[ { "id": 217720, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "page_number": 458, "title": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "content_text": "\n\nForeign Office continued, \n\n10fly. So Molliger will retain the fort. \n\nKansfer of certain hems botage of the Military Chest. \n\n13 Courts of Justice, Sir Johnasteries offer of. \n\n\"This Services in framing lect for the \n\nestablishment of : \n\nWhen dist. for Ippups of have in Phine \n\naffairs of Hong Kong. \n\n22 Criminal perisiction \n\npersisation over Chinese residing at Stong Kong. \n\nOv \n\nar de, opinion of Law Officers \n\n27 Regulation of Civil beforeditiere, bey of \n\n\"letter to Lecesury respecting. \n\n31 Kade, Peport of Laws officers relative to \n\nbail Sales Butt Pottingen rothshes fudinal prevers \n\nplacing him under authority of the Ley of Hate for the Colonies . \n\nunder \n\n13 Mr Websters claine to a plot of bound \n\ncircumstances reportedly Sir Wittiger My on formation of a Corumissariat bestatt July, Criminal Jurisdiction over Chinese replent \n\nat Hongkong, Careshored on \n\nForeign Office continues \n\nbyuls Point of Land opposite Hoghong, Sa Wottagers reasons for not having reused any, question with Chinese Govt raps! \n\n7 Judicial bases, Correspond e f f MP Minger on \n\nCustom House on Boland of hoolangtoo, \n\nCorrespond on estabt of. \n\n27 As to Chinese Works com Anchorage & \n\nas to interposition on behalf of Portugal if necessary. \n\nJay Gout Press&logy office, bull buttolligers \n\nDisps on Cher 42843/ \n\nLand, Port Pollengers less rests, \n\n& Construction of Buildings at Chudan Survey \n\nWht side of tory kory; ouls life \n\nfords Wolliger . \n\nAft of Count \"I fir If Potterger, Acts of \n\nwell be referred to docs Offers \n\nNaval Forces, Corresponde cuclosed. \n\nJufts At Cushing UMates Lorums or for them \n\nhus departed for his Post. \n\n6 Common Instat For Hottinger enclosed. \n\nQu..", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 221370, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]", "page_number": 173, "title": "CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4]", "content_text": "Certificate - from Fr dill, Colonial Governor\n\nза все Received Stanley 127 :ment, and recon then chokcha Police Establish.\n\nReferring to reduction in commending the harbour of Shekpai Saiwan as a Naval Station.\n\n23 Ihm Pafus sout to me are Letter from the Tearway deficlive. There must be some\n\n24 in Hennestättenz 1900ful This in for the information of the Tuning of the later partrusht Adeniraty FCM.\n\nentred Captain Maniellor 18454 Feneanied by UNE Murdock 30 MRSLophen 30 Lori Stanley / 27-10 1063 Akary an AAM5. 170 Drs.\n\n9 July 1845. Samsnicht by Lord Shinty toyon, herenith, the hair. bejne the L. C. the Adminlly, the let Shael khart gutlespetit promette fonemor f Thekparwan as a fit porting for a Navel Station.\n\nHowever, to follow the instructions more closely and correct the OCR output:\n\n## Step 1: Correcting Spelling Errors and Formatting\nThe given text appears to be a historical document with several OCR errors. The first step is to correct the spelling errors while preserving the original word count and order.\n\n## Step 2: Applying Corrections\nUpon inspection, the text contains several errors:\n- \"Fr dill\" could be \"Fredr.\" or a similar abbreviation, potentially for \"Frederick.\"\n- \"за все\" is not English and seems out of place; it might be a scanning error or a non-English annotation.\n- \"chokcha\" is likely an error; the correct term might be related to \"Chokcha\" or another geographical/political term.\n- \"Tearway\" likely should be \"Secretary.\"\n- \"deficlive\" should be \"defective.\"\n- \"Hennestättenz\" is not recognizable and might be a scanning error.\n- \"Tuning\" is likely an error; the context suggests it should be related to \"the Navy\" or a similar entity.\n- \"Adeniraty\" should be \"Admiralty.\"\n- \"Feneanied\" is unclear; it might be \"Forwarded\" or a similar term.\n- \"UNE Murdock\" could be a name or initials; \"UNE\" might stand for a title or department.\n- \"MRSLophen\" is not clear; it could be a title, name, or abbreviation.\n- \"Lori Stanley\" might be \"Lord Stanley.\"\n- \"AAM5\" is not clear; it could be an abbreviation or code.\n- \"Samsnicht\" is likely an error; it could be \"Signed\" or a similar term.\n- \"Lord Shinty\" is not a known historical figure; it might be an error for \"Lord Stanley\" or another title.\n- \"herenith\" and \"bejne\" are not English words; they could be scanning errors.\n- \"L. C.\" could stand for \"LegCo\" or another abbreviation.\n- \"Adminlly\" should be \"Admiralty.\"\n- \"Shael\" and \"khart\" are not clear; they might be scanning errors or related to \"Shekpai\" or other geographical names.\n- \"Thekparwan\" is likely \"Shekpaiwan.\"\n\n## Step 3: Reconstructing the Text\nGiven the errors and the need to preserve the original text as closely as possible while correcting obvious errors:\n\nCertificate - from Fredr., Colonial Governor\n\nReceived Stanley 127 :ment, and recon then Chokcha Police Establish.\n\nReferring to reduction in commending the harbour of Shekpai Saiwan as a Naval Station.\n\n23 ... sout to me are Letter from the Secretary defective. There must be some\n\n24 in ... 1900... This is for the information of the ... of the later ... Admiralty FCM.\n\n... Captain Maniellor 18454 Forwarded by UNE Murdock 30 MRSLophen 30 Lord Stanley / 27-10 1063 Akary an AAM5. 170 Drs.\n\n9 July 1845. Signed by Lord Stanley toyon, herewith, the hair. being the L. C. the Admiralty, the letter Shael khart gutlespetit promette fonemor f Thekparwan as a fit porting for a Naval Station.\n\nHowever, the direct output as per the guidelines should be in HTML format without markdown, and with minimal explanation:\n\nCertificate - from Fr dill, Colonial Governor\n\nза все Received Stanley 127 :ment, and recon then chokcha Police Establish.\n\nReferring to reduction in commending the harbour of Shekpai Saiwan as a Naval Station.\n\n23 Ihm Pafus sout to me are Letter from the Tearway deficlive. There must be some\n\n24 in Hennestättenz 1900ful This in for the information of the Tuning of the later partrusht Adeniraty FCM.\n\nentred Captain Maniellor 18454 Feneanied by UNE Murdock 30 MRSLophen 30 Lori Stanley / 27-10 1063 Akary an AAM5. 170 Drs.\n\n9 July 1845. Samsnicht by Lord Shinty toyon, herenith, the hair. bejne the L. C. the Adminlly, the let Shael khart gutlespetit promette fonemor f Thekparwan as a fit porting for a Naval Station.\n\nLet's directly correct and output in the required HTML format with proper corrections and minimal changes as per the rules.\n\nCertificate - from Fredr., Colonial Governor\n\nReceived Stanley 127 :ment, and recon then ... Police Establish.\n\nReferring to reduction in commending the harbour of Shekpai Saiwan as a Naval Station.\n\n23 ... sout to me are Letter from the Secretary defective. There must be some\n\n24 in ... 1900... This is for the information of the Navy of the later ... Admiralty FCM.\n\nentred Captain Maniellor 18454 Forwarded by UNE Murdock 30 ... 30 Lord Stanley / 27-10 1063 Akary an AAM5. 170 Drs.\n\n9 July 1845. Signed by Lord Stanley ... , herewith, the hair. being the L. C. the Admiralty, the letter ... as a fit porting for a Naval Station.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-011 - Sir John Davis - 1845 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 224747, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]", "page_number": 16, "title": "CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4]", "content_text": "Norf\n\nEncl:\n\nof\n\nBet att Subject of Despatote\n\nDeep\n\nN. of Date of Subject of Despatch. Desp. Desse\n\nsand committed on a\n\ncheet of Leasure\n\n\"belonging to the 6th Instalment of the\n\nChinese Indemnity.\n\n97 August 18 # Acknowledging receipt of Despatches\n\n98.\n\nto Nosh of 13th June 1876.\n\n14f the Reporting sales of the Apinn, dall\n\nand Stone quarrying Farms for the year 1846-47\n\nNone\n\n105\n\n17th.\n\n99.\n\n17th Replying to Despatch illilitary \"IP\" /\n\nTof\n\n100.\n\n#\n\nth\n\n2th April, on the Medical Notes on\n\nChina by Dr Wilson, as to the means\n\nNone:\n\nI promoting the palubrity of Hongkong . One.\n\nReplying to Despatches Nr. 43 and 47\n\nrelative, respectively, to receipts being.\n\nrequired from the Post Office for Government Despatches, and to the\n\nchange in the hour of the Mail Steamer's\n\nReplying to Despatch N. 55; as to the\n\n101.\n\n204\n\ndeparture from Honghong.\n\npostal.\n\n109.\n\n#\n\ncommunication with the\n\nfive ports of China, and on the\n\namennt of correspondence between them and Great Britain.\n\n24th Transmitting detailed half yearly\n\n103.195th\n\nrent\n\nut rolls of Hongkong from 24 June 1843, ti 31st December, 1845.\n\n25th Fransmitting Rules of the Supreme\n\nCount of Hongkong, and suggesting\n\nabridgement\n\nabridgement of the long interval for the Cerminal Sessions extending from\n\nJune to December.\n\n1014. Sept: 2nd Fransmitting Report and Estimate N\n\n5 of 1846, for levelling and preparing\n\na,\n\nsitofn the Government Offices and\n\nthe Colonial Churche 12th Reporting 18 months leave of absence\n\ngranted to Mr Sterling Attorney General to praced to England, or\n\n106.44th.\n\nsick certificate.\n\n108. 4th Refering to Despatch N.103, and transmiting additional Rules of the Supreme Court\n\n107.\n\n8th.\n\nly tong thong\n\nOne:\n\n108.\n\nOne?\n\nOne\n\nsog.\n\n110.\n\nSubmitting draft of an Ordinance for\n\nproviding against impunity of Convicts-\n\ncscaping from any\n\nother British\n\nCotomy to Hongkong.\n\n19the Submitting draft of an Ordinance for\n\n1582\n\n15th.\n\nextending the summe\n\nsummer jurisdiction\n\nNS.\n\nEnd\n\n13\n\n4.\n\n2\n\n3.\n\n4.\n\nOne\n\n2\n\nof the Magistrates, under certain cases Acknowledging receipt of despatches, from M : Gladstone to N = 60 of 5 July and from Luis Day, to do 3 of pufth July 1842. None. Replying to Mr Gladston is Despatch, 3:60 of 3th July, respecting Suit Pedder s functions as Harbour Master and\n\nMarine Magistrate\n\nNone.\n\n131\n\nAfter re-examining the text and following the instructions, here is the corrected version in HTML format:\n\nNorf\n\nEncl:\n\nof\n\nBet att Subject of Despatch\n\nDeep\n\nN. of Date of Subject of Despatch. Desp. Desse\n\nsand committed on a\n\nsheet of Leasure\n\n\"belonging to the 6th Instalment of the\n\nChinese Indemnity.\n\n97 August 18 # Acknowledging receipt of Despatches\n\n98.\n\nto Nosh of 13th June 1876.\n\n14f the Reporting sales of the Apinn, dall\n\nand Stone quarrying Farms for the year 1846-47\n\nNone\n\n105\n\n17th.\n\n99.\n\n17th Replying to Despatch illilitary \"IP\" /\n\nTof\n\n100.\n\n2th April, on the Medical Notes on\n\nChina by Dr Wilson, as to the means\n\nNone:\n\nI promoting the salubrity of Hongkong . One.\n\nReplying to Despatches Nr. 43 and 47\n\nrelative, respectively, to receipts being\n\nrequired from the Post Office for Government Despatches, and to the\n\nchange in the hour of the Mail Steamer's\n\nReplying to Despatch N. 55; as to the\n\n101.\n\n204\n\ndeparture from Hongkong.\n\npostal\n\n109.\n\ncommunication with the\n\nfive ports of China, and on the\n\namount of correspondence between them and Great Britain.\n\n24th Transmitting detailed half yearly\n\n103.195th\n\nrent\n\nut rolls of Hongkong from 24 June 1843, to 31st December, 1845.\n\n25th Transmitting Rules of the Supreme\n\nCourt of Hongkong, and suggesting\n\nabridgement\n\nof the long interval for the Criminal Sessions extending from\n\nJune to December.\n\n1014. Sept: 2nd Transmitting Report and Estimate N\n\n5 of 1846, for levelling and preparing\n\nthe Government Offices and\n\nthe Colonial Church 12th Reporting 18 months leave of absence\n\ngranted to Mr Sterling Attorney General to proceed to England, or\n\n106.44th.\n\nsick certificate.\n\n108. 4th Referring to Despatch N.103, and transmitting additional Rules of the Supreme Court\n\n107.\n\n8th.\n\nOne:\n\n108.\n\nOne\n\n110.\n\nSubmitting draft of an Ordinance for\n\nproviding against impunity of Convicts\n\nescaping from any\n\nother British\n\nColony to Hongkong.\n\n19th Submitting draft of an Ordinance for\n\n15th.\n\nextending the summary\n\njurisdiction\n\nof the Magistrates, under certain cases Acknowledging receipt of despatches, from M : Gladstone to N = 60 of 5 July and from Luis Day, to do 3 of fourth July 1842. None. Replying to Mr Gladstone's Despatch, 3:60 of 3th July, respecting Suit Pedder's functions as Harbour Master and\n\nMarine Magistrate\n\nNone.\n\n131", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-019 - Sir John Davis - 1847 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 256865, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-093 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [7-10]", "page_number": 223, "title": "CO129-093 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [7-10]", "content_text": "8981\n\n'mfor\n\n\"E28/ mmf of Signo worth it as mayo\n\nyrssong & Supponance\n\nBy\n\nropean ryh\n\nexovory inf\n\nOFFICE.\n\n1\n\n# CHANGES in the HOLDERS of OFFICES and APPOINTMENT in the Offices of HONGKONG, for the Quarter ended 30\n\nName of the Officer who formerly helded and annual Salary.Name of the Officer who is now\nthe appointment, and annual Salary.If appointed by Her Majesty's Govern-\nblu of Instuce\nJudge of the Count\nGIuristiction.WYC. Adams (on leave)$12,000.\nH. 9. Bull$ 7/200.YC. 9. Ball.$6,000.\nof authority of the Secretary of State.\nIf newly appointedby the Governor, date of authority,\nIf promoted from another Office or Government situa- tion in the Colony, descrip- tion of former appointment.Comparat Indogs of the Count\nW44110639. 6. Whyte$3,600.\nDecatPacket AgentStrangline.\nG. Baker$1,200.J. P. Martin$1,200.\nSolicitor.F. 9. HazelandE. D. Johnson.\nGovernor ofGurol.\"theGool Warden.\nI.you leaves$1,200.J. Scott\n(deceased)$14,920.6. Ryall.400.\n$600.b. RegallActing Superintendent$960\nRobert Sharps.$400\nColonialSecretary's letten til 1066th Erbuary1863\nWe 4sy of\n29the Apiril18603.\nраMe 54820the may,\n1863.DoSecond Police\nMagistrataWardenthe\nJune,\nDate of Governor's Despatch respecting the Change of office or ap- pointment, or the new appointment.\nNe my ast March,2221863\nbluma for Remarks.of\nDraws also haff salary.Indge of the Shummary1863\nDead 2W451\nDravsandart.also full Salary\nmayistrate.\nMt. Baker resigned,24th 1 Pchmay his appointment.1063.\nWe 11325th Stray291863\nWe12. 108 Bergans half sabing bendingthe Gach 21. Thing Gaol1863.\nAv. 161556 Head Tunikey.ft. Bene 2st hay,21\n7863.1863.\n\nPage 1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-093 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [7-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 267617, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866", "page_number": 124, "title": "CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866", "content_text": "1024\n\n\"known as to what the suspended Bank is expected to pay.\n\nHopes may have been expressed that Deposits and acceptances will eventually be paid in full, but it would be unwise to rely on such a result, and even should such expectations be well founded it will probably be by instalments only, spreading over a considerable time, that the money will be obtained.\n\nIn the meantime the Crown Agents will endeavour to borrow sufficient to protect the credit of the Hong Kong Government until sufficient time shall have elapsed for further remittances to arrive from The Colony.\n\n(Signed) P. G. Julyau\n\nAssets\n\nLiabilities\n\n \n Bank of England\n \n 10000\n \n \n \n \n 1 0 0 0 0\n \n \n a. For Jerne Malcance overpravd\n Bull on bt.\n \n \n \n Ca opinas & Brassensions Bank P\n acscinated with #Bank of England\n 6330\n \n \n \n \n 122\n \n \n \n \n 10000\n \n \n \n \n 077\n \n \n In July Stores\n \n 19539\n \n \n \n \n 3300\n \n \n # A\n \n 19639\n \n \n \n \n 2\n \n \n Ilves is exclusive of any payments artwelv of winch the Crown Agents Lending nothing, may be redevors in liceens of the Courage for the Mint C of sunis due to the wave Depentment f\n \n \n \n \n & Bracemuane Bank due on legro Do ove 38th Septembert and on the same Bank due on new inf may at fictive date be added to the Assets but at precens theref count apront any portions tainty about the affeces of the suspended Bande\n \n 10\n \n\nThe sum of £2000. (being the above Bill for $10,000 Jarly feuther Bice for $5000 the brands of the Crowns (Agents) Arvet du ps box machi of is becoming Offices of the brown Agents for the belenies Spring Gardens Loncient Qney 106le.\n\n(Signed) P. G. Inilgan.\n\nCrown Agent", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-117 - Public Offices - 1866.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 278136, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-137 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [4-5]", "page_number": 149, "title": "CO129-137 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [4-5]", "content_text": "C. I apprehend that however obsolete it is still more rare in these days that the question of Libel or no Libel should be decided by a Judge or by a Jury.\n\nInstead, I have arrived, in which that form is abandoned in amation. In several respects and in particular addressing myself to what has been called the sting of the Libel, there is not a word which could convey to the mind of anyone a notion that any portion of the £2,000 alleged to have found its way to Lisbon had reached the hands of Senhor Ameral as a bribe or money gift to him. The tenor of the whole is indeed that his gratitude towards, his zeal for, his constituents, not any money bribe, had incited him, and that that money was used, not to stimulate his zeal, but to further and aid his efforts as well. Money is used, it may be lawfully, it may be illegally, to carry elections or political measures or railway or canal undertakings in England.\n\nAgain, at the end of the alleged Libel, in what is called the second count, occurs this innuendo (\"meaning as before alleged of and concerning the Bull. and Leake 2 edit. of 1862 is not still false malicious and defamatory libel firstly hereinbefore set forth\"), words which import all the innuendoes or it may be only the last. Mr. Bayllar, for the Defendant, ridiculed the dissection of his plea by Mr. Pollard and submitted that taken as a whole it was a full answer to the information, which he contended consisted in form and in substance of one count only.\n\nBut he was less careful to sustain his own plea than to attack the information, which he insisted was bad, for that, taken by themselves, the two articles were simply fair comment on the public conduct of public men in reference to matters of the greatest public interest, and still more by reason that the meaning put on the libel by the innuendoes was such as the language would not and could not bear, and consequently that I must decide against it.\n\nI must say, I strongly incline to think that both counts of the information (if indeed they are so framed as to be two counts, as to which I give no opinion) are bad, and the Attorney General is bound by the meaning he puts on the alleged libel by the innuendoes now; to use the words of the Chief Justice Tindal, it is a clear rule of law that an innuendo cannot introduce a meaning broader than that which the words naturally bear, unless connected with proper introductory averments.\n\nThe well-known case of Rex v. Haurkey, 8 East 427, is the best illustration of this rule. Alexander v. Angle in Error 1, Crompton & Jervis 143 and see 5 East 467-469. I incline to think that the innuendocs here do throughout introduce meanings broader than the words bear.\n\nIt is unnecessary for me to consider whether any averments could have cured this defect.\n\nIt seems to me that the parties have been perplexed by rules of pleading, the Acting Attorney General in reference to his innuendoes and the Defendant as to the particularity of his plea, and especially by Bremridge v. Latimer and days have been wasted in argument when any common sense procedure could and would have easily defined—nobody doubted the real issue between the parties with certainty and precision.\n\nThe English pleading procedure has been abandoned everywhere under British Rule in Asia except in this Colony. In India, another system prevails, and for the Consular Courts of China and Japan, the Foreign Office has wisely prescribed a system of admirable rules as to procedure which simplifies the preliminary process.\n\nIt seems to me that the words of the alleged libel are incapable of the meaning ascribed to them in the innuendoes in the information.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-137 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [4-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 283713, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-148 - Public Offices & Others - 1870", "page_number": 285, "title": "CO129-148 - Public Offices & Others - 1870", "content_text": "## Memo\n\n284\n\nJudge Ball of Wong Kong, writer &o han certain original letters, inclosed the her late commd respecting the Plue Count, returned & hun ab In Blake In Butterworth's 5 Paper Buildings Temple.\n\nafter having had copies will you alum org paper to the Dall\n\nHOMA. Mus 15770 - NA 15 pag 70. Done 10 July 20", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-148 - Public Offices & Others - 1870.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 288600, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8]", "page_number": 545, "title": "CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8]", "content_text": "533\n\nMr May should like to hear from the witness' mouth whether with the Pardon in his hand and being on his oath, he still had the remotest idea of danger.\n\nQuestion put, when Mr La Forest said that having heard what was said, he was under the impression that he would be in danger if he answered the question.\n\nThe Magistrate asked the witness to reconsider his answer; the Magistrate had to determine whether the objection was a reasonable one or not.\n\nThe witness again said it was his firmest conviction that he would be endangered.\n\nThe Magistrate then said he had to decide the point. He decided that the witness must answer the question, and if he refused, he would have to commit him to gaol.\n\nExamination continued: This is my signature, but I cannot swear to the other signatures. I saw the first portion of the document written. It was written at Mr Dubost's house, without that gentleman's knowledge.\n\nMr Francis objected to further questions on the subject of the document. It must be first proved in a case of conspiracy the concert of the defendant before any act overt could be proved.\n\nContinued: The defendant never saw the document; he was not present when it was written.\n\nMr Francis maintained his objection that concert must be first proved.\n\nMr Toller said he would prove concert, and asked witness if a duel was fought by the defendant.\n\nMr Francis objected to the question on the ground that it was not relevant. The charge was for conspiracy, which commenced and ended in Hongkong; it mattered not whether the duel was fought or not.\n\nMr May decided that it was relevant; to contend otherwise was to carry the point of relevance to a ridiculous degree. If the duel was fought it showed that the defendant was cognizant of the document.\n\nQuestion put, when the witness replied that of his own knowledge, he knew that a duel had been fought between the defendant and one Torre Bueno.\n\nContinued: I acted as second to Mr Torre Bueno.\n\nMr Toller submitted that he had succeeded in proving the conspiracy; the witness was a second and the defendant a principal in a duel; he would ask some questions with reference to the document.\n\nMr Francis submitted that such questions were not admissible unless it was proved that the defendant was made cognizant of the contents of the document. The Magistrate asked witness if he knew that the defendant was made cognizant of the contents of the document.\n\nWitness replied that of his own knowledge, he did not know, and continued: the other second for Torre Bueno was J. F. Carrique. The seconds for Mr Checa were two Spanish officers, Ginard and Troujillo. All four of us met at Mr Dubost's house. The first day we met was Sunday the 28th July; we never met before. Mr Dubost's house is between Stanley Street and Queen's Road. The first part of the document was written on Sunday.\n\nMr Toller: Who wrote that?\n\nMr Francis objected, because the defendant was not present, and no acts done or declarations made in his absence could be evidence against the defendant.\n\nMr May said if this would form a link in the chain of evidence, it was relevant.