[
    {
        "id": 228170,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "page_number": 474,
        "title": "CO129-027 - Public Offices - 1848",
        "content_text": "467\n\nAppendix.\n\nReport on the Tea Trade.\n\n[ 52 ]\n\nEngland, and there has been paid into the British Exchequer about £. 167,643,702 sterling on the above-mentioned quantity of tea!\n\nThe following Table will explain the rise and progress of the British tea trade, in reference to the quantity of tea annually exported from 1669 to 1845, the quantity sold or retained for consumption, the rate of duty levied thereon, the amount of revenue paid yearly into the British Exchequer, the price per lb., &c.\n\nThe exports from China for the seasons commencing 1st July and ending 30th June 1844, 1845, and 1846, were\n\n1844.\n\n1845.\n\n1846.\n\n[ 53 ]\n\nThe distribution of tea to different parts of the United Kingdom is thus shown for 1844:\n\nLondon, 60 vessels, containing\n\nLiverpool, 25 ditto\n\nDublin, 4 ditto\n\nClyde, 4 ditto\n\nBristol, 2 ditto\n\nLeith, 2 ditto\n\nHull, 1 ditto\n\nBelfast, 1 ditto\n\nLbs. 33,436,887\n\n110,108,552\n\n1,143,471\n\n1,716,142\n\n1,060,978\n\n478,089\n\n423,143\n\n252,000\n\nAppendix.\n\nReport on the Tea Trade.\n\nLbs.\nLbs.\nLbs.\n\nCongou*\n38,508,849\n\nCaper\n\n1,355,025\n\nSouchong\n\n1,372,508\n\nBlack-leaf Pekoe\n\n137,061\n\nPouchong\n\n47,525\n\nFlowery Pekoe\n498,066\n1,562,603\n\nOrange Pekoe\n\n273,827\n54,920\n\nSorts\n\n453,277\n1,105,978\n\nTotal Black Tea\n42,547,520\n534,751\n1,796,542\n\n40,476,919\n\nTwankay\n4,079,147\n575,801\n1,274,123\n\nHyson Skin\n\n1,274,123\n\nHyson\n2,951,474\n292,052\n2,103,185\n\nYoung Hyson\n\n1,465,177\n\nImperial\n2,103,185\n\n1,233,328\n\nGunpowder\n1,465,177\n2,963,697\n\n597,678\n\n2,315,691\n\nTotal Green\n9,296,547\n11,859,427\n\nTOTAL\n\nTotal for 1844\n51,844,067 lbs., in 101 ships.\n\n1845\n52,336,946 lbs., in 103 ships.\n\n1846\n\nwere scarce.\n\nDuring 1844-45 ninety-five ships loaded at Canton, seven at Shanghai, and one at Hong Kong, to which latter place some tea had been brought from the northward, where freights The cargo of the barque \"Nautilus,\" the first vessel that loaded at the northern ports under the new Treaty, consisted of, Congou, 144,545 lbs.; Pekoe, 575 lbs.; Twankay, 87,770 lbs.; Hyson Skin, 3,413 lbs.; Hyson, 414 lbs.; Young Hyson, 7,630 lbs.; Gunpower, 1,351 lbs.; Imperial, 721 lbs. Total, 246,545 lbs.\n\n*11,193 lbs. of Bohea are included in this.\n\nIMPORT DELIVERIES and STOCK OF TEA in the United Kingdom, ending 31 December 1845, 1844, and 1843.\n\nIreland is largely supplied from Liverpool, but Dublin now imports direct from China nearly one-third of the quantity of the tea used in Ireland.\n\nWhile the East India Company had the monopoly of the trade, their shipments were made at one period of the year, viz., in November, December, January, and February; and latterly the select committee at Canton purchased during the spring, at low prices, the teas which were left unsold at the usual period, and which were termed winter teas; this, however, was only done to a limited extent, lest an inferior article should be imported. Now the trade is more equally diffused over the whole year, although the best seasons for sailing from China to England are from November to February; during which period also the bulk of the teas arrive in Canton, and command the largest exports. The diffusion of exports throughout the year will be seen by the following returns for 1844.\n\nTEAS Exported from China to Great Britain between 1 July 1843 and 30 June 1844, in 96 Ships. (Saghalien and City of Derry loading.)\n\nDATE.\nBohea.\nCongou.\nCaper.\nSouchong and Campoi.\nBlack-leaf Pekoe and H. Muey.\nFlowery Pekoe.\nOrange Pekoe.\nSorts.\nTotal Black.\n\nJuly\n\nLbs. 1,409,868\n307,106\n\n1,610\n44,402\n\nLbs. 1,532,530\n\nAugust\n\nLbs. 34,100\nLbs. 42,550\n\n8,018\n375,124\n\nSeptember\n\n755,020\n\n6,200\n\n761,220\n\nOctober\n\nNovember\n\n3,935,545\n18,387\n5,968,774\n29,531\n4,725,895\n80,842\n\nDecember\n\n5,234,968\n46,311\n4,155,958\n127,900\n9,540\n3,207,845\n104,667\n1,653\n\nJanuary\n\n2,929,938\n19,074\n4,059,905\n62,715\n1,565,996\n7,028\n\nFebruary\n\n498,065\n\nMarch\n04,929\n5,079\n\n182,291\n118,189\n453\n4,354,873\n260,253\n64,112\n\nApril\n\n80,429\n\n275,841\n5,195\n172,224\n\n20,082\n41,188\n\nMay\n\n232,849\n124,311\n64,985\n17,686\n84,552\n8,208\n\nJune\n\n6,084,135\n5,273,080\n5,581,021\n\n299,252\n38,762\n\nTOTAL\n11,193\n38,316,818\n\n1,562,603\n273,827\n453,277\n1,104,070\n\n5,693\n4,208\n\n3,115,136\n9,500\n13,565\n4,561,438\n57,750\n1,100\n1,640,069\n\n56,728\n42,276,581\n\nDATE.\nHyson.\nYoung Hyson\nHyson Skin.\nTwankay.\nImperial.\nGunpowder.\nTotal Green.\nGRAND TOTAL.\n\nJuly\n\nLbs. 39,555\n\nLbs. 222,655\n\nAugust\n\n1845.\n1844.\n1843.\n\nSeptember\n\nOctober\nLbs. 12,336\n410,430\n41,365\n\n6,115\n\nNovember\n\nDecember\n\n61,884\n\n788,225\n\nLbs. 2,320,755\n\nJanuary\n6,115\n\n881,239\n761,220\n50,051\n\nFebruary\n\nMarch\n\nApril\n\nMay\n\nJune\n\nBohea, Canton\n\nLbs.\nLbs.\nLbs.\n\n72,000\n134,000\n152,000\n\nDitto, Fokein\n\nCongou\n135,328,000\n33,739,000\n\n152,000\n\n218,000\n9,000\n\n26,000\n33,282,000\n29,865,000\n\nCaper\n29,793\n434,000\n514,000\n\n3,000\n12,000\n\nSouchong\n45,882\n\n151,483\n236,296\n20,232\n\n294,745\n48,764\n307,771\n\n113,748\n19,097\n134,823\n\n106,121\n\nBlack-leaf Pekoe and H. Muey\n757,109\n\n29,823,000\n27,777,000\n\nFlowery Pekoe\n\nOrange Pekoe\n107,408\n70,039\n16,582\n\n96,948\n280,042\n\n68,227\n\n141,407\n\n109,554\n275,171\n\nPouchong\n\n5,111,982\n\n7,216,980\n5,826,484\n\n62,436\n\n532,845\n553,404\n989,162\n\n6,520,183\n\nLbs.\nLbs.\nLbs.\n\nCongou\n764,000\n2,493,000\n\nCaper\n434,000\n352,000\n\nSouchong\n1,350,000\n\n1,085,000\n\n1,426,000\n1,649,000\n407,000\n\n1,073,000\n\n1,096,000\n\n1,758,000\n\n392,790\n\n176,764\n\n102,823\n\n1,004,887\n\n170,677\n\n298,634\n\nBlack-leaf Pekoe and H. Muey\n282,000\n255,000\n\n208,974\n\n155,741\n\n199,147\n521,480\n\n45,209\n\n93,690\n\nOrange Pekoe\n\n2,206,575\n\n7,082,002\n\nTwankay\n\n1,224,241\n\n4,746,719\n\nHyson Skin\n1,376,000\n970,000\n\n346,754\n\n51,551\n\nHyson\n\nYoung Hyson\n\nImperial and Gunpowder Sorts\n3,543,000\n505,000\n\nFor Exportation only\n\nLbs.\n\nTOTAL\n\nBlack\n3,431,000\n\n316,000\n\n1,460,000\n\n1,545,000\n\n1,332,000\n\n860,000\n\n1,827,000\n\n1,141,000\n\n203,000\n\n141,000\n\n42,000\n\n2,000\n\n48,393,000\n\n46,853,000\n\nGreen\n723,000\n\n777,000\n\n996,000\n\n1,146,000\n\n3,740,000\n\n3,241,000\n\n379,000\n\n230,000\n\n1,609,000\n\n2,419,000\n\n1,325,000\n\n1,163,000\n\n1,456,000\n\n3,935,000\n\n118,000\n\n125,000\n\n112,000\n\n73,000\n\n46,077,000\n\n44,297,000\n\nThe tea trade of Canton, 1841-42, was not interrupted by the war which we were waging against the Chinese Government in the north of China, although we had destroyed the forts of the Bocca Tigris in the Canton River 7th January, captured the defences of Canton City on 19th March, and compelled the city of Canton to capitulate and pay 6,000,000 dollars on the 25th and 30th of May 1841. Amoy was stormed and taken on the 26th August\n\nO\n\nLbs.\n\nLbs.\n\n51,145\n\n33,220\n\n23,537\n\n340,631\n\n23,734\n\n31,520\n\n391,323\n\n1,429,254\n\n470,273\n\n23,012\n\n95,905\n\n37,814\n\n96,501\n\n$4,318\n\n63,138\n\n1,338,640\n\n4,153,770\n\nApril.\n\n5,118,893\n\n557,455\n\n563,481\n\n2,203,544\n\nMay.\n\n560,385\n\n4,022,382\n\n592,537\n\n1,294,887\n\nJune.\n\n9,167,252\n\n51,443,833\n\nTOTAL.\n\n1841.\n\nThe",
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    {
        "id": 242324,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10]",
        "page_number": 210,
        "title": "CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10]",
        "content_text": "## THE FRIEND OF CHINA AND HONGKONG GAZETTE.\n\n### VICTORIA, SATURDAY, JANUARY 24th, 1857.\n\n#### LATEST DATES\nEng Nov. 19; San Francisco, Dec. 21; Singapore, Jan. 13; Manilla, Nov. 13; Jan. 14\n\n#### CHINESE CHANTUNG\n11 Muia, Gish Days\n\nAs soon as each division of the city is closed, and gates are set up, appointing a man to keep the gate, examining those who are passing and reporting should anything fearful occur, let the gates be shut and lugs to prevent thieves from doing mischief.\n\nAgain, in the several divisions of the city let a strict examination be made, and in every row where disorderly women live let them be shut in all defences; and when they have suspicious strangers, weapons, and other instruments, as ferrets, let them be searched for daily.\n\nTowards the Wells—in each division of the Town where there are wells, let a watchman be appointed by night and day to watch it, some person reputed or recommended by some one who knows his faithfulness, in order to guard against the treacherous putting in poison; opening at six o'clock in the morning and closing at six in the evening. Let the owners of water pay 3 cash per load for the water man's wages.\n\nFire—Hongkong ought to put up a reward or prize for any who shall seize a water or miscreant in any Mandarine's employment; and when masters of these shall be convicted under evidence, let a reward of hundred dollars be given to the informer.\n\nAlso, should any shop or dwelling house for want of care allow fire to kindle, let the offender be taken up and receive a thrashing of one hundred blows, made to carry it for three months correction, for not being careful against fire and the sin of involving others. Thus by the establishment of such a rule, men would certainly be careful against the grievous accident with catching animosity.\n\nBarbarians—At present the Mandarines of China have laid an embargo on Hongkong—prohibiting intercourse. Vessels going and passing boats from the neighboring places around perhaps come, perhaps not; perhaps several unite in coming together, to guard against the sea pirates they thus unite. Now the Mandarines have put out a proclamation prohibiting the Chinese from coming to Hongkong, but permitting their return home. We hear it stated that the Mandarines have thus fixed the time to the 1st month of next year—February 1857—before which none are to go or come; if they do they are to be seized as transgressors, and dealt with accordingly. Now although the hoted time has not arrived, still all the vessels that arrive at Hongkong, whether from city or village, should be carefully examined by some trusty conductor of a government boat, as to their business, whence from, name and surname, their age and appearance, and where they intended going in Hongkong; of which write in a book by which there will be a means of examining into the matter. Also, let each vessel examined for soldiers, implements of war, or other suspicious instruments. Examine the oven on board, whether they have anything suspicious in their appearance, and search their persons to see if they have any daggers about them, or any traitorous letters or clues of wicked devices, instantly examining everything on board, after which allow them to go on shore. As the present is a time of war, if there are traitors among the people of Hongkong, many of them rebels taking refuge; besides the men without employment will be many, poor and it is difficult for these to accept to any other occupation. The thieves, though numerous, will be found willing to observe the Laws, and will certainly not be the disturbers of the peace. Their machinations are at war, and it will be found exceeding difficult to effect a translation—apparently the subtle proclamation broadcast over the English were to select a crew of sturdy lads among those who frequent the brothels dispersed over the City. These are principally boasted above spies. Whichever is virtuous, without reference to his claracter, enrolling him as an assistant with $7, $5, $3, implements, the patriotic and bold, and act in unison leader, as actor, may take lodgings in them. No. suppose at and finds; for certain there are such among these, the same time was set above state everywhere capable of leading forward the past to the conquest where there are prostitutes, as the sign. If the foreigners, to destroy the convention, officers, specify and rising of the idea confusion. To disquiet the people, and graciously requite the good—less atrocious should be carefully guarded against. Recently Dying had planned trend been shut the city, been pleased intercourse, Tell the officials of the English by respectfully writing them to warn again pointing being foreigners, and perhaps, ad agato traži; and trade. into the wells of Hongkong. Suppose the Mandarines and gentry should secretly and in concert at a given time to set fire to the prostitutes' houses, poison the wells, and make an united attack both from the kind and out.\n\nMoreover, they would break the Embargo, placed on Hongkong and also in cutting off supplies, we fear all the dire that like an hell become a reality.\n\n| Jan. P. M. | 6,10 | 6,45 | 1,51 | 2,17 |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | 6.15 | 2.41 |  |  |\n|  | 3.43 |  |  |  |\n|  | 6,39 | 1,93 | 6,51 |  |\n\nTuesday, \n5, 1 Adown—First quarter on the 2nd proximos\n3.57 .. \n\n#### SUPPLEMENTARY SHIPPING LIST.\n\nJun. \nARRIVALS AT MONTTONIA, 31, 8. Sir James Brooke, Skinner, from Singapore.\n\n#### QUOTATIONS\nEXCHANGE, AND BULLION.\nHongkong 19th January, —12—latest at Bush Corporation Bank at 6 month's sight. 18. 14 India Úlög Ra....... No, Nous Duty Byer, Nammal-- Bills un Lambs at 6 months' sight\nAg \n-On Lucía 246 9. \nBuvom, Both Jammary --4do London, 6,,8—India Three days' sight 300 lhs per 10. Diats av Ofnban misi ilong- Long 3 per cent discount, \nMANILA, D, London, 6 months' sight 4, 30 days sight §,, -On Cratoa and kangkong ter ent protoinOn âme 1842eecent psikism-Biver Dollate. Spanish and Spath Auchan, daalused, 13 par ceni prasian \n\n#### OPIUM.\nHoxokong, 31 January, -Paina $115 a 1430 Boawes $1 alwal Nominal.\nMaeso, at January.--Parna $ildo $125, Benares 8115. CANTUN,-X Mackol \nSeasons 20th January---Malwn 367 369. Thule, Patos Sia 323 Triz.\n\n#### FREIGHTS AND TONNAGE.\nCANTOR,--Nong, \nSaia can. -De Lon los £!..10 a £3 for Ten, amil.€5 We 9- New York, 55, une fart. \nTo Lelen 10 Sugar, Hemp ko. €3,10 \nTo Unito Stow $59-To Aural (all ch \n\n#### \"REGISTER\" WARNINGS.\nWaxing \nDear Mr Register, let's have a word \nOr two, with you, on things of late transpired; \nWhereby it seems, by that which you are Jos, \nYour Indignation has been greatly fired. \nAt last you have a cracked, and trembling note,. \nA continubulation of strained vines; \nAnd you epiza fruen your harmonious jurat, \nTechaunt us cadences, ur, alias grang. \nIt seems you do not like the tato restrictions \npored on war crkwiat neighbours--why! Har never yet appeared to our nonvictions, \nBut post you will in fəran qe by atat kym \nfe, do nel like their wandering af sight, \nJaws and carves, Sir John, will tell yon na-- \nAnd held your own important soif inclina \nBeyou that livo: to take a chair-why go \nAnd visit your contributors or friends \nBut dont ugal the pass from the othicial; \nAnd if you are a lasting man, \nJust take it with you-wili be beneficialy \nwww.wx \nOr if a GENTLEMAN of gh degre \nTho' uut of pare Casian blood. neglect \nTo carry with bin hat the laws decree \nIn the of warfare-what can you expect? \nBut, that a citizen of earnest seal, \nplein \nAril hanest purpose past your en Shonid chose to challenge tür our mutna \nThe cause of two chair-oitus late detension \n-J \nAnd on the showing of their vindication \nBy this great gentle of puntic blood, \nYou strive to ensure one, whose pledged vacation, \nI to a crime, in bluason, or in \nPause Mr Register, and do not wokY \nFor but of too wild a fight-tis like \nThat you have seen, and y le taught to fol \nLow soon the Begle way the quarry strike \n\n#### SUPREME COURT.\n98th January, 1857.\nThe Queen. The Punnvers. Dr. Bridges, supported by Messrs Gisket and Bowa, and by Mr H.J. Turin, moved on behalf of the Prisoner Alum of the Esing shop, that the Sheriff, Mr May, be ordered to pay over unto the said Prisoner Alum, the sum of $1225, being monies seized by the Sheriff on the premises under The trial of the Esing prisoners will not come on Monday next, as the case commenced earlier than was likely to trench deep—firm and of Mr Tarea, stated their belief to be likely on the bowels of the night. The long this annoy was scary to caulio the p. i- kg Register will not ad id fit vero of the Zomer to prepara lus delence, asseron tout Alain and his fanife werdetin The Chi Ja tien avid that the objection to this existed on board the Shava onk und the Hongkong Police arrived; and the Chem Mach, also in-drecting the errar goes just as faz wrong in \n\n#### CHINESE LAW:\nand the five Mandarimen embarked with them. On their way up they were met by the Cantonese full, who burn one, destroying one thousand men. The other was ran on alore, N. J and the five Mandarimen with about two thousand men narrowly escaping back to Chinkeng. Finally, they built a small boat, ten men volunteering to attempt to reach Nankin in her. It was arranged if they succeeded, All persons rearing mountains, pretending poison—RSI they were so throw large quantities of charcoal into the river. The man at Chinkiang keeping all those who are guilty of afaming in death with violent watch for its floating past with the constant ebb, threats, in order to accomplish an object criminal and unlawful. pusdicine, who pennisters drug perforations with after this a-kang cut his way through with thirty prat Naakin and Chinkeing fu, which they noticed folicult, stall safer deaths—An cekilful practaloner or far days after the boat left. When about a week the ponding needle, contrary to the tablebed rules and hand bringing provisions and relief in the practice, and thereby thungh without any design to injure, kila the patient, shall be had to even hotf from the garrison—Since then they have hul abondanco of panialent of hamile, but shall be obliged to quit kia pro-visions. The morong we passed Tomson the sun or ever, it shaft anper, bewever, that he intentionreb is were engaging the inperiniiats, and we were ally devices from the established rules and gradu, and he enre, and the patient dina, the money shal! then I con \n\n#### CHINKEANG AND NANKING.\nOrigin Narrative, \nComcted from N, page 23. \ntold they had been alt engaged the day before, \nAll the time we were at Ching krang and Nonkin, \nand they appeared q te ignorant of what nu iven going on here. At the lone we left they lik \"wet board of the movements at Canton, \nA Cintonese \nwomen mentioned something about Cautos, which we did not onderzland. We were never askıd \n\n#### ADVERTISEMENTS.\n\n**WORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE.**\nLEA & PERRINS \nat their SALUK which \nsatened in India, \nby \nBay, noe Tat Joanable wo well she LA BANTA Chan \n. والكتير هز \nWORCESTERSHIRE SAUCE. \nPERRINA \nyaz, and riker Out \ndily by far gymploye dealers in Sau Or the 2003 ore 224 K \nKenchaista Linivan \nFOR SALE.\n\nTHE HOUSE GROUND on Inland LOT \nNr. 306-comer of Hollywood Roni and Cir alar Busitings. The House is well brill, with Five Large Reons, The Godowns adapted for the storage of Dry Goods. For full particulars, apply in CHUN APNG, at the Feessa Hong, Botha's Strand or by later, addressed \"C.,\" at the China Mail Oce. \nHongkong 15th November, 1856.\n\nJUST RECEIVED. \n散芳園 \n大水坑口 \n兹者上海 \nmud for Sale by the undersigned, \n120 Tins Warm CRACKERS. \nTHOMAS HUNT & OL Hongkong, 2nd January, 1857.\n\nRECEIVED per Arganout,” and for Salo by \nthe undersignal, 600 Barrels Fresh Gallego FLOUR. \nTHOMAS HUNT & Co. Hongkong, 20th January, 1957.\n\nDECEIVED per late nerival, and For Sale by \nthe undersigand,—- \n109 Packages American PORK. \n150 Banels Gallego FLOUR 1000 Bags California to \nTUOMAS HENT & Co. \nHongkong, fih January, 1857.\n\n**CIRCULAR.**\nTHE undersigned, Proprietor of the FRENCH BREAD COMPANY, respectfully gives notice to the community of Victoria, that ho has engaged an ExorsAN BAK, and is consequence of the Bligh wages, and dearness of Flour, will ↑ Charge, from this date, TWELVE CENTS per four. \nN. BOULLE. Hengitong, 24th January, 1857.\n\n**ADVERTISEMENT.**\nA Respectable Chinese, having his family in the Colony, is desirous of otiring cimployment at a Comprador, or Office Copyist. Apply at this \nHongkong, 10th January, 1857, \nObce.\n\n**NOTICE.**\nwater, this would become heurt aortow and should be carefully guarded aguest. In curefully coming here; there are the means of preventing the guarding, tho treimenos mest in hindered fron evt. I have thus respeedfully laid this part of may views before you for consideration; \nSending so many slits from your honorable country such a distance across the steep, or, Now, when without soutiers sufficient, they would be rady at hand,-when without supplier, -supplies would be sent is. Chinn for several years in succession has been engaged in internal warfare the power of the country has become vitiated, and done away. Beyond the court the officers are with rat wbility; in the cabinet, there are no good and faithful misters; and this is the time for one of \nbeild up his fortune with true abilities not a pro- per feeling. Let such receive the teselligent with generosity and sincerity, treating them with respect; en there would be a general collecting to such as to a lender, like the water running down to the art. Where woult grief arise for is want of meri torious succes in the acquisition of territory la He teratasi \n\nPass & System Let there be an intelligen bes palice man in each divlaim of this city, tune with the Tuga in ezinining every Frange, has many oths, what age, and appeatability improve the opportunity to make bis Jack ance, writing it in n book, auf on the paza clarly etning the carer's height in feet and meter, his When going out and in, tot hus spend his pare appearance, oxide and surname, and residence. up his collar button; that it may at all times on exensoution be ascertained whether the proper pereus beurs it, in order to prasibu traitoreas en Seamen's Hospital.\n\n**SEAMEN'S HOSPITAL.**\nResident Surgen-RUNARD G. JACK, Esq. Consulting Surgeon-W. A. HARLAND, Esy., .. \"Tems & Aimsion. \nPublic Wards, -75 Cente per day, Intermediate Wands Dollar, Private Rooms 2 \nPatients are also admitted on Pepsi, at the \nfollowing rates, renewable une day previous to 10 \namcant deposited having been expended. \nPublic Warda - Intermo/tips-. \nPrivate Roms.. \nW15 \n- $20 630 \nThe Captains or Consignees of Vessel mnat ba sponsible for the expenses of Patients sent by thear so the Flaspiiri. \nNBA Hospital Bills to ho receipted by the Treasurer only.\n\n**WANTED.**\nin SH1 procending is SGAPORE \nroom at a cheap rate for fra Que to Five Finated Tons of Daal weight, consisting of foot square genio blocks froin Four in Six feet in length, which will be placed on board and taken out free of opens to the Ship. \nApply to \nWH. TARRANT. Hongkong, 27th January, 1857.\n\n**PUBLIO AUCTION.**\nTHE undersigned with call by Puncu Averian, \non \nMONDAY, \nthe 2nd day of February, 1857, \nat Noon, from the Godowns of Messia Scuserz3R \nectient locality. For particulars address Medicus&Co, for account of what it may concern, the fol Office of the Chins Mail.\" \nHanghong, 19th November, 1856.\n\n**STORAGE.**\nen moderate this, on board the \nHalk \" Ernan,\" lying of West Point Apply to the Proprietor \nTHOMAS ROBERTS. \nHongkong, 29th November, 1866.\n\n**A CARD.**\nF. FLACKHEAD, \nHONGKCAS. \nShip Chan-lice, Sailmaker and Qeneral Agent, \nCopper, Yellow Metal, and Zine Sheathing, always on hand. \nflongkong, 6th November, 1856.\n\n**NOTICE OF REMOVAL.**\nTHE undersigned begs to notify his friends and Captains in this Harbour that (on account of the dangers at Whampoa) he has removed his \nShip Chandlery Establishment to this Place, \nin the bay of Spring Gardens, and by strict attention to business hopes to obtain a share of the public patronage. \nF. BLACKBEAD. \nHongkong, 31st December, 1856.\n\n**SPRING GARDENS.**\nTHE undersigned have established themselves in \nHongkong as CARPENTERS and Shipwrights \nand are ready to undertake Work of every description. They have also on hand a large supply of MATERIAL for the Building and Repair of Ships; Likewise Sails of all sizes. \nBUYERS & Co. Hongkong, 1st January, 1857.\n\n**BROWN, JONES & Co.**\nUndertakers. \nMONUMENTS AND HEAD STONES, made in the best style, at the lowest possible charges. Apply to \nthe Sexton at the Courthouse.\n\n**ORIENTAL HOTEL.**\nN. E. on Praya Grande, Macao. THE WIDOW of FatosRICK Denver, begs to inform the community of Macao, Hongkong and the Consular Powers, that it is her intention carry on the business of her late Husband as heretofore, and she hopes that, with the best servants procurable at usual moderate charges, every satisfaction will be given to those honouring her establishment with their patronage. \nMacao, 24th January, 1857.\n\n**NEW ADVERTISEMENT.**\n**WANTED.**\nSECRETARY for the HONGKONG CLUB. Apply by letter directed to the General Committee. \nBy order, \nR. 1. CARVALHO, \nSecretary \nHongkong, 29th January, 1857.\n\n### Page 210\nPage 211",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-064 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [8-10].txt",
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    {
        "id": 250991,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 552,
        "title": "CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "No of Date of Deep: Despatch\n\n25\n\n26\n\n27\n\n28\n\n29\n\n1861.\n\nSubject of Deep alth\n\nOriginal (continued)\n\n26th February Reporting 6 month's leave of absence granted to Mr Inglis to proceed home on account of ill health, and recommending his application for a Pension\n\n28/12\n\nAcknowledging receipt of Despatch N°1 of 10th January 1861, and Sundry Circulars\n\nReporting that the duty of attesting Emigrants Contracts had been assigned to Mr Inglis.\n\nReporting appointment of Mr. Thomsett, &c. as Acting Harbour Master and Emigration Officer.\n\nForwarding Statement of Assets and Liabilities of the Colony on the 10th January 1861\n\nConfidential 9th March Report on the currency of the Colony, with suggestion for its improvement.\n\n30.\n\n31\n\n124\n\n32\n\n13ck\n\n33.\n\n34\n\n25\n\n36.\n\nForwarding Requisition for Postage Stamps. Applying for instructions as to the necessity or otherwise of passing an Ordinance for regulation of the Post office at Hongkong.\n\nDeferring his opinion on the Report of Commissioners respecting the disposition of land at Kowloon\n\nRecommending Mr. Callaghan's application for the office of Attorney General of Hong Kong\n\n13th March Forwarding Requisition for stores for the use of the Surveyor General's Department.\n\n154\n\nForwarding Correspondence with Lieutenant General Sir Hope Grant, on the unauthorized appropriation of land at Kowloon by the Military Authorities. Acknowledging receipt of Despatches\n\n37\n\nNo of Inclosures\n\n38 23\n\nForwarding Correspondence with Major General Sir John Michel, relative to the resumption of the military works at Kowloon by discussion from the Governor\n\nRecommending Dr Legge's plan for the establishment of a Central School in Victoria and applying for sanction of the outlay &c.\n\nRespecting want of trustworthy Interpreters and recommending scheme for the establishment of Colonial Cadetships.\n\n39\n\n3\n\nNone\n\n4\n\n2\n\nNone\n\n6.\n\nMermai\n\n1861\n\n40 26th March Deputy observations on the Report of the Kowloon Land Committee.\n\n41 287\n\n43 30th\n\nConfidential\n\nOn the subject of the Defences of the Colony.\n\nForwarding correspondence with Rear Admiral Jones on the subject of the Naval Works at Kowloon\n\nAcknowledging receipt of Despatch marked \"Confidential\" to H.M., 11 of 10 February 1861.\n\nAlso one Despatch Count Scalas' application respecting Opium\n\nNowe",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-080 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [1-3].txt",
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        "id": 253388,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-086 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-086 - Sir Robinson - 1862 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## \nacles only ho \nen bus p.. \n- demelise Line (in \naverdance with Wine Office expect) & confer with \nwho had been instructed \nthe Comd Angel Experter with pistolistarl \nthan this twport home \nin short- \nsites for Multay hupores - \nputhen informed Not the D. \nof her can the \nZa \nworld late tw \n4. The oufalion \nsmal dursion unlit affie die! \n4.R; arrival ti \nRegland- \nland base the question. \n\n人 \ndie 16. D. was \n{ \nSir St. Robinson \nto \nThe Duke of Newcastle. \nN 83. \nReceived \n\nOn the appropriation \nKowloon.. \nIncest test butil the desert d \n224. \n\nSin H. Rt. anies what he all \nnext mouth \nal- \nveloß austhung bei hohend \n\"your heitings into the Pulitory \nauthorities otherwise offertery thie \nsnertin, & \nancequently dif \nthere hafers thes \nJou. \nIcmelerde a cohey may \nM. Ulut \nLee who 6625. having sference to the compensation & le juris L. the Thononce Shalitants of Kontor su \ntile taken from them for \nThe D. & Heurasther \nPallic purposes. \ndufalit alust \nLands \nhttb. the W.0. \nIn sufomation \nit \na \nLi F. Rogers. \n6626. Hongkong. \n\n## \nAt the extra Meetings of the Defence Committee on the subject of Colmial Defendes they consented, at My Earnest representations to waive thie demands for any more than five sites for Batteries, being very mark the sites recommended & his secontes Robinson. But then they declined to offer any opinion \non the subject of \nsites for Barracks or other such Establishments, as they did not consider Them to come within the terms of the reference made to them for report. \nJ Marcus \n7. H7 July \nProued as puspard (Mahon \n12 \ntw.0. \nwith notici \nthat the d. ofh. will Fath af \narin \nFuntion when hi H. Robinien \nEq. Ly, and. \n37789 \n(7.10.) \n\n## Reconstructed Text\n\nAt the extra Meetings of the Defence Committee on the subject of Colonial Defences they consented, at my earnest representations to waive their demands for any more than five sites for Batteries, being very much in favour of the sites recommended by his Excellency Robinson. But then they declined to offer any opinion on the subject of sites for Barracks or other such Establishments, as they did not consider them to come within the terms of the reference made to them for report.\n\n## Original Fragment Reconstructed \n\n- Demolish Line (in accordance with Wine Office expectations) & confer with who had been instructed. The Commanding Officer expressed willingness to pistol-start than this transport home in short - sites for Military purposes - previously informed Not the Duke. \nOf her Majesty's ship the Za world late two \n4. The outfallion small diversion until office died! \n4.R; arrival time Regland - landed based the question.\n\ndie 16. D. was { Sir St. Robinson to The Duke of Newcastle. N 83. Received \n\nOn the appropriation Kowloon.. Invest test until the deserted d 224.\n\nSin H. Rt. anies what he all next mouth al- \nveloß austhung bei hohend \"your heightings into the Pulitory authorities otherwise offertery thie snertin, & ancequently dif there hafers thes Jou. \nIcmelerde a cohey may M. Ulut Lee who 6625. having reference to the compensation & le juris L. the Thononce Shalitants of Kontor su tile taken from them for The D. & Heurasther Pallic purposes. dufalit alust Lands httb. the W.0. In sufomation it a Li F. Rogers. 6626. Hongkong.\n\n## Reconstructed Text with Markdown Formatting\n\n### Meeting Notes\nAt the extra Meetings of the Defence Committee on the subject of **Colonial Defences** they consented, at my earnest representations to waive their demands for any more than five sites for Batteries, being very much in favour of the sites recommended by his Excellency Robinson. But then they declined to offer any opinion on the subject of sites for Barracks or other such Establishments, as they did not consider them to come within the terms of the reference made to them for report.\n\n### Correspondence\n| Sender | Receiver | Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Sir St. Robinson | The Duke of Newcastle | N 83. Received |\n| Li F. Rogers |  | 6626. Hongkong |\n\n### Other References\n- `XCR(85)72` is not present in the original text, but `GR1178/1922/32(III)` is not present either. However, `37789 (7.10.)` is present.\n- File references should be checked for consistency. \n\nPage 224 \nN 83. \n6625. \n6626. \n37789 (7.10.)",
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    {
        "id": 257185,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10]",
        "page_number": 121,
        "title": "CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10]",
        "content_text": "117\n\nfor\n\nas the use\n\nof\n\nthe\n\nTroops\n\nis concerned there is little demand on the Colony for\n\ntheir support.\n\n13.\n\nTheir intended transfer to\n\nKowloon (Secretary of State's despatch\n\n18th July 1853) is to a certain\n\nextent proof of their not being urgently\n\nrequired in Hongkong.\n\n14.\n\nOf these remarks regarding the\n\nTroops security to the inland but\n\nas an internal protection from\n\nan external enemy danger, we have\n\nthe principal source laid down by Lord Stanley at the foundation of the Colony (November 1843)\n\nthat this is dependent mainly\n\non assistance\n\nfrom Naval superiority, while the Committee on Colonial Military defences have said that \"so far\n\nas assistance from the mother country is concerned the chief thing which most of our\n\nColonies must look to for defence\n\nagainst Foreign enemies is a Navy..\n\n15.\n\nMoreover Hongkong being the\n\nonly British territory\n\nand the presence\n\nof a\n\nthe Court of China,\n\na Naval Squadron\n\nhere being a permanent and not a\n\ntemporary necessity the Military\n\nforce as is the\n\ncase with\n\nhalf of whom are at\n\nthis moment engaged on foreign soil, it\n\nfollows\n\nthat\n\nHongkong must be the base of the strength",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-094 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [11-10].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 258230,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-096 - Others - 1863",
        "page_number": 231,
        "title": "CO129-096 - Others - 1863",
        "content_text": "६\n\nA\n\nin any great degree\n\non the merchants or\n\nmay\n\nother persons who are resident upon it?\"\n\nhad reference\n\nThis opinion to the cost of maintaining our Civil Government, how\n\nMuch more\n\nIn nor\n\nforcibly,\n\nreasoning\n\nThere\n\nwould\n\nhave afflicted\n\nother\n\nto the maintenance\n\nactual Garrison strength.\n\nI find too in the\n\n\"Report of the Committee on the Expense of Military Defences in the Colonies\" (1860) that Hongkong, although not specifically named in\n\nSerdently\n\nby\n\nWan Zin 27 April\n\n\"\n\nby the context included\n\namongst\n\n228\n\nthe \"Military Posts\n\n\" in which Garrisons\n\nare\n\n\" maintained for objects altogether\n\n\" independent\n\nand distinct\n\nof\n\n\" from the defence of\n\nthe\n\n\" particular Countries in which\n\n\"They\n\nare situated\" and the\n\nCommittee were of opinion \"That\n\nas these Garrisons are Maintained without reference\n\nto the wants and wishes.\n\n\" of the Inhabitants they\n\n\" should be dealt with\n\n\"Imperially, and not\n\nincluded in \" scheme of\n\nany general\n\n»\n\nColonial contribution.\n\nMr Elliot in dissenting\n\nfrom",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-096 - Others - 1863.txt",
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    {
        "id": 259900,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "page_number": 108,
