be judged from the fact that he has sent his son to study engineering in the Birmingham University.\n\nSpeeches of Governor and Treasurer.-After the assembly was declared open by the governor in a formal address which was read for him, the provincial treasurer (who is now the governor as a result of the moves caused by Tuan-fang's downfall) made a carefully prepared speech, the object of which appeared to be to impress upon the members the limited nature of their powers. Congratulatory speeches were then made by Dr. Edwards, an English missionary, and a Japanese professor, and these were followed by a tactful address from the president inviting attention to the importance of the occasion in the political history of Shansi and China, thanking the Throne for the gift of popular representation, and specially recognising the debt A dinner of due to England \"the friend of China and the mother of Parliaments.\" forty covers closed the proceedings.\n\nDebates; Opium Question; Conflict of Opinion between Provincial and Central Governments.-The debates of the Shansi assembly are said to be conducted well and intelligently. One attended by some foreigners towards the end of October was on the opium question, in regard to which a difference of opinion had arisen between the province and the central Government. The thorough enforcement of the opium prohibition in Shansi by the provincial Government had caused a serious falling off in the revenue derived from opium, and the local bureau affected brought influence to bear upon the Board of Finance in Peking to overrule the provincial legislation against the importation of opium from other provinces. This, it seems, the Board of Finance attempted to do, and the province naturally hold that if they are forbidden to cultivate, it is unreasonable to ask them to keep an open market for opium from other provinces. The assembly and the provincial Government are at one in opposing the action of the Board of Finance.\n\nSHENSI\n\nPreliminary Steps; First and Second Elections, and Opening Ceremony.-A memorial from the governor appeared in the \"Official Gazette\" of the 5th November, reporting on the opening of the Shensi provincial assembly in Hsi-an-fu. According to this an organisation office was opened in November 1908 under the direction of the provincial treasurer, lists of electors were drawn up by May 1909, the first election of delegates took place in July, and the second election of the members, sixty-three for the province and three for the Manchu garrison of Hsi-an, was completed in August. In September the members collected in Hsi-an, and the assembly was duly opened on the 14th October. The president is a graduate who was formerly a district magistrate in Chihli, and the two vice-presidents are also graduates.\n\nGovernor's Speech.-The governor reports that he opened the proceedings in person, supported by the Tartar general of Hsi-an, and the provincial officials, and read the Imperial decree of the 13th October, which had just arrived by telegraph. He concludes by stating that he impressed upon the members the necessity of strictly confining themselves within the limits of the powers confided to them under the rules.\n\nKANSU.\n\nPreliminaries; Viceroy advocated Delay in opening Assembly; Removal of Viceroy.- According to a memorial of Sheng-yün, Viceroy of Shensi and Kansu, which was published in the \"Official Gazette\" of the 16th April, 1909, the preliminaries were modelled on what was being done in Nanking and Wuch'ang. He explained that the establishment of the organisation office was delayed by the necessity of sending officers to the Yang-tsze to make enquiries, and it was not till the 13th December, 1908, that this office was formed and the preparations for the elections commenced.\n\n11\n\nIn the course of the preparations Sheng-yün appears to have come to the conclusion that the convocation of an assembly in Kansu in 1909 would be premature, and he applied for permission to come to Peking to give his reasons to the central Government. This permission being refused, he asked to be relieved of his post, and in a decree of the 23rd June he was censured and removed from office for dereliction of duty in regard to the preparations for popular representation.\n\nNo Information of Opening of Assembly yet received.-No information of the opening of an assembly at Lanchou has yet reached us.\n\nKIANGSU.\n\nThe following is taken from a report by Mr. Goffe, His Majesty's consul at Nanking\n\nOpening Ceremony at Nanking-The assembly was duly opened on the 14th October at 9 o'clock in the morning, when 112 deputies were present. The great majority of them belonged to the seventh, eighth, and ninth ranks (gold buttons), a few to the fifth and sixth, and a very small number to the third or fourth; two or three wore no buttons, indicating that they had no official rank. The deputies were each provided with a number, and were seated at desks facing the presidential chair.\n\n\"The proceedings opened punctually at the appointed hour, and after being called to order, the deputies filed out of the hall, as their numbers were called out, to be presented to the Viceroy. After a short interval they returned, and the Viceroy and the governor of Soochow, accompanied by most of the high provincial officials, took their seats on the dais, to the left and right of the president respectively. The president rang his bell, and three speeches, suitable to the occasion, drafted respectively by the Viceroy, the governor and the president, were read by the secretaries. The assembly then adjourned till the 18th October, when the regular session began.\n\nForeign Consuls Invited.-\"The foreign consuls were invited to be present at the ceremony, and were afterwards presented to the president; they are also allowed to attend the sittings and listen to the debates.\n\nProceedings; Debates.\" The proceedings, which were conducted in an orderly and impressive manner, were held in the Manchu guildhall, which will be utilised for the meetings of the deputies until the assembly house, which is now in course of erection, is ready for use. It is hoped to eventually make mandarin the language of the assembly; but, for the present, the deputies are allowed to speak in any dialect they please. Any deputy, however, who wishes to bring any proposal before the assembly must first deposit with the officials, in writing, a résumé of its leading features; this document will then be printed and circulated amongst the deputies before the subject comes up for discussion.\n\nDebates Reported in the Press. The assembly meets every day at 1 P.M., and the sitting is continued until 5 or 6 o'clock; the press is allowed to report the proceedings, and a summary of the debates is appearing in a Nanking daily newspaper which has been published since the 20th of October.\n\nThe following subjects have been submitted by the Viceroy and governor respectively for the deliberation of the assembly:-\n\nBy the Viceroy---\n\nProgramme of Government Business Control and limitation of the coinage of copper 10-cash pieces and the extended use of silver coins to replace them.\n\n\"Census: The most effective method of taking it.\n\nDredging of the Huai River and the repair of its banks.\n\n\"Extension of the Nanking City Railway to Wuhu: In this connection the Viceroy states that the City railway has proved a most profitable undertaking, and that there are good prospects of an extension to Wuhu, a distance of some 200 li, which would pass through T'ai Ping-fu and many busy marts, proving equally remunerative. He regrets that the authorities have no funds at their disposal to undertake this work, and he recommends it to the earnest consideration of the merchants and gentry. The Viceroy states that the foreign manager of the Shanghae-Nanking Railway has claimed the right to build this line, as the railway agreement gives the company the option of constructing all railways within 100 li of the Shanghae line. But he dismisses this claim as inadmissible on the ground that the line in question is 200 li in length, and does not come within the sphere of the company's agreement.\n\n148\n\nPage 150\nPage 151",
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        "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Public Works Extraordinary\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $1,800 in aid of the following votes:-\n\n| Vote | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Public Works, Extraordinary. Hongkong | 65 |\n| Miscellaneous, Survey of Colony Kowloon | 1,400 |\n| Miscellaneous, Works New Territories | 品 |\n| Miscellaneous, Fencing Round Police Stations |  |\n| Total | $1,890 |\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is in connection with the resumption of land on the golf course at Fanling. A considerable sum was expended on the land required for what is known as the relief course, and when all that had been acquired it was found it would be very convenient to have one title for the whole of the land in the occupation of the Golf Club. That meant that in order to put the Government in the same position towards the Golf Club with regard to the whole of their land, the Golf Club would have to hand over to the Government all land they were originally in possession of for the main courses, and have one lease for the whole lot. As the Club had already expended $9,182 on the land they already held, it was necessary for the Government to pay that back to the Club and put the old land on the same footing as the new. This means that the Government will draw 4 per cent. on the total amount expended. A small sum has also been spent for acquiring land, $3,434, and has been added to the $9,182, and this, with other small items, makes the total of $9,617.07. The Secretary of State has given his approval for the payment of this money, and the result will now be that one title will be prepared for the whole of the land occupied by the Club, and the Government will get 4 per cent. on the money which has been expended.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - These three items are special sums required for the Public Works Department. They are small sums, with one exception. The only large sum is $2,045 for the maintenance of waterworks in Kowloon. This is owing to more water being used, and more having to be filtered.\n\nTHE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS - It is for sand-washing, and the cleaning of the filtering medium.\n\nThis was approved.\n\n## Kowloon-Canton Railway (British Section)\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - If an explanation is required by any member regarding any of these items - for instance, transport and travelling $500, which is more than was expected - it will be given. These are works which have been authorised, but no provision was made in the estimates. Is the Director of Public Works in a position to say anything in regard to this?\n\nTHE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS - A certain vote is provided annually for miscellaneous works, and is allocated for this account of the Kowloon-Canton Railway. On the 10th April, 1913, the amount for which the money is allocated, more work becomes necessary. Consequently, this additional work is authorised, but involving capital expenditure, have been the supplementary vote is not taken until definite proposals are put forward. The Kowloon Railway Station is an example. The total amount required is exactly $250,000. Up to the end of this year the expenditure is $98,459. The carriages and underframes are required to bring up the total number to what is required for the efficient working of the line. As to typhoon damages: This sum has been reduced from a larger sum to the lowest possible figure, and it is for strengthening the banks in the exposed portion of the railway between Shatin and Taipo Stations. The typhoon of August, 1913, did a considerable amount of damage, and it became clear that unless the work was thoroughly taken in hand subsequent typhoons might make the railway quite dangerous.\n\nThese votes were approved.\n\n## Golf Courses\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $9,617.07 in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, New Territories, Resumption of Land for Golf Courses at Fan-Ling.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT - Well, we have got to spend the money, and it seems to me that when the Budget was put before us in October, 1913, some sort of recognition should have been given to this possible expenditure.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - The only item then was the Kowloon Station.\n\n...\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT - Well, I cannot conceive why so recently as October, 1913, the work will probably be done for rather less. With reference to the cost of three locomotives and one motor-coach, the question of saving expenditure and yet providing for passengers late in the day and during the night has been under consideration for some time. It has at last been decided to get a motor-coach which will take all the first and third-class passengers who are likely to want to travel at odd hours and late at night. It will not involve the keeping of the staff on overtime, nor the cost of taking a heavy train into the New Territory. It is hoped that this experiment will bring in a revenue without any great expenditure accruing from it.\n\nOne more locomotive is on the line, and also eight main line coaches.\n\nI do not raise this point in any spirit of calumny, but merely as a point. The signalling at Kowloon station has been given very careful consideration by the consulting engineers at Home, and two or three alternative schemes were considered, and not the one which has been approved is supposed to be the most efficient as well as the most economical to the new station in question.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT - There is one point I would like to make in regard to this vote. You are asking on almost the last day of the year for a vote of $348,866.93 in addition to the original Budget which was passed here about fifteen months ago. It seems to me that it would have been better and more satisfactory, seeing that this money was going to be spent - it must have been known that it was to be spent in 1914 - if it had been quoted in the estimates and put before us in the autumn of 1914.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - These sums are connected with the Government revenue and expenditure, but I quite agree that they might have been put in at a much earlier date. This is really part of the construction account, but I think it might have been put before the Council at any rate right months ago. Your point is certainly worth considering.\n\nHON. MR. HEWETT - My point is that it should have come before us in a nebulous state fifteen months ago.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - It is hoped that the sums shown in the additional statement will complete a good deal of the expenditure in connection with the railway, with the exception of any possible cases of exchange of land. If this has to ...",
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        "page_number": 430,
        "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "## Page Ten\n\n### Two Storm-Centers\n\nA group of five thousand persons on a sloping lawn falling away from a stately country house to a dainty artificial lake. Two bands playing at opposite ends of the ample grounds. A white canopy, and under it hundreds of people listening to a lively vaudeville troupe. Another larger tent, and here tea and sandwiches for the famishing, as the afternoon wears along. Halfway down the spacious lawn, a rectangle is marked out with ropes. The pistol cracks, and a tug-of-war is on. God is on the side of the heaviest contestants this day. Then as the afternoon light shoots long rays across the contented people, and the shadow of a short man becomes titanic and menacing, the call is to the platform, and all the chattering host masses itself in front of the speaker's table.\n\nA little man with gray hair and gray mustache, worn face, harassed lines between the eyes, and kindliness in the eyes, stands up squarely, and speaks emphatically. He is listened to rapturously, applauded mightily. That is Lloyd George, of England, at a Liberal fête.\n\nThis commonplace-looking man has torn the social structure of England into shreds. He has given the law-making power to elected persons instead of to hereditary lords. He is doing away with one rich man having a half dozen votes. He is breaking up the vast landed estates, held idle for the rearing of partridges, pheasant, and deer. He has insured a nation, and given pensions to the aged.\n\nThe two storm centers of the English-speaking world are Theodore Roosevelt and David Lloyd George. They are both born, bred, and perfected fighters. They have a jutting out of the lower lip and a smashing gesture of the arm and hand, which come from beating back opposition. They fire up into repartee and energy when the going is hard. They are at their fighting best under a rain of missiles and abuse. They came into a tame, sure world hoping to find it a scene of action and a continuing adventure.\n\nTheir lives have been a series of outbreaks. Most good men are like a firecracker. They have one loud noise in them, and then they disintegrate into silence. But these men carry explosive force which can repeat its violent performances. As quickly as their vitality is quenched at one point, it breaks loose with flame and speed at another point, and the end is not yet. They each contain a grain or two of spiritual radium, a demonic force which manifests itself again and again without exhausting its energy. They are vastly popular because they are tonic. They prove to us that things can be changed, that there is a lot in life besides routine and monotony.--\"Popular Magazine.\"\n\n### Paris Women Adopt Wounded Soldiers\n\nSociety Maids And Matrons Who Are Not Caring For At Least One Men Are Outcasts\n\nLondon, November 2.-Paris has hit upon a new greeting. When one woman meets another in the street she does not ask any of the inane questions that heretofore had such a great vogue. She straightaway gets down to business and asks: \"Have you adopted a wounded soldier?\" If the reply is in the affirmative the women feel themselves social and moral equals. But if it should happen to be in the negative then the poor neglectful culprit is an outcast of the worst kind.\n\nSeriously speaking this habit of \"adopting\" wounded soldiers has become widespread among wealthy society women here. Much of it is done through the Military Hospital of Val de Grace. After securing the necessary permit from the military authorities, these women pay a visit to the great wards where hundreds of the wounded soldiers lie mending.\n\nThey chat and laugh with the men until they come upon one whose personality is especially pleasing or whose circumstances are especially appealing. Arrangements are soon made by which the soldier is transferred to the care and responsibility of the interested woman.\n\n### Tracing It Back\n\nThe dentist says it's all right to tell the story, but that his name must not be used.\n\nO'CONNELL'S, January 30, 1915\n\nJapan has begun installation of large exhibits in the Palaces of Food Products, Education and Liberal Arts at the Panama-Pacific International Exposition. These are, in addition to the three quarters of an acre of manufactured products, booths for which are nearly complete in the Palace of Manufactures. More than 600 tons of additional exhibits from Japan are due to arrive on the `Tenyo Maru` early in December.\n\n### Advertisements\n\n| Product | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| **THE ELECTRIC HOT-PAD** | It takes the place of the hot water bottle, is safe, light, durable, sanitary, effective, convenient, economical and fits the body. Connects with any light socket. Five hours for One cent's worth of current. Available at **The German Dispensary, ESCOLTA** `RE-87` |\n| **HORLICK'S MALTED MILK** | The perfect food for invalids, dyspeptics, infants. At all first-class grocers and drug stores. Distributed by **Pacific Commercial Co.**, sole distributors. |\n| **DRY CLEANING** | Send by Parcel Post if you live in the Provinces. If you live in the City, ring call-write-or wire **The Sanitary Steam Laundry** `5 2 9` |\n| **PURE SWISS MILK** | Available through **LUTZ & C°-N AGENT'S.`427** |\n\nReaffirmation of the participation of France in the Panama-Pacific International Exposition was made in a telegram sent to A. Legallet, President of the Auxiliary French Committee in San Francisco, by A. Tirman, General Commissioner for France to the exposition, on November 22nd.\n\nMEET ME IN THE HUBBUB AT 9 TO-NIGHT.\n\nO'CONNELL'S, January 30, 1915\n\n### In the Rear of the Allied Armies\n\nBy a Danish War Correspondent. After repeated visits of those regions in Northern France which have been chastised hardest by the fury of the war, I feel compelled to contradict some of the current ideas respecting combatants and non-combatants on the side of the Allies. The spirit of the corps of officers is undoubtedly good. And if it had only depended on them, many things would have been omitted which are now remembered against the French and English. But the spirit of the troops is so much worse, and their officers have to suffer more from that spirit than they dare confess. It is the spirit of the people which any unbiased observer must condemn. He who cares may claim attenuating circumstances for the people. It has become the victim of \"an unbridled press which is guided by criminal instincts.\" This press must be considered the intellectual cause of all the atrocities committed on French soil, not only against German wounded and prisoners, but also against Frenchmen as well and which have been committed against these latter in far greater number than is generally known.\n\nA government order of August 1st too carelessly opened the prisons. Human material was wanted. Whoever cared to become a soldier was welcome, no matter how much there was against him. I remember that even in pro-French Italian papers I was in Nice at the time that order made the most unfavorable impression. No one more than the officers deplores the perfectly unlimited admission of criminal elements to the army service. At Air on the Lys I saw a colonel in complete despair. He had, that morning, condemned to death four men of his artillery regiment for \"cowardice\" before the enemy and the plundering of their fallen comrades. In the afternoon further cases of criminal actions were reported to him from a section in an advanced post. I heard that the majority of the troops of this regiment were from the South of France, men, who in the North are not considered good material. The Italian inhabitants of Southern France have been accused of being no heroes. But I believe that Paris supplies far worse elements. I base these remarks upon the statements of numerous officers who criticized the measures of their War Office in the severest manner and without reserve.\n\nIn France a scape-goat must always be found for any fault. As soon as the army fares ill, Monsieur Millerand will be the scape-goat. But the evil itself can not be eradicated any more. For necessity compels to put, without regard to physical and moral qualifications for the purpose, all and every one into the ranks who can possibly be used. In that way the righteous and unrighteous are mixed together; of course the spirit of the army deteriorates thereby.\n\nYou will surely have read in your home papers, how in France the fear of spies has become epidemic. That explains itself in great measure by the existence of the mentioned bad elements in the army. A single man may be as brave, as capable of enthusiasm as possible. But when he believes that he must demonstrate to the comrade beside him, who, before the outbreak of the war, was either sitting behind prison bars, or allowed himself to be put into the uniform from complete lack of work, feelings of contempt or of suspicion, such a state of mind cannot contribute to an increase of eagerness or gladness. In the last three weeks \"the cases of desertion, especially on the left wing, have increased greatly.\" In Noyon I met a cavalry picket riding after two dozen deserters. They asked me about the road. We talked a while and I learnt several things which are characteristic for the feelings of the piou-piou. \"Really it is a pity to waste the time with catching these fellows,\" the leader explained. \"It is done only for authority's and discipline's sake. It would have been much better not to give us such comrades.\" The pursuit of the deserters meets with the greatest obstacles, I was told further. They enter the first destroyed or deserted house they find, procure civilian clothes \"and then hush, they are gone!\" That would not be the worst. But in civilians' clothes they can rob, plunder, burn and assassinate and commit all sorts of highway robbery. There is no more protection in the lone and deserted villages. The gendarmerie is elsewhere, and so greatly occupied that for the criminals the golden harvest time has come. Believe me, Sir, the picket leader told me, many a one from that confounded Paris, where all this gang comes from, would never have thought of becoming a defender of his country, if he had not reasoned: This is an opportunity which will never return, to make hay. As long as we are in barracks in the open field, we are safe. But as soon as we come to a larger village with some ruined houses, we can be sure that we lose again several of the fellows who in civil life are not honest men. Rarely one alone deserts. Always entire gangs conspire to desert. Sometimes I almost believe that they did not make away in the beginning of the war 'with all the Apaches in Paris' and that we are afflicted with that plague which has become alike the terror of the army and the peaceable citizen, just as they were the terror of the Parisians.\n\nOf the work of the hyenas of the battlefield and the looters one can convince himself in every deserted village. Since it is out of the question that German or French armies break into houses whose owners have fled before the arrival of the troops, it can only be supposed that criminals do their wicked work, taking advantage of the situation. If by accident gendarmes come upon the scene, the burglars pretend, as I have been told repeatedly, to be the owners of the house themselves. If the gendarmes happen to know the owner of the house, they either submit to their fate, or pretend they have been sent by the owner to fetch one or the other object. Frequently they set undamaged houses, after having looted them, afire. In this manner many a solitary chateau, many a country-place, which had been spared by friend and foe alike, has found its end in dreadful devastation. The French government \"should keep a better eye on its criminals.\" But in order to keep the house-breakers and incendiaries under inspection, a much larger contingent of police and constabulary is necessary than France has, today, at its disposal. On our way back from Compiegne to Paris we have been stopped (Continued on page 141)\n\n### Advertisements\n\n| Name | Profession/Service | Contact |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| **T. H. STEPHENS** | Dentist | Cosmopolitan Bldg., Sta. Cruz Bridge. Only office with laughing gas. Gold Crowns -- `P10` |\n| **M. A. LOUIS** | ROENTGENOLOGIST | Suite 316-314 NaIAN Building, Escolta. Entrance, Gulle David. ELEVATOR SERVICE. Tel. `398` |\n| **O'CONNELL'S** | Independent | SUBSCRIBE FOR `15.00 A YEAR` |\n\n## Page Eleven",
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        "document_key": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "page_number": 481,
        "title": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915",
        "content_text": "visited the island do not speak very favourably of the forestry officials, whom they describe as more devoted to office work than to practical forestry.\n\nThe fact is that the executive of the Hokkaido suffers from lack of funds, and its chief concern is revenue, not conservation. The forests being an easily-tapped source of revenue, they naturally suffer.\n\nLumber is one of the most important items in the export trade of the island. The approximate value of timber exported in 1914 was 600,000l, mainly composed of oak logs to Europe and oak sleepers to China. Soft woods, such as \"piune\" (i.e., conifers, but not the true pine, which is not indigenous), are used for pulp by the large paper mills in the island.\n\nThe principal forest trees are:—\n\nNara (Quercus grosseserrata).—A white oak, similar to the Austrian oak,\n\nSen (Kalopanax ricinifolius).—A short, stout tree, related to the ivy. Used for cheap furniture.\n\nGampi (Betula alba).—The white birch, and other birches.\n\nKatsura (Cercidiphyllum).—A member of the magnolia family, giving large logs; used for furniture.\n\nTamo (Fraxinus mandshurica).—White ash. A cheap wood, worth about 8d. per cubic foot. It has hitherto been...\n\nMatsu (Abies sachalinensis, and Picea ayanensis).—About 12,000,000 cubic feet of these trees, called \"pine,\" are cut yearly, for fuel and pulp. Yamanarashi (Populus tremula, var. villosa).—The aspen. used for match splints, but the supply is failing, and the next best wood, Populus maximowiczii, of which there is a good supply, is now being used, as also the lindens, for this purpose.\n\nMining,\n\nThe principal minerals worked are, in order of value :-\n\nCoal,\n\nSulphur,\n\nGold, silver and lead,\n\nCopper,\n\nIron,\n\nManganese,\n\nOil,\n\nHerring About 290,000 tons, value 675,000, in 1912.\n\nSalmon and sea-trout.—It is unfortunate that, both through reckless fishing and through the poaching methods of settlers living along river banks, the runs should now be much smaller than before. Attempts are being made to supply the deficiency by hatcheries. The present value per annum is only about 120,000l., at a liberal estimate, for salmon and trout caught in Hokkaido waters. Both fish are canned as well as dry-salted, and there is a small export; but the trade cannot stand up against the far more important Kamchatkan fisheries, which not only bring large sums to the Hokkaido every year, but also bring prosperity generally to the island, by providing employment for fishermen, boat-builders, net-makers, &c. Numerous concessions are held in Kamchatka by Japanese fishing-guilds based on Hakodate, and they employ Japanese labour and transport almost exclusively. It is instructive to note that one of the chief sources of wealth, and a great aid to the circulation of funds, in the Hokkaido is outside its boundaries, in foreign territory.\n\nCrabs are tinned for export; and large quantities of seaweed are sent to China.\n\nManufactures.\n\nIndustrially the Hokkaido is far behind the rest of Japan. The commonest manufactures are those which deal with agricultural produce as raw material, such as the brewing of beer, saké and soy, the manufacture of starch, peppermint oil, hemp rope, and fabrics. Following these come the canning or other treatment of marine produce, and the manufacture of paper, match-splints, &c., from foreign produce.\n\nThe manufactures carried out on the largest scale are:-\n\n  \n    Paper\n    £ 500,000\n  \n  \n    Saké, soy,\n    £ 450,000\n  \n  \n    Peppermint, crude (? doubtful)\n    £ 160,000\n  \n  \n    Starch\n    £ 90,000\n  \n  \n    Canned goods\n    £ 82,000\n  \n  \n    Beer\n    £ 50,000\n  \n  \n    Fertilisers\n    £ 27,000\n  \n\nThe total value of manufactures is estimated at less than 2,250,000.\n\nThe total value of mineral output in 1912 was about 1,000,000l.\n\nCoal is plentiful, and about 1,685,000 tons was mined in 1912. It is found chiefly in the Ishikari district; the best-known mines being those of Yubari, Horonai, Ikushunibetsu and Sorachi. There is only a small export, as the domestic demand is great; but foreign-going ships frequently enter the port of Muroran for bunker coal.\n\nSulphur.—Hokkaido sulphur is well-known. The output in 1912 was 30,000 tons of sulphur as well as about 15,000 tons of crude \"brimstone.\"\n\nThe quantities of other minerals mined are inconsiderable, but the poverty of inland communications make the progress of mineralogical survey slow, so that it is possible that there may be development in this field later.\n\nIn several parts of the island \"magnetic sand\" is found, but this, of course, has so far no commercial value.\n\nThe oil is said to be of rather better quality than that from the Echigo fields, but the output is negligible in volume. The Standard Oil Company at one time held an interest in the borings, but this has been taken over by Japanese oil companies.\n\nFisheries.\n\nAs stated above, the fisheries of the island are what first attracted merchants under the feudal régime, and they still employ a large proportion of the population (about 14 per cent. directly, and great numbers in related occupations). Reckless catching in past years has brought about a decrease in salmon, sea-trout, and herring, but the total value of catches remains steady. The gross value of fish and marine produce in general, taken annually, is about 1,500,000l. The principal items are...\n\nTrade.\n\nThe foreign trade for 1913 comprised :-\n\n  \n    Imports\n    £ 795,000\n  \n  \n    Exports\n    £ 1,152,136\n  \n  \n    Total\n    £ 2,247,136\n  \n\nThese figures do not, however, include the indirect imports and exports through Yokohama and other ports, which are proportionately high, owing to the lack of direct foreign freight from and to the Hokkaido.\n\nG. B. S.\n\nAPPENDIX.\n\nFinances of the Hokkaido.\n\n1. The following abstracts of recent budgets, those for the financial year 1913-14, will give an idea of the financial condition of the Hokkaido administration.\n\n1913.\n\nREVENUE.\n\n1. Hokkaido Government-\n\n(a) Ordinary, from Government undertakings and Government property\n\n(b) Extraordinary, from sale of Government property, &c.\n\n  \n    Yen.\n    1,222,090\n  \n  \n    \n    24,421\n  \n  \n    Total\n    1,246,511",
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        "page_number": 432,
