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    {
        "id": 301942,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "page_number": 103,
        "title": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "content_text": "102\n\nFrom an engineering point of view, I had the honour to point out the absolute necessity of addressing ourselves to the serious question of foreshore conservancy, submitting at the same time two measures which have since been adopted.\n\nAccordingly, large and deep masonry catch pits were built in the bottom of the nullahs above the level of sand is carried away in lighters to Belcher's Bay, where it is helping to reclaim from the sea land that will one day become a valuable township and source of revenue to the Government from Crown Rents accruing from leaseholds.\n\nThe second step has been to dredge periodically every November the whole of the foreshores for a distance of 20 chains from the hills and the town to arrest the sand from the task of voiding them during the rainy season, which has devolved upon the Government Sewage Contractor, it being one of his most important duties under the Sanitation Contract. The dredging is generally carried down until the upper edge of the footing of the wall is exposed, or until the hard shingle underlying the sand is found, and in some districts where the sea bed was found to show above water at low water in the extraordinary springs of the S.W. monsoon, the dredging is carried out from the wall along...",
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    {
        "id": 320020,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 575,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "## \nand the Conservancy nightsoil may be disposed of with certainty. Allowing for the night soil to be removed and scavenged under proper management will yield a profitable outcome for both the Contractors and the Government alike. The sweeping and scavenging work will be necessary as pointed out by Mr Chadwick, that the Government should carefully watch the proceedings of the street cleansing and enforcement of the contract, and prevent difficulties between the Contractor and his servants; and by constant supervision and control see that the conditions of the Contract are punctually and scrupulously fulfilled.\n\n6. This control can of course only be exercised by an Officer of the Government supported by adequate staff. I request you...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882.txt",
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    {
        "id": 322493,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7]",
        "page_number": 365,
        "title": "CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7]",
        "content_text": "354\n\nof the Teachers required by Mr Wright in his memorandum.\n\nOne of these offices serves also as the School library and adjoining it is the stationery room.\n\n9. The lavatories, urinals and closets will be detached from the main building and will be accessible from the hall by a covered way from the covered playground as shown in Drawing R.1.\n\nEarth conservancy will be adopted for the closets and the latter as well as the urinals will be portable like those used in Belgian and German Cities and will not be connected with any drain or sewer, but will be emptied and cleansed by hand, by the Government scavenging Contractor once every 24 hours, an hour before day-light.\n\nAll floors and walls of the urinals and closets will be made impervious by being rendered with Portland Cement to a smooth and polished surface. Soap-suds and waste-waters from the Lavatories will escape into the proposed new public",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-210 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [6-7].txt",
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    {
        "id": 328852,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "page_number": 111,
        "title": "CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure \n108 \n15361 \n\nIn the event of an out-break of Cholera in Hongkong of an epidemic form, the Sanitary Board advise that special measures be taken by the Colonial Government for preventing, as far as lies in its power, the spread of the epidemic, and with this object the Board submits the following propositions.\n\n1. In the event of an epidemic the Sanitary Board is empowered to organize a Sanitary Volunteer Corps of thirty additional European Nuisance Inspectors, all of whom shall either be unmarried men or married men without families, to be paid at the rate of $3.00 a day, and quarters, and to be sworn in as special constables.\n\n2. The city of Victoria shall be divided into thirty Sanitary Districts or health areas, each to be placed under the charge and supervision of one of the temporary Volunteer Inspectors, who shall have the same powers as Nuisance Inspectors, and who shall act under the guidance of the permanent Sanitary Staff.\n\n3. Each Volunteer Inspector shall have under him a working gang, consisting of one English-speaking native foreman and twenty coolies, supplied with the requisite tools, water-buckets, implements, lime-baskets, and disinfectants. These coolies shall be continually employed by the Volunteer Inspectors in the surface scavenging, cleansing, and purifying of all tenements, back-yards, alleys, courts, lanes and other places where filth accumulates, and more especially in aiding in the constant cleansing and disinfection of all public latrines, and otherwise in carrying out the general instructions of the permanent Sanitary Staff.\n\n4. Cesspools or other similar old accumulations of filth are not to be disturbed until the circumstances connected with each case have been duly represented to the Sanitary Board, when the Board will give special directions as to the steps which are to be taken with regard to them.\n\n5. Immediately on being called upon to do so by the Inspectors, every Householder shall remove from his house or premises, to the dust-bins, dust-carts, or dust-boats which are provided by the Government for the purpose, any accumulations of filth, garbage, or noxious refuse of any kind whatsoever, which the Inspectors may deem to be dangerous to the Public Health, and, failing such immediate removal on the part of the householder, the Sanitary Staff shall be at liberty to enter the premises forthwith and effect such removal at the public expense.\n\n6. With regard to such general cleansing of tenements and premises as the Sanitary Staff may deem requisite as a matter of necessary precaution, householders shall in every case be given the option of effecting such cleansing themselves within twenty-four hours after the receipt of a notice to that effect from an Inspector, and if, after the expiration of this term, such householders have not effected such cleansing to the satisfaction of the Inspector, the latter shall be at liberty to enter the premises and effect a thorough and proper cleansing and purification at the expense of the Householders.\n\n7. The present method of disposal of the city night-soil shall be temporarily discontinued, and in accordance with the provisions of Clause 15 of the Government Conservancy Contract, the contractor shall tow the night-soil boats, daily, out to sea, and shall throw over-board their contents at such places as the Harbour Master may indicate as being least objectionable in respect of tidal currents. Before returning to port, the night-soil contractor shall carefully wash and disinfect his night-soil boats, buckets, and implements. A steam-tug shall be furnished to the night-soil contractor at Government expense for the purpose of towing the boats out to sea. This temporary disposal of the soil shall be under the supervision of a Volunteer Inspector.\n\n8. All holders of public latrines in the city of Victoria and the villages shall be compelled once every half hour to disinfect every closet in such latrines by adequate quantities of quick-lime thrown over the faces. They shall cleanse and lime-white...\n\n7 SEP 85",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-222 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [7-10].txt",
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    {
        "id": 333896,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 180,
        "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "173A \n\nC.S.C. \n\n50 of 1887. \n\nSteam-launch Stanley,\n\nWith reference to the vote of $3,915 per annum for the up-keep of this launch, the Surveyor General reports that the Conservancy Contractor asks to have the use of the launch for six weeks to enable him to estimate how much he would be able to contribute towards this expenditure.\n\nThe Committee recommend that the Contractor's request be granted. The Committee then adjourn sine die.\n\nChairman.\n\nApril, 1887.\n\nLaid before the Legislative Council on the\n\nRead and confirmed this 15th day of April, 1887.\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nPage 180\n\nPage 181",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334036,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 320,
        "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "DESPATCH.\n\nC.S.C. 400 of 1837, Steam-launch Stanley.\n\nWith reference to the vote of $3,915 per annum for the up-keep of this launch, the Surveyor General reports that the Conservancy Contractor asks to have the use of the launch for six weeks to enable him to estimate how much he would be able to contribute towards this expenditure.\n\nThe Committee recommend that the Contractor's request be granted.\n\nThe Committee then adjourn sine die.\n\nNo. 12762 FREDERICK STEWART, Chairman.\n\nNo. (Subject.) CO. 12762\n\nRECD 29 JUN 87, Laid before the Legislative Council on the 15th April, 1887.\n\nRead and confirmed this 22nd day of April, 1887.\n\nARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.\n\nDate 172 √887. 24 13.\n\nprevious Paper. Requesting information as to the particulars and cost.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nThe necessity for this is described in para. 16 of the despatch sending home the draft At Public Health Ordinance 12981.\n\nI think it would be better to put this in the hands of the Crown Agent rather than the Board of Trade; the Agent can consult the Board of Trade, if it is thought desirable.\n\n[Agents to Main the information and request them to send it.]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 334455,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 277,
        "title": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "Steam-launch Stanley.\n\nNo. 11.\n\nC.O.\n\n15764\n\nREC?\n\nCS.C.\n\n469 of 1887.\n\nWith reference to the vote of $3,915 per annum for the upkeep of this launch, the Surveyor General reports that the Conservancy Contractor asks to have the use of the launch for six weeks to enable him to estimate how much he would be able to contribute towards this expenditure.\n\nThe Committee recommend that the Contractor's request be granted.\n\nThe Committee then adjourn sine die.\n\nREPORT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE\n\nFINANCE COMMITTEE,\n\nAT A MEETING HELD IN THE COUNCIL CHAMBER, HONGKONG,\n\nOn the 22nd April, 1887.\n\nLaid before the Legislative Council on the 15th April, 1887.\n\nRead and confirmed this 22nd day of April, 1887.\n\nARATHOON SETH,\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\n\nChairman.\n\nPRESENT:\n\nThe Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (FREDERICK STEWART), Chairman.\n\nHis Honour the Acting Chief Justice (JAMES RUSSELL), vice His Honour Sir GEORGE PHILLIPPO, Knt., on leave.\n\nThe Honourable the Acting Attorney General, (EDWARD JAMES ACKROYD).\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer, (ALFRED LISTER),\n\nthe Surveyor General, (JOHN MacNEILE PRICE).\n\nHENRY GEORGE THOMSETT, R.N.\n\nPHINEAS RYRIE,\n\nWONG SHING.\n\nJOHN BELL-IRVING, (vice the Honourable WILLIAM KESWICK, on leave).\n\nALEXANDER PALMER MACEWEN, (vice the Honourable THOMAS JACKSON, on leave).\n\nCATCHICK PAUL CHATER, (vice the Honourable FREDERICK DAVID SASSOON, on leave).\n\nThe Committee meet this day at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nThe Report of the proceedings of the Meeting held on the 7th instant, being taken as read, is confirmed.\n\nCattle Depôt.\n\n(1.) Read the following Minute by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government:-\n\nW. H. MARSH.\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to vote the sum of $9,600 for the extension of the Cattle Depôt at Kennedy Town.\n\nThe present Depôt can accommodate 240 head of cattle intended to be slaughtered for the meat supply of the City; but the requirements of the town and of the shipping have grown so largely that the Acting Registrar General now states that the present accommodation is inadequate, and that room should be provided for at least 360 head of cattle.\n\nA copy of a letter on this subject from the Surveyor General is annexed,\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 22nd April, 1887.\n\nNo. 9,\n\nEnclosure.\n\nPUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT,\n\nHONGKONG, 10th January, 1887.\n\nSIR,\n\nSome years ago the Government built a Cattle Depôt at Kennedy Town destined to accommodate the cattle intended to be slaughtered for the meat supply of the City. It was stated at the time that room for 120 head of cattle would suffice, and that the market or depôt could be enlarged subsequently as the demands of the Colony increased.\n\n2. Two years ago the question was again considered, and it was stated that accommodation should be provided for at least 240 head of cattle. Accordingly in 1885, the Government placed on the Colonial Estimates for 1886, a sum of $10,000 for this extension of the Depôt.\n\n3. But the fact is the wants of the town and of the shipping are growing enormously from day to day, and the Registrar General now states that the recent extension is inadequate, and that room should be provided in the Depôt for at least 360 head of cattle.\n\n4. Of the necessity for this further extension I myself can entertain no doubt, for, on a recent examination of the place, I saw many bullocks picketed outside, exposed to all weathers, for want of room in the sheds.",