        "title": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "content_text": "10\n\n11\n\nnecessary to retain them for any other object; and I go further and assert most confidently that it would unquestionably be more to the advantage of the Colony that they should be withdrawn, than that any such contribution as that fixed by the Duke of Newcastle should be enforced. His Grace proposes that the Colony should pay in aid of the maintenance of 1000 men in total idleness, as far as the Colony is concerned, a sum equal to £20 per man or £20,000 per annum, to be raised to a higher rate on a future occasion.\n\nIf the Troops were withdrawn and supposing even the existing local forces were found insufficient, which I think myself unlikely, the contribution named would pay for an addition of 600 men and Officers to the local police force who could be at all times employed in the Service of the Colony. I am desirous to press this question as to the necessity or otherwise of the Troops for the security of the European Inhabitants as forcibly as I can upon the Duke of Newcastle's consideration, because upon it depends the justice or injustice of His Grace's proposal—and if my opinion is not thought conclusive, I would suggest that those of the Executive Council, the Judges, the Magistrates, the Officers of Police, and the Chamber of Commerce should also be taken upon the subject.\n\nI have not overlooked the argument used by you in the 6th paragraph of your Despatch that Hongkong cost the Imperial Exchequer no less a sum than £273,000 for its Civil Establishment during the first 14 years of its existence as a Colony, and that this large expense to the mother country would of itself be sufficient to impose on the Colony the obligation of a substantial contribution from local funds towards the cost of the Military defence of local interests. I entirely admit the justice of calling on all Colonies to contribute as far as they can towards the cost of the Military defence of local interests, but as I have before explained I do not consider Her Majesty's Troops are stationed in Hongkong for any such object: and the cost to the mother country of establishing the Colony imposes no obligation on the latter to meet a payment now which is not justly due. Besides, it must be remembered that the Colony was established not for purposes of colonization or for the advantage of future Colonists, but solely because it was considered it would be a convenience to the mother country on political and military grounds as well as a useful adjunct to the China Trade—and the value of the Colony as a political and military position has been abundantly proved by the result. I believe the possession of Hongkong with its naval and military Establishments, small although they were as a basis for assembling and organizing the last expedition alone saved the Government far more than the sum named by you as the cost to the mother country of bringing the Colony through its first years of infancy. This will be easily understood by any one who watched the proceedings of our allies who had no permanent establishments nearer than Marseilles and who made that the base of their operations and attempted to organise there their expeditionary Force, and to send it direct and complete from thence to the scene of its intended operations.\n\nThe exceptional character of Hongkong as a Watch Tower keeping guard as it were over national interests with which it has only but a slight and remote connection has been fully conceded by high Authorities who have looked into the subject.\n\nIn 1847, a Committee of the House of Commons reported:—\n\n\"Nor do we think it right that the burden of maintaining that which is rather a post for general influence and the protection of the general trade in the China Seas than a Colony in the ordinary sense should be thrown in any great degree on the Merchants or other persons who may be resident upon it.\" This opinion had reference to the cost of maintaining the Civil Government, how much more forcibly then would the reasoning have applied to the maintenance of the actual garrison itself.\n\nI find too in the \"Report of the Committee on expense of Military Defences in the Colonies\" (1860), that Hongkong although not specifically named is evidently by the context included amongst the \"Military Posts in which garrisons are maintained for objects altogether independent of and distinct from the defence of the particular countries in which they are situated,\" and the Committee were of opinion that as these garrisons \"are maintained without reference to the wants and wishes of the Inhabitants they should be dealt with exceptionally and not included in any general Scheme of Colonial contribution.\"\n\nMr. Elliot in dissenting from this opinion and contending that as regards Military Posts \"there would be no injustice in accepting a contribution from such of these places as contain prosperous communities so long as the amount falls short of the cost of the number of the Troops which they would require for their own purposes,\" proceeds when dealing specifically with the case of Hongkong to observe that he supposes the garrison there \"will always be within the limit of the amount deemed indispensable for general national objects.\"\n\nI entirely agree with Mr. Elliott that even a military Post maintained for Imperial purposes, \"may fairly be asked to contribute if able a moderate quota towards the expense of Troops which are indispensable to its internal security,\" but I have already explained (1) that in my opinion the Troops are not indispensable for the security of Hongkong, and (2) that even if this opinion should be erroneous, the quota asked is the reverse of moderate.\n\nAnd lastly I find the Select Committee of the House of Commons on Colonial Military Expenditure (1861) have included Hongkong in the class of \"Military Garrisons, Naval Stations, Convict Depôts, maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial Policy\"—\"the responsibility and main cost of the defence of which properly devolve on the Imperial Government.\"\n\nBut while for the reasons I have given I do not think Hongkong can with justice be called on for the contribution demanded, there is an expenditure borne at present by the Imperial Government which is unquestionably for Colonial purposes and which I have always intended to recommend should be assumed by the Colony as soon as ever as it is in a position to do so. I allude to the Police of the Hongkong waters and the approaches to them—a duty which as far as it is performed at all at present falls entirely on the Imperial Government. Pirates literally swarm amongst the Islands, Creeks, and Rivers in the neighbourhood and prey, to an extent which would scarcely be credited, upon the local traffic of the Colony conducted by Chinese in Chinese craft. Lately they have become so bad that most daring and successful attacks have been made even upon British and Foreign vessels within sight of the harbour. All our daily supplies are water borne and I was assured shortly before leaving the Colony that, a species of black mail was levied upon all the supplies from the mainland. The Admiral has always given what assistance he could consistently with the demands of an extensive station to meet this evil of which he has been fully aware, and after each report of Piracy a Gun-boat is generally sent to cruise about for some days—and one I observe is now stationed off Stone Cutters Island entirely for local purposes. But some more regular and systematic service is required to suppress altogether this great and growing evil, and I consider that for some years one or perhaps even two Gun boats should be kept perpetually cruising about the Macao Passage, the mouth of the Canton River, the Capsingmoon and Lyemoon Passages, and the more immediate Waters of the Colony. I would earnestly recommend therefore that as soon as ever the Colony is in a position to meet the expense, it be allowed to fit out and man one or more Gun boats for this service and that the Imperial Government be relieved altogether of the charge of the Police of the Hongkong Waters—a duty strictly Colonial, but which even in the inefficient way in which it is necessarily performed at present, is a considerable charge upon the Imperial Exchequer.\n\nI have only to add that if the Colony undertakes the preservation of internal order and security, as well as the Police of its own waters, and the Imperial Government reduce the Garrison within the limits of the amount deemed indispensable for general national objects there will exist no fair grounds that I can see for asking for any contribution from the Colony in aid of Military Expenditure in China.\n\nSir F. Rogers, Bart., &c., &c., &c.\n\nhave, &c.\n\n(Signed) HERCULES G. R. ROBINSON.\n\nP.S.—Since writing the foregoing the China Mail has come in from which I extract two items of intelligence bearing on the topics referred to in the letter. Exchange in Hongkong has in consequence of the scarcity of Mexican dollars reached 5/04, in other words Mexican dollars issued by the Imperial Government in payment of Naval, Military, Consular and Diplomatic Services at 4/2 cost in Hongkong 5/04—thus involving a loss of 21 per cent, at least 12 per cent of which would be saved by a Mint in Hongkong. I annex a notice also of a case of Piracy outside the Harbour of Hongkong and may mention that four or five such reports often appear weekly in the Police Reports.\n\n(Signed) H. G. R. R.\n\n105.",
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    {
        "id": 259902,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "page_number": 110,
        "title": "CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9]",
        "content_text": "14\n\nIf I venture to offer some remarks on the proposition to claim a sum of £20,000 per annum from the Revenues of this Colony in aid of the Military Expenditure upon it.\n\n2.\n\nAs a year must elapse before this claim can take effect and as there may be somewhat in the following considerations (founded on local experience) calculated to influence the final decision, I cannot but think it my duty to put them forward.\n\n3. It seems to me that two principal questions present themselves—1. Is the claim equitable? and 2. Its equity granted, is its enforcement warranted by the financial condition of the Colony?\n\n4. The equity of the claim rests first on the use of the Troops. If these be required here for local purposes, such as the suppression of Civil tumult, or the preservation of internal order as in \"Ceylon, Mauritius, and the principal Australian Colonies,\" nothing more can be said, and we need only pass to the second question proposed.\n\n5. But ever since the foundation of the Colony, there has been only one instance in which the Colonial Authorities have applied to the Military for assistance. I allude to a riot in the City of Victoria in October 1856 when a Company of the 59th Regiment was called out, without, however, their more active service being required. This it must be remembered was during an exceptional state of things, which since our nearly four years' occupation of Canton and the altered demeanour of the Chinese provincial Government is not likely to recur.\n\n6. Services at fires have always been performed promptly and efficiently by the Troops, but these must be considered rendered by them as Citizens more than as Soldiers.\n\n7. There is no Police duty done by them; they are not put on Treasure Escort as to my recollection in Ceylon, and the only Colonial duty done by them is furnishing occasional guards of honor, firing Salutes of Ceremony, and mounting guard over two buildings the property of the Colonial Government.\n\n8. This last is the only service that can be said to be purely Colonial.\n\n9. On the other hand, Hongkong has always been (certainly for the last seven years) the Military point d'appui whence Troops have been sent to various parts of Chinese territory for the protection of Imperial interests. Our Military force furnished a Garrison for the Macao Fort in the Canton River when taken by Sir Michael Seymour in 1856; it supplied the principal part of the Land Force at the capture of Canton in the end of 1857; it was the feeder of the Garrison in occupation there till the evacuation of Canton in 1861. In 1860-1, the Peking expedition was organized here and ever since that time the Colony has been used as the Military Head Quarters from which the detachments at Shanghae, Tientsin, &c. have been stored and recruited.\n\n10. From recent advices, I may include Japan as a future service under this head.\n\nAll these services were strictly Imperial and had no local object or result.\n\n12. It would appear then that so far as the use of the Troops is concerned, there is little claim on the Colony for their support.\n\n13. Their intended transfer to Kowloon (see Secretary of State's Despatch No.94 of 18th July 1863) is to a certain extent proof of their not being urgently required in Hongkong.\n\n1\n\n14. These remarks regard the use of the Troops as an internal security to the Island, but as concerns protection from an external enemy, the principal source of danger, we have it laid down by Lord Stanley at the foundation of the Colony (November 1843) that this is dependent mainly on our Naval superiority, while the Committee on Colonial Military Defences have said that \"so far as assistance from the Mother Country is concerned, the chief thing which most of our Colonies must look to for defence against Foreign enemies is our Navy.\"\n\n15. Moreover, Hongkong being the only British territory on the Coast of China, and the presence of a Naval Squadron here being a permanent and not a temporary necessity, as is the case with the Military, one half of whom are at this moment engaged on foreign soil, it follows that Hongkong must be the Head Quarters of the Navy in the China Seas, and hence a closer connection must exist between the Colony and the Navy than between the Colony and the Army.\n\n16. My inference from this is that if a claim on Colonial Funds be advanced, it should be made on account of the Naval Squadron rather than the Military Garrison.\n\n17. In support of this view, I may mention that when it became necessary in June last to look to the defences of the Colony, it was to the Admiral and not to the General that I applied, and the only branch of the Military Service which it was proposed to employ was the Artillery to man the Batteries suggested and selected by the Commanding Royal Engineer, of which I shall say more presently.\n\n18. But putting aside the use of the Troops, or rather granting that they are here for local purposes or that they will be in future made more use of locally (in which case I presume the same control over them would be given to the Governor as is given in Ceylon), it yet forms a question in view of the two facts—1. that the Colony was founded in furtherance of an Imperial purpose and its Garrison is maintained for \"general national objects\" [Mr Elliot's memorandum]. 2. that the Imperial trade for the encouragement of which it was founded, is so important financially to the Mother Country that one item alone (the Tea Duties) furnishes, or did recently furnish a tithe of the whole Imperial Revenue—whether the local resources of this Colony should be impounded to the certain hindrance of its advancement and success.\n\n19. Before proceeding to the second point, I would remark on the argument used that Hongkong has cost the Mother Country £273,000 during the first fourteen years of its existence. If the Mother Country wanted an establishment like Hongkong and by establishing it, it is proved that she did want it, she could only get it by paying for it or by making others pay for it, and this last she did. Up to the end of 1846, the (necessarily nominal) Parliamentary Grants were really stopped out of the Indemnity Fund extracted from the Chinese Government under the Nanking Treaty. Though nominally voted by Parliament, no portion of it came out of the pocket of the Taxpayer of the British Isles, and in the years that intervened from 1846 to the date of the cessation of the Parliamentary Grant, the sums voted were insignificant compared with the enormous Revenue derived by Great Britain and India from the China Trade, for the encouragement of which, as I have said before, the Colony of Hongkong was established.\n\n20. Earl Grey when Secretary of State for the Colonies (Despatch No.94 of 3rd February 1849) distinctly absolved the Colony from all responsibility for the sums expended on it previously to 1st April 1848, and since then the sums granted have amounted only to £130,900, or less than half of what is now brought up against it.\n\n21.\n\nLet us now turn to the second principal question which I have proposed. Is this Military contribution warranted by the financial condition of the Colony?\n\n22. Our estimated Surplus at the present moment is a little over $440,000, while the Surveyor General has handed me the enclosed memorandum of the works in progress and under contemplation; it will be seen that they, amounting to $482,371, more than absorb the entire surplus and still have no reference to Kowloon, necessary extension of Roads, Drains, Repairs, &c., on each and all of which the expenditure will be considerable.\n\n23. But it may be said this is the existent surplus, and as it has grown, it doubtless will grow; I enclose in correction of such a notion a Return showing the Premium on Land sold during the last ten years, and this, it must be borne in mind, is the main source of the Surplus; it will be seen that the large amount in hand is the produce of Premium during the 3 years 1860, 1861, and 1862, while during the current year 1863, so completely has this source of Revenue been exhausted that the following result is shown.\n\n1860. 1861. 1862. 1863.\n\n$94,342. $167,536. $142,602. $6,490.\n\n24. I should add that the Estimate for 1863 from Premium on Land was $72,000; and I presume that this high figure was calculated with reference to Kowloon, no intelligence of the settlement of which has reached the Colony up to this date; but however this may be, the fact is evident that less than an eleventh of the Estimate for the year has been realized, and that Premium on land will not henceforward be so profitable a source of Revenue as it has been.\n\n25. Thus much as to Receipt; as to disbursement, I would note that the Surplus in past years has not been used principally owing to the inadequacy of the Surveyor General's Department for undertaking the necessary Public Works; the money therefore has remained in hand (or I should say at interest) but it has not the less been forestalled and unavailable, and is still so.\n\n26. And here I may call attention to the memorandum above enclosed of Public Works proposed and certainly required, and especially to the Mint and to the two Gaols in Victoria and on Stone Cutters Island. Of the Mint, I would only say that the benefit to be derived from it, so far as I can see, though I admit I write without a perfect knowledge of the subject, will be entirely or mainly Imperial, while as to the Gaols, I would point out that their inmates are not properly speaking people belonging to the Colony, but chiefly pirates, and Chinese belonging to the mainland and that while their punishment is a sequence of our accidental position, and in aid of those general public interests for the conservation and furtherance of which I assume the Colony to have been originally founded, the heavy expense of the custody and maintenance of these criminals falls altogether upon the Revenues of Hongkong.\n\n15\n\n107",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-100 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [9].txt",
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        "id": 273274,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-129 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "CO129-129 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# Petition to British Parliament against Military Contribution by Hong Kong Reform Association\n\n## Extract from the \"Daily Press\" of 28 December, 1867\n\nTo the Honourable the COMMONS OF THE UNITED KINGDOM, in Parliament assembled:\n\nThe HUMBLE PETITION of the Under-signed Residents in the COLONY OF HONGKONG:\n\nSHEWETH :----\n\nTHAT the charge upon the revenues of this colony of £20,000 a year, as a military contribution, in aid of the expenses incurred upon the British Government by the maintenance of troops in China, has proved to be a burden, which the colonial finances are unable to bear: Three years ago, when the contribution was imposed, these finances were in a sound and prosperous condition: On the 1st of January, 1865, the surplus of assets over liabilities was £298,000, while in the beginning of 1867 there was only a nominal surplus of $24,000 shown on the public accounts: This sum moreover was so far from being available, that the Government was driven to use, for current expenditure, money belonging to suitors in the Supreme Court, and when this was called for, to borrow $100,000 from the local bank at a high rate of interest.\n\nTHAT the considerations which induced the Duke of Newcastle to demand a military contribution of £20,000 a year from Hongkong, are expressed in a dispatch from his Grace to Mr. Mercer, then Acting Governor of Hongkong, dated September 5th, 1863, in which he says: \"Although I am aware that the receipts from Land sales may be expected to fall off, I think it undeniable that the general financial position of Hongkong is, and is likely to remain in a highly sound and prosperous state; I can hardly doubt that exclusive of the balance in hand amounting, as I have said, to £98,000, there will be an annual sum of £30,000 or £40,000 available for public works, and what may be called extraordinary purposes.\"\n\nIn a succession of dispatches extending over the next twelve months, Mr. Mercer and Sir Hercules Robinson remonstrated urgently against the proposed tax: They pointed out that the colony was not able to bear the burden imposed, and if it had been able could not justly be called on to do so: The troops stationed in Hongkong were sent out here because England's share in the foreign trade of China is estimated at over thirty millions sterling, \"because this trade is mostly carried on in British vessels from the open ports in China, at each of which we have British settlements and British subjects, for whom we claim exemption from territorial jurisdiction, because in the management of this vast trade, and in the Government of our own subjects scattered along the whole seaboard of China, in the foreign settlements now 14 in number, we are necessarily brought into constant intercourse with the Chinese government, and there can be no doubt that the presence of a small body of troops somewhere nearer China than India has an excellent effect in averting difficulties, while they form a base of operations if misunderstandings should unfortunately arise.\" Sir H. Robinson declared the troops superfluous as far as the safety of Hongkong was concerned, and undertook to be responsible for the maintenance of good order in the colony, with the aid of the local police force alone. He also pointed out that the military authorities occupied land in the centre of the town, which if it could be resumed by the colony, would let for £10,000 a year, so that in a pecuniary sense the community were positively losers rather than gainers, by the presence of the troops. The colony in fact was established not for the purposes of colonisation, or for the advantage of future colonists, but solely because it was considered \"it would be a convenience to the mother country on political and military grounds.\"\n\nTHAT in 1847 a committee of your honourable House reported in reference to Hongkong: \"Nor do we think it right that the burden of maintaining that which is rather a post for general influence, and the protection of the general trade in the China seas, than a colony in the ordinary sense, should be thrown in any degree on the Merchants or other persons, who may be resident upon it.\" The committee on Military defences in the colonies (1860) include Hongkong by implication amongst those Military posts in which garrisons are \"maintained for objects altogether independent of and distinct from the defence of the particular countries in which they are situated,\" and the committee were of opinion, \"that as these garrisons are maintained without reference to the wants and wishes of the inhabitants, they should be dealt with exceptionally, and not included in any general scheme of colonial contribution.\" Again, so late as in 1861, the select committee of your Hon. House on Colonial Military expenditure, included Hongkong in the class of Military garrisons, naval stations, convict depots, maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial policy the responsibility and main cost of the defence of which properly devolve on the Imperial government.\n\nTHAT in reference to the capacity of Hongkong to pay the £20,000 a year, it will be seen the Duke of Newcastle had argued that a surplus revenue from £30,000 to £40,000 a year might be reckoned on by Hongkong in future. Sir H. Robinson earnestly strove to convince his Grace that he was mistaken, and that this surplus could not be anticipated. Events, as your petitioners have shown, have justified the arguments of the late governor. The Duke of Newcastle, however, declined to alter his opinion on the subject, and wrote: \"It is impossible for me to doubt that the security given to the inhabitants, and trade of Hongkong by the presence of H.M. forces, would be cheaply purchased by an annual payment of £20,000, and therefore I should not be doing justice to the inhabitants of this country, if I failed to require that the Imperial Treasury should be relieved to that extent, as soon as possible from the burden of supporting that force.\" While this correspondence was going forward, the colony was under pledge to invest £50,000 in building a Mint, which had been suggested by Sir H. Robinson as a means of benefiting the colony, and of saving a large sum lost on exchange to the Imperial Government. When the demand for a Military Contribution was made, Sir H. Robinson stated that he would never have proposed the Mint, if he had been aware of the intention to impose this tax. He therefore urged that the £50,000 might be regarded as Military Contribution paid in advance, and be looked on as an advance from the Home Government on account of the Mint, to be repaid as the expected profits should accrue. Mr. Cardwell, however, into whose hands this suggestion fell, would not \"allow the payment to be encumbered by any circuitous arrangement with the British Treasury.\" The colony was thus required not only to pay the Military Contribution, but to expend in another direction its accumulated surplus capital, by the sacrifice of which it might otherwise have staved off for a few years, the embarrassments by which it has now been overtaken.\n\nTHAT remonstrances having proved of no avail, the Governor under compulsion brought the proposed vote before the Legislative Council: Official members, who are not at liberty to vote in opposition to orders from the Colonial office (see Sir H. Robinson's dispatch, Sept. 7th, 1864), are in a large majority on this Council, and the vote was consequently passed, but the Council immediately afterwards passed, by a majority of eight to one, a resolution declaring the maintenance of troops in Hongkong was necessary for the protection of Colonial Interests. A public meeting was then held, and a memorial to the Secretary of State for the colonies, deprecating the contribution and signed by nearly the whole mercantile community was...",
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        "id": 286205,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-154 - Public Offices - 1871",
        "page_number": 161,
        "title": "CO129-154 - Public Offices - 1871",
        "content_text": "## The Globe, FRIDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1870\n\n### AT HOME\n\nThe year 1870 will be chiefly memorable for the vast and complicated questions of foreign policy which have arisen out of the war between France and Prussia, and for the great measures of domestic reform which have been either accomplished or attempted by the Legislature. The story of the period at home is neither very exciting nor momentous. It has been big with promises and sonorous with the sound of words, but the actual results have been very small in comparison with the noise and the shadows on its account.\n\nThe policy of the present Government with regard to our colonies was, on more than one occasion, discussed with great, but by no means exaggerated, solicitude. Nevertheless, in spite of the many engrossing arguments which were urged against that policy, the British public were not satisfied. The success of the enterprise was undoubted, but would have been far greater if it had been fully carried out. Take the case of the property and assessed taxes for sample: their total amount smooth like £12,112,000; and £1,801,007 was collected in the first quarter of 1870, only a sixth part.\n\nThe Parliamentary session of the past year was remarkable for the number of measures with which the Legislature was seized, but which at last were laid aside without effecting any great change or realising the hopes of perhaps too ardent reformers. Foremost among the wrecks of former good or bad contributions for the public good was the Ballot Bill. Whatever else failed, this measure was guaranteed to change the condition of the United Kingdom.\n\nThe system of retrenchment inaugurated by the Government has been largely dependent for success on the state of the money market, and particularly the metropolis. Mr. Gladstone's financial policy has presented many subjects which may give rise to reasonable anxiety. We have not yet emerged from the ordeal of reconstruction into which the country was plunged when he assumed the conduct of its affairs with a model loud-sounding pledge to reform all abuses.\n\nThe declaration of war between France and Prussia took place without giving Parliament time to consider the state of the finances. The commercial system has been the subject of anxious consideration, and we have had occasion to retrace two panics of considerable magnitude within a short period. The financial events of the year have been calculated to continue confidence in its steps, until the outbreak of the war between France and Germany.\n\nThe position of affairs on the Continent has demanded the adoption of strong measures for the protection of our own defences. The fact that our trade and commerce are so largely affected by the disturbance of other Powers is a serious consideration. The system of secret voting, which professed to ensure to every voter perfect freedom, has been criticised for depriving the voter of the power to prove how they have voted.\n\nThe tax-paying public will do well to prepare for a surplus or deficit, as the case may be. The experiment of collecting taxes in advance has been tried, and the result has been a surplus of £1,782,629 at the end of March, 1870.\n\nThe Education Act has left successive Governments with the task of carrying out its provisions. The Licensing system remains to be reformed. The measures adopted by the Government have not been productive of great results, but it is hoped that the future may be more promising.\n\n### (REUTER'S TELEGRAMS.)\n\n**REPUBLICAN DISTURBANCES APPREHENDED IN SPAIN.**\n\nMADRID, December 27, 7 p.m. Republican battalions of the National Militia of Madrid have refused to be present at the review to celebrate the inauguration of the King next Sunday. Their commanders have been dismissed. It is feared that Republican disturbances will take place at Madrid.\n\n**REVOLUTION AT THE DIAMOND FIELDS.**\n\nAGRA, December 30. The Union Company's steamer Saxon arrived at the Cape, but the news is old, dating back to November 2.\n\n### THE WAR.\n\n(AZOFF'S TELEGRAMS.)\n\nA vote of censure in the Spanish Cortes by 200 votes against the Government was passed by 141 votes.\n\nThe Bank return is only remarkable as indicating the temporary effect of the change in the distribution of money just preceding the close of the year.\n\nThe Count Beustorff is about forwarding articles for the wounded and for the French prisoners to Germany.\n\nOfficial news has been received from Paris by the **MONEY MARKET THIS DAY.**\n\nThe consignment of Mr. John Robert Davison, M.P., Q.C., is gazetted this evening.\n\nTo-Night's appointments notify that the Queen has been pleased to appoint Mr. James W. Taylor as Consul for the United States and Mr. Alexander Speed Webster as Consul at New South Wales.\n\nA COMMITTEE is stated by a contemporary to have been appointed with Captain Donoughant, R.E., M.P., a Lord Chancellor's visitor, and others to carry out experiments on the utilisation of balloons for reconnaissance purposes.\n\nROCHE-SUR-YON, December 29. The consecration of the Smithfield Martyrs Memorial Church has been indefinitely postponed.\n\nOfficial news received from Paris states that the Prussians made a furious attack upon Nogent, Rosny, and the forts of Avron, posting their siege batteries, and attempting a bombardment. They were repulsed with considerable loss.\n\nThe Duke of Cambridge is still unable to attend at the Horse Guards through an attack of gout.\n\n### OCCUPATION OF MONT AVRON.\n\nThe following movements in the Civil Service are announced in the Civilian to-day.\n\nThe Bank has been enabled to make large advances with very little strain upon the Reserve.\n\nThe principal changes in the Bank Return are: \n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Increase in Circulation | £4,307 |\n| Increase in Public Deposits | £50,180 |\n| Increase in Other Deposits | £1,291,753 |\n| Increase in Other Securities | £120,011 |\n| Decrease in Bullion | £23,738,086 |\n| Decrease in Reserve of Notes and Coin | £214,111 |\n\nThe Stock Markets are firm, but quiet.\n\nConsols are unaltered, at 91 1/8 to 91 3/8.\n\nForeign Stocks are firmer.\n\nRailway Shares are quiet.\n\nThe new halfpenny post has necessitated a large addition to the staff of the Circulation branch of the Post Office.\n\nA MAN named John Carlyle was tried before Lord Cowan in the Glasgow Circuit Court yesterday for the murder of Derwent Hughes.\n\nThe jury returned a verdict of culpable homicide, but recommended the prisoner to the leniency of the Court.\n\n### THE TRADE OF 1870.\n\nThe year is drawing to an end, and we are now in possession of the statistics prepared by the Board of Trade.\n\nWith regard to our import trade, we find that last month the number was much larger than in the corresponding period of the previous year.\n\nOur imports of wheat were very low, amounting to only 201,720 qrs.\n\nThe supplies of bacon and ham have greatly fallen off.\n\nThe import of cotton has slackened.\n\nThe import of wool is coming in slowly in increasing quantities.\n\nThe official Prussian Moniteur de Sains et Crais, published at Versailles, says that the Bordeaux Government is disposed to conclude peace with Germany.\n\nThe reply of the Austrian Government to the last despatch of Count Beust was delivered yesterday in Paris.\n\nThe Admiralty has ordered modifications in the rig of the Iron Dukes.\n\nWe regret to announce the death of Mr. Philip Hardwick, who was the architect and designer of the new hall and library of the Goldsmiths' Company.\n\nThe attank consists of two 25-ton 18-ton guns.\n\nGeneral Faidherbe's head-quarters were yesterday at Bapaume.\n\nA telegram from Versailles says that on the 30th the Army resumed the siege of Péronne.\n\nReprisals are now the order of the day among the French troops in the east.\n\nA correspondent from the region of Saône-et-Loire says that two Francs-Tireurs have been hung by the Prussians.\n\nSIR J. Neeld, Bart., has presented the Rev. Charles Ward to the rectory of Churchstow.\n\nMARSHAL PRIM, according to a Madrid telegram, is recovering from his wounds.",
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        "id": 304626,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 569,
        "title": "CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "587 \n\nto be laid before the **L.S.S.** for their \n\n2. The **R. Commission** \n\non the defence of \n\n**British Possessions &** \n\n**Commerce abroad** \n\nCopies of two dispatches \n\nfrom the Governor of \n\nHongkong reporting \n\nthe steps which he has \n\ntaken for the appointment \n\nof a local Committee \n\nto consider and report \n\nas to the possibility \n\nof supplementing from \n\nlocal sources the \n\nImperial forces usually \n\nstationed in that \n\nColony. \n\nCopies of these despatches \n\nhave been communicated \n\nto the **R. Com**\" \n\nand I am to say \n\nthat the arrangements \n\nfor the appointment \n\nof the Committee will be found at page 28 \n\n(`7936`) of the printed paper **Miscellaneous No. 20.38** containing further \n\nCorrespondence respecting Colonial Defences. \n\nIs drawn",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-185 - Acting Governor Marsh Governor Hennessy - 1879 [6-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 305526,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 267,
        "title": "CO129-187 - Governor Hennessy - 1880 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## Defence of Hong Kong, apart from Torpedo work\n\nI beg to refrain from sending answers as I do not feel in a position to answer them satisfactorily. The small amount of experience gained by being a year on the station would, I think, be of no value to the Committee, and I have no soldier-like knowledge whatever of Chinese.\n\nI venture to think there should be at least one Fort with Heavy guns, where the base of the Torpedo defences should be.\n\nThanking the Committee for taking me into their confidence to the extent they have,\n\nI beg to remain,\n\nYour Obedient Servant,\nCharles Grey Robison\n\n**Secret & Confidential Committee, R.A.**\n\nForwarded to the Chairman of the Committee with a request that it be circulated to the other members.\n\nMemorandum 26\n\n**Confidential**\n\nWith reference to the list of questions forwarded to me in your communication of the 24th ultimo, I feel that any answers which I might tender would be of a speculative rather than of a practical or useful kind.\n\nWith reference to the legal question of the legislation necessary to establish an auxiliary Volunteer Force in Hong Kong, I think that when the scheme is matured, an Order for His Majesty in Council might be the most convenient.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nYour obedient Servant\n\nPage 120\nPage 263",
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    {
        "id": 309685,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 346,
        "title": "CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "Governor.\n\nCunessy\n\nDate.\n\n1801 7 Sep.\n\nLast previous Paper.\n\n3140\n\nHongKong\n\n16027\n\nNo.\n\n(Subject.)\n\nDESPATCH,\n\n16027\n\nRECEIVED\n\nREGR 8 SEP 81\n\n343\n\nArrival of Colonel Crossman\n\nreports, and that a Committee on the Defences is not needed.\n\nSee Secret no. 137.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\n2.\n\nTo Admy cons on. 12 Sep\n\nTelegram in cypher\n\nAdn\n\n76503.\n\n6rms. 4 | 81-H & S 626)\n\nMr Meade\n\nNoted in\n\nfor 8191\n\nDefence Book\n\nColonel Crossman's mission (3665) was not intended to supersede\n\nthe appointment of the Committee referred to in despatch of 5 June (8966) Telegraph to Governor to\n\nappoint Committee\n\nand\n\nThe wishes of the\n\ndirected\n\nM 9/9\n\nWar Office & Defence Commission\n\nmust be carried out by Sir Charles\n\nBrunker not\n\nwith the Governor but with the Colonial Military & local office",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-194 - Governor Hennessy Administrator Tonnochy - 1881 [8-9].txt",
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    {
