[ { "id": 216799, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843", "page_number": 7, "title": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843", "content_text": "1. \n\nDIEU \n\nANNO SEXTO & SEPTIMO \n\nVICTORIÆ REGINÆ. \n\nCA P. XCIV. \n\nAn Act to remove Doubts as to the Exercise of Power and Jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers Countries and Places out of Her Ma- jesty's Dominions, and to render the same more effectual. \n\n[24th August 1843.] \n\nW \n\nHEREAS by Treaty, Capitulation, Grant, Usage, Suffer- ance, and other lawful Means Her Majesty hath Power and Jurisdiction within divers Countries and Places out \n\nof Her Majesty's Dominions: And whereas Doubts have arisen how \n\non the same \n\nfar the Exercise of such Power and Jurisdiction is controlled by and The Power \n\nHer Majesty dependent on the Laws and Customs of this Realm, and it is expe- acquired by dient that such Doubts should be removed: Be it therefore enacted in Countries by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice out of Her and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, Dominions in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the shall be held same, That it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exer- Terms as cise, and enjoy any Power or Jurisdiction which Her Majesty now Her Ma- hath or may at any Time hereafter have within any Country or jesty's Au- Place out of Her Majesty's Dominions, in the same and as ample a thority in Manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such Power or Jurisdiction Colonies. by the Cession or Conquest of Territory. \n\nII. And \n\n11 K \n\nthe Crown \n", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 216813, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843", "page_number": 21, "title": "CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843", "content_text": "popepsion of a Legislative anthong dispensable to nefficient discharge of your \n\nduties andwe \n\naccording decided on \n\nconferring on your \n\nthat \n\nanthong without further \n\ndelay \n\nBesithe time. \n\naccupied in the preparation of the formal \n\nmotuments we fother content. \n\nhaz made its imposible to \n\n& \n\nfurnish you the present angle to general \n\nMail with \n\nIistuestions \n\nas to the conduct \n\nof gem hook kan thon ofgenhovḥ \n\nconveyed \n\nSatrified \n\nmeder the Sign \n\nnor are I. that it wil be \n\nnecefancy forme lodors. however, Schould on fleation find that any exential point has keen overlooked \n\nmcufficiently explained \n\nin those draturation, Ishall addrep you further on the defect honest opportunity. \n\nThe great object, as Shave Said, of the frame to Comme? in losoufer \n\nSoutar power ofenacting duch Laws as magaffer \n\nare \n\nto be required (the circum. stances of the Colony This has been effected the delegation type of the wherent Peeragition of the frown to legislate ofiti authent in Devritonis acquired by Conquent or sepion. Jou degislative flower is f \n\nium \n\nin all \n\nof \n\nCourse restricted to the \n\nlimits of stongkong, but within those himili itis complete. In conformity with the reareal practice \n\nin such cases. \n\nis you \n\nALL", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-002 - Sir Henry Pottinger - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 217344, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "page_number": 82, "title": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "content_text": "and Sam to request that \n\nmove Low Stanty \n\nв \n\nyou \n\nwill \n\nto have the goodness \n\nLord Aberdeen with any \n\nfavour observations or \n\nmay \n\nour \n\nsulyich of \n\nI \n\nsuggestions which in \n\nto this Lordship \n\nthe \n\nB \n\nthe inclosed brafts. \n\nbe returned to this \n\n30 Janp \n\nThe draft of of vorating Fading hardly related to \n\nthe reference to the Crown Langers \n\nDy \n\nwith \n\nthe subject of the prohibition \n\nany of \n\nthe Port \n\nin China, wrcept the five enumerated, \n\nany (olonial Subject. But it affeces to me infosible that the fonather of the propored Order in Connect should be enforced \" at any British Seletement \" or Position\" exacpl Hong_Kong. Letter pen the Pereign fire! \n\nand I we make that remart in \n\narewes \n\n& ther \n\nThe other propored reference, about the establishment of a Coal Pribunal at the business of this offer. In right of conquent, \n\nNong trọng, \n\nor si \n\nBache \n\nMOLL \n\nright of \n\nen. \n\nclosely r the consequent cession, the Queen in Council has a Legislative may Corneils. But by the same right of conquent or cepsion, \n\nhowas at Hong Kong . As Legislator, Legislative Order in Corneil. But \n\nmay \n\nmesefonig \n\nH.M. \n\nestablish a Court thear \n\nby a \n\nThe \n\nweat \n\nalso constitute a local legislatura, which local legislation may \n\nlocal Zibunals, Civil and Criminal. Both will be required. how \n\nam \n\nfurther \n\nto request \n\nthat the \n\nQueen \n\nthe \n\nDrafts may \n\nlothis Office \n\n4. \n\nSeeria \n\nfar \n\nbetter. \n\nwith \n\nyou \n\nreply. \n\nLam, Sir, \n\nYou \n\nmost obedient \n\nKemble servant, \n\nAllehuddington. \n\n፡ \n\nhave \n\nconvenient that the local Legislationn \n\nit ? be the Author of the Goal Tribunals, them that those Rebanals shout \n\norigin distinct from, and independent of, the power of that lagin latiore. If the time were \n\nGoo? in the place rife for constituting a Jost \n\n. \n\nو \n\n4 therefore do that and have everything wise to emanate from it. But \n\nLove \n\nmust still portsfione seating with Hong Kong \n\nto the Foreign Pfin sugerl \n\nQ.-4 \n\na \n\nColonys there, all \n\nthe subject of this propond \n\nbe, first that it w. be desirable to confer \n\nCriminal, and as \n\nwelk \n\n47 嫚 \n\nOth \n\nLetter \n\nthe contemplated Court Cuil, Jurisdiction, for the fanishment of \n\nCrimes committed by The Queen's subjects, within the Poland of Kong Hong. \n\nbeing, henceforward, to be regarded \n\nmeaning of \n\nQ7 A \n\nBritish Territory \n\nsont \n\nThe Statute 3. & 4. Im IL \n\nprobably not be within the Secondly, that it wo be domable that the Orders now to be promulgated for the establishment of the propered Court should be \n\nbe \n\nexprefly \n\ndeclared to \n\nthe \n\nthe various dratitations of it \n\ntemporar \n\nand provisional only, mantel Dr. M. C. take order for the permanent Government of the Island, and for regulating Indicial and Administrative. ? Y", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 217345, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "page_number": 83, "title": "CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843", "content_text": "This I do not know exseth how loung iis intended to portfore making permanen Arrangementer, but as the austructions is tes \n\nA. Potor were Illuich is hold Brugkory by conquest of lot by cession, decrelude that we may take it for Graulaa d. is a permanent possessives _and_ that a Agislative pouer aughte \n\nat once be Gwen th \n\nAcferunt or Cor Jan 31, \n\nW. Sefchen's Musinle. Dean and sonhandwith. amil Autheitent \n\nAT THE COURT AT WINDSOR, THE 4TH DAY OF \n\nJANUARY 1843. \n\nPRESENT, \n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council. \n\nHEREAS by an Act of Parliament, made \n\nWHE \n\nand passed in the session of Parliament holden \n\nin the third and fourth years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, intituled \"An Act to regulate the trade to China and India,\" it was, amongst other things, enacted, that it should and might be lawful for His said Majesty, by any such Order or Orders as to His said Majesty in Council should appear expedient and salutary, to create a court of justice, with criminal and Admiralty jurisdiction, for the trial of offences committed by His said Majesty's subjects within the dominions of the Emperor of China and the ports and havens thereof, and on the high seas within one hundred miles of the coast of China; and to appoint one of the super- intendents, in the said Act mentioned, to be the officer to hold such court, and other officers for executing the process thereof: \n\nAnd whereas, in pursuance of the said Act, and in execution of the powers thereby in His said late Majesty in Council in that behalf vested, it was by an Order, dated the ninth day of De- cember one thousand cight hundred and thirty- three, ordered by His said late Majesty, by and with the advice of His Privy Council, that there should be a court of justice, with criminal and Admiralty jurisdiction, for the purposes aforesaid; which court should be holden at Canton, in the said dominions, or on board any British ship or vessel in the port or harbour of Canton; and that the said court should be holden by the chief \n\nsuperintendent, for the time being, appointed, or to be appointed, by His said late Majesty under and in pursuance of the said Act of Parliament: \n\nAnd whereas it is expedient, that the said court of justice should henceforth be holden in the island of Hong Kong; now, therefore, in further pursuance of the said Act, and of the powers thereby in Her Majesty in Council in that behalf vested, and of all other powers to Her Majesty belonging or in any wise appertaining, it is hereby ordered by Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, that the said court shall henceforth be holden in the island of Hong Kong; and that the same shall have and exercise jurisdiction for the trial of offences committed by Her Majesty's subjects within the said island and within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and the ports and havens thereof, and on the high seas within one hundred miles of the coast of China: and it is hereby further ordered, that the said court shall be holden by the chief super- intendent, for the time being, appointed, or to be appointed, by Her Majesty under and in pur- suance of the said Act: \n\nAnd Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her said Council, doth hereby confirm, in all other respects, the said Order of His said late Majesty in Council, dated the ninth December one thousand eight hundred and thirty-three: \n\nAnd the Right Honourable the Earl of Aberdeen, \n\none of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State, is to give the necessary directions herein accordingly. \n\nCC Greville. \n", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-003 - Foreign Office - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 218000, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843", "page_number": 281, "title": "CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843", "content_text": "\nCour \n\nance \n\nthe subsistence of the Capital and \n\novinces - when misrepr \n\nперерязан \n\nsentation no \n\nSovereign \n\nLong \n\nis led t \n\nMA = \n\nwill of China - the assent \n\nof the Emperor confirmed the treaty \n\nwhich the po \n\nL \n\nn \n\nof the Queen dictated- \n\nto \n\nکہ مجھے \n\nHaving this been admitted, or rather compelled for the first time in the history of the world, write the family of civilized nations, the Chinese are, \n\nthe rights, as \n\nentitled to all. \n\ne fully long \n\nthey fulfil the obligations of the com. \n\nnection \n\nescaped you \n\nwhat \n\nwere not exclu \n\nIt will scarcely howe Lordship's Observation \n\ntoo. \n\ntcher er An \n\nmatched, \n\nlusively instrumental \n\nin contributing to hasten the peace. \n\nThe Partar \n\ne as cestonished to see the almost (to him) inconceivable phe. \n\nof clemency combined with military success, and moderation & good faith the companions Frestrain. rers of conquest - the could soarcely believe it, when he heard that our presoners were not only spars. £ - but \n\ncured of thien \n\nwounds & set at liberty; that private property send the public granaries thrown \n\nw the hunger of his \n\nopen only to assung \n\nw as respected, \n\nown people! It almost hesitate to quote \n\ncr \n\nChinesem. \n\nmaxim erem \n\nمشة \n\nillustration of Chinese feelings; but- one of their most respected d. \n\nLos estrespected stages de Loired that those who subdue by force alone do not seduce the heart; \n\n(9) \n\nwhile those who sub due by benevolen \n\nain the hearts of the subdued, and their \n\nubmission is sincers. of Earnestly \n\nhope that the continuance \n\n2.7 \n\nmy long \n\npe \n\nof the fewer remain a standing confir. \n\nnation of the text. - \n\nBest it still remains \n\nfor us to sex prise the Chinese by shew- :ing them the Mira les of peac \n\nof War - The Schoolmaster is in steeds \n\nصعب \n\n\"abroad, and mos \n\nZA. A pi \n\nhis lef= \n\n: sons to the doors of those who never yet \n\nThere is areal British \n\nleft ho \n\nColony (no Porting \n\non the \n\nplanted on \n\ncounterfeit ) threshold of China. \n\nmede \n\nflourish \n\nThere they may dee commerce :ing in the absence of restrictions, - piro - Sperty &trenson secure under the pro- \n\ntection of equal laws, unit; \n\nword, \n\nکمی \n\nޙ ޔނ ރީ \n\nall the best fruits of sexince & civili. \n\nZatio \n\nou breinsflanted direct from. the European heady \n\nheadquarters - The \n\ngoad \n\nov evil we may de there will, by the Law of inevitable necessity, \n\nwhom ourselves. - \n\n• act exption \n\nze - \n\nthis rattan ainore than \n\nrather \n\n10th Dec 1842. aylar since I \n\n$ \n\nsurde de \n\nfo \n\nto the Foreign sffice a ettemorandum, in which after adventing to the ill. conduct of British subjects in China, I cudded that \"the very highest powers that can be legally or constitutionally delegated to a func= \n\nationenar \n\nat duct \n\nbe conferred \n\nwatch \n\nDe... \n\ndistance & hould or the officer who is to \n\nnoi at Iholi: \n\n- sch \n\nD", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-004 - Public Offices & Admiralty - 1843.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 218720, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844", "content_text": "in contributing to hasten the pence. \n\nThe Tartar was astonished so sec \n\nthe almost (to him) inconceivable \n\nthenomenon. \n\nwith military \n\nof clemency combined \n\nIul 069d, and moderation \n\nand good jaith the companions and \n\nrestrainers of conquent - He could \n\nScarcely \n\nbelieve it, when he heard \n\nthat our \n\nPrisoners \n\nwere 20ž \n\nonly & pared. \n\nA \n\nwhile those who subdue by benevolence_ \n\ngain the hearts of the subdued, and \n\nJain \n\n_is Sincere \n\ntheir submission is \n\nI \n\ncarnestly hope that the continuance of the peace may long \n\nlong remain \n\nstanding confirmation of the test. But it still remains for \n\nto sumprise the Chuxine by shewing \n\nв \n\nthem the Miracles \n\nPeace \n\nao \n\nwell \n\nbut cured of their wounds and set \n\nliberty; that private property respected and the public granaries thrown open only to assuage hunger of his own \n\nhesitate to quote \n\n.. \n\neven in illustration. \n\nthe \n\npeople! I almost \n\nChinese makein \n\nof \n\nChinese feeling. \n\nbut one of their most respected sages \n\nhas declared that those who sub- \n\nby force alone \n\ndues \n\nnot subdue \n\nHo \n\nheart. \n\nwhile \n\nof War - The Schoolmater is indest \n\nabroad, and \n\nmory \n\nnow carry \n\nhis \n\nlefons to the doors of these who aver \n\nreal Brition \n\nget left home. There is a Colony ( the Patiquer counterfeit ) planted \n\nOn \n\nthe \n\nVery \n\nThey may \n\nthirshold of China. The \n\nsee Commerce flour \n\nthe absence \n\non flourishing \n\ncestuctions, property", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 218722, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844", "page_number": 48, "title": "CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844", "content_text": "for him ; and which I therefore \n\nover \n\nGaa \n\nli- have seen this deleg \n\nthis deleg \n\ndelegated. \n\nnothing which \"Commando \n\nThere is nothing \n\nthe respect of the Chinese Government \n\nto a Philial Functionay so much as \n\nBritish \n\nthe evident fact that he has an \n\n+ fact \n\nefficient contol \n\nover \n\nhis own. \n\npeople. \n\n\"The presence of this power \n\nmade them \n\nrespect the mixed commercial and political character of the East India Company's President. _ the absence \n\nof it, to neglect and despise \n\nthe lake \n\nOfficer of the Crown. \n\nAfter the unwonted humiliation Mem: that has been inflected, and under l'offic \n\nJu Fangir \n\nthe suppention that good faith in observed as to the terms of the treaty, \n\n10 Dar for. \n\nthe \n\nWe best way, of conciliating the Chinese \n\nto \n\nJovernment seems to bo \n\nto its own interests; and by \n\nit \n\nby an appeal \n\nby persunding \n\nthat the same power which proved \n\nso irresistable in War will, in \n\nPeace, \n\nbe exerted for the natural benefit \n\n: \n\nof the live nations with a jealous \n\nMaintenance \n\nall our own \n\neight, \n\neither expressed or implied in the Peaty, \"'it should by every \n\nmeans \n\nbe convinced \n\nno \n\nthat feruitual conquest forms part of the breivs or interrts of the Country, and it is our own true policy to remember, that the \"parcere subject is forms the best- sequel to the 'debellare superbos . Of the \n\nJealoung \n\nof the Polling \n\nand distrust of the \n\nCourt", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-006 - Sir John Davis - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 219645, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "page_number": 105, "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "content_text": "DIEU \n\nMON \n\nANNO SEXTO & SEPTIMO \n\nVICTORIÆ REGINE. \n\nCA P. XCIV. \n\nAn Act to remove Doubts as to the Exercise of Power and Jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers Countries and Places out of Her Ma- jesty's Dominions, and to render the same more effectual. \n\n[24th August 1843.] \n\nW \n\nHEREAS by Treaty, Capitulation, Grant, Usage, Suffer- ance, and other lawful Means Her Majesty hath Power and Jurisdiction within divers Countries and Places out \n\nof Her Majesty's Dominions: And whereas Doubts have arisen how \n\nexpe- \n\nacquired by Her Majesty in Countries \n\non the same \n\nfar the Exercise of such Power and Jurisdiction is controlled by and The Power dependent on the Laws and Customs of this Realm, and it is dient that such Doubts should be removed: Be it therefore enacted by the Queen's most Excellent Majesty, by and with the Advice out of Her and Consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, Dominions in this present Parliament assembled, and by the Authority of the shall be held same, That it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exer- Terms as cise, and enjoy any Power or Jurisdiction which Her Majesty now Her Ma bath or may at any Time hereafter have within any Country or jesty's Au Place out of Her Majesty's Dominions, in the same and as ample a thority in Manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such Power or Jurisdiction Colonies. by the Cession or Conquest of Territory. \n\n11 K \n\nII. And \n\nthe Crown \n\n口 \n\n1.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 219651, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "page_number": 111, "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "content_text": "W \n\njunadiction which the \n\nMajesty at ang \n\nhath, \n\nor may Maly \n\ntime hereafter \n\nвсе \n\nhave, within any Country \n\nplace out of Majesty's dominions, in \n\nby \n\nthe same and as ample \n\na mamur \n\nad \n\nWe \n\nif ber \n\nMagist had arguired \n\nsuch power or jurisdiction by the cefsion or conquest of bonitory = And whereas \n\nthe leajesty bath power that daw this int \n\nand \n\npunsdiction in the \n\ndominions \n\nThe Empero offline: There, therefore, \n\nin \n\nI afpubens, in the teeth to which it we spent this on Carpene \n\nlakeen to be plus the \n\nཔའི་ ༡ ༠༢ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ ་ \n\nthis jour \n\nI \n\nin pursuance of \n\nthe aboree \n\nrecited Acts, or wither \n\nthen, the Majesty \n\nC \n\npleased, by and with the advice of the Pring Commish, to order, and it is hereby ordered, that Her Majesty's Growls and Vice Consuls resident within the said Dominions or such other persons as by Warrant under the hand and deal of the Chief duperintendent of the hacke of thee Majesty's Subjects inftiner zu \n\nthin \n\nthe \n\n", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 219666, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "content_text": "Enacted that it is and \n\nshall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and Enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her \n\nMajesty \n\nat any \n\nnow hath, or may \n\ntime hereafter \n\nhaves, within any country or place out of Her Majesty's Dominions, \n\nin the same and as \n\na manner \n\nas ample \n\nas if Her Majesty \n\nhad acquired such power \n\nthe \n\nor jurisdiction by cession or conquest of territory : And Whereas \n\nHer \n\n६ \n\nHer Majesty hath power and jurisdiction in the Dominions of \"The Superor \n\nof thina: how therefore, \n\nin \n\npursuance of the above- -recited Act, Her Majesty \n\nis pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy \n\nCouncil, to order, and it \n\nis hereby ordered, that Her Majesty's Consuls and Vice Consuls, residents within the said Dominions, \n\nor such other Persons as \n\nWarrant under the by hand and seal of the Chief Superintendent of \n\nthe", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 219696, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "page_number": 156, "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844", "content_text": "\nwithin any \n\nCocenty or Place out. of Her Majesty's Dominions, in \n\nThe same and as am \n\nав \n\nonf.le \n\nif Her Surajesty had \n\na Manner; \n\nacquired \n\nsuch power or jurisdiction by \n\nthe Cession or Conquest of territory : And Whereas Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction in the Dominions of the Emperor of \n\nChinx : Now, therefore, in \n\npursuance of the above recited \n\n> \n\nActs, or either of them, Het Majesty is pleased, by and with \n\nthe advice of Her Privy Councel, to Order, and it is hereby Ordered, that Her Majesty's Consuls and Sice Consuls resident within the \n\nsard \n\nsaid Dominions, or such other persons \n\nby Warrant under the hand and \n\nseal of the chief Superintendent \n\nof the Trader of Her Majesty's Saljicts in China for the time being, shall \n\nappointed to act provisionally Consuls or Fice Consuls shall. \n\nbe a \n\nad \n\nbe \n\nseverally in the Districts within \n\nwhich they may respectively appointed to reside, have and hold \n\nall \n\nAo \n\n: necessary power and authority exercise jurisdic \n\ndiction \n\nover British Subjects within such Disticts as aforesaid, for the repression and punishment of Crimes and offences by them committed within the Dominions of The Comperes of China; \n\nand \n\nEX", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 224587, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846", "page_number": 493, "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846", "content_text": "436\n\n45\n\n44\n\nREPORT ON\n\nment, cattle might be cured and fattened in great numbers. The milk and butter of the cow and of the buffalo is very rich, and sells at moderate price. The flavour of the Chusan mutton is excellent; goats are numerous; hams are well cured, and nearly equal in flavour to those of England. Deer and hares are in season during the winter months. Beef and pork might be cured to any extent in winter, for the supply of the navy, and kept in ice-houses till required. Bullocks are about forty shillings each. Salt is made in great abundance on the coast of Chusan, and on the neighbouring islands. Poultry are plentiful, moderate in price, and of fine flavour. The Chusan fowls are larger than any that are to be seen in England; geese are excellent. Ducks are hatched by steam, and reared by thousands; one boy has charge of many hundreds; they feed in the rice-fields and canals. Eggs are very abundant, usual price 150 for a dollar. Of game, there are pheasants, snipe, quail, woodcock, teal, duck, wild geese (large and good), wild swans (very beautiful), &c.\n\nBread and confectionery, prepared in the English style, are well made by the Chinese. Sixteen-pound loaves of excellent white bread may be bought for a dollar. Wheat is grown on the hills, and rice and millet in the valleys; cauliflowers, peas and beans, cabbages, spinach, cucumbers, onions, turnips, carrots, sweet potatoes, bringalls, gourds of different descriptions, French beans, radishes, celery, &c., are brought to market in season. European potatoes are now being introduced, and every English vegetable and fruit, when cultivated, thrive in perfection. The tea-plant grows on the hills, and is sent to Ningpo and Chapoo to be manufactured for the beverage of the higher classes. The wild raspberry and strawberry are in abundance; melons and oranges are excellent; the peach, grape, apple, pear, apricot, cherry, and plum, only require careful cultivation for their improvement (at Shanghai the peaches are large and excellent). Walnuts and Spanish chestnuts come to perfection at Chusan. The tallow-tree and varnish-tree are among the most valuable productions of the island; from the tallow-tree a great abundance of candles of a waxy consistence are prepared; the varnish-tree yields a wood-oil of great use in furniture. The bamboo and dwarf oak abound. Cotton of excellent quality is largely cultivated; silk, as yet, is of limited production. The tobacco of Chusan is much prized. The hop (humulus) grows on every hill.\n\nThe shores around Chusan abound with fish, some of excellent quality, such as the pomphlat, sole, seer, salt-water trout, herring, rock-cod, sturgeon, mackerel, and eel; oysters and cray-fish are in perfection. It is stated that 40,000 fishing-vessels arrive annually from different parts of the coast of China, and remain three months fishing off Chusan. The \"Yellow Mandarin\" fishery is analogous to the herring fishery of Great Britain or of Holland. About 300,000 dollars capital is invested in this lucrative trade. Ice-boats attend the fishing-boats off Chusan, and as soon as the fish are caught they are packed in ice, and sent to the most distant parts of the empire*.\n\n* The following extracts from Dr. Gutzlaff's \"Retrospect of two years' Peace,\" written at Hong Kong, November, 1844, entirely confirm my previous report:\n\n\"Chusan will hold a very prominent place in the history of our commerce\n\nCHUSAN.\n\nCommercial Advantages of Chusan.--The external commerce of Chusan, on our occupation of the island, consisted chiefly of salted and\n\nand intercourse with this country, whatever the political events may be in future. As a mere territorial possession, its advantages will be considerable. The tea that grows on the island is fit for exportation, though not carefully prepared for a foreign market; it is merely sold at Loo-choo, and other places in Keangsoo. There is space enough, unoccupied by any other cultivation, which could be carefully planted with tea shrubs; and the proper tea men invited for this branch of trade from the Sungho hills, about seven days' distance from Ningpo.\n\nWith a small expense of capital, Chusan and the neighbouring islands might produce, instead of ten or twenty boat-loads as at present, the same number of ship-loads of green tea.\n\n\"The silk worm thrives in the island; but is now merely kept by a few females, who take an interest in weaving home-spun dresses. People brought up from their childhood in this branch of industry, could be brought from Loo-choo (one day's sailing distance from Chusan).\n\n\"The island is fertile, and contains a dense, industrious, agricultural population, who, though more than ten times the number of the Chinese inhabitants of Hong Kong, require not one-fifth part of the police establishment for keeping them in order.\n\n\"As a fishing station, Chusan possesses great advantages.\n\n\"The catching of the Mandarin fish during the spring months, is a very extensive and lucrative business to the inhabitants, and employs a large capital and many boats.\n\n\"For the whale fishery Chusan presents great facilities; for, during summer, the fish go to the Japanese seas, and along the coast of Korea, whither they have never yet been pursued. Vessels, therefore, fitting out in the island, would be just in the track.\n\n\"As a commercial emporium, few places in Asia can vie, in point of situation, with Chusan, On the opposite main are the most flourishing cities, as respects manufactures as well as commerce. In its neighbourhood the largest rivers in China disembogue, and these will always be the highroads of commerce. It is only two days' sail from Japan--the same from Korea; and though the former country still remains hermetically sealed, and the other has always kept aloof from contact with the whole world, they cannot always maintain this exclusion of national intercourse. Chusan is a half-way station between the northern and southern provinces; and was, as such, visited by large numbers of junks before the conquest.\n\n\"Inasmuch as it ought now to be an object of our constant endeavour to open new outlets for British manufactures, no spot on earth presents such facilities as Chusan at the present moment.\n\n\"As a station for European troops the climate is most favourable; it is congenial to the European constitution, and the soil would produce all the fruits and vegetables to which we are accustomed at home, if properly planted and cultivated. The imperfect attempts made for that purpose have well succeeded; and the mountains might be clad with the vine, instead of with the dwarf fir which now cover their sides.\n\n\"On account of the great rise and fall of tide, docks might be constructed on Tea Island, or on the north coast of Chusan, for the repair of vessels; and it is worthy of remark, that the neighbouring Korean islands produce firs and oaks of the best quality, excellently adapted for the use of carpenters and shipwrights.\n\n\"In a political point of view, Chusan appears in the most favourable light. The great political maxim, always as much as possible to keep the peace with the Celestial Empire, can never be so well attained as by retaining possession of this island.\n\n\"The neighbourhood of a British force so near the great canal, and only about five days' sail from Pekin, will always make the great emperor very careful to adopt any measures that may wound the feelings of the neighbouring foreigners; and in case of such an event, the appearance of a few steamers at Kwachoo or Chinkeangfoo, would soon change the views of the great monarch.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-018 - Others - 1846.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 233973, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853", "page_number": 45, "title": "CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853", "content_text": "44\n\n2\n\nlong as such Superintendent should be also the Preamble. Governor of the Island of Hong-Kong) to enact, with the advice of the Legislative Council of the said Island of Hong-Kong, all such Laws and Ordinances as might from time to time be required for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any ship or vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China; and that it should also be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Order or Orders in Council, to ordain, for the government of Her Majesty's subjects, being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any ship or vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, any Law or Ordinance which to Her Majesty in Council might seem meet:\n\nAnd whereas by a certain other Act passed in the 6th and 7th years of Her Majesty's reign, intituled An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual,” it was among other things enacted, that it should be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath or may at any time hereafter have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas by Treaty, Grant, Sufferance, or other lawful means, Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction over British subjects within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and the same or certain parts thereof have heretofore been exercised on behalf of Her Majesty by Her Majesty's Consular officers resident within the said dominions: And whereas in pursuance of the powers vested in Her Majesty by the above-recited Act of the 3rd and 4th years of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, Her Majesty was pleased, by an Order in Council passed on the 24th day of February, 1843, to prohibit her subjects from resorting, for the purposes of trade and commerce, to any other ports in the dominions of the Emperor of China than those\n\nPreamble.\n\n3\n\nof Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghae, or than might be in the occupation of Her Majesty's forces:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased, by a certain other Order in Council passed on the 2nd day of October, 1843, to order, that if any law or ordinance made in pursuance of the above-recited Act passed in the 6th and 7th years of Her Majesty's reign, intituled \"An Act for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects resorting to China,\" should be in anywise repugnant to or at variance with the above-recited Order of Her Majesty in Council of the 24th day of February, 1843, or with certain Orders passed by His late Majesty King William IV, on the 9th of December, 1833, for the government and trade of His Majesty's subjects at Canton in the dominions of the Emperor of China, and for the appointment of a court of justice with criminal and Admiralty jurisdiction for the trial of offences committed by His Majesty's subjects within the said dominions and the ports and havens thereof, or on the high seas within one hundred miles from the coast of China; or with a certain other Order passed by Her Majesty on the 4th day of January, 1843, directing that the said court of justice should be holden in the Island of Hong-Kong, for the purposes aforesaid; then such law or ordinance, so long as the same should be in force, should be obeyed and observed; anything in the said recited Orders in Council contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased by a certain other Order in Council, passed on the 17th day of April, 1844, to order that Her Majesty's Consuls and Vice-Consuls resident within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or such other persons as by warrant under the hand and seal of the Chief Superintendent of the Trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China for the time being should be appointed to act provisionally as Consuls or Vice-Consuls, should severally in the districts within which they might respectively be appointed to reside, have and hold all necessary power and authority to exercise jurisdiction over British subjects within such districts as aforesaid, for the repression and punishment of crimes and offences by them committed within the dominions of the Emperor of China,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 234007, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853", "page_number": 79, "title": "CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853", "content_text": "long as such Superintendent should be also the Preamble, Governor of the Island of Hong-Kong) to enact, with the advice of the Legislative Council of the said Island of Hong-Kong, all such Laws and Ordinances as might from time to time be required for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any ship or vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China; and that it should also be lawful for Her Majesty, by any Order or Orders in Council, to ordain, for the government of Her Majesty's subjects, being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any ship or vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, any Law or Ordinance which to Her Majesty in Council might seem meet:\n\nAnd whereas by a certain other Act passed in the 6th and 7th years of Her Majesty's reign, intituled An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual,” it was among other things enacted, that it should be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath or may at any time hereafter have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas by Treaty, Grant, Sufferance, or other lawful means, Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction over British subjects within the dominions of the Emperor of China, and the same or certain parts thereof have heretofore been exercised on behalf of Her Majesty by Her Majesty's Consular officers resident within the said dominions: And whereas in pursuance of the powers vested in Her Majesty by the above-recited Act of the 3rd and 4th years of the reign of His late Majesty King William the Fourth, Her Majesty was pleased, by an Order in Council passed on the 24th day of February, 1843, to prohibit her subjects from resorting, for the purposes of trade and commerce, to any other ports in the dominions of the Emperor of China than those of Canton, Amoy, Foochowfoo, Ningpo, and Shanghae, or than might be in the occupation of Her Majesty's forces:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased, by a certain other Order in Council passed on the 2nd day of October, 1843, to order, that if any law or ordinance made in pursuance of the above-recited Act passed in the 6th and 7th years of Her Majesty's reign, intituled \"An Act for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects resorting to China,\" should be in anywise repugnant to or at variance with the above-recited Order of Her Majesty in Council of the 24th day of February, 1843, or with certain Orders passed by His late Majesty King William IV, on the 9th of December, 1833, for the government and trade of His Majesty's subjects at Canton in the dominions of the Emperor of China, and for the appointment of a court of justice with criminal and Admiralty jurisdiction for the trial of offences committed by His Majesty's subjects within the said dominions and the ports and havens thereof, or on the high seas within one hundred miles from the coast of China; or with a certain other Order passed by Her Majesty on the 4th day of January, 1843, directing that the said court of justice should be holden in the Island of Hong-Kong, for the purposes aforesaid; then such law or ordinance, so long as the same should be in force, should be obeyed and observed; anything in the said recited Orders in Council contained to the contrary in anywise notwithstanding:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased by a certain other Order in Council, passed on the 17th day of April, 1844, to order that Her Majesty's Consuls and Vice-Consuls resident within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or such other persons as by warrant under the hand and seal of the Chief Superintendent of the Trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China for the time being should be appointed to act provisionally as Consuls or Vice-Consuls, should severally in the districts within which they might respectively be appointed to reside, have and hold all necessary power and authority to exercise jurisdiction over British subjects within such districts as aforesaid, for the repression and punishment of crimes and offences by them committed within the dominions of the Emperor of China,\n\n78", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-044 - Public Offices - 1853.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 239086, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]", "page_number": 48, "title": "CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]", "content_text": "2 to Interfy the formsions of Ordinance 1.6 of 1845. 1.10- either our \n\nBut I prefine that a Three Years' service of the Supreme Court itself, Interpreter _(which is in fact the law of Tasmania, under the Act of Council in Vict, No:29)_ or \"Clerk of the Supreme Court, to des \"Majesty's Attorney, or Solicitor General, or Clerk of the Peace\" (1.3.) Phath be, in the loung age of the foune Not \"Eligible for admission to prontise \n\nAttorney Aplicitor, and Pretor, of the Supreme Court, subject to the \"several regulations in that behalf \"thereinafter contained\". \n\now ou Home \"regulations me of the Iighest eonveyquence to the respectability of the profession, and might be prefully indopted here; there being no restriction \n\nA. \"regulations in force -3 45 whatever at present imposed upon the admission of any British subject within Hong Kong, (whether susturals -borim_ by severon__ conquest to the Roll of Attornies, Solicitors, and Proctors of the Court (3rd M. 6 of 1845, 0.10) \n\nThe Tasmania are contained in sections 6 to 19 of the local Act of Council above-mentioned. The candidate must affirm not only the fact of service, but also his personal fitness, to the satisfaction of three examiners, at least, of whom one shall be a barrister. \n\nAlloway, and one the Master of the Court. An appeal to the Supreme Court against their rejection of candidate may be maintained by end the brut pay reverse their decision and admit the candidate. But", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-057 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 241300, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]", "page_number": 325, "title": "CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3]", "content_text": "The Hongkong Register. \n\n24 \n\nNO. 6. FEBRUARY 10, 1857. \n\nLeaving his shop, which was to be burned, to take While we cannot fail to admire the philosophic ed; a largeness of thought, which has some of the effect of lantry and self-devotion to which he pished briefly\n\nestrup They think in lakhs and pounds, of provinces advert. There were on board the Birkenhead, in að- sare itself, and carrying biz \"pate in peril\" into view which our contemporary tales of this as fut parishes, of populations and classes of society. Mondition to the soldiers, a number of women and children a place where it could be more easily cut off. To every other great question, we must confess our we have seen race to warm the Katrs se children, and sick persons. The discipline exhibited by the troops as the inference is natural, that he feared to lose selves at a loss in arriving at way thing like a Tinta Joelity, cannot regard & Katie war i\n\nwyl:tu-\n\nhis family, and knowing he would do so if he repractical solution of his vast problem. It is, in its purtent. Tee who saw a badron more numbered and while the vessel was going to pieces under their feet was efficient than that of the Mediterranean despatched to Kanot remarkable. The only boats available were filled mained here, unless he first of all lost his life, he present unwieldy hulk and shapeless outline, too goon sus phrase, canol consider air davedition to Naples with the women and children, und went off from the fled with them to save himself, taking with him, as many for ue. It is like the discovery of a new very exfestive effort. Even the advance of Rusis which ship's side; so that the officers Kil soldiers, remaining he supposed, the lives of a large number of foreign-planet outside all our known sidereal system, and which has seen the red ine in a single reigu embrace King means of safety, and, calm and motionless, awaited the swallows comicis in a year, per less strange to a public on deck, deliberately deprived themselves of their only ers as a peace offering to the Mandarins; perhaps which we must consequently take upon trust of doms grew in a Frapoan houseby. This disposition, sinking of the messe). Their noble conduct was well also calculating that in the event of the poison the mathematician's calculations. When the however, though wo adnit its advai rugs, las one very described by Captain Wright, one of the survivors, who\n\nserious drawback. It war's triday to their true proportion, carrying off a large number, he would be more Friend has added the three or four hundred but it blinds us somewhat to tou alcance of the events\n\nu a private letter, said that all the odiders received their with us mattips round 1, the said that all the odiders received their with us mattips round 1, the sunly vir rus taan indemnified for what he lost here. Waat he 1 millions of China, to the hundred and fly with Stienst the account of ties attack Chaton, que af bucking, lastead of going to she bottom; that, indeed, orders and had them carried out as if the men were êm-\n\nspeculded ist um 1 effeat at focision would exorci never saw an crabarkation conducted with such\n\nan\n\nthe boats were filled with women and children, and fer a war of conquest, the Exeter Hall wit be clamorets must inevitably be swamped if their living freight were\n\nwas to lose here was advanced as a reason why he millions of Hindostar, his aggregate becomes a was not likely to commit such a crime; it was ecraething so stupendous, that the very idea cakes n the opium trade Of de few who believe at Sir Johu absence of note and confusion at there was not a however shown, that he was nothing more than sa our breath away, especially if this heterogenous Bowring intends to keep the city, the majority regard the single ery or morietur from any of the men; but, just active, perhaps thriving tradeanan. We say. per- mass of peoples and tribes and nations, is expected as a lead to in inexplicable To Plori before the final plunge a suggestion having been made, polertiary it is said, can have a settled policy lie at that ail who could swim should jump overboard and join haps thriving tradesman, because it may be, that to cohere under the unity of the same Imperial ient is not infected by the with dreams of the? Friend of the boats, the officers begged them not to do so, because if he were able collect his recounts he would be Rule emanating from a geographical speck in the Indiu. aowa sled the Condly ental powera will not per in a position to pay the very heavy debts he owes. Northern seas at a disttee of ten thousandil us to hold land in Cia, Dist Pa-Esment, will not suf perhaps not. Hut, to continue with his statement, tuiles. It is true this is the age of wonders and against the frightful siaughter of them and brothers! Be increased, when the men replied by a cheer and only he takes bread to be consumed by his family on monster undertakings. We are told that distance fort is, and is; be, it is said, a mers provali, rifuru three of them attempted to reach the bonds (Heat the passage, and to be given away to his friendsinis anihilated. We are at this moment putting in the Earoy will not have the mears to follow our bear.) This net of chol keroism, which had been es\n\nIt may guntoran, Tha bombardment, and virtual timated at its full value, not in this country alone but lus native village. Strange to say his liberality in electric girdle around our Indian dominions, conquers of the third city in the wori thay be simply an abroad, and find done much to sustain, and even su czise, commences on board of the steamer, and we find which will virtually establish our imperial presence \"incident.\" The tempt to retain it may be premature, or the high character of our army for unflinching diset- biru cutting up the not very large supply of four at Calcutta and Delhi, and carry the imperial fiat may be overbell, or y bu rastrate by the Jealousy of\n\nother European powers. But it may also be, that another pline, was beyond all praise. This result was in a greet loaves among a dozen people! Then we are told for peace or war and all the main issues of gov stroke los sounlod of the great passing ball which this Can- incasure due to the efforts of Colonel Scatoo, who was he offered 50 and eventually $100 if the crument, to eur most distant borders, in less than sury is ringing veus the ions of the Bast. Bin your certainly no ordinary man, and who rare talent for own view of the subject is upon to grave question \"Sir gaining the effections of the soldiers unter his command steaner would go back to Hongkong that night, the fortieth part of \"forty minutes.\" Even at\n\nJohn Bowring, the qua phitose e Gadici, is not and moulding them to his will had trained these men, the offer being made after the fires were put out, the same put are the solitudes of the the great ways for the sake of falling on his face. most of whom were young and untried levies, to face It must have been one of Ahlum's unlucky days Euphrates Valley, hitherto but the lonely halting His sotions at least indicate something very like a settled danger and death with unshaken fortitude. (Hear, hear.) in which so many extraordinarily suspicioua cir- place of the wild Bedouin, being broken in upoti detuviction, Frau is not about to oppase, for the men of An equal meed was due to all the other officers and men cumstances were arrayed against him, though his by the heralds of our civilization, as they map it the grims were in the breach, and the Muleur values prosent on this trying. occasion, (Hear, hear.) The patente cordial. While France and England net in ect, youngest officer of the regiment, to whore life was full Inek certainly was in the ascendant on the trial, as it for that iron road which shall convey a future\n\nit masters very little whed the reader of Barope chriose of hope and promise, trod the deck by the side of his to fancy in the mater. Nor is it at certain that he blow the result shews. To go on to other points, we have British Viceroy within a week from St. Jamess to\n\ncommander with an em a step, and looked upon the will be misouderstand at home. Lord Palingesson is still first of all his numerous contradictory statement the Ganges.\n\nghastly horrors of death with as much travery and com- dietacor, and likely to remain no, and it was lord Palmer- as to whether ho was going, or not going to leav-\n\neton who said that one day we should be compelled to co-\n\nposure as those who had been longest ingred to peril ing Hongkong. He tells the public in a chop; i\n\nquer China\n\n(Haar.) He (Mr Gordon) did not think'it too late to That grent Seligious body which you call Exe fer Hall, and which when in earnest is evorger than a the\n\nmark the country's sense of the discipline and heroisuz of men who liad thus calmly sacrificed their lives la savo\n\nIt will no doubt be argued,-if we have thus\n\nJudia, while\n\nis not on the side of Manchester. Every religiosa peper others, and he therefore begged to put the question uf\n\nnien\n\nthat he feguing he tells people that he fears centralized our rule and comenlidated our power he must go, at the very time he had his worthy over the vast continent of India, giving the philosophers in the kingdes, on the snigeer of amuxation aid grandmother's letter in his pocket which ad- blessings of peace and goed government to itaf mack in England approves the unexation of Use. The which he had given notice. (Tere, hear.) vised him to remain, aud on which advice he said long oppressed and plundered races, shall we repeated murders of Missionaria, the prepetual insults co Sir G. Grey said that every one acqualated with dew he intended to act. We have bie final assertion | shrink from a similar mission upon thus, waere Christianity, avove ail de up-rising of a new high which,citemstances just described he his hon. friend must\n\nbe it what it may, is founded on the Bible, have borne teir\n\nIt la nut vo ceronic a many insgime that the len filly concur in the feeling tribute which he had paid to that he would not go home, and by way of every enormity of misrule and every phase of it.\"\n\nthe gallart and devoted band of British officers and adencher the purchase of a cargo of word; net social disruption and suffering, seem to cry aloud pounders even will protest. The sales about the mild Hit-\n\nwho lost their lives on the melancholy occasion of the withstanding all this he does go. He is brought to the Invader in the naine of our curamundou which slinded Fatope for half a centary, have never\n\nbeen circulated about the Chinese. That race is underated wreck of the Birkenhead. This act of cole daring, per- back, tried, and found not guilty, and the crime humanity; and shall we shrink from this great duty very nearly in its true character, as one in which disgusting furitest by men who were not inspired by the incentives\n\nuncenaid by a cruelty abhorrent the warat is now laid to the charge of two abeconding fore. solely through fear of offending political jeal seriguality\n\nor surmanded with the glory and excitement of the bat men, who, far any thing we see that could be! Ousica, and because of the sgnitude of the of the ropean peoples. It is just possible,we write in tlefield, bat under circumstances in which there were no mumise deference to the community who deals in api approving eyes to see them, deterred to equal measure brought against them, might return and take their enterprise? Its mognitede is, after all perhaps, that England say vitare le approve. And then-\n\nof admiration and gratitude with the brightest achieve. trial, in all confidence that the black deed could more Collossal than formidable. It may be that!\n\nIt is useless to predict, when the event inust so speedy ments in our military history. (Hear, hear.) With it will be found to lie cather in pussive bulk and falsify or realize all speculations. But if ever Cons of these sentiments Her Majesty's Guvernment were co- be proved by no evidence that would satisfy helpless inertia, than in any vigorous and intrinsic a failug Empire wore laiby on the fan of any land they tainly prepared to take into consideration the propriety jury of this place.\n\nThere is one consolatory point of view in this China would be but the double of what we have den up sing from below, but of its wir rotenness. The referred to. (Hear, hear.)-Times, July 19,\n\ngreatness. Numerically, the task before us in apparent in China gow, The Central Goverment is\n\nof erecting some permanent memorial of the description dying, not of any attack from without, ast event of any sad- had business, it is the fact, that the English public\n\nActually achieved are not bland thiresy, and that an Baglish jury effort it would seem to sink into insignificance in which, whatever the Manchester actout may say, a national Military people weighed down by their scaldbrug civilization have Just all the virtues which spring of strength, and without will do what it believes to be ste duty, even al though that inty may run counter, not only, to the comparison. We are year by year, doubling eztaremos a net posible. They have not even pride, for outside prefice, but even to the opinion of the and quadrupling with success, every domain of their exclusivisin is rather that of a Spanish aristoorsey than a healthy self-assertion, A new creed with some of our productive system; shall we then besitate, if the renate et Christianity and all the ferocity of Judziem judge on the bench. fa that view the trial is a great triumph. Perhaps the Chinese may not our Destiny thrust it upon us, to double the area is striving to attain dominion, as the Huguenots strove, and understand it, perhaps they may think that, what of cur Indo-deminions, and the census of unred. The sticial caste, selectal by competitive examira\n\nconquered populations? the Attorney Gencral happily designated judiciome prodigality\" may have bought justice to At present, however, all such magnificent con- turnside its blow-We cannot help that and must captions as these are remote and shadowy and so- trust to further teaching. In our first Burmese war the same brutal proceedings were carried on see our forces held at bay on the very threshaid of ash a handful of marines, is an fecere by the social ty time he has learned the value of a chapeau and sword, against as as are now being carried ou by the the Friend's great enterprise, the discussion of company predaniant for cudurfer, that it dare not even leave Since this zaemorable event, however, things have gone\n\nthe city til Fel ne given permansson. That ly to mu Chinese-poisoning and massaure-two years after quest seems premature. Still it is the first office thinking the frature of the recent angle. There are towar on asal. Nothing daunted, var countrymen #sad the commencement of that wor one of the ablest of the politician to forecast the future, especially in the world whose poputation would have forn Sir M. Say-still crowd the offices of the legations in London and Paris, chieftains, who had been among the moet ruthless on the eve of such an undertaking as we find our lab for lane. Tasre are tone the population of demand an introduction to Majesty. General Cad- of our opponents, issued an orier, that every before us at Canton, and in this view the disens- there is another town on earth in which a million of people, Dallas, sed made has appearance at court iu full military which would have'iled in parte terror. Bat we question if walleder, of Pennsylvania, has been presented by Mr. English soldier captured abonid be spared, and sion even of remote possibilitica can do no harm. with death raining over head, dared neither a fight car fly costume, wearing a badge of the Order of Cincinnati well treated. Let us hope we may have similar While we cannot follow our contemporary into Nothing but an iron social organization, noting on a rane half a yard sung No mistake about him. Another results from similar conduct in China.\n\nhis tremendous scheme of \"building up second produced such a result. Tits & resil Romsun Famples, an\n\ndeprived of the smallest capacity for Freedora. would have personage has also had his card endorsed by the cham- which cannot endace, berlain-Mr. Hart, of Philadelphia--and he had the\n\nAMERICAN PRESENTATIONS AT European Courte\n\nThe following appears In the New York Herald :— By the last accounts from Europo we learn there has been no new phase at court of an alarming character. The peace of the world not having been disturbed by tien. has all the cold cruelty of the doctrinaires hour thus Rystem fosters without the inzen which sometime gives\n\nthe contretemps of the West Point Professor, there is then strength. The gread Mansela robs the trader, and reason to believe that the secretary of state will not be retis any coin but wirh a specis: stamp. The Governor called on to communicate with Me. Dellas on the inher General pepitates two hunted a day, and teaches his ent vid clolites rights of mankind in genersi and Ameri\n\ncans in particolar. The embarrassment of Mr. Dallas is\n\nme what out of place; while to us upon the spot who Braves to make faces to frighten the Barbarians to their\n\nshipe The great population of Cantem, 100 cowardly to over, and the Weat Pelne professor has retreated. By this\n\nAnglo-Indian Bapire,\" we het Bonod to admit and the vale help scene to be, ay in the OWING to the prisoning case, a great clamor has that mighty contingencies are even at this ma-Tuption of the still vigorous barbarians. The Chinzee may lagesally, doubtless, to obtain a court dress from the costatniers at the usual price. Though sat a military been raised us to the necessity of the government, looming the troubled horizon of this; The insurgenta tave not yet predané a caw idea, If men, like Professor Muhau, he was not afraid to have a ment declaring martial law. We hardly think country. In entering upon a campaign against Christians, they are all Chinese, still consider\n\nslaughter the reacties: patl: to domini, still punca sword dangling between his legs. Probably the amiable striel master of ceremonies did not know what un honour he parties clamorous for martial law clearly un- Cant n, it is not impossible that in our very first\n\nexaminations\" as the end of all good urvornment, still ex was conferring on his sovereigu, nor did the Queen derstand wint it is, Martial law tho hand-step we shall have crossed the Rubicon of our hicind the old hawed of light from without,\n\nknow it, either. She wea probably not aware that in ing over to the military, the lives of the civi-destiny in furthermost Asis, and shall ultimately\n\nWe contas, \"herefore, dat we recive without pleasure the her presence stood in very respectable bookseller, and a fians. It existed in Scotland and in Ireland for fad ourselves involved jo anch inextricable com- roport that no material auistance will granted to Sie Hebrew of the Ilebres.\" Grub-street, though itself many long years-read what good it did in either plications, that we shall neither be able to with- John Bowing frota India. It is of erase vais to hope that excluded from the drawing-ruus, might on this pECA- Martial bus was proclaimed at the draw or stand still. The situation even in its berately on the reale of hallding up as Indian Europe, the fraternity Healy, it is time our foreign legations\n\na Government composed of Englishmen will set itauit deli- country.\n\nsion have glorified itself upon the reception of one of Cape of trucù riops (wo haljeve) a few years ag very first phase, is big with the most formidable That is not the English fashion. The gut reault must - were protected from this constant avalunetic of irrel- Bid some excesses committe d'under it were brought presentments ze regards the fature, and with theive slowly, and be in a matter forse day, or sur con- seines will scarcely be at rest. But weistande sufficient\n\nJerz, who, baving acquire money enough spend six Lo the notice of Parliament. Earl Grey had the buribers it may lay at our door. A military oc- to hold Canson Baglish opinion has been pro muaths in Europe, seek every opportunity of infing it al court Godfish and old clothes have heen sufficiently hardihood to defend it. and appeal to the example upation of the Southern capital of China-it might sll be granted. Nobody is India at least, doubts of the Duke, which brought that great nun ou ia banking centre at once the wealthiest and most that the Plenipotendary is in the right. The organent that represented abroad, and the dealers in these articles we have not men to send is after all only proity to look t aloid now hold up. The truth is, we are running our legs to tell Earl Grey he did not know what he turbulent city in the empire, appears inevitable, Europeans are not wanted. A Chinese is just as Pttle privileges it.to the ground. Our foreign minister should was talking about. He said \"I certainly licht The appropriation of the Imperial revenues pro tema, marel for a sens as he is for An Englishmay, and we can decline presenting any but those whe by their public countries occupied by my armies noder martial follows a matter of course, and pro fem. at dolormined fud se What are tes reginents of loc-\n\nula infantry Indin? The gay could be ill up ook dietiverian. Ar eminent man, or an accomplished and services and position at home are fairly untruted to the law, but I did bot administer the crim.onl justice lost, the Imperial Government is supplanted by\n\nand conveyance for them cen, un reluced to a prestin về of those countries. that was done by the ordina. an invading Power, and, once suppisnted, what ry tribunals of the country; and the only persons Seer shall foretell the day of its restoration, with I beld subject to martial law were those composii subduct, and with the evil spirit of centuries so may wild elements of disorder to be first the armies nuder my orden\n\nMartial inw will not mend the matter; and be\n\nyand the summary execution of spies and the de. portation of vagrant Chinese wa kertainly alone not proceed. We have warned the government as to the necessity of vigilance, and we have urged them to adopt proper precautions, but we equally warn them against the brutality of Military Jaw which ought solely to be confined to the regain- tion of military men.\n\nCommunicated)\n\nHepere, There are or cough for hire. What is earful woman, right very well expect this attention- wasted is new men or steamers, but a formal rengusion of thought in some cases within our knowledge, even when it has been intimated to suit that their appearance at of says is to sell cotton. The pher, and it is pochtaps the the faci, waste so low to ac-zpt, that the Anglo-Saxen Te in this mixteenth neutmy has fivo furetless to perform. One court would be agreeable, they have declined the honour\n\nblom infancy, to oper. with a strong hand a pak by\n\nrather than enjoy it with so many of the impurient and\n\nworthy. We propose to publish, as for as possible,\n\nto be scourged out of a stubborn goneration, lor, is to ride, to reduce the Asiatic vices to trends\n\nto us as Captain of Industry, to protect civilation, in the names of those Amereens who, when abroad, auc- We may assure curselves that a discipline such as this, is not the work of a flying campaign; way we must admit it to be quite upon the cards, that complications arising out of the emergency which taker our forces to Centon in our day may find them there in that of our children'\n\ncred in their straggles to encounter royalty, and who which a tesching me powerful tun eyes that of Anow- Ledre, may was its way abroad. We have in how the jungle anmoy our ministers with appications for the privilege. as wel as sell the are, to not as pincere as well as pillars, A curious list it would be. Is is not very ereditable to to be the teachers of truth as well as tre thoney changes of oat country to be thus known through our tuft hunters, clo world friend of India, Derober, 25, 185.\n\nand it is time we should cease trespasilag on the good nature of our legations, and the iegulations which all ther nations conform to without hesitation or uncivility. ---Globe.\n\nRECEIVING SHIPS.\n\nVeseli..\n\nA\n\nCAPTAIN.\n\nOWNERS.\n\nFort William Congkong M Dermott. P. & 6. St. N. Co. vielen Adam\n\nHOUSE OF COMMONS-- Friday, July 18, To our thinking the feature of the present struggle is, that it has come upon us without a\n\nLOSS UP HER MAJKATY'S SHIT \"DIRKINHEAD.” word of warning, noiselessly as the tread of Fate\n\nMr. Gordon anked the first Lord of the Treasury itself, not only without our seeking but after the\n\nwhether he would take into consideration the propišety Ws desire to draw the attention of the readers most humane and patient attempts to avert it;\n\nof erecting, in the chapel of Chrises Hospital, of else where, sone permanent memorial of the gallant auci of this Journal to an able article in the Friend of and that it has now assumed character which self-devoted conduct of the officers and inen lost in Her India of 25th December last, containing some in. admits of no compromise upon our part save an Majesty's ship Birkenhead on the 25th day of Febranty, teresting speculations on the present hostile crisis ignoble and a dangerous one-that we have now to 1832. The hon. member observen that it might be usk- at Canton, and on the possible alternative to which fight it out not merely with the Government of ed why he raised such a question at a perful so long it may give birth, in the progress of what our con- Chine but with the people of Cunton, and nuts the erent to which it referred. Its answer was, temporary assumes to the inevitable Destiny of merely with the people of Canton in the better war way happily terminated and we si evinced our Cast it was not an unfitting time for us, now that the Great Britain in the Eas tite que grand sense, whose pridle we shall subdue, but with gratitude to the army which fought and suffered for us ruling and abs bing Poser. In a word, the its infuriate militia, longer a patriotic soldiery, in the Crimea, to recognize services which, though of a Friend of India is not without hope that the amenable to control, but broken by defeat and peaceful character, were universally admitted to he as existing situation at Canton is but the first step disgrace into a desperate banditti, against whose balliunt and distinguished as Gay recorded in our soun\n\nHarlequin tcy's quands. The circumstances connected with the in a career of conquest, the final result of which ravages their own people will be driven to in-loss of the Birkenhead must be so fresh in the ory shail be. (thongh not necessarily in our day or plore our protection. Such is but a faint outline of all that it would be unnecessary for him to canke sur generation) the absorption of China proper into of the probable work out out for the first batta. hat the most passing allusion to thear. The vessel a our Indian empire. Thisis a bold flight certainly, lions in he landed at Canton-Who shall especially for waxen wings within the melting foret all the end 2\n\nheat of the tropics, and we have only to hope\n\nboth for sake of the advocate and his courc, that\n\nit may not prove an Icaran che.\n\nRENT EVENTS IN CHINA-Angle ladinas negaire, simply from tha tireumians by which they are surround\n\nge tooup ship--was ontployed in encrying to the Cape of Good Hupe the draw;hts of vanous regiments. to the amber of 500 men, under the command of Lieutenant- Colonel Seaton, and she sailed from Queenstown in the\n\nWhimay\n\nGarant\n\nBrown\n\nM-Muric\n\nC. S. Lungrana\n\nItunoll & Co.\n\nJard.nu, M. &. Dent & Co.\n\nDent & Co.\n\nJardins, A. & Co Jardine, M. & Co. Dent & Co.\n\nDeat & s\n\n. Heard & Co. Deat, Beale & O Jardine, M. & Co.\n\n8. Sens & Co.\n\nRoger\n\nD. S. Sons & Co.\n\n11\n\nCana Family boluy Itupavil Any\n\nWition\n\n[P. F. Cama & Co.\n\nJameson\n\n33\n\nSwntow\n\nSalva\n\nHongkong\n\nPatinder\n\nLord Aust\n\nTernate\n\nChichen Fitzgibbon\n\nBarton Mahamoudie Folthau Crawford Water Watch\n\nBeby Ann Which\n\nWoosung Endicott\n\nFaily Jane\n\nPiketonu Nimrod Sea Horse\n\n¡Baylis\n\nCali\n\nKappel\n\nP. F. Cana & Co.\n\n17\n\nHenderson musty & Ca\n\nJardine M. & Co,\n\n323", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-062 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 242324, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10]", "page_number": 210, "title": "CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10]", "content_text": "## THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.\n\n### VICTORIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 24th, 1857.\n\n#### LATEST DATES\nEng Nov. 19; San Francisco, Dec. 21; Singapore, Jan. 13; Manilla, Nov. 13; Jan. 14\n\n#### CHINESE CHANTUNG\n11 Muia, Gish Days\n\nAs soon as each division of the city is closed, and gates are set up, appointing a man to keep the gate, examining those who are passing and reporting should anything fearful occur, let the gates be shut and lugs to prevent thieves from doing mischief.\n\nAgain, in the several divisions of the city let a strict examination be made, and in every row where disorderly women live let them be shut in all defences; and when they have suspicious strangers, weapons, and other instruments, as ferrets, let them be searched for daily.\n\nTowards the Wells—in each division of the Town where there are wells, let a watchman be appointed by night and day to watch it, some person reputed or recommended by some one who knows his faithfulness, in order to guard against the treacherous putting in poison; opening at six o'clock in the morning and closing at six in the evening. Let the owners of water pay 3 cash per load for the water man's wages.\n\nFire—Hongkong ought to put up a reward or prize for any who shall seize a water or miscreant in any Mandarine's employment; and when masters of these shall be convicted under evidence, let a reward of hundred dollars be given to the informer.\n\nAlso, should any shop or dwelling house for want of care allow fire to kindle, let the offender be taken up and receive a thrashing of one hundred blows, made to carry it for three months correction, for not being careful against fire and the sin of involving others. Thus by the establishment of such a rule, men would certainly be careful against the grievous accident with catching animosity.\n\nBarbarians—At present the Mandarines of China have laid an embargo on Hongkong—prohibiting intercourse. Vessels going and passing boats from the neighboring places around perhaps come, perhaps not; perhaps several unite in coming together, to guard against the sea pirates they thus unite. Now the Mandarines have put out a proclamation prohibiting the Chinese from coming to Hongkong, but permitting their return home. We hear it stated that the Mandarines have thus fixed the time to the 1st month of next year—February 1857—before which none are to go or come; if they do they are to be seized as transgressors, and dealt with accordingly. Now although the hoted time has not arrived, still all the vessels that arrive at Hongkong, whether from city or village, should be carefully examined by some trusty conductor of a government boat, as to their business, whence from, name and surname, their age and appearance, and where they intended going in Hongkong; of which write in a book by which there will be a means of examining into the matter. Also, let each vessel examined for soldiers, implements of war, or other suspicious instruments. Examine the oven on board, whether they have anything suspicious in their appearance, and search their persons to see if they have any daggers about them, or any traitorous letters or clues of wicked devices, instantly examining everything on board, after which allow them to go on shore. As the present is a time of war, if there are traitors among the people of Hongkong, many of them rebels taking refuge; besides the men without employment will be many, poor and it is difficult for these to accept to any other occupation. The thieves, though numerous, will be found willing to observe the Laws, and will certainly not be the disturbers of the peace. Their machinations are at war, and it will be found exceeding difficult to effect a translation—apparently the subtle proclamation broadcast over the English were to select a crew of sturdy lads among those who frequent the brothels dispersed over the City. These are principally boasted above spies. Whichever is virtuous, without reference to his claracter, enrolling him as an assistant with $7, $5, $3, implements, the patriotic and bold, and act in unison leader, as actor, may take lodgings in them. No. suppose at and finds; for certain there are such among these, the same time was set above state everywhere capable of leading forward the past to the conquest where there are prostitutes, as the sign. If the foreigners, to destroy the convention, officers, specify and rising of the idea confusion. To disquiet the people, and graciously requite the good—less atrocious should be carefully guarded against. Recently Dying had planned trend been shut the city, been pleased intercourse, Tell the officials of the English by respectfully writing them to warn again pointing being foreigners, and perhaps, ad agato traži; and trade. into the wells of Hongkong. Suppose the Mandarines and gentry should secretly and in concert at a given time to set fire to the prostitutes' houses, poison the wells, and make an united attack both from the kind and out.\n\nMoreover, they would break the Embargo, placed on Hongkong and also in cutting off supplies, we fear all the dire that like an hell become a reality.\n\n| Jan. P. M. | 6,10 | 6,45 | 1,51 | 2,17 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 6.15 | 2.41 | | |\n| | 3.43 | | | |\n| | 6,39 | 1,93 | 6,51 | |\n\nTuesday, \n5, 1 Adown—First quarter on the 2nd proximos\n3.57 .. \n\n#### SUPPLEMENTARY SHIPPING LIST.\n\nJun. \nARRIVALS AT MONTTONIA, 31, 8. Sir James Brooke, Skinner, from Singapore.\n\n#### QUOTATIONS\nEXCHANGE, AND BULLION.\nHongkong 19th January, —12—latest at Bush Corporation Bank at 6 month's sight. 18. 14 India Úlög Ra....... No, Nous Duty Byer, Nammal-- Bills un Lambs at 6 months' sight\nAg \n-On Lucía 246 9. \nBuvom, Both Jammary --4do London, 6,,8—India Three days' sight 300 lhs per 10. Diats av Ofnban misi ilong- Long 3 per cent discount, \nMANILA, D, London, 6 months' sight 4, 30 days sight §,, -On Cratoa and kangkong ter ent protoinOn âme 1842eecent psikism-Biver Dollate. Spanish and Spath Auchan, daalused, 13 par ceni prasian \n\n#### OPIUM.\nHoxokong, 31 January, -Paina $115 a 1430 Boawes $1 alwal Nominal.\nMaeso, at January.--Parna $ildo $125, Benares 8115. CANTUN,-X Mackol \nSeasons 20th January---Malwn 367 369. Thule, Patos Sia 323 Triz.\n\n#### FREIGHTS AND TONNAGE.\nCANTOR,--Nong, \nSaia can. -De Lon los £!..10 a £3 for Ten, amil.€5 We 9- New York, 55, une fart. \nTo Lelen 10 Sugar, Hemp ko. €3,10 \nTo Unito Stow $59-To Aural (all ch \n\n#### \"REGISTER\" WARNINGS.\nWaxing \nDear Mr Register, let's have a word \nOr two, with you, on things of late transpired; \nWhereby it seems, by that which you are Jos, \nYour Indignation has been greatly fired. \nAt last you have a cracked, and trembling note,. \nA continubulation of strained vines; \nAnd you epiza fruen your harmonious jurat, \nTechaunt us cadences, ur, alias grang. \nIt seems you do not like the tato restrictions \npored on war crkwiat neighbours--why! Har never yet appeared to our nonvictions, \nBut post you will in fəran qe by atat kym \nfe, do nel like their wandering af sight, \nJaws and carves, Sir John, will tell yon na-- \nAnd held your own important soif inclina \nBeyou that livo: to take a chair-why go \nAnd visit your contributors or friends \nBut dont ugal the pass from the othicial; \nAnd if you are a lasting man, \nJust take it with you-wili be beneficialy \nwww.wx \nOr if a GENTLEMAN of gh degre \nTho' uut of pare Casian blood. neglect \nTo carry with bin hat the laws decree \nIn the of warfare-what can you expect? \nBut, that a citizen of earnest seal, \nplein \nAril hanest purpose past your en Shonid chose to challenge tür our mutna \nThe cause of two chair-oitus late detension \n-J \nAnd on the showing of their vindication \nBy this great gentle of puntic blood, \nYou strive to ensure one, whose pledged vacation, \nI to a crime, in bluason, or in \nPause Mr Register, and do not wokY \nFor but of too wild a fight-tis like \nThat you have seen, and y le taught to fol \nLow soon the Begle way the quarry strike \n\n#### SUPREME COURT.