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    {
        "id": 357894,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "page_number": 59,
        "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "content_text": "## MORTALITY STATISTICS\n\nThe attached tabular statements (B) show:-\n\n(a) The death-rate in 1894 for\n1. The British and Foreign community.\n2. The Chinese community on land in each registration district.\n3. The Chinese community afloat in each registration district.\n4. The Chinese community on land in the Colony.\n5. The Chinese community afloat in the Colony.\n6. The total Chinese community in the Colony.\n7. The British, Foreign, and Chinese community combined - army and navy excluded.\n\n(b) The number of deaths occurring under each of the seven groups into which it has been deemed expedient (in view of the system of death registration in vogue) to classify in the summary the causes of death.\n\n(c) The total number of deaths occurring among the British and Foreign community in each month of each year, 1889 to 1894, both inclusive, under six disease groups. These groups are the same as in (b) only 6 and 7 groups are amalgamated.\n\n(d) The same as (c) but for the Chinese community.\n\n(e) The total number of deaths occurring in the Colony - those in the army and navy excluded - in each month for the past six years, together with the death-rate for the estimated population.\n\nThe attached diagrams show---\n(a) The number of deaths which occurred each month under each of the groups referred to above.\n(b) The mean temperature for each month.\n(c) The rainfall for each month.\n(d) The number of deaths registered during each month of the years 1889 to 1894, as also the mean temperature and rainfall.\n\nThe death-rates recorded are, I feel sure, less reliable than usual, simply on account of the large number of people who left the Colony temporarily during the prevalence of the disease designated Bubonic Plague. However, the figures given are the only ones available for statistical work of this kind, and I am of the opinion that the population of the Colony on the 31st December was pretty much the same as if we had never been afflicted with Bubonic Plague.\n\nIt is worth noting that in 1886 the total number of deaths recorded in the Colony was 5,100 amongst an estimated population of 181,700 or, in round figures, the death-rate for that year was 28 per 1,000, while in the exceptional year under review the total number of deaths recorded amount to 7,362 amongst an estimated population of 242,400, or a death-rate of 30.3 per 1,000.\n\nWith regard to death registration the remarks I made in my report for the year 1890 are applicable to the present time, for nothing has been done - I refer to appointment of native medical practitioners trained to some extent in Western medicine - beyond a medical inspection of the patients in the Tung Wa Hospital to ensure that the recorded cause of death is the real cause from which death occurred.\n\nThe feature of paramount interest in these statistics is the large number of deaths recorded as caused by Bubonic Plague. As I was absent from the Colony during the prevalence of this disease it is not, in my opinion, expedient that I should do more than briefly refer to one or two points that seem to me will be of some value to Members of the Board. The disease appears, in at least one respect, to resemble typhus fever in so much as the great majority of its victims were observed to be amongst a poverty-stricken people who were poorly fed, badly housed, and who lived in overcrowded houses and overcrowded areas. The localities in Victoria where the disease was most prevalent were mainly occupied by people to which the foregoing description is fairly applicable.\n\nIn 1887 when the Public Health Bill was under the consideration of the Legislature it was my duty to represent the conditions under which the mass of the people in the Colony lived. These representations were sharply called in question, and the Officer Administering the Government - Sir WILLIAM GORDON CAMERON - thought it desirable to personally investigate the matter. This he did in a very thorough manner by a careful inspection of the worst dwellings in the Chung Wan, Tai-ping-shan and Sai-ying-poon districts of the city, and his subsequent speeches in Council show very clearly what his opinions were. Had the Public Health Bill of 1887 been passed in the form in which it was transmitted to the Colonial Secretary by the Sanitary Board, and had the sanitary staff received reasonable support in enforcing its provisions, I am satisfied that the heavy mortality from Bubonic Plague in 1894 would not have occurred. The most powerful opponents of the Bill belonged to those classes who have suffered most, financially, from the serious outbreak of Bubonic Plague, and I must confess I consider their action in 1887 has met in 1894 with the result it deserved.\n\nI again consider it desirable to repeat the remark that in considering these statistics it is necessary to keep in view the circumstance that our population is not a normal one, but a population in which the male sex in the prime of life largely predominates.\n\n## HEALTH DISTRICTS\n\nCemeteries.-The bye-laws which came into force on the 1st January, 1892, have been enforced without any hitch of importance, but inconvenience has been experienced owing to the circumstance that the cemeteries have not yet been properly laid out. If this work can only be undertaken by the Assistant Surveyor as soon as he has completed the work he is now engaged on, it will help to put matters on a thoroughly satisfactory footing.\n\nThe following are the number of interments which have been made in each of the Public Cemeteries for Chinese, viz. :-\n| Cemetery | Number of Interments |\n| --- | --- |\n| Mount Davis | 586 |\n| Mount Caroline | 318 |\n| Kaulung | 331 |\n| Shau-ki-wan | 202 |\n| Aberdeen | 120 |\n| Stanley | 28 |\n| Shek-O | 8 |\n| Total | 1,593 |\n\nThe fees collected during the year amounted to $1,753.90 and the cost of the staff, laying out roads, &c. to $1,775.03.\n\nLaundries.-Only three of the ten public laundries have been let during the year although the rental is as low as $10 a month. That there is a strong artificial opposition to the using of these buildings by the public washermen is to me clear enough, but beyond the natural obstinacy of Chinese workmen I know of no reason for the opposition. It is quite true that these public washermen receive the tacit support of many of their employers in their obstinate opposition. It is difficult to understand why the vast majority of our leading residents of all nationalities should prefer to have their linen washed in an evil-smelling puddle on the hill-side and dressed in the living room of their washermen's servants, who live amongst and sleep upon their clients' linen, rather than in the public laundries. However, so long as such a very peculiar preference exists it is very doubtful if much can be done to improve this branch of the sanitation of the Colony.\n\nBakeries.--The bye-laws regulating bake-houses are being steadily and persistently enforced.\n\nCommon Lodging-houses.-The bye-laws for regulating these houses did not come into force during 1894.\n\nInfectious Diseases.-2,552 deaths were recorded from bubonic plague and 25 from small-pox and choleraic complaints.\n\nContracts.-The work of the conservancy contract continues to be carried out in a satisfactory manner. It must be remembered that the conservancy contractor has nothing whatever to do with the private night-soil carriers who are the employees of the various householders.\n\nThe work of the scavenging contract, as far as street cleansing, the dust-cart service, and the removal of the refuse from Victoria are concerned, has been carried out in a fairly satisfactory manner, but regret to say that the work of final disposal has been giving a good deal of trouble. The main difficulty is that the place of disposal is outside the boundaries of the Colony and, of course, no action would lie in our courts for creating a nuisance there. It is true the condition of the contract gives the power to hire men to do such work as the contractor fails to perform satisfactorily under his contract, and it is this clause of the contract which has enabled me to keep things in some kind of order at the place at which the city refuse is finally disposed of. The work of conservancy and scavenging in the various villages continues to be carried out in a satisfactory manner.\n\nThe estimated quantity of night-soil removed by the conservancy contractors from Victoria, Hill and Kaulung districts during 1894 amounted to 14,000 tons, and the whole of this was removed from the Colony.\n\nOwing to various causes the approximate quantity of house refuse, trade refuse, street sweepings, &c. removed by the scavenging contractors from Victoria, Hill and Kaulung districts cannot be given for 1894.\n\nThe annexed table (C) gives the names of the various contractors who are working under the Board together with the number of men each employs to carry on the work of his contract.\n\n## STAFF\n\nOwing to prolonged ill-health the Superintendent was absent on leave from 1st January to 31st October during which period the duties of the office were efficiently performed by Mr. E. A. Ram. None of the Sanitary Inspectors had any leave of absence during the year, but two of them were ill and in Hospital for several weeks.\n\nA large increase to the staff of Inspectors was sanctioned towards the close of the year, and the new men were appointed but they did not take up their appointments in 1894. The staff of Inspectors is now, so far as the number to the total population is concerned, equal to that employed in those large towns in England where municipal sanitary administration is viewed as being most advanced. In England, it is now almost the invariable rule that before a man receives an appointment as Sanitary Inspector he must have passed the examinations of the Sanitary Institute. In Hongkong men with such a training are not to be had, and I have very grave doubts if it would be a wise proceeding to get such trained men from home as vacancies occur, inasmuch as their utter want of knowledge of the Chinese people and their habits and customs would, to my mind, more than counterbalance their superior training in sanitary matters.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "content_text": "## Table showing the Total Deaths for each Month in the Years 1889 to 1894 inclusive and the Death-rate for estimated Population, (Army and Navy excluded)\n\n| Year | Estimated Population | DEATH-RATE PER 1,000 PER ANNUM |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1889 | 192,000 | 23.7 |\n| 1890 | 197,000 | 23.0 |\n| 1891 | 218,800 | 24.1 |\n| 1892 | 225,500 | 21.3 |\n| 1893 | 230,000 | 22.3 |\n| 1894 | 242,400 | 30.3 |\n\n| Month | 1889 | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| January | 309 | 320 | 487 | 384 | 418 | 317 |\n| February | 284 | 269 | 500 | 453 | 383 | 302 |\n| March | 304 | 332 | 396 | 388 | 414 | 368 |\n| April | 328 | 344 | 332 | 384 | 397 | 425 |\n| May | 421 | 355 | 382 | 430 | 443 | 1,214 |\n| June | 453 | 452 | 427 | 417 | 619 | 2,221 |\n| July | 473 | 417 | 587 | 375 | 537 | 492 |\n| August | 418 | 406 | 563 | 396 | 502 | 382 |\n| September | 379 | 411 | 457 | 445 | 408 | 349 |\n| October | 427 | 466 | 438 | 390 | 465 | 352 |\n| November | 441 | 359 | 417 | 346 | 411 | 381 |\n| December | 327 | 367 | 461 | 400 | 579 | 461 |\n| **Total** | **4,559** | **4,536** | **5,347** | **4,869** | **5,390** | **7,862** |\n\n| Year | DEATH-RATE PER 1,000 PER ANNUM |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1889 | 23.7 |\n| 1890 | 23.0 |\n| 1891 | 24.1 |\n| 1892 | 21.3 |\n| 1893 | 22.3 |\n| 1894 | 30.3 |\n\nDeaths from causes other than Small-pox, Cholera, and Bubonic Plague:\n\n| Month | 1889 | 1890 | 1891 | 1892 | 1893 | 1894 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| January | 309 | 320 | 487 | 384 | 418 | 317 |\n| February | 284 | 269 | 500 | 453 | 383 | 302 |\n| March | 304 | 332 | 396 | 388 | 414 | 368 |\n| April | 328 | 344 | 332 | 384 | 397 | 425 |\n| May | 421 | 355 | 382 | 430 | 443 | 314 |\n| June | 453 | 452 | 427 | 417 | 619 | 221 |\n| July | 473 | 417 | 587 | 375 | 537 | 492 |\n| August | 418 | 406 | 563 | 396 | 502 | 382 |\n| September | 379 | 411 | 457 | 445 | 408 | 349 |\n| October | 427 | 466 | 438 | 390 | 465 | 352 |\n| November | 441 | 359 | 417 | 346 | 411 | 381 |\n| December | 327 | 367 | 461 | 400 | 579 | 461 |\n\n| Month | Deaths from Small-pox and Cholera | Deaths from Bubonic Plague |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ... | ... | ... |\n| June | ... | 2,000 |\n\nHugh McCALLUM,  \nSecretary.\n\nSanitary Board Room, Hongkong, 1st February, 1895.\n\n## Table C\n\n| Name of Contractor | Confmet | Butchers | Foremen and Watchmen | Boatmen | Cartmen | Basketmen | Sweepers | Men for washing Side Channels & Cleansing Sewer Traps | Other Workmen | Nightmen | Attendants at Latrines and Urinals | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Victoria, Scavenging... Kwong-Kam-tong | 15 | 85 | 155 | 146 | 15 | ... | 86 | 24 | 57 | 45 | 11 | 782 |\n| Victoria, Conservancy, Kanjung | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n| Shaukiwan, Scavenging and Conservancy, Chen Pak | 16 | ... | 16 | ... | 18 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... |\n| Tung Kat | ... | ... | 44 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 44 |\n| Aberdeen, Scavenging and Conservancy, Chan King and Chan Pak | ... | 141 | ... | ... | ... | 1 | 163 | 153 | 117 | 18 | ... | ... |\n| Stanley, Scavenging and Conservancy, Tang Kat | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 | ... | ... | ... | ... | 48 |\n| Slaughter-house, Chan Pui | ... | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 1 |\n| Cattle Dpôt, Tsang Keng | ... | ... | 1 | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | ... | 1 |\n| **Total** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **...** | **548** |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 61 |\n\nHUGH MCCALLUM,  \nSanitary Superintendent",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 372458,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-292 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 453,