        "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## Knitted Vesta and Socks\nThe market has improved and business has increased about 30 per cent. Sale of Japanese manufactured articles has declined about 20 per cent.\n\n## Leather and Hides\nThe price has advanced about 20 per cent. in comparison with the preceding year, and a fairly good business has been done in consequence of shortage of European leather in the Colony.\n\n## Ginger and Preserves\nThis business declined considerably, about 40 per cent. in comparison with the preceding year.\n\n## Soy\nExporters again report a poor market. Business has been reduced by 30 per cent. in comparison with the preceding year.\n\n## Paper\nBusiness has increased about 35 per cent. in consequence of shortage of the importation of European manufactured paper.\n\n## Vermilion\nThis trade was practically at a standstill owing to the war.\n\n## Lard\nThe trade in lard was normal, principally with Manila where Hongkong lard is accepted owing to the careful supervision exercised to ensure purity.\n\n### (e) FISHERIES\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n### (d) FORESTRY, AGRICULTURE AND BOTANY\n\nOn the bare hills north of Samshaipo, 47,000 pine tree seedlings, one year old, were planted, and in the same locality 22,000 pits were sown with pine tree seeds.\n\nIn the Tytam catchment area, 14,000 pits were sown with pine tree seeds and at Aberdeen, Shunwan and Aplichau, 29 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown broadcast.\n\nOn grassy hills east of the south face of the Beacon Hill, funnel and around the Kowloon reservoir, 272 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown and 50 lbs. on similar hills near Fanling.\n\nAbout 90,000 pine tree seedlings were raised for planting in 1916.\n\nSix thousand broad-leaved trees were planted in the Tytam catchment area and about 1,000 in the Pokfulam catchment area.\n\nOver 300 Poincianas were planted in various places in Hongkong and Kowloon.\n\nBetween 1,800 and 1,900 flowering trees and shrubs were planted in conspicuous places in Hongkong in addition to the Poincianas.\n\nUpwards of 1,300 trees were planted along the Fanling-Taipo Road. They consisted of Poincianas, Albizzia and Camphor.\n\nAlongside the road leading from Castle Peak to Fanling, 130 trees were planted consisting of Camphor, Poinciana, Ficus, Melaleuca and Albizzia.\n\nOn the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course, over 7,000 trees and shrubs were planted, of which over 4,000 were planted to give an effect when in flower.\n\nCreepers damaging trees in plantations on Mt. Victoria, Mt. Gough, Mt. Kellett and Mt. Parker were cut.\n\nA large felling of pine and broad-leaved trees was made at North Point in order to enable material to be obtained for reclamation purposes.\n\nLarge fellings were also made on Farm Lots purchased by the Dairy Farm Co. for the cultivation of Guinea Grass.\n\nAbout 6,000,000 square feet were cleared of undergrowth at the expense of the Government in connection with anti-malarial ca...ures.\n\nIn connection with survey work, about 700,000 square feet were cleared.\n\nIn the economic garden at Fanling, vegetables were grown for demonstration purposes. Several experiments were also made with artificial fertilizers.\n\nThe first rice crop was good but the second was poor in many places owing to the lateness of the rains. Much damage was done to the latter crop by typhoons which occurred just before harvesting.\n\nLichees were below the average but peanuts were good.\n\n### (e) LAND GRANTS AND GENERAL VALUE OF LAND\n\nThe net amount of premium received from sales of Crown land and pier rights for the year 1915 was $79,576, a decrease of $165,962 on the preceding year and $130,601 less than the average for the last five years. The principal items were $35,100 in respect of the site of Kowloon Permanent Pier No. 35, $10,665 for Kowloon Permanent Pier No. 34, $6,815 in respect of an extension to Inland Lot No. 1280, $4,200 for sale of Inland Lot No. 2138, and $4,086 for sale of Inland Lot No. 2139.\n\nIn the New Territories, the net amount received for premium on sales of land was $13,242, being a decrease of $6,489 on the previous year.\n\nPage 425",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 275,
        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "୮\n\n- 10\n\nEXPORTS.\n\nExport show an increase of 140,809 tons.\n\nTransit Cargo. An increase of 158,313 tons is shown under this head.\n\nEmigration and Immigration.\n\nOne hundred and seventeen thousand six hundred and fifty-three (117,653) emigrants left Hongkong for various places during the year 1916, (68,275) in 1915. Of these, 86,739 were carried in British ships, and 30,914 in foreign ships.\n\nSeventy-two thousand four hundred and five (72,405) returning emigrants were reported to have been brought to Hongkong from the several places to which they had emigrated either from this Colony or from Coast Ports, as against 109,753 in 1915. Of these, 45,623 arrived in British ships and 26,782 in foreign ships.\n\nStatement of Number of Emigrants to Straits Settlements, 1909 to 1916, compared with Total Chinese Emigration.\n\n  \n    No. of Emigrants to Straits Settlements.\n    Total No. of Emigrants.\n  \n  \n    1909, 48,016\n    77,430\n  \n  \n    1910, 76,705\n    111,058\n  \n  \n    1911, 100,900\n    135,565\n  \n  \n    1912, 84,024\n    122,657\n  \n  \n    1913, 102,353\n    142,759\n  \n  \n    1914, 44,974\n    76,290\n  \n  \n    1915, 41,278\n    68,275\n  \n  \n    1916, 82,707\n    117,653\n  \n\n(b.)-INDUSTRIES.\n\n(i.)-Under European Management.\n\nEngineering and Shipbuilding.-The figures are as follows for the years 1915 and 1916;—\n\n  \n    Taikoo Dockyard and Eng. Co., Ld.\n    1915, 3 vessels of 2,780 gross tons & 1,400 I.H.P.\n  \n  \n    Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.\n    2,498 tons\n  \n  \n    Macdonald & Co.\n    33\n  \n  \n    Kwong Fook Cheong,\n    1\n  \n  \n    Ah King,\n    30\n  \n  \n    \n    21\n  \n  \n    \n    21\n  \n  \n    \n    13\n  \n  \n    \n    30\n  \n  \n    Total,\n    3,240 tons\n  \n  \n    \n    13\n  \n  \n    \n    70\n  \n  \n    \n    72\n  \n  \n    \n    127\n  \n  \n    Taikoo Dockyard and Eng. Co., Ld.\n    1916, 23 vessels of 5,361 gross tons and 4,909 I.H.P.\n  \n  \n    Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.\n    1 vessel of 23 gross tons and 201 H.P.\n  \n  \n    Macdonald & Co.\n    9,814\n  \n  \n    Kwong Fook Cheong,\n    641\n  \n  \n    Kong Hip Lung Co., Ld.\n    752\n  \n  \n    Kwong Sing Loong,\n    11\n  \n  \n    W. S. Bailey & Co.\n    521\n  \n  \n    Kwong Man Sang,\n    402\n  \n  \n    Tung Shing,\n    36\n  \n  \n    Kwong Hop Loong,\n    449\n  \n  \n    Ah King,\n    13\n  \n  \n    Suun Kee,\n    13\n  \n  \n    Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co., Ld.\n    2\n  \n  \n    Total,\n    54 vessels of 10,002 gross tons and 9,377 I.H.P.\n  \n\nThe increase of tonnage built by the Taikoo Dockyard and Engineering Co., Ltd., is due to the building of vessels for the Straits Steamship Co. The Hongkong & Whampoa Dock Co. had several large vessels building, which are not shown in the return.\n\nSugar Refineries.-The year 1916 was marked by a further increase in the price of already highly inflated raws. The clearances were on the whole good, a marked feature being the increasing demand for crystals from India and the Persian Gulf markets, which would have assumed very large proportions had it not been hampered by scarcity of tonnage and the very high level of silver.\n\nCotton Yarn.-The year has undoubtedly been a profitable one both for importers and dealers, although the volume of business has been smaller than that of previous years.\n\nThe political troubles in China had a restricting influence upon the market, and the anti-monarchical movement, with the fear of disturbances affected business severely throughout the spring and early summer.\n\nThe war conditions now prevailing have driven prices of all commodities to a high level-American Cotton reached the record price of 124d. per lb. in November-which must necessarily curtail the offtake amongst the poorer consumers.\n\nAnother most important factor is the growth of the Japanese and Shanghai mill enterprises which continue to make great progress at the expense of Indian Yarns in the South as well as in other parts of China.\n\nRope Making. There was a fair demand for Manila Cordage throughout the year but the total turnover shows a falling off from that of the previous twelve months. The cost of raw material was still higher than the high figure it had reached at the end of 1915 and no doubt the consumption of the manufactured article was adversely affected by the consequent higher prices.\n\nCement. There was a good demand throughout the year 1916. The price of Cement rose but business with gold standard countries was of course adversely affected by the high rates of exchange which ruled during the latter part of the year. Nevertheless on the whole the turnover for the year shows an improvement on that of 1915.\n\nTin.-Business in this commodity has been reduced considerably in comparison with the preceding year which as already reported was a poor one.\n\nImports from Yunan for the whole year amounted to about 3,000 tons and from Kwang Sai about 1,000 tons against 7,000 tons and 1,000 tons respectively in 1915.\n\nExport during the year was about 500 tons to Japan, 400 tons to Shanghai, and 2,300 tons to Europe, United States of America, and Canada.\n\n273",
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        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "12 -\n\nThere was also about 300 tons exported to China coast ports and interior.\n\nRattan and Fibre Furniture. The business in these commodities has further declined about 40 per cent in comparison with the preceding year on account of the enormous increase in freight.\n\nNutire Tobacco. The business this year has been increased by about 20 per cent in comparison with 1915.\n\nTinned Goods. On account of high cost of materials the price of tinned goods has been increased by 20 per cent and in consequence, the sale has been reduced by 40 per cent.\n\nSamshu. The market and business has been the same as last year.\n\nVinegar. The business has been almost the same as last year.\n\nKnitted Vests and Socks. The business has declined about 20 per cent owing to high cost of materials.\n\nLeather and Hides. The market has advanced by about 25 to 30 per cent in comparison with the preceding year and the business throughout the year has been good.\n\nGinger and Preserves. The business in this produce has declined about 50 per cent in comparison with the preceding year.\n\nSoy. Exports have been very poor and business has been reduced by ... per cent in comparison with the preceding year.\n\nPaper. Import of this article has been very limited and in consequence, the consumption of Chinese paper has been increased by about 20 per cent.\n\nVermilion. Business has been very dull, a reduction of 40 per cent in comparison with last year having to be recorded.\n\nLard. The business has been very dull owing to an increase in cost price of about 30 per cent and the export was limited.\n\n(c.) FISHERIES.\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n(d) FORESTRY, AGRICULTURE, AND BOTANY.\n\nAbout 40,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills around the Fanling Golf Course, over 15,000 in the Cheungshawan catchment area, over 25,000 in the Tytam catchment area, 10,000 on the hills north of Kowloon City, and 370 in King's Park.\n\nSixty-two (62) pounds of pine seed were sown broadcast in grassy areas on the south side of the Kowloon hills.\n\n13\n\nAbout 40,000 pine tree seedlings were raised for planting in 1917. Over 1,000 broad-leaved trees were planted in the Fanling catchment area and 1,000 in the Pokfulam catchment area.\n\nNearly 7,000 broad-leaved trees were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course and 446 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOne hundred (100) pine trees were likewise planted on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOne thousand (1,000) broad-leaved trees were planted on the hills around Lok Ma Chau Police Station.\n\nOver 1,800 flowering trees and shrubs, including 100 Poincianas, were planted in conspicuous places in Hongkong and Kowloon.\n\nAlongside roads 269 broad-leaved trees were planted, and to cover bare cuttings 450 Ficus and 110 Vitis creepers were planted.\n\nFive hundred and ninety-four (594) trees were planted along the road from Fanling to Sha Tin and 153 between Tai Wai and Tai Po. The previous year's failures were also made good.\n\nNearly 6,000 flowering trees and shrubs were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course in addition to those already mentioned.\n\nCreepers damaging trees in the Pokfulam, Aberdeen, and Wong Nei Chong forests were cut.\n\nA block of between 20 and 30 acres of pine trees was felled near Pokfulam.\n\nIt will not be necessary to replant this area as the ground is well covered with broad-leaved trees and young pines.\n\nLarge fellings of pine trees were also made on Farm Lots belonging to the Dairy Farm Company.\n\nOver 5,000,000 square feet were cleared of undergrowth in connection with anti-malarial measures.\n\nIn connection with survey work nearly 1,000,000 square feet were cleared.\n\nVegetables were grown in the economic garden at Fanling for demonstration purposes.\n\nOnions raised from seed obtained from Teneriffe matured and were a great success.\n\nThe first rice crop was good but the second was poor generally. Lichees and peanuts were fair.\n\n(e) LAND GRANTS AND GENERAL VALUE OF LAND.\n\nThe net amount of premium received from sales of Crown land and pier rights for the year 1916 was $203,234, an increase of $123,658 on the preceding year and $6,351 greater than the average for the past five years.\n\n274",
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    {
        "id": 468233,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 537,
        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n50\n\nable to devise a scheme for what really amounted to taxation of themselves. me to Bee solution, but,\n\n$1\n\nA. Department Director of Education, Other Charges, Transport\n\nof\n\nif\n\n77.74\n\nTotal\n\n877.74\n\n(3.)-No refund shall be payable | Education, in respect of any quarter to any person who has not paid within the first month of the quarter all the rates payable by him in respect of that quarter.\n\n(4.)For the purpose of this sec- tion a person shall be deemed to have paid the special war rate although he may have paid such rate through the landlord, hotel-keeper, or boarding-house-keeper upon whose premises he resides and not direct to the Treasurer: Pro- vided that in such case the Trea- surer shall decide what amount of special war rate has been so paid. An amendment by Hon. Mr. SHEWAN that the tax should be increased to 10 per cent. and that all persons paying rents under $90 per month should be exempted, was not accepted by the Governor.\n\nTHE ATTORNEY-GENERAL remarked that houses rented at over 300 per month are often let out in floors, which again sub-let in cubicles and bed spaces.\n\nare\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY remarked that if a tribunal could be formed to fix rents it would remove some of the difficulties,\n\nHON. MR. SHEWAN-I think the pre- sent feeling in the Colony is that the landlords would be afraid to have that sort of thing.\n\nThe Bill passed through Committee with the above amendments, and, on Coun- cil resuming,\n\nTHE ATTORNEY-GENERAL that it be read a third time.\n\nmoved\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY second- ed, and the Bill was then read a third time and passed.\n\nFINANCE COMMITTEE.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\nQuarry Apparatus\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of two thousand six hun- dred and fifty dollars ($2,660) in aid of the vote Public Works Extraordinary, Hongkong Miscellaneous, Miscellaneous Works-Apparatus for Government Quarry.\n\nThe vote was agreed to\n\nElectric Lighting\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of one thousand dollars ($1,000) in aid of the following votes: Public Works, Refurrent, 31.- Electric Lighting, Kowloon ....... $500 Public Works, Recurrent, 45.-Elec- tric Lighting, Samshuipo $500 .$1,000 Total\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\nWater Works Maintenance\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of two thousand three hun- dred dollars ($2,300) in aid of the vote Public Works Recurrent, 49, New Terri- tories, Water Works, Maintenance of Lai Chi Kok./\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\nBeautifying Fanling\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of two thousand three hun- dred and fifty dollars ($2,350) in aid of the vote Botanical and Forestry Depart- Charges, Maintenance of Gardens and meht, Forestry (New Territories), Other\n\nA meeting of the Finance Committee followed, the COLONIAL SECRETARY presid-rounds, Improvements in and adjoin- ing.\n\nseven\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of five hundred and seventy- dollars and seventy-four cents ($577.74) in aid of the following votes:- Education, A. Department of Director of Education, Other Charges, Incidental Expenses $500.00\n\nng the Fanling Golf Course.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\nThe Supplementary Vote When the Supplementary Vote came up in Committee, the Chairman announced that he had received several questions from the Hon. Mr. Pollock. With regard to the Harbour Department he asked wha\n\nThen they appealed to\n\nI could find as I have already told the Council, the problem defeated me. I do not think I can hold out any hope that the proposi- tion will be further considered. As re- cards the hon. member's remarks about legislation by order of the Governor-in- Council, we are prepared to accept his suggestion in regard to this particular Bill and to alter it. With regard to his general remarks on the subject, I want say that when rules are considered which affect any particular interests in this Colony those interests consulted in the matter.\n\nare always However, we ill take his suggestion into considera- tion, and see whether anything can be done in the direction which he and his colleague indicated. As regards the remarks made by Mr. Shewan, we find it impossible to alter this Bill so as to exempt what he classes as the poorer class. Properties are owned and leased in this 'olony in such a manner that it would be impossible to do as he suggests with- but causing a greater part of the burden 10 fall on one class-the landlords-and that, again, would be unfair. I can only suggest to landlords that they should imitate the example which is going to be set by a Chinese gentleman here, Sir Robert Ho Tung. I have a letter from him in which he says that it is his inten- tion to pay the per rent, increase on behalf of all his tenants for the duration of the war. That is an extraordinarily generous offer, and the tenants of Sir Robert Ho Tung will be extraordinarily lucky. I only hope that many of them are of the class referred to by Mr. Shewan. There are many other landlords in the Colony and many landlords who are not of the Chinese race, and I hope that they will imitate the example of Sir Robert Ho Tong as far as their resources permit, waiving the liability of their tenants under this tex, either wholly For in part\n\nCouncil then went into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause. The following amendments made:-\n\nwere\n\n1-(a) In clause 2 omit the word \"current.\"\n\n(Z) Renumber clause 2 as clause 2 (1). (e) Add the following sub-clause to clause 2:-\n\n532\n\n\"(2) The said special war rats for any given quarter shall be calculated on the valuation in force for the purpose of the rates payable for that quarter under the principal Ordin- ance.\n\nIL-In clause 6 substitute the words \"Legislative Council by resolu- tion for the words Governor-in- Council.\"\n\nHII.-Add the following clauses:-\n\n9. (1.)-If any person who receives the rent of any tenement or part of a tenement demands from his tenant, under colour of collecting the auid special war rate, an amount which exceeds the amount paid by auch person as special war rate in rea- pect of such tenement or part of a tenement, he shall be liable upon summary conviction to a fine nov exceeding five hundred dollars.\n\n(2.)-No person shall be convicted under this section of demanding an excessive amount from the tenant of a part of any tenement if he proves (a) that the total amount collected by him as special war rate in res- pect of such tenement is equal to or less than the amount paid by him. as special war rate in respect of such tenement and (b) that the demand of an excessive amount from the tenant of such part of such tenement was due to a bond Ade mistake.\n\n(3.) If in any proceedings any question arises as to what amount of special war rate is attributable to any part of any tenement che certificate of the Assessor shall be admissible aş evidence of such amount.\n\nAdditional Clause:-\n\n10. (1.)-Any person in the scr- vice of the Crown who satisfies the Treasurer that he has paid income tax in the United Kingdom or in any British Possession on his official pay for any period in respect of which he has also paid the special war rate payable under this Ordin- ance shall be entitled to a refund of such special war rate not exceed- ing the amount of such income tax.\n\n(2.) For the purpose of the said' refund such income tax shall be con- verted into dollars at the demand rate on the first day of the quarter I respect of which such special war rate was paid.",
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        "title": "CO129-442 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nfrom people using and visiting the course of the services of a former member of this Council, who, as you will have learned from the public press, died recently in London. I refer to the late Dr. Atkinson, who for many years occupied the post of Principal Civil Medical Officer of this Colony. He was associated with what I may call landscape advances in sanitary science, and he contributed in no small degree to those advances. To him we owe that very excellently equipped hospital in the centre of the town, the Government Civil Hospital, and, through his instrumentality, the Victoria Hospital in Barker Road, which has also proved a great boon to the poorer sections of this large community.\n\nThe late Dr. Atkinson was one of those who never spared himself. He loved his work, and I might say that he lived for his work. After he had concluded his work here, he devoted himself to a private practice in London, and since the war began, he has been in the Army Medical Department in charge of a large military hospital, and from what I have learned, his energy and enthusiasm for that work contributed to his untimely decease. He leaves behind a widow and two young sons who are just entering on their career as men, and I know that they will appreciate it if we remember them in their sorrow.\n\n...the golf course and its surroundings, as I recognise that this affords opportunity for beautifying. You can make an extremely beautiful spot out of the surroundings, and I hope that in years to come, the amenities of the place will attract visitors from the Straits Settlements, the Malay States, and perhaps Ceylon, and other places, such as Borneo and the Philippines, where they do not get such a good climate as we do in the winter, and where they have not such an excellent course with beautiful surroundings as we have.\n\nTherefore, I think that it is legitimate that we should do something out of public funds to assist the golf club in their endeavours to make this course a really first-class course. I recognise that it is not possible for an individual club to do all the work that is absolutely necessary. The vote before you is to defray expenditure for improving the land immediately adjoining the course, which will absorb a sum of $1,000, and another $1,500 will be expended on actual work on the course, in providing what is very essential, namely, a top dressing.\n\nI have been assured by the Superintendent of the Botanical and Forestry Department that this is absolutely necessary to make the course a first-class course. There are precedents in the Colony for devoting public money to various private clubs for recreation purposes, such as the laying out of the pitch for the Cricket Club, the laying out of the recreation ground at Kowloon, expenditure on which was all considered justifiable. I think that this also is justifiable expenditure, and I intend to include in the annual estimates in the future a sum for the improvement of the golf course.\n\nIt has already attracted visitors from outside to the Colony, and it will do so in the future. I hope hon. members will pass the vote in Committee.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY—Before proceeding with the business on the agenda, I would like to ask you to record our appreciation of the valuable services rendered to the Colony of Hongkong by the late Dr. John Mitford Atkinson.\n\nThe Legislative Council of Hongkong desires to record its appreciation of the valuable services rendered to the Colony of Hongkong by the late Dr. John Mitford Atkinson and to convey to his widow and sons its deep sympathy with them in their bereavement.\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK—Sir, on behalf of the unofficial members of this Council, I beg leave to second the resolution which has just been proposed by your Excellency. I also desire, on their behalf, to associate ourselves with the message of condolence and sympathy which your Excellency has just expressed.\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY replied as follows:--\n\nThe usual facilities are being provided at Kennedy Town as in recent years. Facilities at North Point, with the exception of a temporary pier from which diving could be performed at certain states of the tide, have hitherto been provided by the Hongkong Tramway Company. The Company have found that the facilities were utilised to so small an extent that they have decided not to make any such provision this year. In the light of the Tramway Company's experience, it is proposed to take no further action towards providing bathing facilities in this locality.\n\nThe Government then referred the matter again to the Sanitary Board, who on the 19th April unanimously adopted the further resolution—“That the site cross-hatched blue on the attached plan for the Sham Shui Po Market be approved.”\n\n3.—The new site was obtained from Mr. Li Ping, who accepted the original site in exchange for the new one. The areas exactly equal, premium and additional dealt with for purposes of exchange were Crown rent being charged in respect of an excess in the area of the original site over that of the new site. Mr. Li Ping is the Crown lessee of 14 lots in the vicinity of the district, and enquiries were informed that this area was reserved with a view to the erection of a market thereon.\n\n2.—In September last, the Government were approached regarding the provision of an alternative site, upon land in private ownership, being 210 yards from the centre of the original site to the centre of the new site nearer the existing village of Sham Shui Po. In January last, the question of the site was referred to the Head of the Sanitary Department, who reported that the original site was too far from the village of Sham Shui Po, and that the alternative site was too small.\n\nThe matter was considered by the Sanitary Board on the 9th January, and they unanimously adopted the following resolution: “That the plan as laid on the table be approved by the Board except that the question of the site be left over until the decision of the Government regarding the offer of an alternative site be known.”\n\nThe Government being anxious to remove the site of the proposed market from a position fronting on what will at some future period be the main road to Tsun Wan, Castle Peak, and beyond, especially in view of the increase of motor traffic, pursued further negotiations regarding an alternative site, and eventually succeeded in getting an offer of the site cross-hatched in blue on the plan laid herewith. The centre of this site is 127 yards from the centre of the original site.\n\n1. Yes, a certain area was marked on a plan showing the proposed development of the market, two of which face the new market site. The numbers and areas of the two lots facing the new market site are:-\n\nNew Kowloon Inland Lot 43......19,840 sq. ft.\n\nNew Kowloon Inland Lot 158......8,775 sq. ft.\n\nThe new market site is surrounded on all four sides by public roads. The lots belong to Mr. Li Ping, whilst those on the opposite side of two of such roads and on the opposite side of the two remaining roads belong to other parties.\n\nHon. members are asked to vote, in financial minute 19, a sum of $2,550 for improvements in and adjoining Fanling Golf Course.\n\nThe somewhat peculiar position of the Royal Hongkong Golf Club and Fanling Golf course is in that the actual course we play golf on is leased to the Royal Hongkong Golf Club, but there is Crown land really within the Course, which adjoins the golf course.\n\nThe golf course is a great source of attraction not only to residents of the Colony but to visitors, and I hope it will be in the future a still greater attraction to visitors. Railway companies at home, as perhaps you are aware, lay out golf courses in order to increase their traffic receipts. In this Colony, the Government, that is to say, the taxpayers, have benefited in no small degree from the golf course. A sum of about $100,000 has been spent upon the golf links by the golf club, and in the first year the links were opened, in 1913, the traffic receipts...\n\nPage 540\n\nPage 541",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 76,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nfor receiving Time Signals by Wireless! In the Attorney-General's Office the 2nd Telegraphy Grade Clerk has been promoted to Grade for the reasons set out in Appendix II.\n\nUnder Miscellaneous Services there is an increase of $1,000 in Coal for Offices due to increase in cost. Various small decreases occur due to higher exchange and the sum of £30 formerly given to the Department of Chinese in London University has been transferred to the recently founded School of Oriental Studies, London Institution. The vote for Loss on Subsidiary Coins, which stood at $300,000 for the current year, has been omitted for 1918 as withdrawals from circulation have now ceased. Economies have been made in Electric Fans and Light and the vote has been reduced by $1,000. The vote of $2,200 for a New Edition of General Orders has been omitted, as under the pressure of war conditions it is uncertain when a new edition will be produced. The vote for Rent Allowance has been increased by $27,000 to provide House Allowances to the Senior Service pending the erection of quarters. A reduction of $7,000 is made in Telegrams, due to the arrangement whereby the public are now charged for telegrams sent on their behalf. Savings of $1,600 are shown under War Expenditure Prisoners of War, while the votes for Cable and Postal Censorships have been increased for the reasons given in Appendix I. Under Imports and Exports Department, I have explained the need for the vote for Special Expenses of the Imports and Exports Department. The vote for Special Expenses of the Pass Office, Police Department, is intended to cover the travelling and overtime allowances of the Assistant Superintendent of Police in charge, his salary being provided under an acting appointment.\n\nIn the Supreme Court the 2nd Grade Assistant Interpreter and the 3rd Grade Clerk and Translator having both passed their 1st Grade Interpreter's examination have been promoted to 1st Grade. A reduction of $2,000 has been made in the vote for travelling expenses of watchmen and the temporary engagement of extra watchmen.\n\nIn the Magistracy, a new appointment to the office of 1st Police Magistrate produces a slight reduction in Personal Emoluments.\n\nUnder District Officer an increase in Personal Emoluments arises from the appointment as District Officer of an officer on a sterling salary. The votes for Transport for both districts have been increased by a total sum of $600, which is chiefly due to the increase in cost of launch hire.\n\nThe salary of the Assistant Crown Solicitor shows a decrease due to a new appointment, while the Duty Pay of the Official Receiver and Registrar of Trade Marks has been reduced from £150 to £100, the usual duty pay attached to a Class III post.\n\nIn the Police Department under Personal Emoluments provision is again made for only 79 European Constables and a saving of $77,179 is shown. No less than 59 members of the Police Force have gone to the front, of whom I regret to say ten are reported to have been killed in action, while two Police Officers have been seconded for service under the Government of India for the duration of the war.\n\nSince I addressed you last year the members of the Police Reserve under Deputy Superintendent Jenkin have continued to perform their duties in an exemplary manner. Both the discipline and morale of the Force are excellent, and I feel that the community is greatly indebted to these men for the valuable and gratuitous services that they render.\n\nUnder Other Charges a sum of $2,000 for the Clothing and Accoutrements of the Police Reserve, the Government having undertaken to supply the uniform and equipment of the Chinese Section, hitherto borne by voluntary contributors. The votes for Coal for Barracks and Coal and Oil Fuel for Launches and Boats have been increased by $29,825 due to the higher cost. Grants of $1,500 and $1,800 are included for the Police Reserve Band and for the Rent of Police Reserve Headquarters. Decreases of $1,000 each are shown under Ammunition and Arms, while the vote for Equalisation of Exchange on Indian Police Remittances has been reduced by $6,000. Since the installation of the Police at Castle Peak, the services of eight scouts have been dispensed with and the vote in aid of the Village Scout Scheme is accordingly reduced by $480. The vote for Passages and Bonuses in lieu of passages has also been reduced by $4,000.\n\nIn the Fire Brigade the increase in the cost of Coal and Oil Fuel has necessitated an increase of $1,410 in Other Charges.\n\nIn the Prison Department two additional temporary Indian Warders have been appointed to replace European Warders who have proceeded on active service. Under Other Charges the vote for Incidental Expenses has been subdivided and to the vote for Furniture are now debited articles made by prisoners for the Gaol. The votes for Clothing and Shoes for Staff and Clothing for Prisoners have been increased owing to the higher cost of materials. A reduction of $860 has, however, been made in other votes.\n\nUnder Special Expenditure provision is made for Special Repairs to the Steam Barges and for the construction of an additional steam barge. The net increase under the head is $6,955.\n\nIn the Medical Department, it has been decided to leave in abeyance for the present the post of Superintendent of the Civil Hospital, and one additional Medical Officer has therefore been included. It is unlikely, however, that the post will be filled in 1918. The salaries of all Nurses and Probationers have now been transferred from the heading Hospitals and Asylums and placed under Staff. In Other Charges, Staff, provision is made for the Rent of a new Dispensary for the Medical Officer, Kowloon.\n\nIn the Botanical and Forestry Department a sum of $1,000 has been provided for Improvements to Fanling Golf Course. This is for the purpose of top-dressing the fairways and improving the turf. The good effect of this policy is already apparent. The work of planting the hills in the neighbourhood of the Golf Course has made good progress during the past year.