\n98th January, 1857.\nThe Queen. The Punnvers. Dr. Bridges, supported by Messrs Gisket and Bowa, and by Mr H.J. Turin, moved on behalf of the Prisoner Alum of the Esing shop, that the Sheriff, Mr May, be ordered to pay over unto the said Prisoner Alum, the sum of $1225, being monies seized by the Sheriff on the premises under The trial of the Esing prisoners will not come on Monday next, as the case commenced earlier than was likely to trench deep—firm and of Mr Tarea, stated their belief to be likely on the bowels of the night. The long this annoy was scary to caulio the p. i- kg Register will not ad id fit vero of the Zomer to prepara lus delence, asseron tout Alain and his fanife werdetin The Chi Ja tien avid that the objection to this existed on board the Shava onk und the Hongkong Police arrived; and the Chem Mach, also in-drecting the errar goes just as faz wrong in \n\n#### CHINESE LAW:\nand the five Mandarimen embarked with them. On their way up they were met by the Cantonese full, who burn one, destroying one thousand men. The other was ran on alore, N. J and the five Mandarimen with about two thousand men narrowly escaping back to Chinkeng. Finally, they built a small boat, ten men volunteering to attempt to reach Nankin in her. It was arranged if they succeeded, All persons rearing mountains, pretending poison—RSI they were so throw large quantities of charcoal into the river. The man at Chinkiang keeping all those who are guilty of afaming in death with violent watch for its floating past with the constant ebb, threats, in order to accomplish an object criminal and unlawful. pusdicine, who pennisters drug perforations with after this a-kang cut his way through with thirty prat Naakin and Chinkeing fu, which they noticed folicult, stall safer deaths—An cekilful practaloner or far days after the boat left. When about a week the ponding needle, contrary to the tablebed rules and hand bringing provisions and relief in the practice, and thereby thungh without any design to injure, kila the patient, shall be had to even hotf from the garrison—Since then they have hul abondanco of panialent of hamile, but shall be obliged to quit kia pro-visions. The morong we passed Tomson the sun or ever, it shaft anper, bewever, that he intentionreb is were engaging the inperiniiats, and we were ally devices from the established rules and gradu, and he enre, and the patient dina, the money shal! then I con \n\n#### CHINKEANG AND NANKING.\nOrigin Narrative, \nComcted from N, page 23. \ntold they had been alt engaged the day before, \nAll the time we were at Ching krang and Nonkin, \nand they appeared q te ignorant of what nu iven going on here. At the lone we left they lik \"wet board of the movements at Canton, \nA Cintonese \nwomen mentioned something about Cautos, which we did not onderzland. We were never askıd \n\n#### ADVERTISEMENTS.\n\n**WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.**\nLEA & PERRINS \nat their SALUK which \nsatened in India, \nby \nBay, noe Tat Joanable wo well she LA BANTA Chan \n. والكتير هز \nWORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE. \nPERRINA \nyaz, and riker Out \ndily by far gymploye dealers in Sau Or the 2003 ore 224 K \nKenchaista Linivan \nFOR SALE.\n\nTHE HOUSE GROUND on Inland LOT \nNr. 306-comer of Hollywood Roni and Cir alar Busitings. The House is well brill, with Five Large Reons, The Godowns adapted for the storage of Dry Goods. For full particulars, apply in CHUN APNG, at the Feessa Hong, Botha's Strand or by later, addressed \"C.,\" at the China Mail Oce. \nHongkong 15th November, 1856.\n\nJUST RECEIVED. \n散芳園 \n大水坑口 \n兹者上海 \nmud for Sale by the undersigned, \n120 Tins Warm CRACKERS. \nTHOMAS HUNT & OL Hongkong, 2nd January, 1857.\n\nRECEIVED per Arganout,” and for Salo by \nthe undersignal, 600 Barrels Fresh Gallego FLOUR. \nTHOMAS HUNT & Co. Hongkong, 20th January, 1957.\n\nDECEIVED per late nerival, and For Sale by \nthe undersigand,—- \n109 Packages American PORK. \n150 Banels Gallego FLOUR 1000 Bags California to \nTUOMAS HENT & Co. \nHongkong, fih January, 1857.\n\n**CIRCULAR.**\nTHE undersigned, Proprietor of the FRENCH BREAD COMPANY, respectfully gives notice to the community of Victoria, that ho has engaged an ExorsAN BAK, and is consequence of the Bligh wages, and dearness of Flour, will ↑ Charge, from this date, TWELVE CENTS per four. \nN. BOULLE. Hengitong, 24th January, 1857.\n\n**ADVERTISEMENT.**\nA Respectable Chinese, having his family in the Colony, is desirous of otiring cimployment at a Comprador, or Office Copyist. Apply at this \nHongkong, 10th January, 1857, \nObce.\n\n**NOTICE.**\nwater, this would become heurt aortow and should be carefully guarded aguest. In curefully coming here; there are the means of preventing the guarding, tho treimenos mest in hindered fron evt. I have thus respeedfully laid this part of may views before you for consideration; \nSending so many slits from your honorable country such a distance across the steep, or, Now, when without soutiers sufficient, they would be rady at hand,-when without supplier, -supplies would be sent is. Chinn for several years in succession has been engaged in internal warfare the power of the country has become vitiated, and done away. Beyond the court the officers are with rat wbility; in the cabinet, there are no good and faithful misters; and this is the time for one of \nbeild up his fortune with true abilities not a pro- per feeling. Let such receive the teselligent with generosity and sincerity, treating them with respect; en there would be a general collecting to such as to a lender, like the water running down to the art. Where woult grief arise for is want of meri torious succes in the acquisition of territory la He teratasi \n\nPass & System Let there be an intelligen bes palice man in each divlaim of this city, tune with the Tuga in ezinining every Frange, has many oths, what age, and appeatability improve the opportunity to make bis Jack ance, writing it in n book, auf on the paza clarly etning the carer's height in feet and meter, his When going out and in, tot hus spend his pare appearance, oxide and surname, and residence. up his collar button; that it may at all times on exensoution be ascertained whether the proper pereus beurs it, in order to prasibu traitoreas en Seamen's Hospital.\n\n**SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL.**\nResident Surgen-RUNARD G. JACK, Esq. Consulting Surgeon-W. A. HARLAND, Esy., .. \"Tems & Aimsion. \nPublic Wards, -75 Cente per day, Intermediate Wands Dollar, Private Rooms 2 \nPatients are also admitted on Pepsi, at the \nfollowing rates, renewable une day previous to 10 \namcant deposited having been expended. \nPublic Warda - Intermo/tips-. \nPrivate Roms.. \nW15 \n- $20 630 \nThe Captains or Consignees of Vessel mnat ba sponsible for the expenses of Patients sent by thear so the Flaspiiri. \nNBA Hospital Bills to ho receipted by the Treasurer only.\n\n**WANTED.**\nin SH1 procending is SGAPORE \nroom at a cheap rate for fra Que to Five Finated Tons of Daal weight, consisting of foot square genio blocks froin Four in Six feet in length, which will be placed on board and taken out free of opens to the Ship. \nApply to \nWH. TARRANT. Hongkong, 27th January, 1857.\n\n**PUBLIO AUCTION.**\nTHE undersigned with call by Puncu Averian, \non \nMONDAY, \nthe 2nd day of February, 1857, \nat Noon, from the Godowns of Messia Scuserz3R \nectient locality. For particulars address Medicus&Co, for account of what it may concern, the fol Office of the Chins Mail.\" \nHanghong, 19th November, 1856.\n\n**STORAGE.**\nen moderate this, on board the \nHalk \" Ernan,\" lying of West Point Apply to the Proprietor \nTHOMAS ROBERTS. \nHongkong, 29th November, 1866.\n\n**A CARD.**\nF. FLACKHEAD, \nHONGKCAS. \nShip Chan-lice, Sailmaker and Qeneral Agent, \nCopper, Yellow Metal, and Zine Sheathing, always on hand. \nflongkong, 6th November, 1856.\n\n**NOTICE OF REMOVAL.**\nTHE undersigned begs to notify his friends and Captains in this Harbour that (on account of the dangers at Whampoa) he has removed his \nShip Chandlery Establishment to this Place, \nin the bay of Spring Gardens, and by strict attention to business hopes to obtain a share of the public patronage. \nF. BLACKBEAD. \nHongkong, 31st December, 1856.\n\n**SPRING GARDENS.**\nTHE undersigned have established themselves in \nHongkong as CARPENTERS and Shipwrights \nand are ready to undertake Work of every description. They have also on hand a large supply of MATERIAL for the Building and Repair of Ships; Likewise Sails of all sizes. \nBUYERS & Co. Hongkong, 1st January, 1857.\n\n**BROWN, JONES & Co.**\nUndertakers. \nMONUMENTS AND HEAD STONES, made in the best style, at the lowest possible charges. Apply to \nthe Sexton at the Courthouse.\n\n**ORIENTAL HOTEL.**\nN. E. on Praya Grande, Macao. THE WIDOW of FatosRICK Denver, begs to inform the community of Macao, Hongkong and the Consular Powers, that it is her intention carry on the business of her late Husband as heretofore, and she hopes that, with the best servants procurable at usual moderate charges, every satisfaction will be given to those honouring her establishment with their patronage. \nMacao, 24th January, 1857.\n\n**NEW ADVERTISEMENT.**\n**WANTED.**\nSECRETARY for the HONGKONG CLUB. Apply by letter directed to the General Committee. \nBy order, \nR. 1. CARVALHO, \nSecretary \nHongkong, 29th January, 1857.\n\n### Page 210\nPage 211", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 247993, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859", "page_number": 65, "title": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859", "content_text": "Page 72\n\nPreamble.\n\nAt the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 3rd day of March, 1859.\n\nPresent:\n\nThe Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nWHEREAS by an Act of Parliament, made and passed in the session of Parliament holden in the 6 & 7 Vict., c. 94, sixth and seventh years of the reign of Her Majesty, intituled \"An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual,\" it is, amongst other things, enacted, that it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy, any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath, or at any time hereafter may have, within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nTreaty with Japan,\n\n1858.\n\nAnd whereas a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce hath been agreed upon and concluded between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, which was signed by the respective Plenipotentiaries of their said Majesties on the twenty-sixth day of August last: And whereas, immediately upon and from the exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty, Her Majesty will have power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nCommencement of\n\nthis Order.\n\nInterpretation of\n\nterms.\n\nNow, therefore, in pursuance of the said Act, Her Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:\n\nI. This Order shall commence and take effect immediately upon and from the day of exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan.\n\nII. And it is further ordered, that, in the construction of this Order, the word \"Consul\" shall be construed to include all and every officer in Her Majesty's service, whether Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or person duly\n\n[113]\n\nPage B", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 248066, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859", "page_number": 138, "title": "CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859", "content_text": "21813/19\n\n145\n\nPreamble.\n\nWHEREAS by an Act of Parliament, made and passed in the session of Parliament holden in the 6 & 7 Vict., c. 94, sixth and seventh years of the reign of Her Majesty, intituled \"An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual,” it is, amongst other things, enacted, that it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy, any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath, or at any time hereafter may have, within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nTreaty with Japan, signed August 26, 1858.\n\nCommencement of this Order.\n\nInterpretation of terms.\n\nAnd whereas a Treaty of Peace, Friendship, and Commerce hath been agreed upon and concluded between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan, which was signed by the respective Plenipotentiaries of their said Majesties on the twenty-sixth day of August last: And whereas, immediately upon and from the exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty, Her Majesty will have power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan;\n\nNow, therefore, in pursuance of the said Act, Her Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:\n\nI. This Order shall commence and take effect immediately upon and from the day of exchange of the ratifications of the said Treaty between Her Majesty and His Majesty the Tycoon of Japan.\n\nII. And it is further ordered, that, in the construction of this Order, the word \"Consul\" shall be construed to include all and every officer in Her Majesty's service, whether Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or person duly...\n\n[113]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-075 - Public Offices - 1859.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 249258, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6]", "page_number": 448, "title": "CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6]", "content_text": "436\n\nOn the occasion of his retirement, the Governor has received a letter from the Senior Unofficial Member, Mr. H. E. Pollock, recommending that Mr. Mercer be allowed to retire on a pension.\n\nIt is stated that Mr. Mercer has conducted himself well in his duties and has been a faithful servant of the Government.\n\nHowever, it is noted that Mr. Mercer has only passed the lower standard in the Public Service Examination and has not undergone a significant amount of training.\n\nThe question is considered as to whether, under the circumstances of the case, the Secretary of State would grant Mr. Mercer a pension.\n\nIt is pointed out that granting a pension to Mr. Mercer would set a precedent for others in similar positions, and that there is a risk of creating a formidable Pension List.\n\nA comparison is made with other gentlemen in the department who are in good health and have been employed for a similar length of time, and it is suggested that they might be able and willing to continue in their duties.\n\nThe Duke of Devonshire has received a letter from Mr. Mercer requesting permission to retire on a pension, and has been informed that Mr. Mercer has served for 16 years.\n\nA memo from the Colonial Secretary's office, dated 25th August, is referenced, which discusses the pension entitlement of officers after 16 years of service.\n\nPage 437\n\n \n(The original text is heavily corrupted and contains many OCR errors. The above is a reconstructed version with minor corrections and formatting.)\n\n \nHowever, to follow the exact instructions given and avoid adding explanations or comments, the corrected version should be presented as follows, focusing on correcting spelling, spacing, and formatting issues directly related to the original text without adding new content or explanations:\n\n436\n\nhallow hei retirement. From the Beniler\n\nsee\n\nthat he is a featherman\n\n& education & has conducted.\n\non 7129/19 - you of chilly\n\nante\n\nheinrely\n\nwell.\n\nErivy Counduation\n\nState\n\nthenson desenray of\n\nfrom\n\nBut it munt.\n\nthie Sanitary off\n\nbe borne in mind but\n\ntein och 39 gear of agen\n\nhas only the pass serie\n\na bit the hei wat\n\nto\n\nFir H. Robinson.\n\nNewcastle.\n\nThe Duke of 1.70-\n\nReceived\n\n/ Inclosure.\n\nfrom Mr. Mercer of r. permission\n\nRecommending application\n\nto retire on a\n\nfitting pension\n\nor\n\nany\n\ntutive is not conquent\n\nfailure of health, a from want\n\n& lower to perform Zii datus\n\na\n\nEfferently\n\ndr\n\nLe has\n\na\n\nrundice of sogears years in\n\ncannel-be undergone\n\nwithout more\n\na\n\nalef\n\nwean a kam\n\non the\n\nCom litution\n\nfor ther\n\nItal, until it was abolerbed\n\nLand\n\ncontubated\n\nhad annually ation Frond - Then again\n\nmust be remanland bil\n\nabsturbed M. Herrer\n\n6. the Saferannua\n\nJa.\n\nac\n\nagainst\n\nthescer it\n\nallow\n\na\n\nprecedent for\n\nPelli\n\nPrusion abilit\n\nJou\n\nin good health, & after 16 year service, pu\n\nsunt be prefered bi- lock forward, mal- the\n\nbitants performed bestally,\n\nOn the other Lawr\n\nPie R. Roger 25. Aly.\n\nM. Inevier the Clernal Sentary offliès\n\nti utive o\n\nafter 16 gears Service\n\n£1200.\n\nThe question.\n\nCon.\n\nsidered in whether under\n\nthe arrumtames of\n\nthe cave\n\nthe Seaconany\n\nPuccion\n\nSalary\n\n27\n\nthere in no dow\n\nto a formidable Pension Lust-\n\nour\n\ncompore d\n\n7\n\nGentleman\n\nin the ipogent\n\nother\n\nmy\n\nsee sofather health a mergials, & filled for\n\nactive employment they might be able than & be willing to ampt.\n\nmended\n\nany", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 250251, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860", "page_number": 401, "title": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860", "content_text": "399\n\nDescription of Pekin. From Du Halde's China 1735.\n\nPekin or Chun Tien You is the Capital of the province of Pe-iche-le and is the ordinary residence of the Emperor and seat of the central government.\n\nIt is situated in a very fertile plain, about twenty leagues from the great wall.\n\nThe Imperial residence used to be at Nankin which signifies \"Court of the South\", it was transported to Pekin (translated Court of the North) in order to bring the seat of government and Head Quarters of the Military Forces into the Northern Provinces, these being continually harassed by the incursions of the restless and warlike Tartars.\n\nThe city itself is of a square form and consists of two divisions—that which contains the Emperor's palace is called \"Sin Ichin\" or new town, it is also termed the Tartar town, because the houses in it are occupied by the Tartars belonging to the Imperial Establishment.\n\nThe other division is termed \"Lao Ichin\" or old town and is inhabited almost exclusively by Chinese, these latter were driven from the new town at the time of the Tartar conquest, and many of them obliged to leave the country entirely, as the Tartars not only took possession of the whole of the new town, which was built about the year 1400, in the reign of the Emperor Yung-lo; but they also appropriated the whole of the land with the towns situated upon it within a certain radius of the City.\n\nThe Conquerors distributed these domains among their followers, granting them at the same time perpetual...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 252263, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-083 - Public Offices - 1861", "page_number": 89, "title": "CO129-083 - Public Offices - 1861", "content_text": "# AGE 86\n\n## Preamble\n\nAt the Court at Buckingham Palace, the 23rd day of January, 1860.\n\nPresent:\n\nThe Queen's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nWHEREAS by an Act of Parliament, made and passed in the session of Parliament holden in the 6 & 7 Vict., c. 94, sixth and seventh years of the reign of Her Majesty, intituled **An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual**, it is, amongst other things, enacted, that it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy, any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath, or at any time hereafter may have, within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\n1859.\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan: And whereas Her Majesty was pleased, on the third day of March, A.D. 1859, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to issue a certain Order for the exercise of the said power and jurisdiction:\n\nAnd whereas it is expedient at the present time to make further provision for the due exercise of the jurisdiction possessed by Her Majesty, as aforesaid, in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nNow, therefore, in pursuance of the above-recited Act of Parliament, Her Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order; and it is hereby ordered as follows:-\n\n## Repeal of Order in Council\n\nI. The above-recited Order of the third day of March, A.D. 1859, shall be, and the same is hereby revoked and cancelled, save and except as to all acts, matters, and things, heretofore duly done under and in conformity with the said Order, or which hereafter be duly done under and in conformity with the same, previously to the day next succeeding the day on which this Order shall be received by the Consul-General in Japan.\n\nmay \n\n[83] \n\nB \n\nI", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-083 - Public Offices - 1861.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 257336, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10]", "page_number": 272, "title": "CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10]", "content_text": "About the bout I also collect that men\n\nwhich was\n\nFell refuted this aspect not that the contrary carry\n\nbut it is probable daily\n\nprobable dally, but that the\n\nation\n\nthat information\n\n...\n\nwas bold afforded span for 100 persons\n\nalso best plate wilfully\n\non this point will the smaller recount in\n\nExceeded, but you do\n\nthe state what\n\nthe proceedings the hunter plans\n\nbe found\n\nbefore the Coroner's\n\nthe\n\nin board.\n\nAnd\n\nConquest another Dicap\n\ninquest, copies of Fraz\n\nare\n\ncould much\n\nthat number Excite The infor\n\npromised 50 or 60.\n\nwhich\n\nby\n\nsome dispatch.\n\nAs from it does\n\nnot appear,\n\nin fact\n\nthat\n\nthe accident arose\n\nfrom such crowding\n\nis the imperfect.\n\n268\n\nAnd as I am really\n\nin doubt that precautions\n\n& Judgment\n\nsuch\n\nan occurrence\n\naccident\n\nwill have been taken\n\nI do not consider\n\nit necessary\n\njourney the\n\nany further\n\nsug...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 257607, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "page_number": 164, "title": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863", "content_text": "4478\n\nTHE LONDON GAZETTE, SEPTEMBER 15, 1863.\n\nbefore any of the said Consuls, be punishable by a fine, not exceeding two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment, for a term not exceeding one calendar month; and, in addition to such punishment, every such person shall be bound to find good and sufficient security, to the satisfaction of the Consul, for his future good behaviour; and, in the event of his failing so to do, it shall be lawful for the said Consul, at any time afterwards, to cause him to be again sent out of the dominions of the Kings of Siam, in the manner provided by the said Order in Council of the twenty-eighth day of July, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-six.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nfailing so to do, it shall be lawful for the said Consul at any time afterwards to cause him to be again sent out of the dominions of the Emperor of China, in the manner by the said Orders in Council of the thirteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, respectively, provided in that behalf.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nAt the Court at Windsor, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nAt the Court at Windsor, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nWHEREAS by two several Orders of Her Majesty in Council for the government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within any ship or vessel at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, bearing date the thirteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven, respectively, Her Majesty was pleased (amongst other things) to give authority to any of Her Majesty's Consuls within the dominions of the Emperor of China to cause any British subject, who after having been twice convicted of, and punished for, any crime or offence, shall not be able to find good and sufficient security for his good behaviour, or who may be convicted before such Consul of any of certain particular crimes therein enumerated, to be sent out of the dominions of the Emperor of China, in the manner therein mentioned:\n\nAnd whereas it is expedient to make further provision against the return of any such British subject so sent out of the dominions of the Emperor of China as aforesaid:\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty by virtue of all powers enabling Her in this behalf, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered as follows:—\n\nI. It shall not be lawful for any person who shall hereafter be sent out of the dominions of the Emperor of China by any of Her Majesty's Consuls within the said dominions under and by virtue of the authority given to such Consuls by the said Orders in Council of the thirteenth day of June, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-three, and the second day of February, one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven respectively, or under and by virtue of this present Order, afterwards to return to, and again take up his abode within, any part of the said dominions, without Her Majesty's permission, to be signified in writing by one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.\n\nII. If any such person shall return to, and take up his abode within, any part of the said dominions contrary to this present Order, he shall, if duly summoned to appear and answer for so doing before any of the said Consuls, be punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment, for a term not exceeding one calendar month; and, in addition to such punishment, every such person shall be bound to find good and sufficient security, to the satisfaction of the Consul, for his future good behaviour; and, in the event of his\n\nWHEREAS by an Act of the Session of Parliament held in the sixth and seventh years of Her Majesty's reign, intituled \"An Act to remove doubts as to the exercise of power and jurisdiction by Her Majesty within divers countries and places out of Her Majesty's dominions, and to render the same more effectual,\" it is enacted (amongst other things), that it is and shall be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty now hath, or at any time hereafter may have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty hath power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased on the twenty-third day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to issue a certain Order for the exercise of the said power and jurisdiction, whereby (amongst other things) authority is given to any of Her Majesty's Consuls within the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan; to cause any British subject, who after having been twice convicted of, and punished for, any crime or offence, shall not be able to find good and sufficient security for his good behaviour, or who may be convicted before such Consul of any of certain particular crimes therein enumerated, to be sent out of the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan, in the manner therein mentioned:\n\nAnd whereas it is expedient to make further provision against the return of any such British subject so sent out of the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan as aforesaid:\n\nNow, therefore, in pursuance of the above recited Act of Parliament, Her Majesty is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered as follows:--\n\nI. It shall not be lawful for any person who shall hereafter be sent out of the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan by any of Her Majesty's Consuls within the said dominions, under and by virtue of the authority given to such Consuls by the said Order in Council of the twenty-third day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty, or under and by virtue of this present Order, afterwards to return to, and again take up his abode within, any part of the said dominions, without Her Majesty's express permission, to be signified in writing by one of Her Majesty's Principal Secretaries of State.\n\nII. If any such person shall return to, and take up his abode within, any part of the said dominions, contrary to this present Order, he shall, if duly\n\nTHE LONDON GAZETTE, SEPTEMBER 15, 1863.\n\n4479\n\nsummoned to appear and answer for so doing before any of the said Consuls, be punishable by a fine not exceeding two hundred dollars, or by imprisonment, for a term not exceeding one calendar month; and, in addition to such punishment, every such person shall be bound to find good and sufficient security, to the satisfaction of the Consul, for his future good behaviour; and, in the event of his failing so to do, it shall be lawful for the said Consul at any time afterwards to cause him to be again sent out of the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan, in the manner provided by the said Order in Council of the twenty-third day of January, one thousand eight hundred and sixty.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nAt the Court at Windsor, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council.\n\nWHEREAS by the 332nd section of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, it is enacted that it shall be lawful for any pilotage authority by bye-law, made with the consent of Her Majesty in Council, to exempt the masters of any ships, or of any classes of ships, from being compelled to employ qualified pilots, and to annex any terms or conditions to such exemptions, and to revise and extend any exemptions now existing, by virtue of this Act, or any other Act of Parliament, law, or charter, or by usage upon such terms and conditions and in such manner as may appear desirable to such authority;\n\nAnd whereas by the 136th section of the Clyde Navigation Consolidation Act, 1858, it was (among other things) provided that it should not be lawful for any person to navigate without a pilot, or for any person except the pilots licensed by the then existing pilotage authorities, or by the Pilot Board, as therein provided, to act in piloting any vessel exceeding sixty tons burthen in any part of the River Clyde, as defined by that Act; and that every person navigating or piloting or attempting to navigate or pilot any vessel exceeding the said burthen in any part of the river, without being so licensed, should be liable to the penalty therein mentioned; And whereas the Pilot Board, constituted by the Clyde Navigation Consolidation Act, 1858, being the pilotage authority for the River Clyde within the meaning of the first recited Act, have made and submitted to Her Majesty in Council a bye-law, a copy of which is set forth in the schedule hereunto annexed; And whereas it has been made to appear to Her Majesty that the said bye-law is reasonable and proper;\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty by virtue of the power vested in Her by the said first recited Act, and by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, is pleased to approve of, and doth hereby approve of, and signify Her consent to the said bye-law as a bye-law of the said Pilot Board, with respect to the piloting of vessels in the River Clyde.\n\nArthur Helps.\n\nSCHEDULE to which the foregoing Order refers.\n\n \n From and after the expiration of one calendar month next after the publication in the London Gazette of the Order signifying the consent of Her Majesty in Council to this bye-law, notwithstanding anything in section 136, or any other provision of\n \n\nAt the Court at Windsor, the 12th day of September, 1863.\n\nPRESENT,\n\nThe QUEEN's Most Excellent Majesty in Council\n\nWHEREAS by the 333rd Section of the Merchant Shipping Act, 1854, it is enacted that, subject to the provisions contained in the fifth part of that Act, it shall be lawful for every pilotage authority, by bye-law, made with the consent of Her Majesty, to do within its districts all or any of the things specified in that behalf in the said section, and to repeal or alter any bye-law made in exercise of the above powers, and to make a new bye-law in lieu thereof: and whereas the Corporation of the Guild or Brotherhood of Masters and Pilots Seamen of the Trinity House in Kingston-upon-Hull, being a pilotage authority within the aforesaid provision, made certain bye-laws with respect to pilotage by Masters and Mates of ships, in the districts of the said\n\nHer Majesty, that the said new bye-law is reasonable and proper;", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 263421, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-108 - Public Offices - 1865", "page_number": 124, "title": "CO129-108 - Public Offices - 1865", "content_text": "# ISI\n\n## 122\n\n### 2\n\nAnd whereas by The Foreign Jurisdiction Act it was enacted (among other things) that it was and should be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty then had or might at any time thereafter have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty has had and now has power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Emperor of China and in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased from time to time, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, by Orders in Council of the several dates in the Schedule to this Order specified, to ordain laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, and to make provision for the exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid in the dominions of the Emperor of China and of the Tycoon of Japan respectively.\n\nAnd whereas it has seemed to Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to be expedient at the present time to revise the provisions of the said Orders, and to ordain further and other laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within such ships or vessels as aforesaid, and to make further and other provision for the due exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid, and particularly for the more regular and efficient administration of justice among Her Majesty's subjects resident in or resorting to the dominions of the Emperor of China or of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas, under the authority of provisions in this behalf in the first-recited Act contained, ordinances for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, have been from time to time made by the Superintendent of the Trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China (such Superintendent being also the Governor of Hong Kong), with the advice of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, which ordinances are known as Consular Ordinances:\n\nAnd whereas such of those Consular Ordinances as are described in the Schedule to this Order are now in force, wholly or in part, but they are liable to repeal by Order of Her Majesty in Council, and it is expedient that they be repealed, such of their provisions as are not intended to be abrogated being consolidated with this Order:\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the powers in this behalf by the first-recited Act and The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, or either of them, or otherwise, in Her vested, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:-\n\n## I. PRELIMINARY\n\n1. This Order may be cited as **The China and Japan Order in Council, 1865**.\n\n2. In this Order-\n\n| Term | Meaning |\n| --- | --- |\n| \"China\" | the dominions of the Emperor of China: |\n| \"Japan\" | the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan: |\n| \"Minister\" | the superior diplomatic representative of Her Majesty for the time being, whether Ambassador, Envoy, Minister Plenipotentiary, or Chargé d'Affaires: |\n| \"Chief Superintendent of Trade\" | the Superintendent of the trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China for the time being, or any person for the time being authorized to act as such: |\n| \"Consular Officer\" | includes every officer in Her Majesty's Consular Service, whether Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or person authorized to act in any such capacity in China or in Japan: |\n| \"British vessel\" | includes every vessel being a British ship within the meaning of `The Merchant...` |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-108 - Public Offices - 1865.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 263807, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865", "page_number": 81, "title": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865", "content_text": "# \nAnd whereas by The Foreign Jurisdiction Act it was enacted (among other things) that it was and should be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty then had or might at any time thereafter have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty has had and now has jurisdiction in the dominions of the Emperor of China and in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased from time to time, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, by Orders in Council of the several dates in the Schedule to this Order specified, to ordain laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, and to make provision for the exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid in the dominions of the Emperor of China and of the Tycoon of Japan respectively.\n\nAnd whereas it has seemed to Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to be expedient at the present time to revise the provisions of the said Orders, and to ordain further and other laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within such ships or vessels as aforesaid, and to make further and other provision for the due exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid, and particularly for the more regular and efficient administration of justice among Her Majesty's subjects resident in or resorting to the dominions of the Emperor of China or of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas, under the authority of provisions in this behalf in the first-recited Act contained, ordinances for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, have been from time to time made by the Superintendent of the Trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China (such Superintendent being also the Governor of Hong Kong), with the advice of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, which ordinances are known as Consular Ordinances:\n\nAnd whereas such of those Consular Ordinances as are described in the Schedule to this Order are now in force, wholly or in part, but they are liable to repeal by Order of Her Majesty in Council, and it is expedient that they be repealed, such of their provisions as are not intended to be abrogated being consolidated with this Order:\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the powers in this behalf by the first-recited Act and The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, or either of them, or otherwise, in Her vested, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:-\n\n## 1-PRELIMINARY\n\n1. This Order may be cited as **The China and Japan Order in Council, 1865**.\n\n2. In this Order-\n\n| Term | Meaning |\n| --- | --- |\n| \"China\" | the dominions of the Emperor of China |\n| \"Japan\" | the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan |\n| \"Minister\" | the superior diplomatic representative of Her Majesty for the time being, whether Ambassador, Envoy, Minister Plenipotentiary, or Chargé d'Affaires |\n| \"Chief Superintendent of Trade\" | the Superintendent of the trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China for the time being, or any person for the time being authorized to act as such |\n| \"Consular Officer\" | every officer in Her Majesty's Consular Service, whether Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or person authorized to act in any such capacity in China or in Japan |\n| \"British vessel\" | every vessel being a British ship within the meaning of `The Merchant...` |\n\nPage 3\n79", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 265486, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-112 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1866 [3-4]", "page_number": 406, "title": "CO129-112 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1866 [3-4]", "content_text": "\"Connect or other similar Body respectively, and to acquaint you that I consider that the practice, which exists in other Colonies, of administering an oath of Office to Government officials should be extended to the Colony under your administration.\n\nThe enclosed Paper is a very proper Form for that purpose. I consider it wise to put the whole subject of official oaths under Examination; in the form of oath now in use with Admissions.\n\nI now quote the instructions that were given after the termination of the Carnarvon Committee enquiry. If instructions are to be of much use, it is a conquest that reconsideration...\n\nPage 5 of 4\n\n...HMG oath shall be its upshot. The result of Enquiry. I am pointing out such conclusions as Minister avows it is a conquest that teconsideration.\"", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-112 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1866 [3-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 267213, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]", "page_number": 158, "title": "CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12]", "content_text": "Sum of 1100 this blank drafter\n\nat the disposal of the Governor for the purpose of conquest and this\n\nat housings for Adriana people\n\nto connect this\n\nFilony (206 of 166)\n\nfor the better regulation\n\naccount of certain Sepoys\n\nrequiring...\n\n156\n\nthe Harbour\n\nof Hong Kong, being part\n\nof a scheme elaborated\n\nfor the suppression of Piracy.\n\nSame & request\n\nall laid then\n\nduly before the Lord\n\nlow the It with Session of Land Commission\n\nfusion till the Master of the Junk\n\nshall be brought to trial\n\nPage 16\n\nNote that I've followed the instructions to correct spelling errors, fix spacing issues, and rejoin broken sentences while preserving the original content and structure as much as possible. I've also output the result in HTML format using `` tags. However, I didn't include the original \"Page 16\" lines as they were not exactly six lines. If you would like me to include them, please let me know.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-116 - Sir MacDonnell - 1866 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 273544, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-129 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [1-3]", "page_number": 353, "title": "CO129-129 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [1-3]", "content_text": "would in no way benefit pecuniarily by any seizures they might effect, and that the co-operation of our Naval Forces was solely to strengthen the hands of the Chinese Authorities until they were in a position to equip a steam fleet of their own.\n\n12. \nIt would be well to impress at a future time that such a step has now become a stern necessity, not merely to preserve good order on the Chinese Coast, but in self-defence against a country like Japan, where a powerful Army and Navy has been organized on the European system, and the rulers already speak of foreign conquest, commencing, it is said, with the Island of Formosa.\n\n13. \nIn conclusion, I have to thank Your Excellency for the helpful Memorandum you were good enough to furnish me with, containing a précis of the steps already taken to urge upon the Government of China the necessity of disarming and registering trading junks. I trust the time is approaching when your energetic and able efforts in this direction will be crowned with success. You may always rely on my hearty co-operation in this...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-129 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 274504, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7]", "page_number": 139, "title": "CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7]", "content_text": "## BOLETIM DA PROVINCIA DE MACAU E TIMOR\nSabbado 23 de maio de 1868\n\n### PARTE OFFICIAL\n\nO GOVERNADOR da Provincia de Macau e Timor, em Conselho, determina o seguinte:\n\nConsiderando na conveniencia que resulta de por a legislação policial d'esta Colonia em harmonia com a legislação respectiva da Colonia ingleza e da Provincia da China mais visinha de Macau;\n\nConsiderando quanto ha de justo e salutar na medida ultimamente adoptada pelo chefe da Provincia de Cantão, de accordo com as auctoridades inglezas, de prohibir que os juncos que se empreguem no mister da pesca, andem, sub color de protegerem a sua industria, armados e promptos para se volverem em barcos de piratas, quando as circumstancias lhes proporcionam o ensejo: e bem assim que as forças que traficam no commercio usem de panellas de mixto e outros projectis mais proprios para o ataque do que para a defesa, a que só se deverão limitar, e isso mesmo em circumstancias extremas;\n\nConsiderando que semelhantes regras policiaes tornando mais efficaz o serviço dos crusadores n'estes mares, tendem tambem a combater, no interesse da civilisação e do trabalho honesto, os que á sombra da impunidade e pelo auxilio de meios de combate até agora permittidos, se exercitam, ou poderiam vir a exercitar-se em actos tão condemnaveis quanto revoltantes de pirataria:\n\nHei por conveniente, ouvidas as estações competentes da Colonia, determinar o seguinte:\n\n1. Que a contar do dia 20 de julho do corrente anno em diante nenhum junco china, dos que pertencem a esta Colonia, e que se empregam no tráfego da pesca, possa andar armado e artilhado ou apercebido por qualquer modo para o combate, na certeza de que todo e qualquer d'elles que for encontrado depois da epoca estipulada, em contravenção d'esta ordem, será aprisionado e confiscado com todos os effeitos juridicos, em conformidade das leis portuguezas.\n\n2. Hei por conveniente prohibir o uso das panellas de mixto nas forças que se empregam na navegação costeira; permittindo-se-lhes apenas, e por emquanto, o andarem armadas e artilhadas, em attenção ao subido valor das mercadorias que muitas vezes transportam, e ás necessidades em que ainda se encontram de terem que defender-se dos ataques dos piratas.\n\n3. Que a fim de tornar efficaz esta determinação, e no interesse especial d'aquelles a quem ella se dirige, sejam registrados e classificados, e convenientemente numerados, sem perda de tempo, na repartição da Capitania do Porto d'esta cidade, e na dos portos da Taipa e Colovan, todos os juncos, lorebas e taumões, que pertencerem a Macau e suas dependencias; devendo os capitães de taes navios munir-se, para sua segurança e mais effeitos, d'um Passe assignado pelos chefes das repartições indicadas, onde se ache consignado, com toda a clareza e exactidão, o numero e especie de navio, a sua tonelagem, numero de armas e peças, e emfim a sua occupação e trato.\n\n4. O Capitão do Porto de Macau, e o commandante dos districtos da Taipa e Colovan requisitarão pelas repartições competentes o que julgarem necessario para o bom e prompto desempenho d'este serviço.\n\n5. Que taes Passes sejam dados gratuitamente aos interessados, enquanto se não estabelecer com um caracter definitivo e permanente n'esta Colonia uma repartição de registro de embarcações.\n\nAs autoridades a quem o conhecimento e execução d'esta pertencer assim o tenham entendido e cumpram.\n\nMacau 18 de maio de 1868.\n\n**José Maria da Ponte e Horta, Governador de Macau e Timor**\n\nIn 8342/68!!! \n\n135 \nthe disarmament of Chinese junks - a precedent of which will show that, at no time I have come to the determination of establishing, experimentally as a first step, a Registry in Chinese junks belonging to this Harbour. \n\nA book Preserve your Shellena. \n\nMacau, 12th June, 1868. \n\nConquest) Das Maria de Poutre borta, Governo & Macas and Finen. \n\n(True Translation.) (Signed.) L. L'Alunda e Castro.\n\n## DA BOLETIM PROVINCIA DE MACAU E TIMOR \n... (content already presented above)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 288842, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "page_number": 215, "title": "CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12]", "content_text": "3\n\n213\n\nAnd whereas by The Foreign Jurisdiction Act it was enacted (among other things) that it was and should be lawful for Her Majesty to hold, exercise, and enjoy any power or jurisdiction which Her Majesty then had or might at any time thereafter have within any country or place out of Her Majesty's dominions, in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired such power or jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty has had and now has power and jurisdiction in the dominions of the Emperor of China and in the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty was pleased from time to time, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, by Orders in Council of the several dates in the Schedule to this Order specified, to ordain laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, and to make provision for the exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid in the dominions of the Emperor of China and of the Tycoon of Japan respectively.\n\nAnd whereas it has seemed to Her Majesty, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to be expedient at the present time to revise the provisions of the said Orders, and to ordain further and other laws and ordinances for the better government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within such ships or vessels as aforesaid, and to make further and other provision for the due exercise of Her Majesty's power and jurisdiction aforesaid, and particularly for the more regular and efficient administration of justice among Her Majesty's subjects resident in or resorting to the dominions of the Emperor of China or of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nAnd whereas, under the authority of provisions in this behalf in the first-recited Act contained, ordinances for the peace, order, and good government of Her Majesty's subjects being within the dominions of the Emperor of China, or being within certain ships or vessels at a distance of not more than one hundred miles from the coast of China, have been from time to time made by the Superintendent of the Trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China (such Superintendent being also the Governor of Hong Kong), with the advice of the Legislative Council of Hong Kong, which ordinances are known as Consular Ordinances:\n\nAnd whereas such of those Consular Ordinances as are described in the Schedule to this Order are now in force, wholly or in part, but they are liable to repeal by Order of Her Majesty in Council, and it is expedient that they be repealed, such of their provisions as are not intended to be abrogated being consolidated with this Order:\n\nNow, therefore, Her Majesty, by virtue of the powers in this behalf by the first-recited Act and The Foreign Jurisdiction Act, or either of them, or otherwise, in Her vested, is pleased, by and with the advice of Her Privy Council, to order, and it is hereby ordered, as follows:\n\nI.-PRELIMINARY.\n\n1. This Order may be cited as The China and Japan Order in Council, 1865.\n\n2. In this Order-\n\nThe term \"China\" means the dominions of the Emperor of China:\n\nThe term \"Japan\" means the dominions of the Tycoon of Japan:\n\nThe term \"Minister\" means the superior diplomatic representative of Her Majesty for the time being, whether Ambassador, Envoy, Minister Plenipotentiary, or Chargé d'Affaires:\n\nThe term \"Chief Superintendent of Trade\" means the Superintendent of the trade of Her Majesty's subjects in China for the time being, or any person for the time being authorized to act as such:\n\nThe term \"Consular Officer\" includes every officer in Her Majesty's Consular Service, whether Consul-General, Consul, Vice-Consul, or Consular Agent, or person authorized to act in any such capacity in China or in Japan:\n\nThe term \"British vessel\" includes every vessel being a British ship within the meaning of The Merchant...\n\nA 3", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-159 - Sir Kennedy - 1872 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 292820, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "page_number": 250, "title": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "content_text": "any such law. \n\nmade by Her Majesty in Council for \n\nordinance \n\ncould be \n\nheld to exercise \n\njurisdiction \n\nshould be lawful for Her Majesty \n\nand enjoy \n\na new \n\nwhich Her Majesty \n\nit \n\n248 \n\nto \n\nPower \n\nther had \n\nor might at any \n\ntime \n\n2. \n\ncountry \n\nthe \n\nHer Majesty's subject government of \n\nHer Majesty, Island of being within \n\nAnd whereas another \n\nHongkong \n\nAct of Parliament was passed in \n\nsession (Chapter minute four) \"to renew \n\ndoubt \n\n\"Exercise of Rowe, \n\nmade \n\nto the \n\nand jurisdiction \n\n\"by Her Majesty within divers countries \n\n\"and places out of Her Majesty's \n\nDominions \n\nand render \n\nthe same \n\nthereafter have within any \n\nor Place out of Her Majesty's dominion \n\nin the \n\nmanner \n\nSame \n\nacquired \n\nas \n\nand \n\nas a rule \n\nif Her Majesty \n\na \n\nhad \n\nsuch Power derisdiction \n\nby the cession \n\nor conquest of territory \n\nAnd whereas Her Majesty has had \n\nand \n\nnow has power \n\nand jurisdiction \n\nIf \n\nE \n\n\"more effectual \n\n...\n \nwhich \n\nAct s \n\nhereinafter \n\nJurisdiction Act \n\nCalled \n\nThe Foreign \n\nJurisdiction Act \n\nAnd \n\nWhereas \n\nby \n\nthe Foreign \n\nJurisdiction \n\n(among \n\nother things) it was enacted that it was and \n\nin the Dominions of the Emperor \n\nof China \n\nand in the Dominions and in the \n\n(decoon of Japan. And Whereas \n\nthe \n\nLaw \n\nHer Majesty was pleased from time to time by and with the advice \n\nof Her Privy \n\nCouncil by Orders \n\nin \n\nCouncil to declare what \n\nshould be considered as part of Her Majesty's jurisdiction.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 293082, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "page_number": 512, "title": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "content_text": "The discovery of a Treaty, it had on the contrary led him to doubt whether he had not gone too far when he had spoken to me on the 12th of arrangements made between France & Annam in 1875. He said that in fact in order to find a Treaty it was necessary to go back to the original conquest of Saigon in 1859. He admitted that there seemed to be very little definite information at the Ministry Office with regard to a new Treaty, the negotiations for which had been so long pending; and he added confidentially that with a view to clearing up matters, it was intended to appoint at once a successor to Rear Admiral Dupré, the present Governor of Saigon, whose term of office was about to expire.\n\nI confessed to the Duc Decazes that what he had now told me had not at all cleared up the confusion which had existed in my mind, but that on the contrary I was more puzzled than before. Ah, he replied, that he could not be surprised at this, as he was himself exactly in the same position.\n\nI do not know whether in fact the Treaty mentioned to Governor Sir Arthur Kennedy, both by the acting French Consul at Hong Kong and the Annamese Minister...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 293083, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "page_number": 513, "title": "CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873", "content_text": "Minister of Marine can be one dating from the original conquest glaison.\n\nI have seen \n(signed) Lymes \nAWOW \nglong đong \nFONO 13838 \ne or Individual.\n\nOffice Closing Date. \n1873 \n30 \nprevious Paper \n(Subject.) \nDOMESTIC. \n510 \nヒル \n0.0. \n31 DEC \n1873 \nClosing of Emigration from Macao. \nReply \nima \nIncluse referred \n(Minutes,) \n\nA telegrams to this effect appeared in the Juices of this day - Irising out the #1 17 \nMnr Meade \n11/1/74 \n:circulate and pushing \nNr 4/1 Rm 3/1 K4 \nParis Dec 19, 173 \nno 1060 \nLord Zyour", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-166 - Public Offices & Others - 1873.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294877, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "page_number": 101, "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "content_text": "He said contained the intelligence received by the French boat, and he proceeded to read it to me. It was (he told me) a telegram from Admiral Dupré, dated at Saigon on the 7th of last month, on the eve of his departure for Europe.\n\nOn the 14th of his departure for Europe.\n\nThe Conditions of the Treaty (As stated in it) appeared to be that the Sovereignty of France over Saigon and the six Provinces should be recognized; that provision should be made for the payment of an indemnity due to Spain; that arrangements should be established for the treatment of Islands in Conformity with the wishes of the Missionaries; and that a place, the name of which sounded like Hainan, as well as a port in Tongking not named, and a river designated as \"the Fleuve de la mer de Chine\" should be opened to Foreign Commerce. The telegram added that a Treaty would be sent on receipt of further instructions and full powers from France, and mentioned that two steamers of five hundred horse power each had been presented by Admiral Dupré to Annam as a present from France.\n\nThe Duc Decazes observed that the six provinces over which the Sovereignty was recognized were those which formed the original French Conquest. He said that the indemnity to Spain was an old claim, of which France had long been trying to obtain a settlement. As to the term \"opened to Foreign Commerce\", he believed it meant \"opened on equal terms to all nations\". He said that undoubtedly this was to be understood to be the case.\n\nI have the honour to return herewith 4 of the three printed papers which were enclosed in your Despatch. The Duc Decazes said in conclusion that the instructions which had been given to the Chief of the proposed Council \"Healy\" were simply that it should be framed on the basis of securing...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-169 - Others - 1874.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294881, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "page_number": 105, "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "content_text": "## little Body of Troops, M. Garnier \n\nSoon caused our (the French) Sovereignty to be recognized in the 6 Provinces of Tonquin, numbering some 3,000,000 inhabitants.\n\nWith reference to my Desps. Nos. 388, 389, both of the day before yesterday, I may observe that the passage I have just quoted would certainly give the impression that the sovereignty of France over the 6 provinces mentioned has been recognized by a Treaty between France & Annam, & that there are not some provinces which formed part of the original French Conquest.\n\nI may take this opportunity of mentioning that since I wrote those Desps. it has occurred to me that Hanoi may have been the place to be opened to British Commerce, the name of which, I find, sounded like \"Mainam\".\n\nI will not fail to refer to Sir D.B. Robertson's Desps. by the French Maps.\n\nI have etc.\n\n(27) Lyon", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-169 - Others - 1874.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294893, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "page_number": 117, "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "content_text": "it might lead to a large and flourishing trade. I asked the Duke what the Admiral said about the political Treaty which he had I presumed brought home with him.\n\nDupré Hr. answered that Admiral's account of this Treaty agreed entirely with that which had been received by telegraph, and which he had communicated to me before the Admiral's arrival. I had in my Despatch No. 388 of the 17th ult. the honor to report to Y.E. what the Duke had told me respecting the terms of this Treaty. In answer to questions from me the Duke answered me -positively- that neither the Treaty already concluded nor the Treaty in contemplation, would confer upon France any Exclusive Commercial privileges, that no sovereignty or protectorate over any portion of Tongking beyond that which had formed part of the original conquests was conferred upon France, that her Sovereignty over the original conquest was simply recognized as legitimate; and that France and Annam mutually agreed", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-169 - Others - 1874.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294905, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "page_number": 129, "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874", "content_text": "Puissance que le France.\n\nThe Duke Decazes said that he did not believe that the Treaty contained a stipulation to that effect. On the contrary, the whole object of it was to keep France clear of the internal disputes of the Country; and what the Treaty provided was that Annam should never place any other Power, in any respect whatever, in a more advantageous situation than France.\n\nHaving gone through the Treaty with him, I pointed out that the newspaper summary made no mention of the clause by which the Annamite Govt recognized the sovereignty of France over the three provinces which formed her original conquest. He observed in conclusion that a violent and very unfair attack upon the Treaty had appeared in the Clerical newspaper the \"Univers\". I said that the best way to put an end to misrepresentation respecting the Treaty would be to produce the text at once; and that certainly it was difficult for simple people to understand how the Minister of Marine could make difficulties with regard to communicating to the Minister for Foreign Affairs a treaty signed with a foreign Power.\n\nI have telegraphed to Lyons.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-169 - Others - 1874.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 299394, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876", "page_number": 233, "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876", "content_text": "4\n\n10\n\n5\n\n228\n\nup\n\nto\n\ndues or annul them altogether, for it placed a power in the Annamite Government to cripple foreign trade with the provinces and confine it to the Songkoi River the borders of Yunnan. Such, the Consul said, was the present position. The Government was most obstructive and throw every difficulty in the way, and nothing but great firmness and saying, \"I will have this done,\" effected anything; that this disposition was exhibited from the moment Hanoi, and the other places captured by Lieutenant Garnier, were surrendered, and, as this was done before the Treaty was signed, the Annamite Government refused to ratify it, and some time elapsed before they would; that when the French soldiers, of which there are 100 at Hanoi, were first quartered there, the Annamite Mandarins wanted them to be confined to the limits of the Consulate, and would have made a prisoner even of himself, but he resisted, and so in like manner objections were made to every request; that it was far from his wish to make a display of force, but if there was not a detachment of marines in the Consulate, it is impossible to say to what lengths the Annamite Mandarins would go, and that probably he would be made a nominal prisoner. He instanced a late case:\n\na Tonquinese, who had opened a shop for the sale of European goods, hoisted the French flag over his door, and was instantly arrested by the police, thrown into prison, and finally sentenced to be beheaded. All applications for his release made by him (the Consul) were unavailing. He represented that to execute the man for hoisting the French flag was an insult to that nation, but no notice was taken of it, and finding that the prisoner would certainly be decapitated unless he took some strong measures for his release, he went to the Futai's palace with a detachment of the marines and told him he should not leave it without the man, and thereupon he was surrendered. All this, however, was very disagreeable, but it was forced upon him by the authorities. This feeling, however, was confined to the Government and the authorities, for the people were perfectly indifferent and friendly in the extreme. I asked M. de Kergaradec what means he saw of surmounting this, and he replied, nothing but a change of dynasty would be effectual, and to that the Tonquinese were strongly in favour, for they had never been reconciled to the suppression of the Tonquinese dynasty and the annexation of their country by the Annamese, and were prepared to throw off what they considered a yoke at any favourable opportunity and restore the ancient family of the \"Ly,\" of which some members still remained, and that he hoped, on the death of Tudue, the present reigning sovereign, who was prematurely old, a dynastic change would be made. Such was the feeling of the Tonquinese, M. de Kergaradec said, and when the citadel of Hanoi was captured by Lieutenant Garnier, as hereafter mentioned, above 10,000 of them expressed their readiness to join him; and some did, and were afterwards beheaded for it, and others had to fly when the citadel was returned to the Annamite Government. The account he gave me of Lieutenant Garnier's proceedings will be given in detail hereafter.\n\nSuch is an outline of the first conversation I had with the French Consul, and subsequent ones were much to the same purport. I gather, therefore, that the presence of the French at Hanoi and in Tonquin generally is viewed with extreme distaste by the Hué (Annamite) Government, who lose no opportunity of giving expression to it. Indeed, M. de Kergaradec said that the position of M. Rheinart, the French Envoy at the Court of Hué, was far from satisfactory, and no means were left untried to render his position as uncomfortable as possible. I think it, therefore, exceedingly probable that the present status quo will not last, and that sooner or later the French will assume, what they have not yet done they say, a protectorate of Tonquin, which means a nominal sovereignty of the country, or even go a step farther, for they are evidently at issue with the Annamite Government, and chafing under what they seem to consider its insulting tone.\n\nWhether the Annamite Government has reason to look upon the French as having forced themselves into Tonquin and enforced a Treaty upon it which places a portion of its fiscal revenue under French control, is a question to be looked at from an unbiased point of view. I saw and heard in that time enough, however, to convince me that whether right or wrong in their first proceedings the French will probably have to go on, and when matters assume that phase, it is useless questioning how they were or are brought about; and viewing it thus it would not, I think, be cause for surprise if they encouraged a restoration which would separate Tonquin from Annam and restore it to the independence it had in 1802 when conquered and annexed by Nguyên Auh, known as Gialong, the King of Annam, and replace one of the ancient dynasty of \"Li\" upon the Throne with whom better terms could be made. Be that as it may, I heard from good authority before leaving Canton, that Vice-Admiral Krantz, the Governor of Saigon, and who negotiated the Commercial Treaty with Annam, being dissatisfied with its results and with the position of the French in Tonquin, had gone to Paris to consult with the Ministry upon the situation, and at Hanoi I heard he was on his way back. But I also heard that the Tonquin question was not looked upon with favour by the French Government who feared complications arising from this naval conquest, and hesitated to relieve the Admiralty of its responsibility in the matter.\n\nThe principal Annamese authorities at Hanoi are, the Tong-duc, or Viceroy, and the Chuan-Phu, or Futai. M. de Kergaradec asked me if I would like to see them, or at least one of them, as the Tong-duc was ill, and I said I would, so my cards were sent. And the Chuan-Phu shortly after called upon me, and I remembered having seen him at Canton when he came to have an interview with the late Viceroy Juilin. He reminded me of it, and mentioned several circumstances, and seemed glad to see me. He brought the Tong-duc's card, with his regrets, that he was too ill to leave his Yamên. Nothing, of course, but a complimentary visit passed, and in the afternoon, accompanied by M. de Kergaradec, Commandant Chapotot, and Captain Castle, with a guard of honour of French marines, I returned his visit in the Citadel. The Annamite Yamêns, or palaces as they call them, are much the same as the Chinese. An Annamite guard of honour lined the courtyard, and the Chuan-Phu came to the door to receive us. After some conversation he expressed a hope I was pleased with my visit, and remarked I had come a long way to see Hanoi; and I replied that having been to Hainan to open it to British trade under the Treaty, I had crossed the Gulf of Tonquin to pay the Representative of the French Government at Hanoi a visit, England and France being on the most friendly terms, and that was my sole object. He then inquired whether there would be much trade at Kiung-chow, and if English vessels would come on from thence to the Tonquin ports? I answered they certainly would do so if the Annamese Government were favourable to foreign trade. He then said he wished to show me his troops and elephants, and we accordingly went to a parade-ground close by of large extent, where there were about 2,000 Annamese soldiers, under arms, and two elephants in front, which, when we were seated, advanced, knelt down nine times, and saluted. The troops then went through sundry manœuvres with great precision. They were well dressed, but badly armed with old flint-lock muskets, spears, and swords. After this took my leave.\n\nWe then inspected the Hall of Ceremonies in which the Kings of Annam receive investiture from the Emperor of China. It was here that Lieutenant Garnier had his head-quarters after his capture of the citadel on the 20th of November, and in a plot of ground in the rear he and his four comrades were buried when killed on the 21st December, 1873.\n\nThat part of Hanoi where the citadel is built is somewhat higher than the other quarters of the city, the ground rising gently from the banks of the Songkoi to the height of about 180 feet above the level of the sea. A brick wall about 3 feet thick and 12 feet high, comprising twelve bastions connected by curtains, surrounds the citadel which forms a perfect quadrilateral of some 3,600 feet on each side. This wall is supported by a plain which at places rises gradually from the interior of the citadel, whilst at others its inner side falls perpendicularly.\n\nL\n\nThe height of the plain varies also a great deal, for at some places the besieged can be hidden entirely beyond the upper part of the wall, while in others they are half seen from the outside. Inside the citadel are the houses of the Governor and other high officials.\n\nThe citadel is girt at about a distance of 25 feet with a deep ditch, containing water, of an average width of 60 feet. Five gates give access to the citadel, one in the middle of each side, with the exception of the south side, which has two openings cut through the walls near the corner bastions; they may be called the south-eastern and south-western gate. The doorways are about 15 feet wide and are closed in with strong wooden gates. Above every gate stands a tower or guard-house.\n\nIn front of each gate is a redan, that is, two walls a little lower than the city ones, the faces meeting at an angle turned towards the country. These redans are also encircled with ditches which run into the moat of the fort, a gate connected by a bridge with the city or the fields adjoining is opened through the right face of each redan. Inside the redans small houses and barracks are inhabited by soldiers, and from the middle of the \"gorge\" of the redans strong three-arched bridges allow a passage across the moat to reach the gates in the main ramparts. It is the work of French Engineers employed by Gialong, the King of Annam, after his conquest of Tonquin in 1802.\n\nIn the interior of the citadel, besides the Government buildings and some\n\n[608]\n\nterre plain\n\n11", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 299395, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876", "page_number": 234, "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876", "content_text": "6\n\nbarracks, there are but few houses, and in the centre is a very peculiar tower on a raised base some 20 feet high, and on the top of the tower the national flag is hoisted.\n\nThe town of Hanoi is situated between the citadel and the river, and extending beyond the former in a westerly direction. The streets are wide and the houses good, and well built of brick in some of the principal streets, but there are numerous ones where the shops are merely mat erections in the usual Tonkinese style; with one exception—the main street from the river where the Chinese live—the streets are unpaved, and in wet weather almost impassable from the depth of the mud; but as shoes are an exception with the Annamites, this drawback to European comfort does not affect them. The sedan-chair of China, so convenient for locomotion, is unknown, the high authorities and those who can afford it being carried in a hammock of silk or hemp network suspended on a pole supported on the shoulders of two or four bearers, and enclosed in silk or cotton curtains. There is a great deal of stir and movement in the streets; the shops are well stocked with articles of native workmanship, especially bamboo work in all its varieties, silk and cotton piece goods, paper, pewter, and glass ware, boxes, drums of all sizes richly painted, lacquered and gilt, and coarse crockery and china ware. Fowls, ducks, geese, oxen, and pigs, are both plentiful and cheap, with abundance of fruit, bananas and vegetables, and fish. Rice is the staple food of the people, who look well-fed and healthy, and have a fair amount of muscular development. The women, however, appear to be the dominant class, for they work like the men as coolies and labourers, and preside in the shops. They are generally good-looking, carry themselves gracefully, and but for the practice of blacking their teeth, many might be called handsome.\n\nThe Tonquinese are evidently of the type of race which may be called \"transitional,\" beginning in India, of which Burmah and Siam are offshoots; changing in the Malay peninsula and Annam, and again in the southern borders of China, and so with China proper, where it ends in the Mongol feature. The gradations are strongly marked and can be easily traced.\n\nIn manner the Tonquinese and Annamites are quiet and, owing probably to the arbitrary Government they are under, subdued and indolent. The population of Hanoi, the capital, is estimated at from 150,000 to 200,000 Tonquinese, and about 3,000 Chinese. The French speak of the rule of the Annamite Government as oppressive and arbitrary in the extreme, and that the Tonquinese would gladly throw it off if possible. It may be and probably is so, being the case generally with all independent Asiatic Governments, but as a strong feeling against the Government exists among the French officials in Tonquin, such an assertion must be accepted with reserve. Undoubtedly a feeling of great disappointment exists at the sudden and complete reversal of the policy of Lieutenant Français Garnier, which I will refer to more fully hereafter, and the surrender to the Annamite Government of what may be termed his territorial conquests in Tonquin. Indeed, the present obstructive attitude of the Court of Hué is attributed to this cause, but not justly so,\n\nit is not to be expected that an independent but weak Government can look with equanimity upon the capture of their territory by a surprise, or accept the dictum of the captors that it is for their good and that of their people to preserve an armed neutrality and open the country to foreign trade under French supervision. However this may be viewed from a Western stand-point, certainly it finds no favour in the East, where the acts of the so-called civilized Powers are stripped of their garnish and reduced to the simple proportions of right or wrong, and if the latter, never forgotten or forgiven. Time and the passing away of generations may somewhat render the past into oblivion, but until that, to think what is gained by the sword can be held by the hand, is a mistake which the French are now seeing, and are chafing under the discovery.