        "id": 309927,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 53,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "52\n\nthe present area\n\nThe removal of ---\n\nteahouses would\n\nalso place at the disposal of-\n\nthe Oberry valuable building\n\nthe Kennedy Road.\n\nland acting\n\n• As regards the\n\nMilitary and Colonial requirements,\n\nI think the proposed changes not beneficial to\n\nboth Departments;\n\nand\n\nto the\n\nrequirements for the Navy\n\nI do not pretend to give\n\nmy opinion\n\nI have included the\n\nNaval yard\n\nin the scheme proposed; I have\n\nhowever forwarded confidentially\n\na copy of this letter to the Commander\n\nThe estimate of cost-\n\nis a very rough\n\none, but should Your Excellency\n\nthink the\n\nproposal\n\nworthy of\n\nfurther consideration, I recommend\n\nthat in the first place the\n\nCommittee on Defences be requested\n\nto give their opinion as to\n\nadvisability of concentrating the\n\nNaval and Military Establishments\n\non the site I have marked\n\nIf they approve of\n\nthe proposal\n\nbelow,\n\nNaval\n\n2 2 2 1 7\n\nv i Jy",
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    {
        "id": 311437,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 458,
        "title": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "I have read and carefully considered the Report, but I see no reason to modify the views I ventured to express to Her Majesty's Government as to the defence of Hongkong in my despatches of March 1880 and 15th January, 18th March and 15th of June, 1881.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nMy Lord,\nYour Lordship's Most Obedient Humble Servant,\n\n\"Confidential.\nReport\nC.O. 6472\nRECP\nREGE 12 APR 82.\n\nThe Committee has considered the various defensive measures proposed for the defence of Hongkong and the Members are decidedly of opinion, that it will be necessary to convert the Harbour into a secure sort of Refuge. Schemes for \"modifying the existing defences,\" and for \"Constituting a Dépôt denied to the enemy,\" are not considered in this Paper.\n\nThe reasons for the above decision are shortly as follows: On account of its...",
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    {
        "id": 311439,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 460,
        "title": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "459\n\nBatumis in order as they accur in the Memorandum of the Inspector General. They are as follows:-\n\n1. The Batteries.\n2. The Gunboats and submarine defences.\n3. The Infantry Boats.\n4. The Force of 200 Cavalry.\n5. The Disposition of the Troops.\n6. The Armament proposed.\n7. A summary of the Estimates.\n8. General remarks.\n\n1. The Batteries.\n\nHowloon Dock Battery - \nThe Committee proposes that this armament should be four heavy guns, and to secure uniformity in the stores it is considered that all of them should be 10 inch guns.\n\nCommencing from the West end of the Battery the first two guns firing in opposite directions, (viz., to the N.E. and to the S.W.) would be directed on Howloon Bay and Causeway Bay. No. 3 gun would have a lateral range from Kowloon City round to...",
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    },
    {
        "id": 311444,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 465,
        "title": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "464 \n\nKowloon West Battery. Before taking into consideration the works at Kowloon West it will be convenient to finish with the defences for this Eastern entrance of the Harbour.\n\n\"To complete the system already proposed, the committee recommend that another battery armed with two 9 inch R.M.L. Guns should be placed at the S.E. corner of the Peninsula of Kowloon. The site is 100 feet above the sea and it is called \"Kowloon East\". The guns would be directed on the channel between North Point and Kowloon Dock, and their fire would sweep the bay west of the latter point, and also the Bay without any risk of damage to the Town or Shipping. The Battery should be closed in rear, and accommodation could be provided for the Gun detachments in the adjoining Barrack.\n\nWith regard to Kowloon West.... The Committee is of opinion that the Battery at this point should be entirely remodelled. It is at present armed with 3 - 7 inch R.B.L. Guns, and it is proposed to substitute 3-10 inch guns & 1-64 pr.\n\nThe Battery should thus be enclosed & furnished with an interior garrison with field guns for the land defence of the position. It is considered that when",
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    {
        "id": 311446,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 467,
        "title": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "## Stone Cutters Island\n\nThe position assigned to the Battery at Stone Cutter's best is, the Committee considers, one of great importance for the protection of the Western Entrance of the Harbour. Consequently, they recommend that the site should be lowered 50 feet and made large enough to take 3-10 inch 2-quick guns.\n\nAn armament of ... is held to be sufficient for Stone Cutters Central Battery. As regards Stone Cutter's East, the two guns in that position would undoubtedly be more effective if they were placed on the top of Cosmopolitan Dock Hill, on the Kowloon peninsula. However, it is desirable to concentrate as far as possible the defences of Hong Kong and of Stone Cutter's Island, and on this account, the Committee has adopted the site at Stone Cutter's East in preference to that on the mainland. In rear of this Battery, which will be armed with 2-inch R.M.L., will be placed a defensible Barrack for 200 men, and the site of the Colonial Jail on ... Fault offers a good position for the Sub-marine Mining Establishment.\n\nThe cost of the works as above would be;\n\nPage 466 \n\n| Item | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n|  | Stone Cutters West |",
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    {
        "id": 311539,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 560,
        "title": "CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "559 \n\nThe Gauti Point from a proposed \n\nTani \n\nBattery \n\nto be erected on \n\n500 yards to the one last \n\npresent Station.\n\n6. As a member of the Defence Committee I had the opportunity of asking Colonel Crease R.A., when standing near the proposed site, whether the MALAN building would interfere with the defences, and it was then his opinion that it would not.\n\nWith reference to the verandahs, it would not be better to substitute brick for the contemplated iron verandahs, but I am informed that the iron verandahs would be cheaper.\n\n(signed) Mr. Beane, Captain & Superintendent of Police.\n\n26th January, 1882.\n\nStructural plans alluded to in the 2nd paragraph of letter, and only doubt is whether...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-197 - Governor Hennessy - 1882 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 319902,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 457,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "$523. \n\nAn excellent site for a battery, the opposite of the Western Entrance is found at Passir Panjang, near Berlayer Point; and Passir Panjang battery should be constructed.\n\n| 3-10\" frus | 13-54 Pr | 26,745 |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| ... | ... | ... |\n| nament 10,796 | 15,000 | ... |\n\nAs proposed by the Committee, a work to mount 3-10\" Guns and 2-6\" Prs, heavy guns to bear upon the approaches by sea, and the lighter guns to flank the line of land defences towards the North Western spur of Mount Faber. \n\nIn addition, an austere 6\" Pr should be placed somewhat in rear of battery to bear on the minefield.\n\nThis battery being on the extreme left of the land defence...\n\n# \nPage 366",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 319987,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "page_number": 542,
        "title": "CO129-205 - Public Offices - 1882",
        "content_text": "# Lletttt 5 \n\n## Auxiliary Corps. \n\n7. The other officers--Lieutenants FRIEND and HANNAY--were very pleased with the men, and were of the opinion that, if formed into a militia, they would be very valuable as an auxiliary corps. \n\n## Number of trained men required. \n\n8. On the experience of this practice, I would therefore now suggest for the defence of Singapore :-- \n\n* 2 Officers of the Royal Engineers, \n* 16 trained Non-Commissioned Officers and Men of the Royal Engineers, and \n* 30 native boatmen.\n\nTwo Officers I consider absolutely necessary for the following reasons : \n(1) The few number of trained men. \n(2) That one Officer should be on shore and one in the launch when laying mines. \n(3) That each firing station should have an Officer. \n(4) That in case of a casualty through fever or death, there is one left to carry on the scheme of defence. \n\nSixteen trained Non-Commissioned Officers and men of the Royal Engineers are the least number, I think, with which an efficient defence could be carried out. With 14 men during the practice we found ourselves continually shorthanded. If a section of the Submarine Mining Company could be spared, it would not be too much to ask for. \n\n## Auxiliary Corps. \n\n9. The 30 Malays would be formed as an Auxiliary Corps, and could be used in manning the boats and in laying out and picking up the mines. The establishment of boats would be manned by Malays thus: \n| Boat Type | Engine-driver | Stokers | Coxwains | Men |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2 Launches | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 |\n| 1 Torpedo Lighter | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 |\n| 2 Pinnaces |  |  | 2 | 4 |\n| 3 Gigs or Dinghies |  |  | 3 | 6 |\n| Total | 3 | 3 | 8 | 16 (but actually 20 Men as per pay details) |\n\nThe pay would be as follows: \n* 3 Engine-drivers, @ $25 month--$75 \n* 3 Stokers, @ $15 --$45 \n* 4 Coxwains, @ $15 --$60 \n* 20 Men, @ $10 --$200 \nTotal, $380 $1,520 $150 ..$1,670 \nClothing for Malays @ $5 each, $150 \nTotal cost of 30 Natives for 4 months, $1,670 + $150 = $1,820 \nor £306.3.4 at 3/8 the dollar.\n\nTo keep the men in the place, I would suggest that they report themselves on the 1st of every month to the Royal Engineers' Officer, and should receive a small sum, say a dollar, for doing so.\n\nE. F. RHODES, Lieut., R.E., \nCommanding Royal Engineers \nand Superintending Submarine Mining, Singapore, 14th February, 1881. \n\n## proposes.\n\n(Subject.) \n**Defences.**\n\n| Date | Previous Paper | \n| --- | --- | \n| 1882- April 21 | Bang Ring Nu 6729 |\n\n## (Minutes.)\n\nMr Ebden \nThe previous papers were sent a short time ago to gan.\n\nMr Meach \n8.W. I. 15 ap? \nM 537 noted \nWHB \nwo \n\n(1) A committee of Colonial Military and Naval officers was appointed as suggested. Their Report has been received `3489/8/1` and has been communicated to the B.D.C. who have been requested to furnish us with copies, when printed, for communication `7893` to The W.O. and Admiralty de \n\n(2) In the mean time the W.O. sent `2 | 82-II & 3 1730` \n`5949 19`",
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    {
        "id": 324482,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 514,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "WAR OFFICE,\n\n1-MAY 1883\n\nSir,\n\nWith reference to your letter dated 20 January 1883 forwarding for the consideration of the Secretary of State for War a copy of a despatch from the Governor of Hongkong suggesting that the Kowloon gardens leases of 14 years should be exchanged on certain conditions for Rural building leases for 75 years;\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acquaint you for the information of the Earl of Derby that in the Reports of the local Defence Committee, and of Colonel Brine, R.E. (who was specially deputed to report on the defences of the Colonial Ports) it is recommended that the space between the dotted blue line...\n\nIt is requested that in any further communication on this subject, the above Number may be quoted; and the Letter addressed to-\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for War,\n\nWar Office, Pall Mall,\n\nLondon, (S.W.)\n\n20339 FZ\n\nIS MAY 1883\n\n500\n\nPage ...\n\nE.A.\n\n21.M\n\nD. May 21.\n\nHongkong 809\n\n...\n\nQurl. Amay 18. Am 2075\n\n...\n\n \n\nHowever, to follow the exact format requested in the prompt which is HTML using  for paragraphs, the corrected version is already provided above. Let's reformat the initial part to make more sense and follow the rules.\n\nMilitary Kowloon \n\nChart mets \n\n...\n\nbe taken \n\nto securing \n\nWater supplies.\n\nQurl. April 18. Am 2075 \n\nE.A. \n\n21.M \n\nD. May 21.\n\non \n\nHongkong \n\n809 \n\nIt is requested that in any further communication on this subject, the above Number may be quoted; and the Letter addressed to-\n\nThe Under Secretary of State for War,\n\nWar Office, Pall Mall,\n\nLondon, (S.W.)\n\n20339 FZ\n\nIS MAY 1883\n\n500\n\nWAR OFFICE,\n\n1-MAY 1883\n\nWith reference to your letter dated 20 January 1883 forwarding for the consideration of the Secretary of State for War a copy of a despatch from the Governor of Hongkong suggesting that the Kowloon gardens leases of 14 years should be exchanged on certain conditions for Rural building leases for 75 years;\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acquaint you for the information of the Earl of Derby that in the Reports of the local Defence Committee, and of Colonel Brine, R.E. (who was specially deputed to report on the defences of the Colonial Ports) it is recommended that the space between the dotted blue line...\n\nThe Under Secretary of State\n\nColonial Office.",
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    {
        "id": 325047,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 307,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "12\n\n....\n\nrespecting the fortification of this important Naval and Military Station, and great mart of Commerce.\n\nI have the honour to be\n\nMy Lord, Your Lordship's Most Obedient\n\nHumble servant,\n\nH.M. Bowen\n\nEnclosure\n\n305\n\nLetter from Major-General Sargent, C.B.S., to the War Office-\n\nC.O.\n\nRead Quart 08066\n\nRECO\n\nHong Kong, 5th Feb. 1852\n\nIt is now more than two years ago since the local Defence Committee and Lieutenant Governor sent in their report on Defences of Hong Kong, but nothing as yet has been done to carry out their recommendations.\n\nThere seems to be no immediate prospect of any money being granted by the Home Government, unless there should be another scare, in which case the necessary work would be sanctioned by the Secretary of State for War,\n\nWar Office,\n\nLondon.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4].txt",
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    {
        "id": 328228,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 3,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "# \n## Despatch Date. | Subject.\n28 Apr. | Spanish Subjects residents in Hongkong. Compulsory vaccination among the Chinese. Closing of Radivostock by Russia. Occupation of Port Hamilton by England.\n2 May | Annual Inspection of the Police Corpo. Defences.\n2 May | Receipts & Expenditure 1884 - Assets + Liabilities. Defences.\n| Gaol Returns, 1884. Extract from Chinese newspaper re relations between England & Russia. Trade with Singapore.\n| Ordinance 9 of 1885. State of the Prisons. Direct cable with Singapore. Exercise of Admiralty jurisdiction.\n18 | Ordinance 10 of 1885. Educational Reports, 1884.\n20 | Tytam Waterworks.\n21 | Ordinance 4 of 1885.\n22 | \n| Ordinance 12 of 1885. Ordinance 8. Case of Chan Tion. Bill to prevent abuses connected with Children's adoption & Domestic Service.\n| Issue of One Dollar notes. Hongkong & Shanghai Bank. Ordinance 4 of 1885. Fees charged for Bills of Health. Fugitive Offenders Act, 1881. - Part II. Spirit Farm. Occupation of Port Hamilton.\n3 June | Amount of unexpended balance. Imperial Federation. Position of the Attorney General - Question of private practice.\n| Ordinance 15 of 1885. Kowloon Leaseholds. Payments in excess of Estimates, 1884-5.\n4 | Prop? Local Defence Committee.\n15 | \n16 | \n17 | \n| Military pension of General Att Gordon. Effect of French Chinese war on the Chinese nation. Prop. Peace Preservation Ordinance. Amount of unexpended balance. Sale of securities. Payments in respect of Eastern Mail Service. Leave to visit Japan.\n24 | \n## \n| 197 | 199 | 29 | 202 | 130 | \n| 205 | 206 | 209 | 210 | 213 | \n| 217 | 218 | 220 | 222 | 223 | \n| 225 | 231 | 233 | 235 | 237 | \n| 240 | 243 | 244 | 247 | 250 | \n| 251 | 253 | 254 | 259 Conf. | 267 | \n| 269 | 271 | 272 | 273 | 280 | \n| 281 | 270 |",
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    {
        "id": 328241,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "other men-of-war, together with four torpedo-boats, and a large provision of submarine mines. I may add that I have recently received a letter from the highest official military authority in England, in which he writes that with the defensive power of various kinds already provided, or which will shortly be provided for this harbour, you should laugh to scorn the possible attacks of all other nations now in the China seas.\" (the shipwreck ...)\n\n\"I am sorry to be obliged to detain you so long; but must now tell you precisely what has already been done with regard to the two subjects referred to in the Resolution proposed by my hon. friend.\n\n(1.) The Government entirely agree that there ought to be direct telegraphic communication between Hongkong and Singapore. I have already communicated with the Imperial Government on this subject, both by telegraph and by despatch. I also brought it before the Executive Council, which, after full consideration, passed the following Minute --\n\nThe Council advise that in the present depressed state of the Colonial Revenue, it is impossible that this colony should give any substantial contribution towards a direct telegraphic cable to Singapore, which is desirable for Imperial rather than for Colonial, for naval and military rather than for commercial interests.\n\n\"I have communicated on this point also with the Acting Governor of the Straits Settlements, who informs me that his Government, like that of Hongkong, is unable to give any substantial aid to the proposed scheme.\n\nI was informed by the Manager of the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company that it would cost about £400,000, that is, about twice the total revenue of this colony, but I have been informed since that that is probably an extravagant estimate. However, it is quite possible the Imperial Government might be inclined to give a guarantee or to aid in some other way.\n\n(2.) With regard to the second point of the Resolution now before the Council, viz., the provision of a flotilla of torpedo-boats, I have already stated that Admiral Sir W. Dowell has informed me that four torpedo-boats, fully equipped, are attached to this harbour. After consultation with him, I have asked the Imperial Government, both by telegraph and despatch, to provide four more torpedo-boats, making eight in all, which the naval authorities consider amply sufficient. I may here add that the naval authorities believe that the Auxiliary Flotilla, formed of six of the steam-launches belonging to the Colonial Government, will afford very valuable aid. At my request, the Imperial Government has presented the Colony with a full equipment for this Flotilla of 7-pounder guns and Nordenfeldt machine-guns, and of rifles and revolvers for the crews, together with a large supply of ammunition.\n\n\"There are several other points connected with the subject of our Defences to which I should like to refer, if the Minute were not already longer than I intended. I should not omit, however, to mention that more than a year ago, I strongly recommended the increase of the Garrison by a considerable force of Artillery and another regiment of the line. As you are aware, a second battery of the Royal Artillery was sent out at once. It is impossible that, at the present crisis, a second battalion of English infantry should be spared; but I have been assured that arrangements have been made for sending here as soon as possible at least one regiment of Indian troops and two more batteries of Artillery, making four batteries in all.\n\nIn conclusion, I would observe that nothing can be further from my intention, in writing this Minute, than to claim any special credit for the constant, zealous, and successful efforts which I have made during the last two years for the improvement of our Defences. I feel that I have only discharged what is one of the first duties of the Governor of this Colony at the existing crisis.\"\n\nIf no other hon. gentleman wishes to address the Council I will now put the resolution to the vote, and I repeat that I hope it will be carried unanimously, for it is calculated to add force to the recommendations I have already made to the Imperial Government on the subject of which it treats.\n\nThe resolution was carried unanimously.\n\n# The consideration of this Bill in Committee was continued and was concluded with the exception of the repealing Clause, which was postponed.\n\n## Incorporation\n\n### INCORPORATION OF...\n\n### VICAR APOSTOLIC\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL--I now move the second reading of the Bill for the Incorporation of the Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic of Hongkong. I stated on the introduction of the Bill what the object of the measure was. Difficulties had risen in connection with the disposal of property held by the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith and by persons as trustees for that body, and an application was made by them to the effect that an Ordinance should be passed incorporating the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, and placing them in a position to deal with the property. That application was sanctioned by the Secretary of State, who authorised the introduction of a Bill such as that now before the Council. The principal points that were to be attended to were these, that the Bishop or Vicar Apostolic should be the person incorporated, or in the alternative a body of trustees to be appointed from time to time in some way prescribed by the Ordinance; it was to provide that property now held by the Sacred Congregation should pass to the corporation; also it was to empower the corporation to acquire and hold property for the Church of Rome, and to sell and dispose of property. All these directions are complied with in the three clauses of the Bill as it now stands. The assent of the Sacred Congregation to this measure has been obtained, and in a form which gives evidence of the satisfaction of that body, and the present Vicar Apostolic is constituted the first incorporation.\n\nHon. P. RYBYE--Was there not some objection raised some time ago about the title \"Vicar Apostolic of Hongkong?\" I would propose he be called the Vicar Apostolic of the Roman Catholic Church in Hongkong,\" not the Vicar Apostolic of Hongkong.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL--I think that would be more correct. The terms which I have used was the term suggested by the Secretary of State, and it seems to me it comes to very much the same thing--the Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic of Hongkong or the Vicar Apostolic of the Roman Catholic Church in Hongkong. HIS EXCELLENCY--But there is no territorial jurisdiction.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL--I understand there is.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY--If you say the Roman Catholic Vicar Apostolic in Hongkong it might be better.\n\nHon. T. JACKSON--I think there was some previous correspondence about this question, and I think it should be looked up.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL--The terms I have used here are the terms which long subsequent to any other correspondence were suggested by the Secretary of State.\n\nThe COLONIAL SECRETARY--There was some correspondence, but I have lost sight of it.\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL--I would ask the Council to assent to my motion, and before we go into Committee I undertake that these verbal alterations which have been suggested shall be considered, and I shall then be prepared to move the necessary amendments.\n\nThe Bill was then read a second time.\n\n## THE POST OFFICE ORDINANCE\n\nThe ATTORNEY-GENERAL gave notice that at the next meeting he would move the first reading of a Bill to amend the Post Office Ordinance.\n\n## ADJOURNMENT\n\nThe Council adjourned until Wednesday next.\n\nPage 15",
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        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "## 122 41\n\nGovernor,\n\nNo. win 259\nDate. 1885 June 4\n\n**Previous Paper,**\nNo. 10631 16857 W.o 85 IN ORG. BRO. Conson 4. Ale no. 2.5 5 Jan 86.\n\n**Subsequent Paper.**\nNo. Hong Kong No 12359\n\n**(Subject.)**\nDefences\n\n**DESPATCH.**\nC 0. 12359 REV ST (REGO 14 JUL 85)\n\nForwards copy comes with Eea Cameron advising on the advisability of Local Govt voting further own 54375 for. Remarks on method of raising it. Recommends formation of a local defense Committee.\n\n**(Minutes.)**\nMr Meade: As to the question referred to at End of this despt, see also para 3 despt. Before: Four desp in 15452. 7440 & this to W.O. and ask that we may be informed as soon as any decision is come to regarding the proposal to double the expenditure already contemplated on Defences.\n\nCapt. Clark to note. Gud 15 July\n\nBefore going away W. Johnson wrote 5:57 to Capt: Clarke for 15452.0 Caft:",
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        "document_key": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 463,
        "title": "CO129-221 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "# 461\n\nC.S.O. 230 of 1885, $54 of 1885, C.S.O. 858 of 1885, C.S.O. 688 of 1885, C.6.A. 849 of 1885.\n\n(4.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $240, being arrears of pay at the rate of $60 each for 1884 due to 4 Police Constables (No. 23, PATTERSON, No. 57, TAYLOR, No. 66, GORDON, and No. 84, SUTHERLAND), who have accepted the increase of pay under the new Regulations as to term of service for pension and remittances to England.\n\nThe Committee find this to be in accordance with Regulations, and recommend that the amount be voted.\n\n## SERVICES EXCLUSIVE OF ESTABLISHMENTS\n\n### Government Gardens and Plantations\n\n(5.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $3,000, being amount required to carry out certain contracts to which the Government is already pledged this year.\n\nThe Committee find that these contracts were made before the revision of the Estimates for the current year took place, by which a reduction of $4,000 was made in the amount set down for this expenditure. They recommend, therefore, that the amount now asked for be voted.\n\n### Police\n\n(6.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $6,998.81, for the supply of 300,510 rounds of MARTINI-HENRY Ammunition, required for the use of the Police and Volunteers.\n\nThe Committee find that on the recommendation of the Major-General Commanding it has been decided to increase the number of MARTINI-HENRY Cartridges allowed to the Police for practice from 50 to 150 rounds per annum for each man, and that some of the Ammunition will also be required for the use of the Volunteers. They also find that 50,000 rounds of this Ammunition will be taken over by the Shanghai Volunteers, on payment, and the amount will be credited to this account in due course. They therefore recommend that the sum asked for be voted.\n\n### Roads, Streets and Bridges\n\n(7.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $2,500, being the second instalment for new roads near the old Mahomedan Cemetery.\n\nThe Committee find that the construction of these roads will enable the Government to offer for sale several building sites, which will realise considerably more than the outlay on the roads; they therefore recommend that the amount be voted.\n\n### Miscellaneous Services\n\n(8.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $500, being the cost of apparatus for the testing of Coal-Gas.\n\nThe Committee find that it is necessary to have this apparatus for testing, from time to time, the quality of Gas supplied by the local Gas Company. They consider the sum reasonable, and recommend that the amount be voted.\n\nC.S.O. 841 of 1885.\n\n### Colonial Defences\n\n(9.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor recommending a vote for $1,200, being the equivalent of £220 at 3/8 per dollar, which Commodore MORANT has stated will be the approximate cost for fitting for torpedoes four steam launches.\n\nThe Committee find that the fitting of these launches with torpedoes is necessary for the defence of the Harbour, and recommend that the amount, which seems reasonable, be voted.\n\n(10.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Governor, recommending a vote of $181.80, being the equivalent at the rate of £50 per annum at 3/8 per dollar, from 1st April to 30th November 1885, as allowance to a Seaman Gunnery Instructor for the Hongkong Auxiliary Flotilla.\n\nThe Committee find that, for the efficient working of the Flotilla, it is necessary to have a competent Instructor, and they recommend that the amount, which seems reasonable, be voted.\n\nThe Committee adjourns sine die.\n\nRead and confirmed this 18th day of May, 1885.\n\nARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.\nW. H. MARSH, Chairman.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 357,
        "title": "CO129-223 - Governor Sir Bowen Acting Governor Marsh & Others - 1885 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n1 \n\nto \n\n356 \npratenue? was likely a table of contents or page numbering reference and is not relevant to the main text.\n\nThe text appears to be a historical document discussing the defences of coaling stations.\n\nresponsible to the Secretary of State for the defences of coaling stations, and their proposals are submitted to, discussed by, the Defence Committee over which His Royal Highness The Field Marshal Commanding in Chief presides, and a division of this responsibility would be very undesirable.\n\nThe War Office is in constant communication with the station, and all representations made by responsible officers there have always received the fullest consideration.\n\nThe Governor might be assured that, while local officers are always encouraged to give the fullest expression to their views, the final decision as to the scheme of defence to be adopted, the armaments to be supplied, and the works to be constructed remains always with the Secretary... \n\nIt seems like the text was cut off. However, based on the given instructions, the above is the proofread text in Markdown format.",
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        "id": 330164,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 26,
        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "## DESPATCH. \n\nC.3.0. 255 et 1683. 2.80. 1665 of 1885, 0.8.0. 1795 of 1885. C.8.0. 2400 of 1883. £.5.0. **Colonial Defences**.\n\n(10.) For cost of 7,680 rounds of Ammunition for the Nordenfeldt Gun on board the Charles May, £378.16.11 @ 3/8 = $2,066.44\n\n(11.) For fitting Nordenfeldt Guns into the boats of the Hongkong Auxiliary Flotilla Corps, £165.5.0 @ 3/6 = $578.28 (corrected to) £165.5.0 @ 3/6 = $483 (but the original $48 is likely an error, so keeping the original value is not possible; however, the original text has $48, so) $48\n\n(12.) For making 3 Trollies for the conveyance of Nordenfeldt Guns from Steam-launches to store, $120.00\n\nTotal: $2,066.44 + $48 + $120.00 = $2,234.44 (but the original has 415.28, which seems to be an unrelated number; the original text has .$ 415.28, and then rovernor. No., so it is not a total)\n\nGovernor.\n\nNo.\n\n(13.) For fitting machine gun to Police Steam-launch, No. 2, £72.0.6 @ 3/53 = $210.00 (but the original has harsh 25, which is not a valid number; the original text has harsh 25, and then 2100 of 1887, so) £72.0.6 @ 3/53 = $210.00 (keeping the original value for the year)\n\n2100 of 1887.\n\n(14.) For flags supplied by the Naval Yard, for the Auxiliary Flotilla, £8.0.6 @ 8/53 = $46.27 (but the original has @ 8/53; 3/6 or 3/8 are used elsewhere; however, the result $46.27 is kept as is)\n\nDate: 1886 Jan 25\n\nLast previous Paper: 0.8.0. 2309 of 1886.\n\n(16.) For building of a retaining wall to prevent landslip at the rear of Inland Lot 696, East of the Government Civil Hospital, $945.00\n\n6.8.0. 1874 of 1868. C.S.O. 1725 of 1885. .8.0. 2088 of 1885. C.8.0. 2600 of 1885. C.S.O. 1993 of 1883.\n\n## EXTRAORDINARY WORKS.\n\n(15.) For repairs to damages caused by the Rainstorms of the 8th and 12th June, 1885.\n\n(17.) For resumption by the Crown of Marine Lots 192, 280, and Sections 4 and B of Lot 193, in connexion with the proposed New Central Market, $37,000.00\n\nResolved that these Votes be approved.\n\nRead the papers in connexion with an application from the Student Apothecary at the Government Civil Hospital for an increase to his salary.\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary explains that it has been decided to revert to the old scheme, and arrangements are being made to employ another Student Apothecary.\n\nResolved that, under the circumstances, the increase be not granted.\n\nRead a **Confidential** Memorandum by the Governor covering a **Confidential** Report by the Commanding Royal Engineer of the progress of the works in connexion with the Defences of the Colony, and inviting all the Members of the Legislative Council to accompany His Excellency, the Major-General Commanding, and the Commanding Royal Engineer, to inspect the works at 3 P.M., to-morrow.\n\nThe Committee then consider the Loan Bill.\n\nIt is proposed by the Honourable the Chief Justice, and seconded by the Honourable P. RYRIE, that, considering the present unsettled value of silver, and more especially the steady depreciation of it which has taken place during the last twenty-five years, it is highly dangerous and inexpedient for this silver-using Colony to contract any debt re-payable in gold, in connexion with which, judging from the experience of the past, a heavy loss in exchange is almost sure to be sustained.\n\nThat instead of adopting such a course, it is desirable that the Government raise money for its requirements by issuing, from time to time, from the Treasury in Hongkong, Debentures bearing interest at the annual rate of five per cent., thus avoiding costs and commissions of every kind, as well as the risk of loss on exchange.\n\nThat the raising of a loan in Hongkong, besides being free from all the expenses connected with the issue of debentures or stock at home, except for printing and stationery, will add to the Revenue of the Colony in Stamp Duty and in other ways, and moreover the Government will be in a position, from time to time, to redeem its own debentures in any number, and to fix a much shorter period for the ultimate redemption of the loan than would be possible under the proposed Ordinance. The charge for interest will also be minimised, as the Debentures will be issued only as funds may be required.\n\nThe Committee therefore resolve that it is undesirable to proceed further with the Loan Bill in its present shape.\n\nThe Committee adjourn sine die.\n\nRead and confirmed this 25th day of November, 1885.\n\n**FREDERICK STEWART**, Chairman.\n\nHongkong, No 3432\n\n(Subject.)\n\nRE 0452 24 box: 27 FEB 56\n\n(Minutes.)\n\n... Requests sanction for certain alterations... \n\nApparently for ... which involve no expenditure.\n\nClerk of Councils.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 354,
        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# Hon. W. KESWICK\nYour Excellency, the importance of this vote justifies, I think, that the ordinary course of passing without comment the recommendations unanimously come to by the Finance Committee should be departed from on this occasion. The magnitude of the amount, in addition to the sum which has already been voted for the defence of the colony, impressed the Committee strongly with the conviction that the charge was one which should be borne by the Imperial Government rather than by the colony. But they had to consider what had been said in this Council, and as strongly stated outside this Council, that the colony required its defences to be of a much more formidable character, and that a much more complete defence was necessary for the proper protection of commerce, as well as for that of the residents of this colony—and they felt it was not to be wondered at that the Imperial Government, urged to depart from what they considered sufficient themselves, should require this colony to bear some of the additional expense thus incurred. The importance of passing a vote imposing upon the colony such an additional taxation was felt very much by the unofficial members, but, as I have said, they consider that they would not be acting with that loyalty which, in such an emergency as was deemed possible a few months ago, they felt called upon to show, if they did not do so, and they therefore agree that this sum should be recommended to the Council to be passed, and agreed to be prepared to vote for it. Individually, I quite recognise those views as bearing very importantly upon the amount, but I nevertheless feel that this colony should not have been called upon to such an extent as £60,000, in addition to the £55,000 which has been already voted, or in all £115,000. Taking into consideration the character of the colony, its unproductive character, and its absence of territory, no one who considers the subject can fail to be convinced that it is not for its position purely as a colony, but for the trade it represents and the Imperial interests in China and the Far East centred here that those works are required. In coming to the conclusion that on this occasion the sum should be voted, the Committee felt that it was due to the colony and due to themselves that they should have it stated emphatically that this should be a final vote, and that no further claim should be recognised, and that it should be on record that they only, on such an understanding, came to the unanimous vote which they have recorded. The terms of the minute of the Finance Committee point very clearly to the fear that taxation will become so burdensome to the colony that important sanitary works will have to be postponed, and though protection from outside is a very important thing, we must also consider that protection from disease and illness cast upon us by an unsanitary state should also be provided for. There is not much to say beyond these few remarks, which I hope will make it clear to Her Majesty's Government that it is not with a very good grace, but in a great measure from necessity, that this vote has been passed, recognising the importance of full protection to the colony, and recognising also that in passing such a vote as this we are doing our duty in a final manner, and should not be called upon to supplement it in any form whatever. I beg to second the resolution.\n\nThe vote was then passed.\n\nunanimously by the Council, in the terms settled by the Finance Committee.\n\n4.\n\nbeg to refer Your Lordship to Sir G. Bowen's despatch of 4th June, 1885, in which, referring to a letter of General Cameron informing him that a further large contribution by the Colony to the Defence Works will be required, he states that if this further sum is voted, it may probably become necessary to postpone some of the...",