\n\nUnder the Department of the Director of Education it will be noticed that six Student Teachers are inserted. It is intended to send three Student Teachers to the University each year; three have already entered and three more will enter next session. They will pass through the regular course at the University and at the same time receive training as teachers from the Normal Master. It is hoped thereby to improve considerably the teaching of English by Chinese Masters. Votes for their Fees and Maintenance at the University appear under Other Charges, Hospitals and Asylum, to meet the increased cost of commodities.\n\nIn Queen's College one Assistant Mistress has been appointed to replace an Assistant Master, while two other ladies are at present employed in place of a master on active service, and are being paid out of lapsing salaries. Two Chinese Masters have been appointed to Kowloon British School and Victoria British School for the reasons shown in Appendix III. In Victoria British School provision is made for one Assistant Mistress in place of one 3rd Grade Assistant Mistress. Under Other Charges small increases are shown under Kowloon British School and Victoria British School for University Examination Fees, as these schools now present pupils for the Entrance Examinations for the Hong-kong University. The Capitation Grants and University Examination Grants have been increased owing to an increase in the number of pupils at the various Schools. The scheme of subsidies to schools in the New Territories having proved successful, the vote has been increased by $800.\n\nVotes of $750 and $1,550 are inserted for the Upkeep of the Dental Clinic, and for the Ventilation of the Operating Theatre. The vote for the Upkeep of the X Ray Apparatus has also been increased by $260. An increase of $180 is inserted for the Rent of New Quarters and Dispensary for the Medical Officer, New Territories. The vote for Coal for the launch of the Health Officer of the Port has been increased by $1,100 to meet the rise in price. Small increases appear in Other Charges for Institutes and for the Government Laboratory, due to the general rise in the cost of commodities.\n\nIn the Sanitary Department a new appointment to the post of Secretary causes a slight reduction in Personal Emoluments. Half salary is again provided for the Assistant Medical Officer of Health as the post will not be filled in 1918. The establishment of the Sanitary Inspectors, at a salary of £165 rising to £225 by £15 biennially has now been completed by two new appointments. Provision for twelve only was made last year. Additions made to the Sanitary Staff owing to the increase in the duties to be performed are shown in Appendix III.\n\nUnder Other Charges it has been necessary to raise the amount provided for Coal owing to the increase in cost and the ...\n\nWith a view to carrying out the recommendations of the recent Committee on the Teaching of English in the Hongkong Schools a vote of $1,350 is inserted under Special Expenditure in order to improve the equipment of the District Schools.\n\nUnder Military Expenditure the contribution to the Imperial Government is estimated to amount to $2,721,412.\n\nPage 90\n\n \nPage 89\n\n73\n\n18\n\n \n{LT)\n\n \nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n90\n\n \nan\n\nto\n\nan\n\nincrease\n\n18\n\n \n|\n\n|",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\non\n\ncompradores. This has been stopped with excellent results. I can hardly credit the hotels taking the place of those compradores, and if they do, that is their affair and they will suffer for it. During your régime, Sir, I maintain that you have done the maximum any Governor could do in the interests of sobriety. You have pushed the improvement of the roads; you have taken a deep interest in and greatly facilitated the making of our golf course at Fanling; in fact you have done everything to widen the scope of healthy outdoor exercise and do away with that cooped up feeling, which in the past must have been a great incentive to intemperance. Don't belittle it now, Sir, with this poor impotent little Bill.\n\nH.E. THE GOVERNOR-The object of the Bill is not to stop drinking. The Colonial Secretary never said a word about that, broadly and generally, it is obviously undesirable to multiply classes of offence for which men can be hauled up before a Police Magistrate and fined, and it is particularly undesirable in regard to a matter like this, which affects strangers coming within our gates who, whatever may be thought of residents of this Colony, cannot be expected reasonably to be acquainted with the laws of this Colony. And yet, Sir, what do we find? We find that under Clause 5 of this Bill it is positively and solemnly proposed not that every buyer who does anything wrong, or anything known to be wrong, should be punished, but that a buyer shall be punished because a seller does something wrong.\n\nClause 5 reads, \"Every person to whom any liquor is supplied in contravention of this Ordinance shall also be guilty of an offence against this Ordinance.\" If a seller supplies liquor contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance the fault of the seller is, by an extraordinary tour de force, transferred to the shoulders of the possibly innocent buyer coming into the Colony in ignorance of its peculiar law. It is a peculiar law, for it is proposed by Clause 5 of the Bill that a stranger within our gates, assuming that the hotel boy mistakes him and takes him for a resident of the hotel and does not ask the seller liable but the buyer also is liable. If the seller commits an offence then the buyer has to be run in and will also be guilty of an offence.\n\nHON. MR. S. H. DODWELL-I grant you it is a measure which is in force at Home, but you know, Sir, as well as I do the reasons for it at Home, and that they do not exist in this Colony.\n\nHON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK-I am opposed to this Bill, and with reference to the reasons for the Bill, Sir, I certainly understood the Colonial Secretary to make some remarks on the question of promiscuous drinking. I do not see how his words could be interpreted in any other sense than that the Bill would tend to lessen drinking. But, now, Sir, I understand he wishes to disclaim that point. If that is so, we do not wish him to hold to anything which he wishes to disclaim. With regard to the question of the reasons of this Bill, I would point out that in the statement of \"Objects and Reasons,\" where we should naturally look for those reasons, they are conspicuously absent.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY-They spoke to me in exactly the same way.\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK-Well, Sir, now, with regard to the Hongkong Hotel, I will read their letter, or rather the letter which was written on their behalf by Messrs. Deacon, Looker, Deacon & Harston, their solicitors, on the 27th of last month, with reference to this Bill.\n\nHongkong, 27th September, 1917.\n\nSIR,-We have the honour to address you in regard to the above Bill on behalf of our clients, the Hongkong Hotel Co., Ltd.\n\n2. Our clients are the holders of a Publican's Licence granted by the Hongkong Government and have continuously held such licence or its equivalent for the period of 50 years.\n\n3. During the period of 50 years referred to in the preceding paragraph that portion of our clients' business which relates to the supply of intoxicating liquor has been very largely carried on by means of what is known as \"chit system\"-whereunder the purchaser is supplied with the liquor desired by him in exchange for an order in writing signed by him.\n\n4. Our clients' experience under the above system-save in a comparatively infinitesimal number of instances-has been such as to enable them to say that the system has worked well and has been a great convenience both to themselves and their customers.\n\n5. The intoxicating liquor supplied by our clients to such of their customers as, if the above Bill be passed, will fall within the purview of its restrictive clauses, is served in the following portions of their premises, viz.: (a) The Public Bar. (b) The Private Bar. (c) The Smoking-room Bar. (d) The Kiosk Lounge. (e) The Large Lounge.\n\n6. Our clients have quite recently removed the Public Bar into a smaller room, thus reducing the area thereof by approximately 75 per cent. In addition, our clients have also quite recently similarly reduced the area of the Smoking-room Bar.\n\n7. In our clients' opinion the Ordinance now proposed will not only directly inflict needless pecuniary loss upon them in regard to their \"takings,\" but will also be the cause of their suffering unnecessary inconvenience and hardship.\n\n8. In addition to the inconvenience and hardship entailed upon our clients as above, it is also the fact that the provisions of the Bill are such as to largely add to the possibility of our clients incurring jeopardy in respect of their hereinbefore-mentioned licence.\n\n9. Our clients respectfully submit that no sufficient reason exists to warrant the passing of the proposed Ordinance.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
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        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "CLASS III.\n\nPUBLIC HEALTH.\n\nTotal 1917... Total 1918......\n\n* 788.167 == 5'92 %. 1;13.427 612 *.\n\nTotal Decrease\n\nDecrease.\n\nIncrease.\n\nStipulated Increments. Increase of Salaries New Posts\n\nPersonal Allowance\n\nLanguage Allowances Good Conduct Allowances\n\n2. Sanitary Department.\n\nHigher Exchange.\n\nPersonal Emoluments.\n\n2,519\n\n502 10, 104 150\n\nReduction on New Appointments..\n\nPersonal Allowance\n\nHouse Allowance\n\nGood Conduct Allowances\n\n*\n\nDecrease.\n\n790\n\n1937\n\n360 1,440\n\n81\n\n$ 6,040\n\n1.--Medical Department.\n\nPersonal Emoluments.\n\n$\n\n13,049\n\nX\n\n3,017\n\nOther Charges,\n\nBath-houses:\n\nStipulated Increments\n\n.8\n\n3,516\n\nHigher Exchange\n\n826\n\nFuel\n\n1,000\n\nAmbulances, Collins, Dead Vans,\n\nand Dead Boxes...\n\n500\n\nIncrease of Salaries\n\n81-4\n\nReduction on New Appointments..\n\n3,991\n\nNew Posts\n\n8,089\n\nAbolition of Posts\n\nIncidental Expenses\n\n20\n\n0.201\n\nDust and Water Carts\n\n500\n\nCemeteries, Incidental Expenses...\n\nCompensation for Damages by Dis-\n\n75\n\nAllowance for X-Ray Work.\n\n300\n\nHouse Allowances..\n\n180\n\nHouse Allowances,\n\n300\n\nAllowances for Fuel and Light\n\nLaunch, Steam Barges, and Lighters :--\n\ninfection and Cleansing\n\n200\n\n168\n\nCoal\n\n11,500\n\nCoolie Labour\n\n700\n\nLunch Allowance\n\n180\n\nPeak Allowances to Sisters\n\n360\n\nStores\n\n100\n\nDisinfectants\n\n3.400\n\nGood Conduct Allowances\n\n162\n\nGood Conduct Allowances\n\n24-1\n\nNightsoil Receptacles\n\n500\n\nDisinfecting and Cleansing Ap-\n\nPaint. Turpentine, &c..\n\n300\n\nparatus\n\n250\n\n14.015\n\n$\n\n15,270\n\nPurchase and Maintenance of Bul-\n\nDisinfectors\n\n3.30\n\nlocks\n\n150\n\nHead Stones\n\n250\n\nOther Charges.\n\nVeterinary Staff :--\n\nLight:-\n\n1. Staff:\n\nB. -Hospitals and Asylums\n\nAnimal Depôts and Slaughter-\n\nSmall Markets\n\n(500\n\nPeak Allowances to:\n\nCivil Hospital :--\n\nhouses, Incidental Expenses\n\n100\n\n3 Sisters, I at $180, and 2 at\n\n$60 each\n\nIncidental Expenses .....\n\nSONY\n\nWestern Market, X, & S. Blocks Veterinary Staff:\n\n1,100\n\n200\n\nMedical Comforts\n\n200\n\n1 Probationer\n\n...\n\nVictoria Hospital for Women and\n\n11,760\n\nAnimal Depôts and Slaughter-\n\nhouses, Light\n\nRent of Dispensary, Kowloon.\n\n132\n\nChildren :-\n\nB-Hospitals and Asylums:\n\nMedical Comforts\n\n30\n\nTotal increase\n\n$\n\n28,709\n\n* 7.775\n\nCivil Hospital:\n\nDeduct Decrease\n\n11,692\n\nBedding and Clothing.\n\n2,000\n\nTotal Decrease ....\n\n11,002\n\nCleansing Materials\n\n1,000\n\nNet Increase\n\n17,017\n\nFuel and Light\n\n2.700\n\nMedicines and Surgical Ap-\n\npliances\n\n1,000\n\nProvisions for Patients.\n\n1.000\n\nRepairs to Steam Barges, &c.................\n\n8\n\nSpecial Expenditure.\n\n3,000\n\nUpkeep of Dental Clinic\n\n750\n\nUpkeep of Piano in Sisters'\n\nQuarters\n\n30\n\nTotal Increase\n\n$ 5,000\n\nRemoval of Ceilings. New Motor Refuse Lighter\n\nTotal Decrease\n\n...\n\n4,000\n\n35,000\n\n30,000\n\n3,000\n\nUpkeep of X-Ray Apparatus..\n\n260\n\nVentilation\n\nof\n\nOperating\n\nNot Decrease.\n\n36,000\n\n'Theatre\n\n1,50\n\nLunatic Asylum:-\n\nBedding and Clothing..\n\n200\n\nFuel and Light..\n\n200\n\nProvisions for Patients\n\n500\n\nKennedy Town Hospital :\n\nProvisions, &c.\n\nVictoria Hospital for Women\n\nand Children :--\n\nStipulated Increments\n\nIncrease of Salaries\n\n3. Botanical and Forestry Department.\n\nGood Conduct Allowances\n\nPersonal Emoluments,\n\n112\n\nHigher Exchange..........\n\n36\n\nGood Conduct Allowances\n\n19\n\n189\n\nBedding and Clothing...............\n\n200\n\nFuel and Light....\n\n100\n\n91\n\nNew Territories:\n\nRent of Quarters and Dispen-\n\nsury,\n\n180\n\nC-Office of Health Officer of\n\nPort\n\nLaunch: Coal.......\n\n1.100\n\nD.—Institutes :\n\nBacteriological Institute and\n\nMortuaries --\n\nAnimals and Fodder..\n\n130\n\nTotal Increase\n\nDeduct Decrease\n\nFuel and Light.\n\n80\n\nPreparation of Viri, Vac-\n\ncines, and Sera\n\n150\n\nE-Government Laboratory:\n\nApparatus and Chemicals\n\n250\n\nFuel and Light.\n\nXU\n\n14.772\n\n$\n\n150\n\nTotal Increase\n\n28,787\n\nDeduct Decrease.\n\n16,420\n\nTotal Decrease\n\nOther Charges.\n\nImprovements to Fanling Golf\n\nCourse Incidental Expenses.\n\n1,000\n\nEconomic Investigations ..........\n\n30\n\n1,030\n\n1,367\n\n1-11\n\nNet Increase.............. $\n\n1,226\n\nSpecial Expenditure.\n\nClearing Brushwood, Mt. Keller,\n\nPeak District Laying out grounds Ellis Kadoorie\n\nSchool for Indians..\n\n200\n\nTotal Decrease...$\n\n1650\n\n50\n\n50\n\nTotal Decrease.....\n\n&\n\n14!\n\n...\n\n16.420\n\nNet Increase\n\n12.367\n\n96",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
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        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nfor receiving Time Signals by Wireless Telegraphy\n\nUnder Miscellaneous Services there is an increase of $1,000 in Coal for Offices due to increase in cost. Various small decreases occur due to higher exchange and the sum of £30 formerly given to the Department of Chinese in London University has been transferred to the recently founded School of Oriental Studies, London Institution. The vote for Loss on Subsidiary Coins, which stood at $300,000 for the current year, has been omitted for 1918 as withdrawals from circulation have now ceased. Economies have been made in Electric Fans and Light and the vote has been reduced by $1,000. The vote of $2,200 for a new Edition of General Orders has been omitted, as under the pressure of war conditions it is uncertain when a new edition will be produced. The vote for Rent Allowances has been increased by $27,000 to provide House Allowances to the Senior Service pending the erection of quarters. A reduction of $7,000 is made in Telegrams, due to the arrangement whereby the public are now charged for telegrams sent on their behalf. Savings of $1,600, War Expenditure are shown under Prisoners of War, while the votes for Cable and Postal Censorships have been increased for the reasons given in Appendix I. Under Imports and Exports Department, I have explained the need for the vote for Special Expenses of the Imports and Exports Department. The vote for Special Expenses of the Pass Office, Police Department, is intended to cover the travelling and overtime allowances of the Assistant Superintendent of Police in charge, his salary being provided under an acting appointment.\n\nIn the Supreme Court the 2nd Grade Assistant Interpreter and the 3rd Grade Clerk and Translator having both passed their 1st Grade Interpreter's examination have been promoted to 1st Grade. A reduction of $2,000 has been made in the vote for travelling expenses of watchmen and the temporary engagement of extra watchmen.\n\nIn the Magistracy, a new appointment to the office of 1st Police Magistrate produces a slight reduction in Personal Emoluments.\n\nUnder District Officer an increase in Personal Emoluments arises from the appointment as District Officer of an officer on a sterling salary. The votes for Transport for both districts have been increased by a total sum of $800, which is chiefly due to the increase in cost of launch hire.\n\nIn the Attorney-General's Office the 2nd Grade Clerk has been promoted to 1st Grade for the reasons set out in Appendix III.\n\nThe salary of the Assistant Crown Solicitor shows a decrease due to a new appointment while the Duty Pay of the Official Receiver and Registrar of Trade Marks has been reduced from £150 to £100, the usual duty pay attached to a Class III post.\n\nIn the Police Department under Personal Emoluments provision is again made for only 79 European Constables and a saving of $77,479 is shown. Less than 59 members of the Police Force have gone to the front, of whom I regret to say ten are reported to have been killed in action, while two Police Officers have been seconded for service under the Government of India for the duration of the war.\n\nSince I addressed you last year the members of the Police Reserve under Deputy Superintendent Jenkin have continued to perform their duties in an exemplary manner. Both the discipline and morale of the Force are excellent, and I feel that the community is greatly indebted to these men for the valuable and gratuitous services that they render.\n\nUnder Other Charges an increase is shown of $2,000 for the Clothing and Accoutrements of the Police Reserve, the Government having undertaken to supply the uniform and equipment of the Chinese Section, hitherto borne by voluntary contributors. The votes for Coal for Barracks and Coal and Oil Fuel for Launches and Boats have been increased by $29,825 due to the higher cost. Grants of $1,500 and $1,800 are included for the Police Reserve Band and for the Rent of Police Reserve Headquarters. Decreases of $1,000 each are shown under Ammunition and Arms, while the vote for Equalisation of Exchange on Indian Police Remittances has been reduced by $6,000. Since the installation of the Police at Castle Peak, the services of eight scouts have been dispensed with and the vote in aid of the Village Scout Scheme is accordingly reduced by $180. Passages and Bonuses in lieu of passages has also been reduced by $4,000.\n\nIn the Fire Brigade the increase in the cost of Coal and Oil Fuel has necessitated an increase of $1,410 in Other Charges.\n\nIn the Prison Department two additional temporary Indian Warders have been appointed to replace European Warders who have proceeded on active service. Under Other Charges the vote for Incidental Expenses has been subdivided and to the vote for Furniture are now debited articles made by prisoners for the Gaol. The votes for Clothing and Shoes for Staff and Clothing for Prisoners have been increased owing to the higher cost of materials. A reduction of $860 has, however, been made in other votes.\n\nIn the Botanical and Forestry Department a sum of $1,000 has been provided for Improvements to Fanling Golf Course. This is for the purpose of top-dressing the fairways and improving the turf. The good effect of this policy is already apparent. The work of planting the hills in the neighbourhood of the Golf Course has made good progress during the past year.\n\nThe net increase under the head is $6,995.\n\nIn the Medical Department, it has been decided to leave in abeyance for the present the post of Superintendent of the Civil Hospital, and one additional Medical Officer has therefore been included. It is unlikely, however, that the post will be filled in 1918. The salaries of all Nurses and Probationers have now been transferred from the heading Hospitals and Asylums and placed under Staff. In Other Charges, provision is made for the Rent of a new Dispensary for the Medical Officer, Kowloon.\n\nOwing to the employment of Japanese nurses the Interpreter formerly employed in interpreting for Japanese patients is no longer required. One Chinese Wardmaster has been added to the Lunatic Asylum owing to the absence of European Wardmasters on active service. A net increase of $8,050 is included in Other Charges, Hospitals and Asylum, to meet the increased cost of commodities. New votes of $750 and $1,559 are inserted for the Upkeep of the Dental Clinic, and for the Ventilation of the Operating Theatre. The vote for the Upkeep of the X Ray Apparatus has also been increased by $260. An increase of $180 is inserted for the Rent of New Quarters and Dispensary for the Medical Officer, New Territories.\n\nThe vote for Coal for the launch of the Health Officer of the Port has been increased by $1,100 to meet the rise in price.\n\nUnder the Department of the Director of Education it will be noticed that six Student Teachers are inserted. It is intended to send three Student Teachers to the University each year; three have already entered and three more will enter next session. They will pass through the regular course at the University and at the same time receive training as teachers from the Normal Master. It is hoped thereby to improve considerably the teaching of English by Chinese Masters.\n\nIn Queen's College one Assistant Mistress has been appointed to replace an Assistant Master, while two other ladies are at present employed in place of a master on active service, and being paid out of lapsing salaries. Two Chinese Masters have been appointed to Kowloon British School and Victoria British School for the reasons shown in Appendix III. In Victoria British School provision is made for one Assistant Mistress in place of one 3rd Grade Assistant Mistress.\n\nUnder Other Charges small increases are shown under Kowloon British School and Victoria British School for University Examination Fees, as these schools now present pupils for the Entrance Examinations for the Hong Kong University. The Capitation Grants and University Examination Grants have been increased owing to an increase in the number of pupils at the various Schools. The scheme of subsidies to schools in the New Territories having proved successful, the vote has been increased by $900.\n\nIn the Sanitary Department a new appointment to the post of Secretary causes a slight reduction in Personal Emoluments. Half salary is again provided for the Assistant Medical Officer of Health as the post will not be filled in 1918. The establishment of the Sanitary Inspectors at a salary of £165 rising to £225 by £15 biennially has now been completed by two new appointments. Provision for twelve only was made last year. Additions made to the Sanitary Staff owing to the increase in the duties to be performed are shown in Appendix III.\n\nUnder Other Charges it has been necessary to raise the amount provided for Coal owing to the increase in cost and the ...\n\nWith a view to carrying out the recommendations of the recent Committee on the Teaching of English in the Hongkong Schools a vote of $1,350 is inserted under Special Expenditure in order to improve the equipment of the District Schools.\n\nUnder Military Expenditure the contribution to the Imperial Government is estimated to amount to $2,721,412.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 113,
        "title": "CO129-444 - Governor Sir May & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1917 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "99\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nII. E. THE GOVERNOR--The object of the Bill is not to stop drinking. The Colonial Secretary never said a word about that.\n\nHON. MR. S. H. DODWELL-I grant you it is a measure which is in force at Home, but you know, Sir, as well as I do the reasons for it at Home, and that they do not exist in this Colony.\n\nHON. MR. H. E. POLLOCK-I am convenient or understand hotel-keeping myself, but compradores. This has been stopped with broadly and generally, it is obviously excellent results. I can hardly credit the undesirable to multiply classes of offence presume that these letters, which are written, no doubt, after conference with hotels taking the place of those com- for which men can be hauled up before the managers of the hotels. represent pradores, and if they do, that is the a Police Magistrate and fined, and it is affair and they will suffer for it. During particularly undesirable in regard to a régime, Sir, I maintain that you matter like this, which affects strangers bring in charge of these two big hotels, have done the maximum that any coming within our gates who, whatever Governor could do in the interests of may be thought of residents of this may be taken as reasonably competent sobriety. You have pushed on the Colony, cannot be expected reasonably to judges of how hotel business should be improvement of the roads; you have taken be acquainted with the laws of this carried on and what is a deep interest in and greatly facilitated Colony. And yet, Sir, what do we and convenient in carrying on such business. the making of our golf course at Fanling: We find that under Clause 5 of this Bill, before reading the letters I should make a remark in answer to what the Colonial in fact you have done everything to widen it is positively and solemnly proposed not the scope of healthy outdoor exercise and that every buyer who does anything Secretary, said about the directors of hotels. I have spoken to two of the do away with that cooped-up feeling, wrong, or anything known to be wrong. which in the past must have been a great should be punished. but that a buyer shall they felt in their hearts as the Colonial directors of the Hongkong Hotel, and if incentive to intemperance. Don't belittle be punished because seller does koffie- it now, Sir, with this poor impotent little thing wrong. Clause 5 reads, Every Secretary supposed all I can say is that what they said to me, and the clear and Bill.\n\nperson to whom any liquor is supplied in contravention of this Ordinance shall also definite views they gave me personally, are absolutely at variance with their supposed views as pictured by the lively imagination of the Colonial Secretary. be guilty of an offence against this Ordinance.\" If a seller supplies liquor contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance the fault of the seller is, by an extraordinary tour de force, transferred to the shoulders of the possibly innocent buyer coming into the Colony in ignorance of its peculiar law. It is a peculiar law, for it is proposed by Clause 5 of the Bill that a stranger within our gates, assuming that the hotel boy mistakes him and we know that very often there are cases of two people being like one another-for a resident of the hotel and does not ask him for cash-then, Sir, not only is the seller liable but the buyer also is liable to get run in.\" If the seller commits an offence then the buyer has to be run in and will also be guilty of an offence.\n\nWell Sir, understand that the Colonial Secretary does not now wish to raise any point concerned with an attempt to restrict the sale of liquors, and, therefore, it all boils down to that wonderful and very nice brown bag which he produced just now full, apparently, of rather musty-looking chits from which it would appear that one hotel has suffered considerable loss. The Colonial Secretary now bases his plea on the question of protecting the hotel-keeper. Well, Sir, I think that one can safely assume that that particular hotel is not one of the two leading hotels in the City of Victoria, for the reason that I am able to read to the Council, and certainly shall do so, letters of protest from the two largest hotels in the City the Hongkong Hotel and the King Edward Hotel. These hotels certainly do not view this Bill as a boon; they regard it from a quite contrary point of view. I do not pretend\n\nopposed to this Bill, and with reference to the reasons for the Bill, Sir, I certainly understood the Colonial Secretary to make some remarks on the question of promiscuous drinking. I do not see how his words could be interpreted in any other sense than that the Bill would tend to lessen drinking. But, now, Sir, I understand he wishes to disclaim that point. If that is so, we do not wish him to hold to anything which he wishes to disclaim. With regard to the question of the reasons of this Bill, I would point out that in the statement of Objects and Reasons, where we should naturally look for those reasons, the reasons are conspicuously absent. I would also point out, Sir, that that is a very grave and serious omission. Unofficial members ought not to be obliged to wait for the second reading of the Bill before the Government discloses its reasons for the measure. It is not much good, Sir, publishing the Bill for some time previously in the Gazette merely stating the objects aimed at-because any competent lawyer can more or less set the objects aimed at and leaving out all mention of the reasons aimed at. Of course, for every Bill that exists it is desirable there should be good and sufficient reasons. I think every member of this Council will admit that,\" speaking\n\nHON. MR. POLLOCK - Well, with regard to the Hongkong Hotel, I will read their letter, or rather the letter which was written on their behalf by Messrs. Deacon, Harston, their solicitors, on the 27th of last month, with reference to this Bill. I think it is necessary to read the letter because, with all due deference, I think the Colonial Secretary has given us rather a travesty of their views. The letter is as follows:--\n\nHongkong, 27th September, 1917.\n\nSIR,-We have the honour to address you in regard to the above Bill on behalf of our clients, the Hongkong Hotel Co., Ltd.\n\n1. Our clients are the holders of a Publican's Licence granted by the Hongkong Government and have continuously held such licence or its equivalent for the period of 50 years.\n\n2. The fee payable in respect of such licence at the present time is $3,500 per annum.\n\n3. During the period of 30 years referred to in the preceding paragraph that portion of our clients' business\n\n100\n\nwhich relates to the supply of intoxicating liquor has been very largely carried on by means of what is known as the \"chit system\" whereunder the purchaser is supplied with the liquor desired by him in exchange for an order in writing signed by him.\n\n4. Our clients' experience under the above system-save in a comparatively infinitesimal number of instances-has been such as to enable them to say that the system has worked well and has been a great convenience both to themselves and their customers.\n\n5. The intoxicating liquor supplied by our clients to such of their customers as, if the above Bill be passed, will fall within the purview of its restrictive clauses, is served in the following portions of their premises, viz.:-\n\n(a.) The Public Bar.\n\n(b.) The Private Bar.\n\n(c) The Smoking room Bar.\n\n(d) The Kiosk Lounge.\n\n(e) The Large Lounge.\n\n6. Our clients have quite recently removed the Public Bar into a smaller room, thus reducing the area thereof by approximately 75 per cent. In addition, our clients have also quite recently similarly reduced the area of the Smoking-room Bar.\n\n7. In our clients' opinion the Ordinance now proposed will not only directly inflict needless pecuniary loss upon them in regard to their \"takings, but will also be the cause of their suffering unnecessary inconvenience and hardship, for the reasons (inter alia) that it will be requisite for our clients to provide additional members to their staff in order to \"shroff\" and \"check\" the money which will be received in lieu of \"chits\" as heretofore, and to ensure that no intoxicating liquor is supplied to any customer who is not residing at the Hotel \"-in which respect It must be remembered that the Hotel is patronised not only by permanent residents but also by transient residents and casual visitors.\n\n8. In addition to the inconvenience and hardship entailed upon our clients, as above, it is also the fact that the provisions of the Bill are such as to largely add to the possibility of our clients incurring jeopardy in respect of their hereinbefore mentioned licence.\n\n9. Our clients respectfully submit that no sufficient reason exists to warrant the passing of the proposed Ordinance, and in this relation our clients would observe that this view is supported by the fact that under the\n\n109",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 109,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Lai-Chi-Kok Camp\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of six thousand dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, New Territories, Miscellaneous, (45) Miscellaneous Works.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This expenditure was incurred mostly in connection with Lai-Chi-Kok camp.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Training Nullahs\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of eight thousand five hundred dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, Hongkong, Drainage, (7) Training Nullahs, (5)—General Works.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This vote includes a number of small works. Chiefly the money is needed for training a nullah at Happy Valley.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Rainstorm Damage\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of two thousand seven hundred dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Recurrent, Hongkong, Miscellaneous, (17) Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is an equivalent vote to that for the New Territories for damage caused by land slides and so on.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Charitable Services\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of six hundred dollars in aid of the vote Charitable Services, Other Charitable Allowances.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is a grant to the widow of Mr. Jones who was for a long time first Boarding Officer of the Harbour Office. Mr. Jones was not a contributor to the Widows and Orphans Fund.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Alice Memorial Hospital\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of five hundred dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Recurrent, Hongkong, Miscellaneous, (17) Typhoon and Rainstorm Damages.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is in respect of a retaining wall of the Alice Memorial Hospital. The retaining wall gave way after the rains and it had to be repaired at a cost of $1,400. As the hospital is a charitable institution very much in need of funds the Government desire to make a grant of $500 towards this expenditure.\n\nHON. MR. SHELLIM - Would it not be possible for the Government to be a little more liberal in this matter?\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - What do you suggest?\n\nHON. MR. HOLYOAK - $1,000.\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER - I do not know that it is right for this to come under Public Works. It is a private matter and should come under Charitable Services.\n\nHON. MR. SHELLIM - We suggest $1,000 should be given.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - I will make a note of that.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## New Territory Police Stations\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of four thousand dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, New Territories, Miscellaneous, (45) Miscellaneous Works.