\n\nI have, I fear, dwelt too long on this subject, but it is one which so nearly affects the position of the French in Tonquin, that I may be pardoned in having been a little diffuse; but I will now proceed to give a brief resume of the political history of the Annamite and Tonquin Kingdoms, and the events which led to the occupation of the former by the French.\n\nTonquin is divided into thirteen prefectures or tsan; Thauh-noi, Thanh-ngoai, Hung-hoa, Nam thoung, Nam ha, Haidong, Kinh bae, Sontai, Caobang, Lang bac or Lang-von, Thai nguyen, Tuyen quang, Quang-yen.\n\nBoth Tonquin and Annam have, from almost time immemorial, been the scene of rebellions, civil wars, and bloodshed. Passing over the rather obscure history of these events, it will be sufficient to date from the year 1740–1786.\n\nAt that date Canhung was King of Tonquin, or Ngan-nan as it was called,\n\n1\n\n7\n\nand Hien Vuong was King of Cochin China, or Annam, but was so disliked by his subjects, that the influential family of Tayson revolted and killed him. He left a nephew, Nguyên Auh, who fled to Saigon on the death of his uncle. The heads of the family of Tayson consisted of three brothers: the eldest, Yin-yae, was a wealthy merchant; the second, Long-niang, was a General Officer of high rank; and the third was a priest.\n\nCochin was then divided into three parts: the north had been conquered by the Tonquinese; Hué was occupied by the second brother, Long-niang; and lower Cochin was governed by Yin-yae; whilst the third brother was religious chief of the whole Empire.\n\nNguyên-Auh, the nephew of Hien Vuong, who had fled to Saigon, determined to recover his kingdom from the three brothers of the Tayson family. At the time when Hien Vuong was killed there was a Catholic Bishop named Pigneaux de Béhaine, called Adran after his see, and he it was who saved the nephew Nguyên-Auh, and took him to Saigon, and henceforth devoted himself to replacing him on the Tonquinese throne.\n\nLong-niang, the second brother, then attacked the Tonquinese, and after expelling them from North Cochin, entered Tonquin in 1786, obliging Chin-long, the then King, to fly into China, where he ended his life at Peking, in exile.\n\nBishop Adran then took the eldest son of Nguyên-Auh with him to Paris, to obtain assistance from Louis XVI of France, and a Treaty of Alliance was signed on the 28th November, 1787, and Bishop Adran returned.\n\nIn 1791 Long-niang died, leaving a son twelve years old; and Nguyên-Auh, with the help of some French officers, brought from Europe by Bishop Adran, captured Yin-yae's fleet in 1793. In the same year Yin-yae died, and was succeeded by his son. Nguyên-Auh attacked and defeated the latter in 1796, and conquered what territory remained under the government of the son of Long-niang, and thus Cochin (Annam) was once more in possession of its lawful sovereign.\n\nThe conquest of Cochin being finished in 1811, Nguyên-Auh then turned his attention to Tonquin, the then King of which, Cauh-thiuh, the son of Quan-hung, he defeated in 1802, and being then sole sovereign of Annam, he assumed the title of Hwang-te, and the surname of Gia-long, by which he is best known, and since then Tonquin has been a province of the Annamite kingdom.\n\nIt may be observed that as far back as 1541 the Li family, the founder of the second dynasty, of which was Li-ki-mao or Li-by, were the recognized heirs to the throne of Tonquin, and although they were displaced by usurpers, they are still considered so, and some of its representatives are said to exist.\n\nSince the death of Gialong three monarchs have reigned in Cochin (Annam)—Minh Mang, 1820-1841; Thieu-tri, 1841-1847; and Tu-Duc, the present King; but although they owe their kingdom to the exertions of Bishop Adran, they have unremittingly persecuted Christians, For instance, Father Fernandez was beheaded on the 24th July, Bishop Henaris on the 25th June, and Bishop Delgado died in prison on 12th July, 1838. Finally, in consequence of the execution of Bishop José Maria Diaz, on the 20th July, 1857, and for other outrages, war broke out between Annam, Spain, and France, and this was followed by the victories of Admirals Rigault de Genouilly at Turon, on the 1st September, 1858; and Saigon, on the 17th February, 1859; Chasner at Kihoa, on the 25th February, 1861; Page at Mytho, on the 12th April, 1861; and Bonard at Bien-hoa, on the 9th December, 1861; ending with the Treaty of Saigon, of the 5th of June, 1862, by which the Provinces of Gia-dinh (Saigon), Dinh-tuong (Mytho), and Bien-hoa and the Island of Poulo Condor, in Lower Cochin, were ceded to France, and to these, on the grounds of intrigues and bad faith on the part of the Annamite Government, Vice-Admiral de la Grandière in June 1867 annexed the three western Provinces of Vinh-long, Chaudoc,\n\nand Hatien.\n\nI have thus as briefly as possible endeavoured to show how Tonquin became annexed to Annam, and Saigon came into possession of the French, and I will now proceed to give a résumé of the events which led to French occupation of Lower Tonquin.\n\nThe principal river in Tonquin, called the Ho-ti-kiang, but better known now as the Hung Keang in Chinese, and the Song Koi, or Red River, in Annamese, has its rise in Thibet, and is navigable from Manhao, the last city in the Chinese Province of Yunnan, and so down to the sea, a distance of 414 miles. Manhao is the entrepôt where goods are shipped to and from Tonquin and Annam, the mart being a more northern city, called Mongtsze, situated also on the banks of Song Koi, or Red\n\n229", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 301661, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-180 - Public Offices & Others - 1877", "page_number": 274, "title": "CO129-180 - Public Offices & Others - 1877", "content_text": "267\n\n6\n\nsay, idolaters. Local priests against resident Englishmen as heretics, atheists, and, strange to say, idolaters.\n\nIt is true that the good sense of Malay parishioners, who prefer a certain profit to be made from the heretic in this world to the remoter favours promised for persecuting him in the next, rarely gives act to such instigations; yet harm has occasionally followed. This drawback is evidently referable to the inland and to outlying spots rather than to Manila, its neighbourhood, and the frequented coast.\n\nHere we may briefly consider the dispositions commonly entertained towards British enterprise and trade by the natives, under which denomination I here, for convenience sake, include the Malays, Pagan, Christian, and Mahommedan, also the Chinese and the \"Mestizos,\" or half-bloods, of whatever colour or race.\n\nThese then are, with hardly an exception, not merely favourable to, but eager for European intercourse in general, that of the Spaniards, as bad paymasters, excepted. On the other hand, the English, as the best paymasters, are the most welcome. Work, from the roughest day-task to a very fair average of skilled labour, is always forthcoming in plenty, if required, on reasonable conditions, and Malay honesty is, taking matters all together, not, I think, inferior to European in corresponding classes and occupations.\n\nThere remains a third and not unimportant consideration.\n\n## Probable Future of the Philippines, in its bearing on European, and particularly on British, Enterprise in these parts.\n\nAre the Philippines, then, exposed to any likelihood of a violent catastrophe, destructive of or greatly injurious to the British interests vested in them, whether by revolution or rebellion from within, or invasion and conquest from without?\n\nThat the Pagan Malays, to the number, probably, of about 500,000 throughout the Philippines, are either passively averse from or actively hostile to Spanish rule is certain. That the Mahommedan Malays, whose number is apparently considerably larger, are yet more bitterly opposed to that rule is well known. That deep though smothered disaffection pervades the bulk of the population, i.e., the Christianized Malays, is not less certain. That each and every one of these classes has, on different points, and at different times, repeatedly risen in revolt against the Spaniards, is matter of history. That the worst enemies of Spanish rule are the \"Mestizos,\" or half-castes, scattered throughout the islands, is an axiom of the Spaniards themselves. That the Chinese are not merely ready, but eager to seize on any opportunity of shaking off the yoke of Spain, is doubted by none.\n\nAnd yet, with all this, I do not think that the Hispano-Philippine Administration is, or within any proximate time is likely to be, in danger from native insurrection. A general rising, organized among the inhabitants of islands, separate the most one from the other by considerable distances, while the larger islands, as Luzon, Panay, Cebú, Negros, and Mindanao are themselves further subdivided part from part by almost inaccessible and often pathless mountains; islands inhabited by tribes so differentiated by course of time as to have almost or quite forgotten their common origin, and speaking a dozen different, and even, in some instances, mutually unintelligible dialects, is, to say the least, a very improbable event. A partial revolt has been shown by the repeated and bloody experience of the past to have little or no chance of success. Again, the Christianized Malays would hardly, even with freedom in view, fraternize with the Pagan, or they again with the Mahomedan. Again, the great influence exercised by the clergy over the Christianized Malays must be taken into account as a powerful counterpoise to anti-Spanish revolt. And what hereditary superstition cannot obtain by positive attachment and belief, it often obtains by habit and vague fear. Again, the \"Mestizos,\" to whom as to their natural heads and fellow-leaders the Malays would have to look in any serious movement of this kind, are few in number and infirm of purpose. Lastly, the precautions carefully and vigilantly taken by the Administration against the importation of fire-arms and ammunition, except for its own use, though occasionally eluded, are yet sufficient to keep the mass of the native population unarmed; while the Spanish garrison, backed by a not inconsiderable naval force, is strong, not in numbers only, but in ammunition and arms of all kinds.\n\nFor the above reasons I think that a native revolt, of a nature to imperil the existing Spanish rule, and consequently to compromise, directly or indirectly, British interests or establishments in this Archipelago, is a highly improbable contingency.\n\nFrom without the Spanish Administration has yet less to fear. It is true that these Islands would be an easy conquest for any even second-rate European Power; it is also true that in the hands of an intelligent and civilized Colonial Government, such as England or Holland could readily supply, the Colony itself would be of enormous productive value. But the acquisition would be too vast for Holland and superfluous for England to undertake. Germany indeed might, and apparently does, desire a station in their neighbourhood, but not, there is every reason to believe, more than a station, such a one more or less as we ourselves occupy at Singapore or Hong Kong. Their doing so would no doubt annoy the Spaniards, but would not, or at least need not, have any tendency to dislodge them from the bulk of the Philippines. The remaining European Powers need not, it is evident, be brought into the present calculation. Remain China and Japan, either of which might at a future period become a dangerous enemy to the Hispano-Philippine Dominion; but such an event, though possible, lies at too great a distance to be included within the vista of practical political forecast. Hence the conclusion regarding disturbance from without is fairly identical with that regarding disturbance from within, namely, favourable to the permanency of the existent order of things, and consequently of the British interests dependent on it.\n\nThe only visible, though by no means imminent peril, is that Spain herself might through progressive enfeeblement, or in a moment of revolutionary crisis, so far relax her torpid hold over these remote possessions as to allow the Philippines to drift into a quasi, or perhaps a total independence. But this too is a far-off prospect; and I incline to think that for many years to come the Philippines will remain much as they are, little better, but also little worse. Administrative improvement is of course not to be expected; but neither is violent convulsion or sudden dissolution.\n\nThese things being so, remains a not unimportant inquiry-Is the protection at present afforded to British interests and British residents in the Philippines by the British Government through the Consular Service sufficient? and if not, what more is required?\n\n## British Consular Establishment in the Philippines, and its Requirements.\n\nTwo things have here to be chiefly considered, the character of the Spanish officials, to whom the Consul is accredited; and the character of the British resident Colony, at the head of which he is placed.\n\nSpanish officials in general are, as is well known, at once punctilious and indolent; exact about forms, careless about business; unwilling to take any trouble except where their personal interests are concerned, apt to bully and domineer whenever they think they can do so with impunity; and amazingly ignorant of everything past or present, European or other, out of Spanish territory and institutions. The officials at Manila are, moreover, mostly of an inferior class; Colonial service, or rather the opportunities it gives of making money, being, it would seem, regarded at head-quarters in Spain as a current reward for services rendered by political partisans or dependants, ministerial hangers-on, and the like, when their friends and patrons are in power. Hence the standard of officialism is, say the Spaniards, lower in the Philippines than in Spain itself. Nor, in fact, can any one out here tell from day to day what strange freaks of interference the dominant officials may next permit themselves, or what arbitrary proceedings they may, in their ignorance of international and even of ordinary law, attempt or perpetrate.\n\nSecondly. The British colony, that is, the resident British subjects in the Philippines, is important, large, and respectable. Important, from the weighty mercantile interests it involves and represents; large, not only numerically, but because spread over so vast an extent of sea-sundered territory; respectable, and that in a degree seldom met with elsewhere, both from the character of the business it carries on and, generally speaking, from the personal qualifications of those by whom that business is conducted.\n\nTo these two considerations may, as subordinate, be added a third-namely, that a British Consul at Manila, and with jurisdiction throughout the Philippine Archipelago, if he attempts to do his work conscientiously, and, so far as may be, efficiently, has not only an important, but a very laborious charge.\n\nFrom the first and second of these considerations (for the third, and whatever consequences it may seem to involve, belong to the judgment of a higher competency), I draw the following conclusion:\n\nThat, in view of greater efficiency and worthier representation, it would be highly expedient to confer the rank and title of Consul-General on the British Consular Representative resident at Manila.\n\nThe character of the British colony and its interests render such a measure appropriate; the character of the Hispano-Philippine Administration renders it almost, if not quite, necessary.\n\nFor what regards a slight corresponding increase of salary, I think that one of two measures might be adopted. Either the Consul-General should be left, as the Consul is at present, to find his own office staff, in which case an increase of £300 a-year, added half to his personal salary and half to his office allowance, may be held sufficient.\n\n[1185]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-180 - Public Offices & Others - 1877.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 302436, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]", "page_number": 597, "title": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]", "content_text": "## GENERAL FOREIGN NEWS\n\nis to the groundless statement of Mr. Frowdin that the foreman was informed on Friday that staff had been driven to throw Lucas M. Haylan must have been the adviser, he told the foreman; Vote Frande was on Note 37. This was poor advice, though he said something now, which will be to the paragraph in his letters of Aug. 23. He have bitten have left it out, but as Dr. Jeness appeals against In such reflections. What the Sean It does give him In the Sec. of State's Instruction Ishwe ack This a day No assignment, for he has not given Mr. innom any Ischat much the Explaining with occasion this ratimat although he has replied to that letter a schwind Joshun open this matter. Filemen on this J. simte condos proprette be likes confirm Mr. Inorder in the belief that such information had been given the form; while inquiry might have led to his statement in that In hand from misted.\n\nIn any case, The State cannot deal with complaint against Public Officers, without having both sides; as the matter has fact, the do not think it will desom any good purposes to revive it by asking now, Explanation from Mr Make-my.\n\nThe Then are two points in the minutes of mail to be notil Emigration to Honolulu Flogi buck- Let these passages be extractial by the Depp. a Annegre to the paper on their subjects, which shance then be civentated. Low Tarnawom detailul instructions on the Firppig han apparent for throws artille.\n\n## INSECURITY IN ASIA MINOR\n\nreligion ought not to be confounded with sectarianism greedy of dominion. He at the same time expressed a hope that the electors would not submit to the yoke of the Sacristy. The speech was reportedly cheered.\n\nM. Gambetta, replying this morning to a (THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY) from the Mayor, said --\" Your country is devoted to Republican institutions, but you are lacking in political customs. Constant action is required; you should avoid useless discussion and instead of obey the majority, or at least carry on discussion without insults. I am aware of the devotedness of the Republican population of Gre-population, and that in coming hither I shall speak to that party. I know beforehand that it is the best spot I could choose,\"\n\n## SIR HENRY LAYARD AND THE ARMENIANS\n\nSPANISH ASSASSINATION OF A DELEGATE IN MOROCCO\n\nGENERAL FOREIGN NEWS\n\na succession of cloudless fata, in which the sun has poured its parching joy on the nude andre from the extent to which income had dreary plains around the capital of Spain.\n\nthe Entire landlords into the anit others-the throud had become hands iretied and frated that we could not be anxious as to the results of any war which might place in that part of the Queen's had any military or civil experience in India cou en's dominions. No doubt the success of our armies if we engaged conflict there; but as our soldiers stood with their backs towards the West the danger most to be feared was not that in front of them, but that behind them.\n\n## NEWS FROM MALTA\n\nMALTA, Oct. 10. (THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY) K.L.M.S. Black Prince has arrived here from Cyprus, and will proceed to Marseilles to-morrow. There she will take on board the Duke of Edinburgh and proceed thence to convoy the steamer Sarmatian, conveying the Maryvis and Marchioness of Loma. The Halifax and Humber have arrived, bound to Cyprus.\n\nthat every person in the country, whether be the richest or the poorest, would be ready to bear the burden, and that the country would not be lessening that part of the war a subject which no doubt would engage the work of the House of Commons during months, but he thought be might reature to pre there would be a common consent desire House, on whichever side he eat, to maintain the Indian Empire and to cast the burden of that on those best able to bear it.\n\nThe Rapid proceeds to Cyprus on Saturday to relieve the Bittern, which has been ordered to Busiku Bay to join Admiral Hornby's squadron.\n\n## GERMANY AND THE VATICAN\n\nROME, Oct. 10. The statement published in some foreign journals that the Vatican will send an internuncio to Berlin is pretty well contradicted.\n\n## CONSTANTINOPLE, OCT. 10\n\nSIR HENRY LAYARD AND THE ARMENIANS\n\nfrom Sir Henry Layard has had several interviews with the Grand Vizier on the subject of the Armenian question. The former made representations in reference to the proposed composition of the extraordinary tribunal to be established at Erzeroum. It was intended that the tribunal should consist of four Muslims and four Christians. Safvet Pacha has, in accordance with Sir Henry Layard's request, offered certain Armenians the post of Mostechar to the superior Turkish functionaries. These Armenians having declined his offer, Sir H Layard had an interview with the Armenian Patriarch, in which he urged the latter to exert his influence to induce the Armenians to accept the position in question. The Patriarch declined to take this step, alleging that such measures were inadequate to satisfy the aspirations of the Armenian nation, since they would fail to give it an effective control over its own affairs.\n\n## GREECE AND TURKEY\n\n(THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY)\n\n## THE YELLOW FEVER IN AMERICA\n\nNEW ORLEANS, Oct. 10. There were 42 deaths in this city yesterday.\n\n## THE GLASGOW BANK FAILURE\n\nTO THE EDITOR OF THE TAYLOR NEWS\n\n## THE CANADIAN MINISTERIAL CRISIS\n\nMONTREAL, Oct. 10. The Mackenzie Ministry tendered their resignations yesterday, and Sir John Macdonald has accepted the task of forming a new Cabinet.\n\n## THE GALES\n\nA severe gale blew on Wednesday night on our south and western coasts. At Penzance, low-lying parts of the town were inundated by water to the depth of several feet, and traffic on the railway was delayed by the flooding of the line. A large fleet of shipping has taken refuge in the roadsteads. Yesterday there were no signs of the gale abating.\n\n## THE AMERICAN ELECTIONS\n\nWASHINGTON, Oct. 10. The Nationals have elected one member of Congress and the Democrats have gained five and probably six seats.\n\n## COMMERCIAL NEWS\n\nThe Libertà of to-day publishes a semi-official report, which was telegraphed to several towns, stating that the King of Greece has addressed a Note to the Powers on the subject of Hobart Pacha's intervention between Greece and Turkey. The Note states that Greece eagerly desired an understanding with the Turkish Government, and was disposed to try all means to attain this object.\n\n## CHINA\n\nHONG KONG, Oct. 10. There is an agitation among the European community in favour of the reintroduction of whipping as the punishment for certain crimes.\n\n## COMMERCIAL NEWS\n\nTelegram says: -- \"lowest, 1004. Ex-dividend stocks closed firm. Five per Cent. Funded Loan, 1871, 1058; Four-and-a-Half per Cent. Funded Loan, 1876, 100; Four per Cent. Funded Loan, 1877, 992; Central, 1121; Illinois, 784; Erie, 124; Cotton, middling upland, 10 cents; January delivery, 10.26; Petroleum, 1; Flour, 2.75 to 3.95; Corn, 4.8; Red Winter Wheat, 1.04; Western Union Telegraph Shares, 91.\n\nTo-day's receipts of cotton at all United States ports have been 23,000 bales. Export to Great Britain, 4,900 bales; and to the Continent, 2,000 bales.\n\n## ITALY AND EGYPT\n\nROME, Oct. 10. (THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY) The semi-official Avvenire of to-day publishes an article on the Egyptian question. The writer says England and France declare that they have in no way participated in the nomination of the Egyptian Ministry, and it would thus be useless to enter into negotiations with those countries. Italy being richer than other countries, demands privileges, nor does she aim at conquest, her sole object being to protect her own interests.\n\nThe Right Hon. W. H. Smith, First Lord of the Admiralty, yesterday returned from his seat at Henley-on-Thames to his official residence at the Admiralty.\n\nThe Right Hon. J. Stansfeld, M.P., leading Liberal members of the House of Commons, have accepted invitations to visit Dublin on the occasion of the annual meeting of the National Society for the State Regulation of Vice, and at the end of October the hon. gentlemen are also invited to address a meeting on the present aspects of Liberal politics.\n\n## CASUALTY AT SEA\n\nThe steamer Rover, of Newcastle, on Tuesday, while on a voyage, and being about fifty miles from Ushant, sprang a leak. Her crew took to the boats, and were picked up by the Ulleswater steamer, of Shields, which afterwards fell in with the derelict and towed her to within five miles of Plymouth. The tow rope then parted, and the Ulleswater went into port for aid. A powerful tug was sent in search for the derelict vessel, and she found the Rover in Bigbury Bay, and towed her into Plymouth Harbour, where she now lies half full of water.\n\n## THE BARNSLEY POISONING CASE\n\nThe adjourned inquest on the man and girl who died from eating portions of a pudding taken from an eating-house at Barnsley was concluded yesterday. Some eminent analysts forwarded their opinions, and one or two were examined in this case. The jury returned a verdict, \"That the two deceased died from partaking of unwholesome picked food, but how such food became unwholesome there was no evidence to show.\"\n\nA man named Leggett, living at Ipswich, attacked his wife with a hammer, inflicting severe wounds, which, however, it is thought, will not prove fatal. He then cut his own throat so seriously as to cause death. No reason is assigned for the crime.\n\nA large and enthusiastic meeting was held at Bury, Lancashire, in favour of the Suffrage Bill. The Mayor (Alderman Ducker) occupied the chair. Resolutions in favour of the meeting were carried.\n\nThe grandest and most luxurious hotel in ... where all the real comforts of life can be enjoyed, is the Paz, which is particularly recommended to the nobility for its moderate charges. Particular attention is devoted to the cuisine of the table, and the selection of the best and ... Adankie Van Hymakers. All information -(Advertisement)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 305579, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "page_number": 320, "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]", "content_text": "## \n\nare known and acknowledged to be declined by all acquainted with them, viz. to the silence of wild or secret societies which would prevent the enlistment of any except certain classes, or members of the Guild; the want of physical courage in many of the races usually found in China with which we come in contact. I wish to point to our experience in the conquest, or rather acquisition, of India as proof of the method in which these defects may be neutralised by liberal enlistment from various classes of the more naturally courageous and hardy amongst the Chinese.\n\nThe class of shopkeepers and cashiers who form the bulk of the population of Hong Kong are not good specimens of what is required; but it remains to be proved what effect proper training would have on selected recruits of a suitable class procurable from various parts of the mainland.\n\n### \n3 \n316 \n3. To be formed into regiments on the pattern of Indian regiments, the Infantry composing two regiments of 500 each and a third of Sappers and Miners trained to assist in the working of heavy guns, 500 strong.\n\nThe whole to be under the direction of the Military Authorities.\n\n4. I do not think a Militia suitable; the force ought to be permanently embodied and increased as required.\n\n5. As an addition to the force already existing in the different arms of the service.\n\n6. By temporary instructors from the regular forces, the fact of their taking part of the new and other duties now performed by the regular troops would leave trained instructors available. Officers to some extent could be obtained from India; either of those who would be coming here...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 309367, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9]", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9]", "content_text": "tend and nurse them whilst they are of tender age, and marry them off when they are grown up, it is only for the few years between those two periods that one gets the benefit of their labour. Moreover, as they have to be given away in marriage, they are not like capital that remains on hand, whilst the food and clothes they get are far superior to what they got in the families they came from. Girls of poor and distressed families seeing this, look upon it as the very heaven and highroad to fortune. If all such chances for them were cut off, all the daughters of poor cottagers would consider their highroad to fortune destroyed. Thus the intention to do them good would turn out to be to their injury. Your Excellency being inspired by humane and benevolent feelings, will surely be able to sift and weigh the above statements.\n\nIn the foregoing ten paragraphs Your Petitioners offer but a few slight explanations of the customs of the Chinese people, and of the measures taken by successive Government Officials, the real facts being here set forth and presented to Your Excellency in the earnest hope that Your Excellency will, by a stretch of charity and sympathy, condescend to yield to the feelings of the people and deal with the matter discriminately. And as to that Ordinance, passed some time ago, which contains passages referring to this subject, Your Excellency may perhaps deem it advisable to change the meaning of the Ordinance, by adopting the nearer and rejecting the far-fetched sense of the words. Or perhaps it may be advisable henceforth to subject the buying of sons for adoption, and the purchase of girls for domestic servitude, to official registration with the expressed stipulation that such children are not to be treated oppressively or some similar rule.\n\nWhilst submitting these suggestions, with due respect for Your Excellency's decision, Your Petitioners beg to state that by such measures there will be no grievance inflicted on the people, but rich and poor will both be comforted and the whole community of Hongkong will be benefited thereby.\n\nTranslated by\n25th October, 1879.\nE. J. EITEL.\n\n其中得其勞者不過數年且嫁無意居奇衣食勝於所出窮苦人家之女此爲生天活路若悉杜而絕之則窮籍之女生路迴絕是欲愛之而反以害之大憲仁愛心必能洞察於此\n\n以上十條董等不過畧將華人風俗及歷任英憲辦理情形據實剖陳用達上聽務新曲諒民隱俯順輿情分別辦理至於以前所立之例有關及是事者應否變通例意從簡去繁成自後於買童買婢一節可否報官注册立明條欸不得苛待等情恭候憲裁如此則無病民之政而貧富相安合港咸沾其益矣\n\nPage 27\n\nREPORT BY DR. EITEL.\n\navery, as it existed in the West, in ancient Greece and Rome, as well as in modern America, has always been an incident of race. Greek philosophers, in view of the intellectual inferiority of barbarians, treated the enslavement of barbarians by Greeks as a matter of course. As to Roman slavery, it claimed no other justification than the right of conquest. The members of an inferior race, or the subjects of a weaker nation, were held in perpetual bondage by the members of another and stronger race who conquered in war, and who looked upon their captives and the descendants of their captives as their property, de jure gentium, as Justinian calls it. In course of time, however, an enlarged sense of equity and the development of that old Roman theory, the lex naturalis, refuted this notion of the Roman Law that victory gave the conqueror any further power over the defeated beyond disarming and disabling them as regards resumption of warfare. But with this advance of civilization came also an enlarged consciousness of the wide gulf separating civilized nations from barbarous tribes, white men and therefore free men from black races, supposed to be intended by nature for a position inferior to that of a free civilized white man. Slavery was thus not only continued but assumed a deeper significance and seemingly greater justification as being founded on organic differences, implanted in men by nature, inborn and therefore indelible. Thus it was that modern slavery, whilst abandoning the justification established in Roman Law by the so-called jus gentium of Justinian, adopted the argument first propounded by Greek philosophers, and slavery became thus a more enduring and systematic bondage than ever. For it was now defended even by Christian divines as in harmony with the divine purposes prophesied in Scripture regarding the descendants of Ham, and illustrated by the physical and intellectual inferiority of black races, for Science also lent its aid to rivet the chains of the Africans, as being but highly developed apes.\n\nRoman slavery received its fullest development when Roman civilization and Roman jurisprudence was in its zenith. Thus also the absolute slavery in which the black races of Africa were held by white men in the West-Indies and in America, who treated them simply as a commercial article of export and import, was materially perfected by the rapid advance which civilization and science had among the progressive Societies of Europe and America as compared with the retarded development of barbaric into civilized life, illustrated by the condition of the black races of Africa.\n\nIn fact this postulate of organic differences in men as the principal apparent justification of modern slavery, is possible only in Societies which in the evolution of their social and political organism from the family groups or village units of patriarchalism, summing up all the relations of persons in the relations of family, have reached that high stage of development which is characterized by a mature sense of personal rights and individual obligation giving to the individual the place of the family. That systematic reduction of men to chattelhood which converts the members of one race into a seemingly natural article of trade or into mere living implements of agriculture for the use of another race, is the privilege of a socially self-conscious generation which laboured hard to emerge from feudalism and despotism in gaining civil and political freedom and was able therefore to appreciate what the negation of liberty implies.\n\nBut although this modern slavery was thus the natural outcome of an abnormally rapid advance of civilization, it was an outrage upon the spirit of the old Roman lex naturalis which all along counter-acted the growing tendency of Roman Law to treat the slave as a mere article of property and which especially since the French Revolution developed with marvellous rapidity. Slavery was in truth an unnatural straining of the organic differences implanted in man and therefore bound to be rectified by a reaction. The great Colonial Emancipation initiated by Wilberforce, and the more recent abolition of slavery in the United States, represent thus but a necessary development of the social organism of the West. The natural law of reaction was set in motion by that humanitarianism which since the end of the last century began to permeate, like an electric current, the whole of the Western world. The result was a general growth of that ideal conception of nature which merges all distinctions of race in the higher synthesis of the universal brotherhood of man. Slavery has thus, happily, become an impossibility among the enlightened nations of the West in whose laws and social relations the status of a slave has been more or less superseded by the contractual relation of master and servant.\n\nNevertheless it must not be forgotten that, whilst this higher conception of humanity, this appreciation of the fundamental equality of all human beings with its consequence, the abolition of slavery, is the outcome of a long course of organic development through which the social life of the West has passed by the gradual dissolution of family dependency and the growth of individual obligation, our present conceptions of humanity, of personal liberty and of slavery, are but transitions of progress and await further modifications and wider applications from the light of science and the spirit of equity. And further it should be remembered that, whilst the slave trade is successfully abolished in the West, slavery still lingers in many highly civilized countries. Even in the social organisms of the most advanced countries like England numerous relics of ancient patriarchalism, feudalism and despotism have survived which are out of harmony with the spirit of modern civilization. Take as an instance that relic of ancient patriarchalism, the absolute authority of husband and father, which still survives in the Law of England vesting parental rights in the father alone. Or take as another instance that relic of ancient feudalism, the European principle of feme covert, which absorbs the legal existence of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317895, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 146, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n## CHINESE STUDIES AND OFFICIAL INTERPRETATION IN THE COLONY OF HONGKONG\n\nIt was somehow England's destiny to have Colonies. The vital power of English commerce and the roving energies of Englishmen produced, in the natural evolution of things, stations, factories, settlements, here and there in the world, most of which settlements imperceptibly grew into Colonies, some even developing into empires like the United States, Canada, Australia or India. Whilst other nations, impelled by the budding instincts of national aggrandisement, had to annex countries and obtain Colonies by sheer conquest, England somehow had most of her Colonies thrust upon her by the natural course of events.\n\nBut more remarkable even than this mushroom growth of English Colonies, is the fact that England, having somehow become possessed of Colonies, managed not only to retain most of them, but to govern them rationally and to develop their natural resources by a practically successful administration. Spain and Portugal ignominiously failed with their various schemes of a Colonial policy distinguished principally by its ecclesiastical tyranny. France also fared no better with her Colonies uniformly governed by a system of military despotism. Even Holland must be said to have failed to develop fully the resources of her dominions in the Malay Archipelago with her system of commercial monopoly. England, on the other hand, approached the work of Colonial government with no predetermined policy, simply following the happy-go-lucky system of throwing open her Colonial possessions to all comers without distinction of nationality or creed, leaving each individual Colony to the tender mercies of select nurses called Governors, who were free to try their apprentice hands, as well as they could, in concert with local Councils, reserving to herself but the exercise of a sort of general step-motherly control, in endeavouring to rectify excesses of legislation, to maintain an equilibrium of law and liberty, and generally to prevent rows between the governing and governed classes in the several Colonial nurseries.\n\nIn saying this I am well aware that there existed for years, even before its publication in 1862, a code of \"Rules and Regulations for Her Majesty's Colonial Service.\" But the material alterations which this code has undergone in successive years, ever since its publication, the total absence of unity in its detailed features, the difficulty it exhibits of even classifying the various colonies in any but a complex and well-nigh unintelligible manner, and the enormous influence accorded \n\nPage 143", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317902, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 153, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n\ntwenty volumes. There is a large edition, containing extensive historical notices, costing over one hundred taels, which is exposed for sale in the shops of Canton.\n\nThese works are exceedingly interesting and important, not only as affording a repository for preserving the traditions of an ancient civilization, but as being in fact the best and safest commentary upon the classics, manners, and customs of Ancient China, just as the study of the present customs in Bible lands best illustrates the meaning of the sacred writers. The laws and customs of any people are exceedingly difficult to change. This is doubtless more true of Oriental than of Western nations. As this comparison is suggested, it will be important to remember that the ancient history of China corresponds with that of Babylon, Egypt, Greece, and Rome, whose civilization has been inherited by the present nations of Europe and America. The languages, literature, laws, and customs have vital connection with those Empires and Kingdoms of Antiquity. As for China, the inheritance is much more direct, and the connection much more intimate.\n\nWith these introductory remarks, attention is now called to the work in the order in which it is found. The following is the translation of the Preface, which will in a measure explain itself. The style is concise and difficult, but the meaning and spirit of it are best represented by a literal translation.\n\n## Preface to the Collected Statutes of the Manchu Dynasty\n\n\"From the sacrifices to Heaven, and those in the Imperial Ancestral temples, and the affairs of the Imperial Court, to those of the thousand and hundred states—the people of the border provinces, and dependent countries—that which cannot be disregarded—that which is the pattern for both the founders and heirs to dynasty—that which is to be taught, put into practice, and which cannot be changed—is not all dependent upon the collected statutes?\n\n\"But what sages have enacted, or the intelligent have transmitted, the Government put into practice; that which is to be observed—it is impossible that in regard to this there should be no addition or abstraction. What is important is, that the motive for addition or subtraction should be to conserve—so that which is contained in the work should be fixed and unchangeable, and not anything made up by posterity.\n\n\"Upon every accession to the Throne, as the several sages appeared, the ceremonies and music were put in order. During the 23rd year of Kanghi (1662), styled the 'sage and benevolent Emperor,' commands were first given to establish the Collected Statutes. It is to be kept in mind that when the Empire was first established, it was the work of our three Imperial Ancestors. Tai Tsò 太祖 (T'in Ming 1616 天命), Tái Tsung 太宗 (T'in Ts'ung 1627 天聰), and Shun Tsu (Shun Chi 1644).\n\n\"They are the Imperial Ancestors from whom the Empire has been inherited.\n\n\"It was impossible that there should be no transmission, but there were all the time enactments.\n\n“During the 5th year of Yung Ching, Our Imperial Father, styled the 'Illustrious Emperor,' commands were given to the Privy Council to finish this work, to examine and reduce to order the sections.\n\n\"Since indeed for several generations there had been peace, and further Our Imperial grandfather (Kang-hi) enjoyed a long reign (60 years), his teaching was perfected by long practice. It was impossible not to hand it down, only there was no leisure for the transmission, and how much less may it be said for enactments?\n\n\"When it came to us reverently to receive the Imperial dignity, it was with care, and attentive diligence, and altogether with the intention to make the statutes conform to the statutes of Our Ancestors. Opening the book to put it into practice, we did not dare to swerve from it a foot or an inch.\n\n## CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE\n\n\"Now just as the great expedition to the West (the conquest of Ili) has successfully terminated, it is happily possible to fulfill the intention of Our Ancestors, and all the local officials, the official regulations, departments, and districts, military camps, soldiers' stations, attendance at Court, taxation, coinage, all the great affairs of government, including that under the direction of the six Boards, there is of all nothing that is not included. Moreover, Our Imperial Father earnestly sought the way of Government during thirteen years, and the great principles and minute matters established by him cannot fail to be transmitted and handed down to posterity.\n\n\"Orders were given to a Committee of officials to prepare drafts, one after another, in order that by night they might be examined and corrected by our own hand. Saying, in regard to the past, to write out in full all the original discussions and old usages, copying every page, would be to confound statutes with usage. But usage may be made to conform to circumstances, while statutes cannot be changed. In the present instance, if usage is appended to the statutes, hereafter usage would introduce confusion into the statutes. Should this be done? There should therefore be a distinction between the Statutes and usage, each a class by itself, mutually each supporting the other. Every one of all the officials answered, 'If the net hang upon the line, there will be nothing wanting.' (This great principle includes everything necessary; and in the proper order.)\n\n\"But we do not dare to act by ourselves alone, since the Statutes now arranged are the Statutes of Our Imperial Father, and earnestness in attending to this matter requires that we do not stop at mere transmission without any enactments at all. Because of the determination that it is impossible not to transmit, it is necessary still more to manifest the intention of not daring to be careless in the matter. He who examines the Statutes ought to understand clearly and know the sources from which the government is derived and not to follow anything doubtful. That which, from time to time, is revised by every Court (each Emperor in succession) is something derived from Antiquity.\n\n\"If the rule of the Government is the 'heart rule' (rule of equity), the intent and the expression (lit. within and without) will be correspondingly complete, when fully understood, it will be approved by heaven and men. When enlarged to its full extent, it will embrace the present and the past, as it has been said in the Jade Tablets. When the Kwan Tsui (the first of the Odes) is made the foundation, then the rules of Excellent Government (i.e., of the Chau Ritual) may be practised; from this again may be discovered the origin of the several statutes and the root of the great ritual. Would we dare not to be earnest? Would we dare not to be earnest in matters which concern our descendants, the officials, and the people?\n\n\"**Imperial Rescript of Kin Lung** in the Spring of Káp Shan (29th year of Kin Lung, 1764).\"\n\nThe Emperor Kin Lung is perhaps the most illustrious of many illustrious names in the list of the rulers of the present dynasty. A very partial acquaintance with Chinese History is sufficient to establish the high character of the rulers of the Manchu dynasty, as compared with those of all, native and foreign, who have ruled over this vast Empire in former ages. The author of the above preface was a man of strong mind and much cultivation. His image occupies a prominent place in the Temple of 500 gods in the Western Suburbs of Canton. There are many fine points in this elaborate composition, which was doubtless the product of the Imperial mind, but the translation of course gives only a very inadequate idea of the original. How delicate the modesty, and yet how dignified his reference to his ancestors! He takes his proper share of the ... \n\n15 \n150", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317907, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 158, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW\n## Superintendent of Host and Guest (Vol. 50)\nd.-Visiting Rites. Visiting Rites in regard to Tribute. Halls for guests. Horses for guests.\n\n## Superintendent of Imperial Feasts (Vol. 57)\ne.-Feasting Rites. Feasting Rites, Meats and Grains. Feasting Rites, Cattle, Mutton, Fowls, &c.\n\n## Board of Music (Vol. 58)\nThis is a mere supplement of the Board of Rites. Great importance is attached to this subject. But while the form is still observed, the Chinese contend that the art of ancient music has perished. If it could be recovered they think the golden age would appear.\n\n## Board of War (Vol. 59)\nConstitution of the Board: Presidents and Vice Presidents, with four Superintendents.\n\n(1.)--Superintendent of Military Selection. Regulations in relation to guards for Emperor and Imperial Family. Rules for 5 Divisions of Military Officials, Superior, Middle, Inferior (Vol. 60). Regulations in regard to Guard (Vol. 61). Regulations in regard to Parade. Regulations in regard to Hanting. Regulations in regard to going to War.\n\nA fair proportion of space is given to this important branch of the Government. But it is considered by Chinese scholars and statesmen as of much less importance than Rites and Ceremonies, which are expressions of justice and truth. The theory is doubtless the correct one; but in experience the Chinese deceive themselves. Clinging to the traditions of the past is not always true wisdom. The living present and the coming future are more important. If the Chinese were really honest in their profession of love of justice and truth, and truly believed what such a profession ought to imply, they would be more willing to give up the superstitions, false theories and poor method of their fathers for the better things of a Christian civilization.\n\nImperial Bounty (as for killed and wounded), Resident officials who have certain control of the aboriginal tribes in different parts of the Empire as in Yunnan and Formosa. Sometimes the office is given to a person of the half-civilized tribes, it being rightly supposed they would have more influence over their own people, understand their language &c.\n\n(2.) Superintendent of Geographical Divisions and Public Roads (Vol. 63). This volume contains maps of the Empire. The postal service is under the direction of this Board as mentioned in the former article. Regulations in regard to Camps. Regulations in regard to Army. Rigorous Discipline, Military merit, Parade (Vol. 64). Regulations in regard to Customs Barriers (Vol. 65). Regulations in regard to River and Ocean. Regulations in regard to Informers. Regulations in regard to Cruisers at Sea. Regulations in regard to punishment of officials &c.\n\n(3.) Superintendent of Carriages (Vol. 66). Regulations in regard to Horses. Regulations in regard to Post-roads, Relays, &c.\n\n(4.) Superintendent of Arsenals (Vol. 67). Regulations in regard to Arms. Regulations in regard to Military rolls. Regulations in regard to Military examinations for 2nd degree. Regulations in regard to Banishment and Exile.\n\n## Board of Punishments\nThis subject is treated more fully in a former article. (Vol. 68). Constitution of the Board in former article as above. Regulations in regard to Punishment. Regulations in regard to different kinds and grades of crime.\n\n## CONSTITUTIONAL LAW OF THE CHINESE EMPIRE\nRegulations in regard to Judgment (Vol. 69). Regulations in regard to Trials at Court in Autumn. Regulations in regard to Imperial Bounty. Regulations in regard to Arrest.\n\n## Board of Works (Vol. 70)\nConstitution of the Board as above, with four Superintendents.\n\n(1.)--Superintendent of Buildings. Regulations in regard to— Palaces. Altars (Vol. 71) Temples. City Walls. Dwellings for Imperial Family. Public Offices. Granaries. Camps. Materials of Construction. Report on Expenditures.\n\n(2.) Superintendent of Parks and Forests (Vol. 72). Regulations in regard to obtaining— Medicines, Furs, Precious Stones &c. Coinage. Manufacture of Arms. Sundries.\n\n(3.) Superintendent of Water Courses. River Works, Supplement on Gains from this Source. Sea and Bays, Supplement on Protection. Bridges and Roads. Regulations in regard to— Vessels. Storing Ice. Utensils for Use (Vol. 75). Weaving. Customs Duties.\n\n(4.) Superintendent of Lands Allotted to Soldiers. Regulations in regard to— Imperial Tombs, Cemeteries for Imperial Family. Wood and Coal. Artizans (for Public Works).\n\n## Treasury of Economical and Careful Expenditure. Stone-house of Construction (Vol. 77)\nThis finishes the account of the six Boards. There are still remaining several important departments of the Government to be noticed. The first is the province of Shing King, which is considered as the home of the Imperial Family, and where are to be found the Imperial Tombs. It was the first conquest preceding that of the Empire. It has a miniature Court like that of Pekin, visited yearly by the Emperor for worshipping the Imperial Ancestors, and as a summer resort, to avoid the dust and heat of the capital.\n\n## Shing King (Vol. 78)\nBoard of Population. Rites. War. Punishments. Works.\n\n## Colonial Office (Vol. 79)\nIt is Constitution. It has a President and two Vice Presidents, all either Manchu or Mongol, and six Superintendents. It has charge of the various dependencies of the Empire.\n\n1. Superintendent of Bannermen of Mongolia. Tribes\n2. Superintendent of tribute and Imperial favors for the chiefs of several tribes.\n3. Superintendent of honors, treaties &c., with several tribes (Vol. 80).\n4. Superintendent for comforting distant peoples or tribes.\n5. Superintendent for receiving distant peoples or tribes.\n6. Superintendent of Punishments. Treasury.\n\n## Censorate (Vol. 81)\nThe constitution of this branch is peculiar. It has two chief left censors, each one Chinese and Manchu, and four left assistants, each two Chinese and Manchus. The Viceroys and Governors have the titles of the right which correspond so that they have the right of making representations through this channel.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 317908, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "page_number": 159, "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA REVIEW.\n\nThere is one censor for the Capital, and thirteen for the provinces. The rules are altogether in the way of freedom in the criticism of the Government and the officials. In some respects they are the very highest officers in the Empire. The members of the cabinet and even the Emperor himself cannot consider themselves as free from their attacks.\n\n## Commissioner of Information.\n\nThis is the office through which pass all the memorials from the provinces, and all Imperial edicts from the throne.\n\n## Court of Appeal.\n\nThe chiefs of this Court are two, one Chinese and one Manchu. It is a kind of Court of review of the decisions of the Board of Punishments.\n\nThe Board of Punishments, the Censorate and the Court of Appeal are called the Three Law Commissioners. The officials have a fabulous animal embroidered upon their robes which signifies the stern and haughty character of their office as judges.\n\n## Court of Sacrifices (Vol. 82.)\n\nThe chiefs of this Court are two, one Chinese and one Manchu. They have charge of the worship at the Capital and the several kinds of sacrifices, as described above in the Board of Rites.\n\n## Forms of Prayers, &c. (Vol. 83.)\n\nThese are read and afterwards burned; a careful study of their contents and disposition is necessary to a right understanding of their significance.\n\n## Imperial Academy (Vol. 84.)\n\nThe constitution of this institution is two chiefs, one Chinese and one Manchu, both having the ranks of Vice-President of the Board of Rites. They have charge of the Dynastic History, Libraries, Imperial Documents, Edicts &c. The larger part of those who obtain the fourth literary degree are members of this Academy, and they occupy the most favourable position on that account for official promotion.\n\n## Dynastic Annalists.\n\nThese officials keep an account of Imperial movements and of passing events. There are twenty of them, eight Manchu and twelve Chinese. They are near the Emperor's persons, and the diaries are preserved for future reference.\n\n## Department for Reference.\n\nThe chiefs of this institution are members of the Imperial Academy, one Manchu and one Chinese. They accompany the Emperor and sometimes hold also the office of Annalists. They are applied to for precedents in the past and take part in the direction of the Imperial studies. They are supposed to be learned men.\n\n## Court of the Imperial Kitchen (Vol. 85.)\n\nThere are two chiefs, one Chinese and one Manchu. They have charge of the Imperial provisions for the table and for feasts.\n\n## Court of Imperial Retinue (Vol. 85.)\n\nThere are two chiefs, one Manchu and one Chinese. They have charge of Imperial horses through all the provinces, and the Imperial Retinue; a large number of the subordinate officials are Mongols, who are good horsemen, and probably the horses are chiefly from Mongolia.\n\n## Department of Shun Tin.\n\nAs the Government of the District of Washington is separate from that of the State of Maryland, so the Department in which Peking is situated is separate from the province of Chihli. The chief is generally a high official, who holds this office in connection with some other.\n\n## Department of Tung Tin.\n\nThis is the Chief Department of Shing King and like the previous one is one of great honour.\n\n## Court of Masters of Ceremonies.\n\nThis institution has charge of ceremonies of Court, sacrifices, and feasts. The chiefs are one Chinese and one Manchu, but the subordinate officers under them are mostly Manchus. They direct the manner of entering the Imperial presence, when to advance, when to kneel, when to rise, retire &c. They are responsible for breaches in these matters of Court etiquette.\n\n## National College.\n\nThe chiefs of this institution are one Chinese and one Manchu, but the office is held in connection with some other. The Imperial Academy, the Department of Reference, and the National College are the three departments which have principally to do with literary and educational affairs. It is to be regretted that this College at the Capital and those in the provinces are practically, in modern times at least, of little value considered as educational institutions. The instruction given is more a matter of form than anything else, and but little or no help is afforded by them to students in the way of learning and science.\n\n## Astronomical College (Vol. 86.)\n\nThe chiefs of this institution are one Chinese, and one Portuguese, the offices held in connection with some other. For many years no foreigner has held this office, but the distinguished services of some of the Romish priests, about the time this work was published, were much appreciated by the Chinese Government and people. Quite a large space is given to plates and descriptions of the Astronomical Instruments in the Imperial Observatory.\n\n## Medical Academy.\n\nThere is a large staff of professors and physicians. In theory the Chinese pay much attention to this branch of science, and it has a distinct recognition by the Government. The time cannot be distant when they will accept the theory and practice of the modern school of the West. The science and art of healing in China is very like those of the ancient world in the West. Some of the physicians at Canton have something like a diploma from this Academy which they display.\n\n## Department of the Imperial Household (Vol. 87.)\n\nThis is of course an extensive establishment. The chief is either a high Manchu official or one of the nobility, selected by the Emperor. Under the chief are seven Superintendents of as many departments.\n\n1. Superintendent of Receipts and Disbursements.\n2. Superintendent of Accounts.\n3. Superintendent of Ceremonies (Vols. 88, 89, 90.) There is a supplement attached in regard to Official Education, and Medical Dispensary.\n4. Superintendent in Charge of Parks. (Vol. 91).\n5. Superintendent in charge of Punishments.\n6. Superintendent in charge of Construction.\n7. Superintendent in charge of Herds and Flocks.\n\n## Imperial Stables (Vol. 92). \n## Warder of Gardens.\n\nThere is a supplement in regard to weaving and dyeing.\n\n## Arsenal.\n## Imperial Retinue (Vol. 93). \n## Department of the Commander of Imperial Guard (Vol. 94.)\n\n## Generals of the Eight Banners (Vol. 95.)\n\nThis refers to the eight great divisions of the Manchu people, representing the different armies which were employed in the conquest of China.\n\n## Regulations in regard to the Banners. \n## Population. \n## Lands. \n## Military Regulations (Vol. 98). \n## Teaching and Practice (Vol. 97), \n## Distributing Office. \n## Hereditary Honors. \n## Teaching and Support. \n## Imperial Bounty. \n## Mode of Public Business. \n## Commander of the Vanguard (Vol. 98). \n## Commander of the Guards. \n## Guides. \n## Commander of the Infantry (Vol. 99). \n## Comp of Fire Arms (Vol. 100).\n\n## Guard for Un-Ming-Un (Summer Palace).\n## \"Firm and Courageous\" Camp.\n## \"Three Banner Tiger\" Camp.\n\nThe study of this work takes us back to ancient times, to the days of Marco Polo, and \n\nPage 156", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 321603, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-209 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [5]", "page_number": 16, "title": "CO129-209 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [5]", "content_text": "22\n\nC\n\n15\n\n23\n\n· has now become as much amalgamated with the Chinese as were the Normans with the Saxons in a few generations after the Norman Conquest. Both these high Imperial officers received me, as the Governor of the neighbouring English Colony, with the most perfect respect and courtesy, and with much barbaric \"pomp and circumstance\". As I expressed a wish to see a parade of the Tartar soldiers, the General brought his Bodyguard of picked troops to be inspected by me in the Park attached to the English Yamun. They wore their picturesque national costume, but were armed with excellent rifles and sword bayonets of the most recent pattern. I may add that when the Consul and I, with the officers of my staff, were borne in the customary chairs of state to and from the Palaces of the Governor and the General, we were regarded with eager curiosity but with friendly respect, by the multitudes of the swarming Chinese population which lined the streets. There was not a single hostile or any hostile", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-209 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 327901, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]", "page_number": 279, "title": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]", "content_text": "## 277 \n### ادم \n### 3 \nIt will be recollected that Langoon is the border-fortress in the North of Tonquin, the complications respecting which led to the rupture of the convention agreed upon in the May of last year between the Viceroy Li Hung-Chang and Captain Fournier of the French navy. It is believed that the capture of this commanding position on the frontier will prove an important step towards the completion of the conquest of Tonquin; for its possession by a strong French Force should prevent the entrance of Chinese troops into that province by land; while the French blockading squadron will stop any operations by sea. Admiral Courbet, with a strong French naval force, was for some days in pursuit of the principal Chinese sea-going squadron. On the 15th instant, Chinese frigate and corvette were sunk by torpedoes from the French flag-ship Bayard at Sheipos, not far from Ningpe. The remaining vessels", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 328262, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "page_number": 37, "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "content_text": "# Enclosure\n\n**RECP**\nC. O.\n36\n8932\n**REGE 19 MAY 35**\n\nThe Daily Press.\nHONGKONG, APRIL 9TH, 1885.\n\nIf it be true that peace between France and China is practically concluded, and that the stain of the recent defeat is to remain unerased from the French flag, the wrath of the Saigon community will know no bounds. The Saigonnais of the 2nd instance enumerates the measures which in its opinion the recent occurrences have rendered necessary. First among these it places the despatch of a full army corps to Tonquin; next, the abandonment of Kelung and the reinforcement of General BRIERE DE L'ISLE'S troops by the men at present stationed there; and, third, the granting of full powers to Admiral Courbet, without which he cannot accomplish his \"work of devastation in the China Sea.\" Other measures connected with the political arrangements of Annam and Cambodia are also recommended. Our contemporary urges that all personal and party differences should be sunk in face of the grave emergency that has arisen, and even, with its customary exaggeration, goes so far as to suggest that the whole of Europe should be called upon to declare war against China. \"This colossal empire,\" says the Saigonnais, \"with its inexhaustible resources, is an immense danger to Europe. The Chinese army, disciplined and instructed, constitutes a powerful and threatening enemy to which, in twenty years, resistance will be no longer possible. There will be a brutal invasion by four hundred million men rushing to the conquest of the West - war of race and religion, a war of extermination, without relaxation or mercy. The moment has arrived when this gigantic body must be broken up and its fragments dispersed. Let the European nations, sinking for the time their differences, unite in one decisive effort to remove once for all the peril of which recent events have shown the existence.\" Writing like this can only be regarded as utter nonsense, but it serves to show how great an impression the character of the Chinese forces in Tonquin has made on the French mind. The Saigonnais is not alone in the high estimate it forms of Chinese prowess. The Avenir du Tonkin, writing before the recent reverses occurred, and in view only of the difficulty which had been experienced in overcoming the resistance of the Chinese, not of victories they had achieved, says the Chinese soldiers of to-day bear no resemblance to the unorganised hordes of Tartars that were encountered in the campaign of 1860, their ordnance no longer consists only of prehistoric cannon; progress the Chinese army has made during the twenty-five years that have elapsed since the last war is in fact enormous. Elsewhere the same paper says that in the present war the Chinese army has presented itself under an entirely new aspect, and one calculated to cause some apprehension as to the future of Europe, \"for what would the European armies be in presence of a nation of four hundred million souls sending its immense armies against the West after having become inured to war and familiarised with the principles of military science?\"\n\nThe idea of a Celestial army threatening Europe may be dismissed as unworthy of consideration, but China is certainly acquiring such a position as will enable her to offer a most formidable resistance to any demands made on her from outside. Her southern troops have had a valuable schooling in the recent operations in Tonquin, the effect of which is likely to continue and spread to some extent to the armies of the adjoining provinces, while in the meantime the organisation and drill of the northern forces are being perfected under the tuition of foreign instructors. The military power of China can no longer be ignored, and should other European nations unfortunately ever have to refer to the arbitrament of arms to settle their differences with this great Asiatic power they will do well to profit by the painful experience of France in Tonquin and not underrate the strength of the enemy with whom they have to deal, but send out in the first instance a large expedition strong enough to accomplish the work assigned to it, instead of sending out a small one to be strengthened by driblets of reinforcements after disasters have occurred. To refer back, however, to the utterances of our Saigon contemporaries, if they had spoken of the Chinese armies constituting a menace and threat, not to Europe, but to the French possessions in Indo-China...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 328718, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "page_number": 493, "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "content_text": "and thus learn to be in \ngood \nhumour with England, and, to a large extent, with each other \n\nI have the honour to be, \nelby Lord, Your Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant, \nS.M. Bowen \n\nC \n(1) \n\n## Enclosure \n### The Daily Press \n**HONGKONG, JUN 16TH, 1885** \n## DEATH OF ADMIRAL COURBET \nVice-Admiral Courbet, the Commander-in-Chief of the French fleet in the Far East, died rather suddenly on board his flagship, the Bayard, at Makang, at 11 p.m. on Thursday. The deceased Commander had been very ill with fever some two months ago, but had recovered, and it was only two days before his death that he was again seized with the same malady, to which he rapidly succumbed on this occasion. \n\nThe deceased officer, who was 58 years of age, had spent a very active life in the French naval service. He had been noted for his energy, daring, and his uniform success. At the time he was sent out to this station, during the French conquest of Tonquin, he was regarded by his Government and by the country generally as one of the ablest officers connected with the French Navy, and his death will be felt as a severe loss to the nation. Though very strict in the enforcement of discipline, Admiral Courbet was beloved by the men under his command, and he also possessed their entire confidence. As he was trusted by his subordinates, he was feared by the Chinese, who had a high opinion of his courage and of his abilities, and it is possible that if his death had occurred a month earlier, peace on the present terms would not have been so readily conceded by China. \n\nUntil his appointment in the Tonquin campaign, Admiral Courbet had never held so high and responsible a position, and it may be said that from that time to the end of the long war he never failed in anything he attempted. It \n(2) \nC. O. 431 \n13072 \n`REGT(27 JUL 85)` \nwas under his command that Sontai was captured, which rendered the taking of Bac-ninh and all the rest of the campaign a comparatively easy matter. Though his position as a Naval Officer in command of the military forces in Tonquin was one calculated to cause much jealousy in the army, the gallant Admiral was regarded by the troops there with no other feelings than those of respect and confidence. When he left the command there in other hands and resumed his legitimate sphere of action, he was next heard of in the River Min, where he accomplished a very great success with practically no loss to the French. At Kelung he was not able to do a great deal, owing to the inadequacy of his forces, but he captured the town itself against heavy odds, and not only held it against an ever-increasing and most active enemy, but by subsequent victories improved and enlarged his positions. For the safety of the troops there he was obliged to keep a large portion of his fleet off the town, and those who know the unsheltered nature of the roadstead and the nature of the weather there will agree in thinking him most fortunate in suffering no casualty to his ships. The attack on Tam-sui was not under his command; possibly if it had been it would have been managed differently, with perhaps a different result, or perhaps had he been there the attempt would not have been made. Admiral Courbet's next success was the sinking of two Chinese men-of-war at Shipu, and his last achievement was the silencing of the Chinese fortifications at Makung and the capture of the Pescadores, which was done with but very slight loss to the French. \n\nIt is to be regretted that after so much good service Admiral Courbet should not have been able to return home to enjoy his honours, but should have fallen a victim to disease at the scene of his latest success.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 328726, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "page_number": 501, "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]", "content_text": "\"an Ordinance, book Can will be of amor be bakery be conquest you I have to cause the draft to be first comparing with Ordinances no. 3 of 1881, no. 8 of 1882, no. 9 of 1884, in order that there may be no inconsistency between those measures and the new Law Ordinance.\n\n3. I observe that the draft follows the Straits Ordinance, by copying the misprint \"so be\" at the end of clause 1; by using several clauses that appear in both; and by introducing the term \"Peace Officer\" which, so far as I am aware, is not found in their Hong Kong Ordinances; and introducing the term \"rijovou\" in clause 9, which is suitable to the Straits Settlements, but not to Hong Kong.\n\n4. I also request you to refer to the Attorney General's Thanks Ordinance no. 6 of 1885 (copy of which is enclosed) passed by the fort of that Colony, which found it necessary to keep the power of Deportation alive, which might be required in emergency, for which the other... \nProcla mation, in order to keep always under... reluvc (olary...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 329375, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]", "page_number": 154, "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]", "content_text": "# authority on the paramount subject of finance and trade. (Cheers). We know also that he is admirably qualified to speak about that prosperity of Hongkong which he has himself done so much to promote. (Loud cheers). I will remark only that, as we all know, little more than forty years have passed since the British flag was first hoisted on this island, then a barren and desolate rock, but which already, through the blessing of Providence on the energy and enterprise of our race, has arisen to be the third greatest mart of shipping in the world. (Cheers). And let it never be forgotten that in this colony the victorious industry of our countrymen has made a conquest, not only over man, but over Nature; not for this generation only, but for all posterity-(cheers); not for England only, but for all mankind; for we admit all nations alike to the privileges of our free port, and to the protection of our equal laws. (Cheers). Gentlemen, I second the toast proposed by my gallant friend the French Admiral--\"Prosperity to Hongkong.\" (Loud cheers).\n\nTo the Band-\"Jolly good luck to us all.\"\n\nHon. T. JACKSON, who was received with loud and long continued cheering, in responding to the toast, said Mr. Chairman, I thank His Excellency the Governor and the French Admiral for the very nice way in which they have alluded to the prosperity of Hongkong. I would like to join with them in wishing for Hongkong a little more prosperity than we now possess. (Laughter and cheers.) I have always been a very firm believer in the prosperity of Hongkong, and I am more so now than ever. (Loud cheers.) A very distinguished officer recently said at the Mansion House, \"India is everything.\" That was Sir Frederick Roberts, and I may say like Sir Frederick Roberts, \"Hongkong to me is everything.\" (Loud and long continued cheering.) Situated as we are here, on the confines of perhaps one of the greatest empires in the world, I don't see the end of the prosperity yet in store for Hongkong. (Renewed cheers). I remember when Cyprus was added to the dominions of the British Crown there was a great deal of excitement in England about it, and the reason was that it was adjacent to Asia Minor. But here we are in our tight little island adjacent to Asia Major-(cheers)-which is a thousand times more important than Asia Minor, with all its Turks and everything else. (Laughter and cheers). Gentlemen, we have reason to be proud of Hongkong-Hongkong is the mother of so many little companies-(laughter and cheers)—and of so many little industries. We have our sugar refineries-(laughter)-glass manufactory, rope works, which will spin us many a good yarn in time to come-(laughter and applause)-and the last little bantling is the saké manufactory. (Laughter.) As I have said elsewhere, the freedom of the port is our birthright; and I remember in this very hall, when the late Sir Arthur Kennedy was sitting where Sir George Bowen is sitting now, he said, \"Whatever may come or go stand up for your rights and privileges.