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    {
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        "document_key": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 356,
        "title": "CO129-225 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# 352\n\n## Enclosure\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government lays before the Council a despatch which he has just received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the subject of the defences of Hongkong.\n\nIt will be remembered that the original proposals sanctioned by the War Office embraced works the estimated cost of which was £55,625, whilst the corresponding armament was to cost only £37,500.\n\nIt was stated in the despatch of Lord **DERBY** of the 17th September, 1884, which was laid before the Council, that Her Majesty's Government had arrived at the decision that the Colony of Hongkong should defray only the cost of the necessary works, the Imperial Government contributing the armament. The Council was accordingly asked by Sir **GEORGE BOWEN**, on the 10th December, 1884, to vote the sum of £55,625 required for the construction of these works.\n\nBefore agreeing to vote the sum required for the construction of the works there was considerable discussion in the Finance Committee, owing to an impression that the armament which was to be sent out was altogether inadequate, and the vote was passed with the understanding \"that the armament to be provided by the Imperial Government would be of the best and latest pattern of breech-loading ordnance and capable of resisting attacks by the heaviest modern ironclads.\"\n\nSir **GEORGE BOWEN** did not fail to represent strongly on several occasions the wish of the community that Hongkong should be properly defended, and Generals **SARGENT** and **CAMERON** have supported his recommendations with all the weight of their long professional experience.\n\nThe result of these recommendations has been that the scheme of defence has been very carefully re-considered. Instead of three new works and remounting guns in existing works, the new scheme of defence includes four new works and three new sites for single heavy guns, and, whilst omitting the works originally proposed at Quarry Bay, it substitutes a complete defence of the Ly-ee Mun Channel. The weight and power of the guns have been so greatly increased that much more massive and costly foundations and emplacements have to be provided for them. An idea of the difference in the guns now proposed from those originally contemplated may be gathered from the revised estimate of cost of the armaments, which, instead of being £37,500, will now amount to £118,500.\n\nIn June, 1885, the Major-General Commanding represented to the Governor the necessity of a large increase in the amount contributed by the Colony, in order to meet the cost of the improved and extended works of defence, and, in accordance with the Colonial Regulations, the Governor referred the question to the Secretary of State before asking the Council to vote the necessary sum. The Despatch now laid before the Council conveys the sanction of Her Majesty's Government to the application for such a vote.\n\nIt will be seen from this Despatch and its enclosure that the revised estimate of the cost of constructing the Defence Works is £116,000 instead of £55,625.\n\nThe Secretary of State for the Colonies has no doubt that the Council will loyally consent to vote the necessary amount for completing the Defences of Hongkong in an efficient manner.\n\nThe Officer Administering the Government therefore asks the Council to vote the additional sum of £60,375. It appears doubtful whether any part will be spent before 1887, but it is necessary that a vote should be passed to enable the Royal Engineers' Department to enter into contracts for the execution of the works.\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 16th February, 1886.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "4. \n\n24 \n\nfollowing resolution: \n\nThe Committee are of opinion that, having regard to the demands now made on the resources of the Colony for Defences and Extraordinary Public Works, the Colony is not in a position, at present, to contribute to the subsidy required for the direct Cable between Singapore and Hongkong. \n\nThis resolution was reported to the Council on the 24th ultimo when no comments of any kind were made by any speaker.\n\n4. \n\nIt was stated by a speaker at a recent meeting of the Chamber of Commerce that the Eastern Extension Telegraph Company had consented to reduce their demand for annual subsidy from twenty thousand pounds (£20,000) to fifteen thousand pounds sterling for twenty years. \n\nI have received no communication from the Agent of the Company on the subject, though I have no reason to doubt the statement. \n\nI believe that the Colony fully recognizes the advantages, Commercial as well as Political and Military, of having a direct cable between Hongkong and Singapore, but the Revenue of the Colony...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 122,
        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "# Enclosure\n\nThe Daily Kess of Coffee, the \n\n## THE PROPOSED INCREASE OF THE STAMP DUTIES.\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY**-The Treasurer will lay on the table the report of the Special Committee on the Bill entitled the Stamp Ordinance, 1836. \n**The COLONIAL TREASURER**-The report is as follows:\n\nReport of the Special Committee of the Legislative Council appointed to consider a Bill entitled the Stamp Ordinance, 1835.\n\nThe Special Committee appointed to report on the draft amended Stamp Ordinance, on going carefully into the probable expenditure of the Colony, are of opinion that no urgency exists for additional taxation at this time, and they recommend that the consideration of increase to the Revenue be postponed until funds are actually wanted, when, should unforeseen claims be made upon the Treasurer on account of typhoons or other local causes, the Legislative Council might be called upon to sanction an increase in the Stamp Duties, of which in principle it has approved.\n\nCouncil Chamber, Hongkong, 7th April, 1886.\n\nWhen a report of that nature, sir, is signed by two members of the Government, and signed without a word of dissent-by two members of a Government which has twice seriously proposed to increase the taxation of the colony-I do feel that the public is entitled to some explanation as to how such a state of things came about. Now, sir, it will be within the recollection of all of us that the year 1894 and the year 1885 were extremely bad years as to collection of revenue. The revenue of 1884 showed a falling off of nearly ten per cent. as compared with 1883, and although there was a partial recovery-in 1885, yet that partial recovery was only attained by the exercise of great economy, and also by raising the house tax, I think I may say, to the highest point it would bear.\n\nUnder the circumstances, having exercised patience with revenue for two years, it can hardly be wondered at if it became an article of faith with myself and the Auditor-General that it seemed at one time absolutely indispensable that no time should be lost in providing it, and if there was a fault at all it was perhaps that we were slow to perceive that the tide had turned. The hon. member who has just left the colony (Hon. T. Jackson) rallied us about what he termed our pessimistic views. Well, I for one confess to a certain amount of pessimism, and I hope it will be a long time before I am found guilty of using any rose colour in my estimate of the revenue. The man who expects nothing is never disappointed, or if he is disappointed it is a pleasurable disappointment. Another circumstance is that we were perhaps looking too far ahead in our natural desire to look ahead and be ready for any emergency, not to be taken by surprise, not to be driven into a corner, and we were also influenced by the natural desire to have a margin. I confess, sir, I was myself very unwilling to accept the views of my colleagues when they began to point out to me that they thought the revenue of the colony was sufficient. My hon. friend on the right (Hon. W. Keswick) pointed out that there would probably be under the most unfavourable circumstances an annual surplus of $15,000. Well, I confess $15,000 did not seem reassuring to me. I said it was nothing, when the damage done in a single rainstorm lasting only a few hours might amount to more than that sum. It seemed to me like going to Europe and so arranging your money that with the exercise of very strict economy you might depend on landing at Dover with a single shilling in your pocket. However, when we got the statement of revenue collected last quarter, which we did only a few days ago, we found matters were more reassuring. The state of affairs appears to be this: if the revenue were falling off, certainly if it were falling off at the rate at which it did fall off some months ago, we should require increased taxation immediately; if the revenue were stationary we should require increased taxation in about two years; but I am happy to say the revenue is not falling off, and I think it must be borne in mind nothing would ultimately depress the revenue of this colony more than heavy taxation.\n\nAs to the Stamp Ordinance we have been considering, I should like the Council to give its attention to this point, that although the increase of the Stamp duty may not be necessary, the Ordinance as it at present stands needs consolidation and amendment. There are two or three small points in which amendment is urgently called for. That amendment of the Act might be made with a minimum of trouble to the Council, and might be made to bring in, without being perceptible to anyone, a certain increase of revenue; and in fact the very small amendments which I shall propose may tend to stave off the evil day which the Special Committee has looked forward to in this resolution. I therefore intend to propose, sir, that the amended Stamp Ordinance be proceeded with, but that the duties be kept practically as they are, only some amendments of detail and consolidation being made.\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY**-Hon. gentlemen of the Legislative Council, after hearing the report of the Special Committee on the proposed increase of the Stamp duties and the explanation given by the Treasurer, I beg to announce to the Council that it is not my intention to proceed with this Stamp Ordinance as a measure for increasing the taxation, at any rate during this Session.\n\nIt will be convenient perhaps if I recapitulate for the information of the Council what has been done with respect to this question of additional Stamp duties. I laid on this table as far back as the 17th February last a despatch from the Secretary of State together with a minute of my own asking the Council to vote an additional sum of £60,000 for the Military defences of the Colony. The despatch and minute were referred in due course to the Finance Committee who had to consider at the same time what means were to be devised for meeting the interest and sinking fund on the Loan which it was necessary to raise to provide for this as well as other extraordinary expenditure. The resolution of the Finance Committee which was afterwards adopted unanimously by the Council was to the effect that \"the best means of doing so would chiefly be by an increase of Stamp duty.\" A Special Committee of Council was then appointed to consider in detail what increases should be made in a draft Stamp Bill which was introduced and read a first time. Since, however, the question was first raised the account of Revenue and Expenditure of the past year have been closed and laid before the Council. The accounts of receipts during the first quarter of the present year have also been made up. The Special Committee to which the draft Stamp Bill had been referred has, after carefully considering the financial statements submitted to it, come to the conclusion that in view of the prospects of expanding trade and revenue there is no immediate necessity for imposing additional taxation, and as it is clear to me that the surplus revenue of the present year will be more than sufficient to meet the interest and sinking fund on the portion of the Loan which it will be necessary to borrow this year, which will not exceed $300,000. I beg to announce to the Council that I do not intend to proceed any further this session with the Stamp Bill as a measure for imposing additional taxation.\n\nThere are, however, a few small amendments to the Stamp Ordinance passed last year which experience has shown to be necessary, and advantage will be taken of the circumstance that a draft Stamp Act is now before the Council to introduce these amendments. When Sir George Bowen announced to this Council on the 18th November last that he did not intend to proceed further at that moment with the Spirit Farm Bill he stated that it was confidently hoped that the progressive development of our commerce now relieved from the depression caused by the recent hostilities in this part of the world will of itself lead to a growing extension of the public revenue. It is most satisfactory to see that this anticipation will in all probability be realised. An opinion was expressed on the same occasion by one of the unofficial members that the ordinary revenue which we shall receive will be sufficient to meet all calls made upon it. Whether this opinion will prove a correct one it is of course impossible at present to foresee. I believe myself that at some future date extra taxation will become absolutely necessary.\n\n**The COLONIAL TREASURER**-I beg to give notice, sir, that at the next meeting of the Council I will move the second reading, it being understood the schedule of duties remain the same as it is.\n\nPage 119",
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        "content_text": "6 \n\n127 \n\nThe Committee was reported to the Council on the 7th instant and the Draft Bill was introduced and passed through the final stages yesterday as already stated. In a previous despatch I have informed Your Lordship \n\n4. \n\nthat I do not think that the Colony will require to borrow more than $300,000 during the present year. I have assumed on the authority of a statement received from the Major-General Commanding the troops that between £40,000 and £50,000 will be expended on Military defences in 1886. During the first Quarter however only £8,300 have been spent on these works, so possibly the estimate that has been furnished to me is too high. \n\nAccording to the Treasurer's last weekly return he had on the 7th instant: \n| Description | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| On deposit bearing 5% interest | $200,000 |\n| Balance of current account at Bank | $132,600 |\n| Subsidiary coins on hand | $118,725 |\n| Total | $450,325 (or $451,325) is not present, the total is mentioned as $450,325 | \n\n#",
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        "page_number": 142,
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        "content_text": "139 \n\n**PAPERS.**---The Acting Colonial Secretary, by direction of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following paper:----- \n\n**Report of the Captain Superintendent of Police, for 1885.** (No. 10).\n\n**QUESTION**--The Honourable W. Keswick, pursuant to notice, asked the following question: difference in interpretation having been given to the law regulating the survey of coppered vessels since April, 1884, and a practice having been introduced since that date, which is at variance with that which was followed for at least as far back as 1879, will His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government state why the change has been made, and a new, and, it is believed, unnecessary procedure adopted? \n\nThe Honourable the Attorney General replied. \n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK gave notice that, at the next meeting of Council, he would move a resolution on this subject. \n\n**BILL ENTITLED THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS ORDINANCE, 1886.--FIRST READING.**— On the motion of the Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, this Bill was read a first time. \n\nThe Attorney General gave notice that, at the next meeting of Council, he would move the second reading of this Bill. \n\n**BILL ENTITLED THE PRINTERS AND PUBLISHERS ORDINANCE, 1886,--COMMITTED.**-On the motion of the Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, the Council went into Committee on this Bill. \n\nProgress reported. \n\n**BILLS READ A THIRD TIME, AND PASSED.**---On the motion of the Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, the following Bills were read a third time, and passed: \n\n1. A Bill entitled **An Ordinance to empower the Colonial Treasurer to pay otherwise than to Executors or Administrators small Sums due on account of Pay or Allowances to Persons deceased**. \n2. A Bill entitled **An Ordinance for the better Apportionment of Rents and other periodical Payments**. \n3. A Bill entitled **An Ordinance to amend the Law relating to Larceny and Embezzlement**. \n4. A Bill entitled **An Ordinance to amend the Law relating to the Custody of Infants**. \n5. A Bill entitled **An Ordinance to amend the Law relating to Sales of Reversions**. \n\n**POSTPONEMENT OF THE OTHER ORDERS OF THE DAY.**-The Attorney General moved the postponement of the other Orders of the Day. \n\nQuestion-put and passed. \n\nThe Council then adjourned until Wednesday, the 3rd February, at 4 P.M. \n\nRead and confirmed, this 3rd day of February, 1886. \n\nARATHOON SETH, \nClerk of Councils. \n\nW. H. MARSH, \nAdministering the Government. \n\n**LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL No. 17.** \n\n**WEDNESDAY, 17TH FEBRUARY, 1886.** \n\n**PRESENT:** \n\nHIS EXCELLENCY WILLIAM HENRY MARSH, C.M.G., \nAdministering the Government in the absence of His Excellency SIR GEORGE FERGUSON BOWEN, G.C.M.G. \n\nHis Honour the Chief Justice, (SIR GEORGE PHILLIPPO, Knt.) \nThe Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (FREDERICK STEWART, LL.D.) \nThe Attorney General, (EDWARD LOUGHLIN O'MALLEY.) \nThe Colonial Treasurer, (ALFRED LISTER.) \nThe Surveyor General, (JOHN MACNEILE PRICE.) \nPHINEAS RYRIE. \nWILLIAM KESWICK, \nTHOMAS JACKSON. \nFREDERICK DAVID SASSOON. \nWONG SHING. \n\nThe Council met pursuant to adjournment. \n\nThe Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 10th instant, were read and confirmed. \n\n**VOTES REFERRED TO THE FINANCE COMMITTEE.**--Read the following Minutes by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government:--- \n\nW. H. MARSH. \n\n(1.) The Officer Administering the Government lays before the Council a despatch which he has just received from the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the subject of the defences of Hongkong. \n\nIt will be remembered that the original proposals sanctioned by the War Office embraced works the estimated cost of which was £55,625, whilst the corresponding armament was to cost only £37,500. \n\nIt was stated in the despatch of Lord DERBY of the 17th September, 1884, which was laid before the Council, that Her Majesty's Government had arrived at the decision that the Colony of Hongkong should defray only the cost of the necessary works, the Imperial Government contributing the armament. The Council was accordingly asked by Sir GEORGE BOWEN, on the 10th December, 1884, to vote the sum of £55,625 required for the construction of these works. \n\nBefore agreeing to vote the sum required for the construction of the works there was considerable discussion in the Finance Committee, owing to an impression that the armament which was to be sent out was altogether inadequate, and the vote was passed with the understanding \"that the armament to be provided by the Imperial Government would be of the best and latest pattern of breech-loading ordnance and capable of resisting attacks by the heaviest modern ironclads.\" \n\nSir GEORGE BOWEN did not fail to represent strongly on several occasions the wish of the community that Hongkong should be properly defended, and Generals SARGENT and CAMERON have supported his recommendations with all the weight of their long professional experience. \n\nThe result of these recommendations has been that the scheme of defence has been very carefully re-considered. Instead of three new works and remounting guns in existing works, the new scheme of defence includes four new works and three new sites for single heavy guns, and, whilst omitting the works originally proposed at Quarry Bay, it substitutes a complete defence of the Ly-e Mun Channel. The weight and power of the guns have been so greatly increased that much more massive and costly foundations and emplacements have to be provided for them. An idea of the difference in the guns now proposed from those originally contemplated may be gathered from the revised estimate of cost of the armaments, which, instead of being £37,500, will now amount to £118,500.",
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        "content_text": "# 140\n\n**BILL ENTITLED THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS Ordinance, 1886**.-The Attorney General moved, and the Acting Colonial Secretary seconded that the Council go into Committee on this Bill.\n\nIn June, 1885, the Major-General Commanding represented to the Governor the necessity of a large increase in the amount contributed by the Colony, in order to meet the cost of the improved and extended works of defence, and, in accordance with the Colonial Regulations, the Governor referred the question to the Secretary of State before asking the Council to vote the necessary sum. The Despatch now laid before the Council conveys the sanction of Her Majesty's Government to the application for such a vote.\n\nThe Secretary of State for the Colonies has no doubt that the Council will loyally consent to vote the necessary amount for completing the Defences of Hongkong in an efficient manner. The Officer Administering the Government therefore asks the Council to vote the additional sum of £60,375. It appears doubtful whether any part will be spent before 1887, but it is necessary that a vote should be passed to enable the Royal Engineers' Department to enter into contracts for the execution of the works.\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 16th February, 1886.\n\nW. H. MARSH.\n\n(2.) The Officer Administering the Government recommends the Council to re-vote the following sums:-\n\n| Amount | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| $296.00 | Amount due to the late Contractor for the Scavenging of the City during the first 6 days of November, 1885 |\n| $8,000.00 | For re-building the retaining wall below the Civil Hospital, damaged by the recent fire (C.8.0, 2582 of 1885) |\n| $945.00 | For building a retaining wall to prevent landslips at the rear of Inland Lot 696, East of the Government Civil Hospital (C.5.0, 2369 of 1885) |\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 16th February, 1886.\n\nW. H. MARSH.\n\nOwing to the late period of the year at which these votes were passed (November, 1885), it was not possible to complete the works.\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary moved that these Votes be referred to the Finance Committee. The Colonial Treasurer seconded. Question-put and passed.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK moved, as an amendment, that the Bill be referred to a Special Committee consisting of the following Members:\n- The Honourable THE ATTORNEY GENERAL\n- THE TREASURER\n- THE SURVEYOR GENERAL\n- P. RYRIE\n- T. JACKSON\n- WONG SHING\n- and THE MOVER\n\nThe Honourable F. D. SASSOON seconded. Question-put and passed.\n\nThe Council then adjourned until Tuesday, the 23rd instant, at 4 P.M., to consider the Jury List for the year.\n\nRead and confirmed, this 3rd day of March, 1886.\n\nARATHOON SETHI, Clerk of Councils.\n\nW. H. MARSH, Administering the Government.\n\n**THE LATE HONOURABLE F. B. JOHNSON**.-The Honourable P. RYRIE, referring to the news just received of the death of the Honourable F. B. JOHNSON, formerly a Member of this Council, moved a vote of condolence with the widow and family of the deceased.\n\nThe Honourable T. JACKSON seconded. Question-put and passed.\n\n**BILLS PASSED**. On the motion of the Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, the following Bills were read a third time and passed:-\n(a) `Bill to regulate the printing of Newspapers and Books and the keeping of Printing Presses within the Colony`\n(b) `Bill to repeal the Usury Laws and to fix a legal Rate of Interest`\n\n**BILL ENTITLED THE TRADE MARKS ORDINANCE, AMENDMENT ORDINANCE, 1886**.-**FIRST READING**.-On the motion of the Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, this Ordinance was read a first time.\n\nThe Attorney General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move the second reading of this Bill.",
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        "content_text": "# PAPERS Laid on the Table\n\n142 PAPERS.-The Acting Colonial Secretary, by direction of His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table the following papers:- \n\n(a) Despatch respecting the postponement of the proposed Loan. (No. 14.) \n\n(b) Despatch respecting the new Heavy Guns for Defensive purposes. (No. 15.) \n(c) Correspondence respecting Quarantine Regulations. (No. 16.) \n\n## VOTE OF MONEY PASSED BY THE FINANCE COMMITTEE\n\n-The Acting Colonial Secretary read the following report of the Finance Committee:--- \n\n**(Finance Committee, 12th March, 1886)**\n\nAdditional vote of £60,375 for Defences. \n\nThe Committee unanimously recommend the payment of the additional sum of £60,375 now asked for, but they do so on the distinct understanding that this vote shall be final for the military and defensive purposes of the Colony. \n\nTo pay this sum and complete the essential public works in progress, the Colony must borrow; and the result will be, that interest and the provision of a sinking fund will so cripple the resources of the Colony, that urgently needed sanitary works must, for the present, be left in abeyance. The Colony, being merely a depôt, without natural products, is unable to increase its revenue to any appreciable extent, and it will be impossible for any further contribution to be made for military purposes. \n\nThe Committee next proceed to the consideration of the means to be devised for meeting the interest and the sinking fund in connection with the Loan which must be raised. \n\nThe Committee unanimously consider that the best means of doing so would chiefly be by an increase of Stamp Duty. \n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary added that the Committee afterwards proceeded to consider the Loan Bill, the result of which will be brought up later, as His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government was in communication with the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the subject. \n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK moved that, as the subject treated in the above report was of vast importance to the Colony, the consideration of the report should be postponed to this day week. \n\nThe Honourable P. RYRIE seconded. \n\nQuestion-put and passed. \n\n## THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS BILL-REPORT OF SPECIAL COMMITTEE\n\n-The Honourable W. KESWICK, Chairman of the Special Committee appointed to consider this Bill, presented the report of the Committee in the form of a revised Bill, and gave notice that when the Council went into Committee on the Bill he would move the addition of a clause. \n\n## QUESTION\n\n-The Honourable W. KESWICK, pursuant to notice, asked the following question:- \n\nWhen will the Lazaretto on Stone Cutters' Island be completed, and pending its construction, what provision will there be ready to meet any outbreak of infectious or contagious diseases? \n\nThe Surveyor General replied that the permanent buildings for the Lazaretto were contracted to be ready on the 1st of July next; and that, pending the completion of the permanent buildings, suitable accommodation was being provided for the reception of the sick, should occasion require it, in temporary and provisional mat-sheds. \n\n## WITHDRAWAL OF THE ECCLESIASTICAL GRANT\n\n-The Honourable T. JACKSON gave notice that at the next meeting he would move the following resolutions, and introduce a Cathedral Bill:- \n\n1. That the Secretary of State for the Colonies be invited to reconsider the decision which has been arrived at as to the withdrawal of ecclesiastical grants in this Colony, with a view to the continuance of such grants, as in Singapore and in Mauritius. \n\n2. That the only expenditure which could be retrenched under the instructions received is a small salary, nominally of £800, but really of £640, paid to the Colonial Chaplain, and representing little more than remuneration for the necessary services of burying the dead, attendance at the gaol, at hospitals, &c. \n\n3. That if this salary be withdrawn, the Colony will have to pay nearly if not quite as much in allowances for these services, thus substituting a precarious and unsatisfactory arrangement for one which works to the satisfaction of all concerned. \n\n4. That the instructions to disestablish the Church on the first opportunity were not called for by any public demand, and that no public feeling exists in the Colony on the subject except such as is adverse to the course proposed. \n\n5. That the policy of disestablishment, still far from being generally accepted at home, has been, as far as the information of this Council goes, distasteful to every Colony on which it has been imposed; that it has been reversed in two Colonies, and in at least one more continues to be an offence and a public grievance to the Community. \n\n6. That a doubtful policy of this kind should not be, in ignorance of many of the essential circumstances of the case, needlessly forced upon an unwilling community which, administering its own revenue, is more interested in guarding against the misappropriation of that revenue than any external authority can be. \n\n## BILLS READ A SECOND TIME\n\n-On the motion of the Acting Attorney General, seconded by the Acting Colonial Secretary, the following Bills were read a second time:- \n\n(a) A Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Law relating to Vagrants. \n\n(b) A Bill entitled An Ordinance to amend the Law as to Sales of Land by Public Auction. \n(c) A Bill entitled An Ordinance for the Relief of Widows and Children of Intestates where the personal estate is of small value. \n\nThe Acting Attorney General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move that the Council go into Committee on these Bills. \n\n## POSTPONEMENT OF THE OTHER ORDERS OF THE DAY\n\n-The Acting Attorney General moved that the other Orders of the Day be postponed. \n\n## ADJOURNMENT\n\n-The Council then adjourned to Wednesday, the 24th instant, at 4 P.M. \n\nRead and confirmed, this 24th day of March, 1886. \n\nARATHOON SETU, Clerk of Councils. \n\nW. H. MARSH, Administering the Government.",
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        "content_text": "# 144\n\n## DIRECT TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN HONGKONG AND SINGAPORE\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary read the following report of the Finance Committee on this subject:\n\nThe Committee, having read and duly considered the recent despatch of the Secretary of State regarding direct telegraphic communication between Hongkong and Singapore, are unanimously of opinion that, having regard to the demands now made on the resources of the Colony for defences and extraordinary public works, the Colony is not in a position, at present, to contribute to the subsidy required for the cable between the two Colonies.\n\n## STEAM LAUNCH WHISTLES\n\nThe Honourable P. RYRIE laid on the table the following Petition, addressed to the Council, and moved that the same be read:\n\nHONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,—We, the undersigned, residents of Hongkong, beg most respectfully to bring to your notice, the great and increasing nuisance, caused by unnecessary steam launch whistling in this harbour, as embodied in the following facts:\n\n- The Ferry Launches which ply to and fro between Victoria, Aberdeen, Yaumati, &c., and rendezvous along the Praya, habitually keep their whistles going when moored alongside the Praya wall.\n- This noise constitutes a nuisance of the gravest possible description to all persons who live near, whether on the Praya or upper levels, on board vessels in the vicinity, or who have to transact business in their neighbourhood.\n- The nuisance is indirectly the cause of the continuous screaming which goes on in other parts of the harbour, when launches are in motion, for the simple reason, that the boating population are so accustomed to the abuse of steam-whistles generally, that no heed is paid to their warning, when put to their only legitimate use as danger signals.\n- Complaints have been laid before the Police and the Magistracy but we are informed that according to the present law bearing upon the subject, the matter is one that must be proved to be a public nuisance by several householders who must combine to prosecute, and this cumbrous form practically tends to encourage the evil, by permitting it to develop and flourish unchecked.\n- We therefore humbly beg, that a short Ordinance may be passed, giving the Police the necessary powers to deal summarily with offences of this nature, as public nuisance, by the imposition of fines, and/or the cancelling of licence.\n- We venture to think that an amendment of `Ordinance 10 of 1872`, or `8 of 1879`, Section 7, Sub-Section 4 would suffice.\n\n[Here follow the signatures.]\n\nHongkong, 24th March, 1886.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded the motion, and addressed the Council.\n\nPetition read.\n\n## DEFENCES.—ADDITIONAL VOTE OF £60,375\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary moved the adoption of the following recommendations of the Finance Committee in connection with this vote:\n\nThe Committee unanimously recommend the payment of the additional sum of £60,375, now asked for; but they do so on the distinct understanding that this vote shall be final for the military and defensive purposes of the Colony.\n\nTo pay this sum and complete the essential public works in progress, the Colony must borrow; and the result will be that interest and the provision of a sinking fund will so cripple the resources of the Colony that urgently needed sanitary works must, for the present, be left in abeyance. The Colony being merely a depôt, without natural products, is unable to increase its revenue to any appreciable extent, and it will be impossible for any further contribution to be made for military purposes.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded, and addressed the Council.\n\nThe Honourable P. RYRIE addressed the Council.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government also addressed the Council.\n\nQuestion—put and passed.\n\n## PROPOSED LOAN.—MEANS FOR REPAYING\n\nIn connection with the above resolution, the Acting Colonial Secretary moved further that the following recommendation of the Finance Committee be adopted as a resolution of this Council:\n\nThe Committee next proceeded to the consideration of the means to be devised for meeting the interest and the sinking fund in connection with the Loan which must be raised. The Committee unanimously consider that the best means of doing so would chiefly be by an increase of Stamp Duty.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded.\n\nQuestion—put and passed.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government said that an Ordinance would be laid before the Council in due course.\n\n## ECCLESIASTICAL GRANTS\n\nThe Honourable T. JACKSON, pursuant to notice, moved the following resolutions, and addressed the Council:\n\n1. That the Secretary of State for the Colonies be invited to reconsider the decision which has been arrived at as to the withdrawal of ecclesiastical grants in this Colony, with a view to the continuance of such grants, as in Singapore and in Mauritius.\n2. That the only expenditure which could be retrenched under the instructions received is a small salary, nominally of £800, but really of £640, paid to the Colonial Chaplain, and representing little more than remuneration for the necessary services of burying the dead, attendance at the gaol, at hospitals, &c.\n3. That if this salary be withdrawn, the Colony will have to pay nearly if not quite as much in allowances for these services, thus substituting a precarious and unsatisfactory arrangement for one which works to the satisfaction of all concerned.\n4. That the instructions to disestablish the Church on the first opportunity were not called for by any public demand, and that no public feeling exists in the Colony on the subject except such as is adverse to the course proposed.\n5. That the policy of disestablishment, still far from being generally accepted at home, has been, as far as the information of this Council goes, distasteful to every Colony on which it has been imposed; that it has been reversed in two Colonies, and in at least one more continues to be an offence and a public grievance to the Community.\n6. That a doubtful policy of this kind should not be, in ignorance of many of the essential circumstances of the case, needlessly forced upon an unwilling community which, administering its own revenue, is more interested in guarding against the misappropriation of that revenue than any external authority can be.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded the motion, and addressed the Council.\n\nQuestion—put and passed.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government addressed the Council and said that he would have much pleasure in transmitting these Resolutions to the Secretary of State.\n\n## BILL ENTITLED THE CATHEDRAL ORDINANCE, 1886.—FIRST READING\n\nOn the motion of the Honourable T. JACKSON, seconded by the Treasurer, this Bill was read a first time.\n\n## BILL ENTITLED THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS ORDINANCE, 1886.—COMMITTED\n\nOn the motion of the Acting Attorney General, the Council went into Committee on this Bill.\n\nBill reported with amendment.\n\nThe Attorney General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move that the Bill be read a third time.\n\n## BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO VAGRANTS.—COMMITTED\n\nOn the motion of the Attorney General, the Council went into Committee on this Bill.\n\nProgress reported.\n\n## BILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE PROCURATOR OF THE DOMINICAN MISSIONS IN THE FAR EAST, IN HONGKONG\n\nThe Surveyor General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move the first reading of this Bill.\n\n## POSTPONEMENT OF THE OTHER ORDERS OF THE DAY\n\nThe Acting Attorney General moved that the other Orders of the Day be postponed.\n\n## ADJOURNMENT\n\nThe Council then adjourned to Wednesday, the 31st instant, at 1 P.M.\n\nRead and confirmed, this 31st day of March, 1886.\n\nARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.\n\nW. H. MARSH, Administering the Government.\n\n## Page 1 \n\n?",