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is mainly for improvements in the New Territories Police Stations.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Replacing Trees\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of one thousand one hundred dollars in aid of the vote Botanical and Forestry Department, Other Charges, Forestry, New Territories.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is mainly to replace a large number of trees killed by frost at the beginning of the year. This is in connection with the scheme for the Government taking over the various ferry services.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Fanling Golf Course\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of one hundred and sixty-four dollars and ninety-eight cents in aid of the vote Botanical and Forestry Department, Other Charges, Improvements to Fanling Golf Course.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is an additional small sum required for the top dressing of the Fanling Course during the summer.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Ferry Services\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of twenty-nine thousand hundred dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, Kowloon, Miscellaneous, Resumption of Ferry Piers.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Launch Repairs\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of five thousand dollars in aid of the vote Harbour Master's Department, D.—Steam Launches, Other Charges, Repairs.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - It was found that one of the launches was in a very bad condition. Instead of buying a new one, it is proposed to re-build her as was done very successfully in the cases of the Stanley and Victoria.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.\n\n## Portuguese Village Scheme\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommended the Council to vote a sum of seven thousand five hundred dollars in aid of the vote Public Works, Extraordinary, Kowloon, Drainage, (33) Training Nullahs, General Works.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN - This is largely in connection with the Portuguese village scheme by the Yaumati railway station. Drainage is required and some minor works.\n\nThe vote was agreed to.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 450,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "the past year, and although there has been a wide range of fluctuations in price, the trading has been generally profitable for both merchants and dealers.\n\nAmerican Cotton in Liverpool was priced at 23.20 pence per lb. at the beginning of the year, and at 29.20 at the close. The highest point reached was 25.94 in September.\n\nThe year opened with Exchange at 3/- T/T. It rose as high as 3/8 in September and closed at 3/4¼.\n\nThe quantity of Yarn (as of all merchandise) coming to the Colony has been considerably below that of former years, but statistics based on values, however, would probably not reveal this conclusively, owing to the high cost of raw materials, freight, insurance, and other charges, which of course swell the value figures as compared with those of quantity.\n\nThe off-take by Southern China has been curtailed owing to the high prices now required for most goods, and to the decreased purchasing power due to war conditions adversely affecting China's export trade.\n\nTrade has suffered by the political chaos that exists in China and there has been a lack of confidence in native circles caused by many of the usual trade routes being infested by pirates and bandits recruited from the disbanded but unpaid soldiery, which has served to check the free flow of goods and money.\n\nThe statistical position of trade in most goods however is sound, and granted settled conditions the prospects of business are encouraging.\n\n## Rope Making\nThe demand for Manila cordage was not so good and the total turnover showed a falling off from that of the previous twelve months. The high cost of raw materials and increased rates of freight were maintained throughout the year and these together with the high exchange greatly affected business with gold standard countries. Not only this but the consumption of rope was naturally affected by war conditions and the demand for cordage especially towards the end of the year fell off considerably.\n\n## Cement Making\nThe demand continued good during the year although there were still difficulties in obtaining freight room and the high exchange interfered to a large extent with exports to gold standard countries. It was necessary to raise selling prices during the year owing to the high cost of coal but on the whole the turnover compares favourably with the last two years.\n\n## Tin\nBusiness in this commodity remained about the same as in 1917. Imports from Yunnan during the year amounted to about 12,500 tons and from Kwangsi to about 200 tons as against 11,000 tons and 200 tons respectively in 1917. From Java 500 tons were imported.\n\nDuring the year about 400 tons were exported to Japan, 1,200 tons to Shanghai and other China Coasts Ports, and 10,700 tons to Europe, Canada, and the United States of America.\n\n## Various Commodities\n| Commodity | Change in Business |\n| --- | --- |\n| Rattan and Fibre Furniture | Declined to $10,000 from $200,000 |\n| Rattan Canes | Export value about $1,600,000 (was $1,500,000) |\n| Grass and Reed | Export value about $230,000 (was $130,000) |\n| Native Tobacco | About the same as in 1917 |\n| Tinned Goods | About the same as in 1917 |\n| Samsu | About the same as in 1917 |\n| Vinegar | About the same as in 1917 |\n| Knitted Vests and Socks | Declined by 20 per cent., prices up 15 per cent. |\n| Leather and Hides | Decrease of over 30 per cent. |\n| Ginger and Preserves | Bad year due to absence of orders from Europe and America |\n| Soy | 400 casks exported (was 950 casks) |\n| Paper | Same level as 1917, prices up 30 per cent. |\n| Vermilion | Business amounted to about $700,000 (was $600,000) |\n| Lard | Declined by 50 per cent. |\n\n## (c) Fisheries\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n## (d) Forestry, Agriculture, and Botany\nAbout 35,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course, over 8,000 in the Cheungshawan catchment area and 1,000 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOn the hills east of the Fanling Golf Course, pine tree seeds were sown in situ from which about 105,000 trees have been raised. At Aberdeen nearly 9,000 pine trees were raised from seeds sown in situ.\n\nPage 446\nPage 450\nPage 451",
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        "document_key": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 451,
        "title": "CO129-454 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1919 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "# \nOn the tops of the hills west of Beacon Hill 77 pounds of pine tree seed were sown broadcast and at Shunwan, 8 pounds.\n\nAbout 25,000 pine tree seedlings were raised in nurseries for planting in 1919.\n\nOver 8,000 broad-leaved trees were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course, 1,046 on Cheung Chau Island, 1,120 above the Pokfulam Conduit, 895 between Deepwater Bay and Repulse Bay, 381 on Mt. Kellet, and 145 near Sookunpo.\n\nSix hundred Ficus creepers were planted in Mt. Kellet Cemetery.\n\nIn Hongkong and Kowloon over 1,500 flowering trees and shrubs, 106 broad-leaved trees and nearly 200 creepers were planted in various places.\n\nAlong the Taipo-Castle Peak Road, trees which had failed were replaced by others. Amongst the failures were about 500 Flame trees destroyed by frost in January.\n\nBetween Santin and Atau 623 trees were planted after the widening of the road had been completed.\n\nSeven hundred and seventy trees (770) and shrubs were planted between the sixth and ninth miles on the Taipo Road where improvements had been effected.\n\nOn the first section of the coastal road from Cheungshawan to Castle Peak 470 trees were planted.\n\nOver 1,000 flowering shrubs were planted around the Fanling Golf Course.\n\nPine tree plantations between Beacon Hill and Lyemun were thinned.\n\nCreepers damaging trees in various plantations in Hongkong were cut.\n\nAbout 3,000,000 square feet of undergrowth were cleared in connection with anti-malarial measures.\n\nIn connection with survey and other works, about 4,500,000 square feet of undergrowth were cleared.\n\nVegetables were grown in the economic garden, Fanling, for demonstration purposes.\n\nThe crops of rice, lichees and peanuts were fair.\n\nSeveral hundred specimens of Kwangtung and other plants were presented to the Department by the Bureau of Science, Manila, and the Canton Christian College.\n\nA few additions were made to the local Flora.\n\n## LAND GRANTS AND GENERAL VALUE OF LAND\n\nThe net amount of premium received from sales of Crown land and pier rights for the year 1918 was $243,530, an increase of $95,444 on the preceding year and $59,538 more than the average for the past five years.\n\nThe principal items were $42,980 in respect of an extension of Kowloon Marine Lot No. 27 and Hunghom Inland Lot No. 218, $25,800 in respect of Aberdeen Inland Lots Nos. 81 to 88, $23,174 in respect of Hunghom Inland Lots Nos. 257 and 258, and $19,116 in respect of Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1357.\n\nIn the New Territories the net amount received for premium on sales of land was $54,052 being an increase of $42,430 on the preceding year.\n\nThe number of deeds registered in the Land Office was 2,922 or 98 more than the preceding year, the total consideration being $47,726,785 as against $42,660,837 in 1917.\n\nThe Government resumed several large areas during the year, including Kowloon Marine Lot No. 83, Kowloon Inland Lot No. 1178, and section A of Farm Lot No. 22.\n\nThe total area of land granted during the year was 890 acres of which 6641 acres were situated in the New Territories; the total area of land resumed was 48½ acres.\n\nIn the Northern District of the New Territories there was rather less demand for house sites and agricultural land but this was more than made up for by increased demand for land for growing fruit and other trees. Applicants have in several cases been allowed to purchase grave sites on the more remote hillsides on condition of planting the neighbourhood with trees, a condition which they are quite ready to accept.\n\nIn the Southern District the demand for land has been about the same as in previous years.\n\n### III.-LEGISLATION\n\nFifteen Ordinances were passed during 1918 of which six were amendments of previous Ordinances.\n\nThe most important matters with which these Ordinances dealt were the Indecent Exhibitions (No. 3), Bills of Exchange (Time of Noting) (No. 4), Claims against Enemies (No. 5), Peak District (Residence) (No. 8), General Military Service (No. 9), Copyright (No. 11), and Opium (No. 13).\n\n447",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 65,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "63\n\nWe may say that a steady rate of 2/8 after the remission for the proceeds of the dollar loan would approximately cover the loss, and just make it worth while to issue the dollar loan.\n\nThe same effect would be produced by a mean rate of 2/8 during the 24 years currency of the loan, provided that this mean was calculated not as a simple arithmetic mean, but with due regard to the fact that the exchange rates during the first years of the period would be far more important than those of later years, because the earlier the remittances the longer time they would have to accumulate at compound interest. If the mean rate, so calculated, should prove to be lower than 2/8, the conversion will result in a profit to the Colonial Government.\n\n6.\n\nSo far the argument is on fairly firm ground. But the question whether the exchange rate of the dollar will follow such a course as to make the scheme profitable or the reverse is a different question, to which we are not in a position to give any confident answer. Normally, in the absence of the prohibition of export of silver and of other artificial restrictions, it may be presumed that the value of the dollar will fluctuate with the price of silver, and the rate of 2/8 for a dollar containing 416 grains of silver of 900 fineness corresponds to a price of about 42d. an ounce for silver. During the first half of 1914 the price of silver varied between 26d. and 28d. but it would be rash in the present state of things to say that it is likely to return in the near future, or indeed ever, to anything like that level; and if any measures were taken to establish a gold exchange standard in China and Hong Kong as has been done in India and the Malay States, the effect might be to divorce the value of the dollar permanently from that of its bullion content. On the other hand, the probability may be very strong that on the termination of war conditions there will be a rapid fall in the price of silver, and that the dollar will fall with it and remain for at least several years at a level well below 2/8. The Colonial Government appear to anticipate some such course of events, and they may be right. The Hong Kong & Shanghai Bank possibly think otherwise, seeing that they are ready to take up the proposed dollar loan. We can only say that we are not in a position to judge.\n\n7. We have assumed so far that it will be possible for us, if the proposed dollar loan is issued, to invest the whole of the proceeds in the purchase at about 75 of Hong Kong 3% stock or similar stock redeemable about the same date. There is, however, not much of such stock offering in the market, the bulk of it being firmly held by investors most of whom are not likely to wish to realise; and it might prove to be necessary for us, in order to attract a sufficient number of sellers, to offer a higher price than 75. Thus, as regards the Hong Kong stock itself, the largest amount held is about £250,000, which is held by us on behalf of the sinking funds of various colonial loans. The stock is a very advantageous holding for this purpose as it is redeemable in 1943, at or about which date a variety of the smaller Crown Colony loans fall for repayment. It was of course for this reason that the investments were made by us, and we should not recommend making any exchange for these sinking funds.\n\n8. Failing Hong Kong stock or equivalent stock, we should have to purchase stock redeemable at a different period and perhaps bearing a different rate of interest, and to rely upon its worth in 1943 or on the hope of accumulating surplus interest in the interval to make up the money acquired for the redemption of the Hong Kong stock when due. This would involve a further element of uncertainty, though we do not wish to suggest that it is sufficient to decide against the scheme if the Colonial Government is prepared to face the much larger risk connected with the dollar exchange.\n\n-2-",
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    {
        "id": 484833,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 211,
        "title": "CO129-463 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "Council\n\n10\n\nLEPIEJ TM\n\nquestion which the hon. member pui at an earlier stage of this meeting. In regard to the same subject the Government as speedily as possible is marking out land in the Ho Mun Tiu district and hope very shortly to come to some arrangement with the parties interested in the building of a geriam number of houses there. It is also marking out land at Kowloon Tong and arrangements there are being advanced as speedy as possible. I think the grant of cheap land and easy communication will very largely solve the housing difficulty. It was found in the recent allotment of money that the large majority of the applicants were men of straw who had no possible security to give. Their only suggestion was that the Government should provide the houses for which they should pay some $25 month. Only one has made a definite proposition and he has been given very cheap land at Fanling and an advance of half the cost of his house.\n\nThe hon. member has learnt with astonishment that no steps have been taken to proceed with the proposed tramway to Wanchai Gap. I, for my part, bear this statement with astonishment, because the unofficial members, who are members of the Public Works Committee of this Council, advised that it should be left out. I would mention that a rough survey has been prepared and a very rough estimate of the cost is two lakhs, without taking into account motive power of any description. We might take power from the Hongkong Electric Company. One reason why it got going on is that sites at Wanchai Gap are being opened up by the new road.\n\nOne of the reasons for the Wanchai Gap Tramway was the inadequacy of the present tramway to the Peak. We are negotiating with the Peak Tramway Company to bring the tram down to Queen's Road and to enlarge the cars to carry nearly double the number of people they now carry. I hope the arrangements made will not necessitate any large increase in fares.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. POLLOCK-I should like to ask when the unofficial members said they advised leaving out the tram to Wanchai Gap.\n\nThe GOVERNOR-During my absence, I think, Mr. Pollock.\n\nThe hon. member also referred to omary land in Nathan Road, Kowloon, and expressed the hope that there would be nearly co-operation between the military and Government on that matter. We can assure him on that point. The project generally is that the military should go over to the other side and that they should give up that area along Nathan Road, known as Whitfield Barracks; that the European troops should be accommodated at Gun Club Hill and King's Park, leaving the golf course intact and that native troops should be to the north and east of Kowloon city. It is hoped that we may be able to take over the military hospital and that a new hospital for the military would be built on one of those hills directly west of the Cement Works. The smoke nuisance will have to be abated. With regard to the U.S.R.U., it is suggested that this should be on the site of the present parade ground at Whitfield.\n\nThese proposals are, of course, purely tentative.\n\nThe Fraya Basin Reclamation is being pushed on as quickly as possible. The preliminary work is very heavy and two engineers are devoting their whole time to the matter. As soon as figures are ready tenders will be called for. The hon. member has expressed the hope that, in order to assist the Kai Tack Reclamation scheme, the Kowloon East ferry service and the motor-bus service should be pushed on. As regards the ferry service, tenders are being called for this week. As regards the motor-bus service, we have referred the proposed schedule and rates to the Kowloon Residents' Association and we are merely waiting till they have given us their views.\n\nThe hon. member suggested appointing a Committee to discuss and report on the feasibility of the Naval Wireless Station Stonecutters being used for commercial purposes and in this connection, I may refer also to the remarks made by the member representing the Chamber of Commerce. The matter has been fully discussed and it will serve no useful purpose to go into it again. It has been pointed out that the station is not powerful enough and the system on which it is run is not fitted for commercial work in the ordinary sense. With regard to the general question, I have here the report of the Imperial Wireless Committee, 1919-20, which considered the whole subject of wireless telegraphy throughout the British Empire. It is apparent to everybody we cannot stand alone. We must have stations linked up in order to get our messages through to England.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY then read several extracts from the report to the effect that stations not more than 2,000 miles apart were recommended, a commencement to be made with the chain ending in Hongkong.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. HOLYOAK-I have read the report very carefully myself. What I wish to emphasise is that we must have a station and we must have it at the earliest possible moment. This morning's paper reports wireless messages between Bordeaux and Shanghai and New York and Manila.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY-In reply to Mr. Lau Chu-pak on the question of the hawkers I am astonished that Mr. Holyoak has expressed his sympathy with the hon. member's remarks. I am surprised because Mr. Holyoak has also stated that Hongkong has not begun to realise that there is such a thing as motor-traffic. The question of hawkers is primarily one of traffic control, and of good order and cleanliness. It is admittedly difficult for the Government to state exactly the number required in the public interest before they transgress into a public nuisance. They admittedly squat with their stalls all about the thoroughfares and litter the place with refuse and add very considerably to the labours of the Sanitary Department in scavenging. They insist on selling their wares in prohibited areas and generally obstruct traffic. Anyone who has been through western Victoria or Yaumati will agree. We have waged incessant warfare to get the streets reasonably clear and I submit it is unfair that we should be asked to issue licences indiscriminately and then put on extra Police to chase them from pillar to post. The Government estimates a revenue of $28,000 on 7,000 licences, as against 9,000 in the present year. It is not proposed to reduce the numbers by taking away licences; all hawkers who now have licences will have them renewed and if there are more than 7,000 applicants for renewal, licenses will be renewed accordingly. Licenses will also be given to applicants in special cases, but they will not be granted to all and sundry. It is not proved that because a license is refused to a person he immediately becomes a criminal but it is true in many cases that a hawker takes...\n\n219",
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    {
        "id": 487108,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## 81\n\n## 10\n\nColton-Liverpool Cotton in January was quoted at 20d. per lb, for spot and during the end of the month it receded a few points and steadily declined until about the end of March it was quoted at 15·86d. for ready and 13·61d. for forward. It then rose steadily with very few set-backs, until the end of July when it was quoted at 21·44d. for spot, 21·71d. and 21·97d. for September/October respectively. It again declined and during September it touched as low as 17·60d. for spot. After reaching this point it again firmed up and steady advanced to 27·50d. at which it was quoted at the end of the year 2017.\n\nThe year opened with Exchange at 3/4. It declined slowly until by the beginning of March it reached 3/0. It then reacted and has steadily risen with a few fluctuations until T/Ts. on London were quoted at 4/10d. at the close of the year.\n\nTrading has been rendered somewhat difficult by the various alterations in the value of the Rupee which in January was equivalent to 1/6 and rose at the end of the year to 2/5.\n\n## Rope Making\nThe demand for Manilla Cordage was fairly good but the total turnover showed a falling off from that of the previous twelve months. The high rates of exchange and freight which ruled throughout the year affected considerably our exports to gold standard countries.\n\n## Cement Manufacture\nThe demand continued good during the year and tonnage was more plentiful. The high exchange again interfered to a very large extent with exports to gold standard countries. On the whole the turnover compared favourably with the last three years.\n\n### (ii)—Under Chinese Management\n\n## Tin\nThis trade showed a decrease as compared with that in 1918. Imports from Yunnan during the year amounted to about 6,800 tons and from Kwangsi to about 200 tons as against 12,500 tons and 200 tons respectively in 1918. From Java 320 tons were imported and from the Straits 2,000 tons.\n\nDuring the year about 250 tons were exported to Japan, 4,200 tons to Shanghai and other China Coast Ports, and 900 tons to Europe, Canada, and the United States of America.\n\n## Rattan and Fibre Furniture\nDuring 1919 the value of rattan and fibre furniture exported from this port increased from $10,000 to $380,000. The value of Rattan Canes exported was about $200,000 and that of Rattan Core and Seagrass was $400,000 and $80,000 respectively.\n\n## Native Tobacco\nThis trade was a little better than that in 1918.\n\n## Tinned Goods\nThe volume of business done during the year showed a slight increase over that done in 1918.\n\n## Samshu\nThe volume of business was about the same as that in 1918.\n\n## Knitted Vests and Socks\nThe volume of business increased by 10% and prices went up about 5%.\n\n## 11\n\n## Leather and Hides\nThe trade in these articles showed a slight increase.\n\n## Ginger and Preserves\nThere was a falling off of about 40% in this trade.\n\n## Soy\nDuring 1919 this trade showed a marked improvement, the total exports having increased to 4,400 casks from 400 casks. This was due to the improvement of shipping conditions.\n\n## Paper\nOwing to large imports from America, prices in 1919 went down about 10%. Imports from Japan declined about 20% and the total imports into this port by about 60%.\n\n## Vermilion\nThis trade was about the same as that in 1918.\n\n## Lard\nThis trade showed a great increase in 1919 as the result of great demand from Europe and South America.\n\n### (c) FISHERIES\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shau Ki Wan, and also many of the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n### (d) FORESTRY, AGRICULTURE, AND BOTANY\n\nAbout 16,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course and 6,450 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOn the hills east of the Fanling Golf Course, pine trees were sown in situ to produce 50,000 trees.\n\nAt Aberdeen, 5,960 pine tree seed sites were re-sown.\n\nOn the Fanling hills, 100 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown broadcast, 50 lbs. on the upper part of the hills between Beacon Hill and Lion Rock on the south side, and 40 lbs. on the north side. Six and half pounds were sown on the new grassy banks of the Chinwan coastal road.\n\nAbout 9,000 pine tree seedlings were raised in nurseries for planting in 1920.\n\n| Location        | Number of Trees |\n| --------------- | --------------- |\n| Fanling         | 2,455           |\n| Cheung Chau     | 3,493           |\n| Pokfulam        | 718             |\n| Chinwan         | 800             |\n| Mount Gough     | 60              |\n| Kowloon Tong    | 48              |\n\nTwo hundred and twenty (220) Ficus creepers were also planted in Kowloon Tong Cemetery, 64 near Shunpo New Recreation Ground, and 135 on Findlay Road.\n\nIn Hongkong and Kowloon, 632 flowering trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity of roads.\n\nTrees which had failed along the Tai Po-Castle Peak Road were replaced by others.\n\n## 9.1",
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    {
        "id": 487124,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 98,
        "title": "CO129-467 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1921 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "## (ii) Under Chinese Management\n\nTin. This trade showed a decrease as compared with that in 1918. Imports from Yunnan during the year amounted to about 6,800 tons and from Kwangsi to about 200 tons, as against 12,500 tons and 200 tons respectively in 1918. From Java, 320 tons were imported, and from the Straits, 2,000 tons.\n\nDuring the year, about 250 tons were exported to Japan, 4,200 tons to Shanghai and other China Coast Ports, and 900 tons to Europe, Canada, and the United States of America.\n\nRattan and Fibre Furniture. During 1919, the value of rattan and fibre furniture exported from this port increased from $10,000 to $380,000. The value of Rattan Canes exported was about $200,000, and that of Rattan Core and Seagrass was $400,000 and $80,000, respectively.\n\nNative Tobacco. This trade was a little better than that in 1918.\n\nTinned Goods. The volume of business done during the year showed a slight increase over that done in 1918.\n\nSamshu. The volume of business was about the same as that in 1918.\n\nKnitted Vests and Socks. The volume of business increased by 10%, and prices went up about 5%.\n\nLeather and Hides. The trade in these articles showed a slight increase.\n\nGinger and Preserves. There was a falling off of about 10% in this trade.\n\nSoy. During 1919, this trade showed a marked improvement, the total exports having increased to 4,400 casks from 400 casks. This was due to the improvement of shipping conditions.\n\nPaper. Owing to large imports from America, prices in 1919 went down about 10%. Imports from Japan declined about 20%, and the total imports into this port by about 60%.\n\nVermilion. This trade was about the same as that in 1918.\n\nLard. This trade showed a great increase in 1919 as the result of great demand from Europe and South America.\n\n### (c) Fisheries\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Freshwater fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n### (d) Forestry, Agriculture, and Botany\n\nAbout 16,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course, and 6,450 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOn the hills east of the Fanling Golf Course, pine trees were sown in situ to produce 50,000 trees.\n\nAt Aberdeen, 5,960 pine tree seed sites were re-sown.\n\nOn the Fanling hills, 100 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown broadcast, 50 lbs. on the upper part of the hills between Beacon Hill and Lion Rock on the south side, and 40 lbs. on the north side. Six and a half pounds were sown on the now grassy banks of the Chinwan coastal road.\n\nAbout 9,000 pine tree seedlings were raised in nurseries for planting in 1920.\n\n| Location        | Number of Broad-leaved Trees |\n| :-------------- | :--------------------------- |\n| Fanling         | 2,455                        |\n| Cheung Chau     | 3,498                        |\n| Pokfulam        | 718                          |\n| Chinwan         | 800                          |\n| Mount Gough     | 60                           |\n| Kowloon Tong    | 48                           |\n\nTwo hundred and twenty (220) Ficus creepers were also planted in Kowloon Tong Cemetery, 64 near Shau Kei Wan New Recreation Ground, and 135 on Findlay Road.\n\nIn Hongkong and Kowloon, 682 flowering trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity of roads.\n\nTrees which had failed along the Tai Po - Castle Peak Road were replaced by others.\n\nBetween Au Tau and Castle Peak, 1,450 Melaleuca were planted on the side of the road which had been recently widened.\n\nSixty-three (63) broad-leaved trees were planted along the completed portion of the Frontier Road.\n\nThe Lok Ma Chow Road, which was completed in 1918, was planted up with 172 Candle-nut trees.\n\nOwing to the widening of the Sheung Shui Road, 22 trees had to be transplanted.\n\nPlanting was continued along the Cheung Sha Wan - Castle Peak coastal road, and 1,993 trees of various kinds were put in.\n\nOne hundred and thirty-two (132) Camphor and 10 Celtis trees were planted between the 4th mile on the Tai Po Road and the level-crossing at Sha Tin, and on the banks of the road, 260 flowering shrubs.",
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    {
        "id": 487989,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 342,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## TOURIST SUB-COMMITTEE\n\nAt the first meeting of the Economic Resources Committee it was generally agreed that the Colony was capable of much development from a tourist standpoint. A Sub-committee was appointed to go into this question, and, after considerable preliminary work, agreed unanimously on the desirability of placing at once the following suggestions and recommendations before the Government. It is obvious that with our natural beauties, assisted by Government and private enterprise, we should be able to compete with Japan, and attract visitors from all parts of the globe. For years past there has been a tendency for visitors to stay here just long enough to allow of a visit to Canton and then rush away. A different aspect has been put on matters in recent years by the advent of the motor car, the building of new roads, the opening of the Repulse Bay Hotel, the development of Fanling with its golf attractions, and so on. Much more could be done, however, and the following suggestions are made to that end.\n\nOn going into the question one is confronted at the outset and continually thereafter by the fact that development from a Tourist standpoint is closely bound up with, and to a great extent hindered, by the existing very pressing problems:\n\n1. The resumption of Military and Naval Ground.\n2. The Housing Problem.\n3. The rebuilding of the City Hall.\n4. Opening up of new Building Sites at Peak and outlying parts of the Island.\n5. Better connection between Hongkong and Kowloon.\n\nIt is, of course, somewhat out of our province to deal with these, except to point out that an additional urgency exists in regard to the prompt tackling of these problems, and obtaining relief from the handicap under which we are at present labouring.\n\nIt should be explained that we intend the term \"Tourist\" not merely to represent the ordinary globe-trotter, but to include:\n1. Commercial travellers.\n2. Businessmen.\n3. Ordinary Tourists-Passengers transhipping.\n4. Residents.\n5. Visitors seeking to benefit their health by a change of climate.\n6. Chinese of desirable type.\n\nThe pre-war globe-trotters have not reappeared in numbers, but as soon as shipping facilities improve we may expect them again in full and increased strength. At present most of our visitors are businessmen. The present rate of exchange, however, appears likely to limit the probable stay of persons not having definite business here.\n\n## ATTRACTIONS\n\nIt must be admitted that for those who are not ordinarily resident and for those who do not play golf, or take an interest in some out of the ordinary pursuits, the Colony has been rather a dull place for visitors. The natural scenic attractions are rather difficult of access, it is difficult for strangers to know where to go, and many do not realize what good things are at hand. For instance, the system of afforestation paths and the wonderful walks to be had along them is little known to strangers. One has often heard residents and visitors complain that there is nothing for them to do at night, and this is a glaring fact. The Theatres and Picture Houses are poor and unattractive, most of the streets are badly lighted, and the night aspect of the City of Victoria is generally a depressing one.\n\n339",
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    {