        "title": "CO129-292 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "4.1\n\nuntil the wants of the city in this respect are fully met.\n\nAt the meeting on 22nd September 1898 a further recommendation was made that if the Government cannot see its way to erect more than 2 latrines next year, two latrines should be erected at Leighton's Hill Road and Sokoipo.\n\nThis matter was again referred to in section 22 of the Report of the Board, on the Insanitary Properties Commission's report.\n\nThe Medical Officer of Health in his annual reports has repeatedly urged the necessity of additional public latrines and urinals. In his report for 1897 he states:-\n\n\"There is an urgent need throughout the Colony, and especially in the City of Victoria, for additional free public latrines and urinals. No provision is made in the great majority of Chinese dwellings for a closet or privy, and it is the custom for all men of the working class to use public latrines, many of which are owned by private individuals who charge a small fee for admission, and in addition derive revenue from the sale of the excreta to the conservancy contractor, who exports it to Canton for manurial purposes. Many of these privately owned latrines are placed in most unsuitable positions, such",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-292 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [6-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 376627,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 305,
        "title": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# CCPX \n## Enclosure 2.\n\n301 \n\n**Hon. Colonial Secretary,**\n\n\"Report on the latrine and urinal accommodation of the City. Section E\".\n\nThe data given under the heading \"Dry manure\" include a population of 25,000 belonging to the 8 principal villages, but it must be borne in mind that the present contracts for these villages combine the scavenging work with the conservancy work, so that the revenue derivable by the Contractor from this latter serves to very materially reduce the expenditure by the Government upon the former, the result being that the present contracts are let at purely nominal sums. If the revenue from the excreta is to be collected separately, there will be a large increase in the expenditure upon scavenging work.\n\nThis however is but a detail when compared with the fact that the estimate of revenue is based on the assumption \"of the Government closing all private latrines\" (appendix 9). In appendix 7 it will be seen that out of 689 latrine seats in the City of Victoria, no less than 513 are privately owned, and in appendix 9 paragraph 7 it is stated that the owners of private latrines receive from the Conservancy Contractor 25 cents a picul for the night-soil collected from these latrines. So that the proposal is to deprive these latrine owners of a considerable amount of revenue which they at present derive from the sale of night soil. It is true that in section C. paragraph II it is suggested that the Government should resume this property, but there is no mention of the cost of this resumption in the financial estimates, and seeing that the privately owned latrines comprise some of the most valuable property.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 376628,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 306,
        "title": "CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "302\n\nproperty in the Colony, resumption would be a costly procedure. I may add that the Government has no legal power to close any of these latrines, but they must of course be maintained in a sanitary condition, in default of which they can be dealt with as nuisances.\n\nThe present Conservancy Contract brings in a revenue to the Government of $30,384 per annum (in 1898 it was $28,476) and out of this the Contractor has to provide a fleet of boats to carry the night-soil to Canton where it is used for the manuring of the mulberry trees used in the silk-worm industry, a staff of men to collect the stuff from the public latrines and Government buildings, and a caretaker in charge of each latrine. No mention of this present revenue is made in the Report, but it is estimated that if all the latrines were Government property a revenue of $73,340 would be obtained. This is extremely probable, but how is it proposed to obtain possession of this private property? If by resumption, then the interest on cost of resumption should be shown.\n\nNo doubt the large increase in the number of Government latrines, which is so urgently needed, will, when effected, facilitate the collection of night-soil by the Contractor, and materially reduce the amounts payable by him to private latrine owners, and will thus tend to increase the revenue derivable by the Government from this Contract; but any such increase can hardly be estimated in the manner suggested in the report, and must, I think, be left to the competition of rival Contractors.\n\n**(Sd.) Francis W. Clark,  \nMedical Officer of Health.**  \n21/5/1900",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-299 - Administrator Major Gen Gascoigne - 1900 [5-6].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 381505,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 217,
        "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "215\n\nKamalment of\n\ncuntu\n\nOuden ama 24 of $87 faction 13.\n\nORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health,\n\n41. The rain-water from roofs, which slope towards enclosed court-yards, or back-yards, may, if diversion to the surface channel is impracticable, be received into the house-drain. But no ventilating pipe shall be used for the conveyance of rain-water from the roof.\n\n42. No person shall, where it can possibly be avoided, lay any pipe for conveying sub-soil drainage in such manner or in such position as to communicate direct with any sewer, cess-pool or drain used for the conveyance or reception of sewage.\n\nNor-It is important to exclude sewage-tainted air from the sub-soil. The connection of sub-soil drains to sewers, even if a trap is used, is objectionable, because in dry weather the flow of the drain may cease and the water in the trap may dry up and leave a free communication between the sewer and the sub-soil drain. The object of sub-soil drainage is not only the removal of water, but the aeration of the sub-soil. The mouths of such drains, therefore, should be so placed that pure air can enter freely—a condition incompatible with direct connection with sewers or house drains.\n\n43. In every case where the course of a drain shall be diverted, any cesspool previously existing and into which such drain may have previously emptied, shall be cleansed, deodorized and filled with clean earth.\n\n44. All drains, or drainage works, shall be built and carried out in all respects in accordance with the provisions of the Public Health Ordinance, 1901, and of these bye-laws and of any that may be made hereafter, and if no written notice as provided by No. 1 of these bye-laws shall have been given to the Board by any person about to construct, reconstruct, alter or amend any drain on his premises, and if by such default the Board shall have had no opportunity of inspecting and approving or disapproving of any such drain actually built and already covered in, it shall be lawful for the Board on discovering the existence of such drain or drainage works to call upon the owner to open and uncover the same for the purpose of inspection, and should such drain or works prove upon inspection to be defective either in respect of design, workmanship or materials they shall be deemed a nuisance and dealt with as such.\n\n45. All works connected with the construction of drains and drain-connections shall be carried out in strict accordance with the plans and sections previously submitted to and approved by the Sanitary Surveyor, or with such amendments to such plans and sections as may have been required by him, and such works shall be carried out in a proper and workmanlike manner with the best materials of their respective kinds and shall be subject during their progress to the continuous control and supervision of the Officers of the Board appointed in that behalf and shall be completed to the entire satisfaction of the Board.\n\n46. Whenever any private house drain is about to be constructed or re-constructed in the City of Victoria, the Board shall have power to require the provision of a surface channel of approved materials and design, in lieu of a covered drain, in any position in which a covered drain may appear to be undesirable.\n\nWaste pipes from buildings and surface channels from cook-houses, stables, cow-sheds, and the like shall discharge into such surface channel without the intervention of a trap; but any communication between such surface channel and a covered drain shall be by means of a trap.\n\nLATRINES.\n\nEvery public latrine together with its fittings shall be kept at all times in a thorough state of repair.\n\n3. Every public latrine shall be kept, at all times, in a cleanly condition.\n\nORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\n3. While open to the public, every latrine shall have at least one able-bodied adult attendant constantly on duty therein.\n\n4. All the partitions, seats, floors and channels of every public latrine, as well as all utensils therein, shall be thoroughly scrubbed at least once every day with such detergent and deodorant of such a strength as the Board may from time to time approve.\n\n5. The whole of the interior walls of every public latrine shall be lime-washed and any fittings made of wood shall be tarred at least once every lunar month.\n\n6. Fumigants of such description as may be approved of by the Board shall be kept burning in every latrine while it is open to the public.\n\n7. The contents of soil pans in public latrines shall be kept covered with either earth, saw-dust, opium-packing or such other suitable material as the Board may approve of.\n\n8. The soil and urine collected in public latrines shall be removed therefrom daily by the public conservancy contractor as provided for by the terms and conditions of his contract.\n\n9. Every latrine open to the public before sunrise or after sunset shall be at such times adequately lighted.\n\n10. Any building used as a public latrine shall not be used as a dwelling.\n\nLAUNDRIES.\n\n1. Every public laundry shall be registered at the Office of the Board, and every application for registration shall be made in the form attached to these bye-laws.\n\n2. Every public laundry shall be situated in a building which is lighted, ventilated, drained and paved in accordance with the requirements of the Public Health Ordinance, 1901, and the bye-laws made thereunder.\n\n3. Every public laundry shall be at all times kept in a cleanly condition and the inside surfaces of the walls thereof shall be lime-washed at least once every year.\n\n4. No persons, other than two caretakers, may occupy any building or part of a building which is registered as a public laundry, between the hours of 11 p.m. and 5 a.m., unless such persons are actively engaged in carrying on the work of the laundry.\n\n5. Every public laundry shall be at all times open to inspection by the Members of the Board or any of its Officers, who may be directed to make such inspections.\n\nNo.\n\nForm of application.\n\nI, the undersigned, hereby notify the Sanitary Board that I propose to carry on the business of a public laundry on the premises known as floor, and request that the said premises be duly registered as a public laundry.\n\nHongkong,\n\nstreet,\n\nSignature of Applicant,\n\n19\n\nRenalment of\n\ncode\n\nOrdin anu\n\n24 of 1887, Fretion\n\n13.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 406203,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 178,
        "title": "CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "173\n\nTONG BEI\n\n520 Muz Btw #\n\n7.31/07\n\nna krog tela parte sån de\n\nREN 14% baltay I\n\n我\n\nJnow I do wok of\n\n* LIG? IN 1983 LO wib merd in A\n\n$\n\nI\n\n„babi att ki mi tam I\n\nDOKON if antvani AT&W MON CA\n\n28\n\nA.\n\nSat down.\n\nYOB ?\n\nA\n\nA.\n\nHe called his boy to bring some whiskey out. There was another man there, who had come to look for him.\n\nChinese ?\n\n..\n\nA.\n\nYes, he was a Chinese.\n\nMr Ward said \"I won't see you today\" to this man.\n\nQ.\n\nA.\n\n.00 al tage\n\n**\n\n← read bowed deh buk\n\n\"I er tise a bih ture\" atau I\n\n* er bad roy set as bad e\n\nen for R\n\n* ';\n\nJuul On Balabed econ\n\nA v dnes dag Jus\n\n,bib X\n\n? Daboly Laroqqur' FaNY\n\n9. II. MOT PIE *** Dine I\n\n* tantot vavara end cow dek*\n\nqa Chop' bima\n\n? SON ** Modu\n\n* taotle and at pealy Sout\n\nAPIE SÅ pint fate ZA BILA\n\n.HLY\n\nEdidi\n\n1006 air\n\nJAW BY\n\nA\n\n.97\n\n4\n\n.\n\nA.\n\n* 4 *\n\nQ.\n\nA.\n\nQ.\n\nA.\n\nQ.\n\nA.\n\n>>>\n\nO\n\nQ.\n\nA.\n\nWhat did he speak English or Chinese?\n\nHe told me to tell him, and the man said \"if you don't see me, I have got to go home to the country tonight\", and he (Ward) said \"How long are you going for\". \"Probably about two weeks\" he said. \"Going so long\" Ward said. \"When you come back, come and see me\".\n\nYes?\n\nThe man left.\n\nYes?\n\nHe asked him if he would have a drink or not, and he then drank a little. After he had a little drink he went away. Then it came to our turn to have a drink.\n\nYou and Mr Ward?\n\nYes, and we drank, and he asked me about the boats. You are a Conservancy contractor, aren't you?\n\nYes.\n\nwell, he asked you about the boats, you say?\n\nHe said I must use fewer men; that I must certainly give him some money; \"How can I give you money\" I said. He said \"There are several people on your boats. Employ one or two less\". I said \"If we do employ one or two less, it is only a few dollars\". He said at first he wanted $40 a month. I said \"I cannot give it to you\". I said \"I have lost on my business, in fact, there has been a flood above Canton\". I said \"I can't do it\". I said \"I have not the authority to give money to people. I am not the only master\".",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 422621,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 24,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## M. Müller, who proposed an amendment, copy of which is to be found in the minutes of the 30th April, enclosed in this despatch.