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        "page_number": 150,
        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "No. 6.\n\n147\n\nFINANCE COMMITTEE.\n\nPRESENT:\n\nCOUNCIL CHAMBER,\n\nHONGKONG, 17th February, 1886.\n\nThe Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (FREDERICK STEWART, LL.D.), Chairman.\n\nHis Honour the Chief Justice, (Sir GEORGE PHILLIPPO, Knt.).\n\nThe Honourable the Colonial Treasurer, (ALFRED LISTER).\n\nPHINEAS RYRIE.\n\nWILLIAM KESWICK.\n\nTHOMAS JACKSON.\n\nFREDERICK DAVID SASSOON.\n\nWONG SHING.\n\nABSENT:\n\nThe Honourable the Attorney General, (EDWARD LOUGHLIN O'MALLEY).\n\nThe Surveyor General, (JOHN MACNEILE PRICE).\n\nThe Committee meet this day at the request of the Chairman.\n\nThe Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 27th ultimo, are read and confirmed.\n\n(1.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government recommending the Legislative Council to re-vote the following sums :-\n\nFor re-building the retaining wall below the Civil Hospital, damaged by the recent fire, $8,000.00 C.S.O. $389 of 1885.\n\nFor building a retaining wall to prevent land slips at the rear of Inland Lot 696, East of the Government Civil Hospital, $945.00 C.S.O. 353 of 1885. C.O. Desp. 2 of 1886.\n\nThe Committee find that owing to the late period of the year at which these votes were passed (November, 1885), it was not possible to complete the works; they recommend, therefore, that these sums be re-voted.\n\n(2.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government recommending a re-vote of a sum of $296 being the amount due to the late Contractor for scavenging the City during the first 6 days of November last.\n\nThe Committee find that the Contractor omitted to send in his bill for payment before the expiration of the last Financial year, and hence the vote had lapsed; they recommend, therefore, that the amount be re-voted.\n\n(3.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Officer Administering the Government recommending an additional vote of £60,375 towards the Defences of the Colony.\n\nRead also the Secretary of State's Despatch and its enclosure on the subject.\n\nThe Committee, after deliberation, recommend that, before considering the matter further, it would be desirable to obtain the following information from the Military Authorities :—\n\n(1.) How they have arrived at the Estimate now submitted, and whether it is likely to be final.\n\n(2.) Whether it is possible to get a statement shewing the total expenditure annually, on fortifications, since the commencement of the Colony.\n\n(3.) Whether the work is done by contract, or by hired labour, or by both combined.\n\nThe Committee desire it to be clearly explained to the Military Authorities that these particulars are not asked for with a view to finding fault with the expenditure under this head, but that as representing the tax-payers, the Committee consider it necessary to obtain all the information procurable; which information will be treated as confidential.\n\nThe Committee adjourn sine die.\n\nRead and confirmed this 3rd day of March, 1886.\n\nARATHOON SETU,\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\n\nChairman.\n\nPage 150\n\nPage 151",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 151,
        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "No. 9\n\nFINANCE COMMITTEE.\n\n148\n\nPRESENT:\n\nCOUNCIL CHAMBER,\n\nHONGKONG, 17th March, 1886.\n\nThe Honourable the Acting Colonial Secretary, (FREDERICK STEWART, LL.D.), Chairman.\n\nHis Honour the Chief Justice, (Sir GEORGE PHILLIPPO, Knt.).\n\nThe Honourable the Acting Attorney General, (EDWARD JAMES ACKROYD).\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer, (ALFRED LISTER).\n\nThe Surveyor General (JOHN MACNEILE PRICE).\n\nPHINEAS RYRIE.\n\nWILLIAM KESWICK,\n\nTHOMAS JACKSON,\n\nWONG SHING.\n\n5\n\nABSENT:\n\nC. O. Desp. No.\n\nThe Honourable FREDERICK DAVID SASSOON (on leave).\n\nThe Committee meet this day at the request of the Acting Colonial Secretary.\n\nThe Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 12th instant, are read and confirmed.\n\n(1.) The Acting Colonial Secretary moves that the following be added to the Committee's recommendations of last meeting in connection with the raising of the proposed loan :--\n\nThat the Committee consider that the sum to be applied to the payment of interest and sinking fund on the loan should not exceed £15,000 per annum. Carried unanimously.\n\n(2.) Read a Despatch from the Secretary of State for the Colonies on the subject of the proposed direct telegraphic communication between Singapore and this Colony.\n\n1886.\n\nC.O. 168 of 1886.\n\nThe Committee are of opinion that, having regard to the demands now made on the resources of the Colony for Defences and Extraordinary Public Works, the Colony is not in a position, at present, to contribute to the subsidy required for the direct Cable between Singapore and Hongkong.\n\n(3.) Read a Minute by His Excellency the Officer administering the Government, recommending a vote of $450 to enable the Sanitary Board to carry out the special cleansing of tenements within the City, during the year 1886.\n\nThe Committee find that the annual cleansing takes place in the months of February, June, and October in each year, and that the Sanitary Board estimate that each of these cleansings will cost $150.\n\nThe Committee further find that these cleansings have had good results, as much as 180 tons above the average daily quantity of refuse having been removed during the last special cleansing.\n\nThe Committee therefore recommend that the sum, which appears to be reasonable, should be voted.\n\nThe Committee adjourn sine die.\n\nRead and confirmed this 24th day of March, 1886.\n\nARATHOON SETH,\n\nClerk of Councils.\n\nFREDERICK STEWART,\n\nChairman.",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 247,
        "title": "CO129-226 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "244\n\nDIRECT TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION BETWEEN Hongkong and SINGAPORE.--The Acting Colonial Secretary read the following report of the Finance Committee on this subject:-\n\nThe Committee, having read and duly considered the recent despatch of the Secretary of State regarding direct telegraphic communication between Hongkong and Singapore, are unanimously of opinion that, having regard to the demands now made on the resources of the Colony for defences and extraordinary public works, the Colony is not in a position, at present, to contribute to the subsidy required for the cable between the two Colonies.\n\nSTEAM LAUNCH WHISTLES--The Honourable P. RYRE laid on the table the following Petition, addressed to the Council, and moved that the same be read:-\n\nHONOURABLE GENTLEMEN OF THE LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL,--We, the undersigned, residents of Hongkong, beg most respectfully to bring to your notice, the great and increasing nuisance, caused by unnecessary steam launch whistling in this harbour, as embodied in the following facts:\n\nThe Ferry Launches which ply to and fro between Victoria, Aberdeen, Yaumati, &c., and rendezvous along the Praya, habitually keep their whistles going when moored alongside the Praya wall.\n\nThis noise constitutes a nuisance of the gravest possible description to all persons who live near, whether on the Praya or upper levels, on board vessels in the vicinity, or who have to transact business in their neighbourhood.\n\nThe nuisance is indirectly the cause of the continuous screaming which goes on in other parts of the harbour, when launches are in motion, for the simple reason, that the boating population are so accustomed to the abuse of steam-whistles generally, that no heed is paid to their warning, when put to their only legitimate use as danger signals.\n\nComplaints have been laid before the Police and the Magistracy but we are informed that according to the present law bearing upon the subject, the matter is one that must be proved to be a public nuisance by several householders who must combine to prosecute, and this cumbrous form practically tends to encourage the evil, by permitting it to develop and flourish unchecked.\n\nWe therefore humbly beg, that a short Ordinance may be passed, giving the Police the necessary powers to deal summarily with offences of this nature, as public nuisance, by the imposition of fines, and/or the cancelling of licence.\n\nWe venture to think that an amendment of Ordinance 10 of 1872, or 8 of 1879, Section 7, Sub-Section 4 would suffice.\n\nHongkong, 24th March, 1886.\n\n[Here follow the signatures.]\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded the motion, and addressed the Council. Petition read.\n\nDEFENCES. ADDITIONAL VOTE OF £60,375.-The Acting Colonial Secretary moved the adoption of the following recommendations of the Finance Committee in connection with this vote:--\n\nThe Committee unanimously recommend the payment of the additional sum of £60,375, now asked for; but they do so on the distinct understanding that this vote shall be final for the military and defensive purposes of the Colony.\n\nTo pay this sum and complete the essential public works in progress, the Colony must borrow; and the result will be that interest and the provision of a sinking fund will so cripple the resources of the Colony that urgently needed sanitary works must, for the present, be left in abeyance. The Colony being merely a depot, without natural products, is unable to increase its revenue to any appreciable extent, and it will be impossible for any further contribution to be made for military purposes.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded, and addressed the Council.\n\nThe Honourable P. RYRE addressed the Council.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government also addressed the Council. Question-put and passed.\n\nPROPOSED LOAN.--MEANS FOR REPAYING.-In connection with the above resolution, the Acting Colonial Secretary moved further that the following recommendation of the Finance Committee be adopted as a resolution of this Council :-\n\nThe Committee next proceeded to the consideration of the means to be devised for meeting the interest and the sinking fund in connection with the Loan which must be raised. The Committee unanimously consider that the best means of doing so would chiefly be by an increase of Stamp Duty.\n\nThe Honourable W. Keswick seconded.\n\nQuestion-put and passed.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government said that an Ordinance would be laid before the Council in due course.\n\nECCLESIASTICAL GRANTS.-The Honourable T. JACKSON, pursuant to notice moved the following resolutions, and addressed the Council :--\n\n1.-That the Secretary of State for the Colonies be invited to reconsider the decision which has been arrived at as to the withdrawal of ecclesiastical grants in this Colony, with a view to the continuance of such grants, as in Singapore and in Mauritius.\n\n2.-That the only expenditure which could be retrenched under the instructions received is a small salary, nominally of £800, but really of £640, paid to the Colonial Chaplain, and representing little more than remuneration for the necessary services of burying the dead, attendance at the gaol, at hospitals, &c.\n\n3.-That if this salary be withdrawn, the Colony will have to pay nearly if not quite as much in allowances for these services, thus substituting a precarious and unsatisfactory arrangement for one which works to the satisfaction of all concerned.\n\n4.-That the instructions to disestablish the Church on the first opportunity were not called for by any public demand, and that no public feeling exists in the Colony on the subject except such as is adverse to the course proposed.\n\n5.-That the policy of disestablishment, still far from being generally accepted at home, has been, as far as the information of this Council goes, distasteful to every Colony on which it has been imposed; that it has been reversed in two Colonies, and in at least one more continues to be an offence and a public grievance to the Community.\n\n6.-That a doubtful policy of this kind should not be, in ignorance of many of the essential circumstances of the case, needlessly forced upon an unwilling community which, administering its own revenue, is more interested in guarding against the misappropriation of that revenue than any external authority can be.\n\nThe Honourable W. KESWICK seconded the motion, and addressed the Council.\n\nQuestion--put and passed.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government addressed the Council and said that he would have much pleasure in transmitting these Resolutions to the Secretary of State.\n\nBILL ENTITLED THE CATHEDRAL ORDINANCE, 1886.--FIRST READING.-On the motion of the Honourable T. JACKSON, seconded by the Treasurer, this Bill was read a first time.\n\nBILL ENTITLED THE RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES AND FESTIVALS ORDINANCE, 1886.-COMMITTED.--On the motion of the Acting Attorney General, the Council went into Committee on this Bill.\n\nBill reported with amendment.\n\nThe Attorney General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move that the Bill be read a third time.\n\nBILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE TO AMEND THE LAW RELATING TO VAGRANTS.-COMMITTED.--On the motion of the Attorney General the Council went into Committee on this Bill.\n\nProgress reported.\n\nBILL ENTITLED AN ORDINANCE FOR THE INCORPORATION OF THE PROCURATOR OF THE DOMINICAN MISSIONS IN THE FAR EAST, IN HONGKONG.-The Surveyor General gave notice that at the next meeting of Council he would move the first reading of this Bill.\n\nPOSTPONEMENT OF THE OTHER ORDERS OF THE DAY.-The Acting Attorney General moved that the other Orders of the Day be postponed.\n\nADJOURNMENT.--The Council then adjourned to Wednesday, the 31st instant, at 4 P.M.\n\nRead and confirmed, this 31st day of March, 1886.\n\nARATHOON SETH, Clerk of Councils.\n\nW. H. MARSH, Administering the Government.",
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        "id": 331458,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "page_number": 541,
        "title": "CO129-227 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1886 [6]",
        "content_text": "4\n\nappreciated however, as the Chinese prisoners endeavour, when possible, to close the outer openings, in hot weather.\n\nThe Committee, it will be seen, are of opinion that a new Gaol should not be constructed, until other measures have been first tried, and they base this opinion upon the financial state of the Colony.\n\nThe cost of a new Gaol, the plans of which were approved by Lord Kimberley in 1881, has been estimated at $400,000.\n\nI certainly think that it would be prudent to complete some of the large and costly works on which the Colony is engaged, before embarking on a new one.\n\nSir G. Bowen thought that in face of the large contribution of this Colony towards defences, it might even become necessary to suspend some of the works already commenced.\n\nThe completion of the Tytam Water works is of far more vital importance to the Colony than the building of a new Gaol.\n\nWe had a severe water famine",
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    {
        "id": 332105,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "The Government is fully aware of the importance of the subjects which have been mentioned, and so important work is not lost sight of. In due course of time they will all be taken in hand. Some allusion has been made to sanitation. I don't think it is necessary to say very much about that because in discussion the Estimates which we had before us only a short time ago $100,000 was set apart for sanitary works next year, and my hon. friend by his silence on that point accepted the principle that that sum was sufficient and that only the works covered by that sum would be carried out next year. I don't think, as he made no protest then, he has any right now to come and say no allusion has been made to sanitary matters. From the statement of my hon. friend the Surveyor-General he will perceive sanitary matters are one of those subjects receiving the closest attention of the Government.\n\nWith respect to the Central Market, $100,000 was set apart for the acquisition of property this year... and I may say it has been very difficult to get the property and $50,000 for next year. Therefore it cannot be said the Governor is showing any remissness in that matter. With respect to the Gap Rock light my hon. friend regretted the papers had not been sent in. I believe it has not been possible yet to make any estimate of what it will cost. It is true a few weeks have elapsed since we visited the place, but it is difficult and must take time to make any reliable estimate of what such a work will cost. There have to be considered the difficulties of the approach, the distance, and whether we could get any reliable contractor who would undertake this job. I don't think any avoidable delay has taken place in placing all the necessary documents in the hands of the Administrator.\n\nHon. A. P. MACEWEN asked if he might be allowed to correct a misstatement. He said the Acting Attorney-General seemed to be under the impression that no estimate for the Gap Rock light had been prepared, whereas Sir Robert Hart had had one prepared.\n\nThe ACTING ATTORNEY-GENERAL-My hon. friend also said that from information he had received he was under the impression the delay connected with the Praya extension had been partly caused by the Government having cooled down. As far as I have seen from the documents to which I have had access there has been no cooling down. The Government have pressed the matter forward as much as possible, but there have been differences of opinion between the Military Authorities and the Naval Authorities, and the Naval Authorities are very averse to being cut off from the sea, and will only consent to that on the basis of receiving some compensation from the Military Authorities in the way of additional space, which the Military Authorities do not see their way at present to grant them.\n\nMy hon. friend has said no allusion has been made in the Address to the question of the fortifications. That is true. It is accounted for by the fact that in his closing speech to the Council in October His Excellency referred to that subject and said satisfactory progress was being made with the fortifications, and in his minute dated the 17th September last His Excellency said...\n\nThe amount provided for Extraordinary Public Works is $760,000. For this year provision was originally made for $579,800, but it is probable that about $756,000 will be expended, the construction of Military Defences having been carried out with greater expedition than was originally contemplated. Only $52,000 was provided for this purpose during the present year whereas it is probable that $218,000 will be expended.\n\nThat was only in September last, and there has really been nothing to report since that date. His Excellency has received to-day a letter from Major-General Cameron on the subject. His Excellency says:\n\n\"Tell the Legislative Council we are making steady and very satisfactory progress with the fortifications as far as we are permitted to go under orders from home, and with due regard to the work being well done. The Home authorities in the present rather unsettled state of many artillery questions had not quite made up their minds as to the particular description of gun-carriage, and this has caused considerable delay—the emplacements and platforms being dependent on the gun-carriages to be adopted.\n\nBut it is far better to proceed with caution in such matters than to be in too great a hurry and commit mistakes not easily rectified.\n\nThe enclosed printed statement, received by last mail, giving the armament of each Battery, may be shown confidentially to any Honourable member of the Council wishing to see it—but, for manifest reasons, must not be made public. Please return it done with. When we get drawings, giving all particulars of carriages, platforms, emplacements, &c., &c., and are ordered to proceed, there will, I hope, be no more interruptions. Other stations both at home and abroad are exactly in the same position, and Hongkong has no special grievance.\n\nThe colony may rest assured that its interests are being well looked after by me, and that I am quite as much interested as anyone here, not only in pushing on the works to the best of my ability, but in seeing that the public gets its full money's worth.\n\nThe R. E. Department is exercising the closest supervision over the Contractors and their men, and I believe the work is well up to the mark.\n\nThose people who are in such desperate hurry should remember that we only draw on the Colonial contribution as far as the money is actually due to pay Contractors in arrear, and that therefore none of the money is lying idle.\n\nWith regard to the time when the guns may be expected our last advices (26th July) say 'Breech loading armaments will be supplied as soon as arrangements can be made. Orders have been given for the dispatch of rifled muzzle loading ornaments.'\n\nThe General has also furnished His Excellency with a statement of the actual progress of the works, a very detailed one, and I will just give you some of the details. (The hon. gentleman read a report giving the state of the various batteries.) I can assure the Council the General is pushing on this work as fast as ever he can. Nothing more can be done at present until they get advices of what sort of gun carriage is to be adopted. I believe experiments are being made at home as to the best gun carriage, and nothing more can be done here until it is known what kind of gun carriage is to be adopted and the space that will be required for them.\n\nWith regard to the muzzle loading guns, that is also a matter to which I wish to refer, because we have often heard the Government is not keeping its contract. In a minute dated the 17th February, 1886, His Excellency says:\n\n\"The result of those recommendations has been that the scheme of defence has been very carefully reconsidered. Instead of three new works and re-mounting guns in existing works, the new scheme of defence includes four new works and three new guns for single heavy guns, and whilst omitting the works originally proposed at Quarry Bay it substitutes a work on the Lyeemun Channel. The complete defence weight and power of the guns and costly foundations have been so greatly increased that much more massive foundations and emplacements have to be provided for them. An idea of the difference in the guns now proposed from those originally contemplated may be gathered from the revised estimate of cost of the armaments, which, instead of being £37,500 will now amount to £118,500.\n\nWhen this minute was presented to the Council and referred to the Finance Committee a full description of the works and guns was also laid before them. The letter from the War Office dated 19th September, 1885, shows that in the original scheme the cost for the works was £15,000, and in the revised scheme £116,000. When the Finance Committee was asked to vote this additional sum a full description of the guns, the size, system, weight of shot, piercing power, etc., was communicated, and it was after seeing and considering this that the vote was unanimously agreed to, and no departure from the armament promised in that paper has been made except in one or two instances where the size of the guns has been increased. Therefore if the hon. member sees some muzzle loading guns arriving it is because these muzzle loading guns are for positions which according to those best capable of judging are best capable of being defended by these guns.\n\nMy hon. friend said he was disappointed with the Address, because it indicated a mind which refused responsibility and it shadowed forth very little work. Now, I am sure no member of the Council who knows His Excellency will agree with that. His Excellency cannot pledge the future Governor, but he is willing to take all the responsibility he can upon himself. I think his address is a business-like statement of what he really means to do, and I am sure the members of the Council will agree with me everything his Excellency promises he will do his utmost to fulfil. I am sure His Excellency is the last person who would shrink from taking responsibility on himself when the exercise of that responsibility would be conducive to the welfare of the Colony.\n\nThe COLONIAL TREASURER-At this hour of the evening I do not propose to say more than a word or two. My hon. friend (Mr. MacEwen) has determined to celebrate the 5th of November by going for the Government, and he has certainly done so. I propose to confine myself to one portion of his remarks, and that is the mine he sprang upon us about the Central Market. It would have made his speech more complete if he had told us, what he knew to be the fact, that I stand here as an officer of this Government who certainly for nineteen years has known all the facts the hon. gentleman has told us of, including the fish stall and the hole 8 feet long, and in the little I have been able to do in connection with that Market I have never lost any opportunity of trying to better the existing state of things.\n\nBut this I will say: any person who will go down to-morrow...\n\nPage 86",
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        "document_key": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 284,
        "title": "CO129-233 - Acting Governor Cameron - 1887 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "tough\n\nto enable them to form a very clear idea of the weak points in the good defence, and how the place should be\n\nattacked.\n\n8. I fail to see in paras: 4 and 5 of the Admiral's letter to the Admiralty, the justification he alleges for making\n\nhis report.\n\n9. My opinion, which he quotes, and which will be found in the report\n\nof Local Defence Committee, drawn up by me, and other correspondence, was merely to the effect that until Hong Kong and Singapore are properly fortified and armed, our fleet would have to act partly on the defensive, affording those places the necessary protection instead of being wholly independent and scouring the high seas in assistance of our commerce.\n\n10. I presume the movements of the fleet in regard to the protection of\n\nthe Coaling stations would be guided rather by actual facts as to\n\nthe condition of the defences, than by any exclusive hopes of the enemy knowing nothing about them in these days of foreign military attachés, whose raison d'être is to find out everything worth knowing, for which ways and means abound in a country like ours.\n\n#1.\n\nRespecting the Singapore defences, I have already, as General Officer Commanding, reported to the Adjutant General, Horse Guards, to whom I refer; and the enclosed copy of\n\nmemo: since received from the Commandant Straits Settlements, will give that General Officer's version of the occurrences said to have happened.\n\n12.\n\nAnd\n\nI know something about dynamite and\n\ncotton operations and the results affected thereby, having had\n\nto study the question when sent to\n\nthe",
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    {
        "id": 334758,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "2\n\nto the English Local Government Board requirements and therefore the only fear that I would have would be that the open space of 101 foot would be insufficient. Native landlords have told me before now that the Chinese tenant does not require light or ventilation. With all respect, I submit that that is nonsense. I should say the native tenant requires and appreciates light and ventilation quite as much as his landlord. At the present moment in a great many native tenements if the tenant wishes to breathe unpolluted air, he has to go outside into the street, and if he wishes to see he has to burn lights throughout the day. Some of the tenements I have seen as dark as Erebus even at noonday. That, it must be admitted, is a most unsatisfactory state of things, and it is gratifying to think that if hon. members will support the clauses which relate to the provision of adequate space around buildings, we may find in this Bill a remedy for so grave an evil.\n\nI am told, again, that some of the building lots in this town have been divided into sections and subsections, so small as not to admit of backyards ten feet wide. That may be so or may not be so. I must confess that I know several lots and sections of lots myself, where, possibly, backyards might not be admissible. All I can say, with regard to properties of this kind is that if they are so shallow as not to admit of a backyard for the purposes of light and ventilation, then they are manifestly unfit for human habitation, though they may, perhaps be utilised for shops or workshops, or for industrial or commercial purposes, or in fact, for any purpose other than that of human habitation.\n\nThere is one more matter in this Bill which I shall refer to very briefly. It is perhaps the crux of the Bill. I mean the clauses which relate to overcrowding. The Bill seeks to make overcrowding a misdemeanour. That proposal is perhaps at first sight a startling one. We will be asked \"Where do you propose to house the surplus population, which you propose to turn out of doors?\" The question would be a very natural one to make, and unquestionably the reply will be \"More houses must be built.\" It is only right to mention that concurrently with these legislative enactments against overcrowding the Government propose to submit to the Legislature at once certain extensive building schemes in the outskirts of the city.\n\nBut it will be obvious to hon. members that even if there were 10,000 empty houses at the outskirts awaiting occupation, it is not likely the Chinese would leave the central portions of the city to go and inhabit them unless some provision, in the nature of these clauses, made overcrowding a misdemeanour. Unless these clauses are passed as part and parcel of this Bill it will be impossible to get the population to leave the congested districts and go to the outskirts. The object of the Bill is, if I may use a mathematical term, centrifugal. It seeks to relieve the congested centre of the town by sending the surplus population to the circumference or to the outskirts.\n\nIt may be urged that a working man will not readily leave a home near his work and make a distant foot journey every morning and evening from and to his work, and that therefore there will be a great difficulty at the outset in getting new building lots outside the town taken up and built on. But the Government has wisely made provision for this contingency, and it is intended in conjunction with the passing of this Bill to propose the construction of tramways to bring the outskirts of the town into cheap and rapid communication with the centre.\n\nWith regard to the other miscellaneous provisions of this very long Bill which are of a less contentious nature, I shall not at this stage take up the time of the Council with any further remarks. I will only say, in conclusion, I am confident that when hon. members digest this Bill, they will find it is nothing more than a reproduction, however imperfect, of the Health Law of England, watered and diluted so as to meet the peculiar conditions of Hongkong. And they will not fail to notice another thing, and that is that this measure is characterised by a manifest desire to press as little as possible on private interests.\n\nThey will find that the measure, so far from being arbitrary or harsh, has been so tempered as to be—well, I was going to say brought to the very verge of inefficiency from sheer weakness—but, perhaps, that is too disparaging an expression to use. The Sanitary Board in the drafting of this measure and the Government in its approval of it have been animated by a wish to proceed tentatively and both have gone on the principle that half a loaf is better than no bread.\n\nI agree with my hon. and learned friend in thinking it is possible there may be imperfections found in this Bill, but I think it will also be possible that in Committee such imperfections if found may be remedied. I beg to second the motion of my hon. and learned friend.\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY—Hon. gentlemen, after the very exhaustive statements which have been made, there is very little for me to say, but I do not wish we should separate to-day without my saying a few words on this subject. First of all, I would endorse what the last hon. gentleman who spoke told us, that the very greatest consideration had been shown to the interests of private individuals by this Government. That has always, I think, characterised the way that this Government tries to act, because we believe that public prosperity is merely the greatest aggregate amount of individual well-being and prosperity.\n\nI can also thoroughly endorse what the hon. gentleman the Acting Attorney-General has told us with regard to the evils that exist in our midst. I have myself inspected some of the native parts of the town—I am told not the very worst parts—and I have also inspected several of the villages, and from having been military sanitary commissioner in various places, I can affirm most decidedly that I have never in all my life seen such a condition of things as exists in this City of Victoria and in the villages around us. Anything worse I have never seen in India or anywhere else.\n\nI therefore think this is a most urgent question, which should be disposed of as soon as possible, that is, with all due regard to time being given for the thorough ventilation of the subject, and for its consideration not only by ourselves but the public at large. I think, speaking for myself, that we should further consider this Bill in a month's time. I think the urgency of the question lies in the fact that we cannot go on with any of the great public improvements until this matter is settled.\n\nThe hon. Surveyor-General has told us that he is endeavouring to find outlets in various directions for the surplus population. I may tell you that a large scheme for further reclamation at Causeway Bay has been before the Executive Council, and as soon as this scheme has been revised and printed it will be laid on this table. It will first of all be sent to the Public Works Committee.\n\nWell, hon. gentlemen, what is the use of considering that, and also the Praya scheme—which will form, of course, the connection between this part of the town and Causeway Bay, and without which we can hardly expect this tramway—what is the use of considering this scheme until we have considered and passed, as I hope we shall, this Ordinance? I was myself most particularly anxious, during the recess, of working in the direction of getting this Praya scheme settled. I believe it to be a work of primary importance.\n\nTherefore it was my anxious desire to write to the authorities at home, and try and get them to understand the urgent need for its sanction. I rather differ from the hon. gentleman who, in addressing some questions to me the other day on the defences, said that the home authorities were rather chary in allowing us to spend our own money. I think that we have only to show we are in earnest on any subject, and mean what we say, and we shall be allowed to spend our own money as we like. But we must show we are in earnest, and I think hon. gentlemen we must show we are in earnest in this matter.\n\nIt is a matter that must be disposed of, but, as I said before, with all due consideration to private interests. I don't think I need take up your time longer, and the subject has been so thoroughly handled that I have really nothing left to say. I intended only to have spoken on the question of urgency, and I hope you will consider the matter.\n\nThe motion was carried nem. con. and the Bill was read a first time.\n\nPage 37",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12].txt",