        "id": 487991,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 344,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## \n4. Sacred Rocks on the way to Kowloon City.\n\n5. New Chinese Garden City on Reclamation at Kowloon City.\n\n6. The Museum,\n\n7. Public Gardens.\n\n8. Statue Square.\n\n9. Sandlewood Mills at Tsin Wan.\n\n10. Pineapple Plantations near Tsin Wan.\n\n11. Walk from Taipo market to Waterfall at Plover Cove Potteries.\n\n12. Golf Course and other attractions at Sheung Shiu.\n\n13. Ride in narrow gauge railway from Fanling to Sha Tau Kok.\n\n14. Walk through gorge from Tsin Wan to Licheekok.\n\n15. Happy Valley.\n\n16. Big Wave Bay Bathing Beach.\n\n17. The Peak Tramway.\n\n18. D'Aguilar Lighthouse and Wireless.\n\n19. The Bowen Road.\n\n20. The Native Departmental Stores.\n\n21. Chinese Hotels.\n\nWe suggest that much in this direction might be accomplished by giving some official in the P.W.D., with initiative and imagination, a free hand to carry out a definite scheme along these lines. The same official (if such paragons are to be found) might also be responsible for the organization of some scheme similar to that of the Welcome Society in Japan, and thus further encourage matters in the direction indicated. This official could further look after the advertising of the Colony. As an alternative to the above, a special Publicity and Tourist Government Department might be established to work the above and various schemes akin to those suggested.\n\nPrivate enterprise should be encouraged, and in connection with the development of many of the places, the natives should be encouraged and instructed how to keep places clean (a hard task) and in repair, and how there is money to be had by tips, sale of souvenirs, refreshments &c.\n\n## A WEST END PARK\n\nThe present park between Bonham Road, Lyttleton Road and Robinson Road could be developed into a fine park in Chinese style, mainly for use of Chinese. Grottoes, Pagodas, Pavilions, all with plenty of seats, should be provided, and various exhibits might be shown here in an artistic Chinese setting, such as sundry war trophies, guns, &c.\n\n## PUBLIC BATHING BEACHES\n\nThe present facilities should be extended and permanent pavilions might be erected. At North Point, the service and general arrangements should be such as to attract visitors. A more substantial public bath should be made with proper diving boards and various accessories of this nature. The beaches should be more effectively cleared of sharp stones, &c.\n\n## FACILITIES FOR PICNICS\n\nThe picnic habit should be encouraged. Public pavilions and shelters should be built near the roadside at suitable spots, or convenient places having scenic views. In at least a few of these shelters, there should be made available a supply of reliable drinking water.\n\n## IMPROVED FERRY SERVICE & COMMUNICATIONS\n\nThe existing Ferry Service needs improving without delay. What is required are Ferries on the lines of the San Francisco-Oakland Service, big boats which can carry wheeled traffic as well as passengers. The Committee know all the difficulties which have been put forward in the past as reasons why larger boats cannot be employed, but are of opinion that the time has come when these will have to be surmounted, as otherwise the development of the mainland will be seriously hindered. Develop the means of access and transport, and the development of places made accessible in this way follows within a few years as a matter of course.\n\nSome years ago, a tunnel scheme through the Peak to the south side of the Island was mooted. This scheme might be revived, and also any other schemes to relieve the present congestion.\n\n## STREET SCAVENGING & REFUSE COLLECTION\n\nThe whole of this work should be done between midnight and, say, 5 a.m. Also, there should be a destructor in some place a little off the beaten track. The present methods of collection of refuse on the Praya are offensive. The Praya from end to end should be kept as free from objectionable sights, trades, etc., as possible.\n\n## QUEEN'S STATUE WHARF\n\nThis has been an admitted eyesore for countless years. The present matshed should be removed and a proper structure erected without further delay.\n\n## RICKSHAW SERVICE\n\nThis is capable of great improvement. All first-class rickshaws should have pneumatic tyres and be more attractive in appearance than the present style. A higher legal scale of fares would be involved, but no objection would be made to this. The existing type of rickshaws could constitute a second-class service.\n\n## HOTELS\n\nThe time is obviously ripe for the establishment of one or more first-class hotels here, similar in style and equipment to the Vancouver Hotel owned and run by the C.P.R. This question is also bound up with the difficulty of securing suitable sites in the Central district, but we wish to emphasize that the matter of providing good hotels is the first essential towards attracting business men and tourists of the right kind. At the moment, all hotels are so crowded that the Manager of Messrs. Thos. Cook and Son reports he frequently has to pack visitors off to Canton the day they arrive, it being impossible to get them sleeping accommodation in Hongkong. As a 1,000 room hotel would probably take 2 to 3 years to build, this matter requires looking into at once, otherwise development will be very seriously retarded. As a result of our enquiries, we have also to point out the very pressing need for at least one large middle-class hotel, and serious attention should be given to this matter at once. The shortage of hotel accommodation is very real indeed, and nothing should be left undone to rectify the present condition of affairs.\n\nIn the above connection, the most suitable site for a new hotel is obviously the old Post Office site. No difficulty would be encountered in getting capital, providing Government is willing to sell the site at a reasonable price, and at the same time relax the building restrictions, so that, say, a 10-storied building could be erected. With Government assistance, local enterprise is capable of accomplishing wonders. Active American interests, backed by practically unlimited capital, are already prospecting with a view to opening a series of hotels in the principal centres of the Orient, and Hongkong should not have to rely on American enterprise to build its necessary hotels. The Colony is quite capable of building and running its own, provided...\n\n341",
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    {
        "id": 488615,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 356,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## (ii).---Under Chinese Management\n\nTin-During the year under review the volume of business transacted was large (about twice that of 1919) but, although the Sterling price was as high as £421 10s. in the early part of the year and as low as £205 10s. towards the close, there was little variation in local prices over the whole year owing entirely to the vagaries in exchange.\n\nImports and Exports for the year, in round figures, were:—\n| Destination/Origin | EXPORTS (Tons) | IMPORTS (Tons) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Straits |  | 300 |\n| United Kingdom | 3,600 |  |\n| China |  | 100 |\n| United States |  | 5,300 |\n| Neth. Indies |  | + |\n| Yunnan |  | 300 |\n| Sundry Ports |  | 300 |\n| Kwangei |  | 400 |\n| Japan |  | 1,500 |\n| **Total** | **13,600 Tons** | **11,200 Tons** |\n\nRattan and Fibre Furniture. In sympathy with practically all lines, 1920 was a bad year for these commodities. The value of Rattan and Fibre Furniture exported was about half of 1919. Seagrass declined to about the same percentage whilst Rattan cord was worse, about 25% of 1919.\n\nNative Tobacco-Only a very small business was transacted during 1920 with declining prices.\n\nLeather and Hides.-These showed a considerable decline; most dealers have lost money and are holding fairly large stocks.\n\nGinger and Preserves. This trade was one of the worst during 1920; exports decreased about 70% in comparison with 1919.\n\nSoy. Only a small business was done and in small lots to regular centres.\n\nPaper-Those interested in this line and who had stocks had a good year as prices rose about 25% in the beginning of this year, due to non-arrival of many orders. During the latter part of the year the market was plentifully stocked at lower prices, but, owing to exchange, local prices remained at the same high level with very little business.\n\nVermillion. Very little done and much less than 1919.\n\nLard. The anticipated demand for 1920 did not materialize and business was bad; a great falling off compared with 1919, although, at one time, the trade looked like reviving owing to heavy purchase from a new source.\n\nTinware Goods-Trade was not as good as 1919.\n\nShameen and Vinegar.-The same remarks as above apply. Knitted Vests and Socks.-These industries are progressing and with the addition of improved machinery will, in time, practically control the Eastern trade. A good business, considering the general slackness, was done; practically the same as in 1919 but the value for 1920 was about $2,500,000 as compared with $3,000,000 in 1919, the shrinkage being due to lower values.\n\n## (c).---FISHERIES\n\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n## (d)—FORESTRY, AGRICULTURE, AND BOTANY\n\nAbout 10,000 pine tree seedlings were planted on the hills in the vicinity of the Fanling Golf Course and 6,450 on Cheung Chau Island.\n\nOn the hills east of the Fanling Golf Course, pine trees were sown in situ to produce 50,000 trees.\n\nAt Aberdeen, 5,960 pine tree seed sites were re-sown.\n\nOn the Fanling hills, 100 lbs. of pine tree seeds were sown broadcast, 50 lbs. on the upper part of the hills between Beacon Hill and Lion Rock on the south side, and 40 lbs. on the north side. Six and half pounds were sown on the new grassy banks of the Chinwan coastal pad.\n\nAbout 10,000 pine tree seedlings were raised in nurseries for planting in 1920.\n\n| Location | Number of Trees Planted |\n| --- | --- |\n| Fanling hills | 2,455 |\n| Cheung Chau Island | 3,493 |\n| near the new Pokfulam Filter Beds | 718 |\n| Chinwan Police Station Hill | 800 |\n| Mount Gough | 60 |\n| Kowloon Tong Cemetery | 48 |\n\nTwo hundred and twenty (220) Ficus creepers were also planted in Kowloon Tong Cemetery, 64 near Sukanpo New Recreation Ground, and 135 on Findlay Road.\n\nIn Hongkong and Kowloon, 632 flowering trees and shrubs were planted in the vicinity of roads.\n\nTrees which had failed along the Tai Po-Castle Peak Road were replaced by others.\n\nBetween Au Tau and Castle Peak, 1,450 Melaleuca were planted on the side of the road which had been recently widened.\n\nSixty-three (63) broad-leaved trees were planted along the completed portion of the Frontier Road.\n\nThe Lok Ma Chow Road, which was completed in 1918, was planted up with 172 Candle-nut trees.\n\n- 17-",
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        "id": 488638,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 379,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## 2.—Sanitary Department.\n\n### Personal Emoluments\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Increase |  |\n| Increments | 21,432 |\n| New Appointments | 171 |\n| New Posts | 15,922 |\n| Revised Clerical Salaries | 9,308 |\n| Good Conduct Allowances | 155 |\n| Rent Allowances | 1,339 |\n| Other Allowances | 360 |\n| Transferred from Other Departments |  |\n| Total |  |\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Decrease |  |\n| Allowances Abolished | 6,000 |\n| Posts Abolished | 264 |\n| Exhumation, Various Cemeteries | 120 |\n| Exhumation:- Kai Lung Wan Cemetery | 2,250 |\n| Sha O Shek | 600 |\n| BO | 94 |\n| Good Conduct Allowances | 51 |\n| Rent Allowances |  |\n| Other Allowances | 10 |\n\n### Special Expenditure\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| 4-wheeled Dust Carts | 1,400 |\n| 34-wheeled Dust Carts | 2,400 |\n| 1 Dust Cart (Hand) | 180 |\n| 10 Bullocks | 700 |\n| 1 Steam Launch | 45,000 |\n| 1 Pig Weighing Machine | 540 |\n| Refuse Junks | 250, 5,600 |\n| 12-wheeled Bullock Cart | 250 |\n| 14-wheeled Bullock Cart | 350 |\n| 4 2-wheeled Hand Carts | 750 |\n| 2 4-wheeled Water Carts | 1,700 |\n| 1 Refuse Barge | 15,000 |\n| 2 Motor Tractors | 20,000 |\n| 10 Trucks | 15,000 |\n\n### Other Charges\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sanitary Staff, Conveyance Allowances | 300 |\n| Both Houses: Coolie Labour | 1,030 |\n| Fuel | 2,500 |\n| Light, Western Market | 500 |\n| Incidental Expenses | 70 |\n| Light | 25 |\n| Rent of Quarters for Scavenging Coolies | 1,100 |\n| Disinfectants | 250 |\n| Disinfecting and Cleansing Apparatus | 1,000 |\n| Dust and Water Carts | 1,300 |\n| General Cleansing, Chinese New Year | 50 |\n| Launches, Steam Barges & Lighters: Coal | 6,000 |\n| Repairs | 2,000 |\n\nTotal Increase | 61,530 | 58,650  \n| Total Decrease | $ 58,650 |  \n| Net Increase | $ 2,880 |  \n\n## 3.—Botanical and Forestry Department.\n\n### Personal Emoluments\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Lower Exchange and Stipulated Increments | 1,581 |\n| New Appointments Allowances Abolished | 168 |\n| New Posts | 3,284 |\n| Revised Clerical Salaries | 476 |\n| Good Conduct Allowances | 96 |\n| Rent Allowances | 60 |\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Purchase & Maintenance of Bullocks | 250 |\n| Refund of Fees for Sanitary Institute Examinations | 100 |\n| Rent of Quarters for Inspector and Sanitary Officers | 20 |\n\n### Other Charges\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Stores | 1,700 |\n| Light |  |\n| Bullock Stables at Victoria and Kowloon | 50 |\n| Disinfecting Stations, etc. | 800 |\n| Public Latrines | 200 |\n| Smaller Markets | 500 |\n| Rat Poison, Rat Traps, etc. | 1,200 |\n| Scavenging Gear, Kowloon | 300 |\n| Transport | 400 |\n| Uniform for Staff | 1,250 |\n| Veterinary Staff |  |\n| Animal Depits & Slaughter Houses: Incidental Expenses | 200 |\n| Light | 100 |\n| Brush Wood Clearing | 2,500 |\n| Improvements to Fanling Golf Course | 1,000 |\n| Motor Meat Van, Running Cost | 2,000 |\n| Field Allowances to Foresters | 400 |\n| Forestry, Hongkong | 750 |\n| Hire of Motor Car | 100 |\n| Incidental Expenses | 100 |\n| Maintenance of Gardens and Grounds | 760 |\n| Transport | 100 |\n| Travelling Allowance to Supervisor | 540 |\n\nTotal Increase | 77,284 | 3,744  \n| Total Decrease | $ 3,744 |  \n| Net Increase | $ 73,540 |  \n\nTotal Increase | 10,843 | 1,270  \n| Total Decrease | $ 1,270 |  \n| Net Increase | $ 9,573 |  \n\nPage 372",
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    {
        "id": 488667,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 408,
        "title": "CO129-469 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "## 400 \n\n## 10 \n\n**HON. MR. HO FOOK:** \n\n**THE VOTE FOR EDUCATION.** \n\nThe Hon. Ho Fook: Sir, I desire to endorse the remarks of my Chinese colleague in so far as they relate to the advisability of giving facilities for the development of the New Territories, removing the Mortuary, and exercising great caution in the banishment of a certain class of British subjects. It will be gratifying to the Chinese community to know that provision has been made in the Estimates for an increase of $58,000 in subsidies to the elementary vernacular schools. Situated, as the Colony is, within a stone's throw of the mainland, compulsory education seems to me to be out of question unless it is enforced simultaneously in China, but I would respectfully submit that it is the duty of the Government gradually to increase the vote for education from year to year until there will be enough schools for all the children whose parents desire to give them some education. \n\n**THE HON. MR. H. W. BIRD.** \n\n**THE HOUSING PROBLEM.** \n\nThe Hon. Mr. H. W. Bird: Sir, I wish to associate myself fully with the words which have fallen from my colleagues and to join in the congratulations to the Government on the Budget which is now before us. I propose to make a few further remarks which may or may not have the approval of the other unofficial members on matters which I consider of importance. \n\n**THE GOVERNMENT CIVIL HOSPITAL.** \n\nI regret to see that further money is to be spent on the Government Civil Hospital, a building which is a standing disgrace to the Colony. It has been said by Government Officials when the question of its removal has been mooted - \"We can't find a site.\" I suggest, Sir, that a portion of Morrison Hill when cut down be utilized for the purpose and that an area sufficient to accommodate the Hospital and Lunatic Asylum be left so that the buildings when completed would be slightly above the others in the neighbourhood. \n\n**NEEDS OF CHILDREN.** \n\nI hope the Government will make a new garden for the Peak children as soon as the new motor road is completed, their principal playground having been destroyed. Will the Government consider the advisability of providing seats in Statue Square so that the children who are so frequently seen in that neighbourhood need not have to sit in the gutters? A policeman might well be stationed there to prevent the seats being occupied by coolies. \n\n**KING'S PARK RIFLE RANGE.** \n\nThe question of the removal of the King's Park Rifle Range should be considered immediately, or failing its entire removal some alteration in the layout of the ranges should be made. Stray bullets, probably ricochets, have been found from time to time in the walls of the Kwong Wah Hospital, and the Steam Laundry, and I have with me a bullet that went through a window in the latter building a few days ago at a height of 5ft 6in. from the ground - about the height of a man's head. A coolie working on the roads in Yaumati was actually struck by a bullet recently and was luckily not seriously injured. It would seem to be possible to alter the direction of the ranges by placing them E. & W. instead of N. & S. as at present. Some change in the layout of the Kowloon Golf Course would probably be necessary.",
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    {
        "id": 489891,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 382,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "381 \n\nThe following is a recent analysis :- \n\n| Volatile matter | Per cent. | 5·717 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Output. |  | 40·635 |\n| Water |  |  |\n| Ash |  | 53·648 |\n| Fixed carbon |  | 3·89 |\n| Sulphur... |  | 0·53 |\n| Nitrogen |  | 1·60 |\n| Specific gravity |  | 1·276 |\n\nThe average daily output of the Fushun mines is at present about 8,000 to 9,000 tons. The colliery, however, has for some months past not been working at full strength, as the company have been obliged to reduce production owing to decreased sales resulting from the business depression of last year and the consequent accumulation of considerable stocks, variously estimated to amount to from 400,000 to 1,000,000 tons.\n\nThe total quantity of coal mined during the working year 1920, i.e., from April 1920 to March 1921, is stated to have been 8,129,835 tons, and these figures show an increase of over 200,000 tons as compared with those for the previous year. The output for each of the fourteen years during which the colliery has been operating under the South Manchuria Railway Company is shown in Annex No. attached to this report, and it will be seen that there has been a steady increase in output year by year, and that the quantity mined during 1920 was nearly four times as great as that mined during 1910. The plant is at present said to be capable of an output of 10,000 tons a day, and this figure was actually reached during the autumn of last year, though, as already stated, the mines are not now working at full strength, and the output has been considerably reduced.\n\n## Labour\n\nThe labour employed at the mines is, of course, mainly Chinese, the great majority of the miners coming from the province of Shantung. Few of them remain long at the mines, six months being about the average stay, after which the men return home. The colliery, however, has little or no difficulty in securing an adequate supply of labour as there are always plenty of coolies travelling to Manchuria in search of employment and, when necessary, men are sent to recruit coolies in Shantung.\n\nSo far there has been no serious labour trouble at the mines, though some time ago there was some talk of a cessation of work among the miners unless their wages were raised. Trouble was, however, averted by compliance with the miners' demands.\n\nWork is carried on night and day in two shifts, the total number of men employed being at present about 10,500, of whom 8,000 are Chinese. The latter are paid in silver, receiving on an average about 50 cents a day. The present rates of wages paid (in gold yen) are as follows:-\n\n|  | Japanese |  |  | Chinese |  |  |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Maximum | Minimum | Average | Maximum | Minimum | Average |\n|  | Yen | Yen | Yen | Yen | Yen | Yen |\n| **Above ground Workman** |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Guard.. | 3·02 | 1·80 | 2·32 | 0·64 | 0·39 | 0·48 |\n| Loader | 3·57 | 1·30 | 2·20 | 1·00 | 0·39 | 0·51 |\n| Coal sorter | 2·64 | 1·20 | 2·20 | 0·70 | 0·93 | 0·50 |\n| Blacksmith | 5·13 | 1·30 | 3·22 | 1·27 | 0·27 | 0·49 |\n| Driller | 2·53 | 2·53 | ... | 6·77 | 0·43 | 0·55 |\n| Surveyor | 3·18 | 1·98 | 2·28 | 0·60 | 0·43 | 0·51 |\n| Carpenter | 3·70 | 2·08 | 2·90 | 1·10 | 0·57 | 0·70 |\n| Loading hand | 2·62 | 1·70 | 2·20 | 0·68 | 0·86 | 0·49 |\n| Miscellaneous | 3·40 | 1·00 | 2·20 | 0·82 | 0·32 | 0·44 |\n| **Underground Workmen** |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Hewer | 3·60 | 1·70 | 2·44 | 1·01 | 0·31 | 0·51 |\n| Timeborman | 9·53 | 2·08 | 2·78 | 0·90 | 0·35 | 0·57 |\n| ... | 3·65 | 2·22 | 2·96 | 0·84 | 0·31 | 0·57 |\n|  | 1·90 | 1·50 | 1·72 | 0·78 | 0·95 | 0·58 |\n|  | 3·02 | 2·00 | 3·19 | 0·07 | 0·48 | 0·57 |\n|  | 3·85 | 1·80 | 2·21 | 0·79 | 0·35 | 0·53 |\n| Flushing hand | 3·55 | 1·08 | 2·55 | 0·80 | 0·40 | 0·50 |\n| Miscellaneous | 3·45 | 1·20 | 2·15 | 0·93 | 0·87 | 0·30 |\n| Carpenter |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Surveyor |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Foreman Trimmer | ::::: |  |  |  |  |  |\n\nThe actual wages (in silver) received by the Chinese employees have not increased much during the last few years, though owing to the high cost of silver prevailing during the greater part of 1919 and 1920 the company's wages bill has, of course, been much higher than it would otherwise have been, e.g., in April 1919 the average wage of the Chinese was 0·56 gold yen; in April 1920, 0·71 gold yen; and in April 1921, 0·48 gold yen. The wages of the Japanese employees, on the other hand, have risen considerably from 1·28 yen in April 1919 to 2·60 yen in April 1921. Present rates of exchange the value of a yen in English currency is about 2s. 6d., so that the wages paid at the Fushun mines compare very favourably with those ruling in the United Kingdom.\n\nAll the Chinese labourers are accommodated by the company in specially constructed quarters, and when at work they are given a certain amount of food every day, while arrangements are made whereby they can obtain meals from kitchens operated by the company at extremely reasonable prices, the cost of such meals being deducted from their wages. They have to work a certain number of full days before they are entitled to receive any money, a system which is found to work satisfactorily, as it tends to counteract a tendency to laziness, which is a common failing of the Chinese coolie.\n\nThe Japanese employees at the colliery are also housed by the company, and practically all the houses in the Japanese portion of the town are heated in winter by a central heating plant. The total Japanese population of the town of Fushun is about 12,000, and the company maintains its own hospitals and schools. There is also an electric tramway service from the railway station to the extreme end of the concession, the line being run in conjunction with that linking up the various workings. The total mileage of the lines in operation is over 40 miles. There are three Germans employed by the company at the mines.\n\n## Markets\n\nAnnexes Nos. 2 to 5 attached to this report show-\n\n1. The total sales of Fushun coal in Manchuria;\n2. The quantity of Fushun coal used by the South Manchuria Railway Company for their own purposes;\n3. The exports of Fushun coal; and\n4. The quantity of Fushun coal used for bunkering vessels during the four years from 1917 to 1920.\n\nExports during the first six months of 1921 amounted to 198,043 tons, over one-third of which was exported during the month of June. The exports in that month included 13,970 tons shipped from Dairen to the United States, the first shipment of its kind that has been made.\n\n## Prices of Coal\n\nThe authorities are naturally inclined to be somewhat reticent in regard to the actual cost per ton of working the coal. From remarks made to the writer, however, at the time of a recent visit to the mines, it may be stated that the cost of mining the coal has risen considerably during the last two or three years. Wages for some time ruled high, while the high prices of machinery, &c., prevailing during the war involved the expenditure of much larger sums than were previously paid. It is not unlikely, therefore, that the cost of working the coal has risen 150 per cent., and a conservative estimate of the cost per ton would perhaps be about 5 yen.\n\nAt the date of writing the retail price of Fushun lump coal at Dairen is 18·10 yen per ton (including retailer's delivery fee). This is more than 100 per cent. higher than the price which ruled for many years prior to the beginning of 1916, viz., 8·30 yen per ton, while for a short time at the end of the winter of 1919-1920 the price was 24·70 yen per ton, the highest figure reached up to the present time. From the autumn of 1920 until the end of January last the price was 24·20 yen per ton; in February it fell to 21·80 yen; and in May it was further reduced to its present figure.\n\n[6785 2-4]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
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    {
        "id": 492117,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "March 25th, 1922.]\n\nPEAK CLUB. Mrs. Bevington and Mrs. Sayer lost all their matches and scored 12 games.\n\nMrs. Grimble and Mrs. N. L. Smith won one and lost three, scoring 18 games. Total: 30 games.\n\nGOLF.\n\nLADIES SECTION.\n\nThe results of recent competitions are as follow:-\n\nELECTIC COMPETITIONS.\n\nHappy Valley. Won by Mrs. Moore\n\nDeep Water Bay. Won by Mrs. Oliver\n\nFanling Relief Course. 41-3=38; 33-6=27; Won by Mrs. Crawford... 96-3=93\n\nTHE DENIS CUP.\n\nWon by Mrs. Adams with the score of 92 nett.\n\nFANLING AND ITS CADDIES.\n\nThose members of the Royal Hongkong Golf Club who went to Fanling last weekend were surprised to find that no caddies offered themselves for employment. Some time ago some of the parents of those boys approached the management of the Club and complained of the high wages the boys were able to earn as caddies. It was thought that the boys had become unmanageable at home owing to the fact that they were able to earn more than their parents, who worked in the fields. This presumption is evidently true to-day, when the boys can afford to stay away when it pleases them from earning easily made money. As will be seen from our advertising columns, the Committee have taken the only course open to them, and members are forbidden to engage local caddies at Fanling until further notice. Private caddies are still doing their duty but as boys at this time may offer themselves for engagement as caddies it is laid down that no new private caddies should be engaged meantime.\n\nMembers are requested to use the course as much as possible—carrying one's own clubs is no great hardship. Private servants or caddies may be brought from Hongkong. The Superintendent has instructions to see that the above rules are strictly enforced.\n\nBILLIARDS.\n\nLuz, 500; Kwok, 474.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\nTHE LAW COURTS\n\nCRIMINAL SESSIONS.\n\nYAUMATI PAWNSHOP ROBBERY.\n\nA great deal of valuable jewellery was displayed in Court on March 20th, when Li Cheung and Ho Yee were indicted, before Mr. Justice Gompertz, for robbery, with an alternative charge of receiving.\n\nMr. A. Dyer Ball prosecuted for the Crown and Mr. Chou, instructed by Mr. F. X. d'Almada, defended Ho Yee. Both prisoners pleaded not guilty.\n\nThe following were empanelled as a jury:- Messrs. E. C. Bell, A. A. Bolton, W. H. B. Muskett, F. A. S. Loureiro, E. Grossman and G. A. E. Musitano.\n\nMr. Dyer Ball said that this was a pawnshop robbery of a somewhat important and serious nature. The robbery was said to have taken place at night, on February 13th, from the Yau Tai pawnshop at 280, Shanghai Street, Yaumati.\n\nIn describing the incidents of the night, Mr. Dyer Ball said the Crown was of opinion that a newly engaged assistant in the pawnshop—Lai Nam Po—was in league with the robbers, admitted them to the premises and was the only one not bound up. The assistant entertained three nocturnal visitors to tea and cigarettes; they suddenly produced revolvers, intimidated the coolies, kept them under guard all night and, with others of the gang who arrived later, went systematically through the valuables in the place and made a big haul. The prisoners were found afterwards in possession of a great quantity of jewellery, identified as having come from the pawnshop. The new assistant could not now be found or he would be in the dock too.\n\nEvidence was then called.\n\nEach prisoner was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment with hard labour and ordered to receive twelve strokes of the cat.\n\nASSAULT AND ROBBERY. Three men who assaulted a boatwoman in order to rob her (and who had a narrow escape at the time from lynch law at the hands of a mob) were sentenced to three years' imprisonment with hard labour and ten strokes of the cat.\n\nMAGISTRACY.\n\nMOTORISTS' RIGHT TO PASS.\n\nMr. H. A. Lammert, who brought a summons about a year ago on the subject of obstruction by slow-driving motorists on the road to Repulse Bay, had a similar complaint to make in the Police Court, on Mar. 21st, with regard to Castle Peak Road. Last time the defendant was a well-known police official; this time it was a Chinese chauffeur. The charge was \"obstructing the roadway.\"\n\nTraffic Inspector Garrod said that on the Castle Peak Road, on Sunday evening, March 12th, the driver of car No. 432 was overtaken by Mr. H. A. Lammert in car No. 391 who alleged that he repeatedly asked, by the usual method of sounding the horn, to pass the defendant's car, which was going along at a very slow pace. The defendant ignored his request and went along at this slow pace for a considerable time.\n\nMr. H. A. Lammert, in evidence, said that when he overtook the defendant's car it was about 100 yards behind another car. He gave three \"toots,\" which was the usual signal for permission to pass. The defendant immediately increased his speed, but still kept to the centre of the road. A man sitting beside the driver turned round to look at him; witness could perceive this through the glass pane at the back of the hood, which was up. On two or three occasions the other car drew ahead of him, and, thinking he had a chance, he sounded the horn. On occasion, the defendant speeded up to the other car, but never gave a chance to pass. In Nathan Road, as the road was wide, he was able to pass.\n\nIn reply to the Magistrate, Mr. Lammert added that his speedometer was out of order, but, reckoning by the time, which was 40 minutes for the nine-and-half miles, he thought the speed he was forced to keep at was between fifteen and twenty miles an hour.\n\nA fine of $10 was imposed.\n\nWHITE-CLOUD MOUNTAIN MURDER CASE.\n\nMURDERER SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS IMPRISONMENT.\n\nThe Canton Times reports that in the final hearing of the Local Court, on March 19th, Chen Bing-sing (Chairman of the Seamen's Guild in Hongkong at the beginning of the recent strike), who murdered his wife at the foot of the White-cloud Mountain about one month ago, was sentenced to imprisonment for a period of twelve years. He was also ordered by the judge to pay $1,300 as compensation to the court policeman, whom he wounded when he was arrested in the Yet Wah Hotel.\n\nChen declares that he will appeal to the Higher Court.\n\nTHE FALKLAND VICTORY.\n\nAIDED BY HONGKONG NAVAL ACTIVITIES.\n\nVice-Admiral Anstruther, who was Commodore in Hongkong during the war, is claiming recognition from the Admiralty for the service he rendered at Hongkong which, he claims, brought about the annihilation of Von Spee's Squadron.\n\n\"I am in a position to know how Von Spee was foiled,\" says Vice-Admiral Anstruther, quoted in the China Express and Telegraph. \"I was in command of the British Naval Forces at Hongkong when the war broke out. My business was to look after the British Naval defences in the Far Eastern waters and to protect the trade routes between Hongkong and Singapore. I say that we, at Hongkong, stopped von Spee's supplies, and thus caused delay and prevented his achieving the object he had in view. All his supplies were at Manila, which was then a neutral port.\n\n\"We sent ships down to prevent the nineteen steamers there getting out. We showed the flag outside that port, and they never did get out. The result was that when Von Spee got to the Marquesas Islands he found himself short of supplies. He was delayed something like four or five weeks before he could get fresh supplies. He had to arrange this by wireless, and he had to get those supplies on the coast of California.\n\n\"The consequence was that he met Cradock on the west coast of South America instead of on the east, where he expected him. If von Spee had got there even 24 hours earlier, Sturdee would have been too late. I say, therefore, it is rather a poor compliment to say that Lord Fisher lured von Spee to the Falkland Islands merely to destroy him in revenge for Coronel. I think that my command at Hongkong did very real service in stopping von Spee's supplies. I have made representations to the Admiralty claiming recognition for that service.\"\n\nSPEEDY AIR AND WATER CRAFT.\n\nThe Daily Mail reports the introduction into French Colonies of powerful river transport machines embodying the features of watercraft and aeroplanes, which have proved most successful. The craft is known as Hydroglisseurs. They have a flat hydroplane hull and are propelled on the surface of rivers at the speed of an express train by means of propellers exactly similar to those of an aeroplane. Cochin China Hydroglisseur reduced what takes some days' journey ordinarily to nine hours. On the Niger a thousand mile journey was accomplished at the average speed of 36 miles an hour.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 207,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "236\n\nTHE HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS &\n\nNEWS.\n\n[September 3rd, 1921.\n\nCABLE MYSTERIOUS CHINESE AFFRAY AT\n\nFRENCH LINER NOT LOST.