\n\nAt a general meeting of the whole consular body held on the 11th May, the German acting consul-general's minority report was adopted, instead of the majority report of the committee, by eight votes to three, four members being neutral. M. Ratard, the French consul-general, was unable to be present; otherwise, he would have voted for the committee's resolution.\n\nAt the time, I strongly opposed the adoption of M. Müller's amendment and pointed out that I considered that the consular body were over-stepping their authority by trying to dictate to the engineer in the way proposed by the amendment. Article 11 of the Whangpoo Conservancy Convention of the 27th September, 1905, only gives the consular body a right to protest to the Conservancy Board if the works are not executed with diligence, care, and economy. It certainly could not be interpreted as allowing the consular body to bring in a scheme totally opposed to the engineer's report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**PELHAM L. WARREN**\n\n## WHANGPOO CONSERVANCY SCHEME AND ESTIMATES\n\n### Minutes of Meeting held April 30, 1909, at 15 o'clock at the Senior Consulate, by the Committee instituted under Item 6 at the Sixth Consular Meeting.\n\nAll members of the committee are present:\n\n| Member | Title |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sir Pelham Warren | Consul-general for Great Britain |\n| M. Ratard | Consul for France |\n| M. de Zeppelin-Obermüller | Consul-general for the Netherlands |\n| M. M. Müller | Acting consul-general for Germany |\n| M. D. Siffert | Consul-general for Belgium and senior consul |\n\nM. J. de Rijke, engineer-in-chief to the Wangpoo Conservancy Board, is also present.\n\nIn answer to a question put to him, M. de Rijke states:\n- That the contractors will have finished the present contract of dredging in the junk channel at about the end of July or middle of August of this year.\n- That the amount of supplementary dredging in the junk channel will be of 1,200,000 cubic yards, so as to get a channel 18 feet deep, 600 feet wide on the whole length, for final opening.\n- That the approximate time required for this supplementary dredging will be about one month.\n- That if taken into account, the 500,000 or 250,000 cubic yards to be eventually dredged gratis by the East Asiatic Dredging Company might be deducted from the above 1,200,000 cubic yards, but that it will do no harm to have a reserve of dredging.\n- That he considers necessary and advantageous for the Whangpoo Conservancy, and in consequence for the public benefit, to have this dredging done with the least possible delay.\n- That he thinks that a reduction of 10 per cent on the present contract cost of dredging will be obtained from the East Asiatic Dredging Company for the supplementary dredging in question.\n- That for this supplementary dredging, he could:\n  (a) Ask for tenders in eight days,\n  (b) Get tenders by the end of June from contractors having a plant in the East.\n  (c) That he does not consider either possible or probable that tenders would be received from contractors further away, from Europe, for instance.\n  (d) That a new contractor could only commence work in the middle of September and finish it by the middle of October.\n- That harm would result to the river improvement from any delay in this supplementary dredging, as he wants dredging matter for dumping on his mattresses for solidification in the ship channel.\n\nM. de Rijke then receives the thanks of the committee and withdraws.\n\nThe committee therefore considers the motion submitted to the last consular meeting by MM. de Zeppelin and Siffert, which, after some discussion, is adopted by 4 votes against 1 (M. M. Müller), in the following modified form:\n\n\"To write to the Conservancy Board that, in the consular body's opinion, the dredging of the 1,200,000 cubic yards should be done without interruption between the present dredging work and this proposed extra dredging by the present contractors at a cheaper cost per unit to be agreed upon by said contractors, and the Whangpoo Conservancy Board to write to the diplomatic body in Peking, suggesting that the other works proposed by M. de Rijke in his last report of scheme and estimates should be proceeded with, and that the Chinese Government be approached to devise means and ways to raise the necessary funds for said works.\"\n\nIt is understood that this resolution shall be presented to the consular body, M. Müller being at liberty to present the following motion (see No. `285 VI`), which the committee did not see its way to adopt.\n\nThe committee then takes cognizance of the letter (No. `277`) from the Whangpoo Conservancy Board in reply to their inquiry as to the publication of No. `251`, and decides to conform to its contents in sending the report of M. de Rijke to the Chamber of Commerce, under the express understanding that it will not be published, in order to abide by the wish expressed to them in writing by the Whangpoo Conservancy Board.\n\nThe meeting adjourns at 17 o'clock.\n\n**D. SIFFERT**\nSenior Consul and Chairman of the Committee\n\n## (285 VI.) Motion presented by M. Müller\n\nTHAT it be decided:\n- (a) To write to the diplomatic body in Peking suggesting that the Chinese Government be approached to devise means and ways to raise the funds necessary for the completion of the Whangoo Conservancy.\n- (b) To write to the Conservancy Board that, in our opinion, in accordance with article 3 of the Peking Agreement of 1905, public tenders would have to be invited for the undertaking of any dredging work which will still be left to be done after the expiration of the dredging contract with the East Asiatic Dredging Company, the present contractors, or, if account is taken of the 200,000 cubic yards to be dredged free by the East Asiatic Dredging Company, as proposed by the consular body, after the expiration of the said contract and free extra dredging of these 250,000 cubic yards.\n- (c) To write to the Conservancy Board that, in our opinion, in the case of tenders being invited for the dredging of 1,200,000 cubic yards, which, according to M. de Rijke's report, would have still to be dredged to make the junk channel fit for a final opening, all dumping of dredging matter into the shipping channel should be abstained from as long as the means and ways to raising the necessary funds for the further Whangpoo Conservancy works will not have been secured, in order to avoid all risk of interfering with the present fairway without having at the same time the means at hand for a permanent opening of the junk channel.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 431,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# 429\n## 10\nWorks under own Administration.\n\nGabbioni Dumping.-This quarter:—\n\n* Lower Gough, in crib I e\n* Salicut, in crib D\n* Dyke end, in crib C\n* Kajow, in triple cribwork, crib C\n* Pheasant Point parallel work\n\n| Location | Pieces | Together | Previously | Total, 1st April |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lower Gough, in crib I e | 227 |  |  |  |\n| Salicut, in crib D | 111 | 460 | 3,742 | 80,211 |\n| Dyke end, in crib C | 252 |  |  |  |\n| Kajow, in triple cribwork, crib C | 339 | 1,954 | 390 | 42,953 |\n| Pheasant Point parallel work |  |  |  |  |\n\nAgain, as during the last quarter the gabbioni work has been much interrupted by want of the stone required to fill them, the Chinese contract again and again failing in the delivery.\n\nSinkwork.--Zinkstuks sunk and placed this quarter:\n| Location | Sq. yds. |\n| --- | --- |\n| Salient, parallel work | 5,488 |\n| Dyke end, crib C | 2,650 |\n| Upper Gough, parallel dam | 18,826 |\n| Kajow, parallel work | 16,319 |\n| Upper Gough, dams across ship-channel | 18,780 |\n| Pleasant Point, parallel work | 280 |\n| Upper Gough shore protection, junk-channel side | 4,293 |\n| Total, 1st April | 66,631 | Together | 338,019 | 404,650 |\n\nLaagwork.This quarter.\n| Location | Sq. yds. |\n| --- | --- |\n| Dyke end, crib C | 899 |\n| Kajow, in crib C | 182 |\n| Upper Gough shore protection | 814 |\n|  | 2,195 |\n|  | 42,680 |\n| Together | 44,875 |\n\nBallast stone used in the works this quarter (besides the stone used as ballast for sinking and for filling gabbioni). For raising higher different cribs and dam works in the Gough Island reach- together, 8,218 tons; of this quantity 3,343 tons were taken from the conservancy's own stock, thus far used as platforms on which to store brushwood in places on shore overflow at high tide, and 4,905 tons supplied by the contractor. In the interest of the works, more especially in that of the new fairway through the junk-channel, the latter quantity should have been more than ten times as much. The reason why no more stone arrived is that nearly all the stone junks available delivered in the Woosung fort jetty, sometimes 3,000 tons per day.\n\nCargo Materials---\n|  | (1) In stock the 1st January | (2) Arrived and accepted this quarter | (3) Used in this quarter | (4) In stock the 1st April, 1909 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Brush wood bundles | 813,395 | 1,300,363 | 792,000 | 678,000 |\n| Stakes | 879,958 | 12,049 |  | 169,500 |\n| Reeds | 5,424 | 392,790 |  | 15,200 |\n| Bamboo baskets | 25,972 | 19,347 | 14,800 | 1,800 |\n| Ballast stone | 1,884 | 1,116 |  |  |\n| Poles of different length | 9,782 | 21,958 |  |  |\n|  |  | 24,296 |  | 247 |\n| Native rope, 2-thread, 1-in. | 27 | 41 |  |  |\n| Galvanized iron wire | 2,271 | 2,230 | 10,382 | 28,750 |\n|  | 55,500 | 29,142 | 4,990 |  |\n| Seizing wire | 1,400 |  | 43,075 | 30,240 |\n|  |  | 12,991 | 60,324 |  |\n\n## 11\nPlant in use.-As before. Workmen employed (Chinese).-Boatmen, fascine works, carpenters, watchmen, foremen and coolies:---- \nIn January, average 325 men, or 9,761 day wages. \nIn February, average 348 men, or 9,750 day wages. \nIn March, average 361 men, or 10,529 day wages.\n\nWorkable days this quarter, together sixty-two days.\n\nProgress in the works of the Gough Island reach cribwork at Kajow. This triple crib, with a depth of water in front of over 30 feet at low water, is one of the most exposed to strong currents, especially the north side, crib C, nearest to the Kajow Creek. This C crib is now raised to above low tide over its whole length to the normal line (557 feet), and its head, made entirely of strong zinkstuks, has been completed. The top of the head is 160 feet long. The other two cribs, A and B, built out with gabbioni, are also raised to about low water. The head of A raised with layers of zinkstucks to about 15 feet low water. The parallel work in the normal line between A and B raised to 15 feet low water, and between B and C to above 10 feet; all with gabbioni on a flooring of zinkstuks. Sufficiently for the present to ward off the main stream from this shore, this important work had to be left for a while incomplete because of more urgency with the dam works in the upper end of ship-channel.\n\nDamworks at Upper Gough cross the stream of the ship-channel.\n\nDam I-The two feet of zinkstuks on either side of this dam have been raised all over to an average height of 23 feet below low water.\n\nDam II-A double layer of zinkstuks has been sunk in the lower foot of this dam about 120 feet in the deepest part on the Pootung side.\n\nDam III-A single layer of zinkstuks has been sunk in either foot of this dam over about 250 feet on the Pootung side.\n\nParallel dam along the normal line.-Bottom layer of zinkstuks, 120 feet wide, extended to 2,405 feet stream upward from mark-pile No. 2, that is, from the end of the high dyke enclosing the mud deposit. Second layer, 84 feet wide, extended to 1,720 feet from mark-pile 2. The dam of zinkstuks previously raised to above low water has now been further raised with stone to 6 feet above low water to 875 feet from mark-pile 2.\n\nShore protection at Upper Gough, junk-channel side.-Both high and low water protection against the stream along this concave has been extended to 620 feet below the Upper Gough station.\n\nParallel dam, Lower Gough.-The lower end of this dam near the passage over the inner bar was being raised to above the low water level, but by want of stone little could be done, so that still too much of the stream during flood-tide flows over it into ship-channel.\n\nCribwork, left side of junk-channel.--Raising higher and levelling up the works bere and there was continued this quarter.\n\nProgress in the fairway through junk-channel.-Lower part, in cross-sections VIII to XIV, where the new channel or fairway runs along the left shore, which is slightly concave. The following is from a survey made in the beginning of this month of April-\n| Cross section | Breadth of channel in feet | Depth at low water in feet deepest |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| XIV, 229 feet | 600 | 18 |\n| XIII, 20-1 | 310 | 17 |\n| XII, 17.7 | 1,040 | 15 |\n|  | 360 | 12 |\n|  | 1,130 |  |\n|  | 1,500 |  |\n|  | 840 |  |\n|  | 1,110 |  |\n|  | 270 |  |\n|  | 1,060 |  |\n|  | 1,190 |  |\n\nIn this is not counted a depth to over 18 feet found a little outside the regular track but within the 15-feet curves.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt",
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    {