\n\nMr Francis said he was not contending on the point of relevancy or irrelevancy; it could be argued that acts done or words passed in the absence of the defendant could not be given as evidence against him. This was against all rules of evidence.\n\nMr Toller contended that in a conspiracy, the rule of evidence was different from that for other offences, because means could be had in other cases to get evidence which in a case of conspiracy could not be had.\n\nMr May overruled the objection, saying that the question was not irrelevant; the Crown Solicitor was trying to give the Court all the knowledge the witness could impart.\n\nMr Francis observed that in that case his Worship abrogated his function as Judge and allowed the Crown Solicitor to do just as he liked.\n\nMr May thought Mr F. was not justified in making use of that expression. He would exercise the law to the best of his capability either for or against the prosecution. He would not say that the question was evidence, but he thought it was relevant to the case as it would form the link in the chain of evidence.\n\nMr Francis demanded its rejection, since his Worship had himself admitted that it was not evidence.\n\nMr May said he did not say that it would not be evidence eventually, what he said was in reference to the present stage of the case.\n\nContinued: I believe Trujillo wrote the document; the duel was fought on Monday at Kowloong, further east of the city, it was on Chinese Territory.\n\nMr Toller asked what was the result of the duel.\n\nMr Francis objected as the question was not relevant.\n\nMr Toller said he only wished to prove the contents of the second portion of the document. After further consideration, Mr Toller said he would not press the question.\n\nContinued: I spent Sunday night in the colony, but did not go to bed or undress, as I was running from one place to another. The latter part of the document was also written in the colony. I believe it was written either Monday or Tuesday. I think it was the same man who wrote it. All four of us were present, I signed the document. I don't know if the others signed it. I did not see; I was tired and was lying down when it was brought by a servant to me to sign. I put the document into my pocket. Before doing so I saw the writing on it; it appeared to be signatures. I returned to the Colony in a rowing boat: Torre Bueno was in the boat with me as well as Trujillo, Carrique and the doctor.\n\nMr Toller: In what state was Torre Bueno?\n\nMr Francis objected to the question, as it was irrelevant to the charge of conspiracy. Evidence that the duel was fought might be necessary, but the result was not.\n\nMr May overruled the objection, and Mr Francis wished a note of it be entered in the depositions.\n\nBefore doing so, Mr May wished to hear what Mr Toller had to urge.\n\nMr Toller thought it was all important to know whether Torre Bueno came back with a bullet wound; it showed the end of the duel.\n\nMr Francis failed to see how Torre Bueno's return with a broken leg could have anything to do with a conspiracy.\n\nMr Toller then withdrew the questions and asked if the witness saw the defendant strike Torre Bueno.\n\nMr Francis objected; the charge was not for an assault.\n\nMr Toller pointed out the count for sending a challenge to provoke to fight a duel; the mere threat to strike was held sufficient.\n\nQuestion upheld.\n\nI saw Mr Checa strike Torre Bueno. This was on Friday, the 26th. This was at Mr Checa's house, but the exact time I do not remember, it was some time in the afternoon.\n\nThe witness was then asked to give a narration of the occurrence. He declined, saying he would answer any questions that would be put to him. He did not know what to say.\n\nThe Magistrate said the Crown Solicitor could not know what had happened.\n\nMr Francis said he was bound to know, he was not here to fish for evidence.\n\n2", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 288601, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8]", "page_number": 546, "title": "CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8]", "content_text": "534\n\nContinued: The cause of the duel was the blows Torre Bueno received at the defendant's house as I have described before. I went to Mr Checa's house, because I heard of the arrest of Mr Torre Bueno on board a French steamer, and the warrant was not countersigned by me as Consul. I found the defendant and Torre Bueno were in the house. The defendant was rather angry and said something which I did not quite understand, it not being in French. They called each other offensive names. Mr Checa ordered Mr Torre Bueno to leave the room, He refused, and Mr Checa struck him. He struck him more than once; I did not count how many times. In consequence of this I and Mr Carrique carried a challenge on behalf of Mr Torre Bueno to the defendant. They spoke about a duel rather excitedly. The challenge was carried to the defendant the same evening at 10 o'clock by myself and Mr Carrique. Mr Checa said he would not fight the duel until certain transactions between Mr Torre Bueno and defendant were settled. I asked the defendant for the name of his seconds, but he did not give any.\n\nI then made out a procés verbal that Mr Checa refused to accept the challenge.\n\nAt this stage of the case Mr Francis asked the Court to strike out all the evidence that had been taken in reference to what had taken place in Mr Checa's house, as the refusal to fight the duel ended the transaction. The charge to provoke Torre Bueno to send a challenge terminated.\n\nMr May differed, as he thought the cause for a challenge still existed—the striking of the blows.\n\nContinued: After making the procés verbal I went home.\n\nI did not carry a second challenge. On the 27th I received a letter from the defendant. I don't know where that letter is; I may have destroyed it; I cannot produce it.\n\nMr Toller asked what were the contents of the letter.\n\nMr Francis objected, as it was against all modern rule of obtaining evidence.\n\nMr May overruled the objection, the witness being unable to produce it.\n\nContinued: Mr Checa in that accepted the challenge, and his seconds called upon me on the evening of Saturday. I was not there. I saw them on Sunday at my house.\n\nMr Toller here said that he had no further questions to put to Mr La Forest, and suggested adjournment of the Court for one hour,\n\nThe case was then adjourned till 3 p.m.\n\nThe case was resumed at that hour.\n\nMr La Forest was again placed in the box and examined by Mr Francis: When I went to Mr Checa's house, the defendant and Mr Torre Bueno appeared to be very angry. They were talking angrily and I heard the word \"playing\" and \"game\". The impression on my mind on hearing this was that one gentleman was accusing another of unfair playing. The defendant struck Mr Torre Bueno after those words were passed. Mr Checa ordered Mr Torre Bueno out of the house, and he was leaving slowly, Mr Checa struck him at the parlour door. It was about half a minute or 20 seconds after these words that Checa struck Torre Bueno. Mr Checa was more angry after these words than he was before. In my opinion, the blows were partly the result of what Torre Bueno had said. Mr Checa did not strike him before those words.\n\nWm. Deane, Captain Superintendent of Police, was then sworn: I produce the document marked A.\n\nMr Francis took objection to the witness' evidence on the ground that the defendant did not know the existence of the document, and it was therefore not evidence against the defendant.\n\nMr Toller contended that concert had been proved. It had been proved that blows were struck, a challenge was sent and accepted and a duel fought. What more evidence was necessary to prove concert? The rule of evidence was that concert had to be proved only.\n\nMr May wished to know what that document would prove in reference to the subsequent acts of the defendant.\n\nMr Toller said the document would prove that seconds were named by that agreement. He, (the Crown Solicitor) was prepared to prove that the defendant had acted in accordance with the statements contained in the document. He would recall Mr La Forest, who would prove that the duel was fought according to the terms of that document.\n\nMr May overruled the objection, and admitted the document.\n\nBy Mr Francis: I obtained that document from M. De La Forest at his house, or rather he handed it to me at my office. He went for it, I went with him, He returned with me to my office and gave it to me there. I had shortly before arrested Mr La Forest at his own house under a Warrant. I had no special search warrant to search Mr La Forest's house, nevertheless I did threaten to search the house or office if he did not give up the paper. I had every reason to believe in the existence of that paper in Mr La Forest's house. He refused all information of the paper at first. Without making any search I brought him up to the Central Station. There again I demanded the paper and threatened to search his house on a warrant. I did not say that I would break open his consular safe to look for the paper. I said I would search all places, even the chest. I said it would be necessary to resist any application for bail if he did not give up the paper.\n\nMr Francis: Now Mr Deane, do you know that you could not get a search warrant in a case like this?\n\nMr Deane: \"I did not think I would require any.\" He would act on his own responsibility to search the house.\n\nMr Francis remarked that it was fortunate that he did not, as he would be liable to an action for trespass.\n\nContinued: Mr La Forest gave up the paper under the influence of what I said.\n\n1. d'Almada e Castro sworn: I am Chief Clerk at the Colonial Secretary's office. I made the translation produced. It is a correct translation of the document marked A.\n\n53\n\nBy Mr Francis: The word \"sponsors\" would be the more literal, but \"seconds\" would be the more acceptable term for the original Spanish word.\n\nMr Toller submitted that that was the case for the prosecution, and asked for the committal of the defendant for trial.\n\nMr Francis, on behalf of the defendant, urged that the present charge of conspiracy to murder, framed under the local ordinance, had not been proved, at most a conspiracy to fight a duel was proved. It was not a duel that would be murder, but the shot which should happen to kill the person that constituted it a murder. The local ordinance was copied from an English act, which was passed shortly after the attempt to assassinate the late Emperor Napoleon III., in which one Dr. Bernard was indicted for a conspiracy to murder the Emperor under an old act of Parliament passed in the time of George the 4th, and Dr. Bernard was acquitted by the jury. A great deal of discussion ensued, which led to a new act being passed, and it was copied into the local ordinance. As he said before, a duel was not necessarily a murder, as was the case in the present affair, which was simply an affray, a breach of the peace. The cause which gave rise to the duel was the demand for payment of debt.\n\n3", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-158 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 288837, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "page_number": 210, "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "content_text": "816\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nhowever, and the daily business which is doing for manufacturing wants is at firm rates. In Canton Silk there have been sales at 178. to 173. 6d. for fair to good market Tsatlee, with certainly more general inquiry for this Silk, very few importers, however, are found willing to accept these rates. Japan Silks remain firm at last quotations, and Deliveries are fairly good, without any new movement of interest. being from 1st to 13th inst:-China, 974 bales; Canton, 308 bales; Japan, 263 bales; Bengal, 276; total, 1,819 bales.\n\nLONDON QUOTATIONS-Nov, 15.\n\nCurss.\n\nTsatlee, No. I\nRed Peacock\n305. 6l. to 31s. 6d.\n\nYuenfas and Hatnin, Nos. 1, 2, and S\nTaysaam\n29s. 6d.\n\nKeying, Nos. 1, 2, and 3...\nLong Keel\n24s. 6d. to 24s. 9d.\n\nChinese Throwns\n\n23s. 0d.\n\n20s. 0d.\n\nMaibosh and Siuchu, Nos. 1, 2, and 3\n\n24s. 0d. to 25s. 6d.\n\n25s. 0d. to 30s. 0d.\n\n28s. 0d. to 24s. 6d.\n\nJAPAN.\n\nIdah, No. 2\n\n20s. 0d. to 27s. 0d.\n\nSodai, No. 2\n\n24s. 6d. to 25s. 6d.\n\nOshtu, Nos. 1, 2, and 3...\n\n25s. 0d. to 30s. 0d.\n\nKochin, No. 2...\n\n28s. 0d. to 24s. 6d.\n\nElchizen\n\n20s. 6d. to 24s. 0d.\n\nMashta\n\n20s. 0d. to 23s. 0d.\n\natehoji...\n\n20s. 0d. to 24s. 0d.\n\nCAMPHOR.--China has slightly declined; of 176 cases offered in the public sales about half has been sold at £3 15s. 6d. to £3 16s., and a small business has been done privately on corresponding terms.\n\nCARDAMOMS.-There has again been an absence of business in Ceylon.\n\nCocoa Nuts.-The market for Cochin has been firm, and sales of fine have been made at £38 15s. both privately and at auction. Ceylon is steady at the previous value; viz., £33 10s. to £35 15s. per ton.\n\nCEREALS. The market continues very dull, and there are no transactions to report.\n\nCotton. The advance reported last week is maintained, about 500 tons having changed hands at 20s. to 22s. per cwt.\n\nDRAGON'S-BLOOD.-Little doing; 29 cases lump offered in public sale were retired.\n\nEBONY.-Ceylon is still very scarce, no part of the supplies reported to be afloat having yet come to hand. Good quality is still quoted £24 per ton, but no transactions are reported.\n\nESSENTIAL OILS.-Aniseed steady; about 100 cases sold privately at 9s. 8d. down to 9s. for a few cases, since which it has slightly rallied, and there are buyers at a shade advance; 13 cases at auction retired. Cassia very firmly held. Nutmeg firm; 6 cases sold at 9d. Citronelle again dull. Cinnamon: Fine, scarce, and wanted. per oz. Lower, and dull: 75 cases at auction, only a few sold at 2¼d. per oz. Lemon Grass: Value nominal, and difficult of sale; 40 cases retired.\n\nGUMS.--Benjamin: Siam quiet; 20 cases at auction retired; Sumatra also quiet; of 62 cases offered, one-half sold; 2nds, dark to fair, £7 2s. 6d. to £8 2s. 6d. Copal: Cheaper and very dull; 80 cases offered and retired; small sales privately at 80s. per cwt. for good. Damar Quiet and cheaper 150 cases sold at 53s. 6d. per cwt. for good clean, but rather dusty and yellow. Gamboge: Quiet.\n\nGUTTAPERCHA.-Market dull; 648 packages at auction nearly all sold; close reboiled and part genuine, 1s. 6d. to 1s. 6½d., mixed with fine white, 1s. 4d. to 1s. 4½d.; white fair to good clean, part barky, 1s. 1d. to 1s. 3d.; close reboiled and part perished and weak, 1s. to 1s. 0¾d.; Sumatra, barky and part loose, ¾d. to 1s.\n\nHEMP. The market for Manila continues weak, the supply being still considerably in excess of requirements; the small business done establishes a light decline in prices. Of 1,992 bales offered in public sale yesterday the bulk was bought in, fair to good raping at £47 to £48 10s.; about 200 to 300 bales sold damaged third to first class at £44 to £47, fourth class, £42 10s. to £43 5s.; inferior sound at £44 5s. to £44 15s. per ton.\n\nHIDES. At the last sales, somewhat contrary to general expectation, there was a fairly active demand for East India Hides for both home use and export, and rather over three-fourths of the quantity offered was disposed of. Former prices were well supported for nearly all descriptions, and for some of the most desirable piles of Dacca and North-Western slaughtered an advance of ½d. to ¾d. per lb. was paid. Singapore and Penang realised about former rates. Singapore and Penang Buffalo were in full demand, and generally brought full prices; Calcutta and Java were mostly bought in.\n\nHORNS.-Siam Buffalo firm at the last quoted rate, viz., 36s. 6d. to 39s. 6d. per cwt. for 3 lb. to 4 lb. Horns. Ceylon Deer also firm.\n\nISINGLASS.-The market continues firm, and at auction of 4 cases offered, a few only sold at 2s. 8d. to 2s. 9¼d. for middling Pipe; 10 bales Manila purse sold at 6d. to 8¾d. per lb.\n\nINDIA-RUBBER.-The market is very quiet, and in the absence of transactions of any importance prices are unaltered.\n\nJAPAN WAX.-There is but little doing, but the market is firm, and prices are well maintained; small sales of fine saucers are reported at £4 18s. per cwt.\n\nMusk.-Market steady: 51 caddies Tonquin at auction sold; fair selected, well-shaped pods part horny 34s. to 34s. 6d.; and rough and badly, fair middling 17s. 6d. to 18s.; 19 tins Grain sold, fine at 56s. to 57s.; dark at 48s. to 48s. 6d. per oz.\n\n[Nov. 18, 1872.]\n\nPEPPER.-Black has been very dull, and there have been only small sales, chiefly of Singapore, at 6d. to 6¼d., at which the market closes. White is also cheaper, having been with an extremely dull tone, quitted at 1s. 0d. to 1s. 0¾d.\n\nPLUMBAGO Ceylon of fine quality is very scarce, but mixed is dull of sale; 133 barrels in auction sold; dust, good and very good at 12s. to 13s. 3d. per cwt.\n\nRATTANS are scarce, and supplies would realise high prices.\n\nRHUBARB The market for China is steady but quiet; of 126 cases offered three-fourths sold; sundried root fairly trimmed and fresh small to large, 2s. to 2s. 4d.; duller coat and more mixed in size, 1s. 8d. to 1s. 11d.; inferior, 10d. to 1s. 2d. per lb.\n\nRICE Although there is no activity in the demand, there is a steadier tone observable in the market, and better prices have been obtained, especially for floating cargoes. On the spot Askoolie has been sold at 10s. 4½d. to 10s. 6d., old Necransie at 8s. 6d. cash, and Moulmein at 9s. 6d. ex quay. The floating cargo per Surrey, 1,200 tons Rangoon, has been sold at 9s. 6d. continental terms, the floating cargo, per Voltri, 760 tons Necransic, arrived off coast, sold at 9s. 3¼d. for a near continental port, and a floating cargo of 750 tons Moulmain at about 9s. 3d. ex ship.\n\nSAGO.-Market very quiet, and little business done. Of 897 bags offered, half sold at 16s. 6d. per cwt. for good small, and 17s. 6d. to 18s. for good large.\n\nSAPAN WOOD.-Manila and Siam steady; 55 tons Manila sold at auction at £8 2s. 6d. to £8 7s. 6d., for good wood, some damaged. Ceylon firm and in demand, but no offers have been made during the fortnight.\n\nSHELLS.-No business since the sales of the 5th inst.\n\nSPICES.-Chunamon: There is a steady demand for Ceylon and a moderate business doing at previously ruling prices. Cassia Liguea: Quiet; 400 cases unworked at public sale retired. Buds: Quiet. Cloves: Amboyna firm; 2 cases good sold at 8¼d.; Penang steady; of 13 cases at auction, 3 cases fair sold at 1s. 4d. to 1s. 4½d. per lb.; the remainder common retired. Mace: Steady. Nutmeg: Cheaper; of 450 packages at sale, a large proportion sold; 87's to 77's, 8¼d. to 8s. 7d.; 90's, 3s. 2¼d. to 3s. 3d.; 116's to 108's, 2s. 9¼d. to 2s. 10¼d.; but a large proportion common, shrivelled and worm-eaten sold at low rates.\n\nSoy.-Ching in very flat, and of 100 casks offered at auction only a few sold at 1s. 9d. per gallon. Japan: No business done.\n\nSTICKLAC.-Siam firm; 82 cases at auction sold at £4 8s. 6d. to £4 9s. for good quality.\n\nSTAR ANISEEDS.-Market quiet, and there are no transactions to report.\n\nTAPIOCA.-The market has been quiet, and closes dull. Of 8,000 bags at auction one third sold; Singapore at 2¼d. to 2½d. per lb. for middling to very good, and Penang 2¼d. to 2½d. middling to fair.\n\nTIN has declined £2 to £8 per ton, but the market closes steadily; quotations are: Straits, on the spot and afloat, £140; Banca, £155; Billiton, £146 per ton.\n\nARTICLES OF EXPORT.\n\nMANCHESTER GOODS.\n\nThe advance in the Bank rate to 7 per cent. has increased the dullness prevailing at the close of last week, and the sales effected since the 8th inst. have been extremely limited. At the close the market is without improvement in demand, and may be reported with a tendency of prices in favour of buyers.\n\nWidth...\n39 in.\n\nQuality...\nNo. 4.\n\nWeight..\n\nGRET SHIRTINGS,\n38-39 Yds.\n\n8.8.\n8¼d.\n\n9d.\n9¼d.\n\n9½d.\n9¾d.\n\nWidth....\n39 in.\n\nQuality...\nNo. 1\n\n8s. 6d.\n\n820\n\nGIBRALTAR\n\nMALTA............\n\nTHE LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH.\n\nOVERLAND ROUTE....\n\nThe PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY book Passengers and receive Cargo and Parcels by their steamers for-\n\nALEXANDRIA.)\n\nAden\n\nBOMBAY\n\nGALLE.....\n\nMADRAS\n\nCALCUTTA\n\nPENANG\n\nSINGAPORE...\n\nCHINA\n\nJAPAN\n\nAUSTRALIA\n\nNEW ZEALAND\n\n(Cargo only)\n\nTrieste\n\nFrom\n\nFrom Southampton-calling at Brindisi.\n\nAncona)\n\nEvery\n\nThursday\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nEvery\n\nFriday.\n\nEvery Monday,\n\nat noon.\n\nNov.\n\nNov. 15.\n\nNov. 4, 18,\n\n& Dec. 2,\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nat noon.\n\nat 3 A.M.\n\nThursday\n\nFriday.\n\nNov. 29\n\nNov. 21,\n\nat 2 P.M.\n\nat noon.\n\nMonday, Dec. 2.\n\nat 1.\n\nAnd all Ports at which the British India Company's Steamers call.\n\nAn abatement of 20 per cent. from the charge for the Return Voyage is made to Passengers who have paid full fare to or from ports eastward of Suez re-embarking within six months of their arrival, and 19 per cent. to those re-embarking within twelve months.\n\nThrough Tickets to Brindisi can be obtained of LEGEAU and Co., &, Baliter-street, B.C. (South Italian Railway Office).\n\nFor Rates of Passage Money and Freight and all other information, apply at the Company's Offices 122, Leadenhall-street, London; or Oriental-place, Southampton.\n\nOVERLAND ROUTE VIA MARSEILLES-MESSAGERIES MARITIMES DE FRANCE, CANNON-STREET - FRENCH MAIL STEAMERS LEAVE MARSEILLES (via\n\nON THE FOLLOWING SUNDAYS, at 8.0.) 10 A.M.-\n\nAva... Ponnai\n\nPriho\n\nMeikong\n\nSindh...\n\nProvence\n\nNov. 10\n\nNov. 24\n\nDec. 8\n\nFor\n\n...\n\nDec. 22\n\n...\n\nJan. 5\n\n...\n\nJan. 19\n\nAden, Galle, Singapore, Batavia, Saigon, Hong Kong, Shanghai, and Yokohama.\n\nThe steamers of the 24th Nov., 22nd Dec., and 19th Jan. connect at Aden with the steamers for Bombay and Mauritius.\n\nThe steamers of the 10th Nov., 8th Dec., and 5th Jan. connect at Galle with the steamers for Pondicherry, Madras, and Calcutta.\n\nFor Alexandria and Naples.. Every Thursday (noon)\n\nSaturday, &\n\nConstantinople\n\nAlgiera\n\n+7\n\nThe Company's weekly steamers to Alexandria connect at Alexandria with the English mail steamers from Brindisi to Bombay.\n\nFor Passage, Freight, or Information, apply to the Company's Agent, 97, Cannon-street, E.C.; G. I. FLETCHER and Co., Liverpool: at the Offices of the Messageries Maritimes of France in Paris, Lyons, Bordeaux, and Marseilles; or to SMITH and Co., Rotterdam.\n\n* Passengers eastward of Suez securing their Berths in London are entitled to the conveyance of their luggage free to Marseilles.\n\nPENANG, SINGAPORE,\n\nand JAPAN, The following high-classed SCREW STEAM and SAILING SHIPS will\n\nbe despatched as under:-\n\nDestination.\n\nLast\n\nClass.\n\nDock.\n\nShipping\n\nday.\n\n39 in.\n\n39 in.\n\n10\n\n23\n\n16\n\n5\n\n4\n\n7\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n17\n\n7\n\n8\n\n13\n\n8\n\n1\n\nCount\n\nPrice......\n\n12 x 9\n\n12x12\n\n14x13\n\n14 x 18\n\n14x12; 14x12½\n\n16x16\n\n16x15\n\nPH.D. 68.444.\n\n7s. 1d.\n\n7s.\n\n7s.\n\n7s. 1¾d.\n\nWeight...\n\nCount\n\nPrice......\n\nWeight...\n\n4\n\nCount...\n\nPrice......\n\nWidth\n\nQuality....\n\n# 1\n\n16x15\n\n16x15\n\n8\n\nN\n\n9\n\n0\n\n$\n\n4\n\n9\n\n4\n\n70\n\n16x16\n\n16x18\n\n17x17\n\n19x10\n\n12x8\n\n32x32\n\na.\n\n7d\n\n8s.\n\n10s.\n\n10s.\n\non.\n\n18.\n\n4¾d.\n\n10s.\n\n6d.\n\nPeng, Sing..\n\n49/50 in.\n\n34 in.\n\n60 in.\n\nHg. Kg.\n\n& Shanghai, via S.C.\n\n35\n\n36\n\n39\n\n45\n\n46\n\n49\n\n56\n\n59\n\n*\n\n0\n\n3\n\n◊\n\n00\n\n10\n\n0\n\n10\n\n0\n\n11\n\n0\n\n12\n\n0\n\n14x10\n\n14x12\n\n16x15\n\n16 x 18\n\n14x10\n\n16 15\n\n16 x 15\n\n16x15\n\n10x15\n\nAT\n\nTo Naukin 8.8.\n\n10\n\n9\n\n10\n\n11\n\n12\n\n14\n\nA1\n\nShanghai\n\nCarmarthen-\n\nSWID\n\nNov, 25\n\nSWID\n\nTo follow\n\n3d.\n\n9s.\n\n4½d.\n\n10s.\n\nd.\n\n12s.\n\n6d.\n\n10s\n\n10¼d.\n\n12s.\n\n4¾d.\n\n13s.\n\n6d.\n\n14s.\n\nd.\n\nT-CLOTHS.\n\nWidth\n\ndz in.\n\n36 in.\n\nWeight\n\n6\n\n0\n\n8\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n6\n\n0\n\n7\n\n0\n\n8\n\n0\n\n8\n\n4\n\nCount\n\n14x18\n\n15 x 15\n\n15x15\n\n18x18\n\n18x18\n\n18x19\n\n18x18\n\nPrice\n\n15s.\n\n10¼d.\n\n8s.\n\n9d.\n\n6s.\n\n10¾d.\n\n7s.\n\n4½d.\n\n8s.\n\n4½d.\n\n8s.\n\n7½d.\n\n6s.\n\nhrI._4_5,\n\nફત\n\n7s.\n\nd.\n\n7s.\n\n4d.\n\n8s.\n\n0d.\n\n9s.\n\n0d.\n\n9s.\n\n8d.\n\n2.\n\n4.\n\n8.\n\nd.\n\nChina Grey Shirtings, 84 ½ lbs. (Eagle Chop)\n\nMaddapoliams .......\n\nLong Cloths\n\n9\n\nY\n\n3\n\n7\n\n10\n\n3\n\n9\n\n*\n\nB\n\nWhite Spot Shirtings ...\n\nBrocade...\n\nDamasks\n\nnominal)\n\ndo, do.\n\n11\n\n...\n\n11\n\n9\n\n21\n\n0\n\nNos. 28-32\n\ndo.\n\nNo.40\n\ndo. (mock)\n\nNo. 40 Mule Twist\n\nNo. 30\n\n4o.