\n\nUnder the present scheme of allotting the FAR EASTERN Valley for different games at different times golf is not dangerous and accidents should not happen. The only difficulty at the moment is the two tennis courts used by members of the Army, but I am certain that the golfers and tennis-players can settle this little question in a friendly spirit, provided outsiders do not interfere.\n\nThere is a suggestion afoot to start a library of books on golf, and if any members have any such books that they have finished with Mr. A. B. Stewart will be pleased to receive them. Of course no details have been fixed, but I hear the idea is to have the books at Fanling. This, to my mind, would be a mistake. Very few golfers would have time to study them out there. The only people to benefit by them would be those who stay over the week-end—a very small proportion. It appears to me that members would like to take books of this description home to read during the week, and therefore it would be far more beneficial if the books were kept at a central depot in Hongkong.\n\nThe Committee are at present compiling a small booklet of revised local rules, bye-laws, etc., for each course. The booklet will also contain a facsimile of the medal cards for each course, giving the names of each hole, with, of course, the length and bogey. The names for the old course at Fanling will remain as they stand, but the new course, Happy Valley and Deep Water Bay are receiving brand new names. At the time of writing the only new names available are those for Happy Valley, which I give below:\n\n1st hole, \"The better 'ole\"; 2nd, \"The Gap\"; 3rd, \"The Corner\"; 4th, \"Black rock\"; 5th, \"The Monument\"; 6th, \"The Turn\"; 7th, \"The Long hole\"; 8th, \"Mile end\"; 9th, \"The Hut.\"\n\nA well-known firm in Hongkong are having a thousand copies of the rules and etiquette of golf, amended up to date, printed, and these they are generously presenting to the Golf Club, so I presume that every member will be supplied with a copy. There will be no excuse, then, for the indiscretions which are far too numerous on the Hongkong course!\n\nThey are making great headway with the new verandah at Deep Water Bay; and I hear that some of this course's patrons have offered to build an additional one on top of the one at present under construction. This will greatly add to the comfort of players during the hot weather, and further relieve the congestion.\n\nThe re-constructed fourth hole on this course is now finished and is a great improvement on the old one.\n\nI believe the Committee are busy trying to draft a scheme to simplify the booking of times at Fanling. It is a difficult problem and one which will never be solved to the satisfaction of everybody. Personally, I do not envy them their job, and I doubt very much whether they will be able to do anything at all without a deal of extra expense, which is the one thing they are trying to avoid. If the railway had electric trains to carry 20 people only, ran one every forty minutes, and would issue tickets for specified trains beforehand, I think the problem would be solved! But will the Railway do it?\n\nSHANGHAI, August 26th. The French liner Cordillere marvellously righted herself late on Wednesday night and the captain, officers, and crew were enabled to go aboard. The rudder was broken by the bumping she got. Her previous list was to starboard. Early yesterday morning the list was ten degrees to port. She is still in a dangerous position, as are also the Glaucus and Hendrik. The Glaucus is on her maiden trip from Liverpool.\n\nSeptember 2nd.\n\nThe Glaucus got off this forenoon.\n\nY.M.C.A. IN SHANGHAI.\n\nSHANGHAI, August 30th. The national war-time council of the Y.M.C.A. in America has donated three hundred thousand gold dollars for the club and property acquired in Shanghai. Work begins soon.\n\nTORONTO, August 29th.\n\nFour Chinese crew of the Dominion Coal Company's steamer Maskinonge were killed, and 2 wounded, by revolver shots in the forecastle of the steamer, which had anchored near Quebec. No weapon was discovered. The surviving Chinese refuse to throw light on the affray.\n\nORIENTAL LABOUR IN CANADA.\n\nTORONTO, August 29th. The Dominion Trades and Labour Congress has passed a resolution in favour of the exclusion of all Oriental immigrants permanently.\n\nCHINESE LABOUR IN UNITED KINGDOM.\n\nLONDON, August 31st. That a capitalist boss was behind the importation of Chinese into Canada and the United Kingdom was the opinion expressed by a Magistrate at Pontypridd, to-day, when three Chinese were charged with landing in the United Kingdom without permission of the immigration officer at Liverpool; and were ordered to be detained in custody in the second division for a month, with a view to arranging for their deportation.\n\nA SHANGHAI BANKRUPTCY.\n\nMr. Cecil Humphreys, merchant of Shanghai, yesterday underwent a public examination for bankruptcy before Judge Grain in the British Supreme Court. The Magistrate declared that a great amount of money was given for securing the services of Chinese on the Pacific coast and along the coasts here. A huge business was being done in this way in British Columbia, and certain Chinese were making fortunes very rapidly by getting young Chinese into England. The petitioning creditor was the Bank of China. Mr. P. W. Goldring represented the debtor. A statement of affairs places the assets at $2,050 and the estimated liabilities at $520,000. Mr. Humphreys attributed his losses to bad judgment, the tremendous fall in exchange, and general bad trade conditions. His original capital, he said, approximated $150,000. The examination was adjourned.\n\n[THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.]\n\nMARSHAL JOFFRE'S VISIT TO JAPAN.\n\nPARIS, August 24th (delayed.) Marshal Joffre has postponed the start of his voyage to Japan until the end of the year.—Havas.\n\nYAP DISPUTE SETTLED.\n\nLONDON, August 29th.\n\nThe protracted dispute between the United States and Japan, as regards the mandate given to the latter by the League over the Island of Yap, to which the United States objected, is now settled.\n\nAccording to the Morning Post's Washington correspondent, the United States has accepted the Japanese offer to concede cable facilities and control, instead of agreeing to the proposed internationalisation of the island.\n\nNEW FRENCH AMBASSADOR TO JAPAN.\n\nPARIS August 27th (delayed). M. Paul Claudel, the new Ambassador to Japan, will sail on September 2nd. In an interview with the Excelsior, M. Claudel expressed himself as proud and sincerely pleased to represent France in the country of an allied nation, whose civilisation he greatly admires and in whose destiny he firmly believes. The new Ambassador states that all his efforts are to be devoted to rendering still more intimate the intellectual bonds between France and Japan.—Havas.\n\nPACIFIC CONFERENCE AND SOUTH CHINA'S APPLICATION.\n\nLONDON, August 31st. Advices from Washington indicate that the pressing application of South China to be admitted to the disarmament conference is not likely to find favour with the American Administration, which is disposed only to recognise the established Government.\n\nTHE PRINCE OF WALES TO VISIT HONGKONG.\n\nLONDON, September 1st. According to the present arrangements, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales concludes his tour in India, approximately, on March 17th, and is calling at Singapore, Hongkong, and, possibly, Penang en route for Japan.\n\nFAMINE COMMITTEE AND A BANK FRAUD.\n\nA Peking message says:-The United International Famine Relief Committee has asked H.E. President Hsu Shih-chang to aid that organization in recovering $80,000 lost through the Yu Feng Bank, which closed its doors the day after the Society had deposited $150,000 for transmission from Peking to Sianfu for use in relieving famine there.\n\nThe petition, signed by members of the committee, charges that the bank officials knew when the money was accepted that the bank was to close its doors and that the act of receiving the money was fraud and that all of the funds should be returned.\n\nThe petition further says that the Society has been able to get $70,000 from the officials, but asks the President to use his influence with the police and other authorities to see that the remainder of the money is returned.\n\n178",
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        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "September 3rd, 1921.]\n\nLOCAL SPORT.\n\nTENNIS.\n\nGARRISON LEAGUE.\n\nThe following are the results of matches played during the week in the Garrison League:-\n\n2/Wiltshires beat R.A.M.C. by 6 sets to 3. Details:\n\nBdsm Murant and Bdsm. Rogers beat Major Tomlinson and Cpl. Stone 7-5, beat S. M. Thompson and Cpl. Savage 6-4, beat Sgt. Wilkinson and Cpl. Rhodes 6-1.\n\nBdsm. Dobson and Bdsm. Jones lost to Tomlinson and Stone 1-6, beat Thompson and Savage 15-13, beat Wilkinson and Rhodes 6-3.\n\nSgt. Wells and Bdsm. Teagle lost to Tomlinson and Stone 7-9, lost to Thompson and Savage 3-6, beat Wilkinson and Rhodes 6-2.\n\nR.E. beat R.G.A. 9 sets to nil. Detail: S.M. Smith and S.-Sgt. Hamblin beat S. Sgt. Gillard and Sgt. Walker 6-0, beat C.S.M. Williams and Sgt. Phillips 6-1, beat Br. Newcombe and Gr. Clow 6-0.\n\nC.S.M. Pearson and Cpl. Townsend beat Gillard and Walker 6-1, beat Williams and Philips 6-0, beat Newcombe and Clow 6-2.\n\nSpr. Coupland and Spr. Newing beat Gillard and Walker 6-0, beat Williams and Phillips 6-1, beat Newcombe and Clow 6-0.\n\nR.E. R.A.0.0.\n\nLEAGUE TABLE.\n\nUp to August 26th.\n\nP. W. L. POINTS.\n\n2/Wiltshires 3 3 0 0 6\n\nR.A.S.C. 2 2 0 0 4\n\nR.A.M.C. 2 1 1 0 2\n\nR.G.A. 3 0 3 0 0\n\nGOLF.\n\nGOLF TOPICS.\n\n[BY ZODIAC:]\n\n\"It is an ill wind that blows nobody any good,\" and certainly the wind that blew last week's rain our way was a blessing in disguise. Fanling courses have a heavy season ahead of them, and need lots of rain at the beginning of the season to keep them going.\n\nOn the other hand, the rain was a great disappointment to those who were looking forward to the competitions at Happy Valley. However they are not to be completely disappointed, for the competitions will be played off on Sunday next. Let one remind those players who intend having tiffin at the Club-house that they must order it from the No. 1 Boy, not later than Friday.\n\nAs many as fourteen couples had signified their intention of entering for the mixed foursome last week, and it is to be hoped that the same players and others, too, will be able to enter on Sunday.\n\nAT HAPPY VALLEY.\n\nThe Eclectic competition, played over Happy Valley course during July and August, closed on Aug. 31st and proved most interesting to those who took part in it. The competition was for a cup presented by a member of the Club who wishes to remain anonymous.\n\nThe Course at Happy Valley during the summer months resembles home conditions, and it would be interesting if the sub-Committee would arrange a Links Championship for next season.\n\nThe conditions of play were:-18 holes, half handicap allowed. Ninety-six cards were taken out and the best scores returned were:-\n\nW. W. Mackenzie, 60 (winner). B. D. C. Morgan 65-5\n\nF. Taylor 67-2\n\nA. Leach 65\n\nA. K. Mackenzie 76-9\n\n... 67\n\n... 75-6\n\n... 69\n\n... 77-3\n\n... 74\n\n88582\n\nLEAGUE TABLE.\n\nUp to August 26th.\n\nP. W. L. POINTS.\n\nUnited Athletic. 2 2 0 0 4\n\nV.R.C. 2 2 0 0 4\n\nR.G.A. 2 1 1 0 2\n\n2/Wiltshires 2 1 1 0 2\n\nH.M.S. Tamar .2 0 2 0 0\n\nH.M.S.Foxglove 3 0 3 0 0\n\nWATER POLO.\n\nGames in the League on August 26th resulted as follows:-\n\nUnited Athletic, 9 goals; H.M.S. Tamar, 0.\n\nLusitano, 8 goals; H.M.S. Foxglove, 0.\n\nThe R.G.A. beat the Wiltshire, on Aug. 29th, at the V.R.C., by 6 goals to nil. The gunners were strengthened in attack by playing Capt. P. Havelock Davies, who beat Wood on three occasions.\n\nIn the second game, the V.R.C. defeated the U.A.C. by 6 goals to nil. Finch and Rodger played well for the losers, but the younger members of the in team were suffering from nerves the opening half. The teams crossed over 5 to nil in favour of the V.R.C., and, owing to good defensive work by Finch and Rodger, no further scoring took place until a minute and a half from time, when Logan beat Simmons.\n\nGreat interest was taken in the match between the two undefeated teams. the V.R.C. and the Club Lusitano. at the V.R.C., on August 30th, the former Busschaert, winning by 11 goals to 1. well fed by Witchell, scored 7 goals for the winners, mostly by back-hand throws, which had the Club's goalkeeper guessing everytime. Logan 2, Railton and Johnstone also scored for the Club.\n\nIn the game between the Navy teams, H.M.S. Tamar beat H.M.S. Foxglove by 7 goals to 3.\n\nOnly one game was played at the V.R.C., on September 1st, the second game 2/Wiltshires v. H.M.S. Tamar being postponed.\n\nThe United Athletic beat the R.G.A. by 5 goals to one.\n\nHOLING A MASHIE SHOT.\n\nA WEIHAIWEI PERFORMANCE.\n\nThe feat of holing a mashie shot has been recently reported from Weihaiwei. On the third green of the Port Edward Club's course this performance took place, the length of the shot being 64 yards. A threesome was in progress, consisting of the Rev. C. R. Burnett, Mr. E. R. Hood and Mr. S. W. Roberts, the latter of Messrs. Lavers & Clark. It was the last mentioned who did the trick.\n\nA remarkable feature of this incident is that the ball landed in the hole without ever touching the sand which there does duty for a green. Its mark would, of course, have been at once evident, but a close inspection showed that the ball must have gone into the hole. How it ever stuck there is a marvel- the sort of thing, as golfers know to their regret, that happens only about once in a life time.\n\nBANK ROBBERIES.\n\nOn the 22nd of July notes of the Banque l'Indo-Chine to the value of $500,000 were stolen from the Amiral Fourichon in Saigon harbour. They were part of a consignment of unissued notes for Haiphong, and naturally the thieves had no chance. Within an hour or so some of the notes were presented at Bank to be changed into smaller denominations- they were all notes of $100. The cashier recognised that they were part of a series totalling two millions and a half then arriving from France and not yet issued; and he promptly sent for the police. By the end of the month most of those concerned were under arrest.\n\nHappy Valley was the mother of Golf in the Colony, and in the old days she enjoyed a wonderful popularity, but as her sons grew up they deserted her and she has fallen on evil times. Still there are many who enjoy their game on the old course, and a little encouragement from headquarters would not do any harm. Golf is a very expensive game, and a number of young men in the Colony cannot afford to be full members of the Club and go to Fanling every week-end. Unfortunately, there is no member on the general Committee to represent the poor golfer, which is a great mistake. The Committee should bear in mind that many of the youngsters will be Taipans one day and that their services might be most useful to the Club, but if, as juniors they receive no help or encouragement, their minds will become embittered, and they will have no enthusiasm for its welfare. Lack of enthusiasm is about the most conspicuous feature of Hongkong golf at present. I do not mean to imply that our Committee and sub-Committees are not enthusiastic; they are, but they are not backed up by the great majority, and I believe the reason I have given above is responsible for this.\n\nI have seen the new Club-house at Happy Valley, and although it is small and not exactly an ideal Club-house we have a great deal to be thankful for. One must realise that the Jockey Club could not house us any longer in the previous pavillion and that the Committee were faced with a very awkward problem-nowhere to go and very little time to go there! Club houses are costly affairs and are not built in a day; matsheds are not satisfactory.\n\nThe problem was solved through the energies of the Hon. Secretary and the friendly help of the Jockey Club. For the rest we have to thank Mr. Greenhill and the House sub-Committee at Happy Valley for making the best use of the premises at their disposal. Unfortunately, the Club room is very small, but I must call attention to the roof, which commands an excellent view of the whole course and where it is most pleasant to sit and have one's drink at the end of a round. There is an excellent tram service and cars stop by request at the front door of the Club-house, so there is no reason why the Valley should not regain a good deal of its old time popularity as a summer evening course.",
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        "content_text": "230\n\nTHE INCREASED SUBSCRIPTION.\n\nIn introducing the next question before the meeting, which he described as a rather important one \"the increased subscription, the CHAIRMAN remarked that the principle of increased capital for a progressive business was so familiar to members that it need not be laboured. The Chamber of Commerce was a business which had far exceeded its capital and required increased revenue, in order to carry on its work efficiently. For many years, members had enjoyed the privileges that the Chamber afforded at a really wholly inadequate annual subscription. This fact was enforced on the Committee very strongly during the war years, when work increased enormously. The war had left a legacy which made the work even greater to-day. Times were not propitious, and the question of advancing the subscription had been postponed. Now, however, the position had been forced by the resignation of the present secretary, which took effect at the end of the year.\n\n\"His labours are so familiar to you all,\" added Mr. Holyoak, \"that I should like to pay them this passing word of tribute, though I hope to have the opportunity, on another occasion, of speaking of his very valuable services, over many years, to this Chamber-(applause) and I hope to give you an opportunity of affording tangible evidence of your appreciation.\"(Renewed applause).\n\nReverting to the work of the Chamber, the Chairman said that when Mr. Williams became secretary there were two committees. The Chairman mentioned eight additional sub-committees now in existence; one on shipping had 25 pages of minutes representing last month's work. The general committees' agenda had increased from 15 pages to 60. Chairman also mentioned the daily bulletin and the surveys. The rice surveys were a very big issue and had won a reputation in San Francisco, of which the Chamber might be proud. The Chamber now acted as consular correspondent to the Board of Trade, since the withdrawal of the Commercial Secretary to the Legation in Hongkong. The work of all concerned had increased to such an extraordinary extent that it was a matter of some difficulty, year by year, to find a Chairman who would face the duties associated with the office. Members of committees, also, had to give much valuable time.\n\n\"It is purely a business proposition,\" concluded Mr. Holyoak. \"The Chamber is carrying on very large and important work and requires an even larger staff than we are budgeting for to-day. I should like to add that no portion of the increased subscription asked for is to be devoted to the Chamber of Commerce guarantee towards the Commercial Course at Hongkong University for the next five years. That has been found, or will be, entirely by guarantees from members, quite outside subscriptions.\"\n\nThe CHAIRMAN, then, proposed:-\n\nThat, from January 1st, 1922, the annual subscription of members be increased, for firms from $60 to $200 and for individuals from $25 to $100, payable quarterly.\n\nThe Hon. Mr. A. G. STEPHEN seconded. He said: \"I think this is very necessary, though I do not second it with any particular pleasure. This is hardly the time to ask people to add to their overhead charges, but the fact remains that, if the work of the Chamber is to be carried on, in anything like an efficient manner, this increase of subscription is necessary. The work of the Chamber will not get less as time goes on. The neighbouring country is in a state of political chaos and we must have an efficient Chamber of Commerce to see that the trade interests of Hongkong are properly protected. In the quiet old days, very little work was necessary; there was a law of some kind in the neighbouring territories, and we very seldom came into collision with our neighbours. But now China is becoming the battle-ground of conflicting interests, and the only way that some protection can be afforded to Hongkong trade-British and foreign-is to have an alert Chamber of Commerce to point out to the Government any menace that may arise. Your neighbours in Shanghai have realised the importance of this and only lately have raised an endowment fund for the Chamber of, I believe, ... do not aim at anything so ambitious as one hundred thousand taels. Here we ... that, but merely ask for this increase of subscription which, I think, you will agree, is absolutely necessary.\"\n\nMr. OWEN HUGHES supported the proposal. The Chairman, in a circular had hinted that there might be resignations. Such a thing, said Mr. Hughes, was unthinkable and would be very much to the discredit of the community. Mr. Hughes thought there was a tendency to leave too much to committees and suggested that the whole Chamber should meet quarterly, instead of annually, and that there should be an annual dinner, with a lecture or an address on a question of interest. He instanced the question of military lands as one on which the full weight of the Chamber would be needed, if the War Office were to be prevailed upon to relinquish their hold.\n\nMr. COUSLAND supported Mr. Hughes' suggestions, and said that a special meeting should have been held, for example, on the piece goods contract, just discussed.\n\nThere being no further discussion, the resolution was put and carried without dissent.\n\nMr. OWEN HUGHES proposed that general meetings of the Chamber be held quarterly, and that a special meeting be called at an early date for amending the constitution.\n\nMr. COUSLAND seconded.\n\nThe CHAIRMAN pointed out that the Committee had power to call quarterly meetings without altering the constitution.\n\nAfter discussion, the resolution was approved.\n\nTHIEVES STILL BUSY.\n\nMr. B. Griffiths, third officer of the s.s. Chipshing, which is undergoing overhaul at the Cosmopolitan Dock, was swimming from the dock wharf at 7 a.m. on Aug. 25th, when his silver wrist watch, worth $25, was stolen from the pocket of his coat, which he had hung on the wharf. No one was on the wharf when Mr. Griffiths went out to swim, so that he has no clue to the identity of the thief.\n\nMr. L. Noronha, of No. 27, Shelly Street, who was bathing off the North Point bathing beach, suffered the loss, from the operations of a dressing-room thief, of a gold wrist watch worth $48.\n\nEXCESS PROFITS DUTY.\n\nIn the House of Commons, last month, Sir R. Horne said the amount received by the Treasury from the excess profits duty between 1915, when the duty was first imposed, and June 30th, 1921, was £1,171,642,000. The amount repaid was £49,016,000. The amount of duty assessed but not yet paid was £285,000,000.\n\n181\n\n[September 3rd, 1921.\n\nTHE CASSEL MINING AGREEMENT.\n\nSTATEMENT BY CANTON FOREIGN MINISTRY.\n\n[CANTON INFORMATION BUREAU.]\n\nCANTON, August 30th. The following official statement has been issued by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:-\n\nWith reference to the replies made by the British Under Secretary for Foreign Affairs recently in the House of Commons concerning the agreement signed by Major Cassel with the Kwangsi militarists, those who have perused the agreement, which is now public property, are in a position to form an opinion as to the merits of the case.\n\nBut the Under Secretary interjects a remark which demands notice. He says that Peking has, owing to certain difficulties, referred the agreement back for further discussion of the points in detail with the Canton authorities. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs has two observations to make regarding this statement. The reason why this Government has not recognized the agreement in question concerns a matter of principle-monopoly and illegality-so that no amount of discussion of details will be of any profit. Secondly, the Republican Government having its seat at Canton, being the legitimate Government of the country, obviously holds no intercourse with the authorities at Peking, who also realize the situation sufficiently to have never attempted to refer to it any matters for action or discussion.\n\nWHAT KANSU'S EARTHQUAKE COST THE PROVINCE.\n\nReuter's correspondent at Peking writes:-Mr. Chen Shan, Civil Governor of Kansu, has forwarded a report of the Kansu earthquake and a list of names of Kansu people who gave assistance which he thinks worthy of official recognition. The report begins in Chinese historical style by saying that from the time of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Ching House over 100 earthquakes occurred in Kansu. Only a little over 30 hsien escaped visitation by this scourge, and upwards of 1,000,000 families were severely affected: In the last earthquake 200,000 people were buried by the falling hills and numerous draught animals perished.\n\nThe Kansu Provincial authorities, merchants and gentry organized a relief society, and money, clothing and medical assistance were provided in limited quantities. When the time came for farm work to be resumed the shortage of animals became a severe handicap. The Relief Society then came to the assistance of the farmers, but again the help afforded was limited by the want of funds.\n\nCalls were then received for assistance in rebuilding homes, as the houses had been almost completely destroyed over an area of between 600 and 700 square li.\n\nThe Provincial Bureau of Finance then advanced $110,000 from transportation taxes, while 20 per cent. of official salaries, 50 per cent. of postal and telegraph revenues and 10 per cent. of various other taxes were allocated for relief. Finally, numerous guilds and public bodies co-operated with the Provincial Government in raising funds.\n\nIt is the leader of these charitable undertakings that Mr. Chen recommends for rewards.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 492732,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 85,
        "title": "CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "— 28- \n\nA considerable amount of surfacing of the hilly portions of the Lai-chi-kok-Castle Peak, Mong-kok-tsui-Taipo, and Taipo-Fanling Roads was done.\n\nDRAINAGE,\n\nThe construction of a nullah at Mong-kok-tsui between the Taipo Road and the Old Kowloon boundary line near Kau-lung-tong was in progress. A beginning was made with the training and diversion of the large stream course to the East of Lai-chi-kok.\n\nWATER WORKS.\n\nDrawings and specifications were completed and tenders invited for the large scheme of filter beds to be constructed at the Eastern end of Bowen Road; the contract had not, however, been awarded at the end of the year.\n\nAn additional rising main was laid to the Peak to enable more water to be pumped up to this district, and the laying of a new 8-inch main was commenced in order to connect Shaukiwan Village with the City supply system; this latter work had to be suspended for a time on account of the alterations to the Shaukiwan Road. As a temporary measure, however, a 3-inch main was put through in order to obviate any difficulties which might arise until the larger pipe could be laid.\n\nFor the supply of an additional engine and boiler, required for the Pokfulam Road Pumping Station, the tender of Messrs. Tangye was accepted, and the foundation plans were received at the end of the year, thus enabling a commencement to be made with the extension of the station so as to provide the necessary accommodation.\n\nTenders were considered for an additional steam pumping set for the Taita Tuk Pumping Station, but in view of the excessive price quoted as compared with an electrically driven plant, the matter was again referred home for consideration by the Consulting Engineers.\n\nThe laying of a 3-inch main from the Wong-nei-chong reservoir to a service tank at Repulse Bay was completed and in service early in the year.\n\nThe work of substituting an 18\" water main for the existing one of 12\" from the Kowloon Filter Beds to Yaumati was completed, except for a short section beyond the 3rd milestone on the Taipo Road where the road requires to be diverted. The replacing of the existing water mains in the Kowloon distribution system by larger ones was continued.\n\nAt the Kowloon Filter Beds, adjoining the Taipo Road, two new beds are in course of construction.\n\n29-\n\nThe taking over and the reconstruction of the existing Water Works supplying the Fanling Golf Club houses and a few other residences in that neighbourhood was completed.\n\nPlans were prepared for a Water Supply at Taipo.\n\nRECLAMATIONS,\n\nAt Aplichau, the reclamation under construction was nearly completed by the end of the year. It will provide a considerable area upon which it is hoped to be able to accommodate some of the old village lot-holders so that this insanitary area may be improved as opportunity arises.\n\nSatisfactory progress was made with the filling in of the tidal flat and the cutting down of the hill between Tai-kok-tsui and Fuk-tsun-heung.\n\nThe work on the Shamshuipo reclamation scheme progressed satisfactorily, the rubble mound and the cement concrete blocks for the section under construction having been completed.\n\nA commencement was made with a reclamation scheme at Cheung Sha Wan in conjunction with the tipping of the refuse collected from the Kowloon Peninsula and Hongkong.\n\nThe Kai Tak Land Investment Company made but little progress with their reclamation at Kowloon Bay. The sea-wall of that portion of it acquired by the Government as the site for the new gaol was completed and the entire area filled in to coping level.\n\nThe reclamation work which is being carried out by the Standard Oil Company of New York at Lai-chi-kok made good progress.\n\nThe Marine Lot-holders fronting Praya East having in May, 1920, agreed to the terms and apportionment of the Reclamation to be carried out by the Government at Wanchai Bay and known as the Praya East Reclamation Scheme, the preparation of the necessary plans and documents were commenced forthwith, and an Ordinance (No. 17 of 1921) to give legal effect to this project became law on the 9th September, 1921. Tenders were invited on the 15th June, 1921, and the lowest one—that of Messrs. Sang Lee & Co.—amounting to $2,766,899.70 having been accepted, an order to begin work was served on them on the 1st November, 1921. The total cost of the scheme to those entitled to participate is estimated at $3,744,319.50.\n\nPIERS.\n\nThe Queen Victoria Street Ferry Pier was practically completed by the close of the year. A contract was let in September for the construction in reinforced concrete of the Public Square Street Pier.\n\nPage 16\n\n: \n\n84",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-476 - Acting Governor Claud Severn & Governor Sir Stubbs - 1922 [8-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 493943,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 334,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "On China's declaration of war against the Central Powers in 1917, all payments to Germany and Austria were suspended. At the same time, the Allied Powers agreed to defer for five years without interest the payments of the Boxer indemnity, with the exception that Russia officially remitted only one-third of these payments. The Powers interested agreed to spread the repayment of the suspended portions of the indemnity, which would otherwise have fallen due between the 1st December, 1917, and the 1st December, 1922, over the following years :-\n\n  \n    Great Britain\n    1940-45\n  \n  \n    Japan\n    1923-40\n  \n  \n    France\n    1922-27\n  \n  \n    Belgium\n    1922-27\n  \n\nItaly held out for repayment in full after five years, but intimated that the matter might be further considered later.\n\nThe arrangement agreed to by His Majesty's Government was that the payment of instalments falling due between the 1st December, 1917, and the 1st December, 1922, should be made between 1941 and 1945. Instalments falling due between the 1st December, 1922, and the 1st December, 1940, are to be made at due date in accordance with the existing amortisation table without alteration.\n\nThe terms granted by His Majesty's Government were, therefore, far the most generous of those given by the Allied Powers.\n\nIn view of the position in Russia, China has since ceased to make any payments on account of the indemnity due to Russia. Prior to the discontinuance of any payments, she had been paying the Russian instalments after the collapse of any recognised Government in that country only on condition that the money remained in the Russo-Asiatic Bank at Shanghai.\n\nFollowing the precedent of the Allied Powers, the United States Government also agreed to the postponement of their share of the indemnity, but left the period of postponement indefinite and terminable at any moment. No arrangements were made for the eventual redemption of the suspended payments. The suspension seems to have been made rather informally, but the United States Government stipulated for the continued application to specified educational objects of half the indemnity claim which they had previously remitted.\n\nIn August last the Senate passed a resolution, introduced by Senator Lodge, authorising the remission of the final balance of the indemnity, amounting to 1,236,858 dollars, such remission to begin as from the 1st October, 1917, and to be at such times and in such manner as the President shall deem just.\" The resolution was not expected to come before the House of Representatives before the following session.\n\nThe neutral Indemnity Powers were not concerned with the question of remission, and have presumably continued to receive their shares of the indemnity as they did before China declared war against Germany.\n\nThe machinery for the collection and payment of the indemnity instalments has remained unaffected by the suspension.* The only change made was that the funds obtained from the revenues assigned to the service of the indemnity, which would otherwise have been credited to the different foreign Governments, were remitted by the banks charged with the service of the indemnity to the Chinese Government, by cheque in taels equivalent at the rate of exchange of the day to the gold sum which would have been payable in accordance with the Protocol of 1901.\n\nUnder existing arrangements, on the 1st December, 1922, the instalments due on that date will once more be credited to the countries concerned by the banks instead of being paid over to China. Additional payments will also have to be begun in order to pay off the suspended portions of the indemnity. We must, therefore, be prepared for a plea to be put forward by China, or on her behalf, that she should not be required to resume indemnity payments.\n\nIn October 1918 His Majesty's Ambassador at Tokio reported that the Japanese Minister for Foreign Affairs had informed the Chinese Minister that the Japanese Government had decided in principle to remit the Japanese portion of the indemnity, but that as payment by China had been deferred in 1917 for five years, there was plenty of time for the Japanese to decide whether remission should be an unconditional gift or whether the money should be applied to special objects. In July 1919 the Chinese Minister in London enquired whether His Majesty's Government were proposing to remit on certain conditions their share of the indemnity. He mentioned that the Japanese had announced their intention of doing so, and that he believed the French were also considering remission.\n\nThe balance due by instalments to this country in May 1921 was £9,740,600. The question of the remission of the British share has been frequently raised in connection with proposals for the education of Chinese students on British lines.* The Treasury view has been that the British claim, in contradistinction to the American claim, was rigidly scrutinised and correctly assessed; it was enacted by Parliament that the receipts should be applied in reduction of debt; the money thus represents the repayment of expenditure originally met from the proceeds of debt created for the purpose and cannot without a violation of all the established principles of rational finance be diverted to another use.\n\nThe question of the education of Chinese students on British lines will be considered by a committee which is being appointed for the purpose under the chairmanship of Sir John Jordan.\n\nThe desirability of financing any educational proposals out of the indemnity will no doubt be examined by the committee, but it must meanwhile remain open to doubt whether Chinese education in itself would be a sufficient reason for remitting any substantial part of the indemnity in the present state of our finances. There is, however, one important reason in favour of the remission of the indemnity. Other arguments which may be cited are the opposition to be expected from the Chinese Government themselves, who will plead that they are unable to pay, and the objections to be urged against the continued mulcting of a democratic country and former ally for the sins of the absolutist Manchu Government by means of an indemnity which has the appearance of an inheritance from the days of militant imperialism, and seems to be out of keeping with the changed spirit of the times.\n\nFinally, there is bound to be a tendency to play one Power off against another, especially as the first Power to renounce its claim will secure the lion's share of the credit for such action. Each Power may feel that although the sacrifice of the remainder of the indemnity is not in itself justified on the intrinsic merits of the case, yet it cannot afford the risk of being forestalled by another Power.\n\nIt should not be difficult to meet this danger by prior consultation between the Powers chiefly concerned. The proper course would seem to be to consider what policy is desirable on the merits of the case and then to consult with the other Powers in order to decide upon the adoption of a common attitude.\n\nThe arguments so far put forward in favour of remission are stated above. The arguments against remission can make less appeal to sentiment, but are also strong. Because China was treated with generosity in 1917 to enable her to meet the expenses of joining in the war, is it reasonable that she should use this generosity as a means of securing further and greater concessions in 1922? This country has already made a gift to China of the difference between the value of the payments due in the years 1917-21 and the present value of those sums when the dates of payment are postponed for twenty-three years without interest. Why should this very substantial present be made a pretext for further gifts?\n\nThe plea that China cannot afford to pay is more specious than real. Remission will certainly not rehabilitate her finances, which are disordered by her own incompetence and corruption, seeing that despite the suspension of the payments since 1917 her finances are no better but worse than they were then. China can resume payment, at any rate, of the instalments normally due (the extra payments which will be required to redeem the suspended portions of the indemnity are another matter which may require special consideration) without undue disturbance, as the revenues assigned to the service of the indemnity have continued to be collected.\n\nPage 329",