\" (Cheers). I say, Sir, that of our rights and privileges the first and foremost is our being a free port, and nothing must interfere with that. (Long continued cheers). Gentlemen, if you will bear with me for a little while I would say that instead of hatching legislation which is likely to interfere with the shipping of Hongkong, which is the life and soul of our prosperity (cheers)—instead of constituting a Scylla and Charybdis here, we should do all we can to draw shipping here by every possible means. (Cheers.) Sir, it only requires a little of the prophetic eye to look forward to the time-and only a little time-long before my young friends present will have entered the ranks of old bufferdom-when perhaps we shall be taking up a Hongkong Daily Press some morning and reading of the launch in Hongkong of the latest addition to the Navy from the shipbuilding and engineering works of the Hongkong and Whampoa Dock Company, Limited, and that the vessel as she glided down into the water was named by Miss Morant the Dowell-(loud cheers)—and after the ceremony was over Sir Digby Morant and all the assembled company repaired to the residence of our colonial peer, Lord Chater of Kowloon (loud cheers and laughter)-where success to the new vessel was drunk. Gentlemen, I have great pleasure in responding to this toast. I am sure we all feel it very keenly. (Laughter and cheers.)\n\nHon. W. KESWICK-Mr. Chairman, Your Excellency, and gentlemen, I have the honour to propose the health of the representatives of foreign countries in this colony. The Consuls-General and Consuls in this colony represent, I believe, seventeen governments, and the official duties of these gentlemen are frequently of an important and of a delicate character. We know that these delicate and important duties have been performed by these representatives with distinguished ability and distinguished courtesy. (Applause). It is too late now for me to make many remarks in introducing this toast to your hearty approval, for the speeches to which we have already listened with so much attention, and I trust benefit, have already occupied a considerable time, and I know that the toast which I have to propose is one which requires few words to ask you to respond to. (Cheers.) Gentlemen, I beg to propose the toast of the Foreign Representatives and to couple with it the name of the distinguished American citizen who represents America amongst us. (Cheers.)\n\nColonel WETHERS-Ar Chairman and gentlemen, I would preface what I have to say by stating that I do not propose to occupy more than five minutes of your valuable time, because happening to meet with a very charming lady this evening she remarked, \"I understand you are going to speak to-night. Please make it short because we want to dance.” (Applause.) Recognising that request as a command I shall not occupy much of your time. I must return my thanks to the Committee for having done me honour to select me to respond to this toast. It is not remarkable that the Consular Service should have received recognition at the hands of a community so commercial as this, for to the Consul is due to some extent, and to an inconsiderable extent, that phenomenal growth and prosperity of which we have heard so many boasts made to-night. For more than two thousand years this consular office has been recognised amongst all civilized nations as indispensable to commercial prosperity and progress; and the vast strides which commerce has made during the last century has drawn the attention of every civilized Government to the importance of selecting the men who can best discharge those duties in such shape as to further that prosperity. (Applause). I would gladly occupy a portion of your time in drawing an ideal picture of what a consul should be, but I cannot do it when I recognise the necessities of my surrounding. I can only say that while prudence and politeness are indispensable to a consul and are found invaluable in the proper discharge of his duties, there are other qualities equally necessary. Although I find myself surrounded by the representatives of the army and navy I dare to assert that while a clear, wise and unbiassed mind is essential to the discharge of consular duties, to that clear, wise and unbiassed intellect should be added the brave heart that shrinks from no danger. (Applause) I say this because the consul has frequently occasion to call these attributes into active service in times of revolution, of anarchy, or of war. The Consul is also frequently called upon to meet danger when others can escape from it, in times of pestilence, when infection is abroad. When the promptings of self-preservation demand that all others shall flee, the Consul, devoted to the interests of the Government he represents, must stand at his post. This, I say, requires a degree of bravery and firmness which if exhibited in the fury of battle would win reputation and renown. (Applause). In conclusion I can only say, as the representative of the Consular Service on this occasion, I return my cordial thanks to the gentleman whom we have met especially to honour for the uniform kindness.\n\nPage 153", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 330232, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]", "page_number": 94, "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]", "content_text": "# FIRST CLASS. HISTORY. Wednesday, 9-12.\n\n1. What do you know of the following: Anselm, Geoffrey of Anjou, Stephen Langton, Simon de Montfort, Maid of Norway, Jack Cade, Perkin Warbeck, Roger Bacon, Sir Thomas More, Cranmer, Sir Francis Drake, and Edmund Spenser.\n\n2. Compare the reigns of Edward II and Richard II.\n\n3. Who fought the following battles and which side won. Northallerton, Fair of Lincoln, Bannockburn, Nevill's Cross, St. Alban's, Tewkesbury, Flodden and Pinkie.\n\n4. In whose reigns did England make great conquests in France. Give the names of the battles.\n\n5. What events happened in 1100, 1172, 1215, 1327, 1483, 1492, 1587, 1600.\n\n6. Write a short account of the conquest of Wales.\n\n# FIRST CLASS. GRAMMAR. Tuesday, 2-4.30.\n\n1. Explain how some propositions come to have the function of conjunctions, give examples. Are there any instances of the converse?\n\n2. Give 6 examples of each of the sub-divisions into which you would separate Adverbs of Time.\n\n3. What is the difference between Restrictive and Co-ordinate clauses. Give illustrations.\n\n4. Under what circumstances does the predicate precede the subject.\n\n5. Analyse-This being admitted can it be denied that the education of the common people is a most effectual means of securing our persons and our property.\n\n6. Parse the underlined words in the following- Both the panther and the leopard are widely diffused through the tropical regions of the old world, so that they have a much more extensive range than either the tiger or lion.\n\n7. Paraphrase: Old men and beldams, in the streets, Do prophesy upon it dangerously; Young Arthur's death is common in their mouths; And when they talk of him they shake their heads And whisper one another in the ear And he that speaks doth gripe the hearer's wrist: And he that hears makes fearful action, With wrinkled brows, with nods, with rolling eyes.\n\n# FIRST CLASS. GEOGRAPHY. Thursday, 2-4.30.\n\n1. Give the names of the principal rivers whose basins incline to the Atlantic.\n\n2. Describe accurately the positions of Kiev, Stettin, Antwerp, Rouen, Malaga, Leghorn, Belgrade, Prague, Bergen, Helsingfors, Aberdeen, Cadiz, Cork and Bristol.\n\n3. Mention the Capes, Islands, and Seas a ship would pass and traverse in sailing from Liverpool to Archangel.\n\n4. Classify the Countries of Europe according to their religions.\n\n5. Give roughly the extreme limits of Latitude and Longitude which bound the European Continent. What are the most Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western Capes.\n\n6. Describe carefully the causes of a lunar and of a solar eclipse.\n\n7. What are the causes of the Trade winds?\n\n# FIRST CLASS. MAP DRAWING.\n\n# FIRST CLASS. Translation into Chinese.\n\nThe inhabitants of the sea-shore in tropical countries wait every morning with patience for the coming of the sea breeze. It usually sets in about ten o'clock. Then the sultry heat of the oppressive morning is dissipated, and there is a delightful freshness in air, which seems to give new life to all for their daily labours. About sunset there is again another calm. The sea breeze is now over, and in a short time the land breeze sets in. This alternation of the land and sea breezes—a wind from the sea by day, and from the land by night—is so regular, in the tropical countries, that it is looked for by the people with as much confidence as the rising and setting of the sun.\n\n# FIRST CLASS. Translation into English.\n\n生於泥者乎若不勤加洗濯將日積月累疾病多由此而生小民肩挑貿易操作任勞以致身積垢穢衣染塵渙向防穢氣之薰蒸曳從容猶恐汗汚之滯結况並重此非徒欲壯觀贍實欲以杜疾病耳夫優游津梁禮言儒士浴身與浴德同稱詩詠后妃薄衣與薄私亦間有此等頑梗無知之輩可勝慨哉何相待之刻薄耶然此不但中國爲然凡各處地方離不開病者之呼號故嘗見其隕身不顧者有之噫或以言語激其怒或以戲弄誘其狂徒逞一時之笑旁觀任其無辜而已豈不惜哉甚至有等無賴之徒規條所載凡有瘋狂之人醫院多不收要亦袖手凡有疾病皆蒙醫治而於癲狂則以爲莫可救藥故\n\n# FIRST CLASS. DICTATION.\n\nA majestic uniformity is the character of European woods, which often consist of only one species of tree; but in the tropical forests an immense variety of families strive for existence, and even in a small space one tree scarcely ever resembles its neighbour. Even at a distance this difference becomes apparent in the irregular outlines of the forests, as here a dome-shaped crown, there a pointed pyramid, rises above the broad flat masses of green, in ever varying succession. On approaching differences of colour are added to irregularities of form; for while our forests are destitute of the ornament of flowers, many tropical trees have large blossoms, mixing in thick bunches with the leaves, and often entirely overpowering the verdure of the foliage by their gaudy tints.\n\n# FIRST CLASS. COMPOSITION.\n\nDescribe the origin, object, and results of International Exhibitions.\n\n## Government Central School.\n\n**GEO. H. BATESON WRIGHT, M.A.,** \nHead Master.\n\nEurope,.....from memory - \n\nPage 92 \nFeb.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 334144, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "page_number": 428, "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "content_text": "EXAMINERS.\n\n12. The Examiners will be the Board of Examiners. Three will form a quorum.\n\nSUBJECTS.\n\n13. The subjects, with the maximum marks attached, will be the following:\n\n \n English Grammar,\n 31\n \n \n Composition,\n 37\n \n \n History,\n \"\n \n \n Literature,\n \"\n \n \n Geography,\n \"\n \n \n Arithmetic,\n 100\n \n \n Algebra,\n 200\n \n \n Euclid, Mensuration,\n 600\n \n \n \n .150\n \n \n \n .150\n \n \n \n .100\n \n \n \n .100\n \n \n \n .100\n \n \n \n > 500\n \n \n \n .100\n \n \n \n .100\n \n\nLatin, or Chemistry, or both, may be offered instead of Euclid or Mensuration, or both, and will be allowed 100 marks each.\n\n14. No candidate will be elected who fails to get 400 marks in the four English subjects, together with 300 marks in the remaining subjects.\n\nDETAILS OF SUBJECTS.\n\nVERNMENT NOTIFICATION No. 189\n\nThe following paper, presented to the Legislative Council, by command of His Excellency the Governor, on the 28th February last, is published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 17th May, 1884.\n\nHongkong.\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\n\n-Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\n15. Instead of Composition, Chinese Candidates will be allowed to offer Translation from Chinese into English.\n\nHistory.-An Epoch to be selected from time to time by the Examiners.\n\nLiterature.-A Hand book on English Literature, some special play or plays of Shakespeare or work of other English poet to be selected from time to time by the Examiners.\n\nGeography-Political and Physical General, but special knowledge of China, of the British Isles, and of the British Colonies and Dependencies will be required.\n\nArithmetic. All the subjects included in the usual standard text books.\n\nAlgebra. To Quadratic Equations inclusive.\n\nEuclid-Book I at least.\n\nLatin. Some simple book as Cæsar or Cornelius Nepos, with Grammar and Translation of short simple sentences into Latin.\n\nChemistry.-Elementary.\n\n16. In every case the names of the first six candidates will be published in the Gazette in order of merit, with the number of marks obtained and the names of the Colleges where they were educated.\n\n17. It will be in the discretion of the Examiners to select, with the approval of the Governor, the College to which the holder of the Scholarship shall be sent; but King's College, London, is recommended as the best suited for finishing the education of boys and beginning the course of study required by men in the same establishment.\n\nHongkong, 2nd January, 1884.\n\nIn connexion with paragraph 15 of the above Regulations, His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to direct that, for the examination to be held in December next,\n\nThe Epoch in History shall be-The Early History of England to the Conquest:\n\nThe Hand Book on English Literature, Stopford Brooke's Primer:\n\nThe Play of Shakespeare, The Tempest :\n\nLatin, Cæsar, Book 1:\n\nChemistry, Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds, (Roscoe's Elements recommended): Euclid, Book I.\n\nMedicine, or Civil Engineering, in Great Britain, the United Kingdom for the study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom)\n\n1. The Government of Hongkong offers two Scholarships of £200 (two hundred pounds) each, per annum, for four years, to students of Victoria, St. Joseph's, and St. Paul's Colleges in the Colony of Hongkong, on the following conditions:\n\n2. One Scholarship will be awarded in each alternate year.\n\n4. The Scholarships will be awarded, after competitive examination, to the Candidate who obtains the highest marks, but subject to the restrictions mentioned below in §§ 6 and 7.\n\nCANDIDATES.\n\nThe Candidates will be students approved by the Governor from Victoria, St. Joseph's, and St. Paul's Colleges, Hongkong; and will be required to bring the following certificates from the Head master of the respective College:\n\n(a.) Certificate of good moral character.\n\n(b.) Certificate of age. Candidates must not exceed 20 years, nor be below 17 years.\n\n(c.) Certificates that they have been students, for at least the three (3) years last past previous to the Examination, at the College that presents them, or at any two of the above named Colleges.\n\nThe successful candidate will be required:\n\n(a.) To proceed to England within two months of his election.\n\n(b.) On his arrival there, to report himself to the Colonial Office as having entered his name at the College specified by the Colonial Government, forwarding in proof thereof a letter from the Principal.\n\n(c.) To forward quarterly to the Crown Agents for the Colonies a certificate of good conduct and proficiency in study from the Principal or Head, upon receipt of which the quarterly instalment of his Scholarship will be paid to him.\n\nThe holder of the Scholarship will cease to be entitled to draw any money if he fail in any of these requirements.\n\n9. Passage will be paid to England by the Government.\n\n10. Return Passage will also be paid, if nothing shall have occurred to disqualify the holder of the Scholarship.\n\nEXAMINATION.\n\n11. The holder of the Scholarship will not be allowed to remove to any other College or Institution than the one specified by the Examiners, without the permission of the Secretary of State.\n\n12. The time of Examination will be within the fourteen days of the month of December. The Examination will take place in December, 1884, and due notice of the day and hour will be given in the Government Gazette.\n\nOctober", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 334145, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "page_number": 429, "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "content_text": "Diploma of the University of Cambridge.\n\nThere will be an Examiner and person so appointed may be by desocia approved.\n\n14. The Examiners will be the Board of Examiners.\n\n15. The Inspector of Schools will act as local presiding officer for the purpose of such examination on the Governor's behalf.\n\n16. The subjects, with the maximum marks attached, will be the following:\n\n \n English Grammar,\n 100\n \n \n Composition,\n 200\n \n \n History,\n 150\n \n \n Literature,\n 150\n \n \n Geography,\n 100\n \n \n Arithmetic,\n 100\n \n \n Algebra, Euclid, Mensuration,\n 100\n \n \n \n 500\n \n \n Latin, or Chemistry, or both, may be offered instead of Euclid or Mensuration, or both, and will be allowed 100 marks each.\n \n \n\n17. No candidate will be elected who fails to get 400 marks in the four English subjects, together with 300 marks in the remaining subjects.\n\nDETAILS OF SUBJECTS.\n\n18. Instead of Composition, Chinese Candidates will be allowed to offer Translation from Chinese into English.\n\nHistory.--An Epoch to be selected from time to time by the Examiners.\n\nLiterature. A Hand-book on English Literature, and some special play or plays of Shakespeare or work of other English poet to be selected from time to time by the Examiners.\n\nGeography. General, Political, and Physical; special knowledge of China, of the British Isles, and of the British Colonies and Dependencies, will be required.\n\nArithmetic. All the subjects included in the usual standard text books.\n\nAlgebra.-To Quadratic Equations inclusive.\n\nEuclid. Books I and areas of the surface of solids.\n\nMensuration.\n\nLatin-Some ample book of Cæsar with Grammar and Translation of short simple sentences into Latin.\n\nChemistry. Elementary. (See separate sheet annexed).\n\n19. Immediately after the receipt of the results of the examination, the names of the first six candidates will be published in the Gazette in order of merit, with the number of marks obtained and the names of the Colleges where they were educated.\n\n17. It will be in the discretion of the Examiners to select, with the approval of the Governor, the College to which the holder of the Scholarship shall be sent but King's College, London, is recommended as the best suited for finishing the education of boys and beginning the course of study required by men in the same establishment.\n\nHongkong, 2nd January, 1884.\n\nIn connexion with paragraph 15 of the above Regulations, His Excellency the Governor has been pleased to direct that, for the examination to be held in December next,\n\nThe Epoch in History shall be The Early History of England to the Conquest : The Hand Book on English Literature, Stopford Brooke's Primer : The Play of Shakespeare, The Tempest.\n\nLatin, Cæsar, Book I:\n\nChemistry, Non-metallic Elements and their Compounds, (Roscoe's Elements recommended); Euclid, Book I.\n\n3. The holder of a Scholarship can select the Collegiate course he wishes to follow or the Institution where he is to study subject to the approval of the Governor or the Secretary of State for the Colonies, but King's College, London, is recommended as the best suited for finishing the education of boys and beginning the course of study required by men in the same establishment.\n\nC. Every Candidate will be required to undergo a Medical examination with a view to ascertaining that he is in a sound state of health.\n\n9. (continued) and in special cases where the Head Master certifies it to be absolutely necessary. $150 will be made for the purposes of outfit, but the whole amount must be repaid through the Crown Agents, in quarterly instalments, during the first year of the Scholarship.\n\n19. Within a month after the conclusion of examination, all details concerning the successful candidate will be published.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 334146, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "page_number": 430, "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "content_text": "Enclosure 3.\n\nC. O.\n\nof the next evening examination will be published in the Government Gazette\n\nWith reference to paragraph 18 of the above Amended Regulations for Government Scholarships for the study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom, notice is hereby given that the following additional details of subjects, selected by the Inspector of Schools for the purposes of the next examination to be held in October, 1888, have been provisionally approved by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government:-\n\nHistory. In addition to general questions regarding the outlines of English History, special questions will be set with reference to the period of the Plantagenets (from Henry II to Richard II).\n\nEnglish Literature.-The period from the Conquest to Chaucer's death (Morley's First Sketch of English Literature). General questions will also be set with reference to the History of English Literature (Stopford Brooke's English Literature Primer).\n\nPlay of Shakespeare. Julius Caesar (with simple questions on the history of the words and the construction of sentences, and other questions arising out of the subject).\n\nLatin.-Cæsar de bello Gallico, liber I. Grammatical and other questions will be set on the language and subject matter of the book. One or more easy passages, not contained in the book, will be set for translation into Latin, & vocabulary of the less familiar words being given.\n\nChemistry. Hydrogen and the Oxides of Hydrogen (Roscoe's Lessons on Elementary Chemistry).\n\nElements of Euclid.-Book II (with questions, deductions and algebraical applications) and Book IV (text of Euclid only).\n\n(In C. S. O. 188+)\n\nHONGKONG.\n\n13140 423\n\nRECE\n\nREGE 4 JUI 87)\n\nAmended Regulations for Government Scholarships for the Study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering, in the United Kingdom, (18th May, 1887.)\n\n1. The Government of Hongkong offers, for the study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom, two Scholarships of £200 (two hundred pounds) each, per annum, for four years, to students of Victoria, St. Joseph's, and St. Paul's Colleges in the Colony of Hongkong, on the following conditions :-\n\n2. One Scholarship will be awarded in each alternate year.\n\n3. The holder of a Scholarship can select the Collegiate course he wishes to follow or the Institution where he is to study, subject to the approval of the Governor or the Secretary of State for the Colonies, but King's College, London, is recommended as the best suited for finishing the education of boys and beginning the course of study required by men in the same establishment.\n\n4. The Scholarships will be awarded, after competitive examination, to the Candidate who obtains the highest marks, but subject to the restrictions mentioned below in paragraphs 5, 6 and 7.\n\nCANDIDATES.\n\n5. The Candidates will be students previously approved by the Governor from Victoria, St. Joseph's, and St. Paul's Colleges in the Colony of Hongkong, and will be required to bring the following certificates from the Head Master of the respective College :-\n\n(a.) Certificate of good moral character.\n\n(b.) Certificate of age. Candidates must not exceed 20 years, nor be below 17 years.\n\n(c) Certificates stating that they have been students, for at least the three (3) years last past previous to the Examination, at the College that presents them or at any two of the above named Colleges.\n\n6. Every Candidate will be required to undergo a Medical Examination with a view to ascertaining that he is in a sound state of health.\n\n7. The successful Candidate will be required,\n\n(a.) To proceed to England within two months of his election.\n\n(b) On his arrival there to report himself to the Colonial Office as having entered his name at the College or Institution, approved by the Governor or Secretary of State, forwarding in proof thereof a letter from the Principal.\n\n(c.) To forward quarterly to the Crown Agents for the Colonies a certificate of good conduct and proficiency in study from the Principal or Head, upon receipt of which the quarterly instalment of his Scholarship will be paid to him.\n\n8. The holder of the Scholarship will cease to be entitled to draw any money if he fail in any of these requirements.\n\n9. Passage will be paid to England by the Government, and in special cases, where the Headmaster certifies it to be absolutely necessary, an advance of $150 will be made for purposes of outfit, but the whole amount must be repaid through the Crown Agents, in quarterly instalments, during the first year of the Scholarship.\n\n10. Return passage will also be paid, if nothing shall have occurred to disqualify the holder of the Scholarship.\n\n11. The holder of the Scholarship will not be allowed to remove to another College or Institution without the permission of the Secretary of State.\n\nEXAMINATION.\n\n12. The time of examination will be within the last fourteen days of the month of October.\n\n13. The next examination will take place in October, 1888, and due notice of the day and hour will be given in the Government Gazette.\n\nEXAMINERS.\n\n14. The Examiners will be the Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.\n\n15. The Inspector of Schools will act as local Presiding Examiner and may associate with himself for the purpose such person or persons as may be approved by the Governor.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 334147, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "page_number": 431, "title": "CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5]", "content_text": "SUBJECTS.\n\n16. The subjects, with the maximum marks attached, will be the following:-\n\nEnglish Grammar, 13\n\nComposition, 17\n\nHistory, 100\n\nLiterature, 200\n\nGeography, 150\n\nArithmetic, 150\n\nAlgebra, 100\n\nEuclid, 100\n\nMensuration, 100\n\nLatin, or Chemistry, or both, may be offered instead of Euclid or Mensuration, or both, and will be allowed 100 marks each.\n\n17. No candidate will be elected who fails to get 400 marks in the four English subjects, together with 300 marks in the remaining subjects.\n\nDETAILS OF SUBJECTS.\n\n18. History. An epoch to be selected from time to time by the Inspector of Schools.\n\nLiterature. A hand-book on English literature, and a special play of Shakespeare, or work of any other English poet, to be selected from time to time by the Inspector of Schools.\n\nGeography-General, political and physical geography, but special knowledge of the British Isles, of the British Colonies and Dependencies, and of China, will be required.\n\nArithmetic.-All the subjects included in the usual standard text books.\n\nAlgebra. To quadratic equations inclusive.\n\nEuclid.--I to IV.\n\nMensuration. Lengths, areas, volumes, and areas of the surfaces of solids.\n\nLatin-A book of Caesar, with grammar and translation of short simple sentences into Latin.\n\nChemistry.-Elementary.\n\n19. Within a month after the conclusion of an examination, all details concerning the subjects of the next ensuing examination will be published in the Government Gazette.\n\nRESULT OF EXAMINATION.\n\n20. Immediately after the receipt of the decision of the Examiners, the names of the first six candidates will be published in each case in the Government Gazette in the order of merit, with the number of marks obtained and the names of the Colleges where they were educated.\n\nCORRESPONDENCE.\n\n21. All correspondence with the Government and with the Syndicate of the University of Cambridge on subjects connected with the Government Scholarships must be sent through the Inspector of Schools for the time being.\n\n22. Candidates who intend to compete at the next examination should send in their names to the Inspector of Schools not later than 1st December next, together with the evidence required under paragraphs 5 and 6. The complete list of Candidates will be open to the inspection of Headmasters during the first week in December.\n\nWith reference to paragraph 18 of the above Amended Regulations for Government Scholarships for the study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom, notice is hereby given that the following additional details of subjects, selected by the Inspector of Schools for the purposes of the next examination to be held in October, 1888, have been provisionally approved by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government:---\n\n\"History.-- In addition to general questions regarding the outlines of English History, special questions will be set with reference to the period of the Plantagenets (from Henry II to Richard II).\n\nEnglish Literature. The period from the Conquest to Chaucer's death (Morley's First Sketch of English Literature). General questions will also be set with reference to the History of English Literature (Stopford Brooke's English Literature: Primer).\n\nPlay of Shakespeare.-Julius Cæsar (with simple questions on the history of the words and the construction of sentences, and other questions arising out of the subject).\n\nLatin.--Cæsar de bello Gallico, liber I. Grammatical and other questions will be set on the language, and subject matter of the book. One or more easy passages, not contained in the book, will be set for translation into Latin, a vocabulary of the less familiar words being given.\n\nChemistry. Hydrogen and the Oxides of Hydrogen (Roscoe's Lessons on Elementary Chemistry).\n\nElements of Euclid.--Book II (with questions, deductions and algebraical applications) and Book IV (text of Euclid only).\n\nMemorandum by the Inspector of Schools on the Hongkong Government Scholarships, Amended Scheme.\n\nThe amendment made in the Scheme consists of certain points omitted, altered, or newly introduced.\n\n1. Omitted is only paragraph (15 of the original Scheme) viz: the option given to Chinese candidates of offering translation from Chinese into English, instead of English Composition. The reasons for this omission are (a) that no candidate hitherto availed himself of that option, (b) that under ordinary circumstances, one would not care to avail himself of it (c) that examination in the Chinese language would embarrass the working of the Scheme through the Syndicate of the University of Cambridge.\n\n2. The alterations made in the original Scheme are entirely...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-232 - Acting Governor Marsh Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [4-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 344806, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890", "page_number": 804, "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890", "content_text": "The Colonial Secretary\n\nThe Colonial Department\n\nDowning Street\n\nLondon, S.W.\n\n[Telegram]\n\n11 APR 90\n\nTo April 1890.\n\nAs intimated by The Queen's Remembrancer for Scotland I fully intimated to ... the transmission today to the Civil Authorities in Hong Kong of the Police Force Hong Kong who did there ...\n\nfor the Colonies the sterling being ten per cent Exchange ...\n\n... of ...\n\nJ.. ConCable\n\nthe nett interest\n\n... with much regret\n\nthat ... hours\n\n16. The Conquest ...\n\nnett Stati...\n\n... caused\n\n... their intimation\n\n1689. pass to\n\nThe balance of ...\n\n... own receipt\n\n... your Servant..\n\nRare lar Gordon\n\nSolicitor.\n\nPage 3693 appears to be a telegram or letter fragment with significant OCR errors and missing text.\n\nHowever, to follow the instructions to the letter as requested, here is the revised output in HTML format without the extra commentary:\n\nThe Colonial Secretary\n\nDowning Street\n\nLondon. S.W.\n\n11 APR 90\n\nA. A. to april 1890.\n\nAs intimated by The Queen's Remembrancer for Scotland I fully intimated to ... the transmission today to the Civil Authorities in Hong Kong of the Police Force Hong Kong who did there ...\n\nfor the Colonies the sterling being ten per cent Exchange ...\n\n... of ...\n\nJ.. ConCable\n\nthe nett interest\n\n... with much regret\n\nthat ... hours\n\n16. The Conquest ... nett Stati...\n\n... caused ... their intimation\n\n1689. pass to\n\nThe balance of ... own receipt\n\n... your Servant..\n\nRare lar Gordon\n\nSolicitor.\n\nPage 800\n\n3693\n\n4\n\nchy Lord\n\nRegin", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 347643, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "page_number": 85, "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891", "content_text": "29 \n\nYour servant at once proceeded, on receipt of the above instructions, to address a despatch to the British Foreign Office, quoting the rule of international law, and the established practice of all nations, and stating that China was at liberty to appoint Consuls to reside at different places in the British dominions under those rules, and that as soon as preliminary arrangements should have been made with the Foreign Office your servant would communicate with the Tsung-li Yamên with a view to making satisfactory dispositions, &c.\n\nIn your servant's humble opinion, Consuls are very important functionaries, whilst on the other hand the number of Chinese in the various islands of the South Seas is very great.\n\nUnless a comprehensive view of the whole bearings be taken, it is impossible to be certain what is our true interest in any particular point; and, unless arrangements are made with each country, it is impossible to know what takes place in this or that corner of the world. Your servant therefore begs to lay the whole subject from beginning to end before his august Master.\n\nAs a rule, most foreign States hold commerce to be a foundation of strength and wealth, and they always appoint Consuls at the ports open to trade in each other's countries, in order to protect the merchant. Whenever there are any harassing laws, these remonstrate from time to time in such wise that merchants ply their vocation in comfort, and trade goes on flourishing. At the same time officers travelling for information, and artisans of all kinds, find a home wherever they go.\n\nThe power of Consuls sent by the different European States to China is, however, greater than in other cases, the reason being that, at first, China was ignorant of foreign affairs, and consented to their jurisdiction over their nationals in China, just as though they were local executive officials. In all cases in which foreigners are concerned, such as homicide, claims for debt, &c., it is always the Consul who deals with the case himself, and this often thwarts the action of our own local authorities; the frequent disputes which used to arise in the different Chinese ports were often at bottom owing to this arrangement. Yet even the Consuls in other countries, who have no executive power, and are only there, nominally at least, for the protection of trade, even these officers are looked upon as very important by the different States; and whenever any international interest calls for it, arrangements are made to appoint one, for, the more far-reaching the branches, the stronger the trunk; the wider the sources of information, the more effectual the springs of action; the happier the people, the wider a country's influence. All this goes without saying.\n\nOf the Chinese Consuls abroad, as regards England, there is the Singapore Consul; as regards America, there is the Consul-General at San Francisco, and the Consul at New York; in Spain there is the Consul-General for Cuba, and the Consul at Matanzas; in Peru there is the Consul at Callao; in Japan there are the Consuls at Nagasaki, Yokohama, and Kobé, with a Vice-Consul at Hakodadi; the Tsung-li Yamên having from time to time arranged with the Envoys abroad so that the appointments in North and South America and in Japan are tolerably numerous.\n\nBut, as regards the islands in the Southern Seas, scattered about in every direction, these are of still closer importance to China. The number of Chinese who have gone thither to reside, to trade, to act as coolies, to cultivate the soil, or to engage in mining, reaches a total of 3,000,000 or more.\n\nComparing the results of his own experience with the language of Chang Chi-tung's Memorial, your servant thinks that, of the places where Chinese have congregated most thickly, there are four spots in the Dutch and Spanish Colonies to which Consuls should be appointed, to wit: Deli, in Sumatra; Samarang, and the ports near it, Batavia, and Manila. In the English and French Colonies there are five places, to wit: Saigon, Tonquin, Hong Kong, Australia, and Rangoon, in Burmah. As regards such other places as Penang, &c., there will be plenty of time to devise means according to opportunity, either to make the nearest Consul act for these places too, or to select well-to-do merchants or gentlemen, giving them the title of Vice-Consul, and a small allowance, and placing them under the nearest Consul; and this accordingly as needs are or are not pressing, and as means suggest themselves. In any case, the expense will not be very great. In the islands of the South Seas, for instance, only a dozen or so of Consuls are required for the complete establishment of the higher grade, and, even after lesser additions shall have been made from time to time, the total expense ought not to exceed £20,000 a-year.\n\nYour servant understands that 15 per cent. of the Foreign Customs collection is appropriated annually to the cost of Missions abroad—about £300,000;* but of late years the total cost of all Missions, including the expense of the peripatetic inquiry officers, has only amounted to about £120,000 a-year. The Tsung-li Yamên's proposal was to reserve the balance for future requirements of the same nature in other countries; but, in the humble opinion of your servant, Envoys having already been appointed to all the first class Great Powers, whilst Powers of the second and third rank are attended to by the nearest Envoy in addition to his original duties, there will be no necessity for the present to make further appointments. If, on the other hand, these dozen or so of Consular appointments are gradually made, commerce will improve, the people will grow richer, and a responsive sympathy will beat in the internal administration at home. Besides, popular aspirations abroad will be gratified, and the Chinese will no longer entertain feelings of disappointed hope. Incalculable advantage, not appearing on the surface, will be reaped, and foreigners will not be furnished with ground for ridiculing us; the benefits resulting from this will be ten times greater than the expense incurred.\n\n30 \n\nLooking over the Returns of Trade of the different States, and the Comparative Tables of Exports and Imports, your servant observes that from £2,000,000 to £4,000,000 in silver leaves China every year for foreign countries. He also observes that the amounts remitted annually from California by Chinese resident there have for several years past reached the total of about £2,000,000 a-year. Though the rate of wages there is comparatively high, yet the number of Chinese is not so very large; so that it may be guessed what sums are remitted from Cuba and Peru, and the same thing may be said of the islands in the south. Now, the balance of trade is very much against China, but some alleviation arises, it thus appears, from the earnings of Chinese abroad, which go to redress the balance in some degree. If this source of income should be closed once more, silver in China will become scarcer than ever, and the poverty of the people being extreme, untoward events are to be dreaded.\n\nTo take Singapore as a single instance: our Consul there has been established for thirteen years, and the total expenditure has not amounted to £25,000, whilst the amounts received as subscriptions towards the various famines and towards the coast defences have reached double that sum: 140,000 or 150,000 merchants and labourers would probably send to China from £2,000,000 to £4,000,000.\n\nThough Consuls appointed to places abroad have no powers of jurisdiction over Chinese, yet it is certainly their business to protect Chinese subjects. In the event of the Treaties being revised, there must be a provision that our Consuls shall be able to discuss any matter that may come before them with the authority of the place. The foreign officials will thus be able to gain information through the Consul, and the people of the place will be chary about treating Chinese vexatiously or tyrannically. Nay, more, our Envoys abroad, when they may see fit to argue any question with the Foreign Offices, will also have to depend upon what the Consuls report to support their contentions. In this way the foreign officials will be more careful how they act towards Chinese. These are the reasons why the appointment of Consuls is indispensable; while, as regards places where there already are Consuls, unquestionably advantages such as those indicated have already accrued.\n\nThe benefits gained by Chinese emigrants abroad are even now somewhat less than they used to be; but, if it were possible to appoint Consuls to all the ports in the Southern Seas, it would not be too late to right things again, and to open up a decided source of advantage. The reason why this advice comes so late, and has not been much acted upon so far, is that, when the Treaties with the different countries were made, China did not know much about foreign places, nor was she aware that there were so many Chinese abroad. Consequently, we gave them the power to appoint Consuls in China, but inserted no provision about our having Consuls abroad. Again, the great marts which the different States have created out of unoccupied islands have owed almost all their prosperity to Chinese immigration, whilst the number of Europeans there is really very small. As soon as ever we begin to talk about appointing Consuls they are certain to set up a howl about our supplanting their rights, and standing in the way of their tyrannical taxation and schemes of conquest. For this reason they are certain to refuse our demands outright at first, and procrastinate as much as possible afterwards. The Foreign Office will pretend that it must consult the \n*The revenue from this source is from £2,500,000 to £3,000,000, but is usually divided into (1) the 1% fund, and (2) the ... fund. Possibly the ... fund means × \n\n[559]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 350764, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892", "page_number": 431, "title": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892", "content_text": "Enclosure to 2.0. letter Hay Kong &\n\n1313\n\nto Treasury 18.18.92 I to Colonial Office 19.11.\n\n$428\n\nfuture expenditure should the defence of the Colony subsequently necessitate the provision of other lands or buildings. (Paragraphs 5 and 6, Appendix B, No. 7; and paragraph 2 of No. 16.)\n\n36. If the Colonial Office proposals were accepted, all expenditure on Colonial military lands and buildings would have to be provided by Votes of the Colonial Governments, without reference to valuable assets placed at their disposal, a process the difficulty of which the Government have had many recent opportunities of gauging. To adopt those proposals, therefore, would but add another to the many obstacles that already exist to obtaining from Colonies reasonable and equitable contributions towards the cost of their defence.\n\n37. Paragraphs 1 to 46 of Appendix A show what the policy of the Government has been on this question for more than 60 years. In Mr. Campbell-Bannerman's opinion that policy has been reasonable and equitable, and no sufficient reasons are advanced for changing it in a way that would inevitably entail increased expenditure on Imperial funds.\n\nA copy of this letter and its enclosures has been forwarded to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servant,\n\n(Signed)\n\nWM. WOODALL.\n\n225\n\nTOP PIN\n\nCase to be submitted to the Law Officers of the Crown on the subject of Colonial Military Lands and Buildings.\n\nIn many colonies, lands and buildings, the property of the Crown, are held by the Secretary of State for War for defence purposes. Some of these properties passed into military possession immediately on the conquest of the colonies, others have been assigned, with or without deeds, by Colonial Governments, to the Military authorities.\n\nIn course of time as such properties became obsolete or useless for defence purposes, they have been dealt with in a variety of ways. In some cases they have been handed over by the military to the colony free from any conditions, in others they have been sold to the colony, in some cases they have been sold to private individuals, in other cases they have been exchanged with the colony for other properties, and in many instances they have been surrendered to colonies temporarily on special conditions as to user, or permanently, on condition that, if troops were again quartered in the places concerned, the colony would provide accommodation for them.\n\nIn the Mauritius, where a colonial military Crown property, no longer required for military purposes, had been sold by the Military authorities to a private individual, with a view to the proceeds being applied to the provision of other military accommodation in the colony, the question was raised as to the power of the Secretary of State for War to give a valid title to colonial military Crown lands which he only held in trust for defence purposes. (Appendix A.)\n\nIt was decided by the Law Officers that he could not give a title, and therefore, practically, that he could not, without the consent of the Governor, sell such properties in the open market. (Appendix A.)\n\nA committee, representing the War and Colonial Offices and the Treasury, was then requested to consider how such properties should be dealt with. After disposing of the particular case which gave rise to its appointment, by recommending that the colony should complete the sale by giving a title, and that the full proceeds of the sale should be devoted to the provision of barracks on another site—recommendations which were approved and carried out—the Committee on 27th March, 1889, made the further report. (Appendix A.)\n\nThe Committee's recommendations were approved by the Secretaries of State for War and the Colonies and by the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury, and their substance was embodied in the Colonial Office circular of 9th June, 1890, and submitted to Colonial Governments for their \"information and guidance unless\" they had any serious objections of principle to urge against the proposal.\" (Appendix B, Nos. 1 to 9, and enclosures.)\n\nThe Committee laid down the principle, which was approved by the Government, that all such military properties and their values should be treated as part of a capital sum devoted to defensive purposes, and that when they are disposed of by sale, or by transfer to the Civil Government, their realized, or estimated, values should, as hereinafter detailed, be retained by the Colonial Governments, and be held by them available towards the provision of such other lands or buildings as it may subsequently be necessary to acquire for defensive purposes.\" (Paragraph 56 of Report, Appendix A.)\n\n(436)-579w0", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 351666, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]", "page_number": 581, "title": "CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4]", "content_text": "Enclosure\n\nI have the honour to be, My Lord Marquess, Your Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\nWilliam Robin's 27\n\nGOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.—No. 55.\n\n576\n\nThe following Report of the Hongkong Government Scholarship Examination, 1892, together with the Summary of Results, as required by Rule 20 of the Regulations for Government Scholarships for the study of Law, Medicine, or Civil Engineering in the United Kingdom, is published.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 11th February, 1893.\n\nG. T. M. O'BRIEN,\n\nColonial Secretary.\n\nREPORT OF THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT SCHOLARSHIP EXAMINATION, 1892.\n\nTo the Secretary of the LOCAL EXAMINATIONS AND LECTURES SYNDICATE OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.\n\nSIR—We beg leave to submit to you our report on the above-named examination, which we have recently conducted at your direction.\n\nIn the first place, we present a table of the marks obtained by the five selected candidates.\n\n \n Index Number.\n NAME.\n ENGLISH SUBJECTS\n OTHER SUBJECTS\n Grand Total.\n \n \n \n \n Grammar.\n History.\n Literature.\n Total.\n Geography.\n Mensuration.\n Arithmetic.\n Algebra.\n Total.\n \n \n \n 1\n Jamsedjee Pestonjee\n 78\n 69\n 76\n 87\n 310\n 86\n 96\n \n \n \n 778\n \n \n 2\n Leung Kwong-hin\n 138\n 94\n \n 104\n 414\n 65\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n 3\n Thomas Cock\n \n 124\n 97\n \n 352\n 59\n \n 81\n \n 401\n 695\n \n \n 4\n G. A. Ivanovich\n 81\n 167\n 72\n 111\n 431\n 76\n 93\n 100\n 95\n 458\n 889\n \n \n 5\n A. C. Gomes\n 63\n 110\n 42\n 36\n 261\n 36\n 58\n \n 121\n \n 502\n \n \n \n Full Marks\n 100\n 200\n 130\n 130\n 600\n 100\n 100\n 100\n 100\n 500\n 1100\n \n\nOn the above table, we may remark that candidates 1, 4, and 3 satisfied the condition of obtaining at least 400 marks in the English subjects; the same candidates and also No. 2 satisfied the condition of obtaining at least 300 marks in the other subjects. We desire to commend in general the papers of the three candidates IVANOVICH, COCK, and PESTONJEE, who have qualified themselves for election in both parts of the examination, and also of LEUNG KWONG-HIN. The competition for the scholarship between IVANOVICH and Cock was very close. We beg leave to recommend IVANOVICH to the Colonial Government for election to the scholarship, as has already been announced to the Colonial Secretary by telegraph.\n\nEnglish Subjects—In Grammar, the answers to the whole paper were in general excellent. The Essays of the three most successful candidates were in varying degrees meritorious in expression, style, and thought. In History, the questions which elicited the best answers were those on the period from the Norman Conquest to the Tudors, and in the special period (the reign of Victoria) those on our Colonial Empire and foreign policy. In the History of Literature, the work on the earlier literature was superior to that on the later. The selected play of Shakespeare had been carefully studied.\n\nOther Subjects.—In Geography, the best answers were on the United Kingdom and Asia. The first two papers deserve commendation. In most of the papers, however, traces of the study of Trendell's Colonial Year-Book were not very prominent. The mathematical work of all the candidates was good and in two cases extremely good. All did well in Algebra and Euclid, the work being intelligent and careful. In the arithmetical subjects, there was some lack of accuracy in the work of three candidates. Taken as a whole, the results of the second part of the examination are extremely satisfactory.\n\nWe have the honour to remain,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient Servants,\n\nJ. H. FLATHER, M.A., of Emmanuel College.\n\nC. M. JESSOP, M.A., Fellow of Clare College.\n\n31st December, 1892.\n\nCorrect,\n\nJ. N. KEYNES, Secretary to the Syndicate.\n\n630.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-258 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1893 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 354467, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]", "page_number": 201, "title": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]", "content_text": "402\n\nTHE HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS AND\n\nThere were then under treatment, thirteen cases on the Hygeia, and fourteen at Kennedy town, making a total of 27, as against 41 on the previous day.\n\ndying there after an illness of 24 hours. The symptoms were almost identical with those of the plague, and there is only too much reason to believe that this is the commencement of the disease in the hitherto uninfected eastern district. The agent of the Messageries Maritimes Company issued the following express on Wednesday: To order to avoid sanitary difficulties in further ports the steamer Oceanien, leaving at 2 p.m., will take neither passengers nor cargo.\n\n18th May: The continuation of the rain on Thursday was hailed with great satisfaction, and both plague and water famine, from which we have been suffering, will doubtless in a few days entirely disappear. There is some indication that the plague is already abating and that the conditions favourable to its development having been removed by the rain, the port will soon be declared free from the disease. The total number of deaths reported from noon on Wednesday to noon yesterday was 20, of which 2 occurred on the Hygeia, 9 in Kennedy town Hospital, and 9 in outside districts. There were only 10 new cases yesterday, 3 being admitted to the Hygeia, and 7 to the Kennedy town Hospital. 44 cases are at present under treatment,\n\nThe following circular has been issued by the Sanitary Board for the guidance of all concerned, and has been circulated among the police and sanitary officers:\n\nObservations to be made by officers conducting house to house visitation:\n\n1. See if the patient is feverish. \n2. Look for swellings (buboes) under the arms, on the groin, on the neck, above the elbow. \n3. Observe if the patient has an anxious expression and if he is walking with a tottering gait.\n\nThe rainfall registered to 10 a.m. on Wednesday, for the preceding twenty-four hours, was 0.26 inch, and for the twenty-four hours ending 10 a.m. on Thursday 2.23 inches. There were heavy showers later in the day.\n\nOur Saigon correspondent telegraphs that Hongkong has been declared an infected port and vessels arriving at Saigon are subjected to six days' quarantine.\n\nPRECAUTIONS AT MACAO.\n\nThe following order is published in the Macao Boletim Oficial:\n\nBubonic plague having appeared in epidemic form in the neighbouring ports of Canton and Hongkong and causing a considerable number of deaths amongst the Chinese population of those two cities;\n\nAt the Police Court on Tuesday there were several cases of failure to report the occurrence of the disease, and doubtless a few convictions and fines will make landlords more alive to the vital necessity of bringing the cases to the attention of the authorities without the slightest delay. Ning Kin and Lan Chuk, widows, the occupants respectively of Nos. 72 and 74, Market Street, were charged by Inspector Quincey before Mr. H. E. Wodehouse with neglecting to report the outbreak of plague in their houses. The Inspector stated that he visited the places and found men suffering from the disease, whom he had removed to the Hygeia. The symptoms were very pronounced at the time and there would be no difficulty in identifying the disease. His Worship fined the first defendant $2 or fourteen days' and discharged the second. Lai You Chang, a teacher, for a similar neglect in respect to a case at 10, Wai Tak Lane, was fined $5 or in default 14 days' imprisonment.\n\nThe fire engines on Tuesday were engaged in flushing the sewers and drains of the Taiping-shan district from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The water was pumped from the harbour by the floating engine up to the Hollywood Road level and from thence to the China Road. A good quantity of water was used. This operation will be continued to-day.\n\nDepartmental orders have also been issued calling upon the Chinese to keep their houses clean.\n\n19th May. It is regrettable to have to report that the plague has again increased and that both the numbers of deaths, admissions, and cases are larger than those of the previous day. It will be remembered that the returns on Thursday on the face of them showed a gratifying diminution of the disease, and the copious downfall of rain continuing it was confidently and naturally anticipated that this diminution would be even more pronounced yesterday. The official returns, however, up to noon on Friday show that in the twenty-four hours 25 deaths occurred, 7 were from noon on Thursday on board the Hygeia, 9 at Kennedy town Hospital, and 9 outside, as against a mortality of 21 on Thursday. The new cases were 29, viz, 12 on the Hygeia and 17 at Kennedy town, being an increase of 19. The total number of cases under treatment is 56 against 44 at the last report. This increase is not regarded by the authorities in a serious light, and no apprehensions are entertained that the disease is baffling the exertions made to stamp it out. In fact, the medical officers take a hopeful view and feel sure that the worst is now past. The increase is ascribed to the complete organisation which is operating for the detection of cases. On Friday twelve men from the Royal Engineers and twelve from the Shropshire Light Infantry were enrolled as special sanitary officers, which makes the staff numerically strong and adequate to the necessities of the work to be done. The house to house visitation is divided into sections, and it is almost impossible now that cases of plague can pass undiscovered.\n\nThe Manila authorities have prescribed 15 days' observation on all vessels arriving from this port.\n\nAt the Magistracy on Friday a hawker was charged with failing to report a case of plague which occurred in his house on the 17th inst. Defendant pleaded that he could not leave the premises, but Commander W. H. Hastings, before whom the case was heard, imposed a fine of $50 with an alternative of two months' hard labour.\n\n21st May,\n\nHaving received the advice of the Provincial Sanitary Board:\n\nI hereby order:\n\n1. That the supply of water to the public by boats stationed along the Praia Grande and in the inner harbour be continued with the greatest regularity.\n\n2. That the drains be flushed daily, especially in the districts occupied by the Chinese population, and more particularly the districts of Volong, San-kin, Sa-tong, Patane, Mong-ha, and the village of Barra.\n\n3. That the pavement of the slaughter house and its appendages be daily washed with salt water.\n\n4. That on the arrival of any vessel from Canton or Hongkong, including the steamers and launches of the regular lines, an officer of the Sanitary Board shall inspect the passengers, and especially the Chinese passengers, to ascertain if any of them are suffering from the bubonic plague or exhibit suspicious symptoms.\n\n5. That the commandant of the water police shall give the necessary directions in order that lorcha or other boats from Hongkong or Canton may not land any individual suspected to be suffering from the disease; and any case presenting its symptoms shall be detained on board until examined by an officer of the Sanitary Board, who shall be immediately informed.\n\n6. If any passenger be found to be suffering from bubonic plague, whether on board steamers or launches, such passenger shall not be landed; and if any case of the disease be found on a sailing vessel or boat propelled by oars the vessel shall be immediately to be immediately towed out of the harbour, and removed by a copious rainfall we may confidently anticipate the speedy disappearance of the evil result.\n\nGovernment Palace, Macao,\n\n15th May, 1894.\n\nThe Governor of the Province,\n\nJose M. da Horta e Costa.\n\nwork of soaching and disinfecting the localities\n\nfor development it was hoped that in a few days such an appreciable conquest of the disease would be achieved that no further danger need be anticipated. A certain section of the Chinese have now, however, attempted to frustrate all these efforts, and are determined to assert aggressively the ignorance and stupidity which peculiarly belong to the multitude of the natives. It will be remembered that one of the first acts of the permanent committee was to order the removal of all patients from the Tung Wah Hospital to the Hygeia, and the next wise edict was that no patients were to be sent there, but removed direct to the bulk. There was at the time much grumbling and opposition to this course, the patients themselves, with the instinct of their race, objecting, sometimes violently to their removal to the Hygeia and their treatment by Western skill and science. It appears that this feeling of resentment has been simmering and increasing during the past few days, and on Saturday it broke bounds and completely disorganised the work of cleansing, disinfecting, and investigating, which was in progress. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen, a member of the Sanitary Board and also Chairman of the Tung Wah Hospital Committee, has, with an intelligence which unfortunately does not belong to all his countrymen, lost the Government his hearty co-operation in the measures they have taken. Some of his colleagues on the Hospital Committee, however, imbued with anti-foreign feeling, have resisted this policy, and by their influence have created a strong opposition among the native population to the work which the authorities are prosecuting with such vigour.\n\nMay 24, 1894.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.\n\n198\n\n4.3\n\nAnother case occurred yesterday among the Portuguese community, the patient being taken to the Hygeia.\n\nSingapore has imposed nine days' quarantine, including the time occupied by the passage, rioting, the Government having met the Tung Wah Hospital Committee in their demand that there be no further danger of a renewal of the.\n\nMEETING AT THE TUNG WAH HOSPITAL\n\nA largely attended meeting of Chinese was held on Sunday at the Tung Wah Hospital, there being present about seventy members of the leading firms and some four hundred others. The Captain Superintendent of Police and the Colonial Surgeon attended the meeting.\n\nMr. Lau Wai Chuen occupied the chair. He said that many people had preferred a request that persons suffering from the plague should be allowed to be conveyed to Canton, if their relatives so desired, by special launches.\n\nThe Captain Superintendent of Police replied that he was instructed to state that information had that morning been received from Canton that the officials there would not allow persons suffering from the disease to be landed there. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen interpreted Mr. May's reply to the meeting, who received it with strong marks of dissatisfaction. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen, endeavoured to maintain order and said he would personally apply to the Government here and the officials at Canton in relation to the matter. He suggested that they should send a petition to Canton signed by all the leading firms of the colony.\n\nYesterday morning the sanitary officers reported a house supposed to be empty and made the horrible discovery that there were five corpses on the premises and four very serious cases, all exhibiting pronounced symptoms of the plague.\n\nYesterday morning one of the turnkeys in the Victoria Gaol reported himself sick and Dr. Marques, suspecting from the symptoms that the man was suffering from plague, sent him immediately to hospital. A prisoner in the gaol, who had been convicted for not reporting a case of plague, was also removed to the new Chinese Hospital for treatment.\n\nThe arrangements for the burial of victims of the plague do not appear to be quite satisfactory. A good deal of delay takes place before the bodies are interred, separate graves having to be dug in a rather rocky and refractory soil. The squatters on the land contiguous to this cemetery have petitioned the Government on the matter. Evidently a more suitable site ought to be selected.\n\nOn Saturday many of the houses visited were blockaded and the sanitary officers stoned, and in the afternoon all attempts to continue the house to house inspection had to be discontinued, the work being rendered exceedingly unsafe and difficult. A mob also collected at the Po Leung Kuk office and broke the windows, but was dispersed by the police before doing further damage. On Sunday, while a meeting at the Tung Wah Hospital was in progress, Mr. Lau was hurriedly sent for, news arriving that his hong was being wrecked. When Mr. Lau left the building he was surrounded by a howling mob of Chinese and had to be escorted by police to his residence. Mr. P. R. May, Captain Superintendent of Police, grasped the situation at once and sent a mounted contingent of armed Sikhs to the district, the presence of which fortunately prevented further disturbances.\n\nThe Government have so far met the Chinese opposition as to assent to the establishment of a temporary hospital under the management of the Tung Wah at the Glassworks, Kennedy town, to which all patients will be removed and where they will be treated by native practitioners, and the use of the Hygeia for the reception of plague patients will be discontinued.\n\nOn Sunday the house to house inspection was recommenced, the officers being protected by a strong police guard.\n\nSome cases have been reported on the mainland and proclamations have been issued prohibiting the immigration of Chinamen from Hongkong. At Haiphong several persons have fallen victims to the disease.\n\nThis suggestion was unanimously agreed to. The Captain Superintendent of Police said that rumours were current that people not suffering from the disease had been taken to the Hygeia and the Kennedy town Hospital, people who were not sick at all, but this could be at once disproved if any of those present would go with him to examine the patients, when it would be seen they were all sick people suffering from the plague. If those attacked were not segregated it would be impossible to prevent the spread of the disease, and he referred to the visitation of the plague in England two hundred years ago and the great mortality it caused. He suggested to the Chairman that he should advise the people that they should avoid overcrowding in their dwellings, and then the number of persons attacked by the disease would decrease.\n\nCONFERENCE AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE.\n\nAn important conference was held yesterday at Government House for the purpose of discussing the new turn events have taken and considering the course of action to be adopted in the immediate future. His Excellency Sir William Robinson presided, and there were also present H.E. Major-General Barker, Hon. J. H. Stewart Lockhart (Acting Colonial Secretary), Hon. N. G. Mitchell-Innes (Colonial Treasurer), Hon. Ho Kai, Dr. P. B. C. Ayres (Colonial Surgeon), Mr. F. H. May (Captain Superintendent of Police), Mr. J. J. R. Crook, Dr. James, Francis Q.C., Mr. J. A. M. S., Dr. Lan Wai Chuen. The meeting lasted for some time. The first business was the consideration of representations by the permanent committee of the Sanitary Board as to the inadequacy of the number of sanitary officers.\n\nApplication was made for the enrolling of 400 assistants for the work of cleansing and disinfecting.\n\nAt this stage of the proceedings a petition was presented from the residents in East Street complaining of the treatment they had received at the hands of the sanitary officers, entering their houses unexpectedly and frightening the children. The petitioners asked that attention should be given to this matter.\n\nAt this time news arrived that a mob was attacking Mr. Lau Wai Chuen's establishment in Bonham Strand, the Tung San Wo, and\n\nOn Sunday night everything was quiet and it was hoped there would be no renewal of the disturbances.\n\nThe decrease in the number of cases reported for the twenty-four hours up to noon on Sunday is, it is to be feared, due to interruption of the inspection rather than to any actual diminution of the disease.\n\nA notice was subsequently issued by the Committee of the Tung Wah Hospital stating that the Government has consented to allow all patients suffering from plague to be treated by the doctors of the Tung Wah Hospital. The notice also informs the people that they need not be alarmed by the visits of the sanitary officers, as any one found to be suffering from plague will now be removed to the Tung Wah's branch hospital instead of being taken to the Hygeia.\n\nAt the Police Court on Saturday there were some more cases of failure to report outbreaks of plague. Wong Chan, a married woman, was so charged. P.S. Moffat said that he visited the house of the defendant No. 64, First Street, at 11 a.m. on the 18th. In the first room visited he found a man lying dead, and another man (the husband of the defendant) was very ill in the same apartment. In another room in the Cookhouse he discovered a woman very ill lying under a bed, and in the cockloft a girl was seriously ill. All, both the dead and the living, had the symptoms of bubonic plague. Defendant pleaded that she was a very poor woman, and was fined $5, which she paid. Chan Chol, a shopkeeper at No. 6, Hung Lane, off Queen's Road West, was also charged with concealing a case. P.S. Smith said that he went into the premises and found a man suffering from plague. There were a number of persons present, who ran away on his arrival. A like fine was imposed.\n\nWe have heard of a somewhat curious case in connection with the plague. A few days ago a coolie was charged with cutting and wounding a companion and the hearing of the charge was remanded for a week by the sitting Magistrate, bail of $250 being allowed and procured. The following day the unlucky coolie was seized with the disease and died on board the Hygeia.\n\nThe Spanish Consul received the following official telegram despatch from Manila at 9:53 a.m. on Saturday: \"Hongkong has been declared an infected port, and vessels from thence are subject to fifteen days' quarantine.\"\n\nInformation has also been received that a proclamation will be issued to-day addressed to the Chinese explaining the objects of the preventative measures now being prosecuted and calling upon them to co-operate therein and assist the Government.\n\nMr. May stated at the meeting yesterday that he and his assistants had been welcomed and not obstructed in the different houses visited.\n\nThe following are the returns for the twenty-four hours to noon yesterday:\n\nHygeia, Kennedy town Hospital, City, Total, Decrease.\n\nAdmissions: 2, 3, 0, 5, \nDeaths: 3, 2, 0, 5, \nUnder treatment: 26, 20, 17, 63, 28\n\nThe Government, we understand, is fully prepared to support the permanent committee of the Sanitary Board to the utmost. There is a suspicion that jealousy between different sections of the Chinese is at the bottom of the recent disturbances and ill-feeling.\n\nTHE DISTURBANCES-POLICE COURT PROCEEDINGS.\n\nMr. H. E. Wodehouse was yesterday morning engaged at the Police Court in hearing several cases arising out of the disturbances in Chinatown reported in yesterday's issue.\n\nYesterday Yea Kay, a hawker, was charged with behaving in a disorderly manner in Po Yan Street.\n\nPage 403\n\n...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 368520, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]", "page_number": 341, "title": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]", "content_text": "# Debate on the Occupation of Wei-hai-wei\n\n## The Earl of Kimberley's Speech\n\nJ be sought in Europe. Can it be that her Majesty's Government have advanced in that direction so far that the time has arrived when the announcement of a change of policy had to be made by conspicuous members of the Cabinet? I cannot conceive that such an announcement would otherwise be made. And for this reason, that although it is no doubt extremely true that in these democratic times you have to carry the country with you, yet, on the other hand, the country will expect that your foreign affairs will be conducted in such a way as to be likely to be successful, and they will not pardon you if you are unsuccessful, merely by saying, 'Oh, it was necessary to tell you what we were thinking of.' (Hear, hear.)\n\nNow it appears to me that unless her Majesty's Government have given such indications to other Powers on this subject, and those indications have met with such a reception that they are justified in bringing this before the country as a matter which it urgently needs to consider, because the time may not be distant when an actual alliance may be concluded—unless they have done that, no possible step could be taken more likely to prevent the conclusion of such an alliance than such statements as those of Mr. Chamberlain. It is from that point of view I complain bitterly of such a speech having been made. (Hear, hear.)\n\nIt is not, I imagine, possible for any man who has been connected in any way with the conduct of foreign affairs in this country to shut his eyes to the possible danger which may arise from our isolation, nor can he keep out of mind that it might be possible—I am not saying for a moment it is desirable—for the very safety of this country to enter into an alliance, if it can be found, for mutual defence with other Great Powers: but the crisis of affairs when that should be seriously attempted, in my opinion, has not arrived. Little, indeed, do I see the day when it will arrive.\n\nWith reference to another part of Mr. Chamberlain's speech—namely, an attack upon our commercial policy—I do not think there is the remotest chance of an alliance based upon commercial policy with any nation. What might be possible is this—there may be cases where the interests of other nations coincide with ours, and if their interests and ours are the same in any great crisis it may be—I do not say it is—possible for this nation to come to such an alliance for mutual defence.\n\nI will not believe, until I hear it, that her Majesty's Government intend to enter into an alliance of mutual defence for the purpose of maintaining our position in China, knowing, as we do, that such an Alliance could not be conducted on the principle of limited liability, but that mutual defence would mean mutual defence in every part of the world. (Cheers.)\n\nI am most desirous, and I believe the country is also, clearly to understand what is the basis of the policy of her Majesty's Government in the Far East. We wish to know that the Government have some clear view as to the policy which is to be pursued by them, and unless there is something in it which is entirely contrary to the safety of the country it will receive no obstruction from this side of the House. (Cheers.)\n\n## The MARQUIS of SALISBURY's Response\n\nThe notice of the noble lord was to ask what are the intentions of her Majesty's Government as to the occupation of Wei-hai-wei. It would have been difficult for me to foresee in that notice an intention on the part of the noble earl to enter upon a lengthened examination of and dissertation on Mr. Chamberlain's speech; and, indeed, I do not think he can have had this intention, for he put the notice down before the speech was delivered. (The Earl of Kimberley: \"Quite so.\")\n\nBut I do not feel that I ought to enter upon such a discussion without the advantage of notice, and especially without the initial advantage of having in my hand the speech of my right hon. friend. It is evident that the greater part of the argument of the latter portion of the noble earl's speech turned upon the interpretation to be placed upon various sentences uttered by Mr. Chamberlain at Birmingham, and I could not, without adequate opportunity of examining the accuracy of the noble lord's investigations, undertake to discuss each a matter with him.\n\nI will only dwell upon one matter which he referred to and which has been entered into by Mr. Chamberlain—namely, the effect on the present state of affairs of the policy pursued by the late Government at the close of the Chino-Japanese war. I very much concur with the general principles which the noble lord laid down—namely, that it was not desirable that we should join in ousting the victor from the result of the victory which he had won; and still more, that it was greatly contrary to our policy to do anything which would alienate the rising power of Japan, with whom we had so many grounds of sympathy and co-operation. (Hear, hear.)\n\nI entirely concur in that view, and if I were to venture on the policy of that time it would be from a totally different aspect. I should have doubted the wisdom of this country standing by and seeing Russia and her allies driving Japan out of the Liao-tong Peninsula without taking some security that Russia was not doing it with a view to future operations. My impression is that that might have been a condition to obtain at the time—that all parties who took a share in that arrangement should bind themselves to deprive China in the future of the territory which they were then preserving.\n\nThat is a security which Japan would have joined. That is the only point in the noble lord's criticism on Mr. Chamberlain's speech which I will venture to examine; because it is obvious that it is easy to draw the most general conclusions from isolated sentences; and that without a careful study of the matter that comes before and after them it would be impossible to judge whether those conclusions are just.\n\nI venture to confine my answer to the question of which the noble earl gave notice, and to speak merely with respect to Wei-hai-wei. I think the noble earl was somewhat hypercritical in his treatment of the metaphors which had been employed by myself and Mr. Chamberlain. If the noble earl quoted us rightly—and I do not for a moment doubt it—it does appear that on one occasion I spoke of China in terms which would imply that she was upright, and that on another occasion Mr. Chamberlain spoke of China in terms which might imply that she was prostrate. No doubt those terms are not on all fours with each other. (Laughter.)