\n\nCotton Yarn Water Twist), Nos. 16-24\n\nChina...\n\nX\n\n0 to 1\n\n1\n\n2 to 1\n\n3\n\n1\n\n2 to\n\n1\n\n24 to 1\n\n24\n\n1\n\n0 to 1\n\n2\n\n...\n\nChin-Kiang,\n\nF.A.\n\nshire 1\n\n14 yr.\n\nB.I.D.\n\nWith des.\n\nYokohama\n\nDenbighshire\n\nAl 15 yr.\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des\n\n* And to Japan if sufficient inducement offers.\n\nExcellent accommodation for first-class passengers.\n\nFor Freight or Passage apply to Nonnis and JOYNER, 126, Bishopsgate-street Within, E.C. (corner of Cornhill).\n\nO TEAM TO BANGKOK\n\n(Crossing the Tar) Via the Suez Canal, with all possible despatch, calling at Tanjong Pagar Wharf, Singapore.\n\nthe new, powerful, first-class screw steamer KROMATAH, 805 tons, 180-horse power, nominal, W. B. HAFFENDEN, Commander\n\nSouth West India Docks, Splendid accommodation for passengers\n\nFor Freight, Passage, or further particulars apply to SMITH, SON, and COLE, 12 George-yard, Lombard-street, London, E.C.\n\nJAPAN AND CHINA. Great Mail Route via New York and San Francisco.\n\nTHE\n\nPACIFIC MAIL STEAMSHIP COMPANY, under their new arrangement with the United States Government, despatch the following magnificent STEAMERS, OF 3,000 tons burden and upwards, with Mails and Passengers, from San Francisco, on the 1st and 16th of every month, for Yokohama, Hiogo, Nagasaki, Shanghai, and Hong Kong, connecting at Hong Kong with the Peninsular and Oriental Line, for Ports in India;-\n\nAcopilen\n\nJanan\n\nGreat Republic\n\n| Abaddon\n\nColorado\n\nChina\n\nCosta Rica\n\nTies\n\nConstitution\n\nNew York\n\nGolden Age\n\nOre-ronian\n\nAriet\n\nReturning from Hong Kong on the 12th and 27th of every month\n\nThe Pacific Mail Steamship Company's steamers also leave New York on the 10th, 20th, and 30th of every month for San Francisco, via Panama calling en route at Kingston, Jamaica, and ports along the North Pacific coast.\n\nFor rates of fare from England, which include railway transit across the American continent, and other Information, apply to H. STARR and Co, Agents, 27, Moorgate-street, London.\n\nTNION PACIFIC RAILWAY.-\n\nTHROUGH LINE from NEW YORK to SAN FRANCISCO.\n\nSan Francisco 18 days from England.\n\n***......\n\nin $8\n\nJapan\n\nChing...\n\nin 44\n\n기\n\n\"\n\n**\n\n**\n\nNew Zealand in 42\n\nAustralia......\n\nin 47\n\nPassengers for California and Intermediate points on this road are now booked through from England at the established rates of fare; and from San Francisco to Japan, China, Australia, &c., by the magnificent steamers of the Pacific Mail Steamship Company and United States, New Zealand, and Australian Mail Steamship Company,\n\nFor Rates, Tickets, &c., apply to H. STARR and Co., Agents, 22, Moorgate-street, London,\n\nROUND the WORLD in NINETY\n\nA DAYS, by Steam and Rail, by Land and Sea,\n\nvia North America. Japan China, Sandwich Islands, New Zealand. Australia, Ceylon, India, Egypt, and Continent of Europa-By authority of the various mail steamship and railway lines comprising the above rates, FIRST-CLASS PASSAGE COUPON TICKETS are now issued for the ROUND JOURNEY, either by way of Japan and China or New Zealand and Australia, at one reduced and inclusive\n\nfare.\n\nThe route will be over the Great Union and Central Pacific Railway to San Francisco, passing through some of the grandest and most interesting scenery in the world. From San Francisco the tourist will be taken to Japan and China by the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, or to New Zealand and Australia, by the United States, New Zealand, and Australia Mail Steamship Line, and thence by the Peninsular and Oriental Company, via Galle, Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay (over the Grant Indian Railway) to Southampton, or London, via Brindisi,\n\nThe journey may be broken at any point, and resumed at pleasure\n\nFare, via China, £21; via New Zealand and Australia, £197.\n\nFor further particulars apply to H. STARR and Co., 22, Moorgate-street, London. Agents Union and Central Pacific Railway, &c.\n\nCA\n\nNow ready (November issue).\n\nNASTLE LINE OF STEAM PACKETS for PENANG, SINGAPORE, HONG KONG, SHANGHAI, JAVA, and JAPAN. The following high-classed and full-powered STEAMSHIPS will be despatched as under:\n\nSteamer.\n\nClays.\n\nGlenroy\n\nClentyson\n\nGordon Castle......\n\n100 AL\n\n100 AT\n\n100 A1\n\nGlengyle\n\n100 A\n\nDruminona Castle.\n\n100 A1\n\nBraemar Castle...\n\n100 AL\n\nCawdor Castle......\n\n100 AI\n\n100 A\n\nFloors Castle\n\n100 A1\n\nGlenartney\n\nTons.\n\nDock.\n\nTo sail,\n\nPort\n\n[Nov. 18, 1872.]\n\nOBERTSON and Co.'s\n\nof STEAM and CLIPPER SHIPS.\n\nSkip.\n\nClass\n\nDock.\n\nTo sall.\n\nBombay and Kingston.sa\n\nGoast Ports via S.C....90 A1\n\nSingap. and\n\nSaigon\n\nChas. Collet\n\n3.3rds\n\nPen.. Sing.\n\n[SWID\n\nNov. 21\n\nSWID\n\n¡With des.\n\nLL.1\n\n190\n\nAi 1.\n\nKg.\n\n& Sylvia, 8.8.\n\n3-5rda\n\nShanghai...\n\nvia S.C...\n\nLI\n\nSWID\n\nNOS.\n\n-\n\nYokohama.\n\nTulking......A\n\n14 yr.\n\nSWID\n\nWith des.\n\ni\n\nFor Fraight or Passage apply to York Chambers 55, King-street, Manchester; or to 16, Orange-court, Liverpool; or 5, Newman's court, Cornhill, London, B.C.\n\nPENANG, SINGAPORE, CUINA, AND JAPAN,\n\nD\n\nPort.\n\nHE following SPLENDID First-class STEAM and CLIPPER -SHIPS will be despatched as under :--\n\nShip.\n\nTo sull.\n\nClass.\n\nDock.\n\nShanghai\n\nSir Lancelot\n\nA1\n\n26 ye\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des.\n\nDo...\n\nMaitland...\n\nA1\n\n14\n\nB.I.D.\n\nWith des.\n\nHong Kong\n\nUndine\n\nAL\n\n16\n\nTEID.\n\nWith des.\n\nJashepherd\n\n19 yr.\n\nSWID\n\nTo follow\n\nYokohama\n\nDenka........\n\nA\n\n17 yr.\n\nE.LD.\n\nWith des.\n\nDu...\n\nEliza Shaw\n\nAi\n\n17 yr.\n\nE.ID\n\nTo follow\n\nHinge.....\n\nHanover.....\n\nAX\n\nII ye\n\njW.I.D\n\nWith des\n\nPen.. Sing\n\nH.K.. Shag\n\n& Yoko\n\nFlintshire,\n\n2.3.100\n\nAL\n\nJE.I.D.\n\nDec. 5\n\nFor Freight apply to Kutztor, MARTIN, and Co., 10, George-yard, Lombard-street, E.C.\n\nSteam via the Suez Canal. To sail on the 25th Nov,\n\nFOR\n\n208\n\nSINGAPORE, YO-KOHAMA, and HTOGO (with liberty to call at Hong Kong), the splendid full powered screw steamer DUNA. 100 A1, 852 tons register, 150- * horse power nominal; Victoria Docks, Cargo deliverable at Japan without transhipment.\n\nFor Freight, apply to D. R. MacGREGOR, Esq, owner, Leith; to SMU, SENDTUS, and Co., 33, Gracechurch-street; or to Sax, MARTON, and Co, 2, Royal Exchange-buildings, London, EC.\n\nFOR Tanjong Pagar, SINGA. PORE--The following VESSELS\n\nare now on the barth in\n\nAuriga......\n\nGlenroy, s.s....\n\nLONDON.\n\n[Tons]\n\nBrokers.\n\nTo Sai\n\n18\n\nWright Bros. & Co.\n\nNov. 16\n\n2,500\n\nThos. Skinner & Co.\n\nNov. 20\n\nChin-Kiang, s.s.\n\n1,000\n\nNorris & Joyner...\n\nNov. 25\n\nKromatah.\n\n8.5........\n\nRosedale\n\n803,\n\nSmith, Son, Cole\n\nDes.\n\n1\n\n40\n\nWright Bros. & Co.\n\n¡Dec. 12\n\nLIVERPOOL.\n\nDeucalion, s.s.......\n\n1,506\n\nAlfred Bolt\n\nNov.20\n\nSarpolon, s.s.\n\n1,519\n\n......\n\nDec. 3\n\nSenle of wharf and dock charges may be had on application to the Company's London Agents, Mesars. MACTAGGART, TIDMAN, and Co., 34, Great St. Helens, E.C.\n\nST. JOHN'S CATHEDRAL,\n\nHONG KONG,\n\nCOMPLETION FUND.\n\n2,100\n\nSWID\n\nNov. 25.\n\nJUST before embarking from Hong\n\n2,200 (SWID |To follow\n\n2,000\n\nSWID ! To follow\n\n1,700 !SWID To foliow\n\n2,000 (SWID To follow\n\n2,200 (SWID To follow\n\n2,200 18 WID To follow\n\n2,000 (SWIDTo follow\n\n2,000\n\nSWIDj To follow\n\nFor Freight or Passage, apply to THOMAS SKINEE and Co.,, East India-avenue, London, EC.\n\nTEAM VIA THE SUEZ CANAL to PENANG. SINGAPORE, HONG KONG, and SHANGHAI; taking cargo for transhipment to Java, Japan, o., at through ratos at shippers' rak. Last shipping day, 25th November. The new and splendid fail-powered screw steamer CHIN-KTANG, 100 AL 1,220 tons gross; 800 tons net register: 160- horse power nominal. J. HOGG, Commander: Sonth West India Doeks. This magnificent steamer, just bailt by Messrs. C Mitchell and Co., Walker-on-Tyne, expressly for the China trade, bide fair to be one of the fastrat in the trade. Has splendid accommodation for first-class passengers,\n\nFor Freight or Passage apply to the owners, WATTS, MILBURN, and Co., 85, Gracechurch-street, F.C.; or to Norma and JoYVER, 126, Bishopgate-street Within, E.C (Corner of Cornhill).\n\nAll Packages must be marked distinctly with port of destination,\n\nKong, on Tuesday. Nov. 16, 1849, HRH the DUKE OF EDINBURGH was graciously pleased to lay the first stone of a choir for this, the moth Church of the Diocese of Victoria. The cast of the fabric has been shared by the Executive Government and the local community; and it is proposed, by a general sebseription among former residents in and visitors to China, to uravide the necessary furniture and Ettings Should suficient funds be raised, it is proposed to erect a stone palpit.\n\nThe Committee will gladly receive and forward any special gifts with which they may be eutrasted. This schone having receive the cordial approval of the Colmus Chaplain and the Trustees, is circulated by\n\nthe Executive Committe\n\nThe Rev. IV. R. BEACH, HA., Chaplain to the Forces, Canon of St. John's Cathedral, Hong Kong, and late Colonial Chaplain. CHAS. 8. GEORGE CLEVERLY. Esq. ROBERT S. WALKER, Esq. Hon. Treasurer,\n\nthe follies.\n\nBerkenhau.\n\nS.E. HERBERT LAURENCE, Esq., Hon. Secretary\n\n1, Royal Exchange-buildings.\n\nE.C. P.O. Orders to ba made payable at Cornhill, E.C.\n\nPristed for the Proprietorsby WooFF ALL and KINDER Milford-tane,Strand, W.C., and published by James WEST, at the Office of the LONDON AND CHINA TELEGRAPH, 2, Cowper'a-court, Combill, in the parish of St. Michael's. in the City of London. Monday, Nov. 18, 1879.\n\nPage 210\n\nPage 211", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 292199, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12]", "page_number": 208, "title": "CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12]", "content_text": "which requires notice in considering the claim to the Honduras pension.\n\nIt appears that the right of Private practice is annexed to the appointment which Mr. Ball held. According to Treasury Rules, such a fact would be fatal to all claim for Honduras pension; but the Secretary of State specially modified the rule in the case of some professional men at Malta; and I also understand from Mr. Fairfield that pensions have been granted to Attorneys General in the West Indies, although they were allowed to have Private practice.\n\nIt seems indeed to have been considered an advantage that Attorneys General should have Private practice.\n\nMr. Fairfield has also pointed out that in Mr. Ball's letter of the 23rd June last, on the subject of his contemplated retirement, he indicated an expectation that a pension would be allowed in respect of his Honduras service. No objection was made to this (the point having been passed in silence), and I should think it would be a strong measure to tell Mr. Ball now that the Honduras service would not be allowed to count.\n\n5/1/70 \nTaking all the above points into consideration, I think Mr. Ball should have the pension of £875 per annum from Honduras and £975 from Hong Kong.\n\nAuth Dall Yes K12 \nMr. Hubert \nSee Minute by des Bunde § 143 H. Kny 8917 (annexed) \n76/12/70 \nSubject", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-165 - Sir Kennedy - 1873 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 293390, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8]", "page_number": 50, "title": "CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8]", "content_text": "# Government Central Schools Annual Examination Report\n\nMr. STEWART said that in the name of the school he had to thank His Excellency and the others there that day for the encouragement given by their presence, and thanks were especially due to those who had liberally assisted in giving the prizes. It was very pleasant to find that the public interest remained unabated, and it was very satisfactory that whatever public sympathy and support were wanted were always at hand. That was not a time to enter into any vindication of the course pursued there. He was not prepared to throw down the gauntlet that day. That had been done several times. He believed they were pretty much in the position of those who tried to please everybody, and the result was always a failure. Nevertheless, that would not prevent them from doing what was right, and according what was due to every one. They would do their duty, and others could do theirs.\n\nThe numbers before them showed that the schools were a great success. There were 310 actually present, 40 more than last year, and 110 more than were there the year before. He did not attach great importance to numbers, but success wanting in numbers did not count for very much. For several years he had been hoping that they would get more accommodation, not only for the scholars, but for the visitors. But still they were in the same position as before. He must confess he was tired of living on hope, and would much like some of the zest which arises from actual enjoyment. Surely the day was not far distant when they should have a building fit for a school, and worthy of the Colony. (Hear, hear.) It was perfectly impossible for the school to increase, or for the work to be done thoroughly and with comfort, in the present building. They did not only want a new building, but greatly required a playground. He was sure many would not believe that at present there were not many square inches to spare standing room in the playground for the boys. He did not advocate the same amount of physical education in vogue in some places, but still he believed in the old adage that \"all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.\" Some time ago, a number of the boys were required as interpreters for the Foochow Arsenal. Eighteen were selected, and passed in reading and writing, but when they came to pass the test, a dozen of them were rejected owing to insufficient development of chest. He was sure if the scholars had proper facilities for exercise when young, this would be in a great degree prevented. But the wants of the school were not supplied even then. They much wanted to have a fourth master. During the past year, the average attendance had been 829, and with only three English masters, they could see how necessary a fourth was. He trusted that before next year they should have one. It was possible they could expect to have a new school by that time, but he trusted something would be done towards it.\n\nIn conclusion, he asked His Excellency to announce to the scholars the close of the proceedings and that the holidays had begun; and expressed the satisfaction which he and all connected with the school always felt at the presence of His Excellency and the other visitors.\n\nThe GOVERNOR then requested Mr. Chun-a-yin to translate the substance of his remarks for the benefit of that portion of the boys who did not understand English, and this having been done, he announced the holidays, and the proceedings terminated.\n\n## Public Education in the Colony\n\nOur readers will be glad to find from the report of the annual examinations at the Government Central Schools, which we publish further, that public education in the Colony is progressing steadily and satisfactorily. This is the more gratifying because the system in force at the Government schools has, during the past year, been called into question, and in order to support the theory that it was not what is required by the Chinese, a statement was erroneously made which would lead to the impression that the number of the scholars was small as compared with what might be expected. Such, however, is not by any means the case. There were 110 more boys present at the examination this year than the year before last, and the number now at the schools has been rendered smaller than it otherwise would be, simply by the fact that there is not enough accommodation to admit all who apply for admission. These facts are sufficient in themselves to show that the secular system adopted is the one best suited to the place, as well as that which is now fully recognised at home as the only just principle on which public education can be conducted.\n\nIt is satisfactory, therefore, to find that H.E. the GOVERNOR gave a very emphatic expression of opinion in favour of the existing plan, which undoubtedly deserves the praise he bestowed upon it as being beneficial to all and not likely to give offence to any. Mr. STEWART, the Head Master, whose efforts to improve the system of education in Hongkong have been indefatigable, very happily illustrated the difficulties which have to be contended against, by saying that the schools had to attempt the proverbially difficult task of endeavouring to please all. It is not to be wondered at that some ground of offence has been discovered in certain directions, but, combined with the principle of grants in aid, it is beyond question that the present system of public education is as well adapted to the requirements of Hongkong as of other places. We have had outcries about the absence of religious teaching, but the event has proved that the plan in existence is really what is wanted, as, notwithstanding their cries as to the Government being atheistical, those who have raised opposition and objection, have nevertheless applied for grants in aid. Sir ARTHUR KENNEDY took a view of the subject which we think will be very generally endorsed, when he told the boys that he did not think it was the duty of the schools to teach them difficult and abstract questions which they would have to master for themselves as they advanced in years. His Excellency the GOVERNOR, in the course of his remarks, made one statement which is calculated to mislead as to the facts, namely, in saying, by inference, that the Masters in the Central School would be paid according to results. This is not the case in those schools, as the principle only applies to outside schools to which grants in aid are allowed.\n\nWe trust that the additional accommodation in the schools, the necessity for which has been so long pointed out, will at last be arranged for, and are confident that the public will not grudge the necessary vote for this desirable object. The Government schools here are undoubtedly institutions of which we may be proud, and we can only regret that there were not more present to witness the excellent results which have been produced by the unremitting efforts of Mr. STEWART, and the assistant masters.\n\nSome of the examination papers in the first class would be puzzling to many men of good education. Questions such as are little short of those in the matriculation examinations in universities at home, are set in algebra, pure mathematics, and chemistry, and are well answered by the more advanced students. As illustrating the manner in which English and Chinese are taught, it is interesting to note that a Chinese youth translated a passage from Homer into Chinese verse, well preserving the sense.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-167 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [1-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 297005, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875", "page_number": 103, "title": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875", "content_text": "There was not the same unanimity of opinion upon the second proposal, namely, the proclamation of the American Trade dollar as legal tender.\n\nThe Comptoir d'Escompte, the Chartered Mercantile Bank of India, London, and China, propose to make it legal tender by weight (717 Canton taels to 1,000 dollars).\n\nThe Chartered Bank of India, China and Australia, would make it legal tender, provided that it is not chopped, and that it is paid by count, and not by weight. This bank gave as a reason against payment by weight, that the Trade dollar being heavier than the Mexican dollar, 1,000 dollars paid by weight would be found to number only 990 dollars, and it added \"the proposal to weigh them, then, seems too absurd to require argument.\"\n\nThe National Bank of India would choose the American Trade dollar, if any addition to the present currency be thought necessary.\n\nThe Hong Kong and Shanghae Bank would make the Trade dollar legal tender. The bank would like to advocate the introduction of it as a clean counted coin, instead of weighed, but, unfortunately, though practically of the same purity as the present currency, it is about one per cent. heavier than the standard, and a dual currency of this nature would inevitably lead to endless complications in business.”\n\nThe Chamber of Commerce does not recommend the admission of it as legal tender.\n\nThus two banks would accept it unhesitatingly by weight.\n\nTwo other banks would accept it, if necessary, by weight; but not apparently without hesitation.\n\nOne bank would accept it by consent; but thus only conditionally on its being clean, and the Chamber of Commerce does not accept it, at all events, for the present.\n\nBut the Chamber of Commerce, after declining the proposals of the Oriental Bank, puts forward a proposal of its own, which is entitled to the most respectful consideration, viz., that the Governor should be requested to communicate with the Home Authorities of the Mint, and endeavour to come to some arrangement for the coinage of a suitable dollar for the Colony on similar terms to those now offered by the Washington Government. The Secretary of State, in forwarding the correspondence to this Board, shows that the Colony would appear to appreciate the necessity of introducing a reform of the currency, and to be anxious to place it on a sounder basis.\n\nHe adds that the proposal for the supply of a clean dollar, suitable to the wants of the Colony and the China trade, is deserving of attention.\n\nMy Lords may add that it is evident throughout the correspondence that the Colony is keenly alive to the mischief and inconvenience resulting from the general use of chopped coins.\n\nThere are thus four distinct points before them ---\n\n1. The admission of the Yen as legal tender.\n\n2. The admission of the American Trade dollar as legal tender.\n\n3. The creation of a new Hong Kong dollar.\n\n4. The possibility of eliminating chopped coin from circulation.\n\nIt appeared to my Lords that there were grave objections to the first proposal, and that the Order in Council of 9th January, 1863, and its attendant proclamations, would not permit the second to be adopted. The failure of the Hong Kong Mint made them doubtful whether the third proposal would, on economical grounds, be feasible. On the fourth point they felt it difficult to form an opinion without further information.\n\nBut before they considered the subject further they were anxious to obtain the assistance of their skilled advisers, and they referred the correspondence to the Deputy Master of the Imperial Mint for careful examination, and they desire me to forward herewith a copy of Mr. Fremantle's report, to which they would invite Lord Carnarvon's special attention.\n\nHis Lordship will observe that the desire of the Colony for the admission of new coins as legal tender arises chiefly from an apprehension of a failure in the present sources of supply. They do not, indeed, find throughout this discussion any proof that there has been any real scarcity of Mexican dollars. It is, nevertheless, widely felt that there is inherent unsoundness in the position of a community dependent for its supply of standard coin upon the mint of a semi-civilised country, with which it is not even in direct communication. The changed condition of the silver market has apparently increased the feeling of insecurity, for Hong Kong obtains its coin chiefly from London, and as the demand of the London market diminishes, the quantity of dollars sent to London would probably diminish also, with the necessary result, that the dollars when wanted would be less easily obtainable.\n\nMy Lords appreciate fully the weight of this objection to the present system, and by their desire the Deputy Master of the Mint made it the subject of special investigation. His reply is most important.\n\nHe comes to the conclusion, after consulting the best authorities of the City of London, \"that if at any time during the last ten years, a period marked by serious political disturbances in Mexico, there was a dearth of dollars at Hong Kong, that dearth is to be accounted for by the fact that the rate of exchange in China had for some time previously ruled so low as not to attract shipments of dollars. As regards the future there is no reason, as far as I can learn, to fear that the experience of past years will be falsified, and it may be expected that the supply of Mexican dollars will continue to be at least as plentiful as heretofore.