        "id": 423098,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 501,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## Notes on Affairs at Macao\n\nThe most striking feature of Macao at the present time is the contrast between the stagnation in the trade of the port, as evidenced by a comparatively-speaking deserted harbour, rows of unoccupied houses, and the absence of traffic in the streets, and the numerous and costly public works, including a sea wall, new roads and gardens, &c., now in course of construction.\n\nThe sea wall, which is an extension of the Praya in the direction of the inner harbour carried round Barra Point, is faced with blocks of granite, and backed by a promenade 60 feet wide. The hitherto neglected, low-lying portion of the settlement behind the old town is being raised some 10 feet and laid out with broad roads, flanked by pavements of granite and cement. Wherever there is a vacant space at a corner it is enclosed with an ornamental wall, paved with stone and cement, and planted with trees. Yet no houses line these new thoroughfares, no people are to be seen passing along them, and the gardens, except on rare occasions, are deserted.\n\nAfter an occupation extending over 300 years there are, I am credibly informed, no Portuguese merchants, properly so called, established in Macao. The trade, such as it is, is entirely in the hands of the Chinese and, to a small extent, natives of India. Such Macao-born Portuguese as have any energy leave the place for Hong Kong and the Chinese treaty ports as soon as they are old enough to earn their own living. The ambition of those that remain is to obtain a post, no matter how small, in a Government office. A young man of good education, whom the governor himself recently recommended for a post in the indoor department of the Customs service, was discovered, after his application had been refused, acting as overseer to a gang of coolies on the new sea wall.\n\nI am told that the exodus of moneyed Chinese from Macao still continues. The recent activity displayed by the Cantonese in opening new trade marts in the neighbourhood of Macao is undoubtedly the outcome of a determination to \"boycott\" the port so long as it remains in Portuguese hands, and the Colonial Government's traditional policy of squeezing the Chinese mercantile community for revenue purposes, while doing nothing to encourage local industries or improve the approaches to the harbour, serves to encourage an agitation which appears to be steadily growing in strength.\n\nI do not think that a year ago the Cantonese seriously contemplated the possibility of the Portuguese evacuating Macao; to-day the return of the territory to China is being freely discussed in the newspapers and in official circles. For this the Portuguese, the Portuguese Government in particular, are themselves in great measure to blame, and the tardy display of energy with regard to the question of dredging the harbour shows that the Government realise this fact.\n\nUnfortunately for Macao the present empty state of the Treasuries, both here and in Lisbon, makes it extremely improbable that the necessary funds will be forthcoming for harbour conservancy operations on a large scale, and one does not see how, in the absence of any valuable security, a loan can be raised.\n\nConsiderable stir in the colony was recently caused by newspaper reports that the home Government had voted a sum of 160,000 dollars per annum for a period of years to be devoted to harbour improvements, and that the governor had been authorised to invite tenders for the work.\n\nIn the course of an interview with the governor (I called on his Excellency unofficially on Monday last) I learnt that this report was premature. His Excellency had urgently recommended a dredging scheme for the Government's approval, and had sent home three estimates submitted by firms in Hong Kong (the Hong Kong and Whampoa Dock Company, Messrs. Macdonald and Co., and Messrs. Punchard, Lowther, and Co.), but no reply had yet been received, and no appropriation had, as far as he knew, been made.\n\nHis Excellency was good enough to give me a copy of the specifications for the proposed harbour improvement work, which I enclose for your inspection.*\n\nIn the meantime the governor had ordered a small dredger in Japan, to cost 10,000 dollars, which was due in Macao at the end of the month, for the purpose of dredging the harbour in front of the Hong Kong and Macao steam-boat wharves.\n\nThe governor subsequently granted an interview to Mr. W. H. Hill, who called on his Excellency at my suggestion, Messrs. Howarth, Erskine, and Co.'s agent in Canton. Mr. Hill was invited to submit estimates for the dredging of a channel from the roadstead to the inner harbour.\n\nMr. Hill informed me that the conditions of the Government's dredging scheme are not at all satisfactory. The deposit of 10 per cent. (on which no interest will apparently be paid) seems unnecessarily large, and there is no guarantee that the contractor's account will be settled monthly. The dredged products, instead of being taken out to sea and dumped, are to be carried 3,000 metres and deposited in about 5 feet of water. But ordinary dredgers have a draft of from 9 to 10 feet, and to carry out what is practically reclamation work special pumping apparatus would be required, for which no allowance is made.\n\nMr. Hill is of opinion that the Government do not realise the magnitude of the scheme projected, which will cost at least 2,500,000 dollars, and he thinks the terms offered would not be accepted by any respectable British firm.\n\nThe notice enclosed has never, as far as I am aware, been published in the Hong Kong newspapers, and it is characteristic of that lack of cohesion between the Portuguese Government departments, on which you have yourself commented, that a copy of this notice has never been supplied to the Portuguese consul-general at Canton.\n\nI gather that the Government's financial embarrassments—only 20 per cent. of the salaries of the civil service and garrison were paid for the month of May—are chiefly due to the loss of revenue derived from the opium farm and the Macao lottery.\n\nThe opium farmer, who holds a ten years' concession dating from June 1903, in return for a payment to the Government of 344,000 dollars per annum, suspended payment in February last. The sudden stoppage of the export to America made it impossible for him to carry out his contract, and he asked the Government to refund his deposit of 110,000 dollars and enter into a new agreement whereby he paid only 80,000 dollars per annum for the farm, now greatly reduced in value.\n\nTo this arrangement the governor was disposed to agree, in default of a better, but the home Government, to whom the matter was referred, refused any compromise, ordering the deposit to be confiscated and the farmer's privileges to be withdrawn.\n\nThis was done, with the result that the Government are now managing the opium farm themselves, with the assistance of a wealthy Chinese compradore, who takes one-third of the profits, and deriving therefrom a revenue of something under 2,000 dollars per mensem.\n\nThe opium farmer, I need hardly say, is bringing an action against the Colonial Government for the recovery of his deposit.\n\nNo steps have been taken in Macao to restrict the public and private use of opium. The Macao lottery, formerly one of the colony's chief sources of revenue, has for the past five months been closed. Taken out of the hands of the Chinese concessionnaire, as reported in a former despatch, the Government tried for some months, without success, to run it themselves. They are now endeavouring to let the lottery to Chinese again, but have so far been unable to come to terms.\n\nThe revenue derived from the \"fantan\" shops also shows a falling off, although not so serious, the quarter of the town occupied by the gambling houses and their affiliated establishments still forming the business centre of Macao.\n\nI learn that the smuggling of arms and ammunition into China through Macao continues unchecked, in spite of the efforts of the maritime Customs officials, seconded in a somewhat half-hearted manner by the Colonial Government, to stop the traffic.\n\nThe names of the persons engaged in the trade are well known, and to show how lightly even the Portuguese Government itself regards this illicit traffic, I may mention that the name of Dr. Lello, the former colonial secretary, whose connection with the arms trade during his tenure of office was notorious, leading to his impeachment by the chief justice and subsequent hurried departure from the colony, was recently submitted to the governor for reappointment as colonial secretary. The governor wired to Lisbon that Dr. Lello's record in the colony made his return impossible. Dr. Lello is said to have made a fortune in Macao, although the salary assigned to the colonial secretary is only 300 dollars per mensem.\n\nIt is interesting to note that the governor of Macao draws 1,200 dollars per mensem.\n\n*Not printed.",
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    {
        "id": 441596,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "page_number": 45,
        "title": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "content_text": "## \nHe shall on no account enter into any alteration with any of the contractor's servants.\n\n(7)\n\nTO ...\n\nHe shall be out on duty every morning by 3 a.m. and keep patrolling the district till 9 a.m. and again from 1 p.m. till 4 p.m.\n\n(8) He shall not absent himself from duty without the permission of the Principal Civil Medical Officer.\n\n(9)\n\nWhen on duty he shall always be properly dressed in his uniform.\n\n## Note\n\nSince that time I have not received any instruction as to the changes of any of the conditions of my standing orders except that the Peak foreman and Peak watchman will do only morning patrol on Sundays and public Holidays, and the instructions given by Inspector on the 22nd March 1911, stating please attend at this office at 11:30 a.m. every Wednesday until further order in diary.\n\nAccording to the condition of present work, some of the conditions of the Standing orders appear to me defective as Condition No.3: the diary is being submitted to the Inspector instead of Medical Officer of Health, about which I have received no instructions, and Condition No.3 of my standing orders and clause No... of the conservancy contract have made different between the hours of my duty, and the hours of the night soil coolies work as they have to start work at midnight and I at 3 a.m., but still I am made responsible to see that the Contractor comply with this condition of his contract.\n\nAnd as condition No... of my standing orders says that I must not absent from my duty without the permission of the Principal Civil Medical Officer, which means Dr. Atkinson who has left the charge of Sanitary Board many years ago.\n\nI have served for 13 months in Kowloon, and am very thankful to Dr. Pearse and Insp. Brown who entered into my standing orders all changes occurring from time to time for my guidance, and there was no end to the recommendation made by these gentlemen for my good work, but at my present Post the lack...",
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    {
        "id": 441597,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "page_number": 46,
        "title": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "content_text": "## \n\n- Auto D\n\nBefore we...\n\n...of guidance, I have to work over hours. And in this long steep shelterless district I have to supervise the work first of conservancy coolies, then of rubbish coolies and then scavenging of the roads, having scarce time to go to Victoria to fetch the food stuff and to prepare it, but still the value of my work has not been known. Therefore according to condition No.3 of my standing orders which states that I must see that the Sanitary Contractors for the Hill district strictly comply with the conditions of their contract, and to see that the conservancy contractor complying with condition No.7 of his contract which states the contractor shall remove daily between the hours of 12 midnight and 6 a.m. unless prevented by the stress of weather (indicated by the hoisting of a black typhoon signal) to his conservancy boats stationed as aforesaid, all excretal matters from all buildings in the Hill district, all government buildings (including government latrines) and all privately owned public latrines in the district covered by this contract, he shall provide a staff of not less than 3 foremen and 40 coolies for the Hill district and 1 foreman and 15 coolies for Victoria goal.\n\nAnd as there is no arranged time for mustering conservancy coolies (as for the mustering of rubbish coolies at 5 a.m.) and as the typhoon signal was hoisted on the morning of 22nd, 23rd and 24th July 1912 I went out on duty early at 2 a.m. on the morning of these three dates to see whether the conservancy coolies will come up or not, and if they come whether they will carry out their work in a proper manner in the rough weather, so I watched them and saw that they did, according to condition No.4 of my standing order.\n\nAnd in reply to the last charge stating that I absented myself from my duty without leave (or the permission of the Principal Medical Officer per clause No.8 of my standing order) at 7:30 a.m. on 23/7/12 contrary to No.7 of the standing orders for the sanitary watchman of the Hill district, I beg to state that on this date I have performed my duties actually, see my diary of this date.",
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    {
        "id": 441604,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-398 - Individuals - 1912",
        "content_text": "## rubbish coolies are picking rubbish on the Plantation Road and \nevery morning a lot of cabbage leaves can be seen on Plantation Road between his house and Barker Road, Trem Station at this time Mr. R. O. Hutchison was the Head of the Sanitary Department, who at the same time ordered the scavenging contractor to engage 15 extra workmen at his own expenses to carry out his contract properly, and since that time till the end of that contract the work went on very well, and on the last conservancy contract had to pay 80 cents to the scavenging coolies for removing night soil dumped at Hillside by his coolies near No. 66 Mt. Kellet Road.\n\nAs the Hill District is reserved District for European gentlemen to keep it clean, in this long, steep and shelterless District I have been doing as much work as foremen do, as at first I supervised conservancy coolies work, then of rubbish coolies work and then the scavenging of the roads of the Peak District, which I covered about 30 or 40 miles a day, and during last 8 years no complaint of absence from duty &c has been made against me.\n\nI know very well that many Sanitary foremen and other employees have been departmentally fined or punished several times for neglect of their duties &c. and still are working at their posts. But my dismissal has been recommended at the first occasion, on the false and concocted charges, which have been brought illegally and after the elapse of about 15 days from the dates mentioned on the charges, as the Sanitary Department is a Government Department and its offices are open daily to deal with the daily occurrence but it has not been done in my case.\n\n## Jealousy and ignorance of the present Head of Sanitary Department with the Peak Watchman.\n\nAs soon as the present scavenging contractors started to work on the Peak about the 1st January 1910, his new coolies committed so many breaches daily by dumping the refuse at hillside and I reported them according to my duties, instead of punishing the contractor for the breaches of his contract, the Head of Sanitary",