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    {
        "id": 497569,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 255,
        "title": "CO129-484 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1924 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## Leather and Hides\nReturns in these lines are as follows:—\nFor 1921, Buffalo-piculs..11,243; Cow...27; Goat...33; Sheep...31; ...58,642; 2,126; 1,388\nFor 1922, Buffalo-piculs..6,714; Cow...20; Goat...\"...; Sheep...11; ...54,911; 6,254; 615\n\nVery few hides arrived from Kwangsi on account of continued trouble in the Interior.\n\n## Ginger and Preserves\nA considerable increase in this line is reported, exports for 1922 being £206,090 as compared with £149,093 for 1921.\n\n## Soy\nAn increase is also reported in this line, returns showing £61,447 as against £50,039 for 1921.\n\n## Chinese Paper\nA decrease took place, exports being put at 48,058 piculs whereas in 1921 61,725 piculs were done.\n\n## Vermilion\nVery little business done.\n\n## Lard\nDemand from abroad very poor and returns show decrease, being piculs 61,208 as compared with 80,223 for 1921.\n\n## Tinned Goods\nBusiness remains about same as previous year.\n\n## Shamshoo\nReturns show decrease on years trading. £112,215 were done in 1921, current year is estimated at £80,371.\n\n## Vinegar\nAbout same as previous year.\n\n## Knitted Vests and Socks\nSome exports business done but the Interior troubles hit this trade badly and one or two factories suspended business.\n\n## Rattan and Fibre Furniture\nReturns show an improvement on 1921 when £142,107 was done whereas current year figures is estimated at £165,848.\n\n### (c) Fisheries\nA considerable proportion of the boat population of Hongkong supports itself by deep-sea fishing, in which pursuit a large number of junks are engaged. The villages of Aberdeen, Stanley, Shaukiwan, and also many in the New Territories, are largely dependent upon this industry for their prosperity. Fresh water fish is imported from Canton and the West River. There are oyster beds of considerable value in Deep Bay.\n\n### (d) Forestry, Agriculture, and Botany\n\n#### Formation of Pine tree plantations\nOn the hills adjoining Tai Wo Po, 5,000 one year old trees of *Pinus massoniana* were planted.\nPine seeds were sown *in situ* at the following places—16,500 at Little Hongkong, 3,470 at Mount Davis, 59,725 at Ngau Chi Wan and 49,070 at Tytam Tuk. Failures of seeds sown *in situ* at Cheung Chau and Fanling were replaced.\nOn the turfed banks below Taipo and Tsin Wan Roads, 40 lbs. of Pine seeds were sown broadcast.\nOne hundred and sixty seven trees, one year old, of *Pinus massoniana* were added to the small plantation at the Water Police Station, Tsim Sha Tsui.\n\n#### Broad-leaved trees planted\nShade and flowering trees used for roadside planting were *Melia azedarach*, *Bischofia javanica*, *Ficus infectoria*, *Cassia fistula*, *Tristania conferta*, *Aleurites triloba*, *Albizzia lebbek*, *Poinciana regia*, *Erythrina indica*, *Bauhinia variegata*, *Paulownia fortunei*, *Melaleuca leucadendron*, and *Cinnamomum camphora*: these were made use of in the following positions—Wongueichung Gap Road 233, Wongueichung Gap to Deep Water Bay 358, Magazine Gap Road 247, Wanchai Gap Road 571, Severn Road 32, Lugard Road 47, Garden Road 3, Peace Avenue, Ho Mun Tin 72, Argyle Street 72, Jordan Road 45, Gascoigne Road 97, Chatham Road 106, Lai Chi Kok Road 30, Nathan Road 3, Reclamation Street 7, Taipo Road 290, Fanling Road 8, Autnu Road 87, and in the vicinity of Shum Shui Po Market 22.\nA number of trees of *Aleurites montana* were tried for the first time as a shade tree in Salisbury Road, Kowloon.\nSeventy nine trees, one year old, of \"Jak\" (*Artocarpus integrifolia*) were planted in the vicinity of Aberdeen Reservoir.\n\n#### Care of trees in Plantations\nA regular inspection of all planted and native trees was carried out throughout the year.\nFine tree caterpillars made their appearance fortunately in very small numbers on the island and in Kowloon; one plantation adjoining Fanling Golf Course was badly infested with these pests and as soon as they could be detected all were collected and destroyed, the total weight of those dealt with being 4,667 lbs.\n*Loranthus* and creepers were regularly removed from trees on roadsides and in plantations.\nCamphor trees, a large percentage of which are regularly attacked by white ants during the dry season, were treated with carbolineum.\nTwenty miles of fire barriers were cleared in the mainland and seventeen on the island; these barriers on many occasions proved most useful in checking large fires.\n\n#### Removal of trees\nIn connection with the sale of building lots, formation of new and widening of existing roads, reclamations and other public works, very large numbers of Pine and wild trees and a small number of large roadside trees were removed.\n\n— 17 —",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-517-5 The visit of the Duke of Gloucester to Hong Kong 2-5-1929 - 23-5-1929",
        "page_number": 14,
        "title": "CO129-517-5 The visit of the Duke of Gloucester to Hong Kong 2-5-1929 - 23-5-1929",
        "content_text": "## The teams were as follows:- \nNo. 2 Chukka :- \nRed.-H.R.H., Lord Airlie, Comyn, \nand Thomas. White.-Dangerfield, Bremner, \nCampbell, and Stanton. \n\nNo. 4 Chukka :- \nRed.-H.R.H., Lord Airlie, \nThomas, and Sugden. White.-Dangerfield, Abbott, Has-\nkard, and Bakewell. \n\nNo. 6 Chukka :— \nRed.-H.R.H., Lord Airlie, Clarke \nand Thomas. \nWhite.-Bakewell, Selton, Camp-\nbell, and Herbage. \n\nNo. 7 Chukka :— \nRed.-H.R.H., Lord Airlie, Carr, \nand Thomas. White.-Comyn, Perfect, Abbott, \nand Wolfe-Murray. \n\nIn the evening a dinner party was given at Government House in honour of His Royal Highness by H. E. the Governor.\n\nThe Prince is staying at Government House as the guest of His Excellency.\n\nThe following guests were entertained by His Excellency at dinner at Government House on Thursday evening:- H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester, Mrs. Southorn, Hon. Mr. Creasy, Mrs. Tratman, Captain Whyte, Mr. Dyer, Very Rev. Dean Swann, Mr. Thomas, Mrs. Dyer, Hon. Comdr. Hole, Mrs. Skinner, Hon. Mr. Southorn, Mrs. Creasy, Hon. Dr. Wellington, Captain Has-\nkard.\n\n## Japanese Fireworks\nAll points of vantage in the city, on the Praya Reclamation in Wan-\nchai and in the open spaces in Kowloon were thronged with people at night, when the Japanese community entertained His Royal Highness, the Duke of Gloucester with a fireworks display.\n\nThe fireworks started at 10 p.m. and the display was kept up for an hour. Altogether about fifty rockets were fired and the colour combinations produced pretty effects. Red, blue, green and white lights were the predominant shades.\n\nThe rockets were discharged from the Volunteer Parade Ground at intervals of about three minutes and a strong westerly wind carried most of the lights past the city to the Western district, where the Chinese scrambled for the remains of the rockets as they came to earth. Each light is suspended on a paper parachute which is weighted down with a good number of cash and it is this last which is naturally the main cause of the scramble for the parachutes.\n\n## GUESTS AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE\nThe following were guests at Government House:- \n| Name |\n| --- |\n| Sir Robert Ho Tung |\n| Lady Ho Tung |\n| The Earl of Airlie |\n| Mrs. J. R. Wood |\n| His Honour Mr. Justice Wood |\n| Lady Marcia Miles |\n| Hon. Mr. Hynes |\n| Mrs. Ferguson |\n| Colonel Skinner |\n| Colonel Bird |\n| Major Miles |\n| Captain Kerr |\n| Mr. Scott |\n| Captain Sillitoe |\n| Captain Perfect |\n| Mr. Ferguson |\n| Mr. Tratman |\n| Mrs. Swann |\n| Hon. Dr. Tso |\n| Mrs. Tso |\n| Commodore Hill |\n| Mrs. Wellington |\n| Mr. Arbuthnot |\n\n## AT FANLING\n### INFORMAL FOURSOMES PLAYED\nThe Duke of Gloucester enjoyed a quiet foursome at Fanling on April 26, partnered by the Hon. Mr. Major-General Sandilands and Mr. E. Elles partnered Mr. H. L. Smith against Rear-Admiral Meade and Capt. the Hon. W. S. Leveson-Gower, while the Earl of Airlie and Mr. R. H. B. Hancock played against Mr. Lloyd Thomas and Mr. A. Cameron. The foursomes were quite friendly and informal, and no scores were taken.\n\nIncluding His Royal Highness and H.E. the Governor, the majority of the party wore khaki shorts, drill jackets, and khaki topees.\n\nOn arrival at Fanling, the Royal party were welcomed by Mr. L. S. Greenhill, Captain of the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club, and members of the Committee.\n\nLieut. Col. E. D. Matthews, secretary of the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club, who had gone out overnight to make arrangements, was in charge at Fanling, where the distinguished visitors were entertained to tiffin.\n\n## Interest In Kowloon\nWhen H.R.H. passed at 9:30 a.m. on Friday morning along Nathan Road on his way out to the Fanling Golf Course very few people were about. However, Sir Cecil Clementi had given notice that he would be passing about that time and thousands lined Nathan Road waiting patiently for his arrival.\n\n## \"TO MEET PRINCE HENRY\"\n### GARDEN PARTY AT H.K. CRICKET CLUB GROUND\n### PAVILION BEAUTIFULLY DECORATED\n\"His Excellency the Governor requests the pleasure of your company at a Reception on the Ground of the H.K. Cricket Club on April 26, at 4:30 p.m., to meet His Royal Highness The Duke of Gloucester, K.G., G.C.V.O.\"\n\nTwo thousand members of the colony of Hong Kong were thrilled to receive a large card headed with the Royal crest in gold which invited them to meet Prince Henry. And the joy spread further, for frock and hat shops were invaded in order that the ladies of Hong Kong might do honour to the Prince.\n\nMeanwhile the Committee of the Cricket Club had also been busy, and their lovely ground was transformed by banks of flowers, the pavilion hung with bunting, and flag-decked marquees erected in a large semi-circle round the outskirts facing towards the pavilion. In the marquees tea and refreshments were served to the guests, while in front of the pavilion, behind a row of magnificent pot plants, was the \"high table\" and a series of striped umbrellas, at which His Excellency the Governor sat with the Guest of Honour and the Government House party.\n\nThe Prince was received inside the pavilion by Mr. R. Hancock (President) and members of the Committee of the Club, and appeared on the steps with Sir Cecil Clementi at about 4:50 p.m. His appearance was heralded by the band of the K.O.S.B., who were grouped in the middle of the ground, playing \"God Save the King.\"\n\nHis Royal Highness was introduced by H.E. the Governor to the Government House party and then went forward to shake hands with a number of Indian officers who were lined up to meet him, before sitting down to tea.\n\nDuring the tea interval the Pipe Band and the Regimental Band of the K.O.S.B. played alternately. The Pipers marching up and down as they played, with their kilts and ribbons swinging, added considerably to the gay and picturesque effect.\n\nThe following were Sir Cecil Clementi's guests at tiffin on Thursday at Government House :- \n| Name |\n| --- |\n| H.R.H. the Duke of Gloucester |\n| Mrs. Waistell |\n| The Rt. Rev. the Bishop of Victoria |\n| General Sir Hugh Elles |\n| Captain Whyte |\n| Mr. N. S. Brown |\n| Capt. Wolfe-Murray |\n| Mr. Hornell |\n| Hon. Sir Shou Son Chow |\n| The Earl of Airlie |\n| Mrs. Shenton |\n| His Honour Sir H. Gollan |\n| Hon. Mr. Shenton |\n| Mr. Braga |\n| Mr. Alabaster |\n| Captain Kerr |\n| Captain Sillitoe |\n| Mr. Scott |\n| Colonel Comyn |\n| Mr. Thomas |\n| Hon. Sir Henry Pollock |\n| Hon. Mr. Mesny |\n| Mr. Murakami |\n| Mrs. Strachey |\n| General Sandilands |\n| Lady Pollock |\n| E. Admiral Waistell |\n| Lady Chow |\n| Hon. Sir Joseph Kemp |\n| Mrs. Kotewall |\n| Admiral Meade |\n| Hon. Mr. North |\n| Mr. Li Yau Tsuen |\n| Captain Strachey |\n| Captain Perfect |\n\nAs the crowds of women and children broke through the barrier and rushed onto the pier waving and cheering to the Duke who smilingly replied by raising his hat and waving in return, the scene, with the gay frocks of the ladies, the green grey buildings and big trees, may have reminded H.R.H. of the beautiful grounds of Buckingham Palace.\n\nOur representative was told that His Royal Highness was immensely pleased with his trip around the New Territories, and deeply interested in all that he saw.\n\n46 \n14",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-517-5 The visit of the Duke of Gloucester to Hong Kong 2-5-1929 - 23-5-1929.txt",
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    {
        "id": 520256,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "page_number": 100,
        "title": "CO129-519-1 Estimates for 1930 5-9-1929 - 14-11-1929",
        "content_text": "## \nThe Wong-nei-ch'ung nullah, which was reconstructed by the city waterworks in 1874, was again brought into use and dug out, after being completely silted up in the course of the intervening years. Moreover, even when the drought was at its worst, the Wong-nai-ch'ung stream never failed to flow. Doubtless it was this natural water supply which attracted the first settlers to the Happy Valley.\n\nIn 1841 there were estimated to be 5,650 Chinese in Hong Kong. The number of Europeans, then resident on the island, is not known; but it must have been very small. Ten years later, in 1851, the population had increased to a total of 32,983 souls, of whom 1,520 were non-Chinese; and in that year the Colony's first waterworks were constructed, namely, five wells for the city supply. Again, it is interesting to remark that during the recent emergency we have had to fall back upon the opening of wells in Happy Valley and elsewhere to eke out our failing supply from the reservoirs.\n\nThe next step was taken in 1860, when two tanks were constructed in Bonham Road for the city supply; and once again I note that tanks have during the recent emergency proved to be one of the most useful means of combating the drought. The two tanks built in 1860 were, three years later, connected by an aqueduct with Pok-fu-lam, where in 1863 the Colony's first storage reservoir was completed. In that year the population of Hong Kong had increased to 124,850 souls, of whom 3,149 were non-Chinese.\n\nThe Pok-fu-lam scheme, like so many of the Colony's waterworks, was developed by successive stages. In 1863 the capacity of this reservoir was only two million gallons. In 1871 by reconstruction its storage was increased to 66 million gallons: and in 1895 an additional 4,400,000 gallons were impounded by the use of boards, making the total capacity of Pok-fu-lam reservoir 70,400,000 gallons. Meanwhile, in 1877, the conduit between Pok-fu-lam and the city was reconstructed; and, in 1890, four filter beds for this reservoir were built with an area of 1,360 square yards.\n\nThe second, and by far the largest, of the storage schemes on the island is that in the Tytam valley. The original section of this scheme was completed in 1889. It provided for a storage reservoir of 312,330,000 gallons, a tunnel 1.38 miles long, a conduit three miles long, and a service reservoir with a capacity of 5,700,000 gallons. In 1897 the dam was raised to impound an additional 72,470,000 gallons. The capacity of Tytam reservoir thus became 384,800,000 gallons, and by using boards this was further increased to a total of 407 million gallons. Meanwhile, in 1891, the Peak, which had previously been dependent on well water, was supplied from the city waterworks by pumping; and, in 1892, the city waterworks distribution scheme was completed.\n\nIn 1899 was completed the small Wong-nai-ch'ung reservoir with a capacity of 30,340,000 gallons, increased to 33,994,000 gallons by the use of boards; and in that year the total capacity of all storage reservoirs on the island, with boards in use, was 511,394,000 gallons. It is not now considered safe to increase the depth of water in the Pok-fu-lam and Wong-nai-ch'ung reservoirs by the use of boards. Both these old reservoirs leak and the leakage increases when boards are fixed. Moreover, as Tytam reservoir now overflows into Tytam-tuk reservoir, the use of boards in connection with it has been discontinued. The total capacity of these reservoirs has thus been reduced from 511,394,000 gallons in 1899 to 481,140,000 gallons at the present day. The Colony's population in 1899 was 259,312 souls, of whom 15,822 were non-Chinese.\n\nOn the 16th April, 1899, the New Territories were taken over and the British flag was hoisted at Taipo. Prior to that day the land population of British Kowloon, which, according to the 1891 census, was 19,997 souls, had drawn its water supply entirely from wells, and the only waterworks undertaken by the Hong Kong Government on Kowloon peninsula had been the construction, in 1895, of three wells, north of Yaumati, to supply 250,000 gallons a day. But from 1899 onwards increasing attention was given to schemes for storing water on the mainland. The construction of the Kowloon reservoir and of the Kowloon waterworks gravitation scheme began in 1902 and was completed in 1910. Its storage capacity at overflow-level is 352 million gallons, but with the sluices down an additional 32 million gallons can be stored, making a total of 385 million gallons. Next followed, in 1925, the completion of the Shek-lai-pui reservoir, with a capacity of 116 million gallons; and meanwhile, in 1923, work began on the Shing-mun valley scheme, which is still under construction, and about which I shall have more to say later on. Two small schemes on the mainland should, however, be mentioned at this point. In 1920 the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club requested Government to supply water to the links and club-houses at Fan-ling; and, as private residential development also had begun in the vicinity, a gravitation system was constructed to supply the district, water being obtained from a perennial stream to the west of the golf course. The distribution system now extends from Fan-ling village to Kam-tsin village and the average daily consumption this year has been about 17,000 gallons. It was further decided, in 1922, to place the Taipo water supply on a more satisfactory basis. Prior to that year houses in the neighbourhood of Taipo were supplied from sources of doubtful purity and Taipo Market itself was dependent on wells. An intake has now been formed in a large stream near Taipo; all cultivated ground above the intake has been resumed and the catchment area has been made into a forestry reserve. A 4\" main has been laid and supplies Taipo Market and other villages as well as the residential buildings in the vicinity. The daily consumption at present amounts to 40,000 gallons.\n\nPage 100\nPage 101",
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        "id": 523819,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "page_number": 73,
        "title": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "content_text": "89\n\n34\n\n-\n\nwith enough accommodation to store all the dollars we need, but even in that event it would seem that if we are to supply the currency needs of Canton the note-issuing banks will have to issue notes against the security of the stored dollars.\n\nIt would, therefore, appear at first sight to be a better plan to issue further notes against the security of bar silver stored in London, or, if the note-issuing banks cannot supply the demand owing to the limitations imposed upon them by their respective note ordinances, for the Government to issue to banks Silver Certificates against bullion stored to order of the Government in London, such Certificates to be of high denomination, say not under ten thousand dollars, for use between banks in the adjustment of their clearing balances.\n\nThere are precedents for the issuing of Silver Certificates for the settlement of inter-bank clearing balances, as temporary measures for expanding currency in times of stress. Such Certificates were issued in 1893 by the New York Clearing House to the extent of nearly fifty million gold dollars against securities and sound commercial paper to an amount of 25 per cent above the par value of the Certificates. Only by their use were the National Banks saved from suspension. In 1907 recourse was had in New York to Clearing House Certificates in similar circumstances.\n\nHere we have no proper Clearing House and it is suggested that the Government should issue these Certificates, fully secured against bar silver. As an appendix I enclose a scheme proposed by Mr. Priestley that discusses this matter in detail. It is a feasible scheme and would no doubt be effective. All that can be said against it is that it is an emergency measure that calls for Government intervention in matters that have hitherto been outside the province of Government. It implies that the present state of affairs is critical, whereas there is a responsible body of opinion that, while not minimising our difficulties, does not consider that they can be better handled by the Government than by the Banks. That the main principle of the scheme is sound is beyond doubt. It may be a short way out of our trouble, but it may well be that a longer and more thorny path will lead us to the same end with less disturbance to business.\n\nIt is a matter of opinion. We might, I think, have got rid of the premium in two years without anything like the trouble that has been caused by trying to get rid of it in a few months. At any rate, Mr. Priestley's scheme could hardly be put into operation unless the banks unanimously requested the Government to intervene and the Government agreed to do so, and neither eventuality seems likely at the moment.\n\nThe difficulty urged with regard to the further issue of notes is that there is no real standard by which we can estimate the true currency requirements of the Colony and its financial dependents. All speculations on the subject must be largely empirical because we do not know where our bank-notes are and for what purpose they are being used.\n\nIf, as is not unlikely in these troublous political times, they have been extensively hoarded, the note-issuing banks may well pause at the prospect of feeding further an apparently bottomless pit with banknotes while filling up their coffers with silver reserves. There is no risk in issuing notes that are properly secured, but it is no part of the functions of banking to facilitate the hoarding of money. On the other hand, if there are indications that the present issue is insufficient to meet the genuine demand of capital for productive employment, the issue should be increased.\n\nThe process of increasing it will tend to get rid of the premium on paper, and until that is accomplished, it seems hopeless to tackle the problem of what our real currency requirements are. The \"absence of exchange-buying power\" referred to by the Hong Kong Bank is nothing but the result of speculation on the paper premium, or of purchases having for their object the reduction of the premium. Those banks that had the power to buy can prudently buy no more until they can get trade sales in cover of their purchases. Failing this, they must import silver dollars or issue notes against silver purchases in London.\n\nThese observations, I fear, have been somewhat discursive, and I will now state the conclusion at which I have arrived after carefully considering the alternatives.\n\n35\n\n-\n\nI see no other remedy. The natural corrective is the continued importation of silver dollars. Banks that weigh present profits against present difficulties of handling and potential difficulties of disposal will import dollars if they decide that the balance is in their favour. It may be that the banks that are most concerned with the removal of the disabilities attaching to the import of silver will later be more concerned with the disabilities attached to its export. That remains to be seen. Failing a legal embargo on the import of silver dollars—a measure that, in my opinion, would be most unwise—the simplest remedy is the one clearly indicated by our currency system, imperfect though it may be. The import of silver dollars will continue and exchange will fall until parity with silver is reached. Patience is all that is needed, and with the principal banks all working towards the same end, there is no reason to suppose that parity will not be reached within a reasonable time, say six months. At any rate, nobody who has followed the course of exchange latterly can fail to be impressed by the fact that the banks are doing all that is possible to remedy the situation, and that the daily tendency is in the right direction. There may be troublous times ahead, but we may, I think, hopefully look for the swing of the pendulum before September, and I consider that any drastic action now that would interfere with the normal course of events would probably do more harm than good.\n\nYours faithfully,\n\n(Signed) C. CHAMPKIN.\n\nVI-D (1).\n\nMemorandum by Mr. H. H. Priestley.\n\nSCHEME PROPOSED TO BRING THE VALUE OF THE HONG KONG DOLLAR TO THE PARITY OF SILVER.\n\nThe issuing of notes in the Colony, replacing the free circulation of Silver Dollars, has been a monopoly in the hands of three of the British Banks, and has been in force for some time, although for how long I am unable to say. This replacement was so effective that Silver Dollars were no longer acceptable as currency, although still remaining, according to ordinance, the legal tender of the Colony, but even the payment of taxes, etc., Government refused to accept Silver Dollars.\n\nThe decision arrived at in October last, to reinstate the free circulation of Silver Dollars, interchangeable with the note issue, was in effect a cancellation of this monopoly, a very necessary measure, if the Colony's cosmopolitan business interests are to be fostered.\n\nNevertheless, the minting, importation, and usage of Silver Dollars is not only a very costly procedure, but if continued, would, on account of the minting charges, etc., always be against the value of the Hong Kong Dollar falling to the parity of Silver, or what is really meant, falling to the value of the competitive dollar current in the Colony's keen business rival, Shanghai.\n\nFurther, the receiving and paying out of Silver Dollars, apart from the storage question, is a very clumsy method of handling large sums of money, and the banks, therefore, petitioned the Government to permit an increased note issue, to obviate the necessity of bringing more Silver Dollars into the Colony, and for this extra note issue, Government was asked to waive the customary one per cent tax, and, after considering the exceptional circumstances, and with a wish to ease the situation, Government agreed, and authorised the note-issuing banks to make the further issue.\n\n90",
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    {
        "id": 523828,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "page_number": 82,
        "title": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "content_text": "THE HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS &\n\nLondon at the beginning of last month was due to a large selling on Continental account, mainly French. In all probability the French silver represents old silver coinage melted down and refined, the supply of which is now found to be in excess of the amount required for the new French silver coinage, which consists only of 5-franc pieces. These, moreover, are much smaller in size than the old pieces, owing to the fall in the value of the franc. It is impossible to say how long the French sales will continue, but they add another adverse factor to the many which oppress the silver market. An interesting statistical effort has been made by one of the firms in the London bullion market. It shows the monthly fluctuations in the price of silver since 1833, together with the yearly average, imports of the metal and exports to the East, and other particulars. Marked steadiness was shown by the price in the first part of the period covered, the yearly average up to 1873 ranging from about 59d. to 62d. Wide fluctuations occurred as a result of the Great War, the average rising from 23 11-16d. in 1915 to 61 7-16d. in 1920. Last week-end silver stood at less than 18d., a drop of 43d. in ten years. Reuter tells us in a Shanghai message that the value of the tael has dropped from 111d. in 1920 to less than 23d. to-day. That comparison is rather misleading\n\nunless it is remembered that it was just ten years ago the big slump in silver came. In 1920 the Hong Kong dollar went up to 74d. at one time, but its lowest point during that year was 35d., since when the value of the dollar has been steadily decreasing together with the decline in silver.\n\nMail advices from London state that the new low level touched by silver last month scarcely occasioned any comment, doubtless for the reason that the business world had been amply warned as to the position, and was prepared for lower prices. For weeks the bullion brokers had represented the outlook in the gloomiest terms, and such buying as low prices had induced was not of sufficient importance to stem the rot. Indo-China has added to the pessimism by adopting gold as her currency standard, and then came the disquieting news from Persia that the Medjliss had passed a Bill prohibiting the import of silver. Persia, like China, has suffered severely through the depreciation of the metal and has been contemplating the institution of a gold basis for her currency. The new law will probably prove the first step in this direction. The possibility of the adoption of gold as a currency standard by \"silver\" countries represents, of course, a most serious menace to the future of silver prices. Of more immediate moment, however, to silver-using countries, of which China is by far the most important, is the serious effect of the low price of silver on the exchange value of their currencies and the resultant increased cost of their imports. The greatly increased cost of foreign goods owing to the low exchange value of silver currency must result in reduced buying, and the possible elimination of so-called luxury lines altogether. Even the Chinese exporter receives little, if any, advantage from the greater amount of dollars to be got for his goods. These move slowly from the war-ruined interior, and the benefits of cheap labour have been off-set by recently imposed heavy taxation. Moreover, silk and tea, China's staple exports, are little wanted to-day in the world's markets. Another aspect of the question is of concern to British exporters, particularly the textile trades. Manufacturers in China are making lines formerly obtained from Lancashire, and the silver crisis cannot but help giving an impetus to them, the effect of which must endure.\n\nCurtailment of production is considered to be the most likely factor to stabilise the silver market, but as a large percentage of the silver produced is a by-product, it is necessary to examine the lead, copper, and zinc markets in order to get an idea of the prospects of restricted silver production. The outlook for copper for this year is considered good. Production should remain high, although it is probable that the figures for the first half of 1930 will be lower than those for the corresponding period of 1929. The situation in regard to lead is also good, and there is no indication of any material falling-off in the production of this metal. The zinc market declined sharply at the end of 1929, and the present level should cause a material curtailment of production, both in the United States and elsewhere. Not much comfort can be derived from these reports, for good prospects in regard to copper and lead are bad prospects for those who hope for a diminished production of silver. Data recently available, indicate that the world production of silver in 1929 will closely approximate that of 1928. An estimate of 256,500,000 ounces indicates that there will be 61,000,000 ounces from the United States, 105,000,000 ounces from Mexico, and 22,500,000 ounces from Canada. Of the remainder 28,500,000 comes from South America, principally Peru. Total supplies of silver, including demonetized Continental coin and Indian Government sales, are estimated to be in excess of 300,000,000 ounces.\n\nWhat will happen next it is not easy to say. The general opinion at the beginning of 1929 of those who were in a position to judge proved to be a long way out, and the same thing may happen in regard to forecasts for the present year. China is expected to be the chief consumer of silver during 1930, but the continued absorption of the metal depends upon trade conditions, which in turn very largely depend upon the stability of the political situation. The end of civil war would bring a speedy recovery of trade, but what prospect is there of domestic tranquility in China? The inquirer who requires enlightenment on this point will find it in Mr. BELL's speech of ten days ago. There is nothing optimistic in the silver outlook for 1930 except that possibly the unprecedented low price is in itself reason to hope that the decline cannot continue, but this hopeful prospect depends upon a very dubious possibility. Meanwhile we are faced with the very definite and\n\n[March 7, 1930\n\n77\n\ndisconcerting reality that the cost of living is rapidly increasing while the value of the dollar is dwindling.\n\n101",