\"\n\nNow, it is an object of primary importance to the Colony that its legal-tender coins should be accepted by the Chinese traders upon the guarantee of the issuing mint, and without further examination on their part; but it is essential to this object that the currency of Hong Kong should be as simple and intelligible as possible; and the admission of new coins, one of them at least varying in weight from the well-known standard coin of the Colony, would therefore be unadvisable, as tending to confirm rather than weaken the prejudices of a suspicious race. Of course, in cases of emergency, such a measure might become necessary; but my Lords do not understand that such emergency has arisen, and the evidence of Mr. Fremantle is reassuring as to the future. My Lords would be glad to find that their opinions upon this point are shared by the Secretary of State and by the Colonial Authorities.\n\nPassing next to the special proposals before them, my Lords have no hesitation in stating that the Yen ought not to be admitted as legal tender. Public opinion in the Colony is evidently against such a measure, and the progress of events, since the subject was under consideration in the Colony, has tended to show that the doubts of the mercantile community were not unreasonable, for my Lords understand that the Japanese Government has removed the able director of the mint, in whom well-grounded confidence was placed.\n\nMy Lords have remarked on the difference of opinion which exists in the Colony with regard to the American Trade dollar; but there is a further objection to the admission of it into the currency. The law, as it stands, requires that any silver dollar declared legal tender must be of equivalent value with the Mexican dollar, whereas it is well known that the Trade dollar is the heavier of the two to the extent of 1 per cent. or thereabouts. Even did the law not interpose an obstacle, it can hardly be doubted that the concurrent circulation of two dollars varying in value, but varying so slightly, would give rise to difficulties which would be better avoided.\n\nA British dollar, i.e., a dollar coined in England for circulation in Hong Kong, as suggested by the Chamber of Commerce, would be free from the special objections which attach to the Yen and to the American Trade dollar. But before this proposal could be entertained, the cost of such a dollar must be accurately ascertained. Lord Carnarvon will observe that the facts reported by Mr. Fremantle are unfavourable to the scheme. The mint charge of the United States for the coinage of silver is only one-half of one per cent. It is difficult to suppose that this seigniorage can cover the cost of coinage; but, without further information, my Lords can form no opinion as to the ground upon which so small a charge has been adopted. It is evident in any circumstances that a dollar coined in England, or indeed in Calcutta, must cost more than dollars purchased in the open market; and it is also evident that the difference must be borne by the Colonial Government, for, as Mr. Fremantle observes, no person will be willing to pay an extra sum for a \"Hong Kong dollar\" if he can get an equivalent coin for less. This most important question of cost in great measure escaped the Chamber of Commerce, as my Lords find it hardly touched upon during the debate. One speaker, indeed, did allude to it, anticipating a profit as possible. My Lords regret that more attention was not paid to this aspect.\n\nPage 97", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 297012, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875", "page_number": 110, "title": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875", "content_text": "104\n\n1000=\n\nnot by weight.\n\na reason\n\nThis Bank gave against payment by weight, that the trade dollar being heavier than the Mexican dollar, payment by weight would result in more dollars being paid by weight than the number of dollars paid by count under the present currency system, which would be thought unnecessary.\n\nThe Hong Kong and Shanghai Bank would make the Trade Dollar legal tender. The Bank wanted to advocate the introduction of it, as a clean counted Coin, not one that needed to be weighed, only 990 dollars out of 1000 being of full weight.\n\nIt added, \"It is absurd to require them to weigh them, the result being that they are counted, not weighed, but unfortunately though practically of the same purity as the present currency, there is still an argument against it.\"\n\nThe National Bank of India stated that it would choose the American Trade Dollar, if any addition were made to the present currency, because it is about one per cent heavier than the standard, and a dual standard of this nature would inevitably lead to endless complications in business.\n\nThe", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302799, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "page_number": 321, "title": "CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12]", "content_text": "# The Daily Press.\n\n**HONGKONG, NOVEMBER 9TH, 1878.**\n\n## SUPREME COURT.\n\nNovember 8th.\n\n**CROWN CASES RESERVED.**\n\n**BEFORE THE FULL COURT.**\n\n**REGINA V. HUFFAM.**\n\nThe court now delivered judgment in this case. The Attorney-General (Hon. G. Phillippo) instructed by the Crown Solicitor (Mr. E. Sharp), appeared for the Crown; and Mr. Francis, instructed by Mr. Dennys, for the prisoner.\n\nThe Acting Chief Justice-Thinking it desirable that this case should have the most thorough investigation, I reserved at the trial, for further discussion, the various questions set out in the case stated, and I now deal with them, with the exception of the points raised as to the validity of the defendant's appointment and the non-initiation of proceedings by the aggrieved parties, which were overruled at the heart of the argument. Having now heard the very able arguments urged by the learned Attorney-General in support of the convictions under the different counts, and by Mr. Francis on behalf of the prisoner the other way, I have come to the conclusion, after very careful consideration, that the convictions under the two first counts cannot be sustained. I think it right to state my reasons at length though as briefly as possible.\n\nIn the first count the defendant is charged with embezzlement of $50,000 received by him by virtue of his employment, he being in the public service of Her Majesty the Queen. The question really resolves itself into these two points: 1st- Was the defendant, as official assignee (not generally but of certain bankrupt estates), in the public service of Her Majesty? 2nd.-Was the money so alleged to have been embezzled Her Majesty's property? \n\nIn the 2nd count he is charged under the Fraudulent Trustee Clause of the Larceny Ordinance, Sec. 65, with having converted to his own use the same sum entrusted to him as Trustee for a certain public purpose, that of distribution amongst the creditors of certain bankrupt estates. This may be conveniently dealt with when the other points under the Trustee Clause come to be considered.\n\nIt is necessary to bear in mind that the office the defendant held as Clerk of the Court was entirely distinct from the post he held as official assignee. He was not the public or general official assignee in the way in which the Registrar of the Supreme Court is under the Bankruptcy Ordinance by virtue of his office. He was appointed official assignee of the estate of Rail, Still & Co., under an Ordinance passed not for public purposes but for the special purpose of enabling the Governor to nominate and appoint some person other than the Registrar of the Supreme Court as official assignee of (not bankrupt estates in the plural) but a bankrupt estate for the reason as stated in the Preamble that “circumstances occasionally arise which render it inexpedient that the Registrar should be the official assignee as provided by Section 6 of the Bankruptcy Ordinance of 1861.\" He received the actual appointment, under this Ordinance December 27th, 1867, by an order in the writing of Sir R. MacDonnell. The day following, December 28th, by a notice in the Hongkong Gazette he was appointed by virtue of the same ordinance the official assignee in about 30 other antecedent bankruptcies. As such official assignee the defendant received the money he has been convicted of embezzling. He never acted as official assignee under this ordinance in any subsequent bankruptcy.\n\nIt will be useful to ascertain as far as possible what the defendant's position was by virtue of this appointment, which at once brought him under the regulations of the Bankruptcy Ordinance of 1864. With many differences the official assignees under the Bankruptcy Act in England of 1861 in all important particulars would most resemble the official assignees in this Colony. The duties are very similar; and from the moment of appointment both passed under the exclusive control of the Court of Bankruptcy. Our Bankruptcy Ordinance 3 of 1864 is an imperfect copy of the previous Acts in England, especially of the Act of 1861. Unfortunately a great part which provided a system of checks and counter-checks between the different officers was not imported.\n\nInto the details of the Act of 1861 and the Ordinance of 1864 it is unnecessary to enter. I will only say that the duties of the official assignee are carefully laid down in the English Act. In our Ordinance, Sections 7, 60, 66, 71, 82, 83, 88, 96, and 97, show the official assignee is entirely under the direction of the Judge of the Court in every act he performs. The multifarious duties connected with the management of bankrupt estates need not be described at length. If he was appointed by the Governor it was in my opinion in derogation of the powers of the Chief Justice, to whom by the Ordinance 5 of 1864 all previous powers and privileges had been reserved. He was liable to dismissal by the vote of a majority of the creditors in number, and one-fourth in value; or for misconduct by the Chief Justice, to whom the Supreme Court Re-constitution Act 12 of 1873 restored... I am inclined to think, the full powers of the Lord Chancellor, who by the English Act of 1861 could remove the official assignees by order upon cause being shown; having had by a previous Act, 5 and 6 Vict, ch. 122, sec. 80, the power to dismiss them at pleasure. The defendant as official assignee was paid by a commission of 5 per cent out of the estate, not by salary from the Colonial funds.\n\nI have great doubt whether the official assignees in England could be held to be in the public service of Her Majesty within the meaning of the 70th sect. of 24 and 25, Vict, which is the counterpart of sect. 57 of the Larceny Ordinance 7, 1865, and but for the dual nature of his appointment, which might possibly make a difference, I should say the same of the general official assignee, the Registrar qua official assignee. When we find the duties of this office specially limited, can the holder with any accuracy of language be held to be a public servant? \n\nI cannot but think that some confusion of thought has arisen concerning the terms \"public officer\" and \"persons in the public service.\" These terms are by no means co-extensive-the term public officers including many besides those in the \"public service.” The case of Regina v. Brembridge reported in Vol. 22 of the State Trials, is full of instruction on the liabilities of public officers. The principle laid down by Lord Mansfield is \"where there is a breach of trust, a fraud, or an imposition in a subject concerning the public, which as between subject and subject would only be actionable by a civil action, yet as concerns the king and the public (I use them, he says) as synonymous terms, it is indictable.\" Lee, the Attorney-General, says “wherever a man's business has a public aspect (Brembridge was accountant in the office of the Paymaster of the Forces), and an improper conduct in it injures not A, B, or C, but the community in general, that by itself is indictable at common law.\" The offence is, it is said, acting contrary to the duties of an office if it be a public one, and Lord Mansfield adds that the rule holds equally by whomsoever or howsoever he (the delinquent) is appointed.\n\nNow the cases show that Mayors, Justices of the Peace-persons appointed to perform some duty under an Act of Parliament (Leheup's case), all persons easily recognised as being in the public service, e.g. accountants in Government offices, the customs and revenue officers, come under the category of \"public officers,\" and all such public officers as the reports show, have been held at one time or another responsible to the Crown for misconduct in the discharge of their duties. If official assignees come under this rule, which Lord Mansfield says is as old as the constitution, and if they are in the public service of the Queen, it is singular that, so far as my investigation goes, there is no instance to be found in the reports of an official assignee having been indicted as a public officer, or (as being in the public service), for embezzlement or any other form of misconduct.\n\nIt is true the office of official assignee eo nomine was created by the Act of 1861, but some such public officers whose duty it was to manage bankrupt estates have existed from the time of Henry VIII. or Elizabeth, and as defaulters, were within the reach of the Common Law. How does this happen? Is it that the honesty of these persons in the public service, whether named Commissioners formerly or official assignees since 1861, has always been of an exceptional quality; or is it because officers of this kind have been nothing more or less than trustees by implication of law, or under some express trust; and so the criminal law could not reach them until first in 1857 the Act of 20 and 21 Vict... \n\nPage 76333\nF", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-182 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 307352, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12]", "page_number": 470, "title": "CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12]", "content_text": "0102848\n\nEnclosure in Governor Dis John Pope Hennessy's Desh: M1190 of 18th November 1880.\n\nJ...\n\nfor the Chimes in fnct it as thor: erg fars flety unlans Phys like to take the Hon. W. £- deng\n\nJoy boa friend waid but the Past so grot fancy buying the metalusion sam už llezzy) trace wehretde of the Qring or a whole there toom Suppum, and regalities Ace note ordnina of Piskup Bonda. But the greeter op 2 BORLING-Taky je fit, vistament\n\nLaved\n\nwith the wrap time we are takse, and 7 Xuveetcarries thas perfonis Fabulae, n he wild at that the catapupunast be cubens where so protects are ment to contributo tu them into thin Nam m her cute. Materi\n\nsung na samo 100-\n\nPat, in a time vil eg - may see at: ay then we sulibanaleringen to me!\n\npromociīnu of the expenses stimuly\n\nBettie P\n\nWREN\n\nice-liste\n\nthe post sectary in two and of the latter, basso col pent\n\ntive of Valer of state I\n\nThat the motards the ali iure m\n\ntin mesoud.ajenty paisal and these of\n\nCORRESPONDENCE.\n\nexposer Concept;\n\nWATER\n\nwat penin-will see e-filios bus be stores to\".'s newlyria\n\nTHE DAILY PETS, SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 11TH, 15\n\nFire!mory sturen, to wild will-dressed wid] wara Grimons, druritus, ce \"rition semireli, & to to th\n\n9 BSDICTC LA Dean Haroon A day in tres the- minutan at arisan out of the to the Trot of the Thru His name it That is We do pet bailouteelee-tegematele se itse og ann bengit of Be C855 Hail C\n\nMin Late strane THE MEN serve thal Asia ber my kayfreedano: 1:1parti, aná, v Hie Marsileasy as Rounders of Stuse was that He Malas the In 1 KESWICE-I lund by 97ention goes on the Dolby. thie Gevt. SPESUSilve, ntā pagr Exgnilatie's vises nova rejared vid faith 4 wes Where I say, it is n the Brush Plans (latang 3 THE COTTOR OF THE \"GLY \"E\"\n\naz te geat of pvull eraðs, most put tevis ; mona vele ver has a place. Pies; tidered eat, its fall relic of this stins | Ganer bat saived thu sidress • gratis. First Contr. Recio! aveur, Horanles invos, but no tam | pintaci su pizan be nou. Vertinacy, and one fonate fieldzy. Now, with regard ta ble ears-i pase sad Dime, or that class ivel'ng bova 228 for frma a well in frang Batman's, pat. Ti-That že o priven meget tlus Conry. taro anation Prep, tek bid! get hatimay sakeney and the City: 2005 on youthly that bez bandi anzf Porbes, Kumping, no! Buttonjto are numeste ledicine water, allow as 67 kek live wit\n\n¡ xxl7—7'5« Cibinasa par A permet, of Gia, firths ALTE IN PARUM. In in for 13E DOULACityrinu of expeting and principle is open to bang ezized, sad liths malým should make chaß in poor toma's and she smu 2.8. pilti, bu grifiadors Tauve gira sabut\n\ntial recaps why the Coairal 9-heal, bo i friand ven reply sitowards anail if britan they say about 150 que\n\n4 is Canali) y parties at Ying Tante, and stiles to which Le nifay a pevale kraedem, which hit says is retiembly for (trave I anu padmašnu iu i anticster which thought\n\nis all ing wall that\n\nTeal esasen ing my 'ansiaty in arcqualatt bobalf of the City\n\nwhat I vil tidy serata sulge, Ba\n\nI have cored to deal with wind any hum\n\nfriend all the uremica in the matas before\n\nFr. WX WEE FRELLENT\n\nmiter\n\nille\n\ncwla proradiva co6 JAN\n\nb. then whys bales foeling and use if evil in unaniment by hygienia 7 200 this vejrt a l'erfiandra and spot as talla ng car des Count the site due. I a\n\nof Hot Pure Wicole to gun cursed Hon W. KRANICK-Went has this opinion, an lbs lour of yea that there is the water figny, be. fi cu baial\n\nFlow bright appears to infial: ore 20 psules go for : Hon. W. KER-CR-The states made a una nithecol?,\n\nofil er i live polition you belief in eet Beet as fad Free rifi ple for shut, and whe the: she clerk save la pet. This is I this it sunds that\n\ncesto mezip such eat, Flank through this drownin, und is aptly. That mowing as one we had in\n\nHier hour mara manger to lussophathing boltes cology distration it is whatever as reps the faid or is it al prepakot potatale nitawaja 19\n\nis abújh she (ovnemurit par forward as one whja ļesi\n\nbio of the propis\n\n•jakich zonifů ananmune âute the w7\n\nIt is • admitted hall by en lys that the l eratis\n\nWas the\n\nin Ruening an agilise as by the Areas of any\n\nstreet parpaces, angane paliely p\n\nde of stone on the lieuter. But theer ARMAG. Indem aliaisi janam Did these sur Pass Fresh Esigo na; and E inibi é\n\nA ̃1⁄2·ĺ ̧voi mute ro3000 mica po Z WEST Loving 25:sted very bizi. But whether diketik sted the moller of hou frient, i use this wind, 61+frati ogrevinent tax are Tey finiumo delves see yemi sar. Who Elet and probaldy wruh) bave revived an from ! with the Gateruor of the Lingy--not a private' wiži pudgavour in some littly nay ta elutty Hon. P. DATE-Four Exssiones, I La i se zised ad kogal Hesign. The coom within tha Ledline j does he wires far the pence f\n\nI or twn of this pie mus with whom hargahas oracugement. Nat if loin due muwahead, and it was nazazavry en séjourn into the our the board and made listinction of run like is a so deed placul lantion it outts for repard Faidanud kapt np. Now when thin grein air where purfeet freston asosan pe primera intalni sen of very littla volte\n\nbut which ku ketdi mustining na gortinasi, buka publikagiberent,sualizing the war, wing theisere instag was 35\n\nhis son. & also, is only\n\nas rrrded in the achives of\n\n$10 is an vtis.len in the immatra sé thế | cada tetang kia Anteract on behalf of tuni grant was while at Brast shoa 1-1 will pay relatiations asco barn 10 boss Jenk at tais docugans I Suì il vento! Bishop : perfect place of sting, Brandi and - shan Tefcool loss gut and wred abnet Qzava,sni itu City Hat Domaine Nut beits in chiron. But is to th; thus Chiume shocfai tan fesole siittist for Bandos, who knows in crazies of the peopy. £zi way is that petition was aldriand' I saw New, how done it rat pose that he has provats ascertaganto, it is safercad en by Ni! Song of Subs, usus 1:22 jild to Rustáceana --Uqwysd \"apien the rom i jant forwsted na to apport of the TZ, and, I nothing we chau this, that the allowance nemandiola ou a iz in curtain\n\nte mít paplḥins about it\n\nBieber Nenast! in Ine Legittutive soutien al pot row what and there a wait then was la bu oti inellatio was\n\n2 tabanitants of the cutting, walk\n\nIndartet\n\n7\n\nI toss the Colony\n\n• Quien me to Thies His Pizon?lencia de gand mź hero Liver the snow but for 3, 2009-10-at weekea Trapsih sat fantorvel | olast or way inting was writsee, to her the weld te rentaż to have this pubertals, as mini ant\n\nalrea\n\n3.\n\nPOOCHOW.\n\n... દિવાન\n\nCum sa of oser 1000 bars non fately\n\nthe tag to be friend for Ruhani mion to get only tacite and do if the aneste grimph fake nained in it bette Close are park that are vital subfack. i did i\n\nLetos tu sit Mewart Fick-Bowls au Laid egacervlug on if it for its the yzestion af\n\nWeizenez goub, vaul bacro any skin tuakamgii dotare. Pagråleang, ** Ball croatie, w J. -listand is verbay of it, Darjatiny\n\nward in the g of Cacic v., is to Houghouse or Royʻeraber 1990). T-24 Central Seals that fit the toes then f Fire Tanks ne pralared, sad this et rute of You fill great, goatlemen, that the in the clicting my shots tres para tang thaia; aul Shore T.. Rida suger what is, what lasts thora para before His 2x2)-Well, put on, the 28- Sto pay the Cumler of Cay Hall &\n\nthe enuitles which Tudnoc:[ fitant to ensue lo che ion is that we go into numifiées. mited way hon, fridad as it like a pren Liry sad Mom. Now leven in the actum Hapus\n\npar with foil what the buyout deaising that it was Jassie to bars sanh & raisi\n\nREXI just wished to mantien thr tical m\n\nnextsto priglas Library, I r\n\nThat Lie au bout de man tieto present augier between the love him\n\nEvans......\n\n(the Blizzona - The Lineary is\n\nFace Fallecious are many out that the ruor, atd.) robe:dole masher of (a) 27 er han etarg nationality. tory visitor in experent\n\nMandal for thought a hoary-that it was de parargo the sins of this these try of intake, ther neeband. I don't say If ene Chame to fit ity Hall in ult, Jr.) Assistas, buty wat of co\n\npraliugua man of commuap repas arben a question\n\nBi That Mesura for the first to con\n\nRattajanandanthin is,\n\nStay Draper pengar couples tcpolder the M. WAPYA Buttkulinară! 123 prevedadest Bay\n\nTheLofalet tock'stezia of Ch Extors When thasard of autoiwan at the Mzimate for weld: logh 15m kopaln Ausing zoals\n\nHi. W KONWENT-I loveit 11. was ie the land shist for years routed spina in at ! distthy news writing farmen 155 komm cius | plyer delve thy verlay and etar 18 Dygrenda lɛing than it so celboise with p 1. His Exauraser-Sy hon. Prind in word Impiantin all jovent and will hot without of thinese uril 5 werter\n\n·TAFFCHS 29082x.\" [~4? T\n\nSasta 1% to Say Flist in mir bosh tor to write his ust in a back chisis Till be hard ww2 MES THIS STU was princisely far tha Change—[här. {and verticle ben clearly en meiakað pinjam sacītutina His Extil-en huâ gaid he jatenauer As is grupes Rue dizel Zr th\n\nJouni cammern, mina thu Liburg rank they are bined is not forward sono sud a flourile dinte sitte\n\njabi for verutal vaaz there spessową tu trim for shut purpose br ha Chinney stationic ca a ima 1956 The Muwatu, way by nu gus alt, fur that\n\nband that is total co thin t\n\nCli\n\nbien: di tea mbiorit\n\n¡ vested by thiChty Podi Ceramitta. Authues forte - Butuanjon are to pesad the Cainen sejrts: bailług 18 tiny dice so tas iucuronate zikatooding ihat it is rapemented to than ingalist17 moizitasulink ? mL at 23:24 sud disinct das mi kannstugstor\n\nLEELANDY --Nor I and the mic fu sa minah lama la fiche Hall Nawar que soli kava tinaght valepked for tunaitsey Nets. As for 25 jall Bar Majesty's nabírata aboalů be incited gas fired & E-Br slani 15 bei 1st illuded to it\n\nthe\n\n'anic bogen kvilzuse whink would bring the wiwa ke pazne to capnífur lây Montication, marais fuja and days there are suround, bl\n\nCus\n\nwood bit rabur of Punakom, a few minutes\n\nSulition to nofog tals Iturh, which gives it staldetest Cy at Committos, Arthurdle paid to Alto Sax hour,\" trong she fionana : GRASS by 11:emed the bou, find Mr. Briv | Ha Esta prey suid–f way zermark that time the fine was plaent, som 320 sul mare\n\nat a E,\n\nwith me to inseam you will deactions Pure car endurtending for\n\nchoi\n\nif the Chicow or restricted in their pat is en augstunt Pignis Anchorage. To cai thay if aliwat the big day. lost, and by low brisk beary spa sad tingi Hoth. il M. 793. En countion with tank and be rettider of heal\n\npolish, sed ut reviniti latter of bis, analni tosil camporie: to\n\nunsabaltiesa, vre on fat she day my\n\ntopoinputs with the waan, is indivalme, should be published ulna, ta for furti darator at Lewinebres to red wine et argent at the cult thei\n\nis Barunvor vejeded to this,\n\ni was see 19h mit elever sin Coppie baza en chote way damn the cust. for ideal has apparent ist und ebrian.