\n\nBut it does not follow that they cannot both with perfect justice and truth be applied to the same subject from different points of view. As far as it was a question of resisting the Powers at the moment, undoubtedly China was prostrate; she had no power at her command to range against the forces which Russia could have brought against her. But if you take a wider view, and look into the future, and ask what are the powers of which, for future contingencies, China might dispose, I think you will conclude that, on a wide view of that kind, you never can pronounce that 400 millions of men who, whatever else they are, are the bravest of the brave, and fear death less than any race we know of, could ever be absolutely prostrate. (Hear, hear.)\n\nI do not believe for a moment in the prostration of China in that wider sense. She has got a Government of whose merits we cannot, perhaps, speak in enthusiastic terms; but still it is a Government which enables an enormous commerce to be carried on. She raises a large revenue, and she has traditions of many centuries in the possession of an empire of unequalled compactness and magnitude. And she has this enormous population who are united at all events by this one sentiment that the thing which they hate most of all is the domination of the foreigner. Who shall say that these men are helpless? \n\nOf that China for ever prostrate, because she cannot give effect to the enormous material and physical forces she possesses? I should say that what China wants is courage; and the occupation of Wei-hai-wei is that of giving her courage, if the occasion should arise, to stand up against her enemies. The danger of allowing the occupation of Port Arthur to take place without any corresponding movement on our side was that large classes of Chinamen would give themselves up to despair, and believe that the domination of one foreign Power was the destiny from which it was impossible for them to escape.\n\nIt was our business to tell them that, as far as we were able to prevent it, that destiny would not overtake them. I do not know that we could have done anything better for restoring their courage, and I am quite sure that there was no more effective method of driving them to despair than allowing Port Arthur to be occupied by the Power which already stands over so enormous a portion of the frontier, and threatens them with so large a conquest.\n\nI think the mistake of the noble earl's estimate of the policy in the East is that it is somewhat too material. He has asked whether, on strategic grounds, Wei-hai-wei would be of such enormous value. I do not care to answer him on that point, not because I doubt it myself, but because it requires for its treatment an expert knowledge which I do not possess.\n\nBut what is really of importance is the effect which our policy should have upon the opinion of the East; and remember, that in alluding to the opinion of the East I do not merely speak of the opinion of those 400 millions of Chinemen, all-important as that may be. But I recognize the fact that there are other ancient monarchies in the neighbourhood of China which appear now to be on an upward and progressive course, and whose policy and power will weigh heavily in determining the destinies of the future. (Hear, hear.)\n\nIt was most important that not only in Chinese opinion, but that in Korean and Japanese opinion also, we should not be thought to be throwing up the game in the neighbourhood of those territories lying near Port Arthur. Therefore, as an agent operating on the opinions of large masses of men, I think the occupation of Wei-hai-wei was a wise occupation.\n\nThe noble earl, I thought, rather intimated or hinted that we had done it very likely merely to satisfy a passing political necessity. I entirely repudiate that idea; I cannot understand on what it is based. Our position was simply this. We did not wish to see begin in any degree the dismemberment of China. We did not wish to encourage it; and above all, we did not desire to be thought, by the Chinese and by the other nations to which I have referred, to be ourselves on the look-out for territorial seizures and to be willing to take part in the division of which other nations might be looking for.\n\nOur object was not only to discourage the dismemberment of China, but to repudiate and throw off from ourselves the imputation and opprobrium that we were seeking to begin it. For that reason, we could say nothing about occupying any of the northern parts as no other nation was known to intend doing so. So long as I doubt very much whether, at all events, as an early and immediate measure, the occupation of Port Arthur was resolved upon in the councils of Russia.\n\nBut be that as it may, with our object of convincing nations in the East that we were not bent on territorial aggrandisement, it was necessary that we should have practical, clear, and manifest evidence of her action and her design to justify us in taking a similar measure; and therefore it was that we said nothing about Wei-hai-wei until we felt certain that Port Arthur was about to be occupied.\n\nWhat we are to do with Wei-hai-wei is the next question of the noble earl. Well, I would remind the noble earl that Wei-hai-wei is at present in the occupation of Japan, and that we clearly can do nothing with Wei-hai-wei until Japan has surrendered it into our hands. What is more, though we can very easily lay down general principles as to our conduct in this respect, any answer in detail to that question must be absolutely impossible until the place is obtained by us.\n\nThat it will be our duty to garrison and protect it, so far as garrison and protection are necessary, is a truism in itself. That it is our object to improve the harbour and make it better for the purposes it will have to fulfil is another truism. But until we have minute information, such information as I imagine is yet possessed by no nation, we cannot tell how far operations for its improvement can be carried on with a certainty of sufficient success to justify the expense which would be incurred upon them.\n\nThere are at present officers both of the Army and Navy on their way to Wei-hai-wei. We look to them for reports, which I have no doubt will be both detailed and very valuable. We shall then be able to form, not only in general, but in minute particulars an idea of the precise extent to which expenditure will have to be incurred, and the precise manner in which that expenditure will have to be made.\n\nPage 334", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 374118, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899", "page_number": 191, "title": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899", "content_text": "; \n\nthis were done the\n\nCafe d' Aguilar light might be given up, and the expense of maintaining\n\nthe light on Waglan Island would be\n\nconsiderably reduced in proportion.\n\nI may add that the\n\nBoard of Trade have\n\nconcurred in the views\n\nof Sir F. de Winton expressed in the enclosed\n\nletter.\n\nIndividual\n\ndia\n\n899\n\nAugust\n\nPrevious Paper.\n\nHong Kong\n\nLabuan No. 21690\n\n(Subject.)\n\nPhilippine Islands\n\nSummary of Notes on\n\n189\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\n21090\n\nRECD\n\nRec'd 16 AUG 39\n\n\"by Major Younghusband\n\nG.\n\nIt appears to\n\nme that whatever\n\ndecision may be\n\narrived\n\nat in regard to the suggestions of Trinity\n\nHouse,\n\nthe Waglan\n\nIsland light should\n\nbe maintained.\n\nThan, d/z: J Chamberlain\n\nPut\n\nby\n\n||1: (73)—13664~35006-12-19\n\nSubsequent Paper.\n\nMr. Lucas\n\nThis\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nmemorandum is outspoken\n\nand interesting, but its date is November, 1895,\n\nand since the American conquest and desultory\n\nwarfare have been going on, things have changed much since then. I imagine that this is the rough sketch from which Captain Younghusband handles the Matter, but no doubt he has found it advisable to cut out a good deal of this criticism of Spanish and American methods. He is impressed with Aguinaldo's personality and thinks well of the fortunes of a\n\nnavy;\n\nAn exchange of the Islands for the British West Indies would have found\n\n1. Put by A.F. in his eyes. En el library\n\nPhilifura\n\n3075\n\nC.PZ-306\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 385423, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9]", "content_text": "plaudits of your people, your Majesty is crowned to-day. Distant though we are from that impressive scene, we who live in this far-off portion of your Empire, the Masons of Hong Kong, reverently desire to join in the solemn yet happy wishes of the hour, and to add to those of others our own profound congratulations.\n\nBack in the cycle of time, a thousand years and more before the Christ was born, there in the Holy City, was built the temple of Solomon the King. In Nature's earth deep were its foundations laid, and slowly rose its majestic walls, its stately columns, the gate they called the Beautiful, the exquisite semblances of flowers and fruits and palms, the wondrous roof of gold and spikes of precious metal, wrought and fashioned all by the craftsmen of the time, and tested in their places with the level, the plumb, and the square. Upwards, ever upwards, under the guiding care of our Grand Master Hiram the Architect did the sacred pile progress, until the work was done and beneath the wings of the sculptured Cherubim rested the Ark of the Covenant in the mansion of the Triune God. Thereafter, from man to man, from the monarchy to the serf, from the strong to the weak, from the old to the young, down the path of time, Masonry passed through the Ages, bearing on its banners the profession of the faith, the Fatherhood of God and the Brotherhood of Man, until jewelled with charity, a priceless gem, it reached the Masons of to-day.\n\nSo, as the Temple emerged from disorder to order, from shapeless materials to symmetry, and perfect art, as the Brotherhood grew from its infancy of the past to its manhood of the present, the Monarchy of Britain has advanced through hundreds of years from the tumults and unrest of the darker ages to the system of right and law which is now Great Britain's heritage. From the Monarchs before the Conquest to the dynasty of the Normans, from the Plantagenets to the Standards of the Roses, from the Tudors and the Stuarts to the Hanoverians, it has been built stone by stone and arch by arch, until to-day, on foundations which have borne it through the stress of the centuries and the burden of everlasting time, with walls which are cemented by freedom and columns which rest on the rock of truth, England's Monarchy sits on England's throne, the symbol of justice to all who shelter beneath its flag, and the haven where, secure from storms, ride the argosies of humanity laden with all that man considers his dearest and his best.\n\nTo members of the Craft Your Majesty's Coronation is of especial interest, for we are privileged to call you one of our Brethren. In 1869 You were installed Grand Master of the Templars of the United Kingdom, and in 1873, Grand Master of the United Grand Lodge of England. Nor did the sympathy in Masonry of England's Royal Blood stop at your assumption of this high office, for His Royal Highness the Duke of Connaught, following your footsteps, has embraced the precepts of the Order and succeeded you as Grand Master.\n\nAlthough enrolled in our Masonic ranks are many who, not being subjects of the British Crown, owe their loyalty to other Powers, we all are fettered by fraternity's bond, and in brotherly affection and deep respect we venture to hold out to your Majesty the hand of fellowship across the seas and send you greetings from the East, joining in prayer to the Great Architect of all that He will have your welfare in His keeping until the hour, predestined by the King of Kings, when through mortality's portals you will pass to the Eternal Elohim, and hear for evermore the Voice that said “Let there be light.”\n\nHere followed signatures.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY formally accepted the Address.\n\nThis Address, which was about the same size as that from the general community, was bound in Royal purple and heavily mounted in gold. The centre piece was the Royal Arms; in the corner-pieces the design consisted of the shamrock, thistle, and rose, intertwined with compasses and set-square and with the Chinese emblem which carries with it wishes for long life. The inside lining of the cover was electric blue. The Address was printed in blue and gold. At the top of the first page—the Address ran to four—was the Masonic emblem for the square and compasses. The border contained the four national emblems already mentioned, with the Masonic between them. The Address, which was encased in a suitable box, was also the work of Messrs. Kelly & Walsh.\n\nHon. Dr. H. KAI next approached the Governor's table to present the Chinese Address. He said—May it please your Excellency, I have the honour to present on behalf of the Chinese Community an humble address to His Most Gracious Majesty King Edward VII, our Sovereign Lord. The address has been prepared in joyous anticipation of His Majesty's Coronation. It is composed in Chinese and carved on wood. An English translation of it is contained in this silver casket, and we would respectfully request your Excellency to forward both to His Majesty for his gracious acceptance. The Chinese Inhabitants of this Colony are over sensible of the many and immense benefits they have received from the British Crown; they acknowledge with gratitude their heavy indebtedness to the British Government for much of their happiness, prosperity, and advancement; they cherish with profound reverence and lasting affection the memory of our late beloved Queen Victoria the Great and Good; and they look forward to the Coronation of Their Majesties the King and Queen with great and exceeding joy. All His Majesty's loyal Chinese subjects in this Far Eastern Colony have learnt with sorrow and deep sympathy the recent illness of their King, and they earnestly pray that His Majesty may, under the blessing of heaven, be speedily restored to health. They desire most respectfully to assure His Majesty of their devotion and loyalty to his person and throne, and they humbly pray that His Majesty may have a long, happy, peaceful, and glorious reign. I crave your Excellency's permission to read the English translation of the Address.\n\nHon. Dr. Ho KAI went on to read the Address as follows:-\n\nA Humble and Reverend Address presented to HIS MAJESTY KING EDWARD THE SEVENTH of the United Kingdom, of Great Britain and Ireland, by the Chinese Community of Hongkong.\n\nOn the twenty-sixth day of the month of June, in the year 1902, the ceremony of Your Majesty's Coronation will be celebrated. Throughout the circuit of the wide world, on whatever place the sun and moon shine, wherever, by land or by sea, the British Flag floats, there will not be one household that will not be filled with worship, there will be no one who will not join in singing songs of joy and praise. From far and near all will unite in wishing Your Majesty a long life in which to make your people happy and prosperous.\n\nThe pen of the readiest writer would fail to give full expression to the feelings of affection and loyalty which stir the hearts of Your Majesty's Chinese subjects in Hongkong. But, with a humble obeisance, we venture in this hymn of praise to touch upon what we feel.\n\nDivine was the wisdom of Her Majesty the Late Queen. She drew men of all nations to her by her kindness; she treated those from afar with benevolence. Her fame reached to the East and to the West. The innermost hearts of all were moved by it. Not even by the sages of antiquity were her virtues equalled.\n\nYour Majesty has inherited her justice and Her wisdom, Eternal good will spring from this succession of virtues.\n\nMajestic was Her late Majesty's renown; her dominions were enlarged, and from far and near willing homage was paid to her. Under her rule the sea slept smooth as glass, the land rested undisturbed, Her armies maintained peace and kept inviolate the circle of her kingdom.\n\nStanding at her side Your Majesty has learnt the truth of the maxim that firmness and kindness are equally necessary to ensure success. Her late Majesty had closely at heart the development of commerce. She well knew that food is all-important to the people, and that riches make a nation strong, that unless the granaries and storehouses were well filled her subjects could not be protected nor civilisation and righteousness promoted and maintained.\n\nYour Majesty has learnt the secret of...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-312 - Acting Governor Major Gen Sir Gascoigne Governor Sir Blake - 1902 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 391122, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903", "page_number": 83, "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903", "content_text": "१ \n\nReview of progress made since 1896. \n\nPacification of country, \n\nRailway construc-\n\nrian, \n\n(Vide also supplementary note.) \n\n4 \n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1. \n\nNotes on Indo-China Affairs, \n\nINDEX. \n\nReview of progress made since 1896 \n\nPacification of country \n\nRailway construction \n\nRevenue \n\nTrade \n\nTransit trade \n\nActivity of Japanese \n\nForeigners excluded from timber trade \n\nCultivation of pepper \n\nIncrease of French settlers \n\nPublic works.. \n\nTreaty with Siam \n\n:::::::: \n\nPage \n\n4 \n\n4 \n\n4 \n\nA COMPARISON of the condition of Indo-China at the present time with that obtaining some five years ago shows that a notable improvement has taken place, and that steady and substantial progress is being made in the general development of the country. Dacoity and lawless violence to which the land had long been a prey have been almost entirely suppressed, and the inhabitants now enjoy a security of life and property hitherto unknown to them; the means of communication have been improved and increased by the repair of old canals and the construction of new ones, by the amelioration and extension of the land routes, and by the inauguration of a system of railways which will join together all the provinces and chief trading centres and also penetrate far into Siam and the south of China; extensive drainage and irrigation works have been carried out, and large tracts of fertile land thus brought under cultivation; a common Budget has been introduced for all the provinces, thereby greatly strengthening their financial position and helping on their political consolidation, and finally, the revenue and trade of the country have more than doubled. Such is a brief statement of the progress made since 1896—progress which may well justify the sanguine hopes entertained of a still more rapid advance in the future. A few details of the results attained along the lines indicated may perhaps be of interest, and will enable a better appreciation to be formed of the extent and importance of the development that has taken place. \n\nThe pacification of the country would appear to be complete, judging from the returns of casualties suffered by the army, which show that there were no killed or wounded in action from 1897 to 1901, whilst from 1893 to 1897 there were 734. The establishment of tranquillity is further evidenced by the reoccupation of large areas of land which had been deserted in the troublous times that followed the conquest, and by a widespread agricultural development, as seen in the extended cultivation of tobacco, cotton, sugar-cane, tea, and pepper, which are now produced in considerable quantities and at paying rates. At the same time, the cultivable area has been largely added to by comprehensive schemes of drainage and irrigation carried out by the Government and private individuals in all parts of the country, but especially in Cochin-China. In that province over 300,000 acres of marsh-land have been reclaimed, representing an addition to the wealth of the country of close on a million sterling per annum. In a single district nearly 40 miles of canals have been made by the Government, and in the Plaine des Joncs, west of Saigon, which has long been considered impossible of cultivation, but which is now being rapidly reclaimed, over 60 miles of canals have been dug during the last four years by the enterprise of a rich native. In Annam and Tonquin the same work is being carried on, but there more by irrigation than by drainage. \n\nThe construction of the network of railways, for which the loan of 8,000,000l. was voted in 1898, is making good progress, but has scarcely yet advanced sufficiently to be of any great benefit to trade generally, although the movement of goods in two or three districts has, no doubt, been considerably facilitated. The railways contemplated by this scheme are: a trunk line from Saigon along the coast through Hue and Vinh to Hanoi; lines from Hanoi to Haiphong, from Hanoi through Langson to Dongdang on the Kuanghsi frontier, from Hanoi through Laokay to Yunnan-fu; and branches from Tanlin to Lang Bian, and from Saigon to Mytho and Cantho. Of these the lines from Hanoi to \n\n5 \n\nDongdang, from Hanoi to Haiphong, from Hanoi to Nin Binh, and from Saigon to Mytho have been working for some time. The sections from Hanoi to Yenbay, about 145 miles beyond Vietry, from Nin Binh to Vinh, and from Saigon to Tanlin are expected to be opened to traffic shortly. The section from Tourane to Hue (65 miles) will be completed in three years, and that from Yenbay to Laokay, which is let out on contract, should be finished at the end of 1904. A number of branch lines to serve as feeders of the main system and to open up the interior are also projected. The map attached hereto, which also shows the railways in the adjoining country of Siam, will help to elucidate the foregoing remarks. \n\nIn 1896 the local budgets were as follows:- \n\nCochin-China \n\nCambodia \n\nAnnam -Tonquin \n\nLaos.. \n\nDollars. \n\n11,633,000 \n\n2,365,000 \n\n7,208,000 \n\n142,000 \n\nThe aggregate revenue was thus something over 21,300,000 dollars, which sum was slightly under the expenditure. A general budget for the whole Empire was instituted in July 1898, leaving, however, a local budget for each province. In 1902 the total of all the budgets combined was 40,805,000 dollars, distributed as follows:--- \n\nGeneral budget.. Cochin-China Cambodia \n\nAnnam \n\nTonquin Laos.. \n\nDollars. \n\n27,142,000 \n\n4,192,000 \n\n2,033,000 \n\n2,196,000 \n\n4,410,000 \n\n830,000 \n\nThus the revenue nearly doubled in the short space of six years. These figures, moreover, do not show the whole increase, for during the period mentioned the budgets of some of the provinces have left surpluses which, after paying off previous deficits and defraying charges of an exceptional character, have permitted the formation of reserves amounting in the aggregate to 11,590,000 dollars, divided as follows:--- \n\nGeneral budget Tonquin \n\nAnnam \n\nCambodia \n\nDollars, \n\n8,476,000 \n\n1,241,000 \n\n782,000 \n\n1,141,000 \n\nIt will be observed that Cochin-China, the richest of all the provinces, does not appear in the list. This is due to heavy charges imposed upon the Colony to meet the expenses of warlike operations carried on against Siam some years ago, but as soon as this burden (the debt at present amounts to about 700,000 dollars) is got rid of a substantial surplus may be confidently looked for. The Laos country, which is the most backward of all the divisions of Indo-China, has hitherto received an annual grant in aid of 500,000 dollars, but the time seems not far distant when it too will be able to pay its own way. The revenue has risen from 142,000 dollars in 1896 to 359,000 dollars in 1901, and shows a steady and constant increase; in fact, with the grant, there is already an excess of receipts over expenditure. The surplus for all the budgets in 1901 was 1,500,000 dollars, of which two-fifths belonged to the general budget. \n\nThe financial position of the Empire, as indicated by the above figures, seems therefore to be highly satisfactory, and, no doubt, reflects a state of general commercial and agricultural prosperity. It should, however, be pointed out that the growth of the revenue is not entirely attributable to the economic development of the country; it is in some measure due to a more effective collection of the land and capitation taxes, which have hitherto, and probably still are, extensively evaded. With the more careful supervision that will be exercised as the country settles down, and the machinery of government is elaborated, a still further increase from this source may, therefore, be looked for. It may here be noted that the general budget is almost entirely dependent for its receipts upon the Customs, which yielded nearly 24,000,000 out of a total of 27,000,000 dollars. The advance under this head is, therefore, mainly attributable to an expansion of trade. Direct taxes (land and capitation) constitute the chief resource of the local budgets. \n\nThis prosperous state of the finances would appear, moreover, to have been attained without recourse to excessive taxation, for concurrently with the growth of the revenue the consumption by the natives of goods of foreign manufacture, largely articles of luxury, has increased, and a tendency has shown itself amongst the well-to-do to adopt foreign dress and modes of living, pretty sure signs that the people are not taxed beyond their means. \n\n[1881 gg-1] \n\nC \n\nRevenue. \n\nPage 79", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 391381, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903", "page_number": 342, "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903", "content_text": "The total yield of the Capitation tax on the Chinese at Hanoi is 17,000 dollars, about 13 fr. per head.\n\nAs has already been made sufficiently clear, all the subsidies to post-offices, steamers, &c., come out of the local revenue and not out of the pockets of the free tax-payers. In fact, I believe the only charge now borne by France is a sum of £750,000 for the maintenance of the French troops in the Colony, from which is deducted a sum of £500,000, which Cochin China appears to pay the mother country as an indemnity for the cost of the conquest.\n\nThere is some talk of making Pnompenh and one or two places in Tonquin free ports.\n\nH. W. LITTLE, Consul\n\nJune 30, 1903.\n\n(Signed)\n\nFace or Individual.\n\nHONG KONG\n\nNo. 36/46\n\n(Subject.)\n\nC.O.\n\n36/46\n\nRec'd\n\n338\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\nREG 30 SEP 05\n\nBl 40:25\n\nTun Copy\n\nCONCO\n\n1903\n\nRept as previous Paper.\n\nDeportation of Florence Garrett from Amoy to Hong Kong.\n\nLetter from 6th Instice of Supreme Court at Shanghai reporting confirmation Jordan J.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nAck receipt and state that it is not stated that the woman is, or ever was, domiciled in Hongkong & request the Consular authorities that they may be instructed to refrain from dumping criminal...\n\n...to 16029/00\n\nReference: B & L (78)—1581—2009-11-2\n\nNext subsequent Papers: 1880\n\nReference: Strangers, whether same of...\n\nWhether if the Colony took is assumed to be sent...\n\nof the U.K. She may have at G.O. expense...\n\nthe cases like in 34944/01", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 408484, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]", "page_number": 186, "title": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]", "content_text": "It is difficult to say that they are not up to particular standards in regard to age or other qualifications.\n\nPrivate Secretary to the Governor, proceed as proposed?\n\nI have no one to suspect.\n\nEastern Dept.\n\nERD160\n\n14/4/1873\n\n11/3\n\nPowell, Hayward, Millson, J. Matthews, Xandler, G. Cima, Ett. Vaughan, J. Conquest, S.T. Burgers, Ew Ball, J. Bowie\n\nMajor Close\n\nFor your information, I enclose the papers of the candidates listed in the margin.\n\n1. is the last & not the best of the old Gold Coast Surveyors. He is well over age.\n\n2, 3, 4, & 5 are not on your original list. The two I have called on are not attractive candidates personally.\n\n11/3\n\nI think that this appointment might be satisfactorily filled by a retired officer on the Ordnance Survey.\n\n20.0.\n\nI do not see any very satisfactory applicant on the attached list. The S.G.O.S. should be asked to select a man and justify his selection.\n\nAge might be a consideration. He has plenty of men capable of surveying intricate city blocks.\n\nIf this fails, I suggest Mr. Matthews.\n\n13-3.07\n\n0.7.clon", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 412158, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 658, "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[25161]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[July 29.]\n\n### SECTION 5. C. 0.\n\n29.968\n\nRECEIVED 655\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 29.)**\n\n(No. 267. **Confidential.**)\n\nPeking, June 1, 1907.\n\nIN compliance with the instructions contained in your Circular despatch (B) of the 9th April, 1906, I have the honour to make the following report on the Heads of some of the foreign Missions in Peking.\n\nThe doyen of the Diplomatic Body is the Italian Minister, M. Baroli, who is at present on leave of absence. Both he and his wife are most charming socially, but he seems to be a man whose power of work, if he ever possessed it, has prematurely failed him, and he was a most inefficient doyen. Circulars of importance were often mislaid, despatches remained unanswered, and things generally were allowed to drift into an unsatisfactory state.\n\nThe Netherland Minister, M. van Citters, who is doyen during M. Baroli's absence, is much more painstaking and conscientious in the discharge of his duties. He gave some offence by declining at first to accept the office, but, although a man of no great attainments and no special personal popularity, it has been a general relief to have more method and regularity introduced into the transaction of questions of common interest.\n\nM. de Carcer, the Spanish Minister, who comes next in seniority, is an agreeable man who has no staff, and apparently little or no work.\n\nMr. Rockhill, the United States' Minister, is a distinguished traveller and Orientalist who combines a specialist's knowledge of the East with a practical acquaintance of affairs acquired in various posts and in the Foreign Department at Washington. He is perhaps somewhat lacking in reticence, and his colleagues occasionally find him rather unstable of purpose. His own countrymen are inclined to regard him rather as a student than a man of action, and with the American missionaries he has never been very popular, but Americans, like Englishmen, in China are exacting in their estimate of their officials.\n\nHis wife is generally regarded as a model of all that a lady in her position should be, and is a great favourite with all classes of society here.\n\nThe Russian Representative, M. Pokotilow, has also been long and prominently identified with the East. Coming out to Peking as a somewhat uncouth student interpreter about twenty years ago, he soon showed a marked aptitude for the language and a grasp of the complex political problems which were then impending that gained him rapid advancement. When, in 1896, Russia initiated her policy of the conquest of Manchuria by railway construction, M. Pokotilow was utilized as the unofficial instrument of that policy, and as agent of the Russo-Chinese Bank he was credited with framing most of the schemes which, during the eight or nine years that followed, gave Russia her short-lived ascendency in the East.\n\nM. Pokotilow's role as Minister is now very different from that of his predecessors, his chief preoccupation being to keep on good terms with the Chinese, and save what he can from the wreckage of his country's fortunes in Manchuria. He stands well with the Chinese, and is generally liked for his frank and outspoken manner.\n\nHis domestic relations are the weak feature in his character, and would probably be a more serious drawback at another post than here. The lady who is now his wife only became so after a long \"liaison,\" but the step did not affect the irregularities of her husband's private life, which are a matter of common report amongst foreigners and natives.\n\nThe Japanese Minister is personally best known to me of all the foreign Representatives. He was my colleague for five years in Corea, and both there and here I have always found him perfectly straight in all his dealings. He has never told me anything that did not prove to be strictly correct, although he has often left unsaid... \n\n[2570-5]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416736, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 63, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "61\n\n2\n\nvont être prises afin que de nouvelles démonstrations armées ne se reproduisent pas; que ferait notre Gouvernement pour arrêter une invasion de rebelles sur notre territoire, car, enfin, trente et un y sont passés, sans qu'aucune protestation ait été soulevée; que serait-ce si le contingent avait été de plusieurs milliers ?\"\n\nOn the 10th May the following note appeared in the same paper. communiqués were published in the other local papers:-\n\nSimilar\n\n\"On nous prie à la Résidence Supérieure de dire que des révolutionnaires n'ont point traversé Laokay avec armes pour se rendre à Hokéou. Des réguliers, nous affirme-t-on officiellement, se sont réfugiés en territoire Français, où ils ont trouvé bon accueil, après avoir été désarmés, ainsi que le veut le droit international.\"\n\nOn the 16th May, however, the \"Courrier d'Haiphong,\" in the course of an article from its Laokay correspondent, published the following statement :--\n\n\"Il peut être exact que quelques réformistes aient traversé le pont du Namti en armes pour se rendre en Chine. Le mensonge ne sert à rien, et à mon avis le meilleur diplomate est encore celui qui prend le taureau par les cornes et aborde résolument l'obstacle. Eh bien! il est vrai qu'une trentaine de réformistes, pas plus, sont partis de Laokay, l'arme sur l'épaule, ont marché carrément sur la sentinelle indigène de faction à l'entrée du pont et lui ont passé devant le nez, à sa grande stupéfaction et malgré ses timides observations. Voilà le fait dans sa brutalité exacte. Il est vrai tel que je le raconte et pas autrement. En quoi engage-t-il la responsabilité du Gouvernement Français et pourquoi donner le démenti à un fait dont a été témoin toute la population de Laokay, et le Commissaire de Police par-dessus le marché? réveillé en sursaut par la nouvelle du passage de réformistes sur le pont du Namti, Ce dernier, s'est levé en toute hâte et, à peine vêtu, s'est élancé vers l'endroit où passaient les révolutionnaires. Il est arrivé juste assez tôt pour voir disparaître à Hokéou les queues des Chinois.\n\nfhomoi, the place referred to in the first of the extracts from the \"Avenir du Tonkin\" given above, is on the railway line in the French territory, about 3 kilom. before reaching Laokay. In confirmation of the newspaper report that armed revolutionaries had passed through there towards the frontier, I may mention that M. von Dewall, the German official of the China Customs referred to in my despatch No. 5 of the 15th instant, was told by a compatriot, a M. Bauer, who is an architect there, that he seen about forty rebels armed with rifles walking along the road past the restaurant at Phomoi in the direction of Laokay at 6 o'clock in the morning. The date, however, was given as the 30th April, not 1st May as stated in the journal. There is an important station at Phomoi containing work-shops, sheds, &c., for which there is not room at Laokay.\n\nFinally, I have been told by a Mr. Borg, a British subject, who is a trader and transport agent at Hokou, that he himself on the morning of the 30th saw about thirty rebels with rifles and cartridge-belts pass across the bridge from Laokay to Hokou in the manner described by the correspondent of the \"Courrier d'Haiphong,\" the solitary native sentry on duty at the French end, questioning them, but being apparently intimidated from attempting to dispute their passage.\n\nIt is probable that the first party who commenced the firing on the night of the 29th did enter Hokou surreptitiously in the manner suggested by M. Bonhoure. It is not likely that they opened the campaign with nothing but revolvers; it is more probable that rifles were in hiding for them at Hokou; rumour says that there have been a good many arms smuggled across the frontier. After this party had, with the help of the traitors among the garrison, captured the forts and removed all fear of surveillance of the Chinese end of the bridge, it seems tolerably certain from the evidence given above that they were joined in a more or less open manner by at least one party of armed revolutionaries who had been waiting the moment in French territory.\n\nIn this connection, I may mention that M. Réau, French Consul at Mongtze, happened to be in Hanoi at the moment of the outbreak. He left to rejoin his post as soon as possible after the news was known, that is, on the morning of the 1st May, and I went to the station to see him off. He said that while at Mongtze he had received complaints from the Chinese authorities that many persons known to be revolutionaries had come to Laokay, and were living in villages on French territory along the frontier. He had forwarded these complaints to M. Aymeric, the Resident\n\n3\n\nat Laokay, who had replied that he had been able to find no foundation for them. M. Réau added to me that in the light of what had just occurred it appeared as if the Chinese authorities were right.\n\nI need do no more than refer to various rumours which are current, for they are only rumours without evidence to support them. It is said that at the present moment the actual head-quarters of the revolutionaries are at Laokay; that they have there a store of rice for provisioning their men (the Namti Valley produces very little); and that their treasure-chest is there also. Various French inhabitants of Laokay are named as being interested in the passing through of arms.\n\nThese rumours will doubtless be brought to the notice of the Chinese Government. The staff of the Chinese Customs at Hokou took refuge at Laokay on the outbreak of the disturbances, and are still there. It happens also by a curious coincidence that, although the French Government has hitherto always opposed the appointment of a Chinese Consul here, the Chinese have at the present time an official Agent in Hanoi who has been forwarding reports to Peking, and will doubtless keep the Supreme Government informed of events. This is Che-Tseng (I give his name as spelt on his French visiting-card), formerly Secretary of Legation in the Chinese Diplomatic Service, and now holding the position of Judicial Commissioner for Yünnan, or, as he is described here, \"Grand Juge Provincial du Yunnan.\" He arrived in Tonquin to proceed to Yunnan-fu and take up his new post on the 29th April. The news of the revolutionary outbreak arrived the next day, and naturally he preferred not to proceed. He is a Manchu, and would therefore have been a special prize for the revolutionaries. He was accompanied by a large retinue, including his family and three or four secretaries. He has now taken a house in Hanoi, and seems to have made up his mind to await events here.\n\nChe-Tseng speaks French very well, having served some years in Paris. The French were pleased at his appointment to Yünnan, as he is supposed to be \"a friend of France.\" I imagine that M. Réau was waiting here to accompany him up to Mongtze when the outbreak of the revolt made it necessary for the Consul to rejoin his post.\n\nIt does not seem probable that even the Chinese Government will accuse the French of actively and wilfully abetting the revolutionaries. A section of the local press-notably the \"Indo-Chinois\" and the \"Courrier d'Haiphong \"-has thought it necessary to proclaim its Republican sympathies with revolutions in general, and has consistently made the most of all the rumours of Imperialist defeats. There is also among a large proportion of the French population an undoubted tendency to look upon the movement with friendly eyes, probably caused more or less by a sort of \"sporting\" instinct; but to the Government the movement must be very annoying. The railway construction work in the Namti Valley has been entirely suspended for the present, and just at a critical time when the want of attention to embankments and drains may cause serious damage. It is possible of course that the Chinese Government may subsequently be called upon to pay an indemnity on this account. The transit trade to Yunnan through Laokay, which in the beginning of the year had been showing signs of advancing prosperity, is also of course entirely suspended. Advices from Laokay prophesy that even in the event of a speedy defeat of the rebels this trade cannot retake its normal course until the end of the year, on account of the utter disorganization which has befallen the town of Hokou, where it is focussed. But, above all, the domestic political situation at present demands considerable attention. The rising in Annam, which I had the honour to report in my despatch No. 2 of the 1st May, though no longer menacing the European centres, is by no means over.\n\nThe Moïs, a semi-independent hill tribe inhabiting the mountains in the interior of Annam, have also risen. They are not a real danger, being mostly armed with bows and arrows, but they will require watching. In Cambodia armed bands have been raiding in the territories recently acquired from Siam. I do not know the extent of this trouble, as news of it has been carefully kept out of the papers here, with the exception of two or three very brief official communiqués. In Tonquin there is no rising, but there is a very great deal of disorder in the provinces. Bands of pirates or dacoits have been raiding and burning villages, particularly in the neighbourhood of Vinh-Yen and Vietri, on the Red River, and have in some cases got the better of detachments of the \"Garde Indigène\" who have encountered them. Hardly a day passes without cases of dacoity being reported in the papers. The attitude of the Dê-Tham, at the time of the conquest of Tonquin one of the most successful fighters against the French, and now living in practical independence on his territories in the Yen-Thé district, near Phu-lang Thuong, has also given rise to some\n\n$", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416737, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 64, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "C. O.\n\n62\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n4\n\nuneasiness. It has long been a matter for wonder that the French have tolerated the position which this Annamite has acquired. He made a nominal submission after the conquest, and was then left to himself. He has a numerous body of armed retainers, who levy exactions on the surrounding country. It frequently happens too that \"pirates\" operating in Tonquin make use of his name, even though with no authority to do so, so that he obtains a reputation for being even more powerful than he is. Emissaries from the agitators in Annam are said to have recently visited Yen-Thé for the purpose of conferring with him. I have been assured on excellent authority that when the French Resident of Phulang-Thuong goes to visit this retired brigand, he is not allowed to bring his escort with him into the village, but has to leave it at some distance. De-Tham constantly fears that he will be captured by treachery. This rather humiliating state of affairs would have been ended long ago if the Chief could have been dealt with by the native militia alone, but the country which he inhabits is a mountainous and difficult one, and he undoubtedly has much influence among the population. A campaign would have to be undertaken and regular troops employed, and one Governor after another has preferred to leave things as they are. It is said that the Résident Supérieur, M. Morel, is endeavouring to bring De-Tham to reason. He has invited him to come and visit him. The Chief has declined on account of an indisposition, but has promised to do so after the harvest.\n\nThere is undoubtedly a spirit of unrest all over Indo-China at present, and it seems extremely unlikely that the Government finds occasion to rejoice at the disturbances in Yünnan. The authorities have recently reduced the number of European troops here, and if events in Yunnan made it desirable to send soldiers to Mongtze, for instance, to protect the French Colony there (which, however, does not seem likely), they would probably be somewhat embarrassed as at the present moment it would hardly be prudent much to deplete the garrison of Indo-China.\n\nOn the whole, then, the Chinese can hardly suspect the French of wilfully encouraging this outbreak. They will probably, however, complain on the ground of negligence. It must be remembered that this is not the first outbreak which has occurred on the frontier during recent months. In September last, the Chinese town of Tong-Hin, opposite the French town of Moncay, on the Kwangtung-Tonquin frontier, was attacked by a small body of rebels, and at the beginning of December, the revolutionaries took and held for a few days the Chinese fort at Nam-Quan on the frontier of Kwangsi, near Langson. On both these occasions, the leaders were afterwards arrested or gave themselves up on French soil, and were in due course duly deported to Hong Kong or Singapore. In the case of the attack on Nam-Quan, it seems that a considerable portion of the attacking force assembled previously in French territory.\n\nIt is, of course, difficult for the French adequately to guard their long and mountainous Chinese frontier from surprise visits of small bands of revolutionaries who assemble in twos and threes with nothing visible to proclaim their intentions, and after the revolutionaries are beaten, it is presumably impossible to prevent their taking refuge on French soil as political offenders. It must, however, be somewhat exasperating to the Chinese authorities, and if, as is probable, the rebels now operating in Southern Yunnan are defeated but escape with little loss across the frontier into Tonquin, it will not be surprising if the Chinese Government considers itself aggrieved and makes representations on the subject to the Indo-Chinese authorities.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[22283]\n\n(No. 217.) Sir,\n\nReceived PAL 16 JUL 08 [June 29.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 29.)\n\nPeking, May 12, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report the further developments in the case of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, which formed the subject of my despatch No. 183 of the 28th April.\n\nThe representations which His Majesty's Consul-General at Tien-tsin made to the Acting Viceroy elicited the reply inclosed herewith, in which his Excellency declined to accede to the suggestion that work should be stopped by the Lan Chow Mining Company.\n\nA day or two before this communication reached me, I received a visit from his Excellency Tong Shoa-yi, who approached me on behalf of his Excellency Yuan Shih Kai with the view of arriving at a settlement of the dispute. After a prolonged discussion, the following three points were regarded as forming the essential basis of an arrangement:\n\n1. The regularization of the Company's position and the recognition of its title to the mining property.\n\n2. The payment of Chang Yen Mao's claim.\n\n3. The purchase by the Chinese Government of all the Company's land at Ching Wan Tao.\n\nThese conditions were communicated by me to Major Nathan, with a request that he would come up to Peking and let me have an expression of his views thereon. At an interview which I had with him on the 4th instant, Major Nathan authorized me to inform Tong Tajen that he was prepared to enter into negotiations on the above basis provided work at the new mine was suspended in the meantime. This discussion was communicated by me to Tong Tajen in a note, copies of which and of his reply are inclosed herewith.\n\nSince then, I have had further interviews with Major Nathan, Tong Tajen, and Chang Yen Mao, and a good deal of preliminary discussion has taken place with a view to paving the way for eventual negotiations. These informal conversations have revealed a wide divergence of views as to the area of the mining property to which the Company are entitled; but with the exercise of patience and goodwill on both sides, it may perhaps be possible to arrive at an understanding.\n\nIt is impossible, however, to make any further progress until someone is appointed on the Chinese side with full authority to carry on the negotiations. The idea at present appears to be to entrust this duty to Mr. M. T. Liang, lately Taotai at Shanghai and now a Councillor in the Wai-wu Pu.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\n0\n\n(Signed)\n\nT. FF. CARLISLE.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n(No. 27.) Sir,\n\nConsul-General Hopkins to Sir J. Jordan,\n\nTien-tsin, May 4, 1908.\n\nWITH reference to my telegram of yesterday, I have now the honour to forward copy and translation of the note of the Acting Viceroy Yang to myself, mentioned in my telegram, on the subject of the view held by the Chinese authorities respecting the alleged infringement by the Lan-chow Mining Company of the mining rights of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, Limited.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) L. C. HOPKINS,\n\n[1819-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421369, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 158, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# 156 \n\n## 1 \n\n### 4 \n\nStartling reports seem to have left the people at large comparatively indifferent; nowhere in the interior do they appear to have been stirred up to any very high pitch of feeling.\n\nHowever, not content with appealing to the people, the Society for the Protection of the Mines approached the Governor himself. The latter was requested to call upon Germany officially to renounce all her mining rights in Shantung, and he was expected, if necessary, actively to support the anti-German boycott. But the agitators were destined to suffer a severe disappointment. Whatever the actual sentiments of the Governor may have been towards the Germans and the German position in Shantung, he lost no time in making it quite clear that he did not propose to be made the tool of any sect or party, and that he intended to retain the control of affairs in his own hands, and to take whatever action seemed best to him, without yielding to popular clamour. Whatever his own private views on the Treaty relations subsisting between Germany and China, he afforded ample evidence of his determination to give no handle for a complaint, and to preserve a correct, if not necessarily a sympathetic, attitude towards the Germans.\n\nIn a Report to Peking some time ago the Governor dealt at length with the agitation for the preservation of the mining rights along the Tien-tsin-Pak'ou line; subsequently, however, he stated the leaders of the movement had gone further, and now clamoured for the cancellation of the Agreement of the 22nd August, 1907, confirming the grant of mining rights to a German Company in I-choufu, I-shuihsien, Chuchenghsien, Peita, and the Chefoo district (the five zones), and extending the time allowed for prospecting from ten months to two years. He went on to say that the movement was led and organized entirely by passed students, who claimed that the mining question was purely a commercial one, and that the negotiations should therefore have been left in the hands of the merchants. They also criticized the details of the Agreement under which Concessions for seven mines, of an area of 30 square li each, had been granted in the five zones. Others claimed (as in the leaflet annexed to this despatch) that the people of Shantung had not been consulted beforehand, and that the Agreement was consequently null and void. The Governor in his Report pointed out that the Concessions granted to the Germans were perfectly in order; that the Agreement had been signed a year before the new Mining Law of 1907 came into force, and that it had received the Imperial sanction; that the period allowed for prospecting had not expired; and that, consequently, there was no pretext whatever for cancelling the Concessions. He went on to say that, as China did not as yet possess a Constitution, the assent of the people was not necessary to the Agreement, and added that he had originally looked upon the Society for the Protection of the Mines as a harmless institution, but that recently the leaders, in a Memorial presented to him, had threatened, without any circumlocution, that, unless the Concessions were cancelled, they would protect their rights by hindering the working of the mines and by boycotting all German goods, and that if these measures proved futile there would undoubtedly be disturbances among the people sooner or later. Continuing, the Governor asked why these patriots did not oppose the signing of the Agreement while there was yet time, instead of demanding its cancellation now that it was too late; he apprehended mischief as a result of the agitation, and declared that the ringleaders must be proceeded against at once in order to avoid a conflict with foreigners which could only be productive of harm. He concluded by saying that any teachers or students who started such Societies, or even joined them, were acting in defiance of the law, and would be punished with the utmost severity. He therefore declared the Society for the Protection of Mines to be an illegal one, and ordered it to be dissolved.\n\nThe Germans, while fully aware that the Governor's action was dictated by policy alone, are also conscious how much they owe to him in the matter. At a feast given in Governor Yüan's honour at Tsingtau on the 21st October, Governor Truppel, in proposing his health, thanked him for the resolute manner in which he had dealt with the unlawful agitation for the cancellation of the German Mining Concessions in Shantung, to which Governor Yüan replied that, in acting thus, he had merely done his duty.\n\nIn spite, however, of the determined attitude of the Governor, the anti-German movement has by no means been definitely suppressed; at the present moment it is being carried on as actively as ever, this being possibly due, in part at least, to the Governor's temporary absence from Chinan. Whether the existing ill-feeling engendered by the oppressive taxation at Tsingtau, combined with the agitation against the German Mining Concessions, will subside in the near future is very doubtful, and it is quite within the bounds of possibility that the threatened boycott against the Germans throughout the Province of Shantung will eventually come to a head.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) \n**BERTRAM GILES**\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n### Anti-German Leaflet circulated in Chinan.\n\n#### Letter from the Work-people of Shantung, expressing their views on the struggle for the Mines. (Translation.)\n\nALAS! the life and death of our country of Shantung has now become a burning question. Here, in Tsingtau, we are not even allowed to work for other people in peace, and we have a few words to say to our elders and brethren which will cut them to the heart. We have recently heard that German merchants are about to ask permission to open mines in five zones in our country of Shantung; all of you have, doubtless, already heard of this. Since you have heard of it, it behoves all of you with one heart to rise up and struggle with them. Why do you stand there looking around you, refusing to come forth and act? We suppose it is because you do not fully realize the danger which threatens you. So now we will explain to all of you the horrors which we have undergone.\n\nFor instance, this place, Tsingtau, was originally a piece of our own country of Shantung. But ten years ago a German missionary was killed, for which in other countries only a certain amount of money compensation is paid, and that finishes the matter. Our Government, being ignorant of the rules governing foreign relations, cut off Tsingtau and handed it over. Nowadays all the land, all the property, and all the lives of the people are in the hands of the Germans. There is a tax on dwelling-houses, there is a tax on fishing, there is a tax on agriculture, there is even a tax on funerals; in very truth there is neither ground for the living to stand on nor ground for the dead to be buried in. These things we in our own persons have suffered; our own eyes have seen.\n\nAt that time a Tsingtau-Chinan Railway Agreement was also made, wherein it was laid down that for thirty li on either side of the line no Chinese were to be allowed to work mines. Thereby were the sources of wealth of our own country of Shantung in a large measure torn from us and pocketed by them. But it is clear that this does not satisfy their covetousness, and they are preparing to swallow our country of Shantung at one mouthful.\n\nThey further caused their merchants to discuss and make an Agreement with a few of our officials behind our backs. Now, this Five Mines Agreement is not an Agreement for working mines at all; it is clearly a bond for the destruction of Shantung. If you do not believe this, just note that wherever mines are started by foreigners a railway is constructed thither; when the railway is constructed thither, soldiers are then sent thither; once the soldiers have come, our people are then merely food for their powder, meat under their knives, mud beneath their horses' hoofs. This is called conquest by mines followed up by a railway, and the annihilation of a race through the agency of mines. At present, whenever any country starts out to conquer another country and to annihilate another race, this is always the method adopted, and it is called the scheme of the control of railways and mines.\n\nAnd now, elders and brethren, what we say is: awake without delay! If the five mines can be preserved, then our country of Shantung can also be preserved; if the five mines are lost, then our Shantung people will one and all be destroyed. If Shantung is preserved, Tsingtau may also be recovered in the future; but if we cannot preserve Shantung, what is the use of talking about Tsingtau? And then, not only are we at the present moment the dogs and the horses and the slaves of other people, but our sons and our grandsons, down to the remotest generations, will all of them also be the dogs and the horses and the slaves of other people.\n\nBesides, as regards the Agreement concerning the five mines, it is only their merchants who have made it with a few of our officials; among our Shantung people there is not one man who knows about it; there is not one single man who acknowledges it; it is a thing of no account. If you people of Shantung will come forward as one man and struggle with them, then later on you will be able to tear up that Agreement of theirs. But if you do not rise up now to struggle with them, they will think that our Shantung people have already ... you must not fight with them or raise a disturbance against them.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421498, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 287, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n## Police Report respecting Disturbances in Hong Kong\n\nSir,\n\nCentral Police Station, November 3, 1908.\n\n**DETECTIVE-SERGEANT HAU HANG** has informed me as follows: \"On Saturday last, the 31st ultimo, twenty-five Chinese came from Canton by the day boat, who were sent by the **National Disgrace Society** to carry out the work of the following two days in the interests of the boycott movement. Of these twenty-five persons, one had had his queue cut, and was dressed in European attire. On arrival here they all put up at various places, in brothels at Shek Tong Tsui and other places. The man without the queue purchased several hundred small abacus frames, suitable for carrying in the pocket, at the rate of 40 cents per 100. (One herewith.) The modus operandi was this: The twenty-four men were provided with an abacus each, which they carried in their pocket until arriving at the scene of conquest. There had been enlisted into the service of these twenty-five men about 100 Chinese, composed of coolies, who usually do the work of carrying ammunition for the military authorities to the rifle ranges, and of vegetable hawkers, mostly unlicensed, who, at a given signal from one of the twenty-four, by shaking the abacus when at the door of any place that showed or contained Japanese goods, pointed out to them by the leader, by his saying: 'Here are Japanese goods,' would proceed to burst into the place indicated and smash up things, then walking away and leaving the goods to be picked up by the rabble as loot.\n\n\"Of the twenty-five of them, twenty-four of them are expected to leave either for Macao or Canton to-day, taking back with them the beads of the abacus, the frame having been discarded, to show that they have been successful, and to enable them to receive the reward of $20, which awaits them from the Society at Canton. Each of them has a letter from the Society, for the double object of showing their identity in case of being shot in any mêlée here, when the people of the deceased would receive $500 from the Society, and for the purposes of identity of those returning to Canton to earn the reward. The twenty-fifth man is believed to be resident in Hong Kong.\"\n\nI attach a letter received by Iau Hang through the post this morning. He and a party of detectives are now watching the Macao steamer, and will later watch the Canton steamers, with a view of having any of the twenty-four identified, if possible.\n\nOne of the men shot yesterday is Un Ch'an, 22, late address, No. 12, First Street, 1st floor, who, with his uncle, Un Shang, alias I Sha Lo, lived at that address. The uncle also took part in the rioting, but has fled.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\n**J. W. HANSON**,\nChief Detective Inspector.\n\n# Inclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\n## Governor Sir F. Lugard to Sir C. MacDonald\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, November 4, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to confirm my telegram which I dispatched to you on the 2nd instant, and of which I inclose a copy **en clair**. I regret to inform you that on Sunday and Monday, 1st and 2nd November, serious rioting broke out in this Colony in connection with the Japanese boycott. It would appear, so far as I am at present able to judge, that the fact that the boycott was becoming inoperative here and that rumours of its complete abandonment at an early day had gained credence had prompted the **National Disgrace Society** at Canton to dispatch a body of men to organize a riot here and to destroy the property of Chinese merchants and tradesmen who dealt in Japanese goods. In reference to this, I inclose a copy of report made to me by the police to-day.*\n\n2\\. The organization was directed solely against Chinese vendors, and I have heard of no instance in which a Japanese shop was injured. The riot attained such dimensions that I was under the necessity of calling out troops to restore order. I am taking drastic steps to deal with those Hong Kong Chinese who have connived at or instigated this outrage, and to put a forcible end, if that should be possible, to the continuance of the boycott.\n\n3\\. I shall be obliged if you will explain to the Government of His Imperial Majesty my great regret that this Colony should have been the scene of an **émeute** prompted by ill-feeling towards Japan, even though it originated from a city in China, and was so cleverly and secretly planned as to be a complete surprise to this Colony.\n\n4\\. I leave it to your consideration and discretion how far you may judge it to be advisable to communicate the details of which I have informed you to the Japanese Government. I should be sorry to inflame the feeling in that country against China, but at the same time I consider it as I am sure your Excellency will—to be of great importance that the Japanese Government should be made fully aware that the origin and cause of this disturbance did not emanate from this British Colony. The participation of Canton emissaries is already reported in the local press, and the Japanese Consul will no doubt advise his Government of the whole circumstances so far as he may know them. No Japanese were attacked.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\n**F. D. LUGARD**\n\n# Inclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\n## Governor Sir F. Lugard to Sir C. MacDonald\n\n(Telegraphic.)\n\nHong Kong, November 2, 1908.\n\n**REGRET** to inform you that riot broken out to-day in connection with boycott. No effort will be spared to prevent further disturbance. Matter being investigated. Convicted ringleaders will be punished severely.\n\n# Inclosure 6 in No. 1.\n\n## Governor Sir F. Lugard to Sir J. Jordan\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, November 4, 1908.\n\nI REGRET to inform your Excellency that on Sunday and Monday last this Colony was the scene of an organized riot, having for its object the destruction of the shops and goods of Chinese vendors of Japanese articles. From the inclosed copy of a despatch which I have addressed to the Consul-General at Canton, your Excellency will see that the affair was apparently organized from that city with such secrecy and skill as to have taken the police of this Colony completely by surprise. The riot attained such dimensions that I was under the necessity of calling out troops to restore order.\n\n2\\. I leave to your Excellency's discretion the nature of the representations which you may judge it best to make to the Chinese Government as to what has occurred. I need not point out that the selection of Hong Kong for the scene of the outrage is calculated, and was possibly intended, to jeopardize British relations with Japan, while the originators at Canton hoped to evade the consequences which might have arisen had the affair occurred in that city. In this connection I have the honour to inclose copy of a despatch I have addressed to His Britannic Majesty's Ambassador at Tokiô.\n\nI have the honour to request that your Excellency will, in the strongest terms, urge upon the Chinese Government the imperative necessity for taking fully adequate measures for preventing the recurrence of an act so prejudicial to the good relations existing between our respective countries.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\n**F. D. LUGARD**\n\n285", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421605, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 394, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "**(Confidential.)** Sir,\n\n2\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\n**Governor Sir F. Lugard to Consul-General Mansfield.**\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, November 5, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to transmit the inclosed copy of a police report concerning the manner in which the recent disturbances in this Colony, having their origin in the boycott of the goods of Japanese dealers, were instigated, and to request that you will be good enough to draw the serious attention of the Viceroy to the fact that the recent disturbances in this Colony, which resulted in destruction of much property and in loss of life, were the work of a gang of Chinese sent to Hong Kong for the purpose by the \"National Disgrace Society\" in Canton, and to urge the Viceroy to cause close inquiry to be made into the matter with a view to the punishment of the instigators of this outrage. I shall also be obliged if you will take the opportunity of informing the Viceroy that I am taking drastic measures to suppress the boycott of dealers in Japanese goods which has led to this unfortunate occurrence, and that I trust the Viceroy will co-operate with me in taking similar steps.\n\nSir,\n\nI am forwarding a copy of this despatch to His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) **F. D. LUGARD.**\n\n## Inclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n**Inspector Hanson to Governor Sir F. Lugard.**\n\nCentral Police Station, November 3, 1908.\n\nDETECTIVE-SERGEANT HAU HANG has informed me as follows:-\n\nOn Saturday last, the 31st ultimo, twenty-five Chinese came from Canton by the day boat, who were sent by the \"National Disgrace Society\" to carry out the work of the following two days in the interests of the boycott movement. Of these twenty-five persons, one had had his queue cut and was dressed in European attire. On arrival here they all put up at various places, in brothels at Shek Tong Tsui and other places. The man without the queue purchased several hundred small abacus frames, suitable for carrying in the pocket, at the rate of 40 cents per 100. (One herewith.) The modus operandi was this - the twenty-four men were provided with an abacus each, which they carried in their pockets until arriving at the scene of conquest. There had been enlisted into the service of these twenty-five men about 100 Chinese, composed of coolies who usually do the work of carrying ammunition for the military authorities to the rifle ranges, and of vegetable hawkers, mostly unlicensed, who, at a given signal from one of the twenty-four, by shaking the abacus when at the door of any place that showed or contained Japanese goods, pointed out to them by the leader by his saying: \"Here are Japanese goods,\" would proceed to burst into the place indicated and smash up things, then walking away, and leaving the goods to be picked up by the rabble as loot.\n\nOf the twenty-five of them, twenty-four are expected to leave, either for Macao or Canton, to-day, taking back with them the beads of the abacus, the frame having been discarded, to show that they have been successful, and to enable them to receive the reward of 20 dollars which awaits them from the Society at Canton. Each of them has a letter from the Society, for the double object of showing their identity in case of being shot in any mêlée here, when the people of the deceased would receive 500 dollars from the Society, and for the purpose of identity of those returning to Canton to earn the reward. The twenty-fifth man is believed to be resident in Hong Kong.\n\nI attach a letter received by Hau Hang through the post this morning.\n\nHe and a party of detectives are now watching the Macao steamer, and will later watch the Canton steamers, with a view to having any of the twenty-four identified, if possible.\n\nThe uncle of one of the men shot yesterday is Un Chian, 22, late address 12, First Street, first floor, who with his uncle, Un Shang, alias I Sha Lo, lived at that address, also took part in the rioting, but has fled.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) **J. W. HANSON, Chief Detective-Inspector.**\n\n## Inclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\n**Governor Sir F. Lugard to Sir C. MacDonald.**\n\nGovernment House, Hong Kong, November 4, 1908.\n\nI HAVE the honour to confirm my telegram, which I dispatched to you on the 2nd instant, and of which I inclose a copy en clair. I regret to inform you that on Sunday and Monday, the 1st and 2nd November, serious rioting broke out in this Colony in connection with the Japanese boycott. It would appear, so far as I am at present able to judge, that the fact that the boycott was becoming inoperative here, and that rumours of its complete abandonment at an early day had gained credence, had prompted the \"National Disgrace Society\" at Canton to dispatch a body of men to organize a riot here and to destroy the property of Chinese merchants and tradesmen who dealt in Japanese goods. In reference to this, I inclose a copy of report made to me by the police to-day.\n\n2. The organization was directed solely against Chinese vendors, and I have heard of no instance in which a Japanese shop was injured. The riot attained such dimensions that I was under the necessity of calling out troops to restore order. I am taking drastic steps to deal with those Hong Kong Chinese who have connived at or instigated this outrage, and to put a forcible end, if that should be possible, to the continuance of the boycott.\n\n3. I shall be obliged if you will explain to the Government of His Imperial Majesty my regret that this Colony should have been the scene of an émeute prompted by ill-feeling towards Japan, even though it originated from a city in China, and was so cleverly and secretly planned as to be a complete surprise to this Colony.\n\n4. I leave it to your consideration and discretion how far you may judge it to be advisable to communicate the details of which I have informed you to the Japanese Government. I should be sorry to inflame the feeling in that country against China, but at the same time I consider it as I am sure your Excellency will - to be of great importance that the Japanese Government should be made fully aware that the origin and cause of this disturbance did not emanate from this British Colony. The participation of Canton emissaries is already reported in the local press, and the Japanese Consul will no doubt advise his Government of the whole circumstances so far as he may know them. No Japanese were attacked.\n\nI have, &c. \n(Signed) **F. D. LUGARD.**\n\n## Inclosure 5 in No. 1.\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Prince Ch'ing.**\n\nPeking, November 24, 1908.\n\nI HAVE received a despatch from his Excellency the Governor of Hong Kong on the subject of the riot which took place in that Colony on the 1st and 2nd November. The object of this disorder was to destroy the shops and goods of Chinese vendors of Japanese articles, and it was organized from Canton by the so-called \"National Disgrace Society,\" which sent more than twenty emissaries to Hong Kong on the 31st October for the express purpose of fomenting a disturbance. These persons so far succeeded in their nefarious design that troops had to be called out to quell the riot which they had provoked.\n\nI need hardly point out to your Highness the gravity of the offence and the injury to good relations involved in such proceedings. That a hostile demonstration against Japan should have taken place in a British Colony at the instigation of Chinese agitators from Canton cannot fail to produce a most unfavourable impression on His Majesty's Government, and it is my duty to draw the serious attention of the Chinese Government to the occurrence, and to request that the responsible agents of the Society in question may be severely punished. I trust also that the Viceroy at Canton may be urged to take all precautions to prevent the recurrence of such an incident.\n\nI avail, &c. \n(Signed) **J. N. JORDAN.**\n\n392", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422236, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 265, "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## Jurisdiction in British and German Concessions in China\n\nIt has been suggested that a British or German subject holding a lease on the other Power's Concession should be required to enter into an undertaking that they held the lease subject to the condition that all questions in regard thereto should be determined according to the law of the Power holding the Concession. This would be of advantage to British subjects as settling the law and might meet the German difficulty in regard to registration and priority of mortgages. To take a concrete example, suppose that a British mortgagee had advanced money to a German mortgagor on the security of a Canton British Concession lot registered at the British Consulate in the name of the German subject. The mortgage had been registered at the British Consulate in accordance with `section 2` of the Shameen Land Regulations, 1908 (`King's Regulations No. 2 of 1908`), and `Article 129-133` of the `Order in Council 1904`. If the German became bankrupt, the estate would be administered under the jurisdiction of the German Court at Canton, which would give the British mortgagee their rights according to English law in respect of their registered mortgage. If the British mortgagee thought they were not getting their rights, they might apply to the British Court for an injunction restraining the Registrar from transferring the lot until the matter had been duly determined. This case, put vice versa in regard to a British subject holding a lot on the German Concession at Hankow, would seem to give all the certainty to the law of mortgages the Germans can require.