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    },
    {
        "id": 442399,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 526,
        "title": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "## \n522 \n\n(8) He shall on no account enter into any altercation with any of the contractor's servants.\n\n(7) He shall be out on duty every morning by 3 a.m. and keep patrolling the district till 8 a.m. and again from 1 p.m. till 4 p.m.\n\n(8) He shall not absent himself from duty without the permission of the Principal Civil Medical Officer.\n\n(9) When on duty he shall always be properly dressed in his uniform.\n\n## Note\n\nSince that time I have not received any instruction as to the changes of any of the conditions of my standing orders except that the Peak fireman and Peak watchman will do only morning patrol on Sundays and public Holidays, and the instructions given by Inspector on the 22nd March 1911, stating please attend at this office at 11.30 a.m. every Wednesday until further order in diary. According to the condition of present work, some of the conditions of the Standing orders appear to me defective as Condition No.2 the diary is being submitted to the Inspector instead of Medical Officer of Health about which I have received no instructions, and Condition No.3 of my standing order and clause No.7 of the conservancy contract have made difference between the hours of my duty, and the hours of the night soil coolies work as they have to start work at midnight and I at 3 a.m. but still I am made responsible to see that the Contractor comply with this condition of his contract.\n\nAnd as condition No.8 of my standing orders says that I must not absent from my duty without the permission of the Principal Civil Medical Officer, which means Dr. Atkinson who has left the charge of Sanitary Board many years ago.\n\nI have served for 13 months in Kowloon, and am very thankful to Dr. Pearse and Insp. Bram who entered into my standing orders all changes occurring from time to time for my guidance, and there was no end to the recommendation made by these gentlemen for my good work, but at my present Post for the lack of...",
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    {
        "id": 442400,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 527,
        "title": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "A \n\n523 \n\nof guidance, I have to work over hours. And in this long steep shelterless district I have to supervise the work first of Conservancy coolies, then of rubbish coolies and then scavenging of the roads, having scarce time to go to Victoria to fetch the food stuff and to prepare it, but still the value of my work has not been known. \n\nTherefore according to condition No.3 of my standing orders with which states that I must see that the Sanitary Contractors for the Hill district strictly comply with the conditions of their contract, and to see that the conservancy contractor complying with condition No.7 of his contract which states that contractor shall remove daily between the hours of 12 midnight and 6 a.m. unless prevented by the stress of weather (indicated by the hoisting of a black typhoon signal) to his conservancy boats stationed as aforesaid, all excretal matters from all buildings in the Hill district, all government buildings (including government latrines) and all privately owned public latrines in the district covered by this contract, he shall provide a staff of not less than 3 foremen and 40 coolies for the Hill district and 1 foreman and 15 coolies for Victoria gaol, \n\nand as there is no arranged time for mustering conservancy coolies (as for the mustering of rubbish coolie at 5 a.m.) and as the typhoon signal was hoisted on the morning of 22nd, 23rd and 24th July 1912 I went out on duty early at 2 a.m. on the morning of these dates to see whether the conservancy coolies will come up or not, and if they come whether they will carry out their work in a proper manner in the rough weather, so I watched them and saw that they did, according to condition No.4 of my standing order) and in reply to the last charge stating that I absented myself from my duty without leave (or the permission of the Principal medical officer per clause No.8 of my standing order) at 7.30 a.m. on 23/7/12 contrary to No.7 of the standing orders for the sanitary watchman of the Hill district, I beg to state that on this date I have performed my duties actually, see my diary of this date,",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 534,
        "title": "CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "## 539\n\nrubbish coolies are picking rubbish on the Plantation Road and every morning a lot of cabbage leaves can be seen on Plantation Road between his house and Barker Road, Tram Station, at this time Mr. R. O. Hutchison was the Head of the Sanitary Department, who at the same time ordered the scavenging contractor to engage 18 extra workmen at his own expenses to carry out his contract properly, and since that time till the end of that contract the work went on very well, and the last conservancy contractor had to pay 80 cents to the two scavenging coolies for removing night soil dumped at Hillside by his coolies near No. 66 Mt. Kellet Road.\n\nAs the Hill District is reserved District for Europeans gentlemen to keep it clean, in this steep and shelterless district I have been doing as much work as foremen do, as at first I supervised conservancy coolies work, then rubbish coolies work and then the scavenging of the roads of the Peak District, which I covered about 30 or 40 miles a day, and during last 8 years no any complain of absence from duty &c. has been made against me.\n\nI know very well that many Sanitary foremen and other employees have been departmentally fined or punished several times for neglect of their duties &c. and still are working at their posts.\n\nBut my dismissal has been recommended at the 1st occasion, on the false and concocted charges, which have been brought illegally and after the elapse of about 15 days from the dates mentioned on the charges,\n\nas the Sanitary Department is a Government Department and its offices are opened daily to deal with the daily occurrence but it has not been done in my case.\n\nJealously and ignorance of the present Head of Sanitary Department with the Peak Watchmen.\n\nAs soon as the present scavenging contractors started to work on the peak about the late January 1910, his new coolies committed so many breaches daily by dumping the refuse at hillside and I reported them according to my duties, instead of punishing the contractor for the breaches of his contract, the Head of Sanitary",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-399 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 448258,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 477,
        "title": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Present emergency doubtful whether any can be expected for a considerable time & I am at full stretch.\n\nBelonging to the Commercial trade matters.\n\nMay 24th 1914\n\n4 July\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\nHONG KONG\n\n27971 C.O.\n\n27971 Rec'd 31 JUL 14!\n\nBlackmail Demands on Conservancy Contractor by robber gangs Kwangling\n\n471 Reports steps taken in consequence of complaint received from him.\n\nMr. Gaffen.\n\nCopy sent to L.FF.\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\nIt does not appear that any effective action can be taken. The waters are fairly well patrolled but extend so far that it is easy to make an attack when no patrol is near. It seems probable that some of the villages along the coast are in league with the instigators of the attacks but the Chinese do not appear to be able to protect themselves.\n\n(88,195) W¢ 31,066—13, 45,000. 12/18, A & E W.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 448259,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 478,
        "title": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Page 472\n\n3/8/14/1\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE,\nHONGKONG. 9th July, 1914.\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honour to inform you that on the 28th of April the Head of the Sanitary Department forwarded to the Colonial Secretary a complaint from the Conservancy Contractor complaining of demands of blackmail by robber gangs in the Shun Tak District in the Kwangtung Province where the soil brought from Hongkong is disposed of; and the firing on his junks after he had refused to pay more than the annual toll of $3,000 which has been paid for years for the safe conduct of the Conservancy Junks.\n\n2. After considerable correspondence through His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton, which did not result in effective measures being taken by the Chinese Authorities, I addressed a letter, copy enclosed, to the Commodore asking that a gunboat might be sent to the district. On receipt of Commodore Anstruther's reply, copy of which is also enclosed, I sent Mr. Tratman to Canton and I now attach copy of his report of his visit to the district in question in H.M.S. \"Moorhen\".\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour most obedient,\nhumble servant,\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\nLEWIS HARCOURT,\nM.P.,\n\n80-1\n\n&c.\n\nGovernor, &c.\n\nPage 473",
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    },
    {
        "id": 461208,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-432 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 689,
        "title": "CO129-432 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "# 693\nYou HONG KONG 24674 48 : 27697\n\nBo hee 12 May Contract for removal of right dated 1916, the Conservancy Contractor has been bringing to the disturbed state. Last previous Paper. Kwong Lung Pwen is giving parts of loss.\n\n15 June anliga 1446 Of Just line.d helped.\n\n2 Athen Infortunate but it can't be schnee!. Rist/b At once Are 13.6.16 Next subsequent Paper.\n\n(90092) WL, 35800-8, 45,000 12/15. BM & S.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-432 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [3-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 461209,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-432 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 690,
        "title": "CO129-432 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "## N° 182.\n\nSir,\n\nGOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONGKONG.\n\n4th May, 1916.\n\nI have the honour to inform you that owing to the disturbed condition of the Kwongtung Province, the Hongkong Conservancy Contractor has been obliged to abandon his contract for the removal of nightsoil, and arrangements have had to be made to dispose of the soil in the sea.\n\n2. It has been necessary from time to time to revise the monthly payment made by the Contractor to the Government owing to the loss of soil occasioned by the opening of public trough closets in the City of Victoria, and the payment as finally revised was $3,223 a month. Early in April, however, the depredations of soi-disant soldiers and robbers in the districts where the soil is sold to the growers of mulberry trees rendered it absolutely impossible to carry out the contract. Anarchy prevails at the depots at Way Lin in the Shun Tak district, and even if it were possible to transport the soil, there would be no sale for it.\n\n3. I had, therefore, no option but to allow the contract to remain in abeyance for the time being and to take over the contractor's boats. Agreements have been entered into with the head foreman of the Hongkong contractor to remove the soil.\n\n**THE RIGHT HONOURABLE ANDREW BONAR LAW, M.P.,**  \n&c., &c., &c.\n\nPage 690  \nPage 691",
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    },
    {