\" That an aliek sudarso tute Liten aninge sits in her warm ul. Tre in alana sterzone i Hes sharial rise that warrant the\n\nreply to Mr Brits, the GYRENAE site at the Busz ismal has formed the craze. To matag yangi Fash, ani o esanie w role analy your to Bay Merit, was in Winca is indistiglione Tabery in sponu wa shjacting us so ganės Pay My\n\nling sure the maybe, son a high featñilar to the medico which en and exit for a one with Ewest of Junts plagunited's bullar which forte jention torming to the safer it is eft, quid he happy to col the brave tax if any delling of all the great struce JNUTS, CERIN\n\nwhich made it y\n\nmes we span, at bo en will anays be water ny the bar of the Minier atelet\n\nit acogit, moal for worn, with the Mitigate them, the Bellis flat out to fhore, i sant three sul verse in this still spite of something bich was posted a spirit tai, tie pored star eg the Civil Pa. thur H. Regina - I really din ne observe fait down by the referral Manuell and 26.50 Suremile drums, pin. Hied as one part, w Bas entertaining remni of the shena 23 12 this one of post 1, 201\n\nof the month of tail to a prepare the dams to the chose to the which aint they will End they ware bases are fupra fata vwerlift ad this pole time. E152 31 3 world, not hara jaan. Hurling in Was $4,000!\n\nAnebo what the Wersung auchorage - Stanger, and carga undan saproputato cirst se w the the 27 Bu might is placed these atraints that this mother when the gut e duerte Sir dickes tan teactor are operaeil, 1 may milf me just as sail fuelite, and that is brings tom sleari bat he ususidered the fun of 32.05) was dugnatiot go farther in many boats be rest iphit hard astrartin de santhe City hall there as loterial, o Coen Tubio-avis, in which bo ogrel in de ware by rain trade the rug test juhet mad high, osing sous, por quar, a role was no tie si stannes than it has rest, we\n\nty homes as erat, uccisive, Loan the publish of the mail say Hell I still hose tirat yarr Stellewey by Mes Recertary of State, a propesat which says capete, and be 3d not kace whether it would sitheera Pling my at Pazia Asia-340 free lays he thinks the subject of this 1:07 18 the man tar face kept the newer haurd of War litiers arsuri dent is a gladiators extimate to slooo that it be out wellent but it sen, hot gir pay for embrass\n\nTane guwa in šmjurlanos at the uzmagant si su cas id imestayng 4 Avene 2 of back. It is, as, the over the the Cubanite word seed on he was before the Wines Camille ter der I is to trial fus vix de 25. Wars. tr. Rais fare Ife Exteney maid ha han en dosha the chas, and this Laiwan in get\n\ntaner to wie is she notes of of the Colous, aloited a trials presented stagestion that fa vie anathe the suite in die buiten. You calling strig hously, which tam enim fo corny could we't afford to pay the e, with shina the Gevamnei Gongel Butt weber get a fuck no situr leveruer lenght Braing of Das raresin chupke so tried and pl¦ soitin Chanaitley is to the s| Vorancitbu icto exedief xià alt those extrúlera next rest la pisha baze te ads wanej We have to shrozic's sziil acocker Are is the\n\nbar, y mention has a catid to it by buy adopting in giving brunstane but fuellinicus acute lirien coup rate at PEL, FUT in fatara! me with fiba sortam 1ke ramps! was to be pail to the tastes. £19 94250, TN Men Flat desenli wekies, fefend saposito (Mr. Koawick; that non-i postively focosa. Severačun sé vit se saz. ↑ Te voxounting with the Fire Briguén Win. Exanth vise of the True bridge. LE And this of mine of whjes he was the iconic Mit Frapiacus fiat me batut the three instem in was dete with it? Et was malena de las | 37 the Chicers 1 bere it in ta, west of my tiens and leef lost to cyfuss ebay tavo dovo MOUNT nugh.\n\nres in stin Cig Fall, wher. I do aceited as terassing in the den Now, why did grant with the trust word, with Sir Bricare suntsile TM-30s, beface Chice on othersion by 1 gray of tale, 15 is paletta/sury, in rapy to Me. Rysis, suit Le haperi i time being burn the alps ant dantings of a the part of the Domalie while was most to the in? Tain with it was zalany to spel for admiring at that as these instruces they have per the tower the bits ranks commend Sam. Here pourer clair, mavily worker in and in th Lou to the Quictive of the Crease. we only when my friend Mr. Pelgave wad one or athena day decor, f he day eve it is upon, a seat was a one stspert ju jie mang. Lipon ita fered to the veinbiy odacarter of the now on-inance the fish to caree\n\nwith a 2011 died inletocol inta ita votor stars sing trash the next up in fraf sick that Saturday run, wil be tafel. If such der ute metal stentic thun tay chilik taten nn the hill.\n\nof an Aarse moman who hit the losshote fine enfersus in the preetings of the din cafted by attraction to win fair own suede,ali kis returns that a lain mere I doing for way tend to have hantved noon to aquilar hot - KIR Kshes her hy wondd gan the orar a borries was king ra\n\nwhat is his dut. of Intent at a 3-as szive, 2 in. Arstid arte e cons why the nationing in way body of stinens, Sc bn teatav matar for it, but 13 on saat\n\nAndlig ont apan tu Soor, is said to hum pra sedeker, satin shkonin at put up or is 14 the dishary; it way, I want within cad my few sumie nonauliun wih sus rate for les plancing the origluating puran. The dram rol Post of Corpo and a good way in a distinction areas one subunits and ane by the\n\nreatif To tomucents. A zonit & giziren at the time gee. We stok dispiceltid hul beca drar as ini. Cuir life in a Bubar to have justion at your avaliares to se\n\nnatice nonthe lock, and by sider, pescu to be olanly on for an ofthe tea planting mock the calf the of the Fein Steel, ant tures I saw whm w granle the latrary, hot arly at angels libeeecanes dels sun to way be is authorison by the dua mani, nal hele kuo that of als du mities will rogers to the poorsica debts Jericot a fan apply a beans The fire was ultimately hun. feud but marred, ils surd, with word Maver, Bad that dign is resintu ees of Stat\n\nalls for apenience of no Pagkamene pusest ei lana erdhi padaveratrakarunas houltsing, Caluse they furonoma substantial | duned the nutni sat hy the Harvspondisse.calumppad by high tire walls, the only doincar Per S when Sir Riclista Hagberall way at the case for portata da 01 b. Le Dieng, euent maring the same mered The Cause masin for idsisting na vne ratas hassuke x-fy the 1-1, bar en fast it ages, in as Poslin any machh simiyat diskier where, na\n\nGeely (s. 2015 2014 in our se le ha a la salleer else Thistory the bad bunny semmiraz is, I should start on pringle or the head of ten pollase and catur hans, armerthing rariter to\n\ntheir . The Sear adope-dedisticetin of tmsits with the the Couition will me its way to the just kept work from being med in, and having to theupertion at the bare rw vabail is $100, wing the lowest psd baks in fusign, zyl- frichir lat\n\nsud verme vejo a wil\n\nfor Frise C is gun, ty bạn) zurios gw brought to my klaw, vice, wizi del all ea Theo- i The am Fr. Omentioned mig i fu ITA MAY 1 itu le! i cry alas to do with the sprites. T tovers The wriods of the routine the 5 the karviatge of as Execdiva. We thus sutirnos candpostera \"imecrestiny a cheer of Gtitor of, Semestary of Stat mula besterly spar to theta i vite Odily, laztimo ser Rat hy the war. ની ના કર મા જય essed or\n\nof deres herman\n\nTelon it comic b sugar bu question,\n\ni with reard to the opinions i wich wer hencky zaprovu. Krurgiling ↳ Indesitating, ja ainsady nesire any beat. ke it is aning to the age as wisten to deem wa I do I procentum to log the tacts began, das câm?\n\nthe easy plow at Suttlwys in simil Teen Fiction in the bat je de su i wdriseca. Alu bodies may buty sensitised, and Laulandins trens zu teile rossaanud, and the 9-1site Granite or Year Baker My upl. | flors expressal shant tuis vriten, it now ngress | dessa by Mr. Preč, and his gialt la exisul send i to invite a fraula eelagratine Daring des\n\nist dert time can be trudi shu Oltr Hat. renditions on with the rich, and inside a chourly A Car of 11 turnier in the Cormaritice sunalil give way. Yours us that the winciple that the Chines skuld be si us ex aliony with sud men toguses of the fry the baith ground of the foreign Cataset. Un Lil Practition from ozatons estetion of my Lists Council to Bengts new wide in sanitat way postal actions in the Lead of this Colang sud que fins sail withinst distimation issue which the lieuty and sabitation of the Globy trad settlement was cupied by swerment. Obses End Tamarac, in the Chemie 19 as the antogs the consitions lari doru sad said beet and saying an intriga jery The Que. Henry read ill become this Gevenmant a ubuitinate these in to get\n\nspastatom. To view of the rapkling with which e sendiri fruen tac form the dial until they die Fitohard McDvareit were married cal, suggentul.\" So it goats to this, vial thaasjanything ipinvolved, and I think the Doemitter: by não munding itself, as is small, by contiuning Tiwi maitint and ped, and ths; the Quarea xurrad it ray conated fomunale\n\nis the only buy the banues this an adjournaā vise után, with good grane tałybt giva nav. -(Applan94;. || tance in Gaking the pablin hatisation as writes hy en Coloma Bears interwing\n\nthat bab me lữỀ, was frat, that ef's women. Wiz Kui à la lu en paradily as yours.\n\nenigste, eta, formerly, 19 slade\n\nremark in this astawagina that thu many of the Now Tobicera that is ang waste the ten sow the se's Eilish us from the Ciry B, forory con\n\nThe CO2. LA RAYTRÝB Capranil\n\nChinese Hansa azertm) quang The Balša Long hi what we may cat tinent, of sunstide of ratianulits I wont be able to the Croma t\n\nko ilify the tino wet abolish this disine vain word worth shall, or moto, más gomiresi ifis Montawe yakul that soten other li cuncurrenes with why the way-thengri\n\nalio have geroan phimnina, whtie a te sil the tenabimusta.\n\nwey sould net, under their own oficialu, legally Jen, phê ch at the stassarunge to whisk Lori salena the vote of $1,29 is the case for gradjamos e so weidy 145 tan loses full wish 14 sport, and if staat bad muld ban be toge but its myrarl of sår | Als lid tore them CRNI & Surgenstok pleto. My hon. The street six Bahaul H. No Che pH st. Konte har on them in naked if the actus one ne\n\nStr. Koseck ought to negly as the whole. | tr al Choration plus need is pd-\n\njava czy primis at all. Chizzne chiar tow will got owešu Leenivase compaties great for. The Tacions Zerouts which the Ciry Hall Confriend, the Can of the Concier Rogled as an ad that the Orient contains the paper and be a telit\n\nitt ut is their pesos un this subject\n\nÜhisena rilatta alirdies, lika, ele, ba basi kuskanů A division Back pawiutka damnader. Ibaliano Gavazninduzi vine nizma ka et ten dissarlice which was iron, se might be it räh, mai no tie alber hand he was seed it del sol,\n\n| 230 to the most fregnent avms, flaît via caco)295- meating safer that impraton sat after all bees of\n\nSacrate of Raye Pauna ay sayi. Jakker ng exferumas in the Chinesa anwser, Heiloriom rowed bis agiofior hire nine that\n\nJohu Frily, & fly play with a with a when not in unalen an son Fyrrut pe puzzel, blesk zalomen may if angad that there was no pason why the ¦ he had smo vil the papers des was quiba katimĵoj, what's fart? I am no mitation in say with me bad. friand, and 2 saat Mt. The toy ate of stang Gogh to do that. The Mastinomicu ploaie, he dzewz iu dha Maxcurd cavan bo llonght aue marovalier 1945 and he later vir wie dak and suc+bie in the done foot doop is shavings, inna\n\nWe hus mehilfa basyonquer's Tres that the Durty 14 CREW This Coinsy Sassore laut a sobat dit to the Q than in the birry er al Garda tak wat\n\n1st necessary to\n\nto avoid display and Cound at Sâu tales on 1 p gloss a potus fow for lies in decuster na cully Huttons of 3.5 taken by any but friend, auf. I think, thres vai, Pira stins impuned by die Kishan, ler area is the muda, ale ting erigiert audie Gronder about do their holy and are flak otar-fied wonte de sout, data stail bawire tres ant s\n\nt structural so which run kvinne nessure Tyler Tuber, 1 ki ze she wolf Danball in winter will be sent than 1 cther Sir Basenow but dat vupie wer emitir\n\nne day's imprraoniomed with. hard Liceor\n\nIelísapte and rapidly repison? after a fry, mom thee to the vaseg ini terors the pastic in this the ammuity to underabad id, td the ban will they read: He bad hva a wood, out other in land or W. Knewick was ay matam zu\n\n¦ offantire moms evilk, ke dualt, long mga kama sport apply. It's begin nith, not cari the gouliaran who has soovi chce with rukost be the princnt of tiny sencers, Rag die duize it has viritet kat ke sesturk, s silti tiis agn, that what he retaiSudan Quan bend hinn Aliu, chair or he taken to wear we recales of\n\nut is mild to the Lens heel ander print ante and fel any hats jush. Tow. Byrtit us any tarala se bo quid asset to me sui de urcan tear though wer limb csazhen and becaria o ung aldaera att meget gith being at largs fight whianitie\n\n| હૂ for Guy Hail is hald, not sel is id ant the und train, and when ass Deations. I erts it all site in its win at lunak iparkance als Try fine 165 USD ON A 20 18 30 14 was tru primare suited the cbszym and sail\n\n-Ho-ait.\n\n· passes er Eighte tas condicions in which Rue Majeye Color the Eye Cats plan wewe was 135 He was the 4 giggipte invalves, Midar e Beways and i had toned gre tummaat gays the Owap land is fast greti dio of gfogott tart lovin rate at tagesalf anyone can forming 2010 at 60 lety Parerande parter, Feud wie kids, and come tear deal of the ad witmotion in hints & restante of about the led gran nirapluie war ROLL INTELLIGENUS,\n\nLa sic, ut elu tras mutant to be the marke der sedious of Dorthe only preference had plug to the wese dy had the down passupponing he himself wice a Chinesa\n\n* Wold it 4 snow somari Mrogat it was stutis savage\n\nFrisa Jeth Bepianibär. Sad Dock is rug arm with the Irgat date. Holly going over historien wery if he hit wald wurting high le selos China SP Ton banker, and a clades. 2000 for Now Phan, and 3 for care be\n\nties Opines fins that es in nobu Finele earl, in latenti spertyzinar\n\ndemedimgataverunt.\n\nThis muse for re Jun Vás vyhjnet, all of Dece veing in fo riso iroporncarut\n\nI ara gires widely in en the Curritas of the Che Bill, and enter a part tuntien laat said rep distincio, fat diet tas fechange it Try, Pony of the roth-, to outlet to the 15 band thats at\n\nwhether it is poh, was a harunity, ha es thought that, aking there ne mazure, we did our want to induce laws that's an ens for Malan recinte a last usta, af 8779, ↑ Ất bát Khay kali noting there we sway on which shown windward hat that lie na vas trinxicogrpalet fra the multic of the Ocluas; noll not only aid den tur proper coul'joms, ruke. When i wnded to the noto, Íses has buy to mala the remarks by hul huiendly in ths Lenoiry 12upply articka ut sa-\n\nThis portioner ting Chau ceguity, it fata un interest, so saberis, to write Shop with hand ishong, for being it at might without a f\n\nms with the Gay Bellmuntik nat be worthy ni kios atam le petuniaj ti ha terast. We a misty bonis Tuen was moet satz, nie aan, who thecongbly under New spil\n\n21 Snomitis W they refeed in avonds to did but eps at in what to cured be be a pamphlet published and the e way his deal it is unha prisala peps kibein tube init they wore to consider sansiling jiliin ang sedan a pubi, progr\n\nwaterped to which the suplast the icons, V. BENTER-- Wax Club Kant, stich\n\no Tha!? Chin, qui tim who to Tony Crem-It was with\n\nwhen sh\n\nBanctus leva je 12 angling sterg Berpart ned i the evani should be wholman. À leirs majesty of whom are B, W. Kravy's--is tem imel tong tatic. Al stop psttleman wout away frots the it is smster Nonfading\n\n(thirty mass of hazine, hank macaquer, badingjieskruplines as 26 jantjazd 1\n\n11th 3, 1960.\n\nE\n\n0. MarissiOS. that cl\n\nLive F\n\nthe poetic, and of the Chinese the\n\nPOLICE GOURF.\n\nSimpú zalogs.\n\nBETX Hos., PRAMOZILY.\n\nLAUNEINYERS.\n\n↑\n\nbriel.\n\n■sy right\n\nBACALMOE.\n\nMaria Corte, residing at No. 55. Hully d moned fri ning baland in\n\nBook Gill, og vraneh..... .... ikk Bunk Bista, at taget sight...9/9\n\nBeur Bills, at 4 months' sylt 9:95 Credis, add-ondas' sight Diary B\n\n97%\n\nsight 8/95\n\n|Hongkong vad Ahenghai Han's Sheros--56 car\n\nnent, pralaim.\n\n$1.1.\n\nBesk Company'\n\n467\n\nthe tab of the Guts of the day, string se sul way wow saght hand others to use it in the rate at ng Lag et Avids. Benno da janel Antler Ilanted para say. Applause, the und into a cage finne des Er is fed an AENKY-LENAL-Your Exoticusy. Insa seu de Le Cutudy were luvitaż to set the sick, wirrty beach of the man\n\nwernlar of this unit is th will not glue in say ar: She ass, Cafe, and seruit, wit aigle bave stunt on the 7th lastan, Cartons of radice, su apkalatty is others. I was reed we the armies of the Unser Jurijn 33s sys: Cealth gets set for 2001 Buddar so far Regaiglad with time History, view is en we eater which would want the tie the compliant spared and alert to\n\ncundusly of it, baxing bad mary of the papery nangutan ainm and at the wine line paseret mer khu suoras defendant, bad propriend j kso bat & Blazer and your reactor Woll weyuser, and Sir Richari Mahio- tione 1 varennstrinn, P. The letter of Siriona i Coluty, thus I think i was la aule Lộ đay chemistivation inday interlod, 11 west meat diy.! s Worskin olized tito paraisses tɔ bu wish. fa City Hall Gogiste hane 3 max belle minute si Fane there a horror tend this was the first atter A commicio, was mide 16 that the rules orai yotropical and Shingve with into my co sina bare home to sender and aging. As why we at 18 fr nuusy bun any more.\n\njen lúc tatan G. Weil on earning, an ear, the candituunt is regularizam. To thun Ist es im that key bace hangat befe day.inters to the curtain and spent may and a\n\nEmali Oner, TE, the queda as St Ste on there and grinte tought to Anyon with biok me down,\n\nMNYA WIC), AUSTRATION OF A SAMPAN. by a wild, the anals frate. Il for in the Katie theatre, which has been atenek unë do see the friends wunursened that meating will be see\n\ngifter boʻp thinking Katte the regen premuted i grank dual si túinn 14 weakhey the mamus pēcini Chay Agau, axrani, ploy. waz olmarged Tuin Lubrano, Society of Canton $6,100 jueve To sheedacta parmoor of the army to 15¢ Treta, 15% olardil ka suk lezh sgoi starter the suutition i sa the shenai mesiñe gå väsyabulčera ülves are in thermoirs, and I zazpot ezvecdingly that with berg in cuswiel petion of gains Taulers' Cucuruno Cuszany's SEAT- Inriana po deam that this graph of dwa 19 best by Me. Heuris\n\ngiven the Crown on ende naudition\n\nCAMPER & -rise theiz uzike i ouersze fonince which mak patically gone Relay be intends tooling inte\n\n$14 per abara Mobay aguroval. Wade manor of leases the master Joh fire se audit Patent Wondag afsmann las inmigte in que SAVED LEUS the mtupushin' tab 28 $2,000 vistas de avviser so long the many tom kritisi bien ager tu --¿ni, Est na part, grad uliarita Doe 12 Horn Resti tahang: Chions are zorgs fent qzdira» fi pra WOPE HO Meh 24, 16 ahoy, 25 hour after-vatls it who? Yanga: takuragar Amrint fou-128 750 Ft that the Gorerane who put an Bhan 1 od not only acting on the way the forsrities pats gandaren al trono protquity as I have à era 2015, fi ha tine has an autistry. The pubers of was made tot along life the wail th towerth Chius Lesarwasy-El 1911 per dra ferat fur ton pay of the cursor. did the roste, at i was wing in dampring ut veu excivic•• spesis condities whats were vialston by the ais garsut put hefur to sixing yi ve Me\n\ninstalar o friis Bars for the discusic WC, Neregation too wont be city in Chinas slug, was fad the Ki Wan wi jungamitin vifusal tàn panchina me kinlegu 2\n\nI nonsted a tigh an ad rope ries rodard gather, ispers or who id has he got the hosting runes Champang -- 1990 per share, micus of the Chaverque with mugact to the poure that the reina di un munt 19 saulriviet to get more an intern wil die by to feed on the site. Kg Cheyyained at Tang Long Chua,\n\nlat the Exptira. Now, to begin with nary in us to see the ancey was to be paid. As E cavortbekeskust 1. rebede binaries we formed in a fry tally. But fury ibaonde beardon and other plac\n\nHarpley Vice Tearance Voupery'e naro Finas, ideatons month's wagesansare satin Company's Stare→→ 200\n\ner here. dau. Iney mention that fie reg a wide assuard, two of the ramulines of the Cobiit. 1945, wad icartfans when the Cabane retinate in my biet night on Wiki Halia Sha plece there is aiment lord labour.\n\nlt in my hand...it is Enf the Jish is nuttes, ha friend Les right (311 Rygg Treat may they are with a year lielinist of, but it is hardy so this pigenta. A Jay hon. Criar as wat lawan budaya, Ilagued his old Plate in a do pur. This goes gemi of pile your time it was fall me bail to take fra kāņu vee-\n\nDr Hox. Me Chor, As it all Crisis. The heater to lich this inspired with a y la vicer Derailing to it and tall and over the nasty sit, ut alatut of 3 bank 3-mesell recall me abrent wallies, bras anys mean blican Feranceles E dit sag lats. The gastants are perils Me. Egri haid Mr. Na hry has got his is a altes in the two item was partly TELAMPUL M.0% YALOGERY. Charali Dek aripany-ur (norára?).\n\nThey by and) de All Euls was perff, and who sang outed any level.\n\nDe Karikh Theg attained the joblie pagers\" centers to face gardenias Thu var khe Executing and wider grouse d' gigs | inter eordnete uslove instilation sensotul\n\nhather sunry to pullen pering the rate is in line at if the weared of race avionics, than to weben, fully go into bus and we would as the time and three teal mydia tieners far as the City to the Joy. Now, the popsite mall No eder facing this thesewing clan that instant.\n\n*** were front of us at wretcon junghusgatina Domupaus-Tis. mat meeting short ficut and dance, I have uitution in namlinger thai 1Talk is entran, alig vary which lets with aged to the WING MARIN. Now, the Hapins, le Furius and M. Ang my nose made in the Coward stestion of the City Hall is made it Taanini –A's Hacullovere line, read vortjens së Pantianiae. Duijoms at 11a ameling at waren hatalm og hours vidaselbringe at the time, Pioner 2019 points out, persky a zmesiden eritte Cir is reallway would til hot lo duke labo tu ŝinaos Man, aut i\n\nPha by casting expersitas i rams of han did, which ten te and the tests the division took plway and mad pengesai lenne in che nicest taxy, M. ii Hino's my fat way it is a visit the wordby eling be bad paren\n\nto porta budding to her as a City to lacus with the Ouseetan ajaratha fost ittla stol of jualance in the dion pply of precise com, utista (be City Hall al, latin of the and same triail torfes majority of us, my hon. Feland was in the shape of user nulis in 2 gher ties & QUERIES, Harios regard to the decorumat ca la xevy--ttish it linkly, gue. Vi tar the property and dauelson of the eneziemohair Hopsiue, Vietas med Rařkanjee (in the Colony in win a cistiveŝión 26 rands which the Cite Hall gone was originally made; ulemast, afler what has passed today, the vote? in prisoner duabargod, and the ser ach is dead. Under · dusi pro voting against Kosen yriados. Nes betwest Chinase and Malinuall, and Arin Now T. And, referring and the auto. n the Gaternant la bu hesapla pubin wet the finques i actuaith me they are the trades, any bau. Inud Yr. Ryse.