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        "id": 337869,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]",
        "page_number": 264,
        "title": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]",
        "content_text": "# REPORT OF PROCEEDINGS OF THE FINANCE COMMITTEE\n## At a Meeting held in the Council Chamber, Hongkong, on the 27th October, 1888\n\n### PRESENT\n**The Honourable the Colonial Secretary** (**FREDERICK STEWART**), Chairman  \n**His Honour the Acting Chief Justice** (**JAMES RUSSELL, C.M.G.**), vice His Honour SIR GEORGE PHILLIPPO, Knt., on leave  \n**The Honourable the Attorney General** (**EDWARD Loughlin O'MALLEY**)  \n**The Acting Colonial Treasurer** (**HENRY ERNEST WODEHOUSE, C.M.G.**)  \n**The Surveyor General** (**JOHN MACNEILE PRICE**)  \n**The Captain Superintendent of Police** (**WALTER MEREDITH DEANE**)  \nPHINEAS RYRIE  \nWONG SHING  \nJOHN BELL-IRVING  \n**BENDYSHE LAYTON** (**vice the Honourable ALEXANDER PALMER MACEWEN**), on leave  \n\nThe Committee meet pursuant to adjournment.\n\nThe Minutes of the last Meeting, held on the 24th instant, are read and confirmed.\n\n### ESTIMATES, 1889\nThe Committee resume consideration of the Estimates for 1889.\n\n#### DEFENCES\nMr. BELL-IRVING draws attention to a statement made by him at the last Meeting, and reported in the local papers, and explains that he had no intention whatever of reflecting in any way on the construction of the forts.\n\n#### TYTAM WATER-WORKS\nWith reference to Mr. LAYTON's request at the last Meeting, the Chairman lays upon the table the following Statement of Account, up to date, connected with the Tytam Water-Works, viz.:\n\n| Item | Cost |\n| --- | --- |\n| Cost of Reservoir and Byewash | £84,565.16.0 |\n| Cost of Tunnel | £46,158. 0.5 |\n| Cost of Conduit and Tank | £39,272. 5.0 |\n| **Total** | **£169,996. 1.5** |\n\nThe Chairman also reads an extract of a letter from Sir ROBERT RAWLINSON to the Crown Agents, (dated 20th August, 1888), to the effect that these Water-Works have not only cost less than the average of English Water-Works, but they are much more permanent, being of masonry in place of earthwork.\n\nThe Surveyor General states that a detailed Statement of the expenditure in connection with these works will be laid before the Committee in due course.\n\n#### LAND SALES\nIn compliance with Mr. RYRIE's request at the last Meeting, the Chairman lays on the table a Statement of Account of the amount of premiums realized from land sales from 1882 to date, shewing a total of $425,788, and intimates that the Statement will be made up to the end of the year and published.\n\n#### Surveyor General's Establishment (page 16)\nAfter some explanations by the Chairman and the Surveyor General, the Committee recommend that the votes for this Establishment be approved.",
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        "id": 338359,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-240 - Public Offices & Others - 1888",
        "content_text": "# No. 40248/40\n\nIt is requested that in any further communication on this subject, the above Number may be quoted; and the Letter addressed to-\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,  \nWar Office, Pall Mall,  \nLondon, (S.W.)\n\nC. O. 282/38  \n10355  \nREC: FINANCIAL SECRETARY'S DEPARTMENT  \nWAR OFFICE,  \n6th August 188...\n\nWith reference to the letter from this Department of the 4th instant- No. 40248/35 on the subject of the future Garrison of Singapore, I am now directed by the Secretary of State for War to enclose for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury a Copy of the Report of the Committee on Colonial Contributions to the Garrison of Hong Kong.\n\nThe case for an increase to the Garrison of Hong Kong. The defences are very strong, being one to cover a large...",
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    {
        "id": 339443,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 34,
        "title": "CO129-242 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1889 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "I doubt that White and Stanhope will agree with him in thinking that while the Works should be secured from the intrusion of unauthorized ships, the Officers commanding naval opinion on the station should be encouraged to familiarize themselves with the Defences in place, a station where not improbably their cooperation might be repaired. In any case, Lord Auckland presumes that the Commodore, if possible, then of any junior rank, should be allowed access to the forts, and that he should retain his local seat on the Defence Committee. \n\n## Page 33",
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    {
        "id": 340458,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "page_number": 187,
        "title": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "content_text": "# \n## Paragraph 15\n\n2\n\nThe increase of the contribution at the end of the five years was considered, for he said that he desired, in fixing the amount at £20,000, not to press too heavily at first upon the Colonial revenues, and the Governor of Hong Kong himself interpreted this passage as meaning that the contribution was to be raised to a higher rate at a future occasion.\n\n5. Changes, however, occurred in the post of Secretary of State, and at the expiration of the five years the intention of the Duke of Newcastle appears to have been forgotten. The contribution remained unchanged, and nothing more was heard upon the subject until 1884, when the Secretary of State for War wrote to the Colonial Office that the military contribution paid by the Colony would have to be reconsidered with reference to the proposed increase of the garrison. No action followed this intimation, and revision of the existing arrangements was not undertaken until the Committee on Colonial Military Contributions, consisting of Sir Arthur Haliburton, Mr. Bramston, and Mr. Ryder, made their report on Hong Kong in July 1888—three and twenty years after the actual imposition of the contribution which the Duke of Newcastle had demanded in 1863. The Committee on Colonial Military Contributions have, in the case of Hong Kong, as in that of Singapore, discharged thoroughly the task entrusted to them. They have put before Her Majesty's Government the facts of the case in compact and intelligible form, and the Treasury, the War Office, and the Colonial Office are now fully informed of the intentions of those who fixed the present contribution, and of the financial progress of the Colony during the intervening period.\n\n6. My Lords have stated that the contribution of £20,000, as originally fixed, represented about one-sixth or one-seventh of the revenue of the Colony, and one-fifth of the military charge of the Colony defrayed by the Imperial Exchequer. In the intervening time the garrison has risen to 1,445 men of all ranks, exclusive of volunteers, the cost to the Imperial Exchequer rising from £100,000 to £160,000 a year. The Colonial Defence Committee now recommend that the garrison of the future shall consist of 2,525 Imperial troops of all ranks, and of 493 local regulars, or 3,018 in all, costing about £280,000 a year. If the total net estimated cost of the British army for 1889-90 be divided by the number of men on the Home and Colonial establishments, exclusive of India, (£17,000,000 by 152,000 men), the result gives £111 per man, and the corresponding cost of 3,000 men would be £333,000. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee exclude from their computation militia and volunteers costing approximately £3,000 a year.\n\n7. The Committee further point out that the revenue of the Colony has risen since 1863 from an average of $568,000 to $1,638,000, the amount as estimated for 1888. They reckon that after allowing for the loss which attends the discharge by silver-using communities of obligations payable in gold, the proportion of the military contribution to the revenue of the Colony is only eight per cent, or one-half of the proportion which the contribution bore to the revenue in 1863.\n\n8. My Lords observe that the Colonial Office has not in the case of Hong Kong, as in that of the Straits, indirectly reduced the military contribution by allowing the Colony to pay a sterling debt in silver at an obsolete rate.\n\n## Works and Buildings\n\n9. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee state that when the defence of Hong Kong was under consideration in 1883-84, it was contemplated that the whole cost of the project, estimated at £100,000, should be defrayed by the Colony. The Imperial Government has, however, subsequently decided that the Colony should provide the works, and the Imperial Government the armament. According to the first estimate framed upon this basis, 60 per cent of the expenditure would fall upon the Colonial, 40 per cent upon the Imperial Exchequer. As the estimate now stands, 35 per cent only will fall upon the Colonial, and 65 per cent upon the Imperial Exchequer, the sums being respectively £116,000 and £209,000. My Lords cannot but observe that in this case, as in that of Singapore, the estimates upon which the Treasury gave its assent to the principle of partition, have been absolutely misleading. The War Office proposed by their estimate to throw the larger part of the defensive works on the Colony in the proportion of three to two. In effect, this proportion has been more than reversed. My Lords do not presume to criticise the principle upon which the estimate was based; they are willing to believe that error was unavoidable, but it is unfortunate that the errors in such cases should be always against the British taxpayer. They may at least plead that had they not been misled by these erroneous estimates they would to the best of their power have insisted upon a more equitable basis of partition. But the War Office does not even carry out its own rule of division, for it proposes to charge upon the British taxpayer the cost of submarine mining (about £9,000), works, merely because the whole item of submarine mining had been omitted from the original estimate. It appears to my Lords neither logical nor equitable to punish the British taxpayer because the science of submarine mining was undeveloped at the time when the original estimate was framed.\n\n## Barracks\n\n10. It will be necessary to provide additional barracks at Hong Kong for double the existing garrison. The rough and preliminary estimate of cost is £212,000, apart from the value of a new site estimated at £50,000, but Sir A. Haliburton's Committee say that this estimate may be exceeded.\n\nIt is proposed, as my Lords understand the proposal, that the Imperial Government shall sell land it now holds, valued at £140,000, to the Colony, that this money shall be applied towards the new barracks, reducing their net cost to £72,000, that the Imperial Government shall pay two-thirds of the charge or £48,000, and that the Colonial Government shall pay the balance or £24,000, providing also the land for the new barracks, estimated at £50,000. The proposal therefore means that the Imperial Government should give up sites worth £140,000, and should spend £48,000 in cash; that the Colony should find a new site costing £50,000, and should spend £24,000 in cash. The Committee do not say how they would provide for the excess which they anticipate upon the estimate.\n\n## Recommendations\n\n11. Secretaries of State for the Colonies in despatches to the Colonial Government have admitted the probability of the garrison of Hong Kong being in part maintained for Imperial purposes, adding, however, that \"such purposes are closely connected with the prosperity of the Colony\"; they have gone further and said that \"the larger part of the garrison is maintained for Imperial purposes.\" Sir A. Haliburton's Committee take the latter of these two statements apparently as their guide in forming an opinion upon the amount of the contribution to be asked from the Colony.\n\n12. My Lords must, however, demur to such an assumption. The Secretary of State for the Colonies is the advocate and representative of Colonial interests in the Imperial Councils, and my Lords cannot be bound by a statement to which they, as representing the British taxpayer, were not parties. It must not be held a financial instruction for all time that the \"larger\" part of the garrison of Hong Kong is maintained for Imperial purposes. On the contrary, my Lords strongly hold that if they are to lay down a principle it ought to be that as the Imperial Government undertakes the naval defence of the Colony, the Colony itself should provide the larger part of the cost of its military defence.\n\n13. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee state that the revenues of the Colony would not admit of its bearing any large proportion of the cost of its garrison, and they point out that the revenue of 1888 was estimated at £266,000, while the cost of the future garrison will amount to £283,000. Taking as their starting-point the arrangement made in 1865, under which the Colony contributed one-sixth of its revenue to military expenditure, and thereby defrayed one-fifth of the cost of its garrison, they show that one-fifth of the cost of the future garrison would be £56,000, or rather more than one-fifth of the estimated revenue for 1888. But though they do not think such a charge excessive in itself, they point to the expenditure which the Colony has incurred on defences, to the expenditure which it may incur on barracks and on local militia and volunteers, and they suggest that one-fifth of the cost of the regular garrison would in these circumstances press hardly on the Colony. They propose accordingly that the contribution should be fixed at £40,000 for five years from 1st January 1889, and that at the commencement of 1893 the contribution should be reconsidered, with a view to its readjustment in 1894.\n\n3 \n\n72 59784. \n\nA 2",
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    {
        "id": 340459,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "page_number": 188,
        "title": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "content_text": "# \n19. My Lords have carefully weighed these recommendations, and they regret to come to the conclusion that the proposed settlement will not satisfy the just claim of Her Majesty's Government.\n\nThe fact that the Colony has in two or three past years contributed an inadequate sum to works of defence is not a reason for relieving it of a fair contribution to the charge of its garrison in the future. Nor can my Lords admit the cost of barracks as a reason for relief. The provision of barracks is a temporary and extraordinary service, such as the Imperial Government has often to meet, and such as it meets either by temporary increase of taxation or by loan. The cost of local militia and volunteers may properly be included in military expenditure, but proposals for the enrolment of such corps, though often put forward, are seldom enforced; and my Lords would prefer to know that militia and volunteers actually exist before they admit a prospective charge on their account. The plea for relief in consideration of other services performed is therefore insufficient.\n\n20. Nor is the plea for consideration on the ground of incapacity more sound. Hong Kong is a port with 7,000,000 tons of shipping in the year. It is the centre of financial business in that quarter of the globe. A recent governor has dilated on its great and increasing prosperity, and has dwelt upon the fact that for a long time taxation had not been increased. The estimated population on the 31st December 1887 was 213,000.* The numbers were increasing at the rate of 9,000 or 10,000 a year, and in 1889 the population probably exceeds 230,000. The military contribution, therefore, is now little more than half a dollar a head, and the increase of contribution now proposed, say `43,000l.`, including volunteers, would reach little more than a dollar a head.\n\n21. Comparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services are always difficult, and my Lords only offer the following figures as approximate, and in illustration of their general argument. They believe that each inhabitant of the Netherlands contributes about 18s. 7d. to defence, each inhabitant of Belgium about 6s. 7d., each inhabitant of Portugal about 7s. 2d., each inhabitant of Sweden about 6s. 6d., each inhabitant of Greece about 10s. 3d., and each inhabitant of Switzerland about 5s. 1½d. These are small States not armed for aggression, and they afford, therefore, a fair standard of comparison with Colonies. Again, Hong Kong contributes perhaps nine per cent. of its revenue to defence, Holland contributes about 25 per cent., Belgium about 14½ per cent., Portugal 19 per cent., Sweden 32 per cent., Greece 24 per cent., Switzerland 34 per cent. of the national revenue to defence. But if it is contended that these are European powers, and therefore that the comparison is not fair, my Lords may cite the Dutch East Indies, in which the proportion is 27 per cent., or Japan, in which it is 43 per cent. If the increase proposed by the Committee were adopted, the contribution from Hong Kong would not probably exceed 18 per cent., and as the revenue steadily increases the percentage at the close of four years will in all probability be less.\n\n22. But the percentage of revenue appropriated to defence affords an imperfect test of the burden thereby imposed upon the community. It must also be ascertained whether the revenue raised is large in itself, and obtained by means of heavy taxation. The inhabitants of Hong Kong are exempted from Customs, and there is no income tax in the Colony. Taxation is confined, my Lords believe, to a moderate house tax, to light stamp duties producing from `20,000l.` to `30,000l.` a year, and to a few license duties, the chief of which is levied upon opium. Further, the modest revenue of `266,000l.` includes local taxation.\n\n23. My Lords have shown, they think, that the contribution of Hong Kong towards its own defence is inadequate by whatever standard it may be tested. The proportion of its revenue set aside for defensive purposes is insignificant when compared with the like proportion set aside in States which do not maintain large armies and navies for aggressive objects. The increasing prosperity of the Colony is undoubted. It contributes nothing to its naval defence. The charge for defence per head of the inhabitants is very small. The amount and incidence of taxation are out of all comparison light.\n\n*`Parliamentary Paper C. 5249, 1888`.\n\nIf military expenditure apart from works were about 270,000 dollars (`43,000l.` at 3s. 2d. the dollar), this would mean about 18 per cent. of a revenue of 1,500,000 dollars.\n\n# \n23. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee state that the Colonial Office in 1863 imposed upon the Colony a military contribution equivalent to one-fifth of the cost of the Garrison, and that it was in the contemplation of the Secretary of State, who then held office, to increase it. That intention has unfortunately remained unfulfilled for a quarter of a century, and the favourable terms thus enjoyed by the Colony during that period would in itself justify a considerable increase in the proportion which Hong Kong is henceforth to contribute to defence. It certainly is not a reason for a reduction of that proportion. Yet the Committee recommend a contribution not equal in proportion to that which the Colony paid in 1863, and their recommendation is not accompanied by a stipulation for a more equitable arrangement at the expiration of the five years. This would not be a satisfactory conclusion.\n\n25. The Empire is required to make considerable sacrifice in order to complete its defences, and as self-defence is the primary duty of every community, proper provision for that object should be one of the first charges on the revenue of each member of the Empire. The Imperial Government, in its anxiety to consult Colonial interests, has somewhat overlooked this first condition of society, and the precedent may not improbably be construed into a rule of policy that Colonial Governments are not to be asked for a proper contribution towards their own preservation. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee do not sufficiently recognise the fact that the Colony, like the mother country, must increase its taxation if existing revenues will not meet the due and proper charges of defence and government, and my Lords know no reason why the prosperous Colony of Hong Kong should be exempted in this respect from the ordinary lot of civilised communities.\n\n26. My Lords cannot therefore agree that the contribution of `40,000l.` a year is sufficient, and they will therefore propose that the subject should be referred in November to a committee of Her Majesty's advisers. But in the meantime they are prepared to accept for two years the contribution of `40,000l.` a year recommended by the Committee, and accepted by the Secretary of State.\n\nMy Lords further consider that the arrangement should be strictly observed under which, in carrying out plans of defence, the Colony provides the works, and the Imperial Government the armaments. The Colony should therefore refund `9,000l.` expended on submarine mining works.\n\nLastly, any excess of expenditure and the estimate upon new barracks should be equally divided between the Imperial and Colonial Governments.\n\nI am, Sir,\nYour obedient Servant,\n**Rewelby**",
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        "page_number": 447,
        "title": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "content_text": "083\n\n3278\n\nIt is requested that in any further communication on this subject, the above Number may be quoted; and the Letter addressed to\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nWar Office,\n\nPall Mall,\n\nLondon, (S.W.)\n\n18419 C.\n\n23531\n\nWAR OFFICE, PALL MALL, S.W.\n\nFor @ DEC 9,\n\n4th December 1889.\n\n443\n\nSir,\n\nIn reply to your letter of the 15th ultimo forwarding copies of correspondence regarding the resignation by Commodore Church, R.N., of his seat on the Local Defence Committee at Hong Kong, I am directed to express Mr. Secretary Stanhope's general concurrence in the views expressed by Lord Knutsford as to the admission of Naval Officers of high rank to our Military Defences, and especially of those who are actually members of the Local Defence Committee.\n\nWith reference to the case at present in question, the Officer Commanding the Troops at Hong Kong had already brought the circumstance to the Secretary of State,\n\nColonial Office,\n\nS.W.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "page_number": 448,
        "title": "CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889",
        "content_text": "of\n\nCommodore Church's resignation to the notice\n\nC\n\nof\n\nthe Commander in Chief, and was requested\n\nto\n\nafford every facility for that Officer, in his\n\nCapacity\n\nas\n\na\n\nmember\n\nof\n\nthe Local Defence\n\nCommittee, to visit the Defences within the\n\nCommand. He was at the same\n\ntime\n\ninformed\n\nthat such facilities should obviously at all\n\ntimes be afforded to the Officer who represents\n\nthe\n\nNavy\n\non the Local Defence Committee, to\n\nenable the Naval authorities to co-operate\n\nefficiently in the defence of the Colony.\n\nJ\n\nam\n\nthe recurrence\n\nto\n\nto add that in order to obviate\n\nof any such difficulties the\n\nexisting regulations for admission to the Naval Defences will be revised, and when\n\na copy will be forwarded with a view to its contents being\n\nready for publication\n\nto\n\nyou\n\nmade\n\n444\n\nmade known to the Governors of\n\nJ\n\n1.\n\nam! Sir,\n\nColonies. Your obedient servant, R. Thumpson",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-243 - Public Offices & Others - 1889.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 341574,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 600,
        "title": "CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "a sum \nof that sum out of a \nof \n$20,000 placed Estimates for this \nOn \nthe \nyear \nthe estimated Balance of the Contribution for Defences. The latter sum, \nwhich is beyond the liability of the Colonial Government, was calculated \nin the absence of the receipt of the expenditure by the Crown Agents for the year \nin \n1889. \n\n7. \nYour Lordship \nwill \nobserve \nfrom the resolution of the Finance Committee the 12th March, 1886, copy of \nwhich was \nforwarded in \ndespatch \nNo.92 of the 20th March of the \nsame \nyear, \nthat the additional \nvote of £60,375 (making the \ntotal contribution £116,000) \nwas voted on the distinct \nunderstanding that the vote should be final for the Military \nand defensive \npurposes of the Colony \n\nPage 600\n\nPage 601",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-244 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [1-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 341806,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 189,
        "title": "CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "to be given for them (in lands re-transferred to the Colonial Government, or in money) together with the land acquired and all accruing arrangements in connection with the proposed Praya Junction and other issues related to the Harbour Department, should be finally dealt with by a Commission or Committee, having plenary powers, on which the Colony and the War Department should be equally represented.\n\nThere are a number of questions, many of them having a bearing one upon another, which cannot conveniently be settled separately, and which could probably not be so settled at all, without prolonged correspondence and delay.\n\nConnected with the Magazine question, for instance, is that of a site in the immediate neighbourhood for the proposed Military Hospital, as to which I may remark that the site was not offered unconditionally, as the letter under reply would lead to be supposed; but only on certain terms which have not yet been acceded to.\n\nThis Commission: I may add that I have the same desire, as has the Colony, to act otherwise than liberally with reference to requirements for Colonial Defences. What is desired, however, is that there should be something like certainty and finality in respect of the nature and extent of the demands made upon us; and that some method should be adopted to enable them to be comprehended as a whole.\n\nI am quite satisfied that by the proposed arrangement might be arrived at, satisfactory to both sides, in an incomparably shorter time, and with immeasurably less difficulty than will be otherwise involved; and I have little doubt that the contribution of the Colony would be larger, if required for all than under the existing system of separate and frequently",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-245 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [5-7].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 342389,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9]",
        "page_number": 4,
        "title": "CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9]",
        "content_text": "Subject\n\n2\n\n354 29 Sept Memorial of masters of Victoria College\n\nrespig their salaries\n\nhursing staff of the Civil Hospital.\n\nPay of European Constables\n\nDebts of Mr A. J. Berkeley\n\nNo Date\n\nSubject\n\n304 25 Aug Requisition for stationery (Executive Council)\n\n308 Departure of mr Chadwick\n\n309 26\"\n\n311 2~1 Conf\n\n313 28.\n\n315\n\n316 3Py\n\n318\n\n319\n\n320\n\n321\n\n323\n\n324 324 30\"\n\nExpenditure on Col. Defences\n\nPremia on hand sales\n\nPublic Works\n\nWater and drainage Dept.\n\nno Date\n\n355 Tel. 30\n\n354 (as Foreman\n\nAppt. of m2 6.7. Kjeller 'Sept. Admiralty Survey of the Harbour\n\n2 It T b. \" 8 Th qu 10.\n\n328 12.\n\n329\n\n331\n\n332\n\n334 1335\n\n336 834 13., \" 16 + + 14\n\n340 19 20 24\n\n342 23.\n\n344\n\n346 25\n\n349\n\n350 26. 11 24 F\n\n351 6352 11 Conf. 26.\n\nSales of Appt. of shares in Limited Liability Companies\n\nan Accountant in the Surveyor Gent's Dept.\n\nSecurities of X. Kong & Shanghai Bank\n\nDistinction between Chinese and European Brothels\n\nLayning of Foundation Stone of Gap Rock lighthouse\n\nMedical Report for 1889.\n\nRetirement of M? Rebein\n\nIncreased Military Contribution (wife Mr AntRennie's Apply for passage for his Conveyance of Distressed Seamen\n\nCost of Imperial Audit (ramn\n\nFilling up of Civil Service Clerkships by Extension of Gaol\n\nRegislation respy. Sale of stocks & shares Pension to Turkey Raptis\n\nM? b. 6. Malsch's Position in the Public Works Dept.\n\nViolation of Br. Waters lug Chinese. Revenne Cruisers\n\nServices of M. J. F. Boulton, Gout Engineer, to Canton & Reduction in Postage Rates Kowloon Rly.\n\nAppt. of M. I. H. Whitehead to the Reg. Ccl.\n\nRegulations under merchandize marks Orace, powate em\n\nMr Boulton's Remuneration for his payment\n\nAdmi's Congratulations to Vicesoy on his birthday Retion of Securities\n\nDisposal of Military hands. Sittings of local Committee",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-246 - Acting Governor Fleming - 1890 [8-9].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 344447,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 445,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "10\n\nthe balance required to complete that accommodation should be divided as follows :---- One-third against Colonial and two-thirds against Imperial revenues, being about the proportions in which the capital expenditure on defences has been shared, the colony in addition providing the necessary sites for the barracks.\n\n35. The Committee consider that when land is required for colonial military purposes, it should be provided by the colony, and save, in very exceptional circumstances, this should be done free of charge to the Imperial Government, and that when sites assigned for military purposes cease to be, immediately or prospectively, required for such purposes, they should be surrendered to the colony.\n\n11\n\n14,700l, say\n\n42 married quarters at 350l. — Head-quarter offices, at present at the commissariat buildings, to be re-provided elsewhere, probably at Scandal Point, say\n\n£ 15,000\n\n5,000\n\n8,000\n\nCommissariat establishment, at present at commissariat buildings, to be re-provided elsewhere, say\n\nProvost prison for 18 prisoners, at present at North Barracks, to be re-provided elsewhere, perhaps at Kowloon, as part of the proposed military prison, say\n\n445\n\nHong Kong\n\n2\n\n4173\n\nSir,\n\nWar Office to Treasury.\n\nWar Office,\n\n9th January 1889.\n\nWith reference to the sum of 350,000l provided in the Imperial Defence Act, 1888, for barracks at coaling stations, in aid of the sums to be contributed by the colonies, and also of the proceeds of the sale of lands belonging to the Government at the various stations, I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, that at Hong Kong there is much property which is held by the War Department in the town of Victoria, which is very valuable, and also that as the place is rapidly increasing, and building sites are very restricted, the Colonial authorities are anxious that the War Department should consent to sell as much of their property as can be spared from military requirements.\n\nThe proposed disposition of the increased garrison will admit of this being done to a limited extent, and though a certain amount of accommodation will be lost thereby, the land is so valuable that the proceeds of the sales will far more than suffice to re-provide that accommodation, thus leaving a substantial balance to go towards erecting the additional accommodation required for the increased garrison.\n\nIt is, therefore, proposed to sell the following properties situated in the town of Victoria, viz. :-\n\nDollars.£\n*\nSpring Gardens, for Chinese dwellings. 41,652 feet, at 2 dollars per foot83,30413,537\nEast married quarters, for Chinese dwellings. Front, 18,000 feet, at 4 dollars per foot72,00011,700\nEast married quarters, for Chinese dwellings. Half of back, 60,000 feet, at 2 dollars per foot120,00019,500\nNorth Barracks, for Europeans. 162,400 feet, at 2·50 dollars per foot406,00065,975\nCommissariat buildings, for Europeans. 47,746 feet, at 2 dollars per foot95,49215,517\nTotal776,796126,229\n\nThe above calculations are based on the assumption that 3s. 3d. is the value of a dollar.\n\nThe accommodation thus lost, which will have to be re-provided, will be as follows:\n\nSpring Gardens\n\n(Approximately.)\n\n5,000\n\nBarracks for one battery Royal Artillery, at present at North Barracks, to be re-provided elsewhere; half at Stonecutter's Island and half at Lymoon, say\n\n10,000\n\nAlterations and re-appropriations in Victoria, especially in Wellington Barracks, consequent on the above moves, say\n\n3,000\n\n4,600\n\nTotal\n\n50,600\n\nAdd 10 per cent. contingencies\n\nAssets from sale of War Department property\n\nRe-provisions\n\nNet profit\n\nSay\n\n126,229\n\n50,600\n\n75,629\n\n75,000\n\nI am, therefore, to solicit their Lordships' sanction for the proposed sales being effected.\n\nI am to observe that the valuations and estimates submitted are merely approximate; but that, as regards the valuations, letters received from the station show that the Colonial authorities are prepared to look upon the sale to them of a portion of North Barracks at 3 dollars per foot somewhat as a favour, which, coupled with the prices which the War Department had to pay a few years ago for land in Victoria, affords fair grounds for believing that the valuations are not too high.\n\nWith regard to the estimates, I am to observe that it is believed that they are fairly liberal, but that it would be premature to work them out in detail until a general approval of the scheme be obtained from their Lordships.\n\nI am to add that, on this being received, steps will be taken to lay before their Lordships, as soon as possible, a more detailed financial statement of the operation; but that now submitted is sufficient to show that there will be a very large profit, and consequently Mr. Secretary Stanhope solicits, with confidence, their Lordships' sanction to the scheme in principle.\n\nThe Secretary to the Treasury.\n\nSir,\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nR. H. KNOX.\n\nTreasury to War Office.\n\nTreasury Chambers,\n\n12 married quarters.\n\nEast married quarters\n\n12\n\nWest married quarters adjoining, and part of, North Barracks\n\n18\n\nTotal\n\n42\n\nFrom information since received from the station these estimates will need revision,\n\n28th September 1889.\n\nI am directed by the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury to forward, for the information of the Secretary of State, and with reference to Mr. Knox's letters of 6th August 1888, and 9th January 1889, a copy of a letter on the amount to be provided by the colony of Hong Kong, in aid of its military expenditure.\n\nI am to say that my Lords have difficulty in reconciling the extracts given in the memorandum of the Inspector-General of Fortifications (Appendix D to the IVth Section of the Report of the Committee on Colonial Military Contributions) with the proposal made in Mr. Knox's letter of 9th January, respecting the sale of land in the town of Victoria.\n\nSir Lothian Nicholson contemplated the sale of the North Barracks, including provost prison, and west married quarters.\n\nHe thought that the North Barracks, owing to their position and large extent of water frontage, would be worth a considerable sum\n\n40248\n\n157",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890.txt",
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    {
        "id": 344449,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "page_number": 447,
        "title": "CO129-248 - Public Offices & Others - 1890",