        "id": 543268,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "# Conservancy and Sewerage Disposal\n\n197. The collection and disposal of night-soil in the Colony is carried out partly by the bucket system and partly by water carriage. With regard to the bucket system, arrangements are made with a contractor for the removal and disposal of excrement under conditions laid down by the Sanitary Board.\n\n198. The excrement is removed by night from the latrines to a special fleet of junks which convey it up river to China where it is utilised as manure for the mulberry trees on which the silk worms feed.\n\n199. Owing to the limitations of the water supply on the Island and the need for economy in the matter of consumption, it is necessary to restrict the number of water closets served by the public mains.\n\n200. Where a sufficiency of water can be obtained from other sources, such as wells or streams, and the conditions otherwise are suitable, water closets are allowed. With regard to effluents, some enter the public sewers direct, some pass to biological tank systems to be treated before final discharge.\n\n## Drainage\n\n201. Drainage both surface and subsoil is controlled by the Public Works Department. $532,000 was entered in the 1932 Estimates for a programme which included drainage, training of nullahs and sewerage.\n\n## Water Supplies\n\n202. The water supplies of Hong Kong and Kowloon are in charge of the Water Works Branch of the Public Works Department.\n\n203. All the water is surface water and most of it is collected from catchment areas which are free from ordinary risks of pollution. The water, after storage for a longer or shorter period in impounding reservoirs, is filtered in some cases by slow-sand filters, in others by the rapid system, and finally it is chlorinated.\n\n204. Routine examinations are carried out by the Government Bacteriologist and Government Analyst and the results furnished to the Water Authority. The results show that the water as supplied to the consumer is of excellent quality.\n\n## Clearance of Bush and Undergrowth\n\n205. Generally speaking in Hong Kong and the New Territories bush and undergrowth is little in evidence except in those places where it has been planted and conserved. Routine cutting of superfluous undergrowth is carried out in May and October.\n\n## Sanitary Inspections\n\n206. On the staff of the Sanitary Department there are 56 European Sanitary Inspectors but there are no Asiatic Inspectors and there are neither Health Visitors nor Public Health Nurses. Each Sanitary Inspector has for supervision a district with approximately 25,000 inhabitants most of whom are ignorant of the very rudiments of sanitation. Under their supervision come tenement houses, lodging houses, places of common assembly, eating houses, bakeries, dairies, markets, laundries, etc., etc. It is physically impossible for these men to carry out the number of inspections necessary to ensure a proper standard of sanitation and much that should be done must necessarily be left undone. Work in connection with the routine cleansing of houses takes up much of the time of the Inspectors and there is little left for other necessary action.\n\n207. Except in the matter of house cleansing matters are not satisfactory.\n\n## Common Lodging Houses\n\n208. Boarding Houses which include every place where any person is harboured or lodged for any kind whatsoever of hire or reward and where any domestic service whatsoever is rendered by the owner, lessee, principal tenant, occupier, or master to the person so harboured or lodged, but which do not include any boarding-house for non-Chinese seamen within the meaning of the Merchant Shipping Ordinance, are licensed and controlled by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs under the Boarding House Ordinance.\n\n209. They include hotels, common lodging houses, places where employers lodge their employees and the premises of societies within the meaning of the Societies Ordinance, where persons pass the night.\n\n210. Under the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance 'Common Lodging House' includes any house or part thereof or other permanent structure where male persons of the labouring, artisan or mechanical classes, not being members of the same family, to the number of ten persons or upwards are housed, but does not include a house or other permanent structure where shopmen or domestic servants are housed by their employers.\n\n211. Under the Public Health and Buildings Ordinance the Sanitary Board is given power to make by-laws for the licensing, regulation and sanitary maintenance of Common Lodging Houses.\n\n212. Sixteen by-laws have been made under this Ordinance, one of which passes the power of registering the houses and licensing the keepers to the Secretary of Chinese Affairs.\n\nPage 40\nPage 41",
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    {
        "id": 543374,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 146,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "# \n\n251\n\nNightsoil, etc., not to be discharged on unauthorised places.\n\n84. No person shall discharge or cause or permit to be discharged into or along any street, drain, river, stream, nullah, or any public place any nightsoil or excretal matter.\n\nDuty of parents with regard to children.\n\n85. Every person having the care or custody of any child under twelve years of age shall prevent such child from committing any nuisance in or by the side of any street or drain or any public place.\n\nRemoval of night-soil to be done by contract or by departmental service.\n\n## Arrangement for removal of nightsoil.\n\n86.-(1) The Council shall provide a departmental service or employ contractors for the removal of excretal matters from the following buildings (where not fitted with water closets):\n- (a) All buildings in the Hill District.\n- (b) All Government buildings (including Government latrines) and all privately owned public latrines in the following districts:\n  - (i) The City of Victoria, Wong Nei Chong Village and Road (South of City Boundaries), Tai Hang Village, Sookunpoo Valley, Tung Lo Wan, Whitfield, and Shaukiwan Road from City Boundary to Joint Cable Houses.\n  - (ii) The Villages of Shaukiwan, Shaukiwan West, Sai Wan Ho, Wong Kok Tsui, Quarry Bay, Tsat Tsz Mui, Shaukiwan Road, (East of Joint Cable Houses), Chuen Lung, Ma Shan Ha, Fo Tau Fat, Tsin Shui Ma Tau, A Kung Ngam, Aberdeen, Aplichau, Stanley and Tai Tam.\n  - (iii) Such portion of Kowloon (including New Kowloon) as the Urban Council shall from time to time determine.\n\n(2) Such contractors are hereby referred to as conservancy contractors.\n\n## Conditions of contract subject to approval of Governor.\n\n87. The terms and conditions of the contracts shall be settled by the Urban Council subject to the approval of the Governor.\n\n## Servants of contractor to wear distinguishing badge.\n\n88. The servants of the conservancy contractors shall, while at work, wear such distinguishing badge as shall from time to time be directed by the Urban Council.\n\n## Owner or occupier to afford access for removal of night-soil.\n\n89. The owner or occupier of every building shall give access to any authorised person for the purpose of removing excrement from any part of such building, and if the open space appurtenant thereto be enclosed, the gate or door shall be opened by the occupier whenever required.\n\n90.-(1) The occupier of any premises which are situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 or if there be no occupier, the owner or immediate landlord, shall, unless such premises are a Government building or a privately owned public latrine, make due provision for the daily removal of all excretal matters from such premises for delivery thereof to the servants of the conservancy contractor and shall not dispose of any such excretal matters in any other manner.\n\n(2) (a) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall provide not less than one bucket per seat for the storage of excretal matters in rough weather and for the removal of excretal matters by the conservancy contractor. Such buckets shall be of a pattern approved by the Council.",
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    {
        "id": 543375,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 147,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "## 29 \n\n(b) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall allow the conservancy contractor for that district to remove all excretal matters from such latrines, and shall pay to such conservancy contractor for the removal of the excreta matters from the latrine to Kwai Chung Bay at the rate of ten cents per picul of nightsoil (`tai fo`) and five cents per picul of urine (`shui fo`).\n\n(c) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall make due provision for the reception of such excretal matters at the conservancy boats anchorage in Kwai Chung Bay.\n\n(d) No excretal matters shall be removed from any privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 except by the conservancy contractor for that district.\n\n## 91. \n(a) All conservancy boats, that is to say, all vessels used for the conveyance of excretal matters whether in the employ of the contractors or privately owned, shall be registered annually at the offices of the Urban Council and no vessel not so registered shall convey excretal matters.\n\n(b) All conservancy boats shall be completely decked and provided with closely fitting hatches and shall at all times be kept in a thorough state of repair and in a seaworthy and cleanly condition to the satisfaction of the Urban Council.\n\n(c) The decks of every conservancy boat shall be washed down immediately after the transhipment of any excretal matters.\n\n(d) No conservancy boat shall be loaded above the under side of the hatch coaming.\n\n(e) No conservancy boat shall enter the waters of the Colony except with its holds clean and its bilges pumped dry.\n\n## 92. \nAll conservancy boats shall fly such distinguishing flag as shall from time to time be directed by the Council.\n\n## 93. \nNo conservancy boat shall, unless otherwise provided for under the terms of the contracts for the time being in force, anchor or lie at any place within the waters of the Colony other than the conservancy boats anchorage in Kwai Chung Bay.\n\n## 94. \nNo excretal matter shall be placed in or upon or conveyed along or across any street or open space situated within any of the districts specified by Section 86 except between midnight and 6 a.m. and except in strong substantial buckets with closely fitting covers, and of such a pattern as may from time to time be approved by the Council.\n\n## 252",
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    {
        "id": 543377,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 149,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "## Common Lodging Houses\n\n113. The contents of soil pans in public latrines shall be kept covered with either earth, sawdust, opium-packing or such other suitable material as the Council may approve.\n\n114. The soil and urine collected in public latrines shall be removed therefrom daily by the public conservancy contractor as provided for by the terms and conditions of his contract.\n\n115. Every latrine open to the public before sunrise or after sunset shall be at such times adequately lighted.\n\n116. Any building used as a public latrine shall not be used as a dwelling.\n\n117. No building or part of a building shall be used as a Common Lodging House except under and in accordance with a licence in that behalf by the Urban Council. No licence shall be issued until the house and the keeper thereof are registered by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. If any person who opens or keeps open any common lodging house contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance cannot be found, or if the keeper of any such common lodging house is absent from the Colony, the householder as defined by this Ordinance shall be deemed to be the person who opens or keeps open such house and shall be liable accordingly.\n\n118. Every person who in making application for the licensing of a common lodging house, knowingly makes any false statement regarding any of the particulars required to be stated by such application, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars.\n\n119.—(1) At the time of issuing any licence for a common lodging house the Urban Council shall assign to every room in such house a printed ticket showing the number of persons who may be accommodated in such room calculated on cubic capacity.\n\n(2) The number shall be calculated with reference to the cubic capacity of the rooms, and so that in the case of sleeping rooms not less than three hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space shall be allowed for each person, provided that in measuring such air space no space at the height of more than ten feet shall be taken into consideration.\n\n(3) The licensee shall keep every such ticket conspicuously displayed on the wall of the room to which it is assigned by the Council, and no person in excess of the number shown on the ticket assigned to any room shall be accommodated therein.\n\n120. Any house to be licensed as a common lodging house must be substantially built and in a good state of repair, and must be adequately lighted and ventilated, and all rooms which are to be used as sleeping places must be on all sides above the level of the ground immediately surrounding the house.",
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    {
        "id": 543398,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "page_number": 170,
        "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934",
        "content_text": "## Table of Correspondence,-Continued.\n\n| Marginal Notes. | Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance 1933. | Corresponding Ordinance. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Interference with dustbins by unauthorised persons prohibited | 73 | B3b |\n| Dumping of corpses or carcases prohibited | 22 | B7b |\n| Scavenging to be done departmentally or by contract | 74 | Alb (scavenging) |\n| Servants of contractors to wear distinguishing badge | 75 | A2b |\n| Occupier to make provision for removal from premises to bins, carts, etc. | 76 | A8b |\n| Occupier to provide moveable dustbin | 77 | A9b |\n| Conditions with regard to conveyance of pig-wash | 78 | A12b |\n| Deposit of pigwash on unauthorised places prohibited | 79 | A13b |\n| Duty of Council to remove refuse from streets | 80 | A186 |\n| Rights of Council with regard to nightsoil | 81 | C190b |\n| Power of Council to fix hours for removal | 82 | C189b |\n| Occupiers to give access for purposes of removal | 83 | C187 |\n| Nightsoil, etc., not to be discharged on unauthorised places | 84 | C183 |\n| Duty of parents with regard to children | 65 | 85 |\n| Removal of nightsoil to be done by contract or departmental service | 86 | A1(2)b |\n| Conditions of contract subject to approval of Governor | 87 | A1(3)b |\n| Servants of contractor to wear distinguishing badge | 88 | A2b |\n| Owner or occupier to afford access for removal of nightsoil | 89 | A181 |\n| Arrangement for removal of nightsoil |  |  |\n| Conservancy boats to be registered annually-conditions to be complied with with regard to conservancy boats | 90, 91 | A3b (conservancy), A4b |\n\nPage 170  \nPage 171",
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    {
        "id": 543578,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "page_number": 37,