\n\nkud, fogonsh, it by rublish a passo matraci or a sinh vreg te dent thu maghty packs than to setarent wirk kara lakove, in the papers, of whics wil nie wat mitted by his bat ires end, for the into suster; puid fe greater be, as mejority, stille of fritt. that whether in te thela heilbar 2014 hare Tud vt riría pallic merding • fo Codicem se ajay's resin ett forish and a hig\n\nlegal interactatiow to be put by the sepotin. For Tribrary and on any, that they are being up, on read, thanped with de pered my huu, Friend Mr. Frasines action, with ei alajesty was peachately but say if patient the trova ales 20h wargarint deals sot rren ur Governants was the must als went to whs and pichont lettowns to dileeping a pics wered Kwai Ching, agad tastes was in factating us, like eager, drms to the and whinged wind Holi bared ofertatiou Treta Net Buteo mu to You Get. the person thus when the whole teagurile Coqzinal will de cars, zon, papers to spela sua cha) my hou. Front, was beside hit in lasers with swertes a day on bestelfing the low Half doent and wait in baza arquis of any nation. From the action de base ceart it appancs WHY ECOD. nd that he alize toplumeninostics of tain kad ne Cracnes's indong 630.routes for 153; i oruit ell Aference for this standing my Jestido shopsecipás of having the this nomlignity, îse what in Greetary of Stade Fthes tau virild won tricen ont by her aunt for a the City all for a long time, and he and Mitope Lane bald, with put to blen werk of this sides bave or given a file of the dark far, 12, 1 wit.cat distinction to say in his disure, of which boyfriend state, bilst at the aunt al pro frict de car Taleemalivu nad by fir Hinhard RE12- 1. the tation of the Privy. Po papers to which paneles per Majesty's rublote in this coling, mas é thuhet Me Bewick Westem Markest and\n\nfor a cat siderable garini. Now, want ¦ Construct inserrate to reby!! tabia y 'anit, fcrowd bad na opportuzity ! sweptat. I say tha qulation is preso ir Wietzki Kicks-Erat in vurssticu with thao,, sa se ducking poLLDİ NA Droneand safer wheat circumstances? His set of Enerpeun Lith estimateds, mas belong. Parika ärst 11162 11907, MA Aria! Para zmoc faith, a yelise it may be called straite COMELE\n\nperodus then its now the Mad gan fuith. Parikat it is a gasulica of gelosipis I am hot were far met joub Scout the war tius, was walkiay\n\nMy h\n\nthere. Share 1 povab\n\nWomen Laai, nenudin, and Pho kyk, a booty) Langhong, Quaten, and Kana Mesimbrat. Cole\n\nang par skuro premium,\n\nSANTO por shpen (wominali, The prisoner said he and boral the anand China Const Stean Narization Company--Ile.\n\nword en wand this boat wis\n\nat wisse be hired it., Jongtong Gas Company's Shoes-5 pmr The escond palconer said he picked oy that Ebare\n\nHongkong Hotal Company's Shar--98 par\n\npoliwral posing\n\n1 Sennaš pri. ·\n\n·legal induía, vatnik in Mestra. Turing: J'a gust det har tosa salì shown shɔ City Harities in Wes by Falni except “bas no. 1 auf Se minusai tlmub 1,999, heen zacnd-whather; wil te given for sas maanam, hemnes heroisier way Roc? P, to default úr pos impri-Caius Suey Robning Curosz. Limited-\n\njazled me mada kaolu tu nur dianliline ar \"extriona\n\n(not almu buludivad uz muski kishile.\n\nALLHORN SITE.\n\nCute Begar aing Campany (Webenturea)\n\nWong Akın and Cher Ano, zarried more.\n\nHUNTERONG TAMPERATURA\n\nwalk about six cielook on the muralty of the 8th\n\n&ia 920.\n\nCound the chill was gone. A Teleklayer, how\n\nBeri silmate in aligned to Me Austin, Colectial Serdars. He wil\n\nbe which won ma in Ribe \"fout the the sight wearing is ces policy, what of airius China abfente of a vingin print. But at the nutrita bestaan or the Frags Central anat Ja. Aust that hafas the Petí. malay pro khely covet it ought his parib for Mr. Majerly destaces that Fam vanderat tanen. I have bem baby adfere the pahie.\n\nthe Majsely to equal rlyžis lu Ibis part ca dej my hot. friend Mr. Ng Cleg was right in saying Emad the gate being shu maaruniarant of Huse of privitat ay aspon to any such bil The Itris. 1. Kes\n\nsilach, pes\n\nthe City Tale ale cums for getting a sound weekeyal actmunizsina and Fetal fndru tanu give i tu pogand, vot cut:any only, I am; alandy's karainions mth them fler Man-hat theyla masia it is a point ci penat toorts.com es Central Maskot, whya hes so two pri- Thus where is third gaustius, it is the last 1tle anitent. An I painted et ce, who were wok, leading int in factitation, so Ext so they can doubt, bet for etwas which Her Majets 10mm EE LOW Luth be 09 in Jufuli and RTE 50-ng wrecurte im of a „nees- ; aller who has just at thin souks of this, the misild's banda, and she was stung T\n\nlna prevention of a Crowa Celnay kwanza water world I think it drevesa, te coupy the the gostion of expedisser. Now, I observa lånat ja distinction of varionality. And alien the best. the old hermann Coum, auth parleg hold Na abge.\n\na por acauled with lio Queen's saving thorougkäy viższatand that you bass sout, has\n\nMasnim d Ibarge, may be halal 1\n\nJURY NEW skorši ie ci sparated an encaseandonleges of the Chevanoriuendad Score flash the peper stars as they Bestard for which may laid by tuja oonruiter of 200; subglos first hingeloon be statimeLigocina / Brirkiovur esperting bice was wron\n\n#bikinis case iter. The Walsalle en lagd floruer when boas separa i-tes are put u fm tally as reper; vf the evans at that weting, besing negara awli\n\nrolls to a grant iroņi tüm colony, Longkong long | Tas it to Said Mr. Esquide, and Mr. Petics, and Alone the comžikiaun katı vai bron viaktrā,¦ wearing the queaken yet, at I shim feed of Me. Kokkajan maarafareed to, is prbanose to the Taf Wenz mmple, Warchi\n\nSeber. 15%\n\n6.6.201\n\nBamandel oli Tokaday regi\n\nCao Amyrna, *ALLONES Y 99% Ilazerst\n\nSo.....\n\nbaplomberib.\n\n101-...\n\nCHINA COANT MEVROROLOGICAL\n\nJACONSEG\n\n12\n\nREGISTER.\n\ndini A\n\nHoga.\n\nMTANK\n\n***\n\nKy\n\nturn to Jr, Rounds, and he so beinet of the conditices irvaad by a Governor and fuąca: shear and valid Andres, and in rules are map. Ser her! is 1. 186 Easy thu 15. Jer #62 felgrote so wire nomresies.property of oto Tang Abing, aswriter, the Pornostar grly! PA)) $4.3 15.1 R2!\n\nWUTA\n\npart in\n\nwat)owing\n\natan Sets Tail in white sareipim with those aropen and Urines, this boy,low them to the Tunde Gonced, shu kid wil hundor of the hiszen, which are, it will training ma tamat banyo had. Now the itayatan do 1. sanghariali as she press elves the pups of diseasting the action leich des matury was at trait i chudu sat down on the suddette in\n\nwould seatud tank ikusion deter insolens asthanhief quits of the consorcida ir, neelave 0 nith the statuente mire the Cnted destice shop acute reformy price. We wry, that they quinyo tas ber bank\n\nAny y fretter. Bank pilsynets fuld thu eklid unt The haze Bro:\n\n• Must be fib, heeger, drift. Die!\n\nCerita dia sedan hon the\n\n*-jaatioman, and by Mr Porben\n\nbet mother, wwi ghoshall have riay ko sat. Tus razer with Yehog wire wire Site, which is wasting moldly.\n\n•SUR ACRILICIS HAS E TEM auding beacon the sumpta vi the gosti a exted thu li For Major me to fled the gul up and portug I wearing a bele day pobant finds to souble a bież po that sundlifen, mus ense affert,doortor die Bisbard Thung the the Issues eins, The sunding is raid to deny revizor an addres frah the Chinesstrand. The keyer she told a lakang sil In a Library fee by Wah, menaged or in cash edition be impayad ng the Commuterascos or these begli, doute discon le all the soulags, shepherpes of Fourkoglu that is the bed stan and heat, and they both bailonal a saduroy day tha Ananto a clone of the netractione I have read, here you as we then, the public, psy, have not say all chefonda at the kom, madlange, al griteten story tow\n\nthren, by were wetend, Ma ght Jalild to the community dr. Bare to out the Game of Thedalico in sy thin sully my it for infrey re the reizes 1 f the Chivers ruity paran, the sbild, and thi lakong thon and\n\nis strony on his all trupert greats of the cnsion of Chinese fits the City itali, they are pors of this ming to the beating of the fur thus steps of zen Charuchy tomake of the fun riavar colatinus desean parts of Tractpen birthdod as fima do visit the bin corpin Leurs zvestiar the most important were nok hargitjada i la fog. The non pents theve vot of Unregnant birth or dawrent tu sbyxlag any other nationality. 198 Engrosh avs cia be mentine; odvrsive, fun muere of the dis. Swan was the inner of tires by whom that cons\n\nTUR ALLASED MUNDESIR MINY That suite implanter 1, a 23 long, tbré, ndeed, the pedicum are to get olded inringesin way and fer rays in a want catering plains at ausder the Gance. Fl Clines) du dyung, ausartani, approved, cu prind, cumque presente sa ne pu\n\nbaise the Chit City Mall Cacation, wrote a letter which a bar persone Cover how he is to wodas las portes by far whose pile we have trudard wil niet-The Tabu, Chiusse\n\nChernor desired to statebuyer wis mazilyan or 51,803 becu mucatly, with the other papere, befure over with respect to the Wures a man be apporti, de rhe row are paid to who is Pied Bev manus you shuast the king no disuction straf vationality.\n\nthe cowplainneren of Wind the City Hall Concil. the bafeen the Chant. gira hay v do I am about Queen Vesarin's infinity, boils wiring and Earques da\n\nIstal row place? Perisur Mr. Hoppšie 1937 sar. \"Lat? be in ureets with the engattomalts it ing! Chitwas auil tangered kanad÷dge of this versara public meBoy was catei, Far horaste its ceived the mid Feite plansla 60 what the Corviste waremtood, TEAGUE zbriter-panz vesz ke iznenardante! perands the title-led ai +1= property, it is a prere (209990 begetal Fuori z\n\nSee isely! Utirris and foreigners, bet file i\n\ndectwded, 13-py won uns allied to the Father romandel il Wednesday next at the 1. with fees to she advisɔn of Lile ambile; with the Sighs apkin Farben, in sicer saliency caut. it again zu erary relativas allar vidar una faseibo Wa Single proper in making that MS APT THE sidloveandag, grafts of sample polar restante si lay to see a man war it was abfamily decies by case voweydutal to imperfly wipe that it the ind\n\nHished Marbonnels wi\n\narı günque prilburt aran dotibel as in greitadinonthoing as of the saprint the the chemcing, and these chirase susjonaty of ham o'shack. pennial frenzy, which no pas in gain think wait to glade i Grind. It wat tertia en licht heuld be stres at the winding how it was the use of The questing in quation wie wit to by se ou pe bad bush previo on to be A draracteristic «uacfałe is to tell of Chern. Ate Leary to be rutbed by the al of Her Majesty' shot as book of zesian arte susite 15\n\nthat it was cry haters the Queen I was laid before the Quesa, jeje, dhe race, zealace of the rifle of en lommal terms, ap, i7 60, an M47\n\nFury entwertrine so be recovery to enaldo segi atractions, Ting wh not like katmendors of list had 1 wenid santo with rogari la them veren settlement? Wat was the spared uribols? censoren pilo. Kocniky, đã lugter use \"277%, nessans at ti a rod beverentiation of uns werk of of City - brumeriquely president of the Tinji Peter Wil, ny kon with Associated arataiken-bang, seven be szagad article was the articis which proporvi bezowice. A po 1 Molution charging the fe coghing and during il 16 two act. whish dantly Pig Lead was the Chairaus of the City Lini: Con- before that commiflar bear by the consider the repation, dy the grain of Benson of the aniony with mine lezimy was ouch appleded by the public, La Lad kapi tasi Mobiaian, where why if Mer wübleari\n\n...te naudot say that that it is unk, tlovkrantenatal. De Compatike duly sunadiared¦ quod fascia. Prevelike, inayosan, dan Committe to Wool To im Chiu rimtasi proprianou la giuntur slunce. This third so f 11 godoy GT AT reporterà trece pan panca. 5. Askotations as the mosul J• few to sit the world? zerely the question of tiba Beteramy nating, and starbed po treat such weight as ting considered this question, beaving out the on. Pip ses caution was awed by fli. Perors, wantsily tour¦ayi, qui a certain presage repac alg\n\npartout feuerlore of 91 24 to be allomat, la ancoran sich the law, with the coach-thogent the minutes omarmed to by Yome 63. Senden Plotleg kyny were requlug gel and what did say? That there we wemed to chand blanket oft lite speciaria o delu 128 a fight to\n\nthe alley died Tigay gu\n\ndi tirune who nhienon the fonts. Well or sny bar any oh-nge is the bar and police then the aid meeden, to the maminkomaat of bis 18-201 kaple of the Wh 9 Dutcher, f\n\nSMC Cleary, That is dured Be Ontran and Site only gu What about a vatermace jam mu nesto vractical mer ven for a tine, graissat by sa doseman wzali ke in much | the only revity dete.nl puixes. And Mr. ; ceviky like blust dnu fucked cus of them. “I\n\nf the City Plan L'acato, title, the serie Sermons of Wise What Doest dati je le arconlucre with the best the war festion than the salties were atrunjen propuned the shied cantation in obald dare leaght it wwa one of imponeret wide hondes Comictal\n\nLady STATES OF The pale Way it buy buen zmesed by the Chrystals is a\n\nverbeza provokings in napest of the exter'tine, izgored thin anzeznu, with gaveita moïveté, \" don' Back in den bag baina er niveis fel, miley. I don's believe that to the dielny of. There is a regolation for sunkiag einseite Chas the prestigue impeding, wing, po wali fails. That es day in 1978. Whether so tune if I did vol explapl it he might! Raja - Cargar mai dat die previene il le mu je zelo but sinar bever hea. Italien, been pay tinaght of Hongkong any hole of grilema;. Locher they tinc asafol As în fun Belowaty, Shade la ang in deurial distety na which to found a jądgment: inatamente af de tinge trord right or wrong-- Faibly eat it ou\n\nperlinge\n\nMulder.\n\nple, where to be tha matekoligny P $trings Soid go ự his prekerswad tiká reṣait was su albamution it the cales sal the patio. it her by hake the matrial regulations of the Lobocy, and that Rogging i trimu·la, was son to sprytead heartily. Thyon :\n\n6. Maste\n\nWeiber\n\nChepanekens, Paint-bat degrees and init, kept as lon\n\n1. shade\n\nof Mr. Reinis sevī tu♬ ärved Mr. Byrie.\n\nthat were suggesting of the Secrets of Bide, and the nanofonizettistite ice of event.\n\ngedal. Passes in ¦ when King Ware Bullet open zu denk with:\n\nTerave the spell file and in pred us what he culled the Ocultast : the whole para.\" Yon illot,\" and info na sred\n\nindia be", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-190 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 357361, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-267 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [4-6]", "page_number": 218, "title": "CO129-267 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [4-6]", "content_text": "## Enclosure 2\n\nThe HongKong Daily Press of 20th Mail, 1895.\n\nMr. JACKSON - Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, there has been a short reference in the Chairman's speech to the British dollar. It is a very important item indeed in connection with the future commerce of this colony. I think it affords us an opportunity of placing the currency of the colony in a sound condition and doing away with the foolish system of chopping dollars. I believe the Government have been advised at home by experienced men that it would be impossible to do away with chopping the British dollars. I do not at all agree with the advice they have acted upon. From our point of view, it is highly desirable that our currency should also be a legal tender in the Straits Settlements. The banks here have considerable interest in the banks in the Straits. If these dollars are chopped, they cease to be current in the Straits. They are current in Hongkong, but not in the Straits. It is a great grievance and at the end of the 19th century, we ought not to tolerate chopped currency. (Hear, hear). It would be in the interests of every single trader in this place, of every private individual, and of none more than the Chinese themselves, if the system were stopped altogether. This custom of chopping is a very ancient one, and I think the time has now come for it to be done away with. I would like, before this meeting separates, to have an expression of opinion that the Government should legislate that the British dollar should not be chopped and if it is chopped, that it should not be current. (Hear, hear). We all know we had 7.1.7 to the dollar, one of the reasons being that the tael weight is pretty well the universal one all over China, but the chopped dollar is not accepted in Shanghai. Surely the Government would not come to the conclusion that the Shanghai custom would not apply here. The objection must arise that ten Mexican dollars are worth more by count than by weight. The weight of the Mexican dollar is a very irregular one. It is supposed to be 417 or 418 grains, whereas the weight of the British dollar is 416, so that they are very much the same. At all events, the loss is so slight that everyone would put that consideration on one side for the purpose of placing the currency on a proper footing.\n\nMr. SHARP - I am very glad that Mr. Jackson has said what he has. I had intended to say a word about chopping dollars, but I was very much afraid that anything which I might say might not be appreciated by Mr. Jackson, who is the manager of the Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, because I can imagine that a bank might think that its interests were in some way identified with the chopping of dollars, for this reason, that they can chop as many coins as they please. Known banks chop a hundred thousand coins and go through a great deal of labour overnight before they are paid out in the morning, in order that the bank may secure a premium upon unchopped dollars which remained in their treasury. I am delighted to find that Mr. Jackson takes a clear view on this matter, and I think he bases his view upon the idea of bettering the general interests of the colony.\n\nThere is no question whatever that the mutilation of our coins is against the interests of trade. Why should there always be a premium upon remittances to Singapore and Japan? For no earthly reason than that the coins with which we have to pay for those bills are at a discount. If you want to send a remittance to Singapore, you have to send a clean coin. I do not know whether people are aware of the injury which is hereby inflicted. I would like to direct your attention for a minute to a little anecdote which occurred more than thirty years ago. I sold an invoice of clean Mexican dollars for the Commercial Bank to the Agra Bank. It was then that the proportion of indifferent low touch coins, which had been habitually rejected by the banks' compradores for many years previously, had been greatly increasing - increasing year by year until it had become quite a formidable matter. On this occasion, between six and seven hundred dollars were rejected by the compradore of the Agra Bank. I asked what they were worth, and the reply was \"Oh, these coins no good touch, have got tin inside; but maskee, 30 cents.\" Thirty cents was all the money that was offered for these 650 dollars. I was the intermediary employed in the transaction and therefore was called upon to deal with it. I went into my best to settle an arrangement. I went to another bank close by and said \"Compradore, what are these dollars worth?\" \"Oh, very little touch\" was the reply, \"25 or 30 cents.\" I thought this was more unsatisfactory. I got into my little pony trap and drove down to Messrs. Olyphant and Co., the American firm, whose business then was next door to the Commissariat Buildings. I went in and saw the managing partner, Mr. Parkin, and said to him, \"Will you allow me to do a little business with your compradors?\" He said \"By all means.\" I said to the compradore, \"There are these 650 Mexican dollars. They are at five per cent. premium. Please allow your shroff to look see.\" He called in his shroff, who shroffed these 630 Mexicans. He said \"They are all good.\" I said \"I think perhaps some have got pieces inside not belonging; make better you call in another shroff.\" He then sent in next door for the shroff of Fletcher & Co. The shroff came in and carefully examined them a second time. He said \"They are all good,\" but selected one coin and said \"This piece belongs to old year, you more better go Lane Crawford and buy one batch.\" (Laughter). I said \"You can secure number one.\" He said \"Clean dollar just now long five per cent. premium.\" I said \"Maskee, give me the notes.\" He gave me the notes, and I drove off to the bank. I gave them to the manager and said \"For goodness' sake don't say anything about these or else there will be a reclamation.\" Nothing was said about it. There was not a bad dollar amongst them. Both these men are now dead, but the compradors of the late firm of Olyphant and Co. are, I believe, still living, and he will confirm my statement. The attempt of the Agra Bank compradore to put nearly 500 dollars into his pocket out of this bullion shipment was thus defeated.\n\nPage 215 \n`TREASURY` \n`10096` \n`(REC 1 JUL 95)`", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-267 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422794, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 197, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# CHINA RAILWAYS\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n### SECTION 1\n\n(No. 227.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 12.)\n\nPeking, June 23, 1909.\n\nIN your despatch No. 143 of the 12th May you informed me that you had pointed out to Mr. Addis that while the groups which he represented would continue to receive the exclusive support of His Majesty's Government in connection with the Canton-Hankow and Hankow-Szechuan lines of railway, you could not accord this support for all time to one particular firm for any railway business that might arise in China in the future.\n\nYou suggested that the difficulty of affording support to a particular group be in a great measure removed if it were possible for the principal firms of financiers and contractors of good standing interested in the Far East to amalgamate, and you invited an expression of my views in regard to this suggestion.\n\nMy experience here has convinced me that His Majesty's Government could not continue to afford exclusive support to any corporation or group of firms in railway business in China without incurring serious and, in my opinion, justifiable criticism. The agents of Messrs. Samuel and Co. and Messrs. Paulings have repeatedly in the course of the recent negotiations protested vehemently against being excluded from competing with the British and Chinese Corporation and the Chinese Central Railways, and have not hesitated to state publicly and to make it known in the press that the British legation was being used to further the interests of a particular set of British subjects to the exclusion of all others. Such a state of things is manifestly untenable as it places the legation in an invidious position and creates a feeling of soreness both amongst the Chinese, who think that they are being \"cornered\" by our official action, and amongst those of our own people who find themselves excluded from a lucrative field of employment. A corporation or group of financiers who can count upon such exclusive support are naturally inclined to take up a strong attitude in their dealings with the Chinese, and to trust to His Majesty's Government rather than to patient methods of negotiation for the attainment of success. Should they fail to compete successfully with their foreign rivals, we are debarred from transferring our support to other British firms, however high their standing may be, and the result is the sacrifice of political interests of considerable magnitude and importance.\n\nSo far as the difficulties with our own people are concerned, they would doubtlessly be largely removed if it were possible, as you suggest, to make a combination which would include all the leading financiers and contractors interested in Far Eastern business. But I understand that the formation of a British group which would be as representative of British finance as the French and German groups are of finance in their respective countries is considered impracticable, and that the relations between the financiers and the manufacturers are not so well organised in Great Britain or so adaptable to the end in view as they are on the continent, especially in Germany. The German banks which constitute the consortium, of which Herr Cordes is the agent in China, have each, I believe, their clientèle of manufacturers to whom they allot a fixed portion of their orders for materials. They have likewise an institution which corresponds to the British and Chinese Corporation in the British system, but it is subordinated to the banks, and the dual method of representation which obtains here and to which so many of our difficulties appear to be traceable, finds no favour with the Germans.\n\nThe first essential in any enterprise of this kind is that there should be cordial co-operation and identity of interest amongst the groups forming the combination, and this unity has hitherto been conspicuously absent on the British side. The relations between the Hong Kong and Shanghae Bank and the British and Chinese Corporation have often been those of rival institutions, rather than of companies closely allied and aiming at a common end. Messrs. Pauling and Co., who for a time seem to have come to terms with the British and Chinese Corporation, felt aggrieved that they were not allowed to supplant the latter when the negotiations with Chang Chih-tung were broken off, and Messrs. Samuel and Co. and other firms considered that they were...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422857, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 260, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# CHINA RAILWAYS.\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\nNo. 1.\n\nJuly 12\n\nSECTION 14 AUG 09\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 12.)