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    {
        "id": 523830,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "page_number": 84,
        "title": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930",
        "content_text": "TIMES - 26th March 1930\n\n9.03\n\nExtract from report of speech by Ms. J.M. Ryrie,\n\nCHINA AND HONG-KONG\n\nIf, in referring to China, I say it is very difficult to understand or follow the constantly changing political situation, I know you will not express surprise. But from the information at my disposal it seems clear that, in spite of civil war, indifferent transport facilities, increased taxation and predations by bandits, there was a further improvement in trade last year, the very large increase in the receipts of the Maritime Customs giving evidence of this, though of course much of this increase is due to higher tariffs and probably to anticipation of these coming into force. At the same time I find that the shipments of cotton piece-goods from the United Kingdom to China and Hong-Kong last year decreased in both quantity and value when compared with 1928, the value falling from £6,450,000 to £6,170,000, this no doubt being due to Japanese competition. The fall in silver, however, from 26¼d., the average price in 1928, to 24¼d., the average price last year, with the consequent decline of the Shanghai tael from an average rate of 2s. 7d. to 2s. 4d., and the decline in the average rate of the Hong-Kong dollar from 2s. 0¼d. to 1s. 10¾d., was not helpful to Manchester shippers, while the further fall in silver this year to a record low level must be making business with China and Hong-Kong very difficult.\n\nArising from the decline in the value of silver the notes issued by the banks in Hong-Kong rose to such a premium on silver dollars that the export trade of that Colony was handicapped in competition with Shanghai, and to remedy this position the banks were asked to cooperate with the Government in bringing Hong-Kong dollar notes more on a parity with the silver dollar—that is, to re-establish exchange on a silver basis, and this has now been accomplished, one of the results being the coinage of a large number of silver dollars for shipment to Hong-Kong, which I regard with apprehension. It will be interesting to see what action China takes to protect herself against this serious depreciation in the value of silver, particularly as she is now the most important market for the metal. At present there are various rumours as to this, one going so far as to say that the importation will be prohibited, and another that, following the example of India, she will impose a duty upon imports of silver. In the meantime and from February 1 last import duties have been levied on a gold basis.\n\nChairman of the Mercantile Bank of India at annual general meeting in London, 25.3.30",
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        "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "page_number": 123,
        "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "content_text": "# COLONY OF HONG KONG\n## SCHEDULE OF ADDITIONAL PROVISION REQUIRED TO MEET EXPENDITURE IN EXCESS OF THE ESTIMATE FOR THE YEAR FOR THE PERIOD 1st April to 30th June.\n\n| No. | ITEM | HEAD | SUBHEAD | ORIGINAL ESTIMATE | PREVIOUS ADDITIONAL PROVISION | ADDITIONAL PROVISION NOW REQUIRED | TOTAL | ALREADY APPROVED BY LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL | ALREADY APPROVED BY SECRETARY OF STATE | SPECIAL WARRANT | SOURCE OF SAVINGS |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 10 | Resumption at Fanling. |  |  | 3,150 | 843 | 78 |  | 1.5.31. 14.5.31. 31 |  |  |  |\n|  | Office International D'Hygene Publique Paris, |  |  | 8,324 | 505 | 78 |  | 7.5.31. 14.5.31. |  | T |  |\n| 11 | Derailment at mile 9 and washout to Railway Embankment. |  |  |  | 5,000 | 10,000 |  | 22.5.31, | 83 |  |  |\n| 12 |  |  |  |  | 10,000 | 30,000 |  | 13.6.31. | 93 |  |  |\n\nTreasury, Hong Kong, 15th August, 1931,\n\n## REMARKS\n| HEAD | SUBHEAD | AMOUNT $ |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Grant To Advisory Education Committee. Increase required due to fall in dollar. |  |\n|  | Acquisition of Land leased to Golf Course. Contribution for 1931. |  |\n|  | Further funds required to be followed by comprehensive vote. |  |\n|  | Damage caused by rainstorm of 20.4.31. To be followed by vote. |  |\n\n**C. R. 281**  \n167  \nEan Pagla  \nColonial Treasurer.",
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    {
        "id": 527721,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "page_number": 145,
        "title": "CO129-530-3 Supplementary Expenditure- reports of the Finance Committee and quarterly returns 13-2-1930 - 7-6-1932",
        "content_text": "## 200\n\n6\n\nEstimates, 1931.\n\n* 14.-31, Public Works Extraordinary, Kowloon:- Additional 100 line Telephone Exchange Switchboard for Kowloon.\n\nProvision for this work was made in the 1930 Estimates under head 31, sub-head 67, “Additional 100 line Telephone Exchange Switchboard for Kowloon\" for the sum of $5,000. As the switchboard did not arrive in the Colony till the 19th of December, 1930, it was found impossible to complete the work in that year and only $3,600 was spent. The sum of $500 is now asked for in order to complete the essential installation work, for which no provision was made in 1931 Estimates. The above is to be met from savings under 'Miscellaneous Works\" Kowloon (1931 Estimates page 94 sub-head 44). (`C.S.O. 64 in 225/30`)\n\n15.-23, Police Force :- Traffic Light\n\nTo meet the cost of Traffic Signal Light erected experimentally at the junction of Jackson Road and Des Voeux Road Central. The experiment having proved a success it is now requested that a special supplementary vote to meet the cost-£70.0.0 at 1/0 = $1,386 be approved. (`C.S.O. 3715/31`)\n\n16.-31, Public Works Extraordinary:-12, Hong Kong: General Works Miscellaneous. Providing black earth and turfing to grounds at \"Lysholt\"\n\nProvision made in Estimates (page 93 sub-head 12) ...$10,000. Part charges to provide a tennis court in the grounds of \"Lysholt\". The cost of the remaining portion of the work ($720) will be met from a Botanical and Forestry Department Vote (head 27, sub-head 11). (`C.S.O. 2924/17`)\n\n17.-As per schedule attached\n\nProvision made in Estimates (as per schedule attached)...$4,650. The provision made in 1931 Estimates was based on a rate of exchange of $1 = 1s. 4d. The sums provided have, in consequence of the fall in exchange, become insufficient in cases dealing with sterling payments. A number of cases appear in the schedule, and a vote for $1,453 to cover the total excess concerned is requested. (`C.S.O. 3250/30`)\n\n18-31, Public Works Extraordinary :-Miscellaneous, Resumption at Fanling\n\nBy an arrangement with the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club the Government resumed certain areas that were essential for the proper development of the course. It was agreed between the Government and the Club that moneys expended by the Club on the acquisition of land either directly from the owners or through the Government should be refunded to the Club and that on the said lands being leased to the Club (together with the remainder of the Club's former holding) the Club should pay, by way of additional Crown Rent, interest at the rate of 4% per annum on the moneys so expended. The amount required to be reimbursed to the Club is $8,324, which amount is now asked for, but against this sum the Government will receive as Revenue from the Club a sum of $1,527 owing for arrears of rent for areas occupied by, but not yet leased to the Club. (`C.S.O. 1205/11 III.`)\n\n| Item | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| 14.-31, Public Works Extraordinary, Kowloon | 500.00 |\n| 15.-23, Police Force | 1,386.00 |\n| 16.-31, Public Works Extraordinary | 1,407.00 |\n| 17.-As per schedule attached | 1,453.00 |\n| 18-31, Public Works Extraordinary | 8,324.00 |\n| Brought forward |  |\n\n19.-34, Miscellaneous Services:-Office International D'Hygiène Publique, Paris\n\nThis vote is requested to meet the contribution (£26.10.5 at 1/0 == $504.16) from this Colony towards the expenses of the \"Office International D'Hygiène Publique, Paris\" in respect of the year 1931. This grant will be required annually and provision will be made in Estimates for 1932. (`C.S.O. 4674/28.`)\n\n$13,070.00\n505.00\n**TOTAL** $13,575.00\n\nCarried forward $13,070.00\n\n## 201",
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    {
        "id": 544783,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "page_number": 89,
        "title": "CO129-548-1 Annual reports from various government departments 3-4-1934 - 11-6-1935",
        "content_text": "## 229. Lady Ho Tung Infant Welfare Centre, Fanling\nThis work was described in paragraph 190 of last year's report. The work proceeded satisfactorily during the year and was completed by November. The land and cost of the building were provided by Sir Robert Ho Tung.\n\n## 230. Resurfacing Taipo Road from Tai Wai Level Crossing in the direction of Taipo\nMargins, and an additional layer of 4\" macadam, tar-painted and chipped, were laid between the 8 milestone, Tai Wai Level Crossing, and the 123 milestone, and improvements were made to the road alignment. The area covered was 49,000 square yards.\n\nExpenditure \n$62,790.74\n\n## 231. Improvements to Fanling Water Supply\nIn order to improve pressure on the system generally, the following works were carried out during the year: A new intake was constructed at 286.59 O.D., approximately 76 feet above the then existing intake. A 5\" wrought iron pipe 575 feet in length was laid connecting the intake with the existing twin 3\" mains, cutting out the old strainer tank. A concrete strainer tank controlled by a ball cock and a steel storage tank of 30,000 gallons capacity, both having a T.W.L. of 229 O.D., were built on the hill near the 8th green, old course. 520 feet of 5\" cast iron main being laid as a feed from the existing system to the strainer tank. Twin discharge pipes consisting of 737 feet of 4\" wrought iron piping were provided from the storage tank and connected up with the existing golf club and village system. In addition, 140 feet of 3\" wrought iron piping were laid as a bye-pass to the two tanks.\n\nExpenditure \n$8,795.22\n\n## 232. Water Supply to Sheung Shui Police Station\n4,120 feet of 2\" wrought iron piping were laid from the Fanling cross roads to Sheung Shui Police Station.\n\nExpenditure \n$3,674.98\n\n## 233. Formation of Dumping Ground at Kun Tong\nInstructions to proceed with this work were received on 4-11-33. A series of guide pile stagings and frames were erected and a survey was completed.\n\n1933 Expenditure \n$4,304.63\n\n## 234. Archaeological Operations, Hami Wan Beach, Lamma Island\nExplorations of an archaeological nature were undertaken in the large deposit of sand at this beach under the direction of the Rev. Father Finn, S.J., this Department providing all the plant, tools, labour, etc., necessary for the execution of the work.\n\nExpenditure \n$935.00\n\n# LOAN WORKS\n\n## 235. New Gaol at Stanley\nThis work was referred to in paragraph 196 of last year's report. A Contract for the site formation was let to Messrs. Tung Shan & Co. for $261,751.50 on the 5th July, 1933, and good progress was made with the excavation and filling of the site and the construction of concrete foundations for the boundary wall and for several of the prison buildings. Work on the road to Wong Ma Kok Village, to serve the Prison site (see paragraph No. 197 of Report for 1932), which had been suspended on 22.9.32, was recommenced on 1.8.33 on the section of the road between pickets 0/00 and 19/50.\n\nThe question of compensation for the suspended period was under consideration at the end of the year.\n\n1933 Expenditure............ $115,664.58\nExpenditure to 31st Dec., 1933..... $162,244.36\n\n## 236. SHING MUN VALLEY SCHEME-1ST SECTION\n### Item Q, Hong Kong Gardens Service Reservoir\nThis work was referred to in paragraph 198 of last year's Report. The Reservoir, including the reinstatement of the gardens, and construction of various architectural features, was completed during the year. During construction, slight settlement of the main walls occurred at the N.W. corner of the reservoir and this was effectively dealt with by underpinning and grouting. The Reservoir proved very satisfactory under test and was brought into use on 4th May. The excavation for the Reservoir, which amounted to 25,560 cubic yards, was mainly utilized at the site, the surplus amounting to 6,880 cubic yards being removed and deposited at North Point Reclamation. The Reservoir, which is 276'-0\" long by 180'-0\" wide, has a capacity at a top water level of 240.25 A.O.D. of 4.957 million gallons, the average depth of water when full being 16'-6\". A gravity section division wall of an average height of 10-3\" divides the reservoir into two compartments, the capacity of the Eastern one being 1.590 million gallons, and that of the Western one 1.450 million gallons, whilst the capacity between the top of the division wall and top water level of the Reservoir is 1.917 million gallons. The 24\" supply main, which brings water from the Shing Mun Valley via the Cross Harbour Pipe, discharges into a gauge basin in the Inlet Control House from which the water is directed into either or both compartments of the Reservoir by means of two 24\" Penstock valves. Automatic recorders to measure the amount of water entering the Reservoir and also the height of the water in the Reservoir have been installed in the Inlet Control House. Two independent 18\" diameter draw-off pipes, one from each compartment of the Reservoir and controlled by separate 15\" Sluice Valves, discharge into a common 18\" main for distribution to the City. The main walls of the Reservoir, the foundations of which required reinforced concrete piles for the North wall and the North end of the East and West walls, were constructed of...",
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    {
        "id": 549458,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-555-10 Hong Kong Golf Club- ban on Asians 24-10-1935 - 13-2-1936",
        "page_number": 6,
        "title": "CO129-555-10 Hong Kong Golf Club- ban on Asians 24-10-1935 - 13-2-1936",
        "content_text": "6\n\n2.\n\nIt must be admitted that in practice the members would almost certainly exclude Asiatic residents from full membership, for they would be liable to be swamped in course of time if they did otherwise. Knowing this, I have during the last few months been trying to interest the Chinese Sporting Clubs in one of the few remaining pieces of land on the Island of Hong Kong where a Golf course is possible, but the depression makes progress difficult.\n\nThe position as regards visitors is entirely different and I do not think the Japanese or any other nationals are likely to have any just cause for complaint.\n\nIn the first place the Captain of the Club has full discretion to admit visitors of any race and in point of fact I understand Mr. Shudo actually played at Fanling with the Captain (Mr. S.H. Dodwell) on his recent visit to Hong Kong. Mr. Debuchi was invited to play but could not manage it.\n\nSecondly an arrangement has been made with the Travel Association whereby tourists can obtain admission without difficulty to the Hong Kong Golf Club Courses, except on Saturdays and Sundays, when the courses are normally crowded.\n\nI hope this letter gives you the information you require. No one is more anxious than myself that Hong Kong",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-555-10 Hong Kong Golf Club- ban on Asians 24-10-1935 - 13-2-1936.txt",
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    {
        "id": 562417,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-572-14 Proposed reorganisation of water services 7-4-1938 - 3-4-1939",
        "page_number": 68,
        "title": "CO129-572-14 Proposed reorganisation of water services 7-4-1938 - 3-4-1939",
        "content_text": "76\n\n\nment which may be expected to require renewal within a reasonable period of time, as is the common practice of other water undertakings and similar enterprises.\n\nThe proper accounting procedure is to build up a Renewals Fund to which such expenditure can be charged. In the absence of such a Fund, the cost of renewal must be met by other means; e.g., renewal of the cross-harbour pipe line is now necessary and will have to be met from loan. There is, however, a factor in Hongkong finance which forces a departure from orthodox principle—the military contribution. If annual contributions were made to a Renewals Fund and revenue raised from water charges to cover such contributions, a military contribution of 20 per cent. would have to be paid on such additional gross revenue. The revenue to be collected would therefore be 25 per cent. more than the Renewals contribution. On the other hand, if renewals are in due course financed from loan, the charges on such loan will, if present practice is maintained, be deductible from the revenue assessable to military contribution. Unless and until there is a change in the military contribution system, therefore, the balance of advantage lies in making no current provision for renewals but financing them in due course by loan. Any \"surplus\" of revenue which may arise should, as already indicated, be regarded as available for renewals.\n\nAnd yet the public is now being forced to finance renewals, not out of a loan (in which case the liability is equitably apportioned between the present consumers and posterity), but out of current revenue which is liable to a 20 per cent. payment for Military Contribution, and against the authoritative and expert views of the Financial Secretary set out above.\n\nGratuitous Charge Unjust\n\nFor the reasons indicated above, I submit that, however much opinion may differ as to the other items of expenditure set out in the Financial Secretary's Memorandum, there can be no question that this gratuitous charge of over $300,000 a year as a working expense of the Water Department is unjust, and cannot possibly be justified.\n\nApart from all questions of figures, the Financial Secretary's proposals are unsatisfactory for one fundamental reason, namely, that the charges do not take into account the difference between a necessary supply represented by a minimum consumption per head per household, and waste, or extravagant use, represented by a consumption in excess of such minimum consumption.\n\nThe desirability of making a more or less nominal charge for the initial minimum supply is frankly admitted by the Financial Secretary, and was stressed by no less an authority than the Governor in this former Council, Sir William Peel. I fear that one inevitable consequence of the new scheme is that the very poor will increasingly resort to the use of street hydrants, with all its obvious objections from the point of view of public health and hygiene. It seems to me a real pity that a scheme conceived in the noble spirit of helping the poor at the expense of the rich should contain factors which make the realization of the aim in view a matter of such patent impossibility.\n\nBurden On Tenant\n\nWhen meters per floor have been installed, the effect will be that in many cases the burden of water charges will be shifted from the landlord to the tenant, and I beg most respectfully to concur in the view expressed by the Financial Secretary, in paragraph 15 of his Memorandum, and I do earnestly appeal to the landlords to adjust their rents in consequence of the fact that the liability for water consumed has to be made by the tenant.\n\nBefore I sit down, I should like to pay a sincere tribute to the Financial Secretary for the obviously fair and sympathetic way in which he has tried to deal with this difficult problem, and for his manifest concern for the poor. His and Mrs. Caine's work and efforts in the cause of social improvement in the Colony have won the appreciation and gratitude of the Chinese community. It is therefore with genuine regret that I have felt it my duty to make the criticisms I have on his proposals. My own impression is that if he could have formulated a scheme without having to reconcile the irreconcilable views of different Government Departments, it would have materially differed from that now presented to this Council.\n\nSince Government has announced that it intends to proceed with the Financial Secretary's proposals subject to the modifications indicated above, and since this Bill forms part of such proposals, I regret that, as a matter of principle, I must record my vote against this Bill.\n\nDR. LI SHU-FAN\n\nPolicy of Profit Regarded As Unsound\n\nQUESTION OF HEALTH\n\nDr. Li Shu-fan said: As my colleagues, Mr. Chau and Mr. Lo, have dealt with the various aspects of the Bill so systematically and comprehensively, there is little I can usefully add. I wish to associate myself generally with the remarks made by Mr. M. K. Lo, whom I regard as an authority on the Colony's water problem.\n\nHowever, there are certain points which I wish to emphasize and to bring to your notice.\n\nI am surprised to find that the Government's proposals, as set out in the Finance Secretary's memorandum, are not in line with the expressed policy of the Government in the past not to make water a source of revenue. I consider any policy which has the effect of making a profit out of the public water supply, however small, is based on unsound premises. This may be refuted, but it cannot be denied that the proposed charges are not excessive and are inequitable. Such a policy is not only unsound but is a menace to public health. This is so when you remember that the poor will have to pay for every drop of water used after the free allowance is abolished; epidemics usually originate from the slums and districts of the poor.\n\nUse of Hydrants\n\nThe adoption of the new scheme will undoubtedly have the effect of forcing the poor to resort to the supply of street hydrants. If so, I can envisage the days when people will remain, waiting and perhaps fighting for hours for a bucket or two of water. As an example of the unfairness and the inequity of the new scheme, I may quote the charges for the Peak District, which is 45 cents per thousand gallons, even though the extra cost of pumping to the Peak District alone is 30 cents per thousand gallons. Actually, Peak residents will pay 15 cents, whereas the rest of the colony on the lower levels, including the poor, will pay 25 cents per thousand gallons.\n\nI note in Appendix III of the proposed ordinance, under the heading of 'Free Allowances of Water', that the Royal Hongkong Golf Club of Fanling is given a supply of six thousand gallons per day free of charge. I can understand and heartily endorse special grants to the hospitals and charitable institutions as enumerated in Appendix III, but by any stretch of imagination can this club be considered under the same category? In fact, this club, like the Peak District, is exclusively reserved for the Europeans. Under the circumstances, is it fair that 97 per cent. of this colony's population be asked to pay for the privileged few?\n\nI regret that, as the Bill is so unsound in principle and not in the best interest of the people, I am compelled to register a vote against it.\n\nGOVERNMENT REPLY\n\nPoorer Class People Pay Definitely Less\n\nCHARGES EXPLAINED\n\nReplying on behalf of the Government, the Financial Secretary said: I should like, to begin with, to refer to the closing words of Mr. Lo's speech. He refers to the difficulties of reconciling the views of different Government departments. In this question, it is not only a matter of reconciling the views and interests of different Government departments. There are a wide variety of interests among the whole community—landlords, tenants, Peak residents and residents on the lower levels, domestic and trade consumers—and any scheme for water finance is bound to be imperfect from the point of view of any one of these interests. I cannot, therefore, hope to answer to the satisfaction of everybody the criticisms which have been made. In practically every issue which has been raised in this Council and in every discussion on this subject, it has been necessary to strike a balance of advantage.\n\nSecondly, Mr. Lo made reference to the statement that the views expressed by the District Watch Committee and the Chinese Chamber of Commerce had been taken into consideration in modifying the proposals, and expressed some doubt as to whether they had been really considered. But I can assure him they have been.\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST  \n16th September, 1938.\n\n4",
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    {
        "id": 563147,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "page_number": 11,
        "title": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "content_text": "# No.718.\n\nSir,\n\n3 53926/38\n\n**GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONG KONG.**\n\n26th September, 1938.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch No.231 of 28th July, 1938, on the subject of a golf course for the Kowloon Golf Club.\n\n2.\n\nIt should perhaps be explained at the outset that membership of the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club, which obtained a lease of land in the New Territories on favourable terms as shown in Mr. Harcourt's despatch No.11 of 10th January, 1913, though open to persons of any race or social standing, is in such demand that it has of necessity to be restricted by the process of ballot. The natural outcome of this has been that membership has been confined to Europeans of a certain position; in fact, no Chinese or Eurasians have ever applied for election. The Kowloon Golf Club, therefore, has been a great boon to the less wealthier Europeans such as subordinate officers of this Government, junior employees of commercial firms, mercantile marine officers of lower grades, and numerous others who, by force of circumstances, find themselves unable to avail themselves of the amenities provided by the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club. Among the members of the Kowloon Golf Club are a few Chinese and Eurasians who have taken to the game. It is pertinent to mention also that the principal courses of the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club at Fanling lie 25 miles away from the ferry.\n\n**THE RIGHT HONOURABLE MALCOLM MACDONALD, M.P., &C., &C., &C.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 563149,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "content_text": "## 3. \n\n13 \n\n## 6. \n\nIt is the case that the proposals detailed in my previous despatch would bring about an amicable settlement of a vexatious dispute between the Military Authorities and the Kowloon Golf Club, into which this Government has inevitably been drawn. The club has no legal claim, of course; but I am not without sympathy for it in its plight. For example, admittedly the pavilion which cost approximately $12,000 and has now to be abandoned was built at their own risk and in full knowledge of the extreme insecurity of their tenure: on the other hand there is no reason to think that they were aware when they spent the money that an enlargement of the military garrison was being planned on a scale which would necessitate the whole time use of the range and the consequent disuse of the golf course.\n\n## 7. \n\nBut I do not advocate the new scheme altogether or even principally on that ground. My reasons are firstly that it is very desirable for the sake of a not inconsiderable section of the community that the Kowloon Golf Club should be able to continue its existence, not least because it is the only golf club in the Colony which admits Chinese members: and secondly because the proposition is financially sound in itself. In effect, the Government would be investing not more than $50,000 in land, which would bring in a net return of $2,000 per annum. This would be an adequate rent for the premises and, incidentally, would be more than is paid by the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club for a very much larger area at Fanling. The latter was given favourable terms in view of the prospective benefit not only to railway receipts but also to the general development of the neighbourhood, both of which have justified such a policy. The site under discussion",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938.txt",
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    {
        "id": 563156,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-573-9 Kowloon Golf Club- alternative site 20-6-1938 - 28-10-1938",
        "content_text": "## ALTERNATIVE PROPOSAL FOR LEASE TO KOWLOON GOLF CLUB\n\n2.0\n\n(a) The Club at its own expense to become an incorporated association.  \n(b) The Government to expend a sum not exceeding $50,000 in obtaining surrenders of privately owned land.  \n(c) The Club, at its own expense, to construct and maintain a golf course, club house and other buildings required for golf, to the satisfaction of the Director of Public Works.  \n(d) If and when all surrenders have been obtained the Crown to grant a Crown Lease from year to year.  \n(e) No premium to be charged.  \n(f) Crown Rent at the rate of 4% on the sum expended at (b) to be charged.  \n(g) Provided all conditions of lease are complied with, tenancy not to be disturbed for 10 years, except for a public purpose, in which case compensation for expenditure on course and buildings will be made.  \n(h) The position, design and plans of Club House and other buildings to be subject to the special approval of the Director of Public Works.  \n(i) Boundaries to be settled by the Director of Public Works.  \n(j) Government reserves right to build roads across the area.  \n(k) Public and private rights of way (if any) across the area to be excepted or reserved.  \n(l) The land and buildings to be used only for the purposes of a golf club.  \n(m) Underletting or alienation in any other way to be prohibited except with the consent of the Governor.  \n(n) The Crown Lease to contain such other clauses as are usually inserted in similar Crown Leases in this Colony, and in particular, mutatis mutandis, those contained in the Crown Lease to the Royal Hong Kong Golf Club of Fanling Lot No. 1.\n\nPage 20  \nPage 21",
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    {
        "id": 577829,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-591-20 Reports on current situation 18-10-1945 - 7-11-1945",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-591-20 Reports on current situation 18-10-1945 - 7-11-1945",
        "content_text": "4-46 will be useful in replanting along the Castle Peak road.\n\nd. Taipo au Forest Reserve. Despite heavy felling by the Japs, there are still 2 large clusters of China firs, and a piece of land has been cleared for seed growing. Arrangements have been made with the Firewood Controller to carry away 70 tons of timber left behind by the Japanese.\n\ne. Deep Water Bay/Longueichung Cap area. Cutting of firewood has commenced and it is expected to have 30 tons daily and 5000 tons in all, available from this area. This work is required not only for firewood but also for thinning out purposes. Another source of firewood supply will come from thinning of roadside trees and the area near the Fanling Golf Course, but felling is not possible until trucking facilities are available.\n\nf. Damage to Rice Crops. A serious threat has been reported to the Autumn rice crop by the \"ing Chung\" caterpillar. Verification is necessary as those caterpillars have never been found among rice plants in the history of this Colony until this year. If these pests appear again, steps must be taken to eradicate them without delay.\n\ng. Afforestation. Further a great deal of work needs to be done next spring, for which preparation is now required in selecting sites, preparing sowing pits, and purchasing pine seeds from the interior, for this important work. The Japanese have done very considerable damage to trees during their occupation.\n\nh. Buildings. Nearly all of this department's buildings have suffered, but it is hoped soon to make many of them habitable since free quarters form an integral part of the emoluments of our permanent staff.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-591-20 Reports on current situation 18-10-1945 - 7-11-1945.txt",
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