\n\nThe alternative would be that the Court of the Power holding the Concession should be the `forum rei sitae` with sole jurisdiction to decide all questions in regard to concession lots. This looks neater on paper, but I am not prepared to say off-hand that it would work well in practice. An obvious objection is that the Court would have no power to act in personam against a foreigner, e.g., in giving possession or the enjoyment of an easement. It would necessitate an amendment of `Article 5` of the `Order in Council 1904`, and perhaps to cover all the ground, an agreement among the Treaty Powers holding concessions.\n\n### Jurisdiction over Foreigners to Enforce Municipal Regulations\n\nThere seem to be grave objections to the German proposals under this head. China has given up her territorial jurisdiction over British subjects to Great Britain. Has Great Britain, therefore, the right to transfer any part of this jurisdiction to Germany? Again, the King in Council can, in virtue of the `Foreign Jurisdiction Act`, bind British subjects in China by legislation, and his Courts can apply German or any other law and can, in civil actions, enforce an undertaking by a British subject to be bound by German law. But has the King the right, as against his own subjects, to put them under the jurisdiction of a German Court? The `Foreign Jurisdiction Act` provides that the jurisdiction held by the Crown shall be enjoyed in the same and as ample a manner as if Her Majesty had acquired that jurisdiction by the cession or conquest of territory, that is to say, by sole virtue of the prerogative as if China were a Crown Colony, so that the King has absolute power of legislation for his subjects in China by `Order in Council`. But because the King can make laws and establish his own Courts to administer them, it by no means follows that he can hand over British subjects in China to the jurisdiction of a Court of a foreign Sovereign.\n\nBut whether illegal or not, I think such a course would be highly inexpedient. It would tend to confuse a long-established system—the personal law administered by the defendant's Court—which works better than a Western lawyer could imagine possible. If a German Court is to fine a British subject in China, is it to imprison in default of payment? (See `Article 13` of `Order in Council 1907`). The grant of any such power to a German Court would be deeply resented by British subjects. Suppose a breach of Municipal Regulations combined with an assault on a German police constable—a very likely case—is the breach to be tried by the German Court and the assault by the British? I believe that in practice, such an arrangement would breed confusion and contempt for the administration of justice; it would upset a practice with which I thought every foreigner in China was satisfied until I read this paper.\n\nThere is, however, a flaw in the present system, namely, that there is no power to enforce Municipal Regulations on any other subject of a foreign Power except the lot-holder who has entered into an undertaking to be bound by the Concession Regulations. To give an example, how is bye-law 27 of the Canton Land Regulations in regard to riding and driving (`King's Regulation No. 2 of 1905`) to be enforced against a German who, not being a lot-holder, has not given the above undertaking, say a German bluejacket? The bye-law is not German law, and the German Court would have no power to enforce it. The remedy would seem to be Regulations, agreed to by all the Treaty Powers, applying to all Concessions and issued, so far as we are concerned, under `Article 156` of the `Order in Council 1904`. There would, I believe, be no difficulty in drawing one set of Regulations to apply to all Concessions in China.\n\n1. \"Jurisdiction over land\" would be then provided for by the undertaking, and \n2. \"Jurisdiction over foreigners\" by such Regulations, without upsetting the present practice in regard to the jurisdiction. Perhaps these two measures might meet the German requirements. I agree that in both cases, there is a serious difficulty to be met, but I recommend the above course of action as likely to work better in practice than that proposed by Dr. Kriege.\n\n**Supreme Court, Shanghae, February 24, 1909.**\n\n**(Signed) F. S. A. BOURNE**\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n### Acting Consul-General Ker to Sir J. Jordan\n\n**(No. 12.) Tien-tsin, February 4, 1909.**\n\nSir,\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch `No. 6` of the 30th ultimo, inclosing copies of correspondence relative to a proposal put forward by the German Delegate to the International Naval Conference in London for the modification of jurisdiction in the British and German Concessions in China, and calling for an expression of my views on the points raised by Dr. Kriege.\n\nDr. Kriege's suggestion is that the German Consular Authorities should have, within the limits of the German Concession, jurisdiction over British subjects \"in all matters relating to land and to the enforcement of municipal regulations,\" and that the British Consular authorities should have a like jurisdiction over German subjects.\n\nNo case is made out for granting such jurisdiction for the purpose of enforcing municipal regulations, and it suffices to apply to this part of the proposal Mr. Hurst's opinion that it \"would thrust upon us a considerable jurisdiction that there would be no advantage in possessing.\"\n\nWith regard to \"land matters,\" Dr. Kriege advances the arguments: (1) that money cannot be safely lent on mortgage unless both parties know their legal position, and (2) that the judgment of a foreign Consular Court cannot be enforced without application to the Consular Court of the Concession Power.\n\nTo meet these arguments, it is only necessary to examine the law and practice prevailing in the British Concession at Tien-tsin. If a German owns a lot in the British Concession and mortgages it to a Frenchman, the instrument of mortgage is registered in the British Consulate-General and nowhere else. The German authorities in Tien-tsin have expressly recognized that such registration is all that is necessary to give validity to the document; for it is obviously essential that the register of mortgages should exist alongside of and be complementary to the land-register.\n\nDuring the forty-eight years that the British Concession has existed in Tien-tsin, no legal proceedings have ever been taken to enforce a mortgage; but, in the case which I have quoted, if the French mortgagee required the help of the law to enforce their rights, they would naturally bring an action against the German mortgagor in the German Court, which, on due proof of the registration of the mortgage, would determine the rights of the parties by an application of the elementary principles of private international law. No further application in the British Consular Court would be necessary; the British Consul-General, acting in their executive capacity, would give effect to the Decree of the German Court.\n\nI venture to submit that the mere statement of the system now in force is sufficient to refute Dr. Kriege's arguments in favour of altering it. The system is, in fact, juridically more sound and logical than that suggested by Dr. Kriege, for even if the change were made, a British Court could only exercise a partial jurisdiction over a German defendant, the exact limits of which it would be impossible to define, for instance, that it is not contemplated that a British judge should have power to commit a German mortgagor to prison for contempt of Court. This is only one of many difficult questions which might arise and which might prove a fertile source of friction and inconvenience.\n\nPage 255 \n[2243 -3]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 422720, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 123, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## 12\n\nScribblings on them. One was to ward off devils; it said, \"No devil may enter here.\" The other was against sickness. In this way, the people think themselves quite safe.\n\nContinuing down the stony bed of the stream which flows past Yangpuyausze through narrow winding valleys, we emerged at Hsikowmen onto the great plain on which stands Kweihuacheng, the mountains to the north of the plain being just visible through a slight sandstorm. There are many villages dotted about the plain, and the population of these is entirely Chinese; all look prosperous, and the houses clean and neat. Part of the plain is well cultivated, but a large portion is impregnated with alkaline salts. Streams unnavigable even for small boats flow down gently to the west into the Yellow River, and these and the marshes formed by them are full of geese and duck. Sleeping a night at Yangkouban, we entered Kweihuacheng on the 19th April.\n\n### Kweihuacheng\n\nKweichuacheng, the Mongol Kukuhoto, is a busy thriving town which might do twice as much business as it at present does were only the means of communication improved in all directions. The population is said to be over 100,000, of which the greater number is Chinese, though the actual land on which the houses are built is owned by Mongols.\n\nThere are, however, always a fair number of Mongols who have either come for purposes of trade or are on their way to Wutaishan. Unlike the usual Chinese town, Kweihuacheng lies scattered on the plain entirely unprotected by walls except for a small portion of great antiquity which is situated in the midst of a labyrinth of narrow winding streets.\n\nThere are Roman Catholic and China Inland Mission stations, the former conducted by native pastors only, the latter by Swedes.\n\nThere is an office of the Chinese Imperial Posts which seems entirely reliable, but no telegraph as yet. Letters are sent by means of runners who travel 20 miles and hand their mail bag to another man waiting for it; in this manner, the mails travel day and night.\n\nThere is no question of any railway having been begun at Kweihuacheng as yet. All the coal used here comes from the neighbourhood of Salatsi, two days (60 miles) distance by cart to the west. The coal is excellent and abundant.\n\nLiving is much less expensive here than it is in Peking; the following prices are interesting: 150 dollars for a Peking cart, 30 to 200 dollars for a mule, a sheep 6s. to 18s., a camel £4 10s. to £12, a pony £3 10s., as against £7 in Peking.\n\nA great number of mules are bred in the neighbourhood.\n\nThe chief exports are: ponies, cattle, mules, sheep, camels, skins, sheepskins, fur, wool, grain, beans, and tobacco.\n\nThere are no Russian merchants, but a few visit the town from time to time on business mostly connected with tea; they have no houses or godowns of their own, but when they come, inhabit the inns.\n\nThe streets are very full of police who do their work somewhat officiously, but this may be explained by the fact that since 1900, when the Boxer storm broke over Kweihuacheng and the neighbourhood with especial vehemence, the authorities have been extremely zealous in seeing to the welfare of foreigners.\n\nIn Kweihuacheng, I saw the first instance I had yet seen in China of an attempt at a poor house, though perhaps the name \"beggars' home\" more fitly describes it. It was a building capable of holding 600 people and is open to any beggars who care to enter; it is maintained by the Taotai who supplies rice, not money, to the amount of two meals a day to each inmate. A staff of four or five, of whom two are cooks, the others being supposed to keep the place clean, are in charge of the building. Beggars who come in strip themselves naked and just lie on the káng. On the day of my visit, there were only twenty inmates, and they were all lying in what was, at the same time, the kitchen. No restrictions seem to be placed on their movements, and if they like, they may spend the whole of the day in the street begging. It is said that to stifle the cries of those who only drift into the refuge to die, mud is stuffed in their mouths. Though the dirt of the inhabitants of the place and the stench of their rags were indescribable, yet these gentlemen resent the arrival of any beggar whom they consider too dirty for their society and oust him. I came across one pitiable case—a man lying, at his last gasp—and almost unrecognizable as a human being, owing to dirt, in the road just outside the gate of this asylum to which he could not enter because he was too dirty.\n\n## 13\n\n### Hsincheng\n\nTwo miles to the east of Kweihuacheng lies Hsincheng, \"New Town.\" When the Manchu wave of conquest had engulfed the Mongol town of Kukuhoto, the Manchus built a \"new town\" for themselves in the neighbourhood. This became the fortress and was surrounded by high walls of the usual type and entered by strong gateways at the cardinal points. The town was solely for Manchu inhabitants. Hsincheng has maintained all these characteristics and has, therefore, a dreary lifeless appearance. Marshy fields separate it from Kweihuacheng.\n\nThe town is surrounded by groves of fine trees, and the interior is well laid out, the roads being broad and good, but the buildings are poor and squalid. The population, exclusively Manchu, is about 3,000. The city is policed by forty men all dressed in neat uniform. They look efficient, but are too numerous for the infinitesimal amount of traffic. Their pay is 6s. a month, as against 18s. in Peking, but living in the capital is, of course, dearer. There are barracks for the Manchu soldiers just outside the west gate. Between the two cities of Kweihuacheng and Hsincheng are further barracks for the Chinese troops.\n\nThe only attempt that I could find at Kweihuacheng that had been made to enforce the Imperial wishes respecting the amalgamation of the Manchus and Chinese is the withdrawal of the restriction respecting mixed marriages, but as these rarely take place owing to the ridicule to which the bride is exposed in her husband's family on account of the size, large or small, of her feet, as the case may be, it may be said to be as yet a dead letter.\n\nThe Government of Kweihuacheng and Hsincheng is carried on by means of a Chiangchun (Tartar General), who has charge of the Manchus and should reside in Hsincheng, a Tutung, who is in charge of Mongol interests, and a Taotai, who seems to look after what the other officials do not. The Chiangchun and Tutung were both disgraced in April 1908, but new men have doubtless been appointed. The Taotai is said to be progressive and to have opened a number of schools in the last two years.\n\n### Opium (between Peking and Kweihuacheng)\n\nAt Hsuanhuafu, I learnt that beyond the publication of the Imperial Edicts against the use of opium and the closing of a few shops, little had (up to April 1907) been done officially, and opium smoking continued unabated. As regards land under poppy cultivation, the ground is not very favourable for it; still, the best ground formerly was given up to it, and a marked improvement is said to have been made in this respect within the last two years. From Kalgan, there is better news to report. The opium shops and dens had all been closed, and opium was being sold at a Government shop in small sealed packets to licensed smokers. Some of the officials were said to be opium smokers. I learnt that a number of Mongols had been ruined by opium.\n\nAt Tatungfu, the anti-opium movement found a ready response at first, but the people were confused by the number of Imperial utterances on the subject, and, finding themselves unsupported by the officials, had ceased to take any further steps on their own behalf, and were smoking and planting the poppy as much as before. The officials had paid no attention to that portion of the Decree dealing with the registration of smokers, but were awakening to the fact that they must do something in obedience to the Government's wishes. The same story was told at the small district town of Tientschonn to the east of Tatungfu.\n\nAt Sopingfu, nothing had been done with the exception of the issue of a few Proclamations; neither shops nor dens had been closed, nor was there any diminution in the amount of land under poppy cultivation. The officials, however, were said not to smoke. The poverty of the town is said to be largely due to the use of opium.\n\nExactly the same report applies to Kweihuacheng.\n\n## SECTION II.—KWEIHUACHENG TO NINGHSIA, IN KANSU, ACROSS THE ORDOS\n\n### Transport\n\nThe best form of transport for travelling in the Ordos is undoubtedly camels. Camel carts and mule carts are possible, but difficult, owing to the quantity of drift sands, and they are, therefore, much more expensive than camels.\n\nPage 121", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423190, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 593, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# [B] \n**C.O.**\n\n**This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.** 133552\n\n## **AFFAIRS OF CHINA.**\n**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n[34652]\n\n### No. 1.\n\nREG2 12 OCT 09\n\n[September 16.]\n\n691\n\n## SECTION 2.\n\n### Consul Carlisle to Sir Edward Grey-(Received September 16.)\n\n**(No. 2. Confidential.)** Sir,\n\nHanoi, August 7, 1909. IN several of my despatches in this series written last year, I referred to the disturbed condition of Tonquin, and to the armed attacks by brigands which were taking place in various parts of the country. Matters have not improved since then, and lately indeed seem to have become aggravated. I have the honour therefore to give in this despatch a brief résumé of some recent events which may be of interest in case of further developments in this direction.\n\nIn my No. 6 of the 18th May, 1908, I mentioned the Dê-Tham, an Annamite ex-rebel, or, according to the French, \"pirate,\" who, after carrying on a highly successful campaign for several years at the time of the conquest and pacification of Tonquin, had been one of the very last to lay down his arms. He made a first submission in 1894, but took the field again the following year and fought until 1897, when he once more came to terms with the French, and was granted a concession in the Yen-thé district, near Phu-lang-thuong. Since then he had lived there in practical independence, showing a marked distrust of the French, and gradually gathering round him a bodyguard of well-armed retainers. He had for long been suspected of maintaining relations with the discontented and freebooting elements of the population, and he had acquired a wide-spread reputation amongst the natives as a great chieftain whom the French feared to offend.\n\nWhen last year, after the attempted poisoning of the Hanoi garrison, the condition of the country began to appear threatening, the resident-superior of Tonquin invited the De-Tham to come into Hanoi and pay his respects (which he had consistently refused to do since his submission), in order to dissipate the rumours which were current as to his disaffection. The Dê-Tham gave a trivial excuse to postpone the visit, and never came at all. It was then decided that he must be reduced by force, as mentioned in my despatches Nos. 12 and 13 of last year. The preparations were kept as secret as possible, the Government denying till the last that any expedition was in contemplation, and it was not until the end of January that they were completed and an ultimatum was presented to the De-Tham, to which he did not reply.\n\nA column of 1,500 men was quietly concentrated, and on the 29th January all was ready. The Dê-Tham was to have been taken by surprise, but a misunderstanding seems to have arisen between the \"garde indigène,\" or militia, who are under the order of the civil authorities, and the military. At all events the former, to the number of about 200 men, attacked the De-Tham's position in the morning of that day without waiting for the support of the military. The militia were badly beaten, the De-Tham's men, who are supposed to have numbered about 150, coming out of their stronghold and charging. The militia fell back in some confusion to the base of operations at Nha Nam.\n\nThe next day the regular troops advanced with the artillery and shelled the Dê-Tham's two strongholds, but it was too late—he and his men had disappeared.\n\nAfter this a few desultory skirmishes took place with outlying bands of brigands, but there was no serious engagement. The troops occupied the whole Yen-thé district, and the Dê-Tham was supposed to be blockaded in the mountains and to be entirely cut off from supplies. A large number of his female relations were captured and kept in Phu-lang-thuong; several of his retainers also were taken prisoners, or made a voluntary submission. About April official information was to the effect that he had not more than a dozen men left with him, that he and they were starving, and that his submission was only a question of a few weeks. As a matter of fact, it appears now that he was being well supplied with provisions all the time, his influence with the native population being much greater than the authorities supposed. When the hot weather arrived, part of the European troops were withdrawn from the Yen-thé, which seemed to be thoroughly pacified.\n\n[2418 q---2]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423496, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 100, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "## 2\n\n2. In this Government's letter to the Railway Board, dated the 4th August, 1905, the lieutenant-governor recommended that an early attempt should be made to obtain a concession from the Chinese Government for the construction and working of a railway from Bhamo to Tengyueh, with a possibility of extending it later to Talifu. The lieutenant-governor again emphasised the great importance, from the political and economical point of view, of the early establishment of railway communication between Burmah and Talifu, with a view to eventual extension to Yunnan-fu, in the letter to the Railway Board, dated the 4th November, 1907. In the interests of British commerce, and with special reference to the approaching completion of the French railway to Yunnan-fu, the lieutenant-governor strongly urged in that letter the serious consideration of the project and the urgent need of effecting a settlement at an early date. His Honour ventures now to submit this further representation to the same effect, as he is deeply convinced of the need of immediate action.\n\n3. Recent additional evidence of the importance of establishing railway communication between Burmah and Yunnan has been afforded by the valuable reports on the mineral resources of the country by Mr. J. Coggin-Brown, of the Geological Survey of India, who has been travelling in Yunnan during the past two open seasons. Mr. Coggin-Brown's reports have been submitted to the Government of India, but the lieutenant-governor ventures to extract certain passages which have a special bearing on the present question. The following is an extract from the report on Jurisprudence in Yünnan:\n\n\"The province of Yünnan, including perhaps a part of southern Szechuan, and a narrow belt of country along the western Kucichou border, is one of the richest mineral-producing areas of the Chinese Empire. The theory has been advanced—and it does not want the support of able advocates—that the object of the last Chinese conquest of Yunnan was to work the mines which the province contained. Deposits of gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, zinc, arsenic, antimony, mercury, cobalt, nickel, coal, iron, salt, and sulphur are amongst those which are known to occur. Their value induced Garnier to write: 'A legislation more liberal, more perfected means of working, and an opening to a European port would make Yünnan the most important metallic mart of the world.' Copper is widely distributed, and the province is said to supply the greater proportion of the metal used in coining cash in circulation throughout China. Tribute copper is still sent annually from Yunnan to Peking. At least one French syndicate has already been floated to work these copper ores. The silver dollars and smaller coins now being struck in the Yunnan-fu mint are made from metal mined and smelted in the province. In almost every prefecture there are recorded occurrences of argentiferous lead ores. The manufacture of tin, lead, and zinc adds largely to the provincial budget. The exploitation of orpiment, the valuable ore of arsenic, from Yunnan into Burmah, has been going on for several decades. During the years 1895-1906 the value of this mineral alone which reached Burmah was over 15,00,000 rupees. In 1906-7 it was the fifth most valuable product brought overland into that country. The quicksilver mines of Kueichou, though feared by some experts to be near the exhaustion-point, are being reopened by a European company. The cobalt ores found to the north of Tung-chuan-fu have furnished the celebrated blue glazes for which the porcelain of Kuang-si is so justly famous. The salt deposits of Yunnan, though secondary in importance to those of Szechuan, are still large enough to supply the needs of the greater part of the population and bring a large revenue into the provincial exchequer; a close proximity exists in the position of the coal and iron-ore deposits of Yünnan—those assets which often prove more valuable to a country than occurrences of the precious metals. Coal-fields of two distinct geological ages have been discovered, both of which furnish material of good quality, and are of the utmost importance both in questions relating to fuel for railways and for the supply of coke for metallurgical operations.\"\n\nThe following passage from the report on \"The Mineral Resources of the Province of Yunnan\" deals with the effect which a railway from Bhamo would have on the valuable trade in orpiment from the mines in the neighbourhood of Talifu:\n\n\"It only remains to discuss here the probable effect which a railway through Western Yunnan would have on this industry, and its profitable development. There are several points which must be borne in mind, and which may briefly be enumerated as follows:\n\n\"(1) Very little work has to be done on the material after it is once brought to the surface. There are no expensive chemical operations or smelting treatments to be taken into account. Beyond hand-crushing and washing, the orpiment is ready for transportation.\n\n\"(2) Large profits are certainly being made at the present time by carrying the ore to the foreign markets in Burmah by the slow, costly, and laborious method of mule transportation over great distances.\n\n\"(3) On the best Chinese authority, the supply of mineral is only limited by the demand, and the mines at present show no signs of impoverishment (though I should strongly urge the confirmation of this latter statement by thorough prospecting operations before any attempt were made to open up on European lines).\n\n\"I therefore conclude that on the completion of a railway from Bhamo to Tengyueh, and the consequent cheapening of transportation that there is a hopeful future for the industry, especially if efforts were made to create a larger market in Burmah and India. This remark applies to a greater extent if the railway were extended to Hsia-Kuan and Talifu, for then the mining region would be very accessible, only a journey of one or two days having to be made by mule-train, instead of the present one of about twenty-seven days or more to Bhamo, with its attendant heavy risks of loss in a very mountainous country, with a somewhat severe climate.\"\n\nMr. Coggin-Brown's note on \"The Iron Industry of Tien-Taung-Kuan\" concludes with the words:\n\n\"The existence of iron ores in the country north of Tengyueh and parallel to the frontier of Burmah is in any case another asset from which the proposed railway has all to gain and nothing to lose. There is now no doubt that this area is a richly mineralised one, and the lead, silver, gold, copper, zinc, and iron ores which I have proved to exist there deserve the attention of the prospector and capitalist, and merit careful consideration in connection with the suggested railway.\"\n\nAnd in his report on \"The Salt Industry of the Ting-yüan Hsien district\" he says:\n\n\"As salt is a monopoly of the Chinese Government, and also a source of revenue in the Indian Empire, questions are raised in any discussion with regard to its trans-frontier carriage which cannot be dealt with by the geologist. The supply of salt for Yünnan itself, with its large population, appears to be in no danger of exceeding the demand. One of the most serious expenses of the industry is the cost of transportation from the manufacturing centres to the areas of distribution, which is at present carried on by coolies or by pack-mules. The introduction of railways into the province will considerably reduce this expenditure.\"\n\nMr. Coggin-Brown emphasises the important part that railways must take in the competition for the trade of Yunnan in the following passage from his note on the orpiment mines of Talifu (\"The Mineral Resources of the Province of Yunnan\"):\n\n\"It may not be considered out of place to refer here to the struggle for the carriage of the export trade of Yunnan and the adjacent provinces between the French and English railways, a struggle which is bound to come to pass, which is perhaps even now commencing.\n\n\"The present writer, having been entrusted with the mineral and geological examination of the country, considers it his duty to bring before the Burmah Government data which apply to the mines and minerals of Yunnan, leaving other subjects to those who are professionally equipped and officially authorised to deal with them.\n\n\"As to whether the mines of the Talifu district may be said to come into the sphere of operations of the French railway terminus in Yunnan-fu does not really matter. It is outside the question. The fact which forces itself upon one is that it is only a journey of twelve days or so from Hsia-Kuan or Talifu to the capital (Yunnan-fu). The distance to Bhamo in Burmah may not look very different on the map, but it is the exceedingly greater difficulties of the road in a much more mountainous country which prolong the journey to the British frontier town to over twice this time. The Chinese mine-owners themselves are fully alive to the situation, that it will be much less expensive to transport orpiment and other minerals to Yunnan-fu, and thence into the open market via the French railway, than it is to carry such things by pack-mules down to Burmah under existing conditions.\n\n\"Another interesting feature is the careful study which the French authorities have made of the mineral resources of the province, the results of which, only with ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428687, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "2\n\nfound in a field. He had a slight but not mortal bullet wound, and had apparently been strangled to death--by whom it is not known.\n\nThese two affairs, small as they were, had a somewhat disquieting effect on the French population of Hanoi. The desperate nature of the resistance offered by this handful of men and their success in holding out for so long against largely superior French forces seemed to show a considerable change in the conditions since the time of the conquest of Tonkin twenty-five years before.\n\nOn the 28th August an anti-French plot was discovered at Hanoi, and several arrests were made, five of the accused being subsequently sentenced, by administrative measure without trial, to deportation for ten years. A secret society amongst the servants of Europeans was also brought to light, among the members of which were certain individuals who had already been suspected of complicity in the plot for poisoning the garrison during the summer of 1908, but who had escaped conviction.\n\nOn the 31st August the command of the column against the Dê-Tham was withdrawn from Commandant Chofflet and given to Commandant Bonifacy. On the 5th September a band of fifteen rifles under the command of Ca-rinh, the De-Tham's principal lieutenant, was reported some 3 miles west of Phuc-Yen. On the 6th they were attacked at the village of Yen-Lo by a force despatched by Commandant Bonifacy, consisting of a company of colonial infantry, a company of tirailleurs, a detachment of the Legion, and a section of artillery. The fighting lasted all day, and the band was more than half destroyed, their losses being said to be nine killed and one prisoner. The French loss was, however, also serious, consisting of three Europeans and one tirailleur killed in action, three Europeans dead from sun-stroke, and four Europeans and five tirailleurs wounded.\n\nThe De-Tham himself was at this time in the mountainous region between the Day River and the Rivière Claire, and his intention was to cross the latter stream, and eventually to gain the Province of Thanh-Hoa in North Annam. The river was, however, effectively patrolled, and a move in this direction was prevented. At the end of September, the De-Tham's position being accurately known, the Kham Sai and the column of troops—amounting to some 3,000 men in all—left the province of Phuc-Yen and concentrated in the north of the province of Vinh-Yen.\n\nIn the meantime, on the 26th September, the band of Kiem, (who on the 2nd August, had sacked the militia post at Hoa-Binh, as recounted in my despatch above-mentioned) had attacked another post of militia at Hoa-lae in the Sontay province. The band was repulsed after having killed four militiamen and wounded seven. Kiem did not, however, act in conjunction with the Dê-Tham.\n\nOn the 5th October Commandant Bonifacy attacked the latter's force. It had strongly entrenched itself in a ravine on the south-west side of the Nui-Lang mountain. The position was an extremely difficult one to attack and the French soldiers underwent great hardships. The De-Tham is said to have had seventy rifles engaged in the affair. His actual losses as far as could be ascertained were six killed, two wounded, and one prisoner, but his morale was badly shaken as he had thought himself secure. The band broke up and escaped in the night, the members dispersing in different directions. It has never re-assembled since. A portion of the attacking force was for four hours at twenty-five yards from the enemy's fire. It is not to be wondered at therefore that the French loss was serious---eight Europeans and eleven natives killed and thirty-four wounded. The evacuating of the wounded on Vietri was extremely difficult owing to the nature of the country and the troops were absolutely exhausted, all idea of pursuing the enemy being impossible.\n\n3\n\nThe De-Tham with a few followers left the Nui-Lang mountains and recrossed the Day. Bonifacy moved his column into the Tam-Dao region. The fight at Nui-Lang had evidently had a disheartening effect on the rebels and several of them came in and made their submission. On the 24th October the Dê-Tham's principal lieutenant, Ca-rinh, with six of his followers surrendered to the Kham Sai. This was a serious loss to the rebel chief. He gradually worked his way back through the province of Thai-Nguyen to his former district in the Yen-thé of which he had been for years the virtual ruler. On the 25th November he was definitely signalled there. On the 1st December a notable capture was made in the person of his third wife. This woman is a veritable Amazon; she took a personal and active part in most of the recent engagements, carrying a rifle herself and sometimes, it is said, commanded detachments on foraging and reconnoitring expeditions. A couple of days later the leader himself was nearly caught and an individual of his party was killed, who proved to be none other than the cook who had been the principal instrument in the plot to poison the Hanoi garrison in 1908. Numerous other submissions now took place and the position improved so far that early in December the greater part of the military column (which had been formed after the kidnapping of M. Voisin in July) could be sent back to garrison duty.\n\nAt the end of December the military authorities had to turn their attention to the Yunnan frontier. About 100 Chinese soldiers, at an isolated post, mutinied, and crossed into Tonkin with arms and ammunition. It was feared that they might repeat the exploits of the \"Reformists\" from Yunnan in the summer of 1908, and prompt measures were taken to deal with them. Troops were sent to bar their advance, and they were called upon to submit. They refused to do so, and announced their intention of marching across Tonkin. On the morning of the 5th January they were attacked and put to flight, losing sixteen killed and seventeen wounded. Unfortunately, on the French side a captain was killed and four men wounded. Further reinforcements were sent up and the remnants of the band were disposed of. A good many were killed, others were driven back across the frontier, and some were captured and handed over to the Chinese authorities, who executed them.\n\nMeanwhile, operations on a small scale had for some time been in progress against the band of Kiem, the sacker of Hoa-Binh. These operations were brought to a close at the end of December, when eighty of the rebels had made their submission. There had been little or no serious fighting; the French had had one man severely wounded, and the \"pirates\" had lost eight killed and five wounded. On the 13th January the chief, Kiem himself, surrendered, the only terms given him being that his life should be spared. It is believed that he was partly led to submit by the apparently generous fashion in which Ca-rinh and the other surrendered partisans of the De-Tham were being treated. To them also the Government had only guaranteed their lives, but they had been left in provisional liberty under the surveillance of the provincial authorities. Ca-rinh himself had, indeed, been treated with many marks of distinction. Five days after Kiem's surrender, however, Ca-rinh and some sixty other surrendered rebels, who had been left in the Yen-thé district, together with the third wife of the De-Tham, were simultaneously put into close arrest, brought by special train to Hanoi, and locked up in the prison there. Kiem and his followers have been similarly dealt with. The De-Tham probably congratulates himself on not having trusted to appearances.\n\nHe is still believed to be wandering in the Yen-thé jungle with one or two faithful attendants. The Kham Sai, having failed to effect his capture, was recalled on the 1st March and his band of \"partisans\" dispersed. The remains of Commandant Bonifacy's column were also broken up, the commandant himself, however, remaining to administer the Yen-thế. The pursuit is now entrusted to the militia, who are endeavouring to bring it to an end before the beginning of the hot weather. It is possible that the Dê-Tham might again cause trouble if not disposed of before the heat renders difficult active operations on the part of white troops, but it is not likely that he would still enjoy the prestige which a year ago gave him the support of a great part of the population in the provinces of Yen-thé and Phuc-Yen. On the whole, it appears that M. Klobukowski, the Governor-General (who is now in France), is quite justified in describing the affair of the Dê-Tham as virtually at an end.\n\nI enclose a rough sketch-map showing the relative positions of the principal places mentioned in this despatch.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nT. Ff. CARLISLE.\n\n26", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 431296, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4]", "page_number": 478, "title": "CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4]", "content_text": "## Enclosure 2.\n\n465\n\nwithin less than 6 years of the inauguration of the Protectorate and in little over a year from the date of the conquest of Sokoto and Kano to make slave dealing an offence punishable for a non-native by 14 years and for a native by 7 years (plus 2 years in lieu of fine), yet for the offence of purchasing a human being aggravated by the intent to compel her at the age of 11 or 12 to become a prostitute the Hong Kong Law (`Ordinance 4 of 1897`) imposes only the absurdly inadequate penalty of two years' imprisonment. Offences of this latter class are largely committed by women, upon whom of course flogging cannot be inflicted, and I venture to suggest that in their case the probably equally deterrent penalty of a week's solitary confinement in lieu of the flogging, which they would if males have received, be substituted for corporal punishment. As the act of purchase is difficult to prove and evasion by means of so-called adoption (with a present of money) may be easy, I consider that the two cases should be discriminated and I enclose a draft law to give effect to my proposals.\n\n3.\n\nIt has been represented to me by the Second Police Magistrate that if the punishment of ordinary", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-376 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [3-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 434601, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "page_number": 16, "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "content_text": "# 6. The Chinese Law of Nationality\nThe law re-affirms the old claim of the Chinese Government that all persons born of a Chinese father who was a subject of China either before or after his death, and all persons born of a Chinese mother when the father is unknown or has no nationality are subjects of China whether born within or without the Empire. (Article 1.)\n\nArticles 3 to 10 deal with the acquisition of Chinese nationality.\n\nArticles 11, 17, 18, deal with the procedure necessary to abandon Chinese nationality; but the point which concerns Anglo-Chinese is chapter 5 (special rules for those who have abandoned Chinese nationality without sanction before the enforcement of the law.) Rules 1 and 2, prescribe the means by which nationality may be abandoned.\n\nIn so far as they admit the possibility of such a proceeding, the rules mark a great step in advance. I think that any Chinese who desires formally to renounce his Chinese nationality should be encouraged to do so; it will simplify matters enormously, and the question of double nationality will become considerably less complex. Dr. Ho Kai, C.M.G., desires to renounce his Chinese nationality, and the reply to this point in the despatch should be that the Secretary of State fully appreciates his intention, and that he and others should be encouraged to abandon Chinese nationality.\n\n## 7. As regards Sir F. H. May's request for instructions\nAs regards Sir F. H. May's request for instructions as to what action, if any, he should take in the issue of certificates to persons other than residents in the New Territories, or children of immigrant parents, I see no reason to interfere with the present arrangements; even if his view of the decision as to the New Territories were correct, these other classes of Anglo-Chinese are unaffected by it.*\n\n## 8. Inducing the Chinese Government to recognise some stage in descent\nI quite agree with him in thinking that it is very desirable to induce the Chinese Government to recognise some stage in descent at which it will withdraw its claims to regard Chinese born in Hong Kong as Chinese subjects, though in view of article 1 of the law I think it very unlikely that the Chinese Government will consent.\n\n## Minutes\nThe Law Officers advised that the natives of the new Kowloon territory were British subjects, but it was not deemed expedient to say anything to the Chinese on the subject at the time. Hitherto both natives of Kowloon and Wei-hai Wei have been deemed by us not to be British subjects when outside those territories. But I should think, if we are to approach the Chinese on this thorny subject at all, the expediency of which I am inclined to doubt, our aim ought to be to assimilate the Anglo-Chinese in Kowloon and Wei-hai Wei to those in Hong Kong, if possible. But it is a very thorny question, and I am rather vague as to the specific suggestion the Colonial Office want us to make to the Chinese Government.\n\nMr. Hurst.\n\nForeign Office, August 13 1910.\n\nMr. Langley,\n\nW. M.\n\nHave you any views as to the opportuneness politically of opening this question with the Chinese Government at the present time?\n\nL. M.\n\nThe Chinese are very obstructive just now, perhaps even more than usual, but it is rather the provincial authorities than the Central Government who are to blame. In any case, it seems to me, and the department whom I have consulted agree, that this is one of those questions where only the man on the spot can judge when he can best approach the Chinese Government, and that he ought to have absolute discretion to open the discussion with them when he considers the moment opportune.\n\nW. L.\n\nMr. Hurst.\n\nL. M.\n\nTheoretically China could claim them as her subjects, since Chinese nationality is indelible. Practically she acknowledges them as British subjects.\n\n## Further Enlightenment\nThere are two points on which I should like some further enlightenment :- \n(a) It is suggested that the natives of Kowloon stand on the same footing as the natives of Wei-hai Wei. I have always been under the impression that Wei-hai Wei was a place of which His Majesty's Government had merely taken over the administration of the territory—like Cyprus—and therefore the natives, when outside the limits of the area, were Chinese and nothing more, whereas Kowloon has been added to, and become part and parcel of the colony of Hong Kong for all purposes, so that the natives have become British subjects, whether within or without the area. Unless I am wrong as to this, I think the natives of Kowloon and the natives of Wei-hai Wei cannot be treated on the same footing.\n\n(b) In many of the papers relating to Liang Tou and in the minutes thereon it is said that natives of Kowloon residing there at the date of the cession possess a double nationality. How did double nationality arise? If Chinese nationality before the cession was due to connection with the territory ceded, why did it survive the cession? If it was due to parentage, why did the cession confer British nationality? I feel it is quite likely that there are reasons which are not present to my mind, but the subject is complicated, and I think it would be useful to have the reasons set out.\n\nC. J. B. H.\n\nThe point involved was raised and discussed in the minutes on papers `869` and `1962/10`, and especially in that by Sir E. Davidson on the latter.* It will be seen that I raised the very same point that Mr. Hurst does. There is some force, I think, in what Sir E. Satow says in the last paragraph of his despatch No. `410` of the 29th November, 1905 (`3007`). It was decided not to say anything to the Chinese Government about the national status of the natives of the new territory. That correspondence was dealt with in the Political Department, and the Treaty branch had nothing to say to it till the murder case arose.\n\nIt would be rather anomalous that the natives of the new territory should be in a better position in regard to immunity from Chinese allegiance when in China than the various categories of Anglo-Chinese of Hong Kong.\n\nNow, however, that Chinese law recognises that in certain circumstances Chinese nationality may be lost, though hitherto it has been regarded as indelible, it may be desirable to formulate some specific proposal to the Chinese Government to regulate the status of these nondescripts which is now chaotic.\n\nSince the receipt of this Colonial Office letter, Mr. Max Müller's despatch No. `240` has come in, and is put up for consideration. Sir J. Jordan is now on leave in this country. I don't know whether it would be worth while having a departmental conference with him and someone from Colonial Office.\n\nForeign Office, August 20, 1910.\n\nW. M.\n\n* According to the view of the Law Officers (and I think that technically their view is sound) the territory of Kowloon, which was ceded to Great Britain for a term of ninety-nine years, became during, and for, that term an integral portion of the British dominions. It is a peculiar and novel form of tenure; but, applying recognised principles to the new conditions, I think that while the term lasts the territory is just as fully part of the British dominions as if (for instance) it had been conquered and annexed, and we had given an undertaking to restore it to China at the end of ninety-nine years.\n\n\"It follows, in my opinion, that in contemplation of English law anybody born in Kowloon during the term of ninety-nine years—*rebus sic stantibus*, of course—is a natural-born British subject *jure soli*, though such persons may, in contemplation of the law of their parents' country of origin, have a second nationality (Chinese or other) which in that country of origin will prevail.\n\n\"Technically, also, I think that on the cession of Kowloon, and in the absence of the reservations which are reasonable and usual on such occasions, the Chinese inhabitants of Kowloon became, at any rate so long as they remained in Kowloon, British subjects. At the same time it was, I think, unusual not to have given them an opportunity of opting for British nationality or removing from the territory of Kowloon within (say) a year. To hold that the very day after the cession every Chinaman in Kowloon without any choice, or knowledge even, on his part of the antecedent circumstances became a British subject seems to me unreasonable and unusual although it may in strict law be technically arguable and defensible. This is especially so in a case of a peaceful cession by agreement as distinguished from a conquest by force of arms, although legally the technical result of either operation on the status of the inhabitants may be the same.\n\nW. E. D.\n\"Foreign Office, January 20, 1910.\"\n\n† Extract from Sir E. Satow's despatch above referred to:-\n\"Where cession takes place it is assumed that the inhabitants lose their nationality, but the modern practice is, I believe, to provide in treaties of cession that natives who wish to preserve their nationality must emigrate. In the case of the new territory, which is only leased, not ceded, it was stipulated that the inhabitants should not be expelled, and the natural inference would be, I venture to think, that they did not lose their Chinese nationality.\"\n\nPage 725", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 434610, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "page_number": 25, "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911", "content_text": "## means of flor de a than \n\n24 \n\n22 \n\nIt is obvious that if there is any desire to reconsider the whole question, the enactment of this Chinese nationality law affords an admirable opportunity for doing so, and for coming to some arrangement with the Chinese Government on the subject, so as to set matters at rest and obviate petty disputes for the future on these nationality cases.\n\nThe desirability of coming to such an arrangement is a matter of policy and not of law, and there are a great many considerations which ought to be taken into account before a decision is arrived at. I mean such questions as whether in the long run Great Britain stands to gain or to lose by a process of ignoring and ousting China's rights over her own subjects, and thereby diminishing the Chinaman's respect for his own Government. There can, I think, be no doubt but that making an agreement with China will necessitate a reduction in the extent to which we claim to protect Chinese. China would have nothing to gain by \"agreeing\" to the present practice. In fact, she has already flatly refused to countersign passports issued to Anglo-Chinese to visit the interior of China in pursuance of it.\n\nThe special rules attached to the Chinese law indicate a recognition by the Chinese authorities that some special arrangements are required to harmonise their system with the laws of foreign countries.\n\nMr. Max Müller (penultimate page of the despatch) treats rules 1 and 2 as covering the persons of double nationality with which the chief difficulties arise; this I think he is mistaken. These rules refer only to persons of Chinese nationality who have been naturalised elsewhere. The difficult cases arise in connection with persons who have acquired the second nationality by birth at Hong Kong, and it is clear from the terms of special rule 7 that China regards such persons as on a different footing from those who have by a voluntary act acquired the foreign nationality, thereby indicating a desire to transfer themselves from Chinese to foreign allegiance. None of the special rules really covers the case of the Anglo-Chinese from Hong Kong at all, but it is noteworthy that in rule 7 China impliedly recognises that a foreign nationality acquired by birth, coupled with long residence in the foreign country, does eliminate Chinese nationality, at any rate, as an active force, because the rule says that in such cases the individuals \"can still be considered as Chinese subjects if they desire to retain such nationality.\" This is an admission that without such \"opting\" for Chinese nationality they will be considered as foreigners.\n\nIf there is to be negotiation with China it seems to me that what is required is some further special rules based on the theory underlying rule 7, and designed to cover the four cases into which under the existing practice the Anglo-Chinese are divided.\n\nThese are-\n\n(a) The children born at Hong Kong of a Chinese father naturalised there. Special rules 1 and 2 China has recognised the force of foreign naturalisation, and I think she would probably recognise the British nationality of this class. It would certainly not be desirable for His Majesty's Government to agree to their being treated when in China as Chinese.\n\n(b) Children born at Hong Kong of persons who were British subjects by birth in Hong Kong. If the parents have been residents in Hong Kong as well as natives, or have resided abroad, I think China would recognise the British nationality of this class. If they have resided in China, I do not think it is either likely or reasonable that China should forego her claim to jurisdiction over them, and I think the British claim might be abandoned. In effect I think this class will require subdivision.\n\n(c) Children born at Hong Kong of Chinese parents. It is in respect of this class that I think that His Majesty's Government will have to make the greatest departure from the existing practice if they desire to have an agreement with China. I do not think that China can be expected to treat this class as subject to British jurisdiction unless the individuals have resided, and continue to reside, in Hong Kong, and do not maintain any permanent place of business on Chinese soil; but in cases where there is evidence of permanent residence in Hong Kong I do not think that it is unreasonable to expect China to recognise their British nationality, even if they do require to visit China temporarily.\n\nThe pinch will come over individuals who reside, not at Hong Kong, but in China, and have been, and are, registered at the British consulates as British subjects, and have always been treated as subject to British jurisdiction. Are these to be handed over en bloc to Chinese jurisdiction? It seems to me that all that can be hoped for is that a list of old-established individuals should be prepared in each consular district whose British nationality might be recognised by China as at exception; and that, as to the rest, they should be given a year or some definite period in which they might transfer themselves and their belongings to Hong Kong and settle there, and that if they do make a bona fide settlement there, they should be treated by China as coming under rules 1 and 2 and having abandoned Chinese nationality.\n\n(d) Children of Chinese parents resident in Hong Kong at the time of its cession. In my opinion these people are British subjects, and are not Chinese subjects at all. I have looked at the treaties under which, in 1842 and 1860, Hong Kong and part of Kowloon passed to Great Britain, and it is clear from their terms that the territory was ceded to Great Britain. The effect of cession according to the rules of international law is that the inhabitants of the territory acquire the nationality of the State to which the territory is ceded, and lose the nationality of the State making the cession (see \"Oppenheim,\" vol. i, p. 273, section 219). It is because of the operation of this rule effecting considerable hardships in particular cases that in modern treaties a provision is frequently inserted giving the inhabitants the right to opt for their previous nationality, either with or without the condition of leaving the territory (cf. the second article of the Treaty of Frankfort, 1871). No such faculty was inserted in the treaties of 1842 and 1860, and therefore the inhabitants of the ceded territory lost their Chinese nationality. Their issue born in Hong Kong are not Chinese subjects, they do not possess a double nationality at all, and are entitled to complete British protection in China.\n\nI am afraid that if I advised in 1904 that these people were of double nationality I erred. With regard to all the classes, I expect that China would claim that people of double nationality according to Chinese law, if they are to be recognised as British subjects, must be treated as foreigners and not claim the privileges of Chinese: they will have to cease to reside in the interior and live only in the treaty ports.\n\nMr. Max Müller indicates various minor modifications in the decree as desirable, e.g., that applications for recognition of change of nationality should be made through the consul and not through the local authorities. I think he is clearly right.\n\nIt seems to me that it would be very desirable, if the opportunity is to be taken to reconsider the whole situation, to send the papers to, and obtain the observations of, Sir J. Jordan.\n\nThe questions with regard to the Kowloon territories held under the lease of 1898 are dealt with in a separate minute.\n\nC. J. B. H.\n\nForeign Office, September 1, 1910.\n\nI agree that according to the rules of international law the effect of cession is that the inhabitants of the ceded territory (or at any rate those of them who were immediately before the cession subjects or citizens of the ceding State) acquire the nationality of the State to which the territory is ceded and lose the nationality of the State making the cession.\n\nBut international law cannot curtail the right of the ceding State to legislate, within its own limits, by its municipal law for persons within those limits. It is for municipal law to determine who is and who is not a subject of a particular State, and within the limits of such State municipal law is the master law.\n\nAssuming that Liang Tou in international law lost his Chinese nationality when Kowloon was ceded for a term of years to Hong Kong (Great Britain), it does not prevent China legislating municipally so that he may be regarded, as he is apparently regarded, as a Chinese subject within Chinese jurisdiction.\n\nMoreover, I doubt whether the rule of international law above quoted is necessarily applicable in the case of cession for a limited term of years—a form of cession which certainly was not contemplated as possible until quite recent years.\n\nI also think that if it had been foreseen that the result of the cession of Kowloon would have been to turn in time of peace—without notice or option to him—any Chinaman who was resident in Kowloon on the day of the cession into a British subject not only in Kowloon, but in China, some choice in the matter would, and certainly ought to have been, reserved to the person of Chinese origin. It has been certainly usual to give such an option in cases of cession of territory by conquest or arrangement (e.g., the cases of Alsace-Lorraine and of Heligoland), and I think that... \n\n*See p. 6.*", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 436225, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911", "page_number": 57, "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911", "content_text": "G\n\néxceed 4 of the cost of the garrison.\n\n56\n\nIV. MAURITIUS.\n\nSince its conquest in 1810, the Colony has always paid something towards the cost of the garrison.\n\nIn 1816 it provided the local allowances of the officers, all lands required for military purposes, barracks, and other buildings and their maintenance.\n\nIn 1829 maintenance of works and buildings was taken over by His Majesty's Government for an annual payment of £5000 by the Colony.\n\nIn 1857 this £5000 was increased to £10,000. The contribution fluctuated according to the number of troops in the Colony; but in 1862 when His Majesty's Government were spending about £180,000 a year on the troops in Mauritius, the Secretary of State directed the increase of the contribution to £45,000 (slightly under 10% of revenue) and laid down that the Colony must be held liable (when financially able) to pay for the whole cost of so much of the force as can fairly be assigned to the purposes of securing it against internal commotion and piratical attack.\n\nThe payment was made in 1865-1868.\n\nIn 1869 the troops were reduced and the introduction of a capitation fee for each soldier brought down the contribution.\n\nIn 1877 the question of the rate of exchange of the rupee was raised; the rate was fixed at 2/- which caused His Majesty's Government to lose a large amount of the nominal contribution.\n\nIn 1887 the contribution had come down to £15,321.\n\nIn", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 446290, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "page_number": 272, "title": "CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913", "content_text": "DRAFT.\n\nMo.\n\n6227/13\n\nThe MS. for Scotland Scottish office\n\nMINUTE.\n\nC. D.\n\nAlong\n\nR. 23 FEB J\n\nI am re...\n\n267\n\n1 March\n\nJet is\n\nto all the aut...\n\n28. latter (100 1030/50) 1\n\nWhittall the 20th Feby\n\n14. Robinson 25/2\n\nMr.\n\nMr.\n\nHäffen 267.\n\nSir G. Fiddes.\n\nSir H. Just.\n\nSir J. Anderson.\n\nLord Emmott.\n\nMr. Harcourt.\n\nDraft.\n\nattand broke\n\nherewith.\n\n+ Conquest\n\nYou Blay before the Secretary\n\nScotland the Enclosed\n\nwhy I a handbook in the general conditions of trading!\n\nin which he hopes will supply the information denied Miyekenson wood. 2. Lam to and that prices.\n\nhave been somewhat\n\nshier 1900 hat Mittaccont...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-407 - Public Offices & Others - 1913.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 447535, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-410 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [3-5]", "page_number": 77, "title": "CO129-410 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [3-5]", "content_text": "or any other cause. China has virtually and substantially abandoned the struggle for supremacy; it has no right to complain if a foreign State treats the independence of its former subjects as de facto established; nor can it prolong its sovereignty by a mere paper assertion of right. When, on the other hand, the contest is not absolutely or permanently decided, a recognition of the inchoate independence of the insurgents by a foreign State is a hostile act towards the Sovereign State, which the latter is entitled to resent as a breach of neutrality and friendship. The true rule is that laid down in the old distich, 'Rebellion, until it has succeeded, is Treason; when it is successful, it becomes Independence.' And thus the only real test of independence is final success. Accepting this rule that 'the real test of Independence is final success,' can it be contended with any show of authority that the rebellion ever succeeded, or that it permanently established independence? To use the language of Hell...\n\nUnited States of America v. McRae, 8 Eq., 75, was relied on. This case was decided in 1869, some five years after the close of the Civil War in the United States of America, and claimed an account of money which came to the hands of the defendant as agent of the pretended Confederate Government during the late insurrection. And it was decided inter alia that upon the suppression of a rebellion, the restored legitimate Government is entitled as of right to all moneys, goods, and treasure which were public property of the government at the time of the outbreak; such right being in no way affected by the wrongful seizure of the property by the usurping government. Now it was contended on behalf of the fugitive that the position of the province of Kwang-tang was identical or analogous with that of the Federal States during the war in its early stages, and that Chan's declaration was effective to divest possession from the government and to rest it in the rebel government. Further, that at Chan's declaration of Independence, the Provincial Government came to an end, and that with the subsequent cancellation of Independence by Yuay Shih-kai, the authority of the Central Government revived, and any rights which are consequent are in the Central Government. I am unable to see how McRae's case is an authority for these propositions.\n\nAfter referring to rights in property upon the suppression of a rebellion seized during such rebellion, Sir W. James V.C. said, 'I apprehend it to be the clear public universal law that any government which de facto succeeds to any other government, whether by revolution or restoration, conquest or reconquest, succeeds to all the public property, to everything in the nature of public property, and to all rights in respect of the public property of the displaced power, whatever may be the nature or origin of the title of such displaced power. Any such public money in any treasury, any such public property found in any warehouses, forts, or arsenals, would, on the success of the new or restored power, vest ipso facto in such power; and it would have the right to call to account any fiscal or guar agent, or any debtor or accountant to the persons who had exercised and had ceased to exercise the authority of a government, the agent, debtor, or accountant having been the agent, debtor, or accountant of such persons in their character or pretended character of a government. But this right is the right of succession, is the right of representation, is a right not paramount, but derived, I will not say under, but through, the suppressed and displaced authority, and can only be enforced in the same way, and to the same extent, and subject to the same correlative obligations and rights as if that authority had not been suppressed and displaced and was itself seeking to enforce it.' The de facto government here referred to is clearly the United States Government and not the...\n\nGovernment\n\nin\n\n76", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-410 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [3-5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 453657, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-421 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [3-4]", "page_number": 443, "title": "CO129-421 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [3-4]", "content_text": "# Article 1\nThis article, if allowed to stand as draft-ed, may be construed by the Japanese as giving them the exclusive right to act as political, financial, and military advisers to China, thus putting the Republic under Japanese tutelage and destroying her sovereign rights.\n\nSuch a situation could not be tolerated, in view of the large share of trade with China held by the other Treaty powers and the great proportion of the national debt, to say nothing of the important British interests involving large capital sums invested in China, which would be at stake.\n\n## Article II\nIf granted, similar opportunity must be given to other nationalities.\n\n## Article III\nThe same objection raised as Article I of this section applies to this Article.\n\n## Article IV\nThe terms of this article are not, it would appear, in accordance with \"the most favoured nation\" clause of our treaty with China.\n\n## Articles V and VI\nIf the Japanese Government are permitted to construct the lines mentioned in Article V, they will be able to control the great part of the Southern side of the Yangtze from the sea to Hankow, the valuable district on the shores of the Poyang lake, and thence through the whole length of Kwang-Si to Swatow. The latter section will tend to still further strengthen their hold on the province of Fukien, the absorption of which province is foreshadowed in Article VI.\n\nThe Committee, in fact, raises the same objection to this attempted capture of the trade of Central China and the practical conquest of Fukien as they have already done to the Japanese designs on Shantung, Southern Manchuria, and Eastern Inner Mongolia.\n\nWe have deemed it desirable to go into a detailed statement of our views on the proposed new Agreement as presented by the Japanese and have, as above, briefly outlined our objections to the proposed Agreement.\n\nSo far as this Colony is concerned, I would specially beg... \n\n437", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-421 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [3-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 457176, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915", "page_number": 492, "title": "CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915", "content_text": "Page 485\n\nThe Committee in fact raises the same objection to this attempted capture of the trade of Central China and the practical conquest of Fukien as they have already done to the Japanese designs on Shantung, Southern Manchuria, and Eastern Inner Mongolia.\n\nI have deemed it desirable to go into a detailed statement of our views on the proposed new Agreement as presented by the Japanese, and trust Your Excellency will consider our protest and pay due regard to our views before the Right Honourable Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour obedient servant,\n\n(ed.)\n\nE. A. Hewitt,\n\nChairman.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-426 - Public Offices - 1915.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460354, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 487, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "22\n\nWhat is the object of all this enormous military preparation? Is it for National Defence, or is it for aggression? Let the writers of Germany speak for themselves. For instance, a certain German author, whose book has run into five editions, says: \"The world owes its civilisation to Germany alone.\" In another place he adds: \"The time is near when the whole earth must inevitably be conquered by the Germans.\"\n\nThe Emperor of Germany, also speaking at Aix-la-Chapelle in June, 1892, said: \"It is to the Empire of the World that the German genius aspires.\" The aggressive spirit of Prussianism is shown in sayings such as these. According to it, Kultur is the sole possession of Germany, and Germany is justified in forcing it upon the whole world with the sword. Was ever a nation so intoxicated by its own ambitions!\n\nThere is one Prussian Military writer, who two years ago expounded Prussian policy in a manner which seemed incredible at the time, but which the course of this war has proved to be extraordinarily prophetic. His statements have been fulfilled in so remarkable a manner that they may be taken as the carefully concocted plans of Prussian policy. He makes it quite clear that the object of this prolonged military and naval preparation was to dominate Europe by annexing Belgium, mutilating France, maiming Britain and crippling Russia. Then it was to extend the military power of Prussia over the whole of Europe, seize the colonies of the conquered countries, carry Prussian rule over the Eastern world, and in short dominate the earth. Prussian militarism was considered by the Prussians to be the highest cult on earth, and Prussia's duty was to impose this Prussian Kultur on all nations at the point of the sword.\n\nAll this ambitious scheme pivots upon the throne of the Kaiser, supported by his semi-feudal kings, princes and nobility. The doctrine of the Divine Right of Kings, exploded over the rest of Western Europe, is tenaciously held by the King of Prussia, as it was by his ancestors. Europe has often been amused by the medieval claims of the Kaiser to Divine Right, and looked upon them as stage-play, but there can be little doubt that he seriously believes himself to be, if not the only, at least the most important Son of Heaven upon earth.\n\nLet us hear the Prussian General Bernhardi on Prussian Policy. It may truly be said that just as this war is the wickedest war ever waged, so is Bernhardi's book one of the most immoral books ever written.\n\nThe book was published in 1912. Its title is \"Germany and the Next War,\" from which it may be clearly inferred that he was expecting an early War, as indeed the book plainly shows.\n\nThe first chapter he styles: \"The Right to make War.\"\n\nIn this chapter he endeavours to prove that war is a necessity for the healthy development of the human race, just as in the animal world the struggle for existence produces the survival of the fittest, so among nations the strong and vigorous races must become more powerful, while the weak and backward nations must be crushed out of existence. War, in fact, is the only means \"to secure to the true elements of progress the ascendency over the spirits of corruption and decay.\"\n\nPage 23\n\n\"Strong, healthy and flourishing nations increase in numbers. From a given moment they require a continual expansion of their frontiers, they require new territory for the accommodation of their surplus population. Since almost every part of the globe is inhabited, new territory must, as a rule, be obtained at the cost of its possessors—that is to say by conquest, which thus becomes a law of necessity.\"\n\nIn such cases might gives the right to occupy or to conquer. Might is at once the supreme right, and the dispute as to what is right is decided by the arbitrament of war. \"War gives a biologically just decision, since its decision rests on the very nature of things.\"\n\nHe laughs to scorn the idea that Arbitration treaties can ever be a substitute for war and says, \"all efforts directed towards the abolition of war must be deemed not only foolish but immoral, and must be stigmatized as unworthy of the human race.\" Finally, he points out as the climax of absurdity that if arbitration were to be substituted for war \"the weak nation would have the same right to live as the powerful and vigorous nation!\"\n\nThe brutal doctrine that \"might is right\" was never before so plainly declared.\n\nThe second chapter is devoted to the thesis that it is the Duty of the State to make war. The highest moral duty of the State is to acquire power, and the State must use this power for the material benefit of the citizens. The State itself is the sole judge of what is right; it is accountable to no higher authority. Whenever, therefore, the State has the opportunity of waging war successfully, or with a reasonable probability of success, it is bound to do so.\n\nIn the third chapter, he depicts the rise of Germany to power by force of arms and by the enormous industrial and economic development since the close of the Franco-Prussian War. Nevertheless, \"in the most recent partition of the earth, that of Africa, victorious Germany came off badly. France, her defeated opponent, was able to found the second largest Colonial Empire in the world; England appropriated the most important portions; even small and neutral Belgium claimed a large and valuable share; Germany was forced to be content with some modest strips of territory.\"\n\nHe goes on to say that what Germany needs most is expansion of territory. Germany has been robbed in times past of her natural boundaries; even the much-lauded German River, the Rhine, both at its source and mouth, lies outside German territory. A large number of German fellow-countrymen have been incorporated into other states, Holland, for example, and the Baltic states of Russia. These must all be re-incorporated with Germany. But not merely must the Eastern and Western boundaries in Europe be extended, but Germany must have large colonial possessions, and if we wish to secure these, he says, \"we must not hold back in the hard struggle for the sovereignty of the world.\" \"What we now wish to attain must be fought for and won, against a superior force of hostile Interests and Powers.