**\n\n(No. 227.)\n\nPeking, June 23, 1909.\n\nSir,\n\nIN your despatch No. 143 of the 12th May you informed me that you had pointed out to Mr. Addis that, while the groups which he represented would continue to receive the exclusive support of His Majesty's Government in connection with the Canton-Hankow and Hankow-Szechuan lines of railway, you could not accord this support for all time to one particular firm for any railway business that might arise in China in the future.\n\nYou suggested that the difficulty of affording support to a particular group would be in a great measure removed if it were possible for the principal firms of financiers and contractors of good standing interested in the Far East to amalgamate, and you invited an expression of my views in regard to this suggestion.\n\nMy experience here has convinced me that His Majesty's Government could not continue to afford exclusive support to any corporation or group of firms in railway business in China without incurring serious and, in my opinion, justifiable criticism. The agents of Messrs. Samuel and Co. and Messrs. Paulings have repeatedly in the course of the recent negotiations protested vehemently against being excluded from competing with the British and Chinese Corporation and the Chinese Central Railways, and have not hesitated to state publicly and to make it known in the press that the British Legation was being used to further the interests of a particular set of British subjects to the exclusion of all others. Such a state of things is manifestly untenable, as it places the legation in an invidious position and creates a feeling of soreness both amongst the Chinese, who think that they are being \"cornered\" by our official action, and amongst those of our own people, who find themselves excluded from a lucrative field of employment. A corporation or group of financiers who can count upon such exclusive support are naturally inclined to take up a strong attitude in their dealings with the Chinese and to trust to His Majesty's Government rather than to patient methods of negotiation for the attainment of success. Should they fail to compete successfully with their foreign rivals, we are debarred from transferring our support to other British firms, however high their standing may be, and the result is the sacrifice of political interests of considerable magnitude and importance.\n\nSo far as the difficulties with our own people are concerned, they would doubtless be largely removed if it were possible, as you suggest, to make a combination which would include all the leading financiers and contractors interested in Far Eastern business. But I understand that the formation of a British group which would be as representative of British finance as the French and German groups are of finance in their respective countries is considered impracticable, and that the relations between the financiers and the manufacturers are not so well organised in Great Britain or so adaptable to the end in view as they are on the Continent, especially in Germany. The German banks which constitute the consortium of which Herr Cordes is the agent in China, have each, I believe, their clientèle of manufacturers to whom they allot a fixed portion of their orders for materials. They have likewise an institution which corresponds to the British and Chinese Corporation in the British system, but it is subordinated to the banks, and the dual method of representation which obtains here and to which so many of our difficulties appear to be traceable, finds no favour with the Germans. The first essential in any enterprise of this kind is that there should be cordial co-operation and identity of interest amongst the groups forming the combination, and this unity has hitherto been conspicuously absent on the British side. The relations between the Hong Kong and Shanghae Bank and the British and Chinese Corporation have often been those of rival institutions, rather than of companies closely allied and aiming at a common end. Messrs. Pauling and Co., who for a time seem to have come to terms with the British and Chinese Corporation, felt aggrieved that they were not allowed to supplant the latter when the negotiations with Chang Chih-tung were broken off, and Messrs. Samuel and Co. and other firms considered that they were unjustly treated in not being afforded active support in underbidding the Germans and ousting them from the position they had secured in the Canton-Hankow line.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 427165, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]", "page_number": 250, "title": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]", "content_text": "In Gomperty\n\nDrut Dail\n\nsuggested\n\n-ments\n\nX\n\nto do aft 8 Judges\n\nredare impors during pleasure\n\nSi\n\nF. Piggør\n\n's retirement\n\n1912-\n\n(IE The\n\nThe Chief Judge\n\niple (ice end\n\nThe\n\nto\n\n24978/09)\n\nThis scheme\n\nhave to\n\nconsider\n\n)\n\nadopt the\n\nA\n\nThe spring of suggestion for bringing\n\n1 Shanghai).\n\nMeanwhile\n\nintervening period\n\ndescribes\n\nand the OA.C\n\nThe reconstitution\n\nAppeal count\n\nnecessity\n\nas\n\n\"\n\nmatter\n\nis last\n\nMr. Collins\n\nI monite\n\non\n\nXen\n\nit was\n\nungent\n\nDiscussed\n\n30923/09-but\n\ndetermined to take up\n\nquestion\n\nlegalizing absolutely\n\nof The present (.). at\n\nhave\n\nof the Appeal Court is\n\nI would\n\n2\n\ntends I\n\nreorganization\n\nmuch suggest Not\n\nonly\n\nThe\n\nThe\n\nretnement\n\n66.\n\nAll The\n\nL\n\nDorit to\n\nshow\n\nThat\n\nvery\n\nneeded\n\nand\n\nto\n\navoid\n\nThe\n\nin\n\norder\n\nof\n\naltenig\n\n4\n\nwithin\n\nfor\n\nThe\n\nCount\n\ndifpally\n\narrangement\n\nlove\n\nmight arrange\n\nmemba\n\nSuch person\n\nas\n\nSgs) may from time\n\naffit\n\nhoces me\n\nContrary\n\nunless\n\nwould\n\nyear\n\nto\n\nnet\n\na\n\nThund\n\nbe\n\nGov2 (a Ma\n\ntinia\n\nsuch be entirely\n\nto\n\nall\n\naccepted anagar\n\nworld\n\npractically to whole of\n\nenable\n\n40\n\nto\n\n247\n\nfor sengaging the Affeally)\n\ndraft dill which will\n\nbe found in 6733/09)\n\ncertain recessary\n\nmunistes\n\nor\n\nwith\n\namendments (vide\n\n6733/09)\n\nDe appointment\n\n8\n\nhe could be\n\neither.\n\n(1) Ke\n\nsubstantive\n\nr\n\nofficer holding\n\napp\n\nBrier\n\na (2). if not\n\nPrisne Judge\n\nAs\n\nmember\n\nand\n\nX\n\nThird judge\n\n1 Magistrate\n\nacting\n\nA\n\nhae\n\nDen\n\neg\n\nno\n\n$\n\nDar\n\nCam\n\nbe found.\n\nCount\n\nSuitable person\n\nA\n\n~ (3).\n\n3\n\n4) wither (\n\nChina present\n\nThe\n\n^nat\n\n2) again if page comin's\n\nfrom Shanghat (2)\n\nThas\n\nJudge of the Supreme\n\n4\n\nCrea\n\nHong Kong\n\nC.). of Hong\n\nnat satisfactay\n\nwoes\n\nSom\n\nAns\n\nretires [provided\n\nCanongements can be made with F. O-ree 28481/09.]\n\nbe actually\n\nmrough the fact\n\nnee-des\n\nat once\n\nM. Comperty is\n\nDat\n\non leave\n\nabsence\n\nuntil the\n\nCard\n\ng\n\n7 April 1911.\n\nas regards (3) it might be necessary to provide for the Chief Judge of Shanghai\n\nCount to brasive (not, I thuile, Other Judge) in the Preft Bill\n\n1\n\n4/47/12\n\nAfter re-examining the text and following the instructions:\n\n## Step 1: Reorganize the text into proper paragraphs and correct obvious OCR errors.\nThe original text appears to be a jumbled collection of words and phrases. Upon closer inspection, it seems to be discussing the reorganization of the Appeal Court in Hong Kong and the appointment of judges.\n\n## Step 2: Correct spelling errors and fix spacing issues.\nCorrecting spelling errors: \"Gomperty\" to \"Comperty\", \"Drut\" to \"Draft\", \"redare\" to \"redeem\", \"impors\" to \"import\", \"Piggør\" to \"Piggott\", \"iple\" to \"Chief Judge\", \"intervening feriod\" to \"intervening period\", \"difpally\" to \"differently\", \"altenig\" to \"altering\", \"memba\" to \"members\", \"hoces\" to \"occasions\", \"Thund\" to \"Third\", \"Gov2\" to \"Gov.\", \"anagar\" to \"arrangement\", \"sengaging\" to \"engaging\", \"Affeally\" to \"Affairs\", \"dill\" to \"bill\", \"munistes\" to \"minutes\", \"De\" to \"The\", \"app\" to \"appointment\", \"Brier\" to \"...\", \"Prisne\" to \"Puisne\", \"Xen\" to \"...\", \"ungent\" to \"urgent\", \"monite\" to \"...\", \"nat\" to \"not\", \"Crea\" to \"Court\", \"Hong trong\" to \"Hong Kong\", \"F. O-ree\" to \"F.O. re\", \"mrough\" to \"through\", \"nee-des\" to \"needs\", \"Card\" to \"...\", \"thuile\" to \"think\", \"Preft\" to \"Present\", \"brasive\" to \"...\", \"comin's\" to \"coming\", \"Shanghat\" to \"Shanghai\", \"woes\" to \"...\", \"Ans\" to \"...\", \"Canongements\" to \"Arrangements\".\n\n## Step 3: Reconstruct the text into coherent paragraphs and apply Markdown formatting where necessary.\nAfter correction and reorganization, the text is presented in a more readable format.\n\nThe final output in HTML format is:\n\nIn Comperty\n\nDraft Dail\n\nsuggested\n\n-ments\n\nX\n\nto do aft 8 Judges\n\nto redeem imports during pleasure\n\nSi\n\nF. Piggott\n\n's retirement\n\n1912-\n\n(IE The\n\nThe Chief Judge\n\nand\n\nThe\n\nto\n\n24978/09)\n\nThis scheme\n\nhas to\n\nconsider\n\n)\n\nadopt the\n\nA\n\nThe spring of suggestion for bringing\n\n1 Shanghai).\n\nMeanwhile\n\nintervening period\n\ndescribes\n\nand the OA.C\n\nThe reconstitution\n\nAppeal count\n\nnecessity\n\nas\n\n\"\n\nmatter\n\nis last\n\nMr. Collins\n\nI ...\n\non\n\n...\n\nit was\n\nurgent\n\nDiscussed\n\n30923/09-but\n\ndetermined to take up\n\nquestion\n\nlegalizing absolutely\n\nof The present (.). at\n\nhave\n\nof the Appeal Court is\n\nI would\n\n2\n\ntends I\n\nreorganization\n\nmuch suggest Not\n\nonly\n\nThe\n\nThe\n\nretirement\n\n66.\n\nAll The\n\nL\n\nDorit to\n\nshow\n\nThat\n\nvery\n\nneeded\n\nand\n\nto\n\navoid\n\nThe\n\nin\n\norder\n\nof\n\naltering\n\n4\n\nwithin\n\nfor\n\nThe\n\nCount\n\ndifferently\n\narrangement\n\nlove\n\nmight arrange\n\nmembers\n\nSuch person\n\nas\n\nSgs) may from time\n\naffit\n\non occasions\n\nContrary\n\nunless\n\nwould\n\nyear\n\nto\n\nnet\n\na\n\nThird\n\nbe\n\nGov. (a Ma\n\ntinia\n\nsuch be entirely\n\nto\n\nall\n\naccepted arrangement\n\nworld\n\npractically to whole of\n\nenable\n\n40\n\nto\n\n247\n\nfor engaging the Affairs)\n\ndraft bill which will\n\nbe found in 6733/09)\n\ncertain necessary\n\nminutes\n\nor\n\nwith\n\namendments (vide\n\n6733/09)\n\nThe appointment\n\n8\n\nhe could be\n\neither.\n\n(1) Ke\n\nsubstantive\n\nr\n\nofficer holding\n\n...\n\na (2). if not\n\nPuisne Judge\n\nAs\n\nmember\n\nand\n\nX\n\nThird judge\n\n1 Magistrate\n\nacting\n\nA\n\n...\n\nDen\n\neg\n\nno\n\n$\n\nDar\n\nCam\n\nbe found.\n\nCount\n\nSuitable person\n\nA\n\n~ (3).\n\n3\n\n4) wither (\n\nChina present\n\nThe\n\nnot\n\n2) again if page coming\n\nfrom Shanghai (2)\n\nThus\n\nJudge of the Supreme\n\n4\n\nCourt\n\nHong Kong\n\nof Hong\n\nnot satisfactory\n\n...\n\n...\n\nretires [provided\n\nArrangements can be made with F.O. re 28481/09.]\n\nbe actually\n\nthrough the fact\n\nneeds\n\nat once\n\nM. Comperty is\n\non leave\n\nabsence\n\nuntil the\n\n...\n\ng\n\n7 April 1911.\n\nas regards (3) it might be necessary to provide for the Chief Judge of Shanghai\n\nCount to ... (not, I think, Other Judge) in the Present Bill\n\n1\n\n4/47/12\n\nHowever, to follow the exact format requested:\n\nIn Comperty\n\nDraft Dail suggested -ments X to do aft 8 Judges to redeem imports during pleasure Si F. Piggott's retirement 1912- (IE The The Chief Judge and The to 24978/09) This scheme has to consider ) adopt the A The spring of suggestion for bringing 1 Shanghai). Meanwhile intervening period describes and the OA.C The reconstitution Appeal count necessity as \" matter is last Mr. Collins I ... on ... it was urgent Discussed 30923/09-but determined to take up question legalizing absolutely of The present (.). at have of the Appeal Court is I would 2 tends I reorganization much suggest Not only The The retirement 66. All The L Dorit to show That very needed and to avoid The in order of altering 4 within for The Count differently arrangement love might arrange members Such person as Sgs) may from time affit on occasions Contrary unless would year to net a Third be Gov. (a Ma tinia such be entirely to all accepted arrangement world practically to whole of enable 40 to 247 for engaging the Affairs) draft bill which will be found in 6733/09) certain necessary minutes or with amendments (vide 6733/09) The appointment 8 he could be either. (1) Ke substantive r officer holding ... a (2). if not Puisne Judge As member and X Third judge 1 Magistrate acting A ... Den eg no $ Dar Cam be found. Count Suitable person A ~ (3). 3 4) wither ( China present The not 2) again if page coming from Shanghai (2) Thus Judge of the Supreme 4 Court Hong Kong of Hong not satisfactory ... ... retires [provided Arrangements can be made with F.O. re 28481/09.] be actually through the fact needs at once M. Comperty is on leave absence until the ... g 7 April 1911. as regards (3) it might be necessary to provide for the Chief Judge of Shanghai Count to ... (not, I think, Other Judge) in the Present Bill 1 4/47/12", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 433537, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-381 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [11-12]", "page_number": 118, "title": "CO129-381 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [11-12]", "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nand who will undoubtedly see that it is spent to good purpose. How the measures they may introduce will react on our subsidiary coinage problem in this Colony remains to be seen, and we shall shape our policy accordingly when we know them. The balance of the sum due for the revision of the Ordinances is included. The total net cost after deducting the value of the copies purchased at the ordinary sale price will be $5,000 only, and I can personally testify, as also can the Law Committee of this Council, to the immense amount of time, industry, and ability which Sir Francis Piggott has devoted to the work. fortunate in having so exceptionally able a Chair at the University. It will supersede the vote of $2,500 which has hitherto been granted to the College of Medicine, since this institution will now be absorbed by the University. The latter vote has been retained on the estimates this year, as the College will continue for a great part of the year, but it will not be fully spent. The University vote, should the Council approve, will be paid in full in order to cover cost of passages, etc. I propose that the sum shown in the estimates shall annually be paid over to the funds of the University, as a recognition by Government on the one hand of the large amount subscribed by voluntary contributions towards this project, and on the other hand because the University will greatly benefit the taxpayers of the Colony by affording a means of completing the education of the pupils in the highest classes of our secondary schools. It is not an unduly liberal contribution compared with the $11,150 per annum which The Straits give to the Medical College there. This Government recognition, if assented to by this Council, will, I am confident, greatly encourage the Chinese gentlemen who have made such strenuous efforts to promote this scheme.\n\nThe Miscellaneous vote is, as I have already said, increased by a sum of $32,000 for coal for launches, which replaces votes to a larger amount hitherto shown under various departments.\n\n## Police, Etc.\n\nThe cost of the assisted-passages scheme involves an increase of some $6,000 in the transport vote, which was previously underestimated; the actual expenditure last year standing at $14,000. The police have been increased by the addition of one European sergeant and two lance sergeants; the Indians decreased by 14 constables and the Chinese increased by 44 police constables, while No. 3 police launch is re-commissioned with a full crew. The additions to the strength of the police are made in order to admit of a considerable increase in the detective force, and the division of the whole city and of Kowloon into detective divisions for the better suppression of crime. These measures have already been carried out, the cost this year having been approved by this Council in a supplementary vote, and I think I can already detect a good result. The re-commissioning of the launch is in order to more effectually patrol the waters of the Colony, with a view to stopping armed robberies at sea, which are of too frequent occurrence. A new police station has been opened at Tsun Wan, a European police sergeant being withdrawn from Au Tau for this charge.\n\n## Subsidiary Coinage, Etc.\n\nProvision is made for the loss actually incurred by the receipt of revenue paid in subsidiary coins, the discount being estimated at seven per cent. No provision is made for demonetisation, which the Secretary of State and the Lords of the Treasury consider to be an inadvisable measure, and the cost of which we are at present ill able to afford. We may, however, count it to ourselves for righteousness that during the last four years we have recalled from circulation and melted down silver subsidiary coins to the value of $5,272,012, and copper to the value of $255,446, representing a total of over 78,000,000 coins at a cost to the revenue of $795,758. We shall await with interest the disclosure of the steps which are about to be taken by China for the reorganisation of her currency under the auspices of the four Powers who have guaranteed a great loan for the purpose.\n\nThe effect of those changes is to increase the total for salaries by $17,000, but the total cost of the police, exclusive of fire brigade and prisons, remains the same owing to various economies under other charge votes, and to the transfer of $13,000 for coal for launches to the head Miscellaneous Services. The charge for the department is roughly 12 per cent. of the revenue of the Colony.\n\nSome economies have been effected in the prison staff on the suggestion of the Assistant Superintendent of Victoria Gaol, especially the substitution of four Indian for two European warders; and on the recommendation of the Captain Superintendent of Police the $5,000 voted under Fire Brigade last year for street fire alarms has not been spent. A motor tender with new ladders to enable the firemen to reach the scene of a fire more quickly than is at present possible with coolie-drawn carts has been substituted, at a cost to be provided next year of $14,000.\n\n## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nI laid those matters, with some others, before a committee of experts early last year, and their recommendations were summarized in a report which was laid before this Council on May 5th, 1910 (Sessional Paper 3, 1910).\n\n## The Government's Educational Policy\n\nIn dealing with the Vote for Education, I shall ask your attention to a few remarks on the progress of the general educational policy which has been followed during the past three years.\n\nFirst, as regards the schools (whether supported by Government alone, or by missions or by others with a Government grant) in which a secondary education is given. A tendency had grown up to regard an increased attendance of pupils as the chief sign of progress and development. The staff of the Schools had not, in the large majority of cases, kept pace with the increase in numbers of scholars, and the Government schools were no exception. In Queen's College, for instance, the attendance was about 1,000, though the numbers for whom it is now found (even with extra classrooms) that proper accommodation can be provided is only 800. As a consequence, the size of the classes had in many cases grown very large and much in excess of the number which could properly and efficiently be taught by a single master. The quality of the education afforded was therefore deteriorating from year to year, while the schools were overcrowded. Moreover, there was a tendency in most, if not in all, of the schools which professed to give a secondary education, to increase the numbers in the lowest (viz., the primary) classes, and as the grant was given per caput, the same sum was received for a mere infant as for boys in the top classes whose education required expensive masters.\n\nThe Medical Department shows no change of importance. The Lunatic Asylum is retained on its present basis, but the question of providing some better accommodation for its increasing numbers is engaging my attention. The grant to the Tung Wa Hospital for medicines, hitherto an elastic amount, is increased by $1,000, and $2,500 is now fixed as a maximum. The Sanitary Department continues its policy of substituting direct control for the unwieldy contracts which it was difficult to supervise. The total of the salaries is thereby increased to a small amount by the engagement of extra bullock drivers and launch men in order to effect a much larger decrease in the contracts which appear under other charges.\n\nEffect: The total estimated expenditure in this department has now fallen to $341,096, with an increase of efficiency due to improved methods and to the constant supervision and thought given by the Head of the Department, and by the public-spirited gentlemen who form the Sanitary Board.\n\nTo check the tendency to augment the lower classes at the expense of the advanced ones, a higher grant was given for pupils in the upper and middle divisions of a school than for those in the lower division; while a special grant, which now appears separately to the amount of $3,500, was given for those who passed the tests of the Oxford Local examination. To ensure adequate personal attention to every pupil, and to check overcrowding, the numbers in a single class under one master were limited to 40. The standard of each class was at the same time made identical in all Government and grant schools throughout the Colony, so that comparison of the education given by each school is now easy. These reforms were applied to Government schools equally with grant schools, and the teaching staff was considerably increased, while the number of pupils was reduced partly by the introduction of dual desks, which prevented the former overcrowding and reduced the accommodation available, and partly by the elimination of...\n\n## 192\n## 193\n## 114", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-381 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 451090, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-417 - Public Offices - 1914", "page_number": 17, "title": "CO129-417 - Public Offices - 1914", "content_text": "# [This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\nC.O.24265\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## [May 9.]\n### SECTION 1\n\n(No. 85.) Sir,\n\n**Mr. Wingfield to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received May 9.)**\nVienna, May 7, 1914.\n\nIN fulfilment of Count Berchtold's promise, recorded in Sir Maurice de Bunsen's despatch No. 76 of the 24th instant, Baron Macchio has now transmitted to me the text of a note, a copy of which I have the honour to enclose, addressed by the Austro-Hungarian Government to the Netherlands Minister in Vienna on the subject of the adhesion of the Dual Monarchy to the International Opium Convention.\n\nIn his covering letter the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs expresses the belief that the contents of this note will be in conformity with your wishes, as the Austro-Hungarian Government have not only declared their intention of adhering to the convention, but have also consented to the preliminary de facto application of its stipulations.\n\nI have, &c.\nCHARLES WINGFIELD.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1.\n**Note communicated to the Netherlands Minister in Vienna by the Austro-Hungarian Government.**\n\nJE n'ai pas manqué de soumettre à l'appréciation compétente des Gouvernements d'Autriche et de Hongrie l'idée suggérée dans l'aide-mémoire de la Légation Royale des Pays-Bas en date du 4 avril dernier, et ayant trait à la question de la mise en vigueur de la Convention internationale sur l'Opium.\n\nDe concert avec les Gouvernements d'Autriche et de Hongrie, j'ai l'honneur de vous informer, M. l'Envoyé, qu'il existe de notre part la ferme intention d'adhérer, dès que faire se pourra, à ladite Convention internationale.\n\nEn attendant, les Gouvernements d'Autriche et de Hongrie, s'inspirant des stipulations de la convention dont il s'agit, prendront les mesures nécessaires en vue d'assurer l'application desdites stipulations conventionnelles, et cela à partir du moment où la Convention sur l'Opium sera mise en vigueur par les Puissances signataires de cet accord international.\n\nVienne, le 5 mai, 1914.\n\n[2146 i-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-417 - Public Offices - 1914.