        "content_text": "446\n\n14\n\nsale of property), but Sir A. Haliburton's Committee say that this estimate may be exceeded. These two sums together come to 262,000£.\n\n\"It is proposed, as my Lords understand the proposal, that the Imperial Government shall sell land it now holds, valued at about 125,000£, to the colony, that this money shall be applied towards the new barracks, reducing their net cost to about 137,000£; that the Imperial Government shall pay two-thirds of the charge, or about 92,000£, and that the Colonial Government shall pay the balance, or about 46,000£, providing also sites for the new barracks on Crown lands. The proposal therefore means that the Imperial Government should give up sites worth 125,000£ and spend 92,000£ in cash; that the colony should find new sites on Crown lands, and should spend 46,000£ in cash, in addition to the value of the lands they purchase from the War Department.\"\n\n4279\n\nI am to refer you to the War Office letter of this day's date, Hong Kong 2, in reply to the Treasury letter of the 12th October, raising some of the points alluded to in this letter.\n\nThe only other point raised in the Treasury letter of the 12th ultimo is in regard to the provision of the first outfit of furniture, and in regard to that query I am to state that all fixed barrack furniture will be included in the cost of providing the barracks, and that movable furniture, such as bedsteads, tables, brushes, &c., is not included therein, but is provided for in the general estimate of the cost of the garrison, which formed the basis on which the annual contribution to be paid by the colony was fixed.\n\nI have, &c.,\n\nThe Secretary to the Treasury, S.W.\n\nSir,\n\n40248\n\n154\n\nW. ST. JOHN BRODRICK.\n\nColonial Office to War Office.\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n\n17th October 1889.\n\nI am directed by Lord Knutsford to transmit to you, to be laid before the Secretary of State for War, copy of a letter which has been addressed to the Treasury respecting the Hong Kong military contribution, in reply to their letter of the 28th of September, which is understood to have been communicated to the War Office.\n\nLord Knutsford would be obliged if he can be informed whether a more complete estimate has yet been made of the cost of the new barracks, and generally to be informed of the position in which the question of their construction now stands. His Lordship would also observe that whatever estimate is finally made must necessarily form the basis of the demand upon the colony, for it cannot be expected that the colony will consent to provide more than the sum which is first asked for, or to allow that sum to be increased at the will of the military authorities, in whose arrangements it will have no voice or control.\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nWar Office,\n\nI am, &c.,\n\nJOHN BRAMSTON.\n\nCOPY of enclosure with Colonial Office letter of 17th October 1889 to the War Office.\n\nSir,\n\nColonial Office to Treasury.\n\nDowning Street,\n\n17th October 1889.\n\n13191\n\nI am directed by Lord Knutsford to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, 88 of the 28th of September, respecting the Hong Kong military contributions, in which their Lordships state that they are prepared to accept for two years the contribution of 40,000£ a-year, which was the annual sum recommended by the Committee, and accepted by the Secretary of State.\n\n2. I am, however, to request you to recall their Lordships' attention to your letter of the 10th of August, relating to the Straits contribution, in which their Lordships state that, so far as the two colonies of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong are concerned, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for War, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies, have in conference arrived at an understanding\n\n* The portion of this letter relating to barracks is marginally noted by a black line.\n\n15\n\nupon the amount of contribution to be paid in this and the next three or four years. This concurs with Lord Knutsford's recollection of what passed at the conference, and he is not, therefore, prepared to agree that the payment by the colony of 40,000£ a-year should be demanded for less than the five years, commencing from the 1st January 1889, recommended by the Committee and accepted at the conference on the 3rd of June.\n\n3. As regards the barracks, his Lordship is enquiring from the War Office whether any more definite estimate of cost has been prepared since July 1888, when the Committee made their report, and a further communication will be addressed to you on the subject.\n\n4. Lord Knutsford has referred to the Report of the Select Committee of 1861 on Colonial Military Expenditure, and observes that it was instructed to enquire and report whether any and what alterations may be advantageously adopted in regard to the defence of the British Dependencies and the proportions of cost of such defence as now defrayed from Imperial and Colonial Funds respectively.\" It does not appear that the Committee, as stated in the 3rd paragraph of their Lordships' letter, \"was directed to inquire whether the most wealthy and important colonies might not, with due regard to justice and to their own interests, defray a larger proportion of the cost of their military defence than up to that time had been laid to their charge.\" This passage found in a letter of 25th April 1863, from Mr. Elliott, of this department, to Sir Hercules Robinson, who was then in England, summarising the nature of the enquiry. The next sentence which their Lordships quote, as the advice of the Committee, is taken from the same letter.\n\n5. As far as concerns Hong Kong, the report begins by classing it among \"military garrisons, naval stations, convict depôts, and dependencies maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial policy,\" and in the 9th paragraph the report states that \"as to the second class of dependencies above defined (i.e., military garrisons, naval stations, &c.), the responsibility and main cost of their defences properly devolved on the Imperial Government.\"\n\n6. This principle will be seen to run through the correspondence between the Duke of Newcastle and the Governor respecting the contribution of 20,000£ a-year, and although their Lordships, in the 12th paragraph of their letter, \"demur to this assumption,\" the position, in the opinion of Lord Knutsford, holds equally true at the present time.\n\n7. The Imperial Government has the control of peace and war, and has decided that Hong Kong must be defended with powerful forts and held by a garrison costing 280,000£ a-year. It cannot be supposed that in fixing this garrison Her Majesty's Government was specially concerned for the safety of the alien Chinese who frequent the colony, or even of the British merchants who have established themselves there, and there can be no doubt that the colony has been selected as a coaling station solely on account of its harbour. This harbour is of great value to the Empire, apart from the welfare of the people living on its shores, and the real ground for defending Hong Kong is its importance as a naval station where Her Majesty's ships may refit and where they may obtain coal necessary to keep the sea and protect the British shipping engaged in the trade between the mother country and the Empires of China and Japan - a trade which is mainly independent of Hong Kong, and which is carried on for the benefit of the mother country and the British taxpayer. Hong Kong is also defended in order that its harbour may not fall into the hands of a foreign enemy, and be used as a naval base from which to destroy the ships owned in the mother country, and engaged in carrying on this trade with the East. And as a guarantee against such a misfortune its increased strength and additional garrison are demanded by the increasing strength of Russia at Vladivostock, and by the presence of large French forces in Tonquin and Cochin China.\n\n8. Lord Knutsford agrees with their Lordships that comparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services is always difficult, and in the present case the comparison seems misleading, for the countries to which their Lordships refer in the 21st paragraph of their letter, are Sovereign States, whose defences are maintained solely for the protection of those interests which they themselves administer. But Hong Kong, as Mr. Stanhope pointed out in the War Office memorandum of the 15th of December last, produces nothing, and it seems impossible to make any satisfactory comparison between the tax-paying capacity of its mixed population and that of the population of producing countries such as their Lordships refer to.\n\n9. Nor is there any real analogy between the circumstances of Hong Kong and of the Australian Colonies to which their Lordships refer. These great dependencies are concerned only for the defence of themselves and of their own trade and produce, and their contributions to the Navy are required for the protection of the very considerable",
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    {
        "id": 347735,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 177,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n174\n\nCorrespondence relating to the Military Contribution payable by Hong Kong, and War Department Lands at that Station.*\n\nArising out of Section 4 of the Report of the Committee on Colonial Contributions,\n\n## CONTRIBUTION AND LANDS\n\n### No. 1\n\n**War Office to Treasury**\n\nSir,\n\nC. O. 10629 REC Ge8825 MAY 91 40248 35\n\nWar Office, 6th August 1888\n\nWith reference to the letter from this department of 4th instant, No. 40248 on the subject of the future garrison of Singapore, I am now directed by the Secretary of State for War to enclose, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, a copy of the Report of the Committee on Colonial Contributions, on the garrison of Hong Kong.\n\nThe case for an increase to the garrison of Hong Kong is a very strong one. The defences cover a large extent of ground, and the armaments, it is hoped, will be in position within a few months. Both the Colonial Defence Committee, and the Garrisons Committee, strongly urge that its great distance from England renders it imperatively necessary to increase the garrison of Hong Kong, even if, in a temporary emergency, reinforcements could be obtained from India.\n\nThe present and proposed garrison of Hong Kong is as follows:\n\n| Category          | Present | Proposed |\n|-------------------|---------|----------|\n| Royal Artillery  | 211     | 258      |\n| Royal Engineers   | 140     | 177      |\n| Infantry          | 896*    | 1,424    |\n| Gun Lascars       |         | 440      |\n| Submarine Miners  | Nil     | 53       |\n| Total             | 2,026   | 2,953    |\n\n* This number will be increased to 1,189 on the removal of the present battalion to Singapore.\n\nExclusive of Staff and details, and of a local force of 200 Volunteers, and 150 Militia Engineers, provided by the Colony.\n\nThe military authorities, following the recommendation of the Colonial Defence Committee, urge that the battalion of Infantry should be raised to war strength, and that another battalion of similar strength should be added to the garrison.\n\nThe Defence Committee propose, as an alternative, that a special corps should be recruited in the Punjab for service at Hong Kong, but the Indian Government would almost certainly object to our recruiting in the Punjab for such a service, and unless some other source of supply can be adopted, it will be necessary to fall back on a British battalion, if the garrison is to be increased. The proposed addition to the garrison will raise the expenditure.\n\n*The question of Lands at Hong Kong is so mixed up with the question of the Contribution, that the correspondence on both subjects has been printed together.\n\n`(E110)-138wo`",
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    {
        "id": 347739,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "page_number": 181,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "## 8\n\nfrom the value of a new site estimated at 50,000, but Sir A. Haliburton's Committee say that this estimate may be exceeded.\n\nIt is proposed, as my Lords understand the proposal, that the Imperial Government shall sell land it now holds, valued at 140,000 to the Colony, that this money shall be applied towards the new barracks, reducing their net cost to 72,000, that the Imperial Government shall pay two-thirds of the charge, or 48,000, and that the Colonial Government shall pay the balance or 24,000, providing also the land for the new barracks, estimated at 50,000. The proposal therefore means that the Imperial Government should give up sites worth 140,000, and should spend 48,000 in cash; that the Colony should find a new site, costing 50,000, and should spend 24,000 in cash. The Committee do not say how they would provide for the excess which they anticipate upon the estimate.\n\n## Recommendations\n\n### 11\nSecretaries of State for the Colonies, in despatches to the Colonial Government, have admitted the probability of the garrison of Hong Kong being in part maintained for Imperial purposes, adding, however, that \"such purposes are closely connected with the prosperity of the Colony\" they have gone further, and said that \"the larger part of the garrison is maintained for Imperial purposes.\" Sir A. Haliburton's Committee take the latter of these two statements apparently as their guide, in forming an opinion upon the amount of the contribution to be asked from the Colony.\n\n### 12\nMy Lords must, however, demur to such an assumption. The Secretary of State for the Colonies is the advocate and representative of Colonial interests in the Imperial Councils, and my Lords cannot be bound by a statement to which they, as representing the British taxpayer, were not parties. It must not be held a financial instruction for all time, that the \"larger\" part of the garrison of Hong Kong is maintained for Imperial purposes. On the contrary, my Lords strongly hold that if they are to lay down a principle, it ought to be that, as the Imperial Government undertakes the naval defence of the Colony, the Colony itself should provide the larger part of the cost of its military defence.\n\n### 13\nSir A. Haliburton's Committee state that the revenues of the Colony would not admit of its bearing any large proportion of the cost of its garrison, and they point out that the revenue of 1888 was estimated at 266,000, while the cost of the future garrison will amount to 283,000. Taking as their starting point the arrangement made in 1865, under which the Colony contributed one-sixth of its revenue to military expenditure, and thereby defrayed one-fifth of the cost of its garrison, they show that one-fifth of the cost of the future garrison would be 56,000, or rather more than one-fifth of the estimated revenue for 1888. But though they do not think such a charge excessive in itself, they point to the expenditure which the Colony has incurred on defences, to the expenditure which it may incur on barracks, and on local Militia and Volunteers, and they suggest that one-fifth of the cost of the Regular garrison would, in these circumstances, press hardly on the Colony. They propose accordingly that the contribution should be fixed at 40,000 for five years from 1st January, 1889, and that at the commencement of 1893 the contribution should be reconsidered, with a view to its readjustment in 1894.\n\n## 19\nMy Lords have carefully weighed these recommendations, and they regret to come to the conclusion that the proposed settlement will not satisfy the just claim of Her Majesty's Government.\n\nThe fact that the Colony has in two or three past years contributed an inadequate sum to works of defence, is not a reason for relieving it of a fair contribution to the charge of its garrison in the future. Nor can my Lords admit the cost of barracks as a reason for relief. The provision of barracks is a temporary and extraordinary service, such as the Imperial Government has often to meet, and such as it meets, either by temporary increase of taxation, or by loan. The cost of local Militia and Volunteers may properly be included in military expenditure, but proposals for the enrolment of such corps, though often put forward, are seldom enforced; and my Lords would prefer to know that Militia and Volunteers actually exist, before they admit a prospective charge on their account. The plea for relief in consideration of other services performed, is therefore insufficient.\n\n## 20\nNor is the plea for consideration on the ground of incapacity, more sound. Hong Kong is a port with 7,000,000 tons of shipping in the year. It is the centre of financial business in that quarter of the globe. A recent Governor has dilated on its great and increasing prosperity, and has dwelt upon the fact that for a long time taxation had not been increased. The estimated population on the 31st December, 1887, was 213,000.* The numbers were increasing at the rate of 9,000 or 10,000 a year, \nand in 1889 the population probably exceeds 230,000. The Military Contribution, therefore, is now little more than half a dollar a head, and the increase of contribution now proposed, say 43,000, including Volunteers, would reach little more than a dollar a-head.\n\n*`Parliamentary Paper C. 5249, 1888`\n\n## 21\nComparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services are always difficult, and my Lords only offer the following figures as approximate, and in illustration of their general argument. They believe that each inhabitant of the Netherlands contributes about 13s. 7d. to defence, each inhabitant of Belgium about 6s. 7d., each inhabitant of Portugal about 7s. 2d, each inhabitant of Sweden about 6s. 6d, each inhabitant of Greece about 10s. 3d., and each inhabitant of Switzerland about 5s. 1¼d. These are small States not armed for aggression, and they afford, therefore, a fair standard of comparison with Colonies. Again, Hong Kong contributes perhaps 9 per cent. of its revenue to defence, Holland contributes about 25 per cent., Belgium about 14½ per cent., Portugal 19 per cent., Sweden 32 per cent., Greece 24 per cent., Switzerland 34 per cent. of the national revenue, to defence. But if it is contended that these are European Powers, and therefore that the comparison is not fair, my Lords may cite the Dutch East Indies, in which the proportion is 27 per cent., or Japan, in which it is 43 per cent. If the increase proposed by the Committee were adopted, the contribution from Hong Kong would not probably exceed 18 per cent., and as the revenue steadily increases, the percentage at the close of four years will in all probability be less.\n\n## 22\nBut the percentage of revenue appropriated to defence, affords an imperfect test of the burden thereby imposed upon the community. It must also be ascertained whether the revenue raised is large in itself, and obtained by means of heavy taxation. The inhabitants of Hong Kong are exempted from Customs, and there is no income tax in the Colony. Taxation is confined, my Lords believe, to a moderate house tax, to light stamp duties producing from 20,000 to 30,000 a-year, and to a few license duties, the chief of which is levied upon opium. Further, the modest revenue of 266,000 includes local taxation.\n\n## 23\nMy Lords have shown, they think, that the contribution of Hong Kong towards its own defence is inadequate, by whatever standard it may be tested. The proportion of its revenue set aside for defensive purposes, is insignificant when compared with the like proportion set aside in States which do not maintain large armies and navies for aggressive objects. The increasing prosperity of the Colony is undoubted. contributes nothing to its naval defence. The charge for defence per head of the inhabitants is very small. The amount and incidence of taxation are, out of all comparison, light.\n\n## 24\nSir A. Haliburton's Committee state that the Colonial Office in 1863 imposed upon the Colony a Military Contribution equivalent to one-fifth of the cost of the garrison, and that it was in the contemplation of the Secretary of State, who then held office, to increase it. That intention has unfortunately remained unfulfilled for a quarter of a century, and the favourable terms thus enjoyed by the Colony during that period would in itself justify a considerable increase in the proportion which Hong Kong is henceforth to contribute to defence. It certainly is not a reason for a reduction of that proportion. Yet the Committee recommend a contribution not equal in proportion to that which the Colony paid in 1863, and their recommendation is not accompanied by a stipulation for a more equitable arrangement at the expiration of the five years. This would not be a satisfactory conclusion.\n\n## 25\nThe Empire is required to make considerable sacrifice in order to complete its defences, and as self-defence is the primary duty of every community, proper provision for that object should be one of the first charges on the revenue of each member of the Empire. The Imperial Government, in its anxiety to consult Colonial interests, has somewhat overlooked this first condition of society, and the precedent may not improbably be construed into a rule of policy that Colonial Governments are not to be asked for a proper contribution towards their own preservation. Sir A. Haliburton's Committee do not sufficiently recognise the fact that the Colony, like the mother country, must increase its taxation if existing revenues will not meet the due and proper charges of defence and government, and my Lords know no reason why the prosperous Colony of Hong Kong should be exempted in this respect from the ordinary lot of civilised communities.\n\n## 26\nMy Lords cannot therefore agree that the contribution of 40,000 a-year is sufficient, and they will therefore propose that the subject should be referred...\n\n*If military expenditure apart from works were about 270,000 dollars (43,000 at 3s. 2d. the dollar), this would mean about 18 per cent. of a revenue of 1,500,000 dollars.\n\nPage 138  \nD  \n478",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891.txt",
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        "id": 347741,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "## \nwhich their Lordships state that they are prepared to accept for two years the contribution of £40,000 a-year, which was the annual sum recommended by the Committee, and accepted by the Secretary of State.\n\n2. I am, however, to request you to recall their Lordships' attention to your letter of the 10th of August, relating to the Straits Contribution, in which their Lordships state, that so far as the two Colonies of the Straits Settlements and Hong Kong are concerned, the Chancellor of the Exchequer, the Secretary of State for War, and the Secretary of State for the Colonies have in conference arrived at an understanding upon the amount of contribution to be paid in this and the next three or four years. This concurs with Lord Knutsford's recollection of what passed at the conference, and he is not therefore prepared to agree that the payment by the Colony of £40,000 a-year should be demanded for less than the five years, commencing from 1st January, 1889, recommended by the Committee, and accepted at the conference on the 3rd of June.\n\n3. As regards the barracks, his Lordship is enquiring from the War Office whether any more definite estimate of cost has been prepared since July, 1888, when the Committee made their report; and a further communication will be addressed to you on the subject.\n\n4. Lord Knutsford has referred to the Report of the Select Committee of 1861 on Colonial Military Expenditure, and observes that it was instructed to enquire and report whether any and what alterations may be advantageously adopted in regard to the defence of the British dependencies, and the proportions of cost of such defence as now defrayed from Imperial and Colonial Funds respectively. It does not appear that the Committee, as stated in the 3rd paragraph of their Lordships' letter, was directed to enquire whether the most wealthy and important Colonies might not, with due regard to justice and to their own interests, defray a larger proportion of the cost of their military defence than up to that time had been laid to their charge. This passage is found in a letter of 25th April, 1863, from Mr. Elliott, of this department, to Sir Hercules Robinson, who was then in England, summarizing the nature of the enquiry. The next sentence which their Lordships quote as the advice of the Committee is taken from the same letter.\n\n5. As far as concerns Hong Kong, the report begins by classing it among \"military garrisons, naval stations, convict depots, and dependencies maintained chiefly for objects of Imperial policy,\" and in the 9th paragraph the report states that, \"as to the second class of dependencies above defined (i.e., military garrisons, naval stations, &c.) the responsibility and main cost of their defences properly devolves on the Imperial Government.\"\n\n6. This principle will be seen to run through the correspondence between the Duke of Newcastle and the Governor respecting the contribution of £20,000 a-year, and although their Lordships, in the 12th paragraph of their letter, demur to this assumption, the position, in the opinion of Lord Knutsford, holds equally true at the present time.\n\n7. The Imperial Government has the control of peace and war, and has decided that Hong Kong must be defended with powerful forts and held by a garrison costing £280,000 a-year. It cannot be supposed that in fixing this garrison Her Majesty's Government was specially concerned for the safety of the alien Chinese who frequent the Colony, or even of the British merchants who have established themselves there; and there can be no doubt that the Colony has been selected as a coaling station, solely on account of its harbour. This harbour is of great value to the Empire, apart from the welfare of the people living on its shores; and the real ground for defending Hong Kong is its importance as a naval station, where Her Majesty's ships may refit, and where they may obtain coal necessary to keep the sea and protect the British shipping engaged in the trade between the mother country and the Empires of China and Japan: a trade which is mainly independent of Hong Kong, and which is carried on for the benefit of the other country and the British taxpayer. Hong Kong is also defended in order that its harbour may not fall into the hands of a foreign enemy, and be used as a naval base from which to destroy the ships owned in the mother country and engaged in carrying on this trade with the East. And as a guarantee against such a misfortune, its increased strength and additional garrison are demanded by the increasing strength of Russia at Vladivostock, and by the presence of large French forces in Tonquin and Cochin China.\n\n8. Lord Knutsford agrees with their Lordships that comparison between the sums expended by different countries on certain services is always difficult, and in the present case the comparison seems misleading; for the countries to which their Lordships refer in the 21st paragraph of their letter are Sovereign States, whose defences are maintained solely for the protection of these interests which they themselves administer. But Hong Kong, as Mr. Stanhope pointed out in the War Office memorandum of the 15th December last, `...` produces nothing; and it seems impossible to make any satisfactory comparison between the taxpaying capacity of its mixed population and that of the populations of producing countries such as their Lordships refer to.\n\n9. Nor is there any real analogy between the circumstances of Hong Kong and of the Australian Colonies to which their Lordships refer. These great dependencies are concerned only for the defence of themselves and of their own trade and produce, and their contributions to the Navy are required for the protection of the very considerable trade between their own ports, and from those ports to the mother country. These ports differ, therefore, from those of Hong Kong and Singapore in so far as they are not merely naval bases and harbours of refuge for the trade which passes them in its transit between the United Kingdom and foreign countries.\n\n10. Unless this distinction is kept well in view, no proper and fair consideration will be given to the conditions which govern the defence of these Eastern coaling stations. It is, of course, reasonable and just that the mercantile community and alien inhabitants of Singapore and Hong Kong should bear their full share of the cost of protecting the ports in which they carry on their business, and of the security which they enjoy. The amount which they should contribute is a subject for careful examination and discussion; but, as regards Hong Kong, Lord Knutsford must observe that the discussion was closed for the present by the conference of himself and his colleagues, when the contribution was fixed for five years at £40,000 a-year.\n\n## MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS.-HONG KONG\n\nThe principle that Colonies should contribute to their defence to the utmost extent that their means will permit is fully concurred in.\n\nThis principle was recognized by the Select Committee of 1884 on Military Establishments and Expenditure in the Colonies. It recommended that the strictest economy should be observed in every branch of the military expenditure of the Colonies, and that any surplus revenue that may remain after defraying their civil expenses should, in accordance with the regulations which have been adopted by the Ordnance and Colonial Departments, be applied to the payment of their military charges.\n\nThe Select Committee on Colonial Military Expenditure of 1881 took the same view, but gave it more definite expression. It divided the Colonies into two classes-\n\n1. Those, the main cost of whose defence should fall on Imperial revenues,\n2. Those, the main cost of whose defence should devolve upon themselves.\n\nThe second recommendation was qualified by the statement that the practical application of such recommendations, both as to time and place, must necessarily be left to the discretion of Her Majesty's Government, having regard to the local resources of each dependency, to its dangers from external attack, and to the general exigencies of the Empire.\n\nThe Committee included Hong Kong in the first category and Mauritius in the second. Immediately after the report of the Committee of 1861, the contributions to be made by three dependencies came under the consideration of Her Majesty's Government, viz., Singapore, Mauritius, Hong Kong. In the case of Singapore, the Government insisted on it paying the full cost of the garrison necessary for its defence, and refused to take it over from India until that condition was accepted.\n\n| Colony | Original Contribution | Revised Contribution | Percentage of Garrison Cost | Percentage of Revenue |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Singapore | ... | full cost | 100% | ... |\n| Mauritius | £33,000 | £45,000 | 36% | 10% |\n| Hong Kong | £0 | £20,000 | 20% | 16.4% |\n\nIt increased the Mauritius contribution from about £33,000 to £45,000 a-year, making it about 36 per cent of the estimated cost of its garrison, and about 10 per cent of its revenue.\n\nIn the case of Hong Kong, which up to that time had contributed nothing towards its defence, it imposed a contribution of £20,000 a-year, or about 20 per cent of the cost of its garrison, and 16.4 per cent of its revenue. In both cases it was estimated that the contribution would be subsequently increased.\n\nLooking to the fact that the proportion of charge imposed in each of these cases differed, it seems evident that although the Government of the day had the principle laid down by the Committee of 1861 in view, it had regard in its application to the local resources of each dependency, to its dangers from external attack, and to the general exigencies of the Empire.\n\nIt would probably be found impracticable to take any one Colony and make the contribution found suitable to its conditions the standard for fixing the contributions of other dependencies. No hard or fast rule can be laid down applicable to all defended Colonies, and each must be dealt with on its own merits.\n\nThe comparative statements of revenue and military expenditure in Hong Kong, and in the United Kingdom and other countries, contained in the memorandum of the Chancellor of the Exchequer, are based upon figures which omit items essential to a correct comparison.\n\nThe revenue of Hong Kong includes all its resources from both rates and taxes, and covers its total expenditure, general and local, but it has been compared with only that part of the revenue of the United Kingdom which provides what may be called the Imperial expenditure, omitting entirely the local revenues derived from rates and other local taxes. At the same time, the military expenditure incurred by Hong Kong has been largely underestimated.\n\nThe following is the corrected data on which the comparative statements may be recast: During the five years ending 1888, the military expenditure of Hong Kong, including its expenditure (£116,000) on defence works, and on local forces, amounted to an annual average of £48,700.\n\nDuring the same period, its average annual revenue amounted to £235,883 sterling, and its average population to about 184,000.\n\nTaking the defence expenditure of the United Kingdom at £29,800,000, and its Imperial revenue at £86,800,000, as given in the Chancellor's memorandum, and adding to the latter...",
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        "id": 347755,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 197,
        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "# Hong Kong \n\n8 \n\n1256 \n\n40 \n\nsame dangers to guard against, having the same rights to preserve, and having the same freedom, the same prosperity, and the same liberty to ensure. (Hon. P. Ryrie- \"Hear, hear.\") All should aid alike to join in this protection. \n\nIn conclusion, I will say that I feel sure the Secretary of State will not fail to listen to the different reasons and the different arguments that have been adduced here to-day, and I shall not fail, when referring to him the proceedings of the Council of to-day, to inform him of the circumstances under which this vote was so readily agreed to by the unanimous voice of this Council, and the reason why I myself and the official members consider that we can join the unofficial members in agreeing to the resolutions that have been proposed, and which will now be submitted for this Council's approval. The question now is that the resolutions which have been proposed by the hon. unofficial member on my right, and which have been seconded by the hon. unofficial member on my left, be agreed to. \n\nCarried nem. con. \n\n## LANDS \n\nSir, \n\n### No. 25. Colonial Office to War Office \n\nDowning Street, 3rd July, 1890. \n\nWith reference to your letter `*No. 23` of the 22nd of May last, No. Hong Kong 8 1250 3 and previous correspondence, respecting the questions of the extension of the Praya, Wall at Hong Kong, and the removal of the military departments, I am directed by Lord Knutsford to enclose, for convenience of reference, a copy of Sir William Crossman's letter of 24th September, 1881, which has been referred to as raising the question of consolidating the military departments at Causeway Bay. \n\nThis letter was communicated to you on the 14th of November, 1881, but no further action appears to have been taken on it. \n\nJOHN BRAMSTON. \n\n41 \n\nThe new barracks should be built on the high ground overlooking the bay, in such positions as may be selected by the military authorities. \n\nThis might be done by the Colony, who should prepare the whole of the new buildings. On their completion, the Imperial Government would move their men and stores into the new positions, and hand over the present Imperial property in Victoria to the Colony. \n\nThis no doubt would entail a large outlay from Colonial funds, but, from the rough estimate I have been able to make, I think that, even if the Colony has to borrow for the immediate expenditure, the money would eventually be recouped and the Government would be able, should the naval authorities coincide, to improve the town, as they have long wished to do, by continuing the Praya along the whole water front from the Murray Pier to the Ordnance Wharf at Wellington Barracks. \n\nFrom information I have received, it would appear that to build the wharf wall and reclaim the land at Causeway Bay would cost 500,000 dollars. To provide new military establishments equivalent to those now existing would cost 1,250,000 dollars. New naval establishments would cost 500,000 dollars. \n\nMaking a total cost of 2,250,000 dollars. \n\nThe land and buildings handed over occupy upwards of 80 acres of ground. A considerable quantity of this could not be built upon, but 40 acres may be said to be valuable property worth at least 2 dollars per square foot; the sale of this, exclusive of the value of the buildings themselves, would realise 2,500,000 dollars. \n\nI say nothing of making the Praya Wall along the front of the present War Department and Navy property, as the additional reclaimed land would pay for that. \n\nThe removal of the present magazines would also place at the disposal of the Colony valuable building land along the Kennedy Road. \n\nAs regards the military and Colonial requirements, I think the proposed change would be most beneficial to both departments; as to the requirements for the Navy, I do not profess to give an opinion, though I have included the removal of the naval yard in the scheme proposed; I have however forwarded confidentially a copy of this letter to the Commodore. \n\nThe estimate of cost is necessarily a very rough one, but should your Excellency think the scheme worthy of further consideration, I recommend that, in the first place, the Committee on Defences be requested to give their opinion as to the advisability of concentrating the naval and military establishments on the site I have named. \n\nIf they approve of the concentration, the Senior Naval Officer and the Officer Commanding the troops might be requested to send in to you a report on the subject, which could be forwarded with your remarks to the Secretary of State. \n\nI have forwarded a copy of this letter to the Inspector-General of Fortifications. \n\nW. CROSSMAN, Colonel, R.E. \n\n### Enclosure in No. 25. Colonel Crossman to Administrator \n\nHong Kong, 24th September, 1881. \n\nIn connection with the defences of this island, concerning which I have been directed by the War Office to confer with your Excellency, the present position of the naval and military establishments at Hong Kong is one, which, I would submit, ought to be taken into serious consideration. \n\nThe original military cantonment, on which these establishments are placed, is divided into two parts by the principal thoroughfare of the Colony, and is also, owing to land having been disposed of in former times, occupied in part by a large Chinese population. Not only are the troops, from the position of the barracks, separated from each other, but the Ordnance Store Department, which provides the whole of the naval and military armament, is distributed in five different places. \n\nThis sub-division would, in the event of an outbreak among the Chinese population, render the buildings and establishments liable to be destroyed in detail, and however unlikely such an outbreak may be under present circumstances, still, in considering the defences of Hong Kong as the principal Imperial naval station in the Pacific, such a contingency ought to be provided for. \n\nIn time of peace, also, there can be no doubt that it would be of immense advantage to the public service if all the naval and military establishments were concentrated. \n\nThe Colonial Government is at present forming a harbour of refuge at Causeway Bay, and I propose for your consideration, whether, if this harbour could be removed to some other position, such as Yaú-ma-ti Bay, it would not be as well to form, on the line of the proposed breakwater, a wharf wall which would run in about 12 feet of water, and reclaim the whole of the ground (shown yellow on plan). \n\nOn this ground so reclaimed, or on such part of it as may be necessary, the whole of the buildings and Offices connected with naval, ordnance, commissariat, and engineer (including submarine mining) establishments might be placed. \n\n### No. 26. CONTRIBUTION \n\nWar Office to Colonial Office. \n\nWar Office, 14th July, 1890. \n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acknowledge the receipt of your letter `*No. 24` of the 23rd May, covering a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, together with proceedings of the Legislative Council on the subject of the revised Military Contribution payable by that Colony in aid of the cost of its military defence. \n\nAlthough the contribution had been voted, the Government of the Colony adopted resolutions objecting to the immediate payment of the full contribution on two main grounds- \n\n1st. That the armament to be provided by the Imperial Government was not yet in position. \n\n2nd. That the full garrison had not yet been provided. \n\nIt was further objected that while your despatch of January last led the Colony to expect a garrison of 2,515 Europeans, it was understood that one of the battalions of Infantry was now to consist of Indian troops. \n\n1. Armament. Out of a total of 92 guns, only 10 are wanting to complete the armament of Hong Kong. The enclosed statement shows that of them...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-253 - Public Offices & Others - 1891",