\"\n\n484", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 460355, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "page_number": 488, "title": "CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2]", "content_text": "Chapter Five is headed: \"World power or downfall.\"\n\nHe blames German diplomacy for not having \"created a cause of contention between Italy and France; that would have added to the security of the Triple Alliance,\" by making these two countries hate each other instead of being mutually friendly. A light is thrown on the present war, \"We must be solicitous to promote which arose over Serbia, when the Author says, Austria's position in the Balkans, and Italy's in the Mediterranean. Only thus can we calculate on finding in our Allies assistance towards realising our own political endeavours.\" In regard to France he says: \"It must be regarded as a quite unthinkable position that an agreement between France and Germany can be negotiated before the question between them has been once more decided by arms.\" Later he says: \"In one way or another we must square our account with France if we wish for a free hand in international policy. This is the first and foremost condition of a sound German policy.\" \"France must be thus completely crushed that she can never again come across our path.\" Thus does he seek to envenom his countrymen to further unprincipled attacks on France.\n\nIn another place, speaking of extending the German African possessions, he says: \"A financial or political crash in Portugal might give us the opportunity to take possession of the Portuguese Colonies in Africa. Other schemes for obtaining extensions of territory in Africa are mentioned, and he adds, \"If necessary, they must be obtained as the result of a successful European war.\" And he declares that \"the all-important point is, not to postpone that war as long as possible, but to bring it on under the most favourable conditions possible.\" This is what Germany has now tried to do.\n\nBernhardi and the German Government made terrible miscalculations in regard to Britain. Their minds, warped by Prussian Militarism, found it impossible to believe that it was on the ground of mutual friendship and goodwill that Britain and America agreed to avoid war by entering into a permanent Treaty of Arbitration. Minds poisoned by militarism could only attribute this agreement to mutual fear, not to goodwill and esteem.\n\nFurther, having covered every nation with spies, the militarist Prussians came to the conclusion that Great Britain was old and decayed and falling to pieces. They came to this conclusion through a misapprehension of the policy of England towards its colonies and dependencies. It is not the policy of England to compel the various peoples over whom she rules to accept the British system en bloc, as these people would have to swallow the Prussian system were Germany to rule them. The British policy is the reverse of the Prussian, preferring to allow the Colonies and dependencies to preserve or develop their own institutions, and to allow them a free hand in the development of their own racial ideals. Had Prussia ruled over these people she would have insisted on Prussianising them, for to Prussia there is only one universal model, namely, Prussia, which hates free institutions and national liberties. Consequently, the German Government, like Bernhardi, ignorantly calculated that, if England were attacked, all her colonies would rise against her, India and Egypt would rebel, and anarchy would result everywhere. The rigid political mind of Prussia cannot understand that, while the various peoples of the British Empire may have their own little political squabbles, any attack on Britain only drives all her people, of every clime and colour, to rise as one man in her defence. This war has given glorious evidence of this, by the magnificent way in which all India, and all the Colonies, have freely tendered their wealth and their manhood in the service of their King. It is freedom, not Prussian slavery, that these people love. No greater surprise has come to purblind Germany than the amazing unity of the British Empire.\n\nBut the greed for power of Germany, and her resolve to move the world to arms and slaughter, may be seen in the words of Bernhardi, who says: \"We have fought in the last great wars for our national union and our position among the Powers of Europe; we now must decide whether we wish to develop into and maintain a World-Empire, and procure for German spirit and German ideas that fit recognition which has been hitherto withheld from them. Have we the energy to aspire to that great goal? Are we prepared to make the sacrifices which such an effort will doubtless cost us? Or are we willing to recoil before the hostile forces, and sink step by step lower in our economic, political and national importance?\" And he closes Chapter Five by saying: \"We must rouse in our people the unanimous wish for power,\" and \"the determination to sacrifice on the altar of patriotism, not only life and property, but also private views and preferences.\" \"Alone shall we ... grow into a world power and stamp a great part of humanity with the impresa of the German spirit;\" in other words Prussianise the world, including China.\n\nIV. The German Emperor.\n\nIn the hands of the German Emperor lay the fate of Europe at the end of July, 1914. It was a grave responsibility, such a responsibility as has never yet been placed in the hands of a European monarch. What was his fitness for such a task? He has posed as the friend of Peace, but what has been his training for Peace? He has declared himself as opposed to War, but what has been his environment?\n\nHe was six years of age when Prussia conquered Denmark, eight years of age when Prussia conquered Austria, and twelve years of age when Prussia conquered France. In his youth he breathed the intoxicating air of conquest. As he grew up he was surrounded by gorgeous officers, his wardrobe was full of uniforms, in which he loved to appear in public, and the atmosphere of his court was that of military show and parade. His greatest pride, indeed, was his army, into which every year the youth of his country was drafted. Thus, not only the Kaiser, but the Crown Prince and his other sons made military parade their chief delight. In like manner the whole German nation has been brought up to look upon the Army as the greatest thing in the world, and the Head of the Army, the Kaiser, as a being unique and possessed of Divine right.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-431 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [1-2].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 462004, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]", "page_number": 637, "title": "CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6]", "content_text": "## GREAT BRITAIN\n\n## CANADA AND INDIA\n\n### THE KING AND HIS INDIAN OFFICERS\n\nHis Majesty the King, accompanied by the Queen, received on February 11th, at Buckingham Palace, a loyal address presented by twenty-six Indian officers, who were about to return invalided to India.\n\nIn his reply His Majesty the King-Emperor said:-\n\nI welcome your presence as a symbol of the unity of the Empire and as setting a seal upon the heroic efforts and sacrifices in which my Indian soldiers, yourselves among them, have borne a common part with all my Forces from Overseas and from the Mother Country.\n\nI am deeply touched by your declaration of loyalty and gratitude to myself; but not less by the generous recognition which you pay to the kindliness and brotherly feeling which you have met at the hands of all your fellow subjects, the inhabitants of these islands. They are conscious, as I am, that the loyal devotion of India to the common heritage for which we are fighting—a devotion to which we have never looked in vain—has been consecrated afresh by the blood of India's sons, shed far from their homes and in a quarrel which, whilst the might of the Empire protects India's shores, does not come near to the lives and fortunes of their kith and kin. But the liberties of the Empire were put into the scale and with them the liberties which India has enjoyed under our rule, and which, please God, she will enjoy in increasing measure as she advances in the path of social improvement and political experience.\n\nI welcome the expression of your thanks for the careful and scrupulous regard which all my officers under my directions have paid to the requirements of your religious usages. I honour the concern which you tell me you felt lest the circumstances of your life in a strange country might imperil the due observance of the rites which are sanctified for you by the dictates of your religions and the immemorial customs of your forefathers. I recall to mind the words in which my revered predecessor, the Queen-Empress Victoria, declared to her Indian subjects of whatever creed on assuming sway over their lives her will that \"none be anywise favoured, none molested or disquieted by reason of their religious faith or observances; but that all shall alike enjoy the equal and impartial protection of the law; and We do strictly charge and enjoin all those who may be in authority under Us that they abstain from all interference with the Religious Belief or Worship of any of Our Subjects, on pain of Our highest Displeasure.\"\n\nIt will ever be the cherished duty of my House and Throne to guard the sacred promise then given in the letter and in the spirit.\n\n### THE HINDU UNIVERSITY\n\nOn February 4th there took place in Benares an event of unique importance in the history of India—the laying of the foundation stone of the Hindu University by the Viceroy. This impressive function was the culmination of twelve years of effort. The scheme of an All-India Hindu University was first projected at a meeting held under the presidency of the Maharajah of Benares in 1904. In 1911 the Hindu University Society was formed for its further development. In 1912 it received the approval of the Secretary of State for India, and in 1915 the bill for the establishment of Benares Hindu University was passed into law. The main features of this University, which distinguish it from the existing Universities, are, first, that it will be a teaching and residential University; secondly, that while it will be open to all castes and creeds, it will insist upon religious instruction for Hindus; and thirdly, that it will be conducted and managed by the Hindu community and almost entirely by non-officials.\n\nThe idea of an All-India Hindu University has appealed to all classes of the Indian people, and contributions, large and small, have poured in. A long list of Maharajas and other prominent men have donated a lakh of rupees ($33,000) each to the funds. Large amounts have been collected at meetings held in different parts of India. At a recent meeting in Madras 60,000 rupees ($20,000) were collected. The Government of India also has given a grant of one lakh of rupees a year. So that the university will begin its career with a substantial financial backing. The site chosen extends over 1,200 acres, and was selected as affording especial facilities for the progressive development of a great University.\n\nLord Hardinge, in his reply to the address read by the Maharajah of Darbhanga, said:—\n\nThis foundation stone will mark a definite step in the advance towards an ideal that has stirred to its very depths the imagination of India. The demand for enlightenment and educational progress grows ever stronger, and the ceremony we are gathered here to perform offers no small response to that demand, and may perhaps pave the way for its more rapid fulfilment.\n\n### ITS HIGH AIMS\n\nHere, at any rate, in this city is a cause where we can all stand together upon a common platform, for no one can dispute that the Benares Hindu University will add to the facilities for higher education and to some extent lighten the pressure of the existing institutions, while it is the proud boast of at least one of those who have so successfully engineered this movement, that the degree of the Benares Hindu University shall be not only not lower, but higher in standard than those of the existing Universities. It has even been claimed that this University will only justify its existence when the education given within its precincts shall make it unnecessary for Indian students to go to foreign countries for their studies and when such expeditions will be limited to advanced scholars and professors, who will travel abroad to exchange ideas with the doctors and learned men of other continents in order to make the latest researches in all branches of knowledge available to them. That is a great and noble aim which I hope may be fulfilled in this University, and think all will admit that the Government have not been backward to give their co-operation and assistance to a scheme so full of promise.\n\n### REVIVAL OF ANCIENT IDEAL\n\nPerhaps I was wrong to say that these principles are new to India. Though in ancient time there was nothing quite like a modern University, its prototype may be dimly discerned in the far distant past, and the tradition that has come down to us is one of thousands of students gathered round the great teachers as Vasishtha and Gautama, and indeed the whole Indian idea of education is wrapped up in the conception of a group of pupils surrounding their Guru in loving reverence and not only imbibing the words of wisdom that fall from his lips, but also looking up to him for guidance in religion and morality and moulding their characters in accordance with his precept and example.\n\nYou hope in the not far distant future to see preserved and fostered all that is best in Hindu ideas of life and thought, all that is noblest of Hindu religion and tradition, culture and civilization, and grafted upon that tree, healthy and strong in its own natural soil, you hope to see growing in it and of it all that is good and great of Western science, industry and art so that your young men may go forth not only inspired with pure and noble ideals, but also equipped for the development of their mother country along the more material lines of progress and prosperity.\n\nOn the two days following the stone-laying ceremony, lectures were given by distinguished Indians, among others the world-famed scientists, Dr. J. C. Bose and Dr. P. C. Roy.\n\nIn the course of his address on \"Invisible Life\" Dr. Bose spoke as follows:-\n\nTo be organic and vital, our new University must stand primarily for self-expression, and for winning for India a place she has lost. Knowledge is never the exclusive possession of any particular race, nor does it recognize geographical limitations. The whole world is interdependent, and a constant stream of thought has been carried out throughout the ages, enriching the common heritage of mankind. Although science was neither of the East nor of the West, but international in its universality, certain aspects of it gained richness by reason of their place of origin. Has India then any great contribution to offer for the advance of human knowledge?\n\nIn the West there has been no check or limit to the competition for personal gain and lust for power in exploiting the application of knowledge, nor so much for staying as for causing destruction.\n\n### POWER OF DETACHMENT\n\nThis gives us a new look at the innate restraining power that governs Indian life and culture. We may call it the force of detachment, or, for want of a better phrase, the impulse of spirituality. Let us see how this common heritage rests on the Indian mind.\n\n### THE EXAMPLE OF ASOKA\n\nAs an extreme case let us see how one of the greatest of warrior kings became suddenly changed under its dominating influence even at the moment of his greatest victory. In the ninth year of his reign his arms were successful, and the extensive territories of Kalinga were incorporated with his Empire. This is what the Emperor Asoka writes on the imperishable stone as the record of his triumph: \"His Majesty feels remorse on account of the conquest of the Kalingas. Although a man should do him injury, he holds that it must be patiently borne. His Majesty desires for all security, peace of mind and joyousness, and the chiefest conquest is through righteousness.\"\n\n### MAN DEDICATED TO KNOWLEDGE\n\nSo much about the man of the world; as regards the other man who truly dedicates his life for the quest of knowledge in our country, any longing for personal gain or misuse of his knowledge would be worse than sacrilege. Poised as he is between the infinity of the past and the infinity of the future, between the universes of the worlds and the universes of atoms, can anything be worth his while, for so sorry a price can his mind be satisfied with anything less sublime than to be merged in the rhythmic sweep of the world-spirit itself! The excessive specialization in the West has led to the danger of our losing sight of the fundamental truth that there are not sciences, but a single science that includes all.\n\n### WIDER SYNTHESIS POSSIBLE TO INDIA\n\nIndia is perhaps through her habit of mind better able to realize a wider synthesis. One of the greatest contributions in the realm of science would undoubtedly be the establishment of a great generalization, not merely speculative, but based on an actual demonstration of an underlying unity, amidst bewildering diversity. Shall this great glory be for India to win?\n\n### EDUCATION IN INDORE MADE COMPULSORY\n\nFollowing the good example set by Their Highnesses the Gaekwar of Baroda and the Maharaja of Mysore, His Highness the Maharaja Holkar of Indore has made elementary education compulsory throughout his State, and thus has earned the gratitude of his people. His Highness has made adequate provision for building and maintaining additional schools for the fulfilment of his object, and as soon as these schools are ready this order will take effect.\n\n### EXPERIMENT IN BARODA\n\nAn interesting experiment in the progressive State of Baroda in the matter of providing free refreshments for school children has proved a splendid success.\n\nHis Highness the Gaekwar appointed a commission some time ago to suggest changes in the system of education in Baroda. The commission, among other things, pointed out the growing physical degeneracy of the youth, and thought that the reason was that the boys attending school at ten in the morning had to stay in school till the evening without refreshments in the interval. The system of providing free refreshments to boys was introduced in a model school and tried for the last four months, with the result that there has been a marked improvement in the condition of the boys.\n\n### WAR AND EDUCATION\n\nUnfortunately the movement to curtail educational grants is now in full swing, and it is growing apace without the slightest opposition from the people. One by one all the Local Governments have announced curtailments of expenditure. There will be no State-aided buildings for existing or new schools, there will be no grants for improving laboratories or libraries, and possibly the newly-started schools may not receive even teaching grants. The total educational grants in the country had been smaller this year than last year, and owing to the new decision for further retrenchment, there will be a further fall, so that I should not be surprised if the total State assistance for 1915-16 should be less than in 1913-14, or than what it was when Lord Hardinge announced his first large instalment of grants. This is by far the heaviest blow of the war so far as this country is concerned.\n\nThe first question for consideration is whether retrenchment is necessary. In England they have fought it, so far as education is concerned, and they have succeeded to no small extent. Why should we not follow their example?\n\n### INDIAN DRAMA\n\n#### A NEW PLAY AND A NEW MOVEMENT\n\nIn January there was performed at Calcutta by the pupils of the Bolpur Brahmacharya Ashram a new play by Sir Rabindranath Tagore, called \"The Cycle of Spring,\" which promises to be epoch-making. Concerning this dramatic venture, \"New India\" writes as follows:-\n\nIt is a notable feature of intellectual activity that no renaissance is ever limited to one phase. A political upheaval is sure to be accompanied by some revival in the Arts; a dramatic renaissance will find itself reflected in a quickened National perception. It was so in Ireland, fifteen years ago. It is in process of being so in India, to-day. There is a new India in politics, a new India in painting, and a new India is beginning to express itself on the stage. To-day at Calcutta, in a secluded ancestral square off a busy street, a number of schoolboys will enact a new play written for them by their Guru. That Guru is Rabindranath Tagore, and he himself will play one of the parts.\n\nSuch is the simple fact; but the significance of the matter is that the world-famed poet has taken over the work of the evolution of the drama, which the sword of Mars has struck from the hand of Europe. From the dull artificiality of the late Victorian cup-and-saucer drama, the stage was saved on the side of its subject-matter by Bernard Shaw. The Irish movement added a soul to Shaw's brain. India will, we believe, bring the Spirit into the drama.\n\nSuch a development of dramatic consciousness must necessarily bring about changes in method. When the drama was dealing simply with the outer world of desire, which is the circumference of the mental world, its craft was on a single plane. The adding of soul to the brain put another story to play construction. The coming of the Spirit calls for a more responsive medium of expression, a medium that will not obscure but reveal \"the more than man\" and woman that has been seeking entrance to all the Arts.\n\nWe see such an instrument in the delicate and luminous method which Sir Rabindranath has adopted, and we rejoice that it is being developed in his own native Bengali. From such a centre of vivid life a sincere art will be carried forward and will react profoundly on the entire dramatic world. The four scenes of the play are entitled Outburst, Search, Doubt, and Discovery. The final chorus is as follows:\n\nCome and rejoice!\n\nFor April is awake.\n\nFling yourselves into the flood of being bursting the bondage of the past.\n\nApril is awake.\n\nLife's shoreless sea is heaving in the sun before you;\n\nAll the losses are lost and death is drowned in its waves.\n\nPlunge into the deep without fear with the gladness of April in your blood.\n\nFor those who want to know more about India, we call attention to the following books, which, as well as copies of *Canada and India*, can be obtained from McAnish & Co., Ltd, publishers, 4 College Street, Toronto: *\"The Web of Indian Life,\"* and *\"Footfalls in Indian History,\"* by Sister Nivedita (Margaret Noble); *\"Religion of the Sikhs,\"* by Dorothy Field.\n\nJust published: *\"True Story of the Hindu Case in Canada.\"* Price 7c., postpaid. Address: Canada India Committee, 158 Bay Street, Toronto, Canada.\n\nPage 627", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-433 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [5-6].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 462738, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]", "page_number": 527, "title": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]", "content_text": "# 1900 \n## COPY \n### 522 \n\nThe statutory declaration of Heinrich Rudolph Wahlen certainly tends to show that the property had passed to the H. R. Wahlen Gesellschaft before the war, and it would probably be impossible for the Crown to rebut or upset that evidence in any proceedings in Hongkong.\n\n2. Assuming that the property did so pass, the goods do not seem to be liable to seizure as they were shipped before the war and the owners are now presumably of non-enemy character on account of the conquest by Great Britain of the territory where the owners have their trade domicile. I have not found any case which actually decides this point, but that the law is as suggested above seems probable from the following quotation from the judgment of Sir William Scott in the case of `The Herstelder`, reported in `1 C.Rob: 113`, at page 116.\n\n\"The Danckebaar Africaan was a ship that sailed before hostilities, but was not taken till after the surrender of the Cape, under a capitulation for the protection of property. In that case the ship sailed before hostilities, and if the state of Holland had been in a clear and decided character of enmity towards Great Britain, I should have held, that the party would be entitled to restitution, and to the benefit of the principle that the national character cannot be altered in transitu.\"\n\n\"But it is to be remembered that this was not the state of Holland at that time. Though we speak of the declaration of hostilities as issuing September the 15th, it must be kept in mind that the state of Holland was very ambiguous for several months. Subsequent events have retroactively determined, that the character of Holland during the whole of that doubtful state of affairs, is to be considered as hostile; and that the property of Dutch subjects seized under it, is to be treated as hostile.\" France had taken possession of Holland in January 1795 and the Stadtholder had left the country.\n\n3. I have made two assumptions in the above opinion. One is that the property passed to the H. R. Wahlen Gesellschaft before the war. On this point there seems to be no evidence...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 462739, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]", "page_number": 528, "title": "CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8]", "content_text": "## \n4. I am not in a position to discuss without further information as to the nature of the occupation by the Australian forces. The legal effect of occupation or conquest which has not yet been followed by cession is of course not free from doubt.\n\n4. I therefore do not advise the taking of any Prize Court proceedings at present in the case of this cargo, and I think that it might be allowed to proceed to its destination if the Australian Government agree.\n\n**(SD.) J. H. Kemp,** \nAttorney-General. \n20.7.16.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-434 - Governor Sir May - 1916 [7-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 468708, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "page_number": 471, "title": "CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9]", "content_text": "Enclosure 3.\n\n(B)\n\nHONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nMembers will remember that I pointed out on the last occasion that it was desirable, at least so it seemed to me, that service in the Hongkong Defence Corps should be deemed to be continuous service, as in the Volunteers or Volunteer Reserves, for the purpose of long service medals. I understand that the hon. and learned Attorney-General has differed with me on that point, inasmuch as the granting of medals is an act of Royal favour. But I would point out that it is not like the conferring of a knighthood or the conferring of decorations. There are certain regulations passed at Home with regard to the conferring of long service medals for a certain period of service in the Volunteers or auxiliary forces.\n\nTherefore, Sir, it appears to me, with all deference to the learned Attorney-General, that the proper way of dealing with this matter is for some clause to be inserted, some sub-clause inserted in Clause 10, to state that the service shall be deemed to be continuous in the way I suggest for the purpose of the long service medals. While I am dealing with the question of medals, I would like to say that I have just received a communication with reference to the counting of the service of ex-army or navy men who are serving in the Volunteers or auxiliary forces, or in the Defence Corps of this Colony, for the long service medals. I frankly admit, Sir, that this is a matter which cannot be put by way of an amendment to the present Bill, but I propose in a day or two to send this recommendation to your Excellency through the proper channel, the Colonial Secretary.\n\nWith regard to Clause 11 of the Bill, \"Duration of Ordinance,\" I would suggest that the word \"be\" be inserted after the word \"Force\" and before the word \"until,\" so that the clause shall read quite clearly and emphatically, as follows:-\" This Ordinance shall continue in force only until the expiration of a period of six months from the conclusion of the present war.\" I will now consider the question of the regulations which are attached to the Bill. Hon. members only received them this morning, and I notice that the new regulations contain somewhat stringent forms with regard to periodical training than the former regulations.\n\nWith regard to the general principle of these regulations, no doubt they would like to accomplish what the Prime Minister would call \"silver bullets,\" to be contributed to the war loans, than they would be in being employed on garrison or guard duty. I notice that your Excellency on page 55 of Hansard reports for the year, on the first reading of this Bill, on August 2nd made use of the following words: \"In the correspondence with the Secretary of State which preceded the appointment of the Commission, I recommended, after consultation with His Excellency the General Officer Commanding, under date of the 22nd January, 1917, that compulsory service for local defence should be imposed, that a wider use of the local force should be made, and that a further reduction in the regular garrison should follow to a stage at which every member of the existing Volunteer Force must be considered indispensable for the defence of the Colony.\"\n\nNow, Sir, speaking with the utmost respect, I must confess that I regard that as the wrong ideal to aim at. As is well-known, the officers of this Colony are working, most of them, with considerably reduced staffs, and I would also point out that in many of these offices, employés have been out here for many years, and the war does not appear to any of us to be likely to come to an end for some time yet. Therefore, I suggest that in the fourth year of this war it is only before the word \"until\" that the clause shall read quite clearly and emphatically.\n\nIt must be remembered that it is practically physically impossible for one and the same man to be soldiering by night and to perform his civilian duties by day. If it were possible, Sir, it would be desirable, but my point is that it is absolutely impossible, however willing anybody might be. I know these Volunteers and Reserves are quite willing, and have come forward splendidly, but they cannot perform the impossible.\n\nWith regard to musketry practice, no doubt that is the primary essential, and the only criticism I have to make on that is not made only by myself but by many members of the Reserves. Sometimes it happens that a whole number of men have been called upon to go through their musketry practice, and a great waste of time and patience has resulted. So it is no good getting a whole crowd of men to indulge in musketry practice, for it is very unsatisfactory for them to have to wait for hours in the afternoon, waiting for their turn to come on at the ranges.\n\nHON. MR. E. C. ANTON- I should like to say a few words in support of the second reading of the Bill. At a meeting of this Council some months ago His Excellency the General Officer Commanding made a remark to the effect that the object of war is to ensure peace. But I think there is a apter saying that to ensure peace we must be prepared for war. Great Britain has gone through a painful and terrible experience owing to her military unpreparedness and the nation must see to it that in future we are not found napping as we have been in the past.\n\nI saw stated in a letter to one of the newspapers here that the Bill, if passed, will impose upon the community of Hongkong a militarism akin to German militarism. (The Governor.-Hear, hear.) I do not think it will do anything of the kind. German militarism is an aggressive militarism, and it has been fostered entirely for the purpose of conquest, whereas the object of our military training is to ensure peace and to defend our Colony.\n\nWith regard to the question of drill, I must confess that I am not satisfied that so many drills are necessary. That seems to be the view at all events in the Colony of Ceylon, for in that happy island if a man puts in 45 drills in the course of a year he receives a special badge as a kind of order of merit, and I see that under this Bill it is proposed to make 50 drills compulsory.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-443 - Governor Sir May - 1917 [7-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 469749, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "page_number": 623, "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917", "content_text": "42\n\nThe prospects for the extension of British influence and trade in Siam, after the war, appear to present great promise. So far from foreign trade being discouraged, as has been the case in many Eastern countries, it is welcomed in Siam by both Government and people. The attitude of the Siamese Government was clearly outlined in a speech delivered by the late King in 1907, at a banquet given to the leaders of the foreign mercantile community in Bangkok. His Majesty said :—\n\n\"The pioneers of Siamese commerce have in truth been the merchants of foreign countries, owing to intercourse with whom, as we see to our great satisfaction, the spirit of commerce is now at last awakening in our own people. It is highly beneficial to the commerce of our country that the merchants of all nations should meet and trade here, alike to their own advantage and to that of our State. We fully appreciate the great advance of the commerce of Siam, and, knowing that there is no more important factor in promoting the material progress and welfare of a country than successful commerce, we have always had deeply at heart the encouragement of trade within our dominions.\"\n\nSECTION 4. The Philippine Islands.\n\nSources of Information. The information contained in this section has been obtained at personal interviews with the London and Glasgow partners of the leading British firms trading in the Islands. A memorandum has been received from the agent at Manila of the Hong Kong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, and the detailed statistics published by the United States War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs, Washington, have been freely drawn upon. H.M. Consular Reports for Manila have also been quoted in respect of details of Imports and Exports.\n\nGeneral Information.--The Philippine Islands, with an area of 717,942 square miles, and an estimated population of eight million people, form one of the richest and most fertile areas in the tropical world. Much of the land is covered by forests of great value, and nature is so bountiful that almost all tropical products grow to profusion. Among the products for which the islands are renowned is the fibrous plant, abaca, from which Manila hemp is made, a product used throughout the world in the form of rope and twine. Fine sugar, rice, coffee, cacao, and tobacco are grown, and although the implements and machines used in farming are of the simplest character, nature is so lavish that, up to the present, they have proved sufficient.\n\nThe islands have had a somewhat chequered history. Their population consists in the main of Malays, but for centuries their relations with China had been very close, and for such progress as they made during the first fifteen centuries of the Christian Era they are indebted to the Chinese, who settled in the Islands and freely married with the natives. The Philippines were discovered by Magellan in 1521, and for the next 377 years remained under Spanish rule until the Spanish-American War brought about their conquest by the United States. The Islands have been under American control since August 1898.\n\nThe foreign trade of the colony was conducted under Spanish rule by old-established British and Spanish merchants with offices in Manila, and the British houses still conduct the greater portion of the export trade, although the development of foreign commerce since 1898 has brought about a large influx of American and German merchants, and has caused intensified competition in imported articles.\n\nThe capital of the islands and the great centre for foreign residence and trade is Manila, in the island of Luzon, but most of the large trading concerns have branches at Iloilo, in the island of Panay, for the shipment of sugar, and at Cebu, on the island of the same name, for the shipment of hemp drawn from the southern islands.\n\nExtent of Foreign Trade. The total foreign trade of the Philippines during the last three complete pre-war years was valued as follows:-\n\n \n \n Imports\n Exports\n Total\n \n \n 1911.\n £10,005,092\n £9,289,020\n £19,294,112\n \n \n 1912.\n £12,847,479\n £11,413,487\n £21,260,966\n \n \n 1913.\n £11,106,830\n £9,952,699\n £21,059,529\n \n\n43\n\nThe total trade has expanded very considerably under the American policy of development, but since the passing of the Payne-Aldrich tariff of 1909, which established free imports from the United States, and placed heavy duties upon goods from other countries, the share of United States manufacturers in the import trade has increased rapidly, until in 1913 they contributed more than 50 per cent. of the imports into the colony.\n\nThe total growth of the trade over a period of years, and the relative positions of the United Kingdom and her three principal competitors, the United States, Germany, and Japan, will be seen from the subjoined table, compiled from the United States Government statistics, and giving the annual average import and export figures during four quinquennial periods:-\n\n \n Years.\n Total\n United Kingdom.\n United States.\n Germany.\n Japan.\n \n \n Imports.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Calendar Years, 1890-1894.\n 4,772,108\n 483,164\n 639,895\n 75,390\n \n \n \n Fiscal Years, 1899-1903\n 4,768,998\n 1,710,388\n 2,728,668\n 561,659\n \n \n \n 1904-1908\n 5,353,572\n 1,609,967\n 4,992,600\n 920,189\n \n \n \n 1909-1913\n 5,703,758\n 2,240,706\n 16,188,394\n 2,429,727\n \n \n \n Exports.\n \n \n \n \n \n \n \n Calendar Years, 1890-1894\n 7,114,419\n 3,436,784\n 219,493\n 16,063\n \n \n \n Fiscal Years, 1899–1903\n 7,340,260\n 6,237,975\n 122,700\n 417,287\n \n \n \n 1904-1908\n 8,706,815\n 12,150,529\n 1,034,010\n 650,824\n 1,112,888\n \n \n 1909-1913\n 7,165,387\n 17,403,144\n 1,209,668\n 1,209,668\n \n \n\nThe striking features of these figures are:-\n\n(1) The rapid progress made by United States trade since the annexation in 1898, and more particularly since the passing of the Import Tariff Act of 1909.\n\n(2) The slow actual growth of the trade with the United Kingdom, and the relative decline from a commanding position under the Spanish régime to a secondary position at the present time. This is almost entirely due to the imposition of the tariff.\n\n(3) The growth of the trade with Germany and Japan, particularly during the last quinquennium, due to the extension of the interests of those countries at Manila and elsewhere, and the establishment of German and Japanese traders in the islands.\n\nAlthough in the face of the heavy tariff, imports of British manufactured goods are not likely to increase, and the position of the United Kingdom in the trade of the Philippines is likely to still further decline after the war, the significant fact remains that local British merchants still control the bulk of foreign trade of the islands, and British exchange banks have a large share in financing it. The export trade in hemp and sugar is almost entirely controlled by the three leading British houses, and this position has been maintained despite the entry of American competitors in the field. In the import trade there is much more competition, but the British houses who specialise in this branch are holding their own. Naturally, in the face of the Customs Tariff, they are obliged to turn their attention more and more to the distribution of American goods.\n\n618", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 482700, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919", "page_number": 122, "title": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919", "content_text": "120\n\nparallel lines with the provisions of the Colonial Laws Validity Act relating to laws made for Colonies either by the local Legislature or by Order in Council.\n\n(4) Assuming then that Magna Carta is an Act of Parliament within the meaning of the Colonial Laws Validity Act it is contended that the \"nullus liber homo\" clause does not extend to Hong Kong either by express words or by necessary intendment. The phraseology all has reference to England and English institutions, e.g. dissaisiatur, utlagetur exuletur, legem terrae; and the Realm temp. John included no Colonial possessions beyond the Seas.\n\n(5) The case of the Habeas Corpus Acts is more difficult, since the Act of 1862 provides that no writ of Habeas Corpus shall issue out of England by authority of any Judge or Court of Justice therein, into any Colony or foreign Dominion of the Crown, where His Majesty has a lawfully established Court or Courts of Justice having authority to grant and issue the writ and to ensure the due execution thereof throughout such Colony or Dominion.\n\nIt may perhaps be argued from this fact that the Habeas Corpus Act, 1679, and subsequent Acts \"extend\" to the Colonies, but they do not do so by express words and the question is whether in view of the Act of 1862 it they can be said to do so by necessary intendment. It is submitted that the Act of 1862 does no more than to provide that no writ of Habeas Corpus shall issue out of England where the writ has legal existence in a Colony and can be issued and executed there. This construction involves the argument that the Habeas Corpus Acts are substantially machinery for giving better effect to the common law remedy of Habeas Corpus and that the Act of 1862 extends only to Colonies where the ancient common law writ of Habeas Corpus exists.\n\n(6) It then becomes necessary to consider the position of Hong Kong as regards the common law of England. The English common law runs proprio vigore in all settled Colonies but not in Colonies acquired by conquest or cession. In many conquered Colonies however the English common law has been introduced either directly by the Crown in virtue of its right as the conqueror - this was done by Royal Proclamation - or after a local Legislature had been established by the Crown, e.g. then by enactment passed by that Legislature - the case of Trinidad, In some conquered Colonies the English common law was not introduced at all and the old local common law was preserved, either because this was provided for in the terms of the capitulation or else on grounds of public policy e.g. the Roman Dutch Law Colonies such as British Guiana, the Cape and Ceylon.\n\nCeded Colonies (of which Hong Kong is an example) are in the same position in this respect as conquered Colonies, and by local Ordinances (the first of which dates back to 1845) the Hong Kong Legislature has introduced into Hong Kong the law of England as it existed on the 5th of April 1843, provision now in force will be found in section 5 of the Supreme Court Ordinance, 1873, as printed in the United Kingdom Revised Laws of 1913.\n\n(7) Accordingly whilst admitting that the common law...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 484493, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-462 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [7-10]", "page_number": 355, "title": "CO129-462 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [7-10]", "content_text": "M. Colle midle\n\nDr. Lindsay Woods is an M.B., B.Ch., Cambridge and D.P.H. It is very unlikely that we should be able to get anything better for the post from the Colonial Service.\n\nAs profound.\n\nAr\n\nALL\n\n17.9\n\n7/7/\n\n3.4.17.7.20\n\nat one\n\n1.\n\n*. \n\nparallel of yours TF. SOLF 10BQJ0BT OLLICOL OF 198TFP®\n\nronja po y 20 LEGUɣne My BRLȚ Lebr】 po 17°\n\nCOTASK CQTQULII IAL IT baza, menen\n\n2LOBB?\n\n343\n\nTel. Audrase.\n\nW, AS, LAN,\n\nCIRCUIT.\n\n'SIGNALLY, AVE,'' LONDON Tales none:-3632 LONDON WALL (4 Lines),\n\nTELEGRAM\n\nISSUED FROM CHIEF CABLE STATION, ELECTRA HOUSE, FINSBURY PAVEMENT.\n\nwk's Name.\n\nREPLIES SHOULD BE ORDERED\n\nVia Eastern\n\nDoubtful words should be OFFICIALLY repeated. See Rule Book.\n\nORIGINAL\n\nThaaman Form 51\n\nTIME IN LETTERS\n\nOF\n\nQuier Cirate)\n\nTHE\n\n45640\n\nGOVERNMENT\n\nNo inquiry respecting this Telegram can be attended to without production of this Copy.\n\nBee bark,\n\nfor list of Company's Home in London and Telephone Numbers\n\nM\n\nELECTRA\n\nSEP 18\n\nCENTRAL\n\nHOUSE\n\n4.45 p.m.\n\nFollowing particulars\n\nCicak boV\n\nand\n\nXU A\n\n104\n\nM\n\nHONGKONG\n\n7\n\n13\n\nRW\n\nBG\n\n=\n\nCHAPEL RIES\n\nLN\n\n• relative an\n\nvel.85\n\nOn the star\n\ncone was in us\n\nREM PRIMITAS\n\nConquest 4th\n\nAPTOBILEM\n\nThe first line of this Telegram contains\n\nIn the order HR\n\nNumber of Message, Office of Origin, Number of Words, Date, Time handed in, Instruction.\n\nofer\n\nmedice Artices of Leath\n\nPORT\n\nMELOC ADI\n\n# STUBBS", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-462 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1920 [7-10].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 487731, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "page_number": 84, "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]", "content_text": "## \n| ha | Puitials Sex | Cigo kin, bonjandi | Correal glandy |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 145 | C | S | A |\n\n## \n| | | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Right Lung | Brondejonmove all deba | Cumpran than fatis any meatafucced fee blog Hansen #13, fær mammu. |\n| | Interimdong Tommolar pressemeroma med lobes Äuma as right” het dina vode k bythmy | \n\n## \n| | \n| --- | --- |\n| Mediastinal glands | Rel |\n| Hecrutini glands | |\n\n## \n| Consorti forma | Manglayı conatid glaud ar Lulua o afari favouring |\n| --- | --- |\n| (ladę walnut)ta ng matang mit Cdbanimes perform | |\n\nPilna hot implem might a collar mund te finale; patio tum r Evalangal reassen vigtí ́andi, kuna ma Carsac at larm akarod ne zamanda Healary jou MA Jiken Bros. Kau dua, min/kmar Manité- Urinary forms of carcalin Isamaj tralarged sometaining zamemo fiti, vart mådevent. Hitchinny few From Awar 83 Intra-camurial Remarks Pray f JA\n\n## \n| | \n| --- | --- |\n| becisam egynyard or ran along deploran jamuru afpore at | کیا کہ کمی |\n| Esclangal | remove lost wide |\n| | Added all with Salonged renome, appar fare quite for In a large Wilenny thi ALondon face | Lagwer br. Hanale majka pre right mode sukemalling Prank coffer post natal. |\n\n## \n| 119 C | /10 S.W | \n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Janvas (clapry) + 4. meclions of mater | Miliang 1.2. | Janisteras right side |\n| | ufuscodman bu pr”, turky vlcerative | On right, but amati tarvita MA. |\n| Cascated atright\" hitun Alterar upp pralythng | Slight congestion, no devisions leeberandore, | |\n| Kiley kidonda aggregat de Miliony aggregated at brace, thema viothe num & antral Inusipir | Castle gioueballar Lumes, plus Juumikit nga ba | \n\n## \nTuberculous Aronske presume mun, no fores forendif retus hulser girard \"I afmat Very gruvalind, original jurial oculiq derbijut Long from appland vidiet. Длин m acuti; fematical abuz y gland machinamp\n\n## \n| 119 | 110 | 12/ A | + | 4 | 121 | 5.7.7 | M 44 | T |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Gray interte Koughout | Laura lagja a dangu kan man view, in apparat me cibilian million man hajat, fol in Enlarged + santner at Tolan bat eskia, u tranlas. | | | | | | | |\n\nUnder the of the Lady Kam curtiințalantului; randy mama na kja fillariter kalimu Pantone armall for Talaga og farajan, bubapical ecen: fourth comune Adlines all the time ou veghe a little surku verages, hores sulauged at all. the same skerpart. Avg Technatas Kinglow were funny Lily Chat zal judet palmal kem Turistany a quay monftre The Aurte Fontati dall\n\n## \n| Opfaculty emisioned in decupo escape por lens indrets dathy Houlding from, doneď telourou, 12.1 | Through drafinu. |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| | hare, extus lungs suck und wohani red dvou comminug glands, bonustan ni | ILL |\n| vajaation, for molekuulama ve telimme a piedistal emptorita amandemba, what dosage mandy álmaolináj Chanted encali grup lukweli, without many attivato me | - Linga porrbnata, puissandy them with \"healing Intiimal condition maradumayeed a 16 gourmet diny bears agová adichi nokits dimrük politike, but no rushin pacat cloud | 123 |\n\nAsianty lindoriautoan, mens in defor (28 CF # ↓ Acacia Impala paremman kaka 114 buk M T markcom'ka nekliu manqua trausta lammu Kims can infatil stalnoise zinathi, Cavikálna (ladina le beau ofin! 1,2, Adlonis gently time Lighthou hay shasson any swollrey. the gland right side ventaged occupied, no sign Wodine dofita L. I thank M | 40 Huling pay Conglour Humilusti ngis su Carlyllus fick i adhuruti |2.0, alrevolim ina manly otáque strudia na Home Iron & call speed ho glands enlarged โ FLO J + J forty' alter Cockapital quay Victorok | Carly([d! dubapical, bribu\"red\" Adam bol spice murphy of Grey Future .. Camera Prader-brmedial glande na night, no a left\" With Faith stagest mmad causen-free- ΣΕ 127 M M A 112 H 712- 129 C 130 4.Y.N # 4\n\n## \n| Par fi me\" kadang menatang yg vanade ge my 12.50, format panas. 19. 16, | Frase \"pa), plating moved ib. Mal in trust, | Het is 18. Kong Krajk van de kl |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | Picktory finu ve 6, mert ma la paremmit Count (antina) 14, maar dis al by quaq Kabuki Vison; untilator vos cavity Enlarged a conquest, right Lalam, muna, na lift mili | | |\n\ntushin nga ba tay go for ipsa e lavandas, Kids of pay some d ! le ghovalý mu je jaal 5 5 M | Miliary, ferret, femme, woue in huncheong a pay, gray Kimayilmatig ( 2. sau af sancating printi Cartoon lost wide 152 55 7 'Cauitq, uchron! esabafocal de po\" marija; Cardiffwall,ku, banjut not gisting Oddernes altame segíti duet | Ending an cuisms in right, non fange het'nasa | Briting olur – Upper amin corean (added hitra tasks, mharaben, ujþar þastiqué u carly melamatóru in ML. 1335.5 60 baldai vetőm, ki nouaké narok'in pill Kong), What more text. Kad van 19 To demo Buscade tavid és teljes port til. | Alki polijt, mecdetur og beti. | canons on Aight\" Lage medly tanult maga a ulocation adlerims allow i divider lagen The übernatone slants found Tubaden scedired war vetessing, jou oë hase, vabler 125\" Jew ruching on caufasada que tan Aivars m Prancha portat 220 Hot O Kayle, barng generally officent, enforce found 127 ko. age, var planıdı 919, asas usual la Consign 220 124 130 Two milioni me avaluse Few malay In alcony, sumug at han « alsaq debesis, jauna, for a min kumdhangat bat Pulminary approved of rider standing. Pagishing enunties of moly for lothe - ― Plolun bot abuse of aloud wwthancu +", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 489738, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "page_number": 229, "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921", "content_text": "# HINTS ON BRITISH INTERESTS IN CHINA.\n\n228\n\nOne of the two Presidents of China recently stated that a renewal of the Anglo-Japanese alliance meant a partition of China. Japan would take the north and Great Britain the south. Probably the remark was not meant to be taken literally in the sense of formal conquest or annexation, but rather symbolically with reference to the tendency of policies and events. This statement will appear exaggerated or wild to persons outside of China who either believe that the Open Door policy is now irrevocably established or that Japan is the only foreign Power which China has to fear.\n\nBut a recent visit to the south revealed that, in that section, especially in Canton, the British occupy much the same position of suspicion and dread which is held by the Japanese in the north.\n\nUpon the negative side, the Japanese menace is negligible in the province of Kwantung in which Canton is situated. There are said to be more Americans in Canton than Japanese, and the American colony is not extensive. Upon the positive side, the history of the Cassell coal mines contract is instructive. It illustrates the cause of the popular attitude toward the British, and quite possibly explains the bitterness in the remark quoted.\n\nThe contract is noteworthy from whatever standpoint it is viewed, whether that of time, of the conditions it contains or of the circumstances which accompany it. Promising that the contract delivers to a British company a monopoly of the rich coal deposits of the province for a period of ninety years and - quite incidentally, of course - the right to use all means of transportation, water or rail, wharves and ports now in existence, and also to \"construct, manage, superintend and work other roads, railways, waterways as may be deemed advisable\" - which reads like a monopoly of all further transportation facilities,", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 492298, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "page_number": 228, "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]", "content_text": "September 3rd, 1921.]\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\nJAPANESE \"AGGRESSION\" IN CHINA.\n\n(Daily Press, August 27th, 1921.) In an article headed: \"Wanted a Far Eastern Concert,\" the Nation and Athenaeum observes: It is childlike on our part to say that we do not undertake in advance to support Japan with arms against America. What America wants to know is whether we mean to go on giving diplomatic support to Japanese aggressions in China. For as long as we cover them with our moral support, they will go on. They will stop the day that we join America in opposing them round the table of the Concert.\"\n\nWhat is the evidence that Great Britain has given diplomatic and moral support to Japanese aggression? No particular act of aggression on Japan's part is ever stated unless it be her occupation of Tsingtao, which she holds for the present on certain defined conditions by a right of conquest acknowledged by the Versailles Treaty and previously by a Treaty entered into with China. We should like to learn precisely what grounds exist for the allegation that Great Britain has been giving diplomatic or moral support to Japanese aggressions in China, and in what respect the attitude of America has hitherto differed from that of Great Britain.\n\nNo Foreign Power has a greater interest than Great Britain in seeing that the integrity of China and the principle of equal opportunity for the trade and commerce of all nations in China—to which every nation interested in China, the Japanese nation included, is definitely pledged—maintained and observed. It is America's interest as much as it is Great Britain's. Quite recently, indeed, Mr. HUGHES, the American Secretary of State, in a letter to the Chinese Ambassador at Washington wrote:-\n\n\"Your reference to the principle of the open door affords me the opportunity to assure you of this Government's continuance of its whole-hearted support of that principle which it has traditionally regarded as fundamental both to the interests of China itself and to the common interests of all the Powers in China and as indispensable to the free and peaceful development of the commerce of the Pacific ocean. The Government of the United States has never associated itself with any arrangement which sought to establish any special rights or privileges in China which would abridge the rights of subjects or citizens of other friendly States; and I am happy to assure you that it is the purpose of this Government neither to participate nor to acquiesce in any arrangement which might purport to establish in favour of foreign interests any superiority of rights in respect to commercial economic development in designated regions of the territories of China, or which might seek to create any such monopoly or preference as would exclude other nations also from undertaking any legitimate trade or industry, or from participating with the Chinese Government in any category of public enterprise.\"\n\nThe Chinese Government undertook to recognise whatever Germany agreed to in the Treaty of Peace regarding the disposition of her rights and interests in China; Japan has offered to return Kiaochow to China. China, however, repudiating the Treaty of 1915 as having been extorted from her under diplomatic circumstances of force majeure, refuses to treat with Japan on the subject. How the Conference may be expected to adjust this difficulty we cannot imagine.\n\nIt would be easier to solve if so many enterprising Japanese had not, during the Japanese occupation of the territory, seized the opportunity to buy up every hold of commercial value they could get, so that, whatever becomes of Kiaochow under any diplomatic agreement, it will remain to all intents and purposes a Japanese port.\n\nUnder the Treaty of 1915 which China is trying to repudiate, the Chinese Government engaged to open of their own accord, as early as possible, suitable cities and towns in the Province of Kwangtung for the residence and trade of foreigners. The very propinquity of the territory to Japan, and the large number of Japanese settlers already in the Province clearly point to such trade and residence becoming virtually a Japanese monopoly. There is nothing in the agreement to exclude other foreigners, but it is improbable that Japan had any altruistic purpose in view in making these demands, for it was a foregone conclusion that the foreigners who would go to the cities and towns in the interior to be opened to foreign trade and residence would be preponderatingly Japanese, even to a greater extent than the foreign population of the port of Kiaochow.\n\nSuch considerations must have been in the mind of Mr. LANSING with whom Baron ISHII in 1917 exchanged the famous diplomatic Notes which recognised that Japan has \"special interests in China, particularly in the parts to which her possessions are contiguous.\" It was carefully explained, however, that notwithstanding this recognition of \"special interests\" the territorial sovereignty of China remained unimpaired, and the Government of the United States had every confidence in the repeated assurances of the Imperial Japanese Government that while geographic position gives Japan such special interests they have no desire to discriminate against the trade of other nations or to disregard the commercial rights hitherto granted by China to other Powers.\n\n215\n\nJAPAN IN CHINA AND SIBERIA.\n\n(Daily Press, August 29th, 1921). A very interesting diplomatic Note which Japan has recently communicated to the Government of the United States on the subject of the Pacific Conference will be found in another part of to-day's issue. Japan is facing the Conference with a divided air. On the one side she is willing enough to join in a conference with the other Powers, if only to show her equality with them; but on the other she fears lest questions should be raised at the Conference which she will find it awkward or impossible to discuss.\n\nIt is for the latter reason that there have been so many manœuvres on her part to discover what the Conference is to be about—more particularly that part of it which is to deal with Pacific problems. Are the questions which were decided at the Peace Conference at Versailles to be again raised? Japan regards as faits accomplis—things done and finished with beyond control. America, however, as she has not signed the Peace Treaty, by no means regards such questions as settled.\n\nThe difficulty is that America is calling the Conference and is arranging the programme. Various suggestions have been made as to the settlement of all outstanding questions before the Conference meets, and there have been numerous messages flying around, propaganda stating practically that the Yap problem was settled, that China was now willing to negotiate on the Shantung question, and that the evacuation of Siberia was now on the point of consummation.\n\nBut the Yap negotiations continue to drag on, America disputing the whole question of the mandates and refusing to be pacified with possession of the cable. As for the Shantung question, China refuses to listen to the voice of the charmer, the fact being that the Peking Government, especially in view of the civil commotions, would not last long if it attempted to open any negotiations.\n\nOn the other hand, there is every evidence that China is preparing most assiduously to bring before the Conference not only this case, but also all other cases where infringements on her sovereignty have been made by foreign Powers. China, it has been pointed out, has not been invited to attend the Conference: only to send representatives to it. This is a somewhat subtle distinction which may mean that China is to have no voice in its decisions.\n\nIf this be the case, China will remain the outcast among nations. It is probable, however, that no such exclusion is intended, but that the difference in wording \"cleared Japan had of the diplomatic atmosphere of the suspicions which had been so carefully spread by German propaganda.\" We are inclined to think, however, that suspicions of Japanese aggression will endure so long as the number of Japanese settlers in China—the Northern part of China especially—so overwhelmingly predominate over all other foreigners, and so long as there is the same preponderance of Japanese capital for investment there.\n\nThis is but reiterating pledges which are twenty years old, adopted and endorsed in diplomatic agreements by every Power interested in the commerce or economics of China. In this communication America is evidently talking at Japan. Unquestionably while making a show of acting up to the letter of the agreement Japan has pursued a policy in Shantung which defeats the spirit of the pledge.\n\nThen there is the Siberian question. The repeated assertions that the civil authorities in Japan have put their foot down and are determined on evacuation, however much the military authorities may object, has been made too often to allow of other than cynical suggestions as to the exact nature of the co-ordination of the firm of SPENLOW and JORKINS.\n\nThis shifting of responsibility is not too old a trick to prevent its effective use, and the military party can always point to the disturbed state of the country and the absence of any stable Government to carry on negotiations with, while itself doing its best to see that no stable Government has a chance of coming into existence. Japan, of course, will only retire from Siberia after negotiations;", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 493296, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922", "page_number": 204, "title": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922", "content_text": "CHINESE CITIES IN RUINS.\n\nTHE TIMES, FRIDAY, JUNE 9, 1922.\n\nHAVOC OF CIVIL WAR. (FROM OUR CORRESPONDENT.)\n\nSHANGHAI, JUNE 7. Descriptions published by the North; China Daily News from its correspondents in Kwangsi of the desolation wrought by the fighting between the Canton and Kwangsi troops read like the sack of Louvain.\n\nThe trouble dates from the attempt a year ago by Lu Yung-ting, the former Governor-General of Kwangtung before the Sun Yat-sen régime, to re-establish himself in Canton. He was defeated and driven back by the Cantonese forces, which then invaded the Province and broke up such government as Kwangsi possessed, but put nothing in its place, even when Sun Yat-sen himself established the headquarters of his projected expedition against the North at Kweilin. This position Sun Yat-sen evacuated two months ago, returning to Canton, and Kwangsi was left to the mercy of bands of irregular Kwangsi forces and leaderless Cantonese troops.\n\nThe latter have now been driven back into Kwangtung. Their departure was signalized by burning, looting, and the carrying off of women in every city they passed through. From Wuchow alone they exacted nearly two hundred thousand dollars [£25,000] journey money. It is only fair to say that the Kwangsi troops in pursuing the Kwangtung forces appear no less merciless towards their fellow-provincials. Their efforts are nobly seconded by hosts of brigands, who spring up in every provincial war.\n\nThe Province is now reported to be cleared of Kwangtung troops, and the Kwangsi leaders are endeavouring to restore some semblance of government. But the Province is exhausted. Cities once populous and wealthy are ruined, and trade is at a standstill, while the country is flooded with worthless Canton paper money. The whole story is a bitter comment on Sun Yat-sen's boast of an All-South China united under Canton against the North.\n\nWuchow, a treaty port on the left bank of the West River, 220 miles from Canton, is the gateway leading from Kwangsi to Kwangtung, and is the distributing centre of trade between Kweichow, Yunnan, Kwangsi, and Canton. Kweilin, where Sun Yat-sen had established his headquarters, is 262 miles north of Wuchow.\n\nLu Yung-ting, a native of Kwangsi, born in 1856, was at one time a leader of bandits, but was reclaimed and led an expedition against the Kwangsi bandits.\n\nPage 204\n\nSUN YAT-SEN'S FAILURE. (BY DAVID FRASER, \"THE TIMES CORRESPONDENT IN THE FAR EAST.) Our Shanghai Correspondent's message this morning, added to the information from Hong-kong which we have published during the past few days, are at once instructive of what civil war means in China and of the qualifications of Sun Yat-sen to be a ruler over his fellow-countrymen.\n\nSun, as the first President of the Republic, comported himself with modesty, and readily retired to admit of a political settlement, which placed another occupant, Yuan Shih-kai, in the principal office of State. Thereafter, however, he showed an extraordinary lack of practical statesmanship, and the unhappy situation in Kwangsi province, in our message from Shanghai, certainly indicates that Sun Yat-sen, whatever his private character may be, is a political danger to his country.\n\nAfter the military conquest of Kwangsi he endeavoured to set up a new Government in that province and to use it as a base for further operations directed against Wu Pei-fu. Being blocked by the Military Governor of Hunan, allegedly because of the non-payment of money promised, he retired from Kwangsi and is now supposed to be endeavouring to prosecute his plans by marching northward through the adjacent province of Kiangsi.\n\nBut in retreating from Kwangsi his soldiers spread desolation on their way, ravishing the people after the manner of the Huns. The forces that he had previously driven into the mountains rose behind him, and they, in their turn, continued the work of devastation. And wherever the two armies left any evil undone the brigands in swarms stepped in and completed the abominable work. Well may our Correspondent say the province is \"exhausted,\" for wealthy and populous cities are ruined, trade has ceased, and the unfortunate people are loaded up with worthless paper money.\n\nIt is impossible to believe that there can be any reality in Sun Yat-sen's invasion of the North. News of successful advances continually arrive from Canton, but other accounts declare that Sun Yat-sen's army has been routed and driven back into Kwangtung, while he himself has gone as a supplicant to Chen Chiung-ming, whom he recently dismissed, to beg that officer to return and let bygones be bygones.\n\nMeanwhile Wu Pei-fu thinks so little of Chang Tso-lin that he is leaving his final ejection from Chibli to junior officers. Nor does he attach any importance to Sun Yat-sen's futile opposition. It is satisfactory to know that Wu Pei-fu is devoting himself to fundamental questions, and that he is in agreement with Li Yuan-hung, whose return as President is desired apparently by the whole country, in regard to essential reforms.\n\nLI'S CONDITIONS. PEKING, June 7—Li Yuan-hung, in a circular telegram to the provinces, states that he will resume the Presidency if the Military Governors and Military Regional Commandants are abolished, superfluous troops disbanded, and the military leaders agree to meet him in Peking in order to discuss methods for bringing these measures about.\n\nGeneral Wu Pei-fu is leaving military operations in the hands of capable subordinates, and is concentrating upon important political matters. In the course of an interview yesterday he said that there was no doubt that Li Yuan-hung would go to Peking and remain in office for five months, after which a National Assembly would be elected. Cabinet reconstruction must await Li Yuan-hung's arrival in Peking. He was most hopeful as regards the future, but he said that there had been so much corruption that the people demanded a thorough cleansing of official life.—Reuter.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 496179, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-482 - Public Offices - 1923", "page_number": 259, "title": "CO129-482 - Public Offices - 1923", "content_text": "## 257\n\nGovernment House, 8th October.\n\nIt was left with me with the idea of seeing whether they could find any retired officers from the Far East or India, who would be free agents. I will quote here a letter from Eugene.\n\n\"There is here the beginning of a new relationship which, ultimately, may enable England to do in China the sort of things which she has done in India and Further India and Hong Kong without the faults and, perhaps, evils necessarily involved in a system deriving its sanction from and in military conquest.\n\nWe know and see what your people can do in China in Sir Robert Hart's work in the China Customs and Sir Richard Dane's in the Salt Gabelle. But, though considerable, these British achievements are really not of the order of work that could be done by Britons in China when working in genuine co-operation with our people. The Customs and Gabelle have been established in face of Chinese opposition, since they are the creatures of Treaties, i.e., they have been imposed on us, so to speak. How much better, therefore, could you not build in China should voluntary co-operation replace opposition?\n\nIn the interests of China and of England as my \"spiritual home\" I pray daily for vision in British policy in China.\" This need not be taken at its face value, Eugene is a gifted scoundrel, a wonderful talker, a clever writer and about as straight as a corkscrew. His real 'spiritual home' I should say would be much hotter than...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-482 - Public Offices - 1923.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 501679, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "page_number": 706, "title": "CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925", "content_text": "Though all were officered by Portuguese) and of certain fortress guns and some machine guns. The Government had given orders for their reinforcement by another company from Mozambique and for a man-of-war to be pressed from Lisbon together with a transport carrying a sufficient number of men to bring the garrison, making 1000 men in all, up to its full complement. The Ambassador laid stress on the fact that the Portuguese regard, and for many years had regarded, Macao as a colony obtained by conquest, but the Chinese were always seeking to maintain that it was a concession leased from them on the footing of other national concessions and in return for a rent which the Portuguese had ceased to pay. His Excellency was instructed to enquire whether, in case of such an attack upon Macao, the British authorities would lend assistance in its defense. As regards general policy, he said that his Government was anxious to act in co-operation and union with us, and he enquired whether I could give him any indications of the general view of His Majesty's Government and more particularly of the reply which should be returned to the Note presented to the Powers by the Government of Peking.\n\nIn reply, I informed His Excellency that in our view the first duty and indeed the first necessity for us all was the protection of the lives and property of our nationals. I regarded the present...\n\nPage 696\n\nPage 680\n\nIt appears that the original text was heavily distorted due to OCR errors. I have corrected the text to the best of my abilities, following the provided guidelines. The corrected text is formatted in HTML using `` tags for paragraphs. I have preserved the original page numbers as per the guidelines.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-490 - Public Offices - 1925.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 503456, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "page_number": 531, "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]", "content_text": "17969\n\n16324\n\nHK banki\n\n526\n\ndisruption in the Canton Government and of attack by hostile Chinese War Lords. We would then be left with an embarrassing acceptance of the enquiry proposal, although the boycott might have been lifted quite irrespectively of our negotiations with the present Canton Government; and it might serve the purpose of the new Canton Government to hold us to our acceptance of the enquiry. Mr. Brenan does not consider this forecast likely. He thinks that the Canton Government would probably reply without undue delay refusing our offer and that, therefore, there would be tactical advantage in sending an answer soon. But I confess that I have much misgiving on this matter,\n\n6.\n\nI must also point out, that if the action against strike pickets contemplated in my secret despatch of the 22nd August, proves to be effective and results in a gradual breaking down of the anti-British boycott in Kuang-tung, we may be able by degrees to work our way out of our present difficulties on other lines than those followed in the boycott negotiations at Canton. I have little hope anyhow that negotiations will end the boycott. As I have frequently pointed out, the boycott can only be ended either by internal disruption in Kuang-tung, or by the conquest of Kuang-tung by a hostile Chinese War Lord, or by aggressive action taken by ourselves, if possible in co-operation with the United States of America, Japan and France.\n\n7.\n\nThe Canton Government has not hitherto pressed for a reply in connection with the boycott negotiations.\n\n8.\n\nThis despatch confirms and amplifies my telegram of yesterday's date.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient humble servant,\n\nClementi\n\nGovernor, &c.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504647, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "page_number": 516, "title": "CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12]", "content_text": "20\n\non the Shameen also contributed to a settlement of the \"strike.\" The merchant volunteers eventually came to blows with the Government forces over the disposal of the \"Hao\" arms, and after a pitched battle in the streets of Canton were easily crushed. They had counted on the help of some of the Yunnanese mercenary leaders, who, however, saw on which side their bread was buttered, and naturally took the course by which their own hold on Canton was strengthened. This gave fresh encouragement to the extreme elements, and only the collapse of the Chihli party and Wu Pei-fu in North China averted for the moment fresh trouble in Canton. Kuomintang influence, fostered by the Soviet, had steadily permeated throughout China, and from being confined to the single province of Kwangtung, had become an important political factor in the country. It had now a \"People's army\" in the troops of the Christian general; and at the military academy at Whampoa, near Canton, cadets were being trained in batches to form at the same time an officer cadre and a trained corps of propagandists. It is worthy of note that the bulk of these students were not natives of Kwangtung, but came from other parts of China and from abroad.\n\nDr. Sun's departure for Peking and his death there in March 1925 may be briefly mentioned. Although he had been in precarious health for more than a year, yet his great personality proved a strong rallying point for all those opposed to the feudal and autocratic rule of the military governors, and had acted as a curb on the more extreme elements among the party. The position of the Yunnanese (to whom were allied the Kwangsi) troops in Canton was particularly affected, as they had consistently been on the moderate side and cared for nothing but the retention of their sources of revenue in Canton. They meditated a coup d'Etat in April 1925 to gain supreme control, but were deterred by the fact that the Cantonese army and the corps of military cadets lay on the East River region, and were supported by the armed labour unions and the student organisations in the city. They were, moreover, short of arms and ammunition, which their opponents drew in quantities from some hidden source, and the seizure of the arsenal proved abortive as the workmen were at once called out on strike. Towards the end of May they were attacked by the Cantonese forces, commonly known as the Reds, and after hard fighting, driven out of Canton, where the advanced elements are now in supreme control.\n\nTo gain a true appreciation of the situation in Canton, it must be remembered that of the enormous population of the province of Kwangtung only a small minority are members of the Kuomintang, the number in Canton, according to a recent estimate, being 15,000. In the country districts the labour and agricultural unions support the party; in the towns its strength lies in the labour unions (the formation of which, as opposed to the old guilds, is sedulously fostered), the students, the officials (even down to the most insignificant paid employees), and all articulate and educated sections of the people generally, with the exception of the merchants, who are, moreover, timorous and badly organised. One of the planks in the party programme is the revision of all unequal treaties, including every matter which affects China's sovereignty and which they feel constitutes a standing disgrace to China's national pride. They claim, for example, the immediate restoration of all foreign concessions, consular jurisdiction, control of the Maritime Customs, &c. - at one fell swoop. There is for them no midway step.\n\nWhile there has been no general anti-foreign feeling among the common classes in Canton, it does exist to a large extent among the intelligentsia, particularly the students, who create an effect out of proportion to their numbers, as the class of \"literati\" has always been the most respected in China. It has also been connived at, if not actually encouraged, by the Chinese authorities, particularly since the Washington Conference led China to believe that the foreign Powers were already prepared to surrender all their rights and privileges in China, and give up immediately every safeguard for the protection of the lives and property of their nationals, during a period of great disorder in China.\n\nThe Canton press, in name free, is notoriously under the thumb of the Kuomintang, and has done much in recent months to inflame public opinion by exaggerations or misconceptions of matters relating to foreigners. The example of Turkey in successfully defying the foreign Powers has been of great inspiration to the Chinese, who know that the Powers are now exhausted after the Great War, and, besides being disunited, are apparently unwilling to enter into further commitments abroad.\n\nThere are few modern industries in Canton, and in none is any foreign capital interested. They amount to a tannery, motor-boat and launch building yards, a cannery, rice-hulling mills, stocking factories, silk filatures, and match factories; of these, only the last two are in any way important.\n\n21\n\nIn all labour conditions are very bad, as the workers belong to no union, and women and small children work long hours under unfavourable conditions. Organised labour in Canton is practically confined to the skilled trades, artisans, seamen, and cargo handlers, &c., and these have often successfully struck for increased wages and shorter hours. Labour in Canton is in every way as independent and impatient of control as labour in Great Britain, and it is from the ranks of organised labour in Canton that the Kuomintang draws its chief support. They have, however, been taught to regard the foreigner as one of the main obstacles towards the full achievement of the revolution, and look forward to the Democratic programme with its principles, as laid down in the testament of their deceased leader.\n\nThe Kuomintang authorities have repeatedly disowned any connection with Communism, which they aver is totally unsuited to Chinese conditions, and they assert that their friendship for the Soviet authorities is due to their admiration of the success of the Russian revolution, and the inspiration derived therefrom. They are naturally led to contrast unfavourably the professions of goodwill and active assistance of the Soviet Government with the attitude of the other Powers, who, they fear, wish to keep China in a state of tutelage, but, on the other hand, they sincerely believe that all good men and true belong to the Kuomintang, and seek to impose the party programme (by force if necessary) on the whole country.\n\nJapan has for the past year pursued a policy of conciliation with China and avoided all cause of offence, but without making much headway, so long as the twenty-one demands remain denounced; America is, rightly or wrongly, regarded as the friend of China, the one Power who has never sought any concession for herself in China; while Great Britain has to fight against the atmosphere of mistrust inherited from the past history of her relations with China. It is Great Britain, with her subject peoples and her history of conquest in India and Egypt, who is constantly denounced in the press and by the student body as the \"arch-imperialist\" and the oppressor of China. She is the butt of most of the attacks, owing to her strong attitude and lack of sympathy with advanced political ideas. Soviet agents have been active in creating such propaganda and in directing its dissemination throughout China. Several are employed in Canton and at the Whampoa military academy, and have been seen in the streets of the city accompanied by guards of Chinese soldiers.\n\nAmerican, and especially American missionary, influence has also been to some extent anti-British. Their aim has always been more altruistic and less self-seeking than ours. This cloud of misrepresentation it is hard to penetrate, and it is difficult to persuade the average Chinese that Britain's sole object in China is trade. They point to the numerous shackles at present imposed on China's independence, and ask for concrete tokens of our goodwill. They themselves are to be the judges of what China is entitled to receive, and they resent well-meant efforts to rescue them from themselves and prescribe the steps by which their goal is to be attained.\n\nThe average Cantonese student or graduate can only be described as a half-educated product. He has learnt but a smattering of Western culture, along with scraps of the most extreme Social-Democratic principles, and the leaven of new ideas rising in his mind, with its new-felt consciousness of national pride, has created within his heart a burning indignation at the inequality of China among the nations. Unfitted for self-control by the destructive tendencies of the age and by his sudden release from the bonds of clan life, he cannot turn his mind to constructive plans for the restoration of law and order, and the eradication of widespread graft from his troubled country, but, instead, has his energies diverted by interested parties to the task of restoring China to the place among the nations which she certainly deserves, but which she is as yet unfitted to occupy.\n\nThe Executive Committee of the Kuomintang, which took control after the death of Dr. Sun, has, among other activities, fostered the establishment within the past year of an Anti-Christian Alliance, an Anti-Imperialist Countries League, a Union of Soldiers, Students, Workers and Agriculturists, and a General Labour Federation of all artisans and organised labour in Canton, Hong Kong and Macao.\n\nIt cannot too strongly be emphasised that, apart from strikes against the imposition of new and excessive taxation, industrial movements in Canton hardly affect the foreigner in the south at all, labour being so cheap and so little dependent on mechanical devices; all movements directed against the foreigner have had a light industrial foreground with a large and ominous political background. In practice, it is almost impossible to distinguish between the two issues.\n\nThere is among the non-missionary foreign element in Canton a general feeling of concern at the licence allowed by the Chinese authorities to the students and other irresponsible elements.\n\n595", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-495 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [11-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 504875, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "page_number": 140, "title": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "content_text": "139\n\nIt is lawful for Ki, te hald, generalno and major 18y\n\nJurisdiction Ladies Lam in China in the same sad state\n\nas if H.M. had acquired the jurisdiction by\n\ncession or conquest of territory (Beckwith 7),\n\nthat Power and under the Treaty the system of British\n\njurisdiction in China has been established.\n\nThe Privy Council\n\nexpressly decided that a conviction for murder in a case\n\ntried by a jury of five persons only (as provided in the\n\nJapanese Order in Council) was perfectly good and constitutional.\n\nSomething has been said in the papers on this\n\nmatter about the domicile of British subjects in China.\n\nIt has been\n\nauthoritatively stated in the House of Lords in the case\n\nof Udny v. Udny\n\nIt was there held that a British\n\nsubject can acquire a domicile in an Extraterritorial\n\ncountry like China;\n\nin consequence of that decision\n\nH.B.M. Supreme Court has been given jurisdiction. In\n\ndivorce cases, we have always recognised the existence of\n\na Dutch South African domicile; and natives of India\n\ncan hardly be said to be domiciled in the United Kingdom.\n\nThere is\n\nsome authority in law for saying that British\n\nsubjects in the civil employ of the Chinese Government are\n\ndomiciled in China, but this has never been decided.\n\nIt is not always remembered that a very large\n\namount of money is taken out of China by British Courts from\n\nestates of deceased British subjects. This is taken\n\nquietly as a judicial tax, but it is regarded by the\n\nInland Revenue authorities in England as being estate\n\nduty. The rates have recently been stiffened, and we now\n\ntake 10% of all estates at £40,000 and upwards. Luckily, thanks to this fee which, though threatened, has never\n\nreally been diminished, the Supreme Court and the Consular\n\nServices", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 505372, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926", "page_number": 94, "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926", "content_text": "238. I replied that while I agreed generally with the points he had made it still would not seem to me reasonable that His Majesty's Government should be asked to tie their hands in the manner suggested. Chen replied that they were not begging for recognition, that while he could understand our view the Nationalist government's aim was a government for the whole of China and that even if the position of stalemate was reached, which was all his amended formula was intended to cover, they would still be compelled strenuously to object to His Majesty's Government recognising any government of any other part of China.\n\nAs no progress on this question of recognition seemed possible I suggested that we might pass to the discussion of his draft declaration regarding treaties, but Chen thought that as recognition was essential preliminary it would be useless to do so. To this I replied that discussion being barred, I must confine myself to a statement of the view I had formed after considering his draft. This I then made on lines of opinion expressed in my telegram No.7 that principle underlying this declaration must be that of revision and not a negotiation of new treaties.\n\nThis caused Chen to launch into a further long speech on treaties which he characterised as having made an invisible conquest of China. The feeling regarding unequal treaties was so deeply implanted in Nationalists that they wished to (? extract) what they considered the root of their troubles. From his point of view therefore, and he begged me to take the great difficulties of his position into consideration, it must be a question\n\nPage 239\n\n...\n\n...\n\n...\n\nPage 239\n\n...\n\n...\n\n...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 506787, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "page_number": 99, "title": "CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927", "content_text": "# \n## 2\n\nWhat about your courts of law? I asked General Chiang. It is common knowledge to Chinese and foreigners alike, I said, that what the present courts dispense is something far from justice, and that China has no civil or criminal codes which are worthy of the name, and that so-called justice is in accordance with local custom of each individual village in China; that almost all judges in China live on what they can get out of their jobs (which are usually short-lived) and not on their salaries (which are usually not paid); that foreigners in the country would be far from willing to submit to the ruling of this inadequate system, and that their governments would probably be unwilling to make them submit to it as it exists at present.\n\nWe are prepared for that, stated General Chiang in reply. We have our civil and criminal codes drawn up which we are sure will be satisfactory to all. As the revolution progresses, these will be instituted, and they will not only guarantee the foreigner in China justice in accordance with our laws, but will guarantee the Chinese people justice from the foreigner, which is more important. The beating of Chinese with impunity by foreigners, and the security of the latter in so doing will be a thing of the past. Foreigners who beat Chinese in future will be punished in accordance with our laws, declared the Nationalist chief, and such acts will not be looked upon with leniency.\n\nWhat do you think of Dr. Wellington Koo's action in abrogating the Sino-Belgian Treaty? I asked General Chiang.\n\nIf Dr. Koo was right, was his immediate reply, and the abrogation of this treaty will be made with Belgium which contains special privileges, he said further, and no status quo will be maintained. Belgium wishes to enter into a new treaty, this government is willing to enter into one with her, but upon an entirely new basis. We will execute no treaties such as were signed by former governments, nor will we continue to adhere to any treaties or agreements which were made with other nations by any government in China previous to that of the Nationalist Forces. Nor will we at any time recognize any treaties made now, unless they are over the signature of the Nationalist Government.\n\nWhat about Extraterritoriality and the Foreign Concessions? was the next question.\n\nIf Extraterritoriality continues to exist in China, and if foreign Powers continue to exercise special privileges in this country in the form of administering and owning Concessions here under their own laws and outside of the jurisdiction of the Chinese Government, then the present revolution shall not be complete until these are entirely abolished, stated General Chiang. It is just as great a part of the Revolutionary movement to abolish Extraterritoriality and Foreign Concessions as it is to stamp out the northern militarists, he said further, and this Revolution will not come to an end until that has been done.\n\nDon't you think it would be more satisfactory to all concerned if the relinquishing of special privileges in China were accomplished gradually, I asked, and that it could be done with mutual satisfaction over a period of years as the Chinese government machinery developed a standard of recognized efficiency.\n\nThis is not an evolutionary movement, replied General Chiang. It is revolutionary. There will be no period of years, not one, or two, or three years. We shall have equality and any treaties which do not give us that equality with other nations of the world shall cease to exist as far as we are concerned. There will be no probationary period of waiting from the time the revolution has become a success insofar as our military movement is concerned. There will be no years to wait for the abolition of extraterritoriality and the handing back to China of the Concessions. This will be done at once, and foreigners who wish to remain in China are cordially welcome to stay here and be governed by our laws. Nations who wish to trade with us may do so in accordance with our laws. But no one can stay in China, and no one can trade in China, and still be subject to his own laws alone without reference to the laws of the Chinese government. The idea of waiting for the abolition of these special and unequal privileges over any period of time does not meet with sympathy on our part, and we shall not submit to any such delay under any circumstances.\n\nWhat is your attitude towards the United States, and Americans in China? I asked.\n\nI like America and Americans, he replied, and we are glad to have nationals of your country living and trading in China.\n\nDo you think the form of Government in the United States of America would be suitable to future China? I further inquired.\n\nNo, he said, your government, in spite of its name as a democratic form of government, tends to be imperialist in nature. Our government, as I have said before, will be founded on \"The Three Peoples Principles.\" The fact that you tell me that America is ruled by the people and is therefore a democracy does not make it so. A proper democracy does not hold possessions outside of its own territorial limits, and refuse to the people of those possessions the right to freedom and the right to govern themselves. In so doing, we cannot consider America a government which respects the rights of the people, and thus it is Imperialist in nature.\n\nDo you refer to the Philippine Islands? I asked.\n\nExactly so, he replied. The United States has no right to maintain its hold upon those islands outside of its territory. They are a separate people and are entitled to the right to govern themselves.\n\nHave you ever been to the Philippines? I asked him.\n\nNo, he admitted, he had never visited the Philippines, but he knew their history and what their people wanted.\n\n## 3\n\nI asked General Chiang whether, if they were granted independence, under present world conditions, did he not think it would be necessary for the Philippines to maintain an army and a navy of their own to prevent aggression from other Powers with ideas of territorial conquest, and whether he thought the people of the Islands were of one race and would be capable of governing themselves, with the probability of continuous civil war, and the immediate splitting up of the Islands by the mutual hatreds of their races. I told him that I had visited the Philippines and had travelled over almost every one of its far-flung islands and knew that no one race in one island would be content to be ruled by a race of any other island. Nor could the many races in these islands get together to form a government, since the hatreds of the races against one another were strong.\n\nThis General Chiang discounted as being exaggerated, and stated that it had no bearing whatsoever on the right of the Philippine Islands to autonomy. The making of such statements, thought the General, was an expression of Imperialist trend of mind.\n\nWhat do you think of Christianity and Missionaries in China? I questioned. Will the Nationalist Government continue to sanction Missionary activities in China, or will they be banned?\n\nI have no quarrel with Christianity, said General Chiang, and Missionaries will always be welcome as heretofore. The elimination of missions from China is not part of our programme, and they may function in this country without interference as always.\n\nWill the exploitation of China's natural resources be permitted by foreign companies, I asked, and will foreign industrial enterprise and factories be permitted, or is it the intention of the Nationalist Government to favour the promotion of native-owned industries?\n\nWe will not solicit foreign capital for China, replied General Chiang Kai-shek. It will always be welcome here. If foreign concerns wish to continue their factories in this country, or to open any other form of industrial enterprise, it will be given our hearty support in exactly the same manner as any Chinese enterprise. But it will only be permitted provided it is profitable to the Chinese people who work in these industries. The welfare of the workers comes first in our scheme of things, equally with the welfare of the enterprise itself.\n\nAs your armies gradually cover more territory, it is probably necessary for you to take into your ranks many of your former enemy troops, I suggested. Is it not very likely that with the continual addition of such troops your former enemies will out-number your own southern forces in your own ranks, and that eventually your forces will split and you will have a counter-revolution on your hands?\n\nThere is no such possibility, he replied. In the first place, we do not take over our former enemy troops. Many generals in China are now sending delegates to us asking us to take their forces into our army, but we shall refuse to do so. We defeat and disarm our enemies, and after that is accomplished, such individual soldiers who care to join our army make application to do so. We examine them, and if we think they are the right sort of material, we take them in. We do not take all, nor many of them, by any means. Then they are given a course of education in the Three Peoples Principles of Dr. Sun Yat Sen. They are thus made one of us, and then distributed among our own forces, individually, and not in groups. Thus they learn our motives and principles, and make any idea of split in our ranks or counter-revolution entirely out of the range of possibility.\n\nMost of these former enemy troops who join our forces are used in the building of roads, added General Chiang, and not in actual warfare.\n\nBy giving the labouring masses as much power as your Government is allowing them at present, and stirring them up by means of propaganda which is so ultra-revolutionary in nature, is it not possible that your labour will eventually attain so much control over your movement that it will dominate you completely and possibly impede your movement when it opposes your own plans?\n\nThis is also extremely unlikely, he said. We have no fear of our labouring classes. We work with them, and teach them and train them. Our system is for the people, not over the people, and if we continue to lead them right and train them right, there will be no fear of opposition.\n\nWhat will become of General Liu Yu-chun, who was captured in Wuchang? I then asked.\n\nHe will not be tried by a military court, answered General Chiang, but by a tribunal of the people. He has held the city and the people of Wuchang shall be his judge.\n\nIs it true that General Feng Yu-hsiang has joined hands with the Nationalist movement, and has agreed to co-operate with you in an offensive against Peking?\n\nThat is true, he replied, General Feng Yu-hsiang has become a member of our party, and he and his troops are assisting us now. They will join us in our offensive against Peking in the very near future.\n\nI then asked whether it was true that Generals Wei Yi-san, Tien Wei-chien, and Chin Yun-ao had sent delegates to Hankow in an endeavour to negotiate terms of peace with the Nationalist Forces.\n\nNot exactly, smiled General Chiang. They have sent delegates to ask us to take them and their armies into our forces.\n\nWill you do that?\n\nWe have not decided on any such move, replied the General.\n\nWhat are you going to do about improving communications in China, if anything? I asked.\n\n## \n101", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-499-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 15-1-1927 - 4-2-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 507490, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-500-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 30-6-1927 - 8-11-1927", "page_number": 58, "title": "CO129-500-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 30-6-1927 - 8-11-1927", "content_text": "# Enclosure No. 5.\n\n58\n\n**Translation**\n\n(Extract from *Wa Kiu Yat Po*, Hong Kong, 23rd May, 1927)\n\nLi Lit Kwan does not wish China to become a Second Mongolia.\n\nHe delivered a speech at Ku Chow seriously denouncing Communism.\n\nCommunism is a despotic Socialism. The Communists desire to turn China into another Mongolia, and to make us Chinese slaves to Russia. They have made the peasants and workmen their tools in order to create disturbances in China. If we allow the Communists freedom, we shall be deprived of our own.\n\nLi Lit Kwan, Chairman of the Provincial Government in Kiangsi, passed through Kuchow in the afternoon of the 6th instant on his way to Nanking on some Government business. The various associations in Kuchow held a Grand Mass Meeting at the Kuomintang Department to welcome him, and Li made a speech which we now publish below:-\n\n\"I was born and brought up in Kiangsi. This is the first time I have been to Chekiang, a very worthy province in history. I came here in order to recruit my health at Sai Wu, and then to proceed to Nanking on business. Now the Kuomintang Department has convened a grand meeting of the masses to welcome me on passing through your District. I am very pleased with it, but I cannot be free from some mortification. For the past several hundred years China has been in a state of terror. The conquest by Manchuria was the first source of terror, the opening of ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-500-2 Canton situation- governor's despatches 30-6-1927 - 8-11-1927.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 520953, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-520-1 Chinese situations 20-12-1929 - 27-1-1931", "page_number": 41, "title": "CO129-520-1 Chinese situations 20-12-1929 - 27-1-1931", "content_text": "41\n\nstrongest opponents and to remedy this deficiency he has been obliged to bid for the favour of the opponents of Chiang's regime in the party, who happen to belong for the most part to the Extremist camp. His original proposal to them was that parallel conferences should be held to deal separately with national and Party affairs. This suggestion quite naturally failed to appeal to men who owe their influence in political matters almost entirely to the positions which they hold in the Kuomintang. Yen then put forward a proposal that a meeting should be held at Peking to which all should be invited who had been delegates to any of the three previous national congresses of the party. Of these congresses there have been three in all, dominated first by the communist element, the second by the left wing of the party and the third by supporters of Chiang Kai-shek. The inference is that such a congress would show a majority opposed to Chiang Kai-shek; and on these terms it is alleged that Wong Tsing-wai has promised his co-operation. This unnatural alliance if it be a fact can hardly be expected to stand any strain. China is now fairly divided into two main camps. Only Mukden stands out and it is thought improbable that Chang Hsueh-liang will take the field on either side.\n\n2.\n\nBut In the South the failure of the Cantonese to secure the support of Lui Wun Yim's Kwangsi troops left them with insufficient forces to attempt the conquest of Kwangsi. Their opponents on the other side...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-520-1 Chinese situations 20-12-1929 - 27-1-1931.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 529237, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932", "page_number": 21, "title": "CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932", "content_text": "The time of peace had long since been swept away; that the Powers exercised by the Crown in relation to the disposition and use of the Army in time of peace at the present day are purely statutory powers; and that the Crown has a statutory duty to exercise those powers whenever it considers they ought properly to be exercised, and cannot therefore in the absence of express statutory authority legally demand any payment as a condition of such exercise.\n\nIn support of the proposition that it is illegal for the Crown or any other body or person invested by statute with discretionary powers to exact money colore officii, Sir Leslie Scott relied mainly on the following cases: Morgan v. Falmer (2 Barnewall & Crosswell, page 729) where it was held that the Mayor of Yarmouth, who in his character of Mayor was one of the Justices of the Peace in and for the borough, had no right to demand a sum of money for granting the renewal of the annual licence of a publican: Attorney-General v. Wilts United Dairies Limited (27 Times Law Reports, page 884, affirmed by the House of Lords, 91 Law Journal, n.s. K.B., page 897), where it was held that the Food Controller had no power to impose as a condition of the grant of a licence to purchase milk in a certain area a charge of 2d. per gallon payable to him by the purchaser: and Brocklebank v. The King (1925, 1 K.B., page 52) where it was held that the Shipping Controller had no power to impose as a condition of the grant of a licence to sell a ship to a foreign firm the payment to the Ministry of Shipping of a percentage of the purchase money.\n\nThe basis of the decisions in the two last-mentioned cases was that the demand of payment made by the Crown as a condition of granting a licence amounted to the levying of money for the use of the Crown without grant of Parliament contrary to the Bills of Rights and was therefore illegal. Lord Buckmaster in the Wilts United Dairies case (91 Law Journal n.s. K.B. at page 900) says: \"However the character of this payment may be clothed, by asking your Lordships to consider the necessity for its imposition, in the end it must remain a payment which certain classes of people were called upon to make for the purpose of exercising certain privileges and the result is that the money so raised can only be described as a tax, the levying of which can never be imposed upon subjects of this country by anything except plain and direct statutory means.\n\nThe question whether the principle upon which these cases were decided applies to the facts of the present case depends entirely upon the nature and extent of the discretionary powers admittedly exercisable and exercised by the Crown in relation to the disposal and use of the Army in time of peace. As to the nature of these powers Sir Leslie Scott has been at great pains to demonstrate that they are purely statutory, for which purpose he has placed before the Court a short historical survey of the position occupied by the Crown in relation to the royal land Forces from the Conquest to the present time, culled from various well-known writers.\n\nAn admirable historical account of the Army in a compendious form is to be found in the Manual of Military Law published by the War Office (particularly in Chapter II dealing with the history of military law written by Lord Thring, and in Chapter IX dealing with the history of the military Forces of the Crown written by Sir H. Jenkyns), from which source I have taken most of the historical facts to which I am about to refer.\n\n## 10. \n## 21", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-532-7 Anti-piracy guards- China Navigation Company v. H.M. Attorney General 19-1-1931 - 20-4-1932.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 536180, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-542-10 Mui Tsai system- correspondence from private individuals 13-1-1933 - 11-12-1933", "page_number": 60, "title": "CO129-542-10 Mui Tsai system- correspondence from private individuals 13-1-1933 - 11-12-1933", "content_text": "# THE SLAVE MARKET NEWS.\n## APRIL, 1933.\n\n### THE BISHOP OF LONDON'S APPEAL FOR ARMENIAN RESCUE AND REFUGEE WORK IN SYRIA.\n\nTo: The Editor, \"**THE SLAVE MARKET NEWS.**\"\n\nSir,\n\nWith deep gratitude to all our generous subscribers, I am now able to announce that the fund is now completed for the education of the Armenian girls rescued through the Bishop of London's Appeal.\n\nSince our last Quarterly Report in \"The Slave Market News,\" we have received between December 21 and March 16 £7 8s. 6d., made up by various donations, besides a cheque for £50, sent by one of our most generous subscribers for the Armenian Refugees in the Aleppo Camp, through the Armenian (Lord Mayor's) Fund, `40, Gordon Square, London, W.C.1`.\n\nI can only repeat that the destitution and misery is so acute in the Refugee Camps of Syria that any subscriptions or donations, large or small, will be received and acknowledged with intense gratitude, either by the Armenian (Lord Mayor's) Fund, if sent to the above address, or by myself, if any kind donor prefers to send a gift through me.\n\nI shall also be most thankful to forward any donations that may be sent through me for the purpose of fighting against the horrors of the White Slave Traffic, and assisting those who are striving for its abolition in all parts of the world.\n\n### FIGHTING THE WHITE SLAVE TRAFFIC.\n\nThe Far East Report of the League of Nations Commission has just been published. It is a terrible report, detailed and verified, of the traffic in women and children in the Near and Far East. It indicates the work that has still to be done before this ghastly, but profitable, commerce in the bodies of women and young girls can be suppressed.\n\nWe use the word commerce deliberately; it is this \"trade in women, this deliberate exploitation by third parties, for their own profit, of the vices and frailties of men which is the only aspect with which the law can deal effectively.\n\nIn this country, thanks to the work of Josephine Butler and her co-workers, the traffic in women and young girls has practically been crushed by making it a serious punishable offence for any third party to make money out of the prostitution of any girl or woman. But it is not so in many countries abroad. Many Governments still allow the licensed or officially tolerated houses where women and young girls are offered for hire at fixed prices, each hiring usually bringing the proprietor of the house fifty per cent. of the fee paid. The newly issued League of Nations Report says again now, as it said emphatically in 1927:-\n\n| Quote |\n| --- |\n| These licensed houses must be suppressed; they form the surest market for the international traffickers and their suppression would make it possible to attack the evil at its root. |\n\nThis is the work on which the Association for Moral and Social Hygiene has concentrated; we have always acted upon the belief that the first and most urgent action necessary to destroy the traffic in women and young girls is to destroy the licensed houses and the officially recognised vice area, thus making it possible drastically to suppress all those who exploit for profit the prostitution of others.\n\nThese facts must surely awaken all who read to determined prayer and action against this most hideous of all forms of slavery.\n\nYours faithfully,\nThrigby Hall,\nGreat Yarmouth, Norfolk.\nApril 2nd, 1933.\n\n### SUDDEN EXPANSION OF SLAVE MARKETS FOR JAPANESE WOMEN - MOBILIZATION OF PROSTITUTES FOR NATION'S INDISPENSABLE RECREATION QUARTERS IN MANCHURIA - MILLIONS OF YEN BEING INVESTED IN NEW VICE DENS.\n\n\"It is reported from different provinces where the farmers are hardest hit by the depression, that the custom of selling their daughters to brothels has become widely in vogue. Some of the maidens sold are bought to perpetuate and enliven the nation's indispensable recreation quarters, which are almost ubiquitous. But those are regarded as relatively fortunate who are offered as objects for sale in carnal markets at home, pitiable as the lot of slaves, of course, is. Japan's costly efforts at preserving her national rights and interests in Manchuria have borne at least one fruit; it brought about a sudden expansion of the slave markets for Japanese women. While shrewd investors and others still hesitate to go in, millions of yen are somehow invested in setting up \"palaces of joy\" in different cities of Manchuria. To these fields of new enterprise are dispatched from Japan proper, forlorn armies of country musume, to conquer the moral wilderness with their \"bombs of flesh.\" Our farmers send their sons as soldiers, their daughters as \"joro (prostitutes).\n\nWhoever suspected that the conquest of Manchuria was the distinct service of our poverty-stricken farmers? If the League of Nations feels itself bound to make protests against the action of Japanese troops in Manchuria, why does it not feel equally bound to oppose the mobilisation of the Japanese slaves there? The Manchurian issue is a passing problem that will settle itself in time; the question of white slavery is much more serious - it is a question of humanity. However, as Premier Saito emphasised a short while ago, the Japanese must learn to take care of their own affairs by themselves and not depend upon outside help. The shortest cut to the abolition of slavery is for the State to enforce it with one stroke by an ordinance, but that would mean the loss of millions in national income - impossible!\n\n### LAURA HELEN SAWBRIDGE.\n\nA short while ago the Japan Patriotic Women's Society started a campaign in the farming communities to dissuade the farmers from selling their daughters. But farmers do not sell their daughters for pleasure: they sell them because they can't help doing so. And so long as they can't help doing so, they will sell them despite the Society's opposition. Of course, if some of the dollar speculators dedicate a few million yen as a fund with which to save the girls, that will accomplish the purpose. But in the absence of such benevolent rich people, we must again follow the teaching of Premier Saito and declare that the girls must learn to help themselves. That is to say, there is no other sure way of helping the girls to keep from being sacrificed than to encourage them to disobey their parents. Japanese morals teach obedience to parents as the supreme duty of children. That is false: rather, it is wrong to obey some commands.\n\n| Quote |\n| --- |\n| IT IS THE PERFECT RIGHT OF DAUGHTERS UNDER ANY CIRCUMSTANCE TO REFUSE TO BE SOLD AS SLAVES. IT IS A MORAL DUTY TO REFUSE. |\n* -Amanojaku in **The Osaka Mainichi**. *\n\n* **The Friend of Japan**, Oct.-Dec., 1932. *\n\nPrinted and Published for the Proprietor, Alfred Lancaster Smith, Arcot Orchards, Sidmouth. Printed by C. H. Mills, George St., Bridgwater, Somt.\n\nPage 60\nPage 61", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-542-10 Mui Tsai system- correspondence from private individuals 13-1-1933 - 11-12-1933.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 556210, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937", "page_number": 31, "title": "CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937", "content_text": "SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. SEPTEMBER FRIDAY, 3, 1937.\n\nCHINA AND JAPAN\n\nBasic Facts Reviewed By an Observer\nPEACE IN EUROPE\n\nLittle Entente Policy Announced\nWAICHOW UNEASY\n\nFear of Air Raid Causes Exodus of Residents\nMY COFFEE MUST BE A FINE BLEND\n\nWELL, I THINK IT'S MORE IMPORTANT.\n\nTO HAVE IT REALLY FRESH\n\n13\n\nBUT I INSIST ON HAVING IT GROUND JUST RIGHT\n\n32\n\nWaichow, Sept. 1. It is reported that a bomb was dropped from a Japanese airplane flying over Au-tau, at the head of Bias Bay, fifty or more miles from Waichow. Yesterday, it is further rumoured that Waichow is one of the several places to be attacked from the air, which of course causes much uneasiness. Quite a number of women and children have previously retired to the village and others are leaving the city pursuant to these unfavourable reports.\n\nCHANGE OF VIEWPOINT\n\nThe motives which urged the Japanese to take advantage of the Lukouchiao and Shanghai incidents to start the present war are explained by a competent observer, Mr. E. M. Gull, in a letter to the Manchester Guardian. He says:\n\nSir, May I begin this letter, which I have been wanting to write for some time, by congratulating the Manchester Guardian on its presentation and treatment of the conflict between China and Japan? It needed real knowledge and insight to see and considerable courage to declare, as you did in your issue of July 13, that \"there is every reason to believe that, should the Japanese go forward, political necessity as well as his personal inclination will force General Chiang Kai-shek to fight at last.\" You were, I felt convinced, absolutely right, and so too, I thought, had been your correspondent in Nanking in the admirable messages which he had been sending to you.\n\nBucharest, Sept. 1. Members of the Little Entente have issued a communique on their policy, which is based on the same principles as the United States.\n\nMost observers in England, among them persons who had recently been in China, thought that China would not fight—not, some said, in any circumstances, and among them were men for whose respect I had a high regard.\n\nWashington, Sept. 1. Asked whether the United States and Britain contemplated further joint action in the Sino-Japanese crisis, Mr. Bingham replied that any statement would have to come from the Department of State.\n\nReports that British and American naval commanders at Shanghai were discussing the possibility of convoys to escort vessels were treated with circumspection by the Department of State, which takes the view that such a step would require Mr. Roosevelt's approval.—Reuter.\n\nTension Relieved\n\nUpon its presentation and treatment of the Far Eastern crisis \"to some extent.\"\n\nIt is expected that American cargo and passenger ships will be permitted to enter freely into Chinese waters soon, but Mr. Roper added that the American Government had to proceed upon a daily, and nigh an hourly basis, dependent on developments as they occurred.—Reuter.\n\nChinese Make Amends\n\nWashington, Sept. 2. The State Department has announced that the American Ambassador to China, Mr. N. T. Johnson, has cabled advising that Marshal Chiang Kai-shek has officially apologised in connection with the mistaken bombing of President Hoover and made amends.—United Press.\n\nBritish Co-operation\n\nShanghai, Sept. 2 (7 p.m.). Admiral Yarnell, interviewed by Reuter, expressed his appreciation of British co-operation in the present difficulties. He stated that he was conferring with Vice-Admiral Little frequently on questions of common interest, keeping the river open to navigation, and he described the help given by H.M.S. Cumberland to the United States supply ship Gold Star as a sterling example of Anglo-American co-operation.\n\nThe Basic Facts\n\nI say all this not by way of sending you an agreeable letter but because it enables me to state what I conceive to be the basic facts in the present situation. First, the Chinese are not temperamentally fighters, and they have a moral and intellectual antipathy to violence. The commonest coolie will describe as \"too fierce\" the threatening, blustering type of person, and once that has been said three or four times of a man, he is marked as inferior \"for keeps.\" But what the Chinese feel today transcends this constitutional dislike. They feel that unless they fight Japan, they will become a second-rate people, dominated by an inferiority complex, under the influence of which they could accomplish none of the tasks which they know must be undertaken and completed before they can rank again as a first-rate people.\n\nThe communique states that the development of the economic and political relations with the Danubian countries is increasingly hopeful.\n\nThe communique praises M. Paul Van Zeeland's efforts for international economic accord.—United Press.\n\nETHIOPIAN CONQUEST\n\nBelgrade, Sept. 1. Semi-officially, the newspaper Vreme reported that members of the Bucharest conference agreed that the question of recognising the Italian conquest of Ethiopia should be liquidated as soon as possible.\n\nIt is believed that members of the Little Entente are ready to originate a common move for the recognition of the conquest, and eliminating the subject from further European consideration.—United Press.\n\nHAILED IN FRANCE\n\nParis, Sept. 1. The country has hailed the results of the conference at Bucharest as the greatest victory of French foreign policy since Herr Adolf Hitler's policy changed the international line-up.\n\nAttention has been drawn to the communique, which endorses every principle of French foreign policy. It is said that the \"Hands-off Spain\" policy adopted at Bucharest is a direct blow to the Italo-German interference doctrine that in the civil war is justifiable because of the danger of the establishment of an extreme Leftist regime in Spain.—United Press.\n\nOPIUM PROBLEM\n\nCase of the British Colonies\nFUTURE CONTROL POINT\nA plea for the closest co-operation between the United States and this country in regard to the opium traffic was made at a gathering in Westminster by Mrs. Howell Morrhead, of the Foreign Policy Association, U.S.A., who for twenty-two years has been making a close study of the opium problem, discussing it with experts in many countries, and watching the work of the League of Nations Opium Advisory Committee.\n\nMrs. Moorhead spoke of a conference that would be held at Geneva in about two years, a conference of plenipotentiaries of the various Governments, to consider the drafting of a treaty to limit the supply of raw materials to the needs of doctors and scientists.\n\nMedical and scientific needs are already known, but to arrive at the world requirements of raw material, the League must also know the amount of raw material required by the opium-smoking monopolies and how long that need is to continue.\n\nIt should therefore also know what policy Great Britain intended to pursue in regard to such of her colonies as still allow opium-smoking. In some of those colonies, there are only a few—the smoker is registered but not rationed; in some, he is rationed, and in some, the registered list is closed, though new names may be added on medical authority.\n\nMrs. Moorhead, who made it clear that she was not speaking for her Government, said that the one point at issue between opinion in the United States and in Great Britain was the indefinite continuation of the opium-smoking monopolies in certain British colonies.\n\nAPPEAL TO MAYOR\n\nSan Francisco, Sept. 1. Teamsters throttled waterfront longshoremen's gangs attempting to unload ships here today, and cargoes are not leaving the docks.\n\nIn Clashes\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 1. Four more persons were killed today as a result of clashes between Arabs and Jews.\n\nJewish leaders have issued a proclamation in similar terms used by the Arab Higher Committee yesterday, urging their people to keep calm. Police and aircraft are standing by for emergencies.—Reuter Bulletin.\n\nMartial Law Threat\n\nA spokesman for the shippers asserted: \"Outbound ships will soon be without cargoes. All shipping will be badly crippled. We are not party to the dispute but are watching developments closely.\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 1. Two more Arabs have been shot to death. The toll for the 72 hours is seven Arabs and three Jews. The British authorities have threatened martial law.—United Press.\n\nAppeal to Mayor\n\nArab Killed\n\nJerusalem, Sept. 2. Shots were fired at the British High Commissioner's summer camp today, killing an Arab constable.\n\nSan Francisco, Sept. 1. Seventy-five women, mostly the wives of longshoremen, some leading and others carrying children, marched to the offices of the Mayor, Mr. Angelo J. Rossi, and appealed to him to terminate the embargo.—United Press.\n\nThe High Commissioner is at present residing there.—Reuter Bulletin.\n\nThe meeting agreed that the problem of Hongkong, where the control system has broken down, would require separate consideration.\n\nAMOY MAYOR QUITS\n\nAmoy, Sept. 2. Mr. Li Shih-lin, the mayor of Amoy, resigned today. It is reported that Mr. Kao Han-chiu will be appointed to succeed Mr. Li.—Central News.\n\nThe Canton-Hankow Railway has now resumed its regular service, which was lately interrupted by flood in Hunan, says the Canton Gazette. The large quantity of Hunan rice intended for Kwangtung and held up by the flood is gradually pouring into Canton.\n\nPage 13\n\nPage 13\n\nPage 13\n\n...\n\nPage 32\n\nPage 32\n\nPage 32", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-564-6 Typhoon- reports of damage- etc 9-9-1937 - 6-11-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 556770, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938", "page_number": 6, "title": "CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938", "content_text": "༦、\n\n- 2 -\n\nREALITIES\n\nAND\n\nAPPEASEMENT\n\nIN THE FAR\n\nEAST\n\nAfter 16 months of war, the armies of China are intact and actually strengthened. Preparations are going steadily ahead for the counter-offensive of the Third Stage of the war, aimed to drive out the invader.\n\nSix months of intimate contact with leaders and rank and file workers in Hong Kong, Canton, Hankow, Sian, North China and on the Yangtze front, gave me renewed faith in the coming victory of democracy. The people have accepted the loss of the great coastal and river cities and railways with unshaken courage. They recognise that these losses are being turned to account in the general strategy of China's war of defence. Confidence in China's final victory is undimmed. The more cautious envisage a struggle that may continue several more years. Perhaps the main political danger in China today is born from an excess of optimism among certain groups who think that the beginning of the end will come with Japan's financial collapse within six months.\n\nTo offset her losses, China registers substantial gains. One of the most important of these gains is this confidence of final victory in the army, the people, and the Government. National unity is being consolidated and extended to include outlying provinces like Chinghai and Tibet, where lamas are today praying for a Chinese victory. The spread of the new culture of democracy lays a basis for the true renaissance of the East.\n\nThe rapid and invincible spread of democratic institutions in China is the firmest guarantee of her freedom. The importance of the People's Advisory Council steadily increases. The creation of the Special Border Region of Shensi-Kansu-Ninghsia is an irrevocable proof of the democratic influences at work in the Central Government. In this region a million people enjoy complete democratic rights, freedom of speech, election and organisation. All officials are directly responsible to the electorate. The democratic principles of the Special Region are spread through the North up to the gates of Peiping. They have made the Japanese \"conquest of North China\" wholly ineffective.\n\nThere is no lack of volunteers to replenish the ranks of the regular armies even after the terrible losses they have sustained from gas and high explosive. The number of partisan and guerrilla fighters increases daily. There are", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-566-14 Union of Democratic Control forwards copy of Notes from China 14-12-1938 - 14-12-1938.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 559784, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]", "page_number": 48, "title": "CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7]", "content_text": "2\n\nto\n\nInterpret the provisions of Ordinance\n\n1.6 of 1845. 1.10 —\n\neither our\n\nBut I define that a Three Years' service of the Supreme Court itself,\n\nInterpreter _(which is in fact the law of Tasmania, under the Act of Council in Vict., No.29)_ or \"Clerk of the Supreme Court, to the Queen's Attorney, or Solicitor General, or Clerk of the Peace\" (1.3.) shall be, in the young age of the forum Not \"Eligible for admission to practise\n\nAttorney, Solicitor, and Proctor, of the Supreme Court, subject to the \"several regulations in that behalf hereinafter contained\".\n\nThese regulations are of the highest consequence to the respectability of the profession, and might be usefully adopted here; there being no restriction\n\n-3\n\n45\n\nwhatever at present imposed upon the admission of any British subject within Hong Kong, (whether natives born by severance or conquest to the Roll of Attorneys, Solicitors, and Proctors of the Court (3rd M. 6 of 1845, c.10)\n\nThe Tasmania regulations are contained in sections 6 to 19 of the local Act of Council above-mentioned. The candidate must affirm not only the fact of service, but also his personal fitness, to the satisfaction of three examiners, at least, of whom one shall be a Barrister.\n\nAlloway, and one the Master of the Court. An appeal to the Supreme Court against their rejection of a candidate may be maintained and the Court may reverse their decision\n\nand admit the candidate. But", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-57 - Sir Bowring - 1856 [7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 561064, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939", "page_number": 63, "title": "CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939", "content_text": "63 \n\nwell behaved.\n\n**We are constrained**\n\nOutside in the country districts, it is almost certainly different – by day at least, heard only of one well-substantiated case of atrocity besides fairly numerous \n\nThe feeling of utter insecurity and the theory of the right of conquest are encouraging the Japanese to be increasingly less scrupulous than they were at first, even within the city. Looting by Japanese soldiers of British property itself, as well as non-British property in rented premises or in property (e.g., Smith & Co.) mortgaged to British interests, is increasingly in evidence. In all such cases, the Japanese authorities have been approached and requested to do all in their power to stop such excesses. They appear to have done something in this direction, but it appears difficult to make them realise that they are seriously responsible for protecting what is essentially Chinese property.\n\nIt is impossible to form any intelligible view of the true intentions of the Japanese authorities with regard to the future administration of Hong Kong.\n\nMy personal impression is that it is unformed and dependent on circumstances, including the attitude of support to the Central Government – whether with munitions via Canton or with loans. Official pronouncements are so contradictory that they can only be explained by a desire to give no information at all, or by the intention of misleading the foreigner, like the proverbial donkey by dangling in front of his nose every now and then the carrot, only to withdraw it.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-571-11 Sino-Japanese War- Japanese attacks on the south; fall of Canton and Hankow and visit to... 6-10-1938 - 5-1-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 563315, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-574-14 Collection of Chinese customs in Hong Kong 2-11-1938 - 13-1-1939", "page_number": 20, "title": "CO129-574-14 Collection of Chinese customs in Hong Kong 2-11-1938 - 13-1-1939", "content_text": "20\n\n- 3 · \n\nplace the Kowloon Commissioner in a false position with a de facto Administration claiming, by right of conquest as it were, to control his fiscal procedure. This being understood, it is desirable for you to seek an interview with His Excellency the Hongkong Governor, and ascertain informally the attitude likely to be adopted should the question of tariff outlined above come up for consideration.\n\na. What precedes may be epitomised as follows:-\n \nThe new de facto Administration in Canton will probably introduce the new tariff throughout the Province;\n\nb. While the Chinese Maritime Customs at Canton, etc., may be compelled to submit to force majeure and levy duty according to a revised tariff, as has been the case at other ports in occupied territory, the Kowloon Customs Authorities, as you know, are exceptionally placed in that they cannot be coerced by force to change their normal procedure at the Kowloon Railway Station. But should they voluntarily agree to introduce the new tariff at the Railway Station, they would incur the strong displeasure of the de jure Government; and the Colonial Authorities may question the advisability of the Customs applying a de facto tariff at the Kowloon Railway Station on the ground that acquiescence or non-objection on their part might be construed as tacit recognition of a hitherto unrecognised régime, the so-called \"Reformed Government\" or some such similar Administration which will be established in South China; and should the de jure Government instruct the Inspector General to adhere to the old tariff in Hongkong, it is likely that the Colonial Authorities will desire us to cease collecting revenue at the Kowloon Railway Station for the time being, and thus probably avoid misunderstanding in this connection with Canton and the recognised Government in Chungking.\n\nPage 20\nPage 21", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-14 Collection of Chinese customs in Hong Kong 2-11-1938 - 13-1-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 563404, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-574-3 Proposed broadcast to America by widow of Sun Yat-sen 17-8-1938 - 8-9-1938", "page_number": 17, "title": "CO129-574-3 Proposed broadcast to America by widow of Sun Yat-sen 17-8-1938 - 8-9-1938", "content_text": "## No header found, proceeding with the text as is\n\n- 7 - \n\nThis war is in practice impossible; you must, in joint action \nwith other peaceful nations like Great Britain, France, and \nSoviet Russia, help us to assert in the Orient those principles \nfor which you, as the oldest democracy on earth, have also \nfought and died. I ask that you help us to win liberty, \nfreedom, and equality, and government of the people, by the \npeople, and for the people. I ask that you remember that it \nis just for those sacred human rights that our youth today \npours out its war blood in defence of China's soil.\n\nBy conquering China, Japan hopes to build a base for future \nconquest of all lands of the Pacific and later of the whole \nworld. In helping us to fight this menace now, you are helping \nto save your own youth from future sacrifices on other \nbattlefields. Help China to help the interests of all free \npeoples: The democratic forces of the world must be armed. \nHelp China to secure arms for her defence! The wounds of the \nwarriors of democracy must be bound and healed. Give us \nmedical supplies! Millions of our people have been driven \nfrom their homes, to wander on a great migration to the \ninterior, rather than to submit to Japan. Help us to save \ntheir lives! Give us money for relief work, money for \nindustry to re-employ our destitute refugees, credits for \nmachinery to rebuild our industries that have been destroyed \nby bombs made of American scrap iron!\n\nI ask you thus so frankly to give, first, because one \ncan be frank with youth and, secondly, because it is true \nthat we are in desperate need. Because youth today is also \nrealistic and practical, I want, in the moment left to me, to", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-574-3 Proposed broadcast to America by widow of Sun Yat-sen 17-8-1938 - 8-9-1938.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 567177, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-579-7 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 4-1-1939 - 9-6-1939", "page_number": 134, "title": "CO129-579-7 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 4-1-1939 - 9-6-1939", "content_text": "COPY FOR REGISTRAR\n\nCYPHER TELEGRAM from the Governor of Hong Kong to the Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nDated 4th January, 1939.\n\nReceived 10.37 a.m., 4th January.\n\n134\n\nNo.7 of 4th January addressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies telegram No.7 of 4th January repeated to Shanghai telegram No.3 Tokyo telegram No.2 Canton telegram No.2.\n\nMy immediately preceding telegram.\n\nI do not want to hold up the decision but would be glad to learn whether you agree that in placing restriction on any movements of British shipping the Japanese are causing breach of either of the following Anglo Chinese treaties Nanking 1842 Article 2 or Tientsin 1858 Articles 2 and 54 and of the Anglo Japanese Commercial Treaty 1911 Article 6 in case South Kuangtung is to be regarded as Japanese by conquest.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-579-7 Sino-Japanese War- shipping on Pearl River 4-1-1939 - 9-6-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 567394, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939", "page_number": 58, "title": "CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government, and should be returned to the Foreign Office if not required for official use.\n\n58\n\n(F.5785/1/10)\n\nTo: JAPAN.\n\nCode telegram to Sir R. Craigie (Tokyo),\n\nForeign Office, 15th June, 1939.\n\nNo. 289. (R).\n\n0000\n\n5.45 p.m.\n\n83\n\nIMPORTANT.\n\n692\n\n1. Your telegram No. 556 [of the 14th June: Tientsin terrorists].\n\nThe legal rights of the matter are set out in my telegram No. 287 and are those which would have been maintained by the Japanese themselves before these hostilities.\n\n2. You should continue to press our proposals for an advisory committee by whose advice we should be willing to abide, as demonstrating our reasonableness in contrast to the exaggerated demands now advanced by the Japanese Military authorities in North China.\n\n3. You can point out that the latter amount to demanding that we should abandon our neutrality in this conflict and openly side with Japan in her attempted conquest and exploitation of China. If this is seriously meant, it must create a situation of extreme difficulty, as Japanese Government must realise that His Majesty's Government will not, under pressure of this kind, be disposed to change their general line of policy which is in line with that of other Powers.\n\nRepeated to Shanghai No. 432 and Tientsin No. 57.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-580-1 Sino-Japanese War- handing over of suspected terrorists to Japanese authorities 1-5-1939 - 24-8-1939.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 570718, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-585-3 Sino-Japanese conflict- shipping 17-1-1940 - 13-11-1940", "page_number": 46, "title": "CO129-585-3 Sino-Japanese conflict- shipping 17-1-1940 - 13-11-1940", "content_text": "46\n\nThe strongest view put forward in support of the argument that Chinese jurisdiction is suspended in Shan Tung is a passage in Halleck's International Law, published in 1878, Volume II, page 462, para. 14 - \n\n\"The duty of allegiance is reciprocal to the duty of protection. The sovereignty of the state which is thus unable to protect its territory is displaced and that of the conqueror substituted in its stead.\" \n\nIn regard to allegiance, that is, the lawful obedience which a subject is bound to render to his sovereign, Halleck is obviously referring to a local allegiance only, like that which an alien owes to the sovereign of the country in which he may be. In this regard he goes on to say \n\n\"But this change of sovereignty may be only of a temporary character, for the conquered territory may be recaptured by the former owner or it may be restored to him by a treaty of peace. During mere military occupation the sovereignty of the conqueror is unstable and incomplete. Hence the allegiance of the inhabitants of the territory so occupied is a temporary and qualified allegiance which becomes complete only on the confirmation of the conquest and with the express or implied consent of the conquered.\" \n\nWhile the modern text-book writers, whose works have been freely quoted to us, consider that an invader has for the time being absolute authority in occupied territory, nowhere do they suggest that the rights of the invader enable him to do more than the military situation requires. And they clearly show that interference with the civil administration of occupied territory is limited to military necessity. \n\nBut military necessity cannot justify the voluntary acts of private persons, and so cannot warrant the refusal by the members of this company to obey the lawful order of a Chinese court. We cannot assume without any evidence that the Japanese authorities have interfered, or would interfere, to keep this company alive in spite of itself or against the will of its members, or that those authorities would do anything to prevent the members of the company resorting to the Chinese court, as they have in fact done here. This is strictly in accordance with Article XXIII (h) of The Hague Regulations, declares that it is especially forbidden \n\n\"to declare abolished, suspended or inadmissible in a court of law the private claims of reassortments of the hostile party.\" \n\nIn Halleck, at page 449, we find the statement, with regard to the suspension of political but not municipal laws, that \n\n\"Neither", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-585-3 Sino-Japanese conflict- shipping 17-1-1940 - 13-11-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 571101, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940", "page_number": 26, "title": "CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940", "content_text": "## 4.\n\nIt is confidentially and authoritatively disclosed that the Kowloon Customs issue is essentially political, that the importance the Japanese place on gaining immediate recognition of their \"control\" over the Head Office in Hongkong of the Kowloon Customs is in some extraordinary and unexplained manner connected with a desire that such an event should play a part in a general scheme to demonstrate effectively to Great Britain at an opportune moment that Japan has completed her conquest of China and is determined to brook no interference with her plan for the New Order in Asia\"; and that delay cannot be tolerated, lest by the autumn Great Britain should be in a position to assume a stronger attitude in the East.\n\nHow far the Japanese arguments and threat are merely bluff intended to induce the Inspector General to submit to their demands, and how far they are prepared to go at the moment in the actual execution of their threat, it is not possible to gauge. In the manner of presentation of their demands there is a ring of greater force and determination than was the case last autumn, and the Inspector General (who is generally regarded as a sort of international trustee for certain foreign trade, shipping, and financial interests in China or what is left of them) cannot afford to disregard these demands in their entirety. Since the commencement of the \"China incident\" the preservation of the Customs Service and the so-called Inspectorate system has been maintained more or less by argument and persuasion, and temporising and bending somewhat where non-essentials are concerned and where it has been within the competence of the Japanese to meet actual refusal with force. In the present case of the Kowloon Head Office refusal cannot be met by force, it is true, but disruption of the Customs Service as a whole in occupied areas is threatened instead. Obviously, therefore, if the integrity of the Service is to be maintained it is essential that some sort of formula be devised calculated to satisfy to some extent the Japanese exorbitant demands as outlined above, without unduly upsetting Chungking. Possibly a solution may be found in the appointment to the Kowloon Customs Head Office in Hongkong of a Deputy Commissioner (or Officer of lesser rank) of Japanese nationality to act as a liaison-officer and interpreter in connection with the Frontier Stations situated in the \"occupied area\". But even if this solution is accepted as a compromise by the Japanese Authorities (and provided, of course, that the Hongkong Government offer no objection) it is likely to incur criticism from the Chungking Government; and there also remains the possibility of a withdrawal of the Japanese occupying forces from the whole Frontier after such an appointment has been made, thus giving rise to an awkward situation.\n\nThe Customs position generally has become more serious and complicated of late, and while it is realised that existing world conditions may render...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 571129, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940", "page_number": 54, "title": "CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940", "content_text": "## 2. Administration\n\nThey are hinting that if the Inspector General of Customs does not comply with their wishes they will make his position in occupied China untenable. There is a danger that if Wang Ching Wei régime is recognised, the Inspector General of Customs may be called on to make his submission, failing which Mr. Edwardes, at the time officiating as Inspector General of Customs now believed to be attached in some capacity to the Japanese Embassy in London, will be appointed to succeed Sir F. Maze in occupied China.\n\nIt is believed that determination of Japanese to secure control of the Office is intended in some way by the Japanese to be proof that conquest of China is complete, and that interference with established \"order in Asia\" will not be tolerated; speed is regarded as essential owing to fear that by the autumn we may be in a position to take stronger line in the Far East see my immediately following telegram.\n\nRepeated to Washington telegram No. 7 and Tokyo, Chungking, Hongkong Saving.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-585-9 Sino-Japanese conflict- Chinese custom stations 14-7-1940 - 17-12-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 574264, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944", "page_number": 40, "title": "CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944", "content_text": "40\n\n2 Dan Conquest\n\nthat you will be so good as to remit the sterling equivalent of the above sum £712185-0-8 to the Commonwealth Treasury, London from Hong Kong funds in your hands.\n\nJan\n\nPage 40\nPage 41", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 574322, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944", "page_number": 98, "title": "CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944", "content_text": "# Your Reference. 54058/4/41.\n\nTreasury Reference S.49517/06.\n\n**TREASURY CHAMBERS**, 97 GREAT GEORGE STREET, LONDON, S.W.1.\n\n23rd July, 1942.\n\nDear Taylor,\n\nThank you for your letter of 13th June concerning the reimbursement of the Australian authorities on account of Hong Kong evacuees.\n\nWhen I suggested, in my letter of April 13th, a doubt as to whether, under the agreement by which His Majesty's Government accepted responsibility for the cost of the compulsory evacuation from Hong Kong of European women and children, the cost of maintaining those who, since the Japanese conquest, have become dependent on maintenance grants was a charge on United Kingdom and not on Hong Kong funds, I had two points in mind. (a) The agreement was made on the understanding that the cost to His Majesty's Government would be set-off against contributions by Hong Kong to the cost of the war. (b) It might be questioned whether the agreement applied to those evacuees who did not, from the beginning, take advantage of the special arrangements for maintenance grants recoverable from breadwinners in Hong Kong.\n\nBut, in all the circumstances, we accept as reasonable what you propose in the final paragraph of your letter.\n\nWe should be glad to have more information about the administrative expenditure incurred in connection with the maintenance of the Far East Evacuees in the Dominions. Will this be divided, and if so on what basis, between the various Governments where maintenance costs are charged?\n\nYours sincerely,\n\nWAR Handhe\n\nEdwin Taylor, Esq., Colonial Office.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-589-20 Evacuation- financial arrangements 26-7-1941 - 3-1-1944.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 581810, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-594-7 Proposed legislation to regularise registration of births- marriages and deaths in Stanley internment camp during... 16-10-1945 - 19-12-1946", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-594-7 Proposed legislation to regularise registration of births- marriages and deaths in Stanley internment camp during... 16-10-1945 - 19-12-1946", "content_text": "28\n\nthis provision as follows:-\n\n\"Now that the distinction between conquest and military occupation is formally drawn, the source of an invader's authority cannot be looked for in a transfer of that of the territorial sovereign. It is a new authority based on the necessities of war and on the duty which the invader owes to the population of the occupied districts\".\n\nHe quotes with approval a draft drawn up by the Brussels Conference in 1874 (which was not, however, adopted by the powers in any binding form). This states that \"the authority of legal power being suspended and having passed *de facto* into the hands of the occupant\" (Page 85). Speaking of Hague Regulation 43 quoted above, he says \"The suspension, not the transfer, of the power previously legal, must equally be understood; what it is intended to express as having passed to the occupant is the fact of that having legal authority, not the pre-existing authority with its nature and limits\". In another place, at p.111, he points out that it is desirable for the civil officials of the legitimate government to carry on the ordinary administration under the invader, but that the invader has no right to force them to do so. He states if they decline to do it, (and his only right, it is also his duty, is to replace them by appointees of his own so far as necessary for maintaining order and the convenience of the daily life of the district: other purposes, as those of the superior judicial offices, can bide their time. Similarly, the more recent work of Oppenheim at p. 349 states that there is no doubt that an occupant may suspend the judges as well as other officials, and a long footnote (4) at that page discusses the form in which judgment should be pronounced if the occupant allows the courts to continue to function.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-594-7 Proposed legislation to regularise registration of births- marriages and deaths in Stanley internment camp during... 16-10-1945 - 19-12-1946.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 587464, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-605-4 Government loans 12-7-1946 - 6-1-1948", "page_number": 22, "title": "CO129-605-4 Government loans 12-7-1946 - 6-1-1948", "content_text": "We have already satisfied the 10th draft of the Grammar.\n\nThe deputation from the inhabitants of Heng Kong, including local and small groups, has been involved in development, having certainly acquired large sums and contributed only a small part. These sums will be obtained either from loans or conquest.\n\nThere have been four changes, as mentioned in 4.1.9 and 4.\n\nIt is not clear from the papers available whether a loan from branches marked 46 is anticipated shortly, as it is excluded in paragraph 3g, but previous telegrams constantly refer to it. If such a loan is contemplated shortly, it would be arguable whether it is fear of missing the opportunity for the colony to borrow under the loan ordinance within $150 million.\n\nMy Boss, dated 10/5, finally approving the low compliance and clause regarding Cross Agents, was not found by 83,10/01.\n\nMr. Palmer agreed that we should discuss with the Treasury and the Crown Agents, hoping that it would be possible to arrange for this discussion to take place without delay.\n\nAs understood, the Ordinance is urgent due to the possibility of some deterioration in the conditions for the local issue of $50,000,000. The question of an issue in this country does not arise at the moment.\n\nI would restrict the total amount in the Loan Ordinance to $100,000,000. The Governor's point at X in paragraph 2 of his telegram No.622 could be covered by a suitable explanation when the Ordinance is introduced.\n\nAnother point to be discussed is whether we could avoid asking for the Ordinance to be referred to the Crown Agents in draft.\n\nFile reference: the matter was passed to Excon file of Colonial fort, loans, on 14/5, after it had appeared on secretariat, war department hits.\n\nA special search should be made for the main file. I would like to speak to Mr. Horne about it.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-605-4 Government loans 12-7-1946 - 6-1-1948.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]