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 457022, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915", "page_number": 338, "title": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915", "content_text": "mo \n\nthene \n\nground \n\navailable \n\nstoffring \n\nKis \n\nHarve \n\nfor \n\nyou \n\namiy \n\nfurther \n\ncrvidence \n\nto \n\nFO \n\nLF \n\nConf \n\ncofry of \n\ntel \n\ntil \n\nto \n\nLF \n\ncofing \n\nof \n\nF.O \n\nletter \n\nCurd \n\n12911 \n\nIn any further communication \n\non the subject, please quote \n\nNo. 21814/15. \n\nand address \n\nThe Under-Secretary of State, \n\nForeign Office, \n\nLondon. \n\nPrzy d \n\n12123 \n\n13 \n\nMar 15 \n\nFOREIGN OFFICE \n\nMarch / 1916. \n\n333 \n\nRa autom Pruice \n\nmay \n\n13/3/15 \n\nLe 5.5. Christe was I take it had a bount at tay koy lefre the instructions est fechitiline sead in te tet. of 11 ch - I twit be might add to be dull tl:- \n\n\" \n\nAny such autumang hought in to future. Angkay for shipment or Lanshifmanh \n\nwill fall \n\nunder frohititen of \n\nExportation directed fray the game of 11 Reh.\") \n\nthis y to tet. Mas-sots 20. \n\no adm? Lff a adm? the Love \n\nacry \n\nla Ia Catter. \n\nD. \n\nR. \n\n15 MAR. \n\nD. \n\nAr \n\n10 10/3/10- \n\nAVE \n\n18.3. 1- \n\nG \n\nSir:- \n\nIn reply to your letter 8952/15, of the 23rd. \n\nultimo, I am directed by Secretary Sir E.Grey to state \n\nthat it does not appear to him that there would be \n\nany possibility of obtaining the condemnation of the \n\ncargo of antimony referred to in your letter at the \n\npresent stage. \n\nSir E.Grey does not consider that it is possible, \n\nfrom the information in his possession, to connect the \n\nantimony on board the S.S. \"Chinese Princess' with that \n\nfinanced by Kupp's agent, and unless further evidence \n\nis available, there can be no ground for stopping \n\nthis consignment. \n\nIn Sir E.Grey's opinion is would be more desirable \n\nto endeavour to watch these consignments, and obtain \n\ninformation of any shipments by the American \n\nconsignees to Europe. \n\nI am, \n\nSir, \n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \n\nColonial Office. \n\nYour most obedient \n\nhumble Servant, \n\nRalph Pager", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 483192, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-460 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [1-4]", "page_number": 3, "title": "CO129-460 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [1-4]", "content_text": "(LaSSE) WA 17721/43 2,000 12/02 H, J. R&L, LA Gp 113\n\nVOL. 2\n\nDESP. NO. 54\n\nDATE 18 36b. Opruim Kepent 1919\n\nSUBJECT \"Order. 2-1920. Volunteer\n\n...\n\nDESP. NO. DATE SUBJECT\n\nleaf. 19 Mar. Hausing for Lauropeans.\n\n...\n\nTel. 26 working of Public Health (Order. 1-1903) Vacancy Asst. brown Solicitor\n\nDeath of M. G. Molin\n\nRetinement Mrs M. Main\n\nAppeal judge. Dull Count\n\nvisit to Macao\n\nStrike of Indian faboure\n\n...\n\nDESP. NO. DATE SUBJECT\n\n102 22 # 104 23 Tél.\n\n104 29 # 1/0 # WES Tel. 31 * \"Extension to Bldg. hat daska.\n\n3 Mar. J. M. Tulloch -Removal Onder\n\nVacancies i Dducation Dept.\n\n6. C. Ross apper, for us. employment Improvement of Warband Impl. Min. Resources Bureau Cemigrants to Prench Tatrati\n\nLeave of Police Officine\n\n115 116 117 191 Fel Bee. Uiction of Mil. Establs.\n\n1.0.Gvans Queens (t · Exec. I'cl. appt. Unofficial Membrans\n\nChinese Labour for Samoa\n\nLxhibitions of British Industries\n\nH.D. Durch Dudhisment Scheme\n\nOfficers transformed from bast. bruks-tansemnalility of - Capitation frants to Schools Bale of brown fand\n\n1 Aff. Leave to certain Public Officers\n\nRate of Pay iel.\n\nMr. A. E. Sachse - Naturalization bert Smuggling of Arms etc.\n\nOncles. 4-1920-\n\n...\n\nD. Jaffé Pension Leave\n\n2. D. Kansmael - Pension\n\nW. Luff - movements of Storage of cargo\n\nGOL\n\n1. Manu # He thong atthe Dahonation Under Quarry Bay Village rood Hu thnaugh Ryo.\n\n3.M.S.\n\n4. C. alod G. R. Safer pronation of Dehly. Gend. Manager. ships lost by Ememny action.\n\nConf.\n\n...\n\nJ. A. Wheat H.T. Jackman Benus Missing Revenue Stamps H. K. Sauth Development\n\nlawil disturbances\n\nChinese Labour for Samor\n\nLeducation Comprend at Canton\n\nAdministration. of Gant.\n\nExec. Council\" bapt. Taylor\n\nPension of M. G. A. aivodcock\n\nketuen of Geamans to China vin W. K.\n\nJ. he lage destituti Trench Canadian\n\n\"Death of M. W. J. Tutcher\n\nMemonial of Capt.\n\nTayhous\n\nSupt. Botanical & Porestry Dept. South Development schemé\n\nshan Skin P. Impurement scheme Pavers of Attorney", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-460 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 487731, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "page_number": 84, "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "content_text": "## \n| ha | Puitials Sex | Cigo kin, bonjandi | Correal glandy |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 145 | C | S | A |\n\n## \n| | | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Right Lung | Brondejonmove all deba | Cumpran than fatis any meatafucced fee blog Hansen #13, fær mammu. |\n| | Interimdong Tommolar pressemeroma med lobes Äuma as right” het dina vode k bythmy | \n\n## \n| | \n| --- | --- |\n| Mediastinal glands | Rel |\n| Hecrutini glands | |\n\n## \n| Consorti forma | Manglayı conatid glaud ar Lulua o afari favouring |\n| --- | --- |\n| (ladę walnut)ta ng matang mit Cdbanimes perform | |\n\nPilna hot implem might a collar mund te finale; patio tum r Evalangal reassen vigtí ́andi, kuna ma Carsac at larm akarod ne zamanda Healary jou MA Jiken Bros. Kau dua, min/kmar Manité- Urinary forms of carcalin Isamaj tralarged sometaining zamemo fiti, vart mådevent. Hitchinny few From Awar 83 Intra-camurial Remarks Pray f JA\n\n## \n| | \n| --- | --- |\n| becisam egynyard or ran along deploran jamuru afpore at | کیا کہ کمی |\n| Esclangal | remove lost wide |\n| | Added all with Salonged renome, appar fare quite for In a large Wilenny thi ALondon face | Lagwer br. Hanale majka pre right mode sukemalling Prank coffer post natal. |\n\n## \n| 119 C | /10 S.W | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Janvas (clapry) + 4. meclions of mater | Miliang 1.2. | Janisteras right side |\n| | ufuscodman bu pr”, turky vlcerative | On right, but amati tarvita MA. |\n| Cascated atright\" hitun Alterar upp pralythng | Slight congestion, no devisions leeberandore, | |\n| Kiley kidonda aggregat de Miliony aggregated at brace, thema viothe num & antral Inusipir | Castle gioueballar Lumes, plus Juumikit nga ba | \n\n## \nTuberculous Aronske presume mun, no fores forendif retus hulser girard \"I afmat Very gruvalind, original jurial oculiq derbijut Long from appland vidiet. Длин m acuti; fematical abuz y gland machinamp\n\n## \n| 119 | 110 | 12/ A | + | 4 | 121 | 5.7.7 | M 44 | T |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Gray interte Koughout | Laura lagja a dangu kan man view, in apparat me cibilian million man hajat, fol in Enlarged + santner at Tolan bat eskia, u tranlas. | | | | | | | |\n\nUnder the of the Lady Kam curtiințalantului; randy mama na kja fillariter kalimu Pantone armall for Talaga og farajan, bubapical ecen: fourth comune Adlines all the time ou veghe a little surku verages, hores sulauged at all. the same skerpart. Avg Technatas Kinglow were funny Lily Chat zal judet palmal kem Turistany a quay monftre The Aurte Fontati dall\n\n## \n| Opfaculty emisioned in decupo escape por lens indrets dathy Houlding from, doneď telourou, 12.1 | Through drafinu. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | hare, extus lungs suck und wohani red dvou comminug glands, bonustan ni | ILL |\n| vajaation, for molekuulama ve telimme a piedistal emptorita amandemba, what dosage mandy álmaolináj Chanted encali grup lukweli, without many attivato me | - Linga porrbnata, puissandy them with \"healing Intiimal condition maradumayeed a 16 gourmet diny bears agová adichi nokits dimrük politike, but no rushin pacat cloud | 123 |\n\nAsianty lindoriautoan, mens in defor (28 CF # ↓ Acacia Impala paremman kaka 114 buk M T markcom'ka nekliu manqua trausta lammu Kims can infatil stalnoise zinathi, Cavikálna (ladina le beau ofin! 1,2, Adlonis gently time Lighthou hay shasson any swollrey. the gland right side ventaged occupied, no sign Wodine dofita L. I thank M | 40 Huling pay Conglour Humilusti ngis su Carlyllus fick i adhuruti |2.0, alrevolim ina manly otáque strudia na Home Iron & call speed ho glands enlarged โ FLO J + J forty' alter Cockapital quay Victorok | Carly([d! dubapical, bribu\"red\" Adam bol spice murphy of Grey Future .. Camera Prader-brmedial glande na night, no a left\" With Faith stagest mmad causen-free- ΣΕ 127 M M A 112 H 712- 129 C 130 4.Y.N # 4\n\n## \n| Par fi me\" kadang menatang yg vanade ge my 12.50, format panas. 19. 16, | Frase \"pa), plating moved ib. Mal in trust, | Het is 18. Kong Krajk van de kl |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | Picktory finu ve 6, mert ma la paremmit Count (antina) 14, maar dis al by quaq Kabuki Vison; untilator vos cavity Enlarged a conquest, right Lalam, muna, na lift mili | | |\n\ntushin nga ba tay go for ipsa e lavandas, Kids of pay some d ! le ghovalý mu je jaal 5 5 M | Miliary, ferret, femme, woue in huncheong a pay, gray Kimayilmatig ( 2. sau af sancating printi Cartoon lost wide 152 55 7 'Cauitq, uchron! esabafocal de po\" marija; Cardiffwall,ku, banjut not gisting Oddernes altame segíti duet | Ending an cuisms in right, non fange het'nasa | Briting olur – Upper amin corean (added hitra tasks, mharaben, ujþar þastiqué u carly melamatóru in ML. 1335.5 60 baldai vetőm, ki nouaké narok'in pill Kong), What more text. Kad van 19 To demo Buscade tavid és teljes port til. | Alki polijt, mecdetur og beti. | canons on Aight\" Lage medly tanult maga a ulocation adlerims allow i divider lagen The übernatone slants found Tubaden scedired war vetessing, jou oë hase, vabler 125\" Jew ruching on caufasada que tan Aivars m Prancha portat 220 Hot O Kayle, barng generally officent, enforce found 127 ko. age, var planıdı 919, asas usual la Consign 220 124 130 Two milioni me avaluse Few malay In alcony, sumug at han « alsaq debesis, jauna, for a min kumdhangat bat Pulminary approved of rider standing. Pagishing enunties of moly for lothe - ― Plolun bot abuse of aloud wwthancu +", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 523814, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930", "page_number": 68, "title": "CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930", "content_text": "24\n\nThe sellers of exchange and money changers were however greatly inconvenienced as the Banks, owing to the fact that they were not able to cover their purchases due to there being no Merchant demand, refused to buy any exchange, except at a difference of anything from 4d to 1d to compensate for not only the risk in keeping a large overbought position but to make up for losses in the event of the money market getting tighter.\n\nOn the 26th November, the non-note-issuing Banks petitioned the Government to make the conditions under which the issuing Banks issue notes less onerous by removing the 1% tax payable on notes issued against Silver dollars held under the control of Government and inter alia it was pointed out that the withdrawal of the 1% tax would be an inducement to the note-issuing Banks to increase their issue of notes which would relieve the shortage.\n\nAs the Government had taken no action by the 10th December and as business was at a standstill and the shortage of notes getting more acute, the Banks sent in another petition to Government in which it was pointed out that the Banks, in the interests of the Colony, had \"pegged\" the selling rate for exchange for some time in order to facilitate a speedy return to silver parity to prevent the further influx of Silver dollars into the Colony.\n\nThe Banks again asked for the 1% tax to be removed and to authorise the note-issuing Banks to issue notes up to $10,000,000 against silver dollars lodged in the vaults of the Banque de l'Indo Chine.\n\nThe Banks at the same time emphasised the fact that business was going past the Colony and that the present monetary stringency was likely to lead to grave complications and to the detriment of the trade of the Colony and asked that measures be taken at once to relieve the situation.\n\nThe Banks also pointed out that Government should make some small sacrifice in helping to adjust the currency of the Colony in the present crisis and not leave it to the Banks to bear the entire burden of stabilising the currency.\n\nAs the shortage of notes began to get more acute due to obvious hoarding by Chinese and Native Banks and as there were large drawings from abroad on certain Banks, the following Banks:-\n\nNational City Bank.\n\nAmerican Express Co. Inc.\n\nEquitable Eastern Banking Corporation.\n\nBank of Canton Limited.\n\nNetherlands India Commercial Bank.\n\nNetherlands Trading Society.\n\nissued a notice to the other Banks that they would not accept through the Hong Kong Bank Clearing House any foreign cheques or drafts drawn on them and that they would have to be presented over the counter and if found in order would be paid either by cheque on the Banque de l'Indo Chine Silver Clearing or in a manner best suited to them.\n\nThese Banks also gave as their reason for breaking away from the usual procedure the fact that the Hong Kong Bank refused to allow the free interchange of notes and silver in its Clearing account.\n\nIt might be pointed out that the Hong Kong Bank had previously agreed to accept the Banque de l'Indo Chine cheques through his own clearing in the event of such a necessity arising, due to the fact that some Banks might become \"short\" in his clearing and \"long\" in the Banque de l'Indo Chine.\n\nThe \"pegged\" rates were adhered to until 20th December when, owing to the fact that no interbank business had been transacted and some of the Banks, principally the American and Chinese Banks, still had large overbought positions which they could not liquidate, it was decided to \"unpeg\" the rate from 23rd December.\n\n25\n\nIt was felt by the Banks that in view of the Government Notification of 20th December in the Official Gazette which read:—\n\n\"Provided also that with effect from the 19th December 1929 and pending the further order or regulation of the Governor in Council the duty on Bank Notes of the Hong Kong & Shanghai Banking Corporation shall not exceed one per cent per annum on $45,000,000 of the aggregate bank note of such corporation\".\n\nby which the Hong Kong Bank stood to gain $150,000 per annum in tax, (seeing that his note issue was at the time of the notification in the vicinity of $59,000,000) that he was doing nothing to assist the market by buying exchange, issuing notes against silver dollars, granting loans at reasonable interest or accepting the Banque de l'Indo Chine silver cheques through his own clearing.\n\nIt was pointed out at the time that, contrary to all expectations, a dual currency system still existed to all intent and purposes in the Colony and that Bank notes were still at a premium. It was also threatened that if the Hong Kong Bank still refused to recognise the Banque de l'Indo Chine silver clearing as part of his clearing to those who were actually short of notes, the Banks would withdraw from the clearing house and transact all their business as far as possible through the silver clearing.\n\nThis threat had the effect of getting the Hong Kong Bank to definitely agree to accept the Banque de l'Indo Chine cheques through his own clearing.\n\nThis move on the part of the Hong Kong Bank was a very significant one and considerably eased the tension and bad feeling between that institution and the other Banks in the Colony.\n\nThe silver market continued to weaken and the Hong Kong Bank official rate was lowered by successive stages to 1/6 with actual business being transacted 1d. above this rate.\n\nThe question now arising is one of grave concern in that the market rate is still about 5% over the silver parity point, the constant for minting silver dollars and laying them down in Hong Kong being at present .89155, basing the charges as 5.729% and is as follows:-\n\nBrokerage.125\nInsurance.105\nFreight\nMinting.562\nInterest4. 60/- per 1000 pieces at 1/6 44% for 24 months\n.937\n5.729\n\nThe fact that a profit of almost 5% can still be made on buying sterling exchange and having minted dollars shipped to Hong Kong is a great temptation to speculators and those Banks who are overbought and it would appear to be the only expedient to bring this market down to silver parity. On the other hand, a plethora of silver dollars must arise if unrestricted importation is permitted, which will eventually result in chaos amongst those Banks who have no accommodation for storage of dollars in their vaults, as then dollar payments must of necessity pass from Bank to Bank against payment of Exchange. As mentioned before, the Banque de l'Indo Chine vaults can only accommodate approximately $15,000,000 and, as far as can be ascertained, the other Banks, except perhaps the note-issuing Banks, can probably store another $5,000,000.\n\nFurthermore, unless some definite scheme is evolved whereby British dollars can be circulated between Banks without a count, there is going to be a considerable difficulty in taking up exchange contracts by payment in coin.\n\nIt will reach the point of absurdity when a Bank sends round the coin in payment of T.T. and one can imagine the scene when this is done and the reluctance of the receiving Bank to count more than a given number per day. This must eventually cause serious inconvenience and delay without mentioning the question of storage accommodation in the vaults of the various Banks.\n\n80", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-523-12 Currency situation 17-2-1930 - 9-7-1930.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 533124, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933", "page_number": 98, "title": "CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933", "content_text": "156\n\nG. A. C. HERKLOTS\n\ndistrict).\" In 1928 a census of the herons and heronries in England and Wales was carried out and it was shown that there are about 3,900 pairs of herons occupying 278 sites, an average of about 14 nests per heronry. There has just been completed a census of the great crested grebes, the number of pairs being computed at between 1155-1162 occupying 490 sites. But the bitterns are very much rarer than either of these other two birds and only a few pairs now breed each year in protected localities on some of the Norfolk Broads. A census of the Heronries of the New Territories and the Egrets and Herons that inhabit them would be quite a simple matter but it would be impossible to make any count of the number of Bitterns that frequent these territories because their nests are built close to the ground in reeds and grasses and are extremely difficult to find.\n\nHONG KONG SPECIES :— According to Gee's \"A Tentative List of Chinese Birds\" 1926, five species of Bittern occur in China and all these are resident in, or visit, Kwangtung at some time of the year. These five species are Schrenck's Little Bittern, common in Kwangtung May to October; Chinese Little Bittern, very common in Kwangtung in the summer, breeding May to August, less common in the winter; Chestnut Bittern resident in Kwangtung, common April to October rare in winter; Yellow-necked Bittern, Kwangtung May to October, only a few remaining during the winter; and the Eastern Great Bittern which is common in Kwangtung during the spring and autumn, rare in winter. Although, in all probability, all these species may be seen in our Territories yet our knowledge of the Bitterns is confined to scattered observations on three species only. Descriptions of all five are given below in the hope that observers may add to our knowledge of this interesting group of birds.\n\nThe three species known to occur in the Colony are:-\n\nThe Chinese Little Bittern, Ixobrychus sinensis sinensis, Gmelin. Our records of this species are confined to the months of September, October and March, which is curious as the species is probably very much commoner in the summer. This bird has a wide range being found throughout almost the whole of Asia from India to Manchuria and Japan in the north to the Malay Peninsula and the islands north of Australia in the south.\n\nThe Chestnut Bittern or Cinnamon Heron, Ixobrychus cinnamomeus, Gmelin. Caldwell writes that he finds that this bittern is not as common in south China as the other small bitterns and our single record of this species supports this. Similar in distribution to that of the Chinese Little Bittern.\n\nThe Eastern Great Bittern, Botaurus stellaris orientalis. The largest of the Chinese bitterns, distributed throughout eastern Asia. Our records of this species are confined to the months November, December and January though it is probably much commoner in spring and autumn.\n\nThis species is called the Common Bittern in the Philippines.\n\nThe two other species which probably occur in the Colony are:- Schrenck's Little Bittern, Ixobrychus eurhythmus, Swinhoe. Recorded from eastern Siberia to Japan in the north and Borneo and the Philippines in the South.\n\nThe Yellow-necked Bittern or Black Bittern, Ixobrychus flavicollis flavicollis (Latham). Ranges from India to South China in the north to the Malay Archipelago and the Philippines in the south. From time to time we have received records of bitterns seen in the neighbourhood of the U.S.R.C. grounds in Kowloon. The birds seen may very likely have been this species, as Caldwell writes of it.\" This heron is distributed pretty generally throughout the plains and among the foot hills, but seems to prefer regions about the habitation of man.\"\n\nDESCRIPTION AND FIELD IDENTIFICATION:-The Notes given below are derived from a selection of books of reference on the birds of China, the Philippines, Borneo and Singapore and from a skin of the Chinese Little Bittern. The most striking features are given in italics.\n\nThe Chinese Little Bittern. Length 13-14 inches, wing 234 inches. MALE. Above earthy brown slightly tinged with rufous more especially on the scapulars, wing coverts clay brown, edge of wing white, primary coverts and quills black, inner secondaries brown tinged with rufous, lower back, rump and upper tail coverts ashy gray. Tail black. Crown and nape black. Sides of face, ear-coverts, and sides of neck vinous, becoming chestnut on the long frill-like feathers of the sides of the neck; throat white mesially streaked with yellowish buff. Abdomen yellowish buff, thighs more tawny rufous; Lower abdomen and under tail-coverts white or yellowish white, under wing coverts white, quills slaty below with paler grey at ends. On each side of upper breast a patch of dependent feathers of a blackish ground with yellowish buff margins. Facial skin green, upper mandible dark brown on the culmen and pinkish brown on the margins, lower mandible pinkish brown, greenish towards the tip. Toes pale yellow, tarsus flesh colour. FEMALE. More rufous above, feathers of back being rufous-brown with yellowish buff margins.\n\nThe Chestnut Bittern.\n\nLength 15-16 inches. MALE. Entire upper parts cinnamon-rufous including wings and tail, sides of face and ear coverts. Under surface much lighter, tawny buff, throat ashy white with a median streak of tawny rufous, which extends down throat and fore neck being streaked with blackish longitudinal marks on the outer webs of the feathers. Lower throat, fore neck, breast, sides of body, and thighs tawny rufous; abdomen white, under tail coverts tawny buff. On sides of upper breast a patch of dependent feathers with black centres and axillars and under surface of quills pale chestnut.\n\ntawny-buff, Facial skin reddish purple. Bill yellow except culmen which is dark brown.\n\nLegs and FEMALE. toes greenish yellow.\n\nDiffers considerably from the male. Mantle and back uniform dark brown, wing coverts and scapulars dingy brown with sandy buff margins. Greater coverts, primary coverts and quills principally chestnut. Crown and nape dusky brown, tail feathers dull chestnut. Frilled feathers on sides of neck with brown centres and yellowish margins. Under surface yellowish buff thickly streaked with dark brown. Sides of throat whiter. Mesial streak distinctly rufous. Dependent plumes with black centres and yellowish buff margins. Thighs chestnut, under tawny buff or rufous margins. Under wing coverts\n\nPage 157\n\nThe Hong Kong Naturalist.\n\nThe Birds of Hong Kong-Part XI\n\nDecember 1932.\n\n133", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-538-2 Hong Kong University 23-6-1932 - 15-3-1933.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]