        "content_text": "My Lord.\n\nCopy\n\nREOR\n\n0.0.\n\n9818\n\nREC 14 MAY 91\n\nHongkong Association\n\n329\n\n122 Leadenhall Street\n\n13th May 1891\n\nA telegram has been received from Hongkong. The concurrence of this Association in a writing the protest which has been formulated by the Members of the Legislative Council against the action of amer... an increased subsidy, notwithstanding that the addition to the Carrier demand had been made, and the grievance on which it was originally grounded has not yet been redressed.\n\nIt will be recollected that some years ago, in pursuance of the recommendations of Lord Carnarvon's Committee, to strengthen the defences of certain important coaling stations, the principle was laid down by Lord Hartington in the House of Commons (in July 1884) and endorsed by Lord Derby (in a despatch bearing the same date) that The Straits Settlements and Hongkong should bear the **bulk** of the necessary expenditure, contributing to the armament; and I need not recall to your Lordship's memory the cordial appreciation afterwards expressed, of the promptitude with which those works were undertaken.\n\nHongkong has expended £120,000 upon new forts; and the same surprise was felt at the supplementary demand that its former contribution of £20,000 per annum should be continued.\n\nThe Q: How Lord Knutsford G.C.M.G.  \nH.M. Secretary of State for the Colonies",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892",
        "page_number": 324,
        "title": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892",
        "content_text": "... \n\nsite for a betting many years before.\n\n321\n\n8. I beg further to point out that as a general rule Colonies should provide sites required for the purposes of their defence. No reference was made to the question of sites for the Hong Kong defences by the Committee on Colonial Military Contributions, as it is understood the Committee regarded the matter of defences at Hong Kong as practically settled. In paragraph 34 of the Report of that Committee on Hong Kong it is recommended that in addition to bearing a proportion of the cost of constructing Barracks the Colony should provide the necessary sites. The same principle would be applicable to sites for defences.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient Servant,\n[Name]... \n\n## Alternatively, a more plausible correction could be:\n... \n\nsite for a battery many years before.\n\n321\n\n8. I beg further to point out that as a general rule Colonies should provide sites required for the purposes of their defence. No reference was made to the question of sites for the Hong Kong defences by the Committee on Colonial Military Contributions, as it is understood the Committee regarded the matter of defences at Hong Kong as practically settled. In paragraph 34 of the Report of that Committee on Hong Kong it is recommended that in addition to bearing a proportion of the cost of constructing Barracks the Colony should provide the necessary sites. The same principle would be applicable to sites for defences.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour obedient Servant,\nExplanatory...",
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    {
        "id": 350774,
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        "document_key": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892",
        "page_number": 441,
        "title": "CO129-257 - Public Offices & Others - 1892",
        "content_text": "Sir,\n\nHong Kong\n\n8\n\n1298\n\n16\n\nNo. 17.\n\nColonial Office to War Office.\n\nHong Kong 8\n\n1289\n\nDowning Street,\n\n19th May, 1892.\n\nIn reply to your letter,*\n\nof 23rd March last, I am directed by Lord Knutsford to request you to inform Mr. Secretary Stanhope that his Lordship regrets that he cannot concur in the opinion that the Treasury would be a proper arbitrator in the matter referred to, which is in fact, a question between the Imperial Exchequer and the Exchequer of the Colony of Hong Kong, and his Lordship still considers that, if no agreement can be arrived at, it would be fairer to submit the point to some independent authority, such as the Lord Chancellor.\n\n2. Nor is his Lordship able to agree with the view expressed in paragraph 2 of your letter, which is at variance with that expressed in the 3rd paragraph of the letter† from this department of 4th November (sic, should be December) last.\n\n3. The general principle to be settled, once for all, could conveniently be raised and decided upon the simple case of Murray Battery, which it is proposed in paragraph 15 of War Office letter to Treasury of 31st March last\n\nHong Kong 8 (copy of which was enclosed in your letter,\n\nof the 2nd ultimo) > 1286\n\nto surrender to the Colony, \"the value being applied to the erection of barracks elsewhere.\" As this is to be paid in money, it is necessary to settle what the value is, as pointed out in the last paragraph of the letter from this department of 10th February last.\n\nEDWARD FAIRFIELD.\n\n17\n\nbe retained by the Colonial Government, and be held by them available towards the provision of such other lands and buildings as it may subsequently be necessary to acquire for defensive purposes.\"\n\n4. There is no room here for any such distinction as that which it is proposed to establish between the fee-simple value and the value of the right of user enjoyed by the Secretary of State for War. The paragraph seems to Mr. Stanhope to clearly establish the principle that the saleable value of the land is to be the value recorded by the Colony. Any other interpretation seems inconsistent with the terms used, for, obviously, no sale to a private person of the peculiar rights enjoyed by the War Office would be possible.\n\n5. Mr. Stanhope fails indeed to see that there are equitable grounds for arriving at any other conclusion. It is argued in paragraph 2 of your letter* under reply, and paragraph 3 of your letter of 4th December (not November), that what the military authorities surrender is a right of occupation only; but the right of occupation for an unlimited time is for all practical purposes as valuable as the freehold. This would be recognized in the case of any very long lease.\n\n6. Moreover, in all this discussion it must be clearly borne in mind that the recorded value of military lands remains in the possession of the Colony until its expenditure on the defences of the Colony becomes necessary.\n\nWhen that necessity arises, the value of the ceded property can only be expended within the Colony, and on lands or buildings essential to its defence. In the meantime the Colony has the use of the property, or of the unexpended funds resulting from the sale, but it has no claim to make what would really be an addition to its general funds, by permanently diverting to ordinary uses any portion of what the memorandum above referred to properly describes as \"a capital sum devoted to defensive purposes.\"\n\n7. The proposal to make some arbitrary fixed deduction from the freehold value of ceded lands, in order to get at the value of the user, could only result in the establishment of a rule always open to dispute, both as to military lands surrendered to the Colony and lands to be assigned to the War Office, and would offer no such firm practical basis for a settlement as is afforded by adopting the saleable value as the recorded value,\n\nNo. 18.\n\nWar Office to Colonial Office,\n\nWar Office,\n\n4th July, 1892.\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 19th May, enclosing a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, and discussing generally the principles on which the value of military lands surrendered to a Colony should be assessed.\n\n2. To Mr. Secretary Stanhope it seems that those principles were laid down with sufficient precision in paragraph 56 of Report No. 5 of the Committee on Colonial Contributions, dealing with the subject of Colonial military lands and buildings, which paragraph was, after full consideration of the report adopted by the War Office, Treasury, and Colonial Office, and embodied, in identical terms, in the memorandum which accompanied the circular despatch addressed to the various Colonies by the Colonial Office on the 9th June, 1890,\n\n3. The paragraph in question (paragraph 56 of Report and 4 of Memorandum), runs as follows:---\n\n\"It is therefore considered that all such military properties and their values should be treated as part of a capital sum devoted to defensive purposes and that, when they are disposed of by sale, or by transfer to the civil Government, their realized or estimated values should, as hereinafter detailed,\n\n† No. 12\n\nt No. 15.\n\n§ No. 17.\n\nSub-Enclosure in No. 9.\n\n* No. 16.\n\n9. Mr. Secretary Stanhope regrets, further, that he is unable to assent to the proposal that the question of the mode of valuing the abandoned sites should be submitted to some independent arbitrator, as, for instance, to the Lord Chancellor. No doubt the question is in one sense, between the Imperial Exchequer and the Exchequer of the Colony at Hong Kong. But as much might be said of all questions relating to the Colonial Contributions, and yet such questions have not been referred to any arbitrator, but have been settled by the Home Government.\n\nThis special question is not one of law, and it seems to Mr. Stanhope that it should, in the first place, be referred to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury; and if Lord Knutsford finds himself unable to accept their decision, that the matter should be finally settled by the Cabinet.\n\n• No. 12.\n\n(585)\n\nRALPH THOMPSON.",
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    {
        "id": 353218,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "page_number": 206,
        "title": "CO129-261 - Public Offices & Others - 1893",
        "content_text": "Hong Kong\n\n8\n\n1298\n\nSir,\n\n16\n\nNo. 17.\n\nColonial Office to War Office.\n\nDowning Street,\n\n19th May, 1892. Hong Kong 8 In reply to your letter,*\n\nof 23rd March last, I am directed \" 1289 by Lord Knutsford to request you to inform Mr. Secretary Stanhope that his Lordship regrets that he cannot concur in the opinion that the Treasury would be a proper arbitrator in the matter referred to, which is in fact a question between the Imperial Exchequer and the Exchequer of the Colony of Hong Kong, and his Lordship still considers that, if no agreement can be arrived at, it would be fairer to submit the point to some independent authority, such as the Lord Chancellor.\n\n2. Nor is his Lordship able to agree with the view expressed in paragraph 2 of your letter, which is at variance with that expressed in the 3rd paragraph of the letter from this department of 4th November (sic, should be December) last.\n\n1286\n\n3. The general principle to be settled, once for all, could conveniently be raised and decided upon the simple case of Murray Battery, which it is proposed in paragraph 15 of War Office letter to Treasury of 31st March last\n\nHong Kong 8\n\nof the 2nd ultimo) (copy of which was enclosed in your letter, to surrender to the Colony, \"the value being applied to the erection of barracks elsewhere.\" As this is to be paid in money, it is necessary to settle what the value is, as pointed out in the last paragraph of the letter from this department of 10th February last.\n\nEDWARD FAIRFIELD.\n\n4\n\n17\n\nbe retained by the Colonial Government, and be held by them available towards the provision of such other lands, and buildings as it may subsequently be necessary to acquire for defensive purposes.\"\n\n4. There is no room here for any such distinction as that which it is proposed to establish between the fee-simple value and the value of the right of user enjoyed by the Secretary of State for War. Mr. Stanhope to clearly establish the principle that the saleable value of the The paragraph seems to land is to be the value recorded by the Colony. seems inconsistent with the terms used, for, obviously, no sale to a private Any other interpretation persons of the peculiar rights enjoyed by the War Office would be possible.\n\n5. Mr. Stanhope fails indeed to see that there are equitable grounds for arriving at any other conclusion. It is argued in paragraph 2 of your letter under reply, and paragraph 3 of your letter of 4th December (not November), that what the military authorities surrender is a right of occupation only; but the right of occupation for an unlimited time is for all practical purposes as valuable as the freehold. This would be recognized in the case of any very long lease.\n\n6. Moreover, in all this discussion it must be clearly borne in mind that the recorded value of military lands remains in the possession of the Colony until its expenditure on the defences of the Colony becomes necessary. When\n\nthat necessity arises, the value of the ceded property can only be expended within the Colony, and on lands or buildings essential to its defence. In the meantime the Colony has the use of the property, or of the unexpended funds resulting from the sale, but it has no claim to make what would really be an addition to its general funds, by permanently diverting to ordinary uses any portion of what the memorandum above referred to properly describes as\n\na capital sum devoted to defensive purposes.\"\n\n7. The proposal to make some arbitrarily fixed deduction from the freehold value of ceded lands, in order to get at the value of the user, could only result in in the establishment of a rule always open to dispute, both as to military lands surrendered to the Colony and lands to be assigned to the War Office, and would offer no such firm practical basis for a settlement as is afforded by adopting the saleable value as the recorded value,\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 18.\n\nWar Office to Colonial Office.\n\nWar Office,\n\n4th July, 1892. I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acknowledge the receipt of your letters of the 19th May, enclosing a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong, and discussing generally the principles on which the value of military lands surrendered to a Colony should be assessed.\n\n2. To Mr. Secretary Stanhope it seems that those principles were laid down with sufficient precision in paragraph 56 of Report No. 5 of the Committee on Colonial Contributions, dealing with the subject of Colonial military lands and buildings, which paragraph was, after full consideration of the report adopted by the War Office, Treasury, and Colonial Office, and embodied, in identical terms, in the memorandum which accompanied the circular despatch addressed to the various Colonies by the Colonial Office on the 9th June, 1890.\n\n3. The paragraph in question (paragraph 56 of Report and 4 of Memo- randum) runs as follows:-\n\n\"It is therefore considered that all such military properties and their values should be treated as part of a capital sum devoted to defensive purposes and that, when they are disposed of by sale, or by transfer to the civil Government, their realized or estimated values should, as hereinafter detailed,\n\n† No. 12\n\nNo. 15. § No. 17.\n\nSub-Enclosure in No. 9.\n\n* No. 16.\n\n9. Mr. Secretary Stanhope regrets, further, that he is unable to assent to the proposal that the question of the mode of valuing the abandoned sites should be submitted to some independent arbitrator, as, for instance, to the Lord Chancellor. No doubt the question is in one sense, between the Imperial Exchequer and the Exchequer of the Colony at Hong Kong. But as much might be said of all questions relating to the Colonial Contributions, and yet such questions have not been referred to any arbitrator, but have been settled by the Home Government.\n\nThis special question is not one of law, and it seems to Mr. Stanhope that it should, in the first place, be referred to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury; and if Lord Knutsford finds himself unable to accept their decision, that the matter should be finally settled by the Cabinet.\n\n• No. 12.\n\n(385)\n\nRALPH THOMPSON.\n\nE\n\n204",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 218,
        "title": "CO129-262 - Governor Sir Robinson Acting Governor O-Brien - 1894 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "216\n\nE. R. Fremantle on the subject of\n\nLocal Defence.\n\nI would explain with regard\n\nH\n\nletter of the 27\n\n4-0\n\npara. I of my January 1893 to which Admiral\n\nFremantle calls.\n\nmy attention, that\n\nthat he\n\nfully\n\nin it His Excellency complained\n\nwas not kept as\n\ninformed as he might be of the\n\nproceedings and discussions of the Local Defence Committee.\n\nYour Lordship will observe that\n\nowing to\n\nrepresentations I made\n\nto General Barker, Admiral\n\nand is well satisfied generally\n\nwith the State of the Defences of\n\nthis Colony.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient\n\nhumble Servant\n\nWillem Robingry(?)\n\nFremantle has\n\nnow been fully\n\ninformed of all that has passed\n\nand is\n\nIt appears that there are a few OCR errors and formatting issues in the original text. Here is a corrected version in HTML format:\n\n216\n\nE. R. Fremantle on the subject of Local Defence.\n\nI would explain with regard to my letter of the 27th para. I of my January 1893 to which Admiral Fremantle calls my attention, that in it His Excellency complained that he was not kept as fully informed as he might be of the proceedings and discussions of the Local Defence Committee.\n\nYour Lordship will observe that owing to representations I made to General Barker, Admiral Fremantle is well satisfied generally with the State of the Defences of this Colony.\n\nI have the honour to be, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient humble Servant\n\nWillem Robinson(?)\n\nFremantle has now been fully informed of all that has passed and is...\n\nHowever, to follow the exact instructions given:\n\n216\n\nE. R. Fremantle on the subject of Local Defence.\n\nI would explain with regard to my letter of the 27th para. I of my January 1893 to which Admiral Fremantle calls my attention, that in it His Excellency complained that he was not kept as fully informed as he might be of the proceedings and discussions of the Local Defence Committee.\n\nYour Lordship will observe that owing to representations I made to General Barker, Admiral Fremantle is well satisfied generally with the State of the Defences of this Colony.\n\nI have the honour to be, My Lord, Your Lordship's most obedient humble Servant\n\nWillem Robingry\n\nFremantle has now been fully informed of all that has passed and is\n\nLet's correct \"Willem Robingry\" to a more plausible name, potentially \"William Robinson\", but we will stick to the original as per the instructions not to change the content unless it's an obvious OCR error or spacing issue. The name \"Willem Robingry\" is likely an error but without further context, it's hard to correct with certainty. Thus, the corrected version is provided as is.",
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    {
        "id": 355833,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 110,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "## \n\nIn the reply to this Letter the following Number should be quoted.\n\n\" \n\n16137 \n94 \nSir, \n\n**TREASURY CHAMBERS** \nC.O. \n6th November 1894. \n\n19472 \nRect REcd 7 NOV 94 \n105 \nTreas \n18351 \n\nThe Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury have had before Them your letter of the 31st ultimo, in which the Marquess of Ripon invites them to waive one of the conditions recommended by the Colonial Military Contributions Committee in 1888, and never heretofore objected to by the Colonial Office, regarding the proportion of the cost of new Barracks to be borne by the Colony of Hong Kong. \n\nThe condition in question is contained in the last words of paragraph 34 of the Report of the Committee dated 27th July 1888, which are underlined in red ink in the following copy of that paragraph.\n\n34. \"After devoting the realized, or estimated value of the surrendered sites to the provision of the required accommodation for the garrison, the Committee consider that the balance required to complete that accommodation should be divided as follows:- One third against Colonial and two thirds against Imperial revenues, being about the proportions in which the capital expenditure on defences has been shared; the Colony in addition providing the necessary sites for the Barracks\"\n\nThe Committee go on to explain in the next paragraph that in their opinion, when land is required for ...\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \n**COLONIAL OFFICE**.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 358094,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "page_number": 259,
        "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]",
        "content_text": "## Government House\n31st July 1895.\n\nWith reference to Lord Ripon's **Confidential Despatch** of the 7th Feb, I have the honour to transmit herewith a further report on the Defences of this Colony, prepared by the local Joint Military and Naval Committee.\n\nand Copies of the Report and of the Committee's remarks on it have been sent direct to the War Office.\n\nRetained the chart as `GR 1178/1922/32(III)` \n28/3/95 \n`RM 20711` \n`C.O. 15598` \nRec'd (Rear 4 SEP 36) \n254 \n# \n1982 \nCeylon.\n\nRight Honourable \nSir Joseph Chamberlain, M.P.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 359105,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "page_number": 511,
        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "# Report of \n\n## 9--11.\n\n4 \n\n### 9. \nSir Hercules Robinson, who was sent to Singapore in 1863 to investigate the question, reported that the necessary military expenditure would absorb 26 per cent. of the revenue, and that the cost of the garrison should be borne by the Colony. \n\n### 10. \nThe Colonial Office failed to satisfy the Treasury that \"the transfer could be effected without entailing expenditure on Imperial funds,\" and it was not carried out. \n\n### 11. \nIn 1864-65, memorials were addressed to the Colonial Office by merchants and others interested in the Settlements, stating that the revenue was increasing and that the military expenditure might be decreased.\n\n### 12. \nThe Colonial Office, in again bringing the matter to the notice of the War Office, said:  \n\"As it is an essential condition of the transfer that the revenue should be able to meet its entire expenditure, military as well as civil, Mr. Cardwell would suggest whether some reduction may not be made in the amount of force recommended.\"  \nAnd suggested that the European Infantry, if required, might form part of the Hong Kong force, and not be charged to the Colony.\n\n### 13. \nAbout the same time, there was a discussion as to the Hong Kong garrison, and it was decided that one wing of an Infantry regiment belonging to Hong Kong should be kept at Singapore, but liable to be removed at any moment for Imperial purposes, and, therefore, that no charge should be made to the Colony for it.* In addition to this, the cost of the garrison was estimated at £46,200, and Mr. Cardwell submitted to the Treasury that a contribution of that amount should be accepted, and that the Colony should also provide barrack accommodation for the whole garrison, or for any greater number that may be demanded for the defence of the place.\n\n*The quartering of a wing of the Hong Kong Regiment was authorized, not because the Imperial Government recognised that there were Imperial obligations connected with the defence of the Straits, it having distinctly and repeatedly declined to assume any responsibility for either the civil or military expenditure of the Colony, but because, on sanitary grounds, Singapore was more suitable for European troops than Hong Kong, and was yet sufficiently within reach of that station to admit of a portion of its garrison being kept at Singapore, while its being there entailed no extra cost on the Imperial Government, for had it not been at Singapore it must have been maintained at Hong Kong. Without, therefore, departing from the principle it has so repeatedly asserted, that no expense should be entailed on the Exchequer by the transfer, the Government was enabled to give relief to the Colonial revenues by an arrangement which, while it permitted the Straits garrison to be kept at the lowest possible strength, supplemented that strength without additional cost to the Colony or to the Exchequer. It was distinctly understood, however, both under the agreement of 1866 and under that of 1871, when this arrangement was repeated, that the wing of the Hong Kong Regiment formed no part of the permanent garrison of Singapore, and that it was liable to removal whenever necessary without giving rise to any reduction in the Colonial Contribution, which covered no portion of its cost. This arrangement, which for 23 years has given such large relief to the Colonial Exchequer, is no longer practicable. It is now necessary that the garrison of Hong Kong should be complete in itself, and the detachment of a wing of one of its Infantry regiments to Singapore, even in time of peace, can no longer be authorized, and Singapore must now rely entirely upon its own garrison. It is a mistake, therefore, to suppose that the Government, by the arrangements of 1866 and 1871, recognised that there were Imperial obligations in regard to the military expenditure of the Straits Settlements, or that any obligations, as regards the wing of the Hong Kong Regiment, exist at the present time, and have just as much effect now as in the years referred to. That arrangement was a temporary one, dependent for its continuance on conditions which have ceased to exist; but while it was a very favourable one to the Colony, it in no wise invalidated the general principle, accepted by the Colony in 1866, that its transfer should not entail any expenditure on the Exchequer for its civil or military establishments.\n\n### 14. \nThe Treasury, on 12th May, 1866, pointed out that the estimate was defective, and that the real cost would probably be £59,300 a-year. Mr. Childers said:  \n\"I am desired to observe that from the first it has been a condition insisted upon by this Board, and repeatedly acknowledged by Mr. Cardwell in the correspondence respecting these Settlements, that their transfer was to entail no expense whatever on the Imperial Exchequer. It would therefore follow that the proposition contained in your letter does not meet the case as now put forward, and as my Lords must adhere to the determination not to impose on the Imperial Exchequer any charge on account of the Settlements, the transfer of which is not desired by this country, but by the inhabitants of the Settlements themselves, their Lordships would not feel justified in giving their assent to the introduction of the bill until they are satisfied that no charge whatever will be entailed on the finances of this country.\"\n\n### 15. \nMr. Cardwell, \"after consulting those who are interested in the transfer of the Straits Settlements,\" agreed to a contribution of £59,500 for five years, the maintenance of the barracks for the wing of the Hong Kong Regiment being paid for out of Imperial funds.\n\n### 16. \nIn 1866, the military expenditure of the Colony absorbed 27 per cent. of its revenues.\n\n### 17. \nFor the five years 1867-71, during which this arrangement was in force, the Colonial military expenditure averaged 22 per cent. of its revenue.\n\n### 18. \nThe Committee of 1871, following the principle laid down in 1866 that the Colony should bear the whole cost of its garrison, except the wing of the regiment belonging to the Hong Kong garrison, recommended not only that it should bear the charge for the garrison, but that it should provide barracks for the whole garrison, and that the total cost of the defences then contemplated, including works, armaments, and torpedoes, estimated at £30,000, should \"devolve upon the Colony.\" The Council objected to the latter charge on the ground that the defence of Singapore \"against external attack is an Imperial duty,\" but Lord Kimberley, then Secretary of State for the Colonies, declined to admit that plea and upheld the recommendation of the Committee.\n\n### 19. \nIn reviewing these transactions, the Committee of 1888 stated that they understood the broad general principle underlying the foregoing arrangements to have been that the Colonial Government was to defray the full cost of the garrison required for its defence.\n\n### 20. \nIn 1871, the Colony commenced the series of protests against being charged the full cost of its garrison, which have continued until the present time, and which in terms are almost identical with previous protests made while the Settlements were under Indian rule.\n\n### 21. \nBearing in mind the following facts:  \n(1.) That the object of the Colony in pressing for its transfer to Imperial rule was to diminish the heavy military charges it incurred under Indian rule;  \n(2.) That those charges between 1858 and 1866 varied from 67 to 27 per cent. of its revenue;  \n(3.) That the contribution received from the Colony between 1867 and 1888 fell gradually from 22 to 67 per cent. of its revenue, the charge to Imperial funds rising gradually to £74,730 a-year in 1894;  \n(4.) That the Colonial Office, on behalf of those representing the Settlements, agreed, as a condition of transfer, that the Colony should bear the full cost of the garrison required for its defence;  \n(5.) That since the revision of 1889, its contribution has never exceeded two-thirds, and in 1894 was little more than one-half, of the cost of its garrison, and that the average charge on its gross revenues for the years 1889-94 has been only 16·05, compared with 27 per cent. in 1865, and with about 33 per cent., which would have been the charge under Indian rule;  \nit cannot be said that the Colony has not achieved the object it had in view in seeking transfer to Imperial rule, nor that the agreement of 1866 has been violated, to the detriment of the Colony.\n\n### 22. \nIf the Colony had been disappointed in its expectations; if its military charges under Imperial rule had exceeded those of its lowest charge under Indian rule, viz., 27 per cent. of its revenue (in 1866), it might have had some plausible grounds on which to base a claim for special consideration, but as long as the military charges for its defence absorb a less proportion of revenue than that which it voluntarily agreed to on its transfer, it can have no claim whatever for relief, except on the ground of inability to meet its necessary expenditure.\n\n### 23. \nThe Committee, therefore, consider that the Straits Settlements, when financially capable of bearing the charge, with due regard to the welfare of the Colony, should assume the full cost of the garrison necessary for its defence, and that the objections it has urged for so many years against the principle of charging the cost of its military defence to local revenues (the Imperial Government bearing the whole cost of its naval defence) are inconsistent with the terms of its transfer, and should not be entertained.\n\n### 24. \nThe Colonial contention that it should not be charged, under the agreement of 1866, with the full cost of its garrison has no immediate practical importance. It is many years since the Colony has defrayed the full cost of its garrison, and there is, under its existing financial conditions, little prospect of its being able to do so in the immediate future.\n\nPage 5  \nPage (237)  \nB  \n506",
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    {
        "id": 359110,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "page_number": 516,
        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "## \n5. I now proceed very briefly to set forth the situation which Her Majesty's Government have had before them, and the decision which they have arrived at thereon.\n\n6. Since the transfer of the Straits Settlements from the control of the Indian to that of the Home Government, the Home and the Colonial authorities have frequently been at issue as to the claims which the former is entitled to make upon the latter on account of the cost of its garrison and its defences, with the practical result that while the cost of the garrison increased, the contribution received from the Colony decreased, so that the charge for the military protection of the Colony was an ever-increasing burden on the Home Government, a burden from which, in its view of the matter, it should have been wholly relieved by the Colony. In 1889, the Government decided to put an end to this state of things, and to place the question on a more satisfactory footing. Whilst reaffirming the principle, on which the transfer of the Settlements was accepted by the Government in 1866, that it was entitled to look to the Colony for the whole cost of its garrison, it confined itself, as regarded the then current year and the four succeeding years, to a demand which amounted to an average charge of £99,000 a-year, that is, £86,951 for 1889 and £100,000 for each succeeding year, plus £8,000 dollars per annum military lodging allowance for all five years, although the total estimated cost of the garrison exceeded £136,000. An intimation was at the same time given that thereafter the Colony must expect that the charge on its revenue would be enhanced. The latest returns of Colonial revenue before the Government were those of 1888, which showed receipts amounting to 3,858,909 dollars, whilst the Treasury rates of exchange for 1889 indicated that such a contribution as was then demanded might probably be discharged by an annual payment of 650,000 dollars a-year, or about 17 per cent. of the Colonial revenue. In the event, it proved that the average annual revenue was 3,973,000 dollars, whilst the Military Contribution was discharged by an average payment of about 639,000 dollars, involving a charge of a little over 16 per cent. of the average revenue.\n\n7. As regards the whole quinquennial period, therefore, the burden was slightly less onerous than that which the Government contemplated. In the latter months of that period, however, the conditions began to change so rapidly, in a direction adverse to the Colony, that on examining them Her Majesty's Government came to the conclusion that the Straits Settlements had, in the words used by Mr. Goschen in the House of Commons during the Debate of 1891, \"become less able to bear the contribution\" of £100,000 than they were; and that, in accordance with the undertaking given by Mr. Goschen, Her Majesty's Government were bound to reconsider the question. But their view as to the ability of the Colony to bear the former charge must not be taken as applying further than to the immediate future. A careful examination of all the facts relating to trade, shipping, population, and revenue, has by no means convinced the Government that, taking the quinquennial period 1894-98 as a whole, the Colony may not be able to bear an average charge of £100,000 per annum, the amounts forborne in earlier years being made good in later and more prosperous ones.\n\n8. They have, therefore, decided that the Colonial Military Contribution shall be reduced to £80,000 and £90,000 for the years 1894 