        "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "content_text": "# \n## Nightsoil, etc., not to be discharged on unauthorised places.\n\nDuty of parents with regard to children.\n\nRemoval of night-soil to be done by contract or by departmental service.\n\nConditions of contract subject to approval of Governor.\n\nServants of contractor to wear distinguishing badge.\n\nOwner or occupier to afford access for removal of night-soil.\n\nArrangement for removal of nightsoil.\n\n## \n28\n\n84. No person shall discharge or cause or permit to be discharged into or along any street, drain, river, stream, nullah, or any public place any nightsoil or excretal matter.\n\n85. Every person having the care or custody of any child under twelve years of age shall prevent such child from committing any nuisance in or by the side of any street or drain or any public place.\n\n86.-(1) The Council shall provide a departmental service or employ contractors for the removal of excretal matters from the following buildings (where not fitted with water closets) :-\n\n| District/Building Type | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | All buildings in the Hill District. |\n| (b) | All Government buildings (including Government latrines) and all privately owned public latrines in the following districts: |\n| (i) | The City of Victoria, Wong Nei Chong Village and Road (South of City Boundaries), Tai Hang Village, Sookunpoo Valley, Tung Lo Wan, Whitfield, and Shaukiwan Road from City Boundary to Joint Cable Houses. |\n| (ii) | The Villages of Shaukiwan, Shaukiwan West, Sai Wan Ho, Wong Kok Tsui, Quarry Bay, Tsat Tsz Mui, Shaukiwan Road, (East of Joint Cable Houses), Chuen Lung, Ma Shan Ha, Fo Tau Fat, Tsin Shui Ma Tau, A Kung Ngam, Aberdeen, Aplichau, Stanley and Tai Tam. |\n| (iii) | Such portion of Kowloon (including New Kowloon) as the Urban Council shall from time to time determine. |\n\n(2) Such contractors are hereby referred to as conservancy contractors.\n\n87. The terms and conditions of the contracts shall be settled by the Urban Council subject to the approval of the Governor.\n\n88. The servants of the conservancy contractors shall, while at work, wear such distinguishing badge as shall from time to time be directed by the Urban Council.\n\n89. The owner or occupier of every building shall give access to any authorised person for the purpose of removing excrement from any part of such building, and if the open space appurtenant thereto be enclosed, the gate or door shall be opened by the occupier whenever required.\n\n90.-(1) The occupier of any premises which are situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 or if there be no occupier, the owner or immediate landlord, shall, unless such premises are a Government building or a privately owned public latrine, make due provision for the daily removal of all excretal matters from such premises for delivery thereof to the servants of the conservancy contractor and shall not dispose of any such excretal matters in any other manner.\n\n(2) (a) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall provide not less than one bucket per seat for the storage of excretal matters in rough weather and for the removal of excretal matters by the conservancy contractor. Such buckets shall be of a pattern approved by the Council.",
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        "id": 543579,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "content_text": "## 29 \n\n(b) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall allow the conservancy contractor for that district to remove all excretal matters from such latrines, and shall pay to such conservancy contractor for the removal of the excretal matters from the latrine to Kwai Chung Bay at the rate of ten cents per picul of nightsoil (`tai fo`) and five cents per picul of urine (`shui fo`).\n\n(c) The occupier of every privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 shall make due provision for the reception of such excretal matters at the conservancy boats' anchorage in Kwai Chung Bay.\n\n(d) No excretal matters shall be removed from any privately owned public latrine which is situated within any of the districts specified in Section 86 except by the conservancy contractor for that district.\n\n## 91\n**(a)** All conservancy boats, that is to say, all vessels used for the conveyance of excretal matters whether in the employ of the contractors or privately owned, shall be registered annually at the offices of the Urban Council and no vessel not so registered shall convey excretal matters.\n\n(b) All conservancy boats shall be completely decked and provided with closely fitting hatches and shall at all times be kept in a thorough state of repair and in a seaworthy and cleanly condition to the satisfaction of the Urban Council.\n\n(c) The decks of every conservancy boat shall be washed down immediately after the transhipment of any excretal matters.\n\n(d) No conservancy boat shall be loaded above the underside of the hatch coaming.\n\n(e) No conservancy boat shall enter the waters of the Colony except with its holds clean and its bilges pumped dry.\n\n**Conservancy boats to be registered annually - conditions to be complied with regard to conservancy boats.**\n\n## 92\nAll conservancy boats shall fly such distinguishing flag as shall from time to time be directed by the Council.\n\n**Conservancy boats to fly distinguishing flag.**\n\n## 93\nNo conservancy boat shall, unless otherwise provided for under the terms of the contracts for the time being in force, anchor or lie at any place within the waters of the Colony other than the conservancy boats' anchorage in Kwai Chung Bay.\n\n**Conservancy boats restricted to Kwai Chung Bay.**\n\n## 94\nNo excretal matter shall be placed in or upon or conveyed along or across any street or open space situated within any of the districts specified by Section 86 except between midnight and 6 a.m. and except in strong substantial buckets with closely fitting covers, and of such a pattern as may from time to time be approved by the Council.\n\n**Conveyance of nightsoil between midnight and 6 a.m.**",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt",
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    {
        "id": 543581,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "content_text": "## Contents to be covered with approved material. Excrement to be removed daily by contractor.\n\n113. The contents of soil pans in public latrines shall be kept covered with either earth, sawdust, opium-packing or such other suitable material as the Council may approve.\n\n114. The soil and urine collected in public latrines shall be removed therefrom daily by the public conservancy contractor as provided for by the terms and conditions of his contract.\n\n## Latrines to be adequately lighted. Latrines not to be used as dwellings.\n\n115. Every latrine open to the public before sunrise or after sunset shall be at such times adequately lighted.\n\n116. Any building used as a public latrine shall not be used as a dwelling.\n\n## Common Lodging Houses.\n\n117. No building or part of a building shall be used as a Common Lodging House except under and in accordance with a licence in that behalf by the Urban Council. No licence shall be issued until the house and the keeper thereof are registered by the Secretary for Chinese Affairs. If any person who opens or keeps open any common lodging house contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance cannot be found, or if the keeper of any such common lodging house is absent from the Colony, the householder as defined by this Ordinance shall be deemed to be the person who opens or keeps open such house and shall be liable accordingly.\n\n118. Every person who in making application for the licensing of a common lodging house, knowingly makes any false statement regarding any of the particulars required to be stated by such application, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding twenty-five dollars.\n\n119.—(1) At the time of issuing any licence for a common lodging house the Urban Council shall assign to every room in such house a printed ticket showing the number of persons who may be accommodated in such room calculated on cubic capacity.\n\n(2) The number shall be calculated with reference to the cubic capacity of the rooms, and so that in the case of sleeping rooms not less than three hundred and fifty cubic feet of air space shall be allowed for each person, provided that in measuring such air space no space at the height of more than ten feet shall be taken into consideration.\n\n(3) The licensee shall keep every such ticket conspicuously displayed on the wall of the room to which it is assigned by the Council, and no person in excess of the number shown on the ticket assigned to any room shall be accommodated therein.\n\n120. Any house to be licensed as a common lodging house must be substantially built and in a good state of repair, and must be adequately lighted and ventilated, and all rooms which are to be used as sleeping places must be on all sides above the level of the ground immediately surrounding the house.\n\nPage 40  \nPage 41",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 543602,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934",
        "content_text": "60 \n## Table of Correspondence,—Continued. \n\n## Marginal Notes. \n\n**Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance 1933.** \n\n| Marginal Notes | Corresponding Ordinance |\n| --- | --- |\n| Interference with dustbins by unauthorised persons prohibited | 72 B3b |\n| Dumping of corpses or carcases prohibited | 73 B7b |\n| Scavenging to be done departmentally or by contract | 74 Alb (scavenging) |\n| Servants of contractors to wear distinguishing badge | 75 A2b |\n| Occupier to make provision for removal from premises to bins, carts, etc. | 76 A8b |\n| Occupier to provide moveable dustbin | 77 A9b |\n| Conditions with regard to conveyance of pig-wash | 78 A12b |\n| Deposit of pigwash on unauthorised places prohibited | 79 A13b |\n| Duty of Council to remove refuse from streets | 38 80 A186 |\n| Rights of Council with regard to nightsoil | 81 C190b |\n| Power of Council to fix hours for removal | 82 C189b |\n| Occupiers to give access for purposes of removal | 83 C187 |\n| Nightsoil, etc., not to be discharged on unauthorised places | 84 C183 |\n| Duty of parents with regard to children | 85 C184 |\n| Removal of nightsoil to be done by contract or departmental service | 86 A1(2)b |\n| Conditions of contract subject to approval of Governor | 87 A1(3)b |\n| Servants of contractor to wear distinguishing badge | 88 A2b |\n| Owner or occupier to afford access for removal of nightsoil | 88 A2b |\n| Arrangement for removal of nightsoil | 89 A181 |\n| Conservancy boats to be registered annually-conditions to be complied with with regard to conservancy boats | 90 A3b (con. servancy) |\n| Conservancy boats... | 91 A4b |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 545910,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-550-1 Estimates 1935 14-9-1934 - 15-9-1934",
        "page_number": 43,
        "title": "CO129-550-1 Estimates 1935 14-9-1934 - 15-9-1934",
        "content_text": "43\n\nA (1) 6\n\nBets and Sweeps Tax\n\nLess Betting and reduction in Pari-mutuel percentage.\n\n280,000 166,754 113,246\n\nEntertainment Tax\n\n300,000 262,975 37,025\n\nFewer attendances at Cinemas.\n\nA (1) 7\n\nEstimate. Kowloon-Canton Railway.\n\nPassenger Service, Foreign Line\n\nActual. Decrease.\n\n650,000 629,569 20,431\n\nStamp Duties\n\n2,200,000 1,917,417 282,583\n\nContinued trade depression.\n\nThe new working agreement came into force from 1st October, 1984 whereby this Section received 28% instead of 35%.\n\nWater Excess Supply and Meter Rents\n\n2,000,000 1,883,607 116,893\n\nPassenger Service, Passengers Home Line\n\n665,000 642,218 22,782\n\n10% rebate allowed on excess water from 1st April, 1934, and 15% rebate allowed from 1st September, 1934.\n\nFewer local passengers\n\nGoods Service, Others, Home Line\n\n30,000 18,739 11,261\n\nLess bricks & other goods carried\n\nFines\n\nVariable.\n\n207,000 182,529 24,471\n\nRent of Government Property, Land and Houses.\n\nEstimate. Actual. Decrease.\n\nFees of Court or Office, Payments for Specific Purposes, and Reimbursements in Aid.\n\nEstimate.\n\nDeeds Registration\n\n104,000 79,581 24,419\n\nLands Not Leased Fewer permits\n\n300,000 283,717 16,283\n\nInterest.\n\nFewer deeds registered.\n\nGunpowder Storage\n\n50,000 38,078 11,922\n\nInterest\n\nEstimate. $ 230,000\n\nActual. Decrease.\n\n$ 196,574 $ 33,426\n\nOver estimated.\n\nHigher Exchange and Sale of Sterling Securities\n\nPublic School Fees\n\n285,000 243,566 41,434\n\nFewer pupils.\n\nMiscellaneous Receipts.\n\nWater Service\n\n40,000 18,690 21,310\n\nConservancy Contract\n\n25,000 4,733 20,267\n\nFewer new services.\n\nWidows' and Orphans' Pensions Contributions\n\nHigher rate of exchange\n\nContractor's failure to carry out contract\n\n380,000 336,000 44,000\n\nOther Miscellaneous Receipts.... 100,000 80,264 19,736\n\nVariable\n\nRoyalty payable by the Post Office.\n\nEstimate.\n\n$\n\nActual. Decrease.\n\nKowloon Motor Bus Co....... 140,000 128,094 11,906\n\nOver estimated\n\n$ $\n\nLand Sales.\n\nMessage Fees\n\n720,000 640,923 79,077\n\nEstimate.\n\nActual.\n\nPostage\n\n1,300,000 1,188,375 111,625\n\n$\n\nReduction in rates\n\nPremia on New Leases\n\n1,200,000 558,473 641,527\n\nDecrease.\n\n$\n\nDecreased demand for land\n\n44",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-1 Estimates 1935 14-9-1934 - 15-9-1934.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 547230,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-552-1 Supplementary expenditure 24-12-1934 - 18-1-1936",
        "page_number": 91,
        "title": "CO129-552-1 Supplementary expenditure 24-12-1934 - 18-1-1936",
        "content_text": "104\n\nBrought forward....\n\n9.-34, Public Works Extraordinary :- Gangway for Conservancy Junks, Waterloo Road\n\nThe sum of $1,000 is required for the purpose of constructing a gangway to facilitate access to the conservancy junks stationed off Waterloo Road.\n\nThe present structure is the property of the late conservancy contractor and its dilapidated condition renders replacement essential.\n\nConservancy arrangements were taken over by the Government after the 1935 estimates were passed and a supplementary vote is therefore necessary.\n\n(C.S.O.4583/35).\n\n$10,710.00\n\n$1,000.00\n\nTOTAL.\n\n$11,710.00",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-552-1 Supplementary expenditure 24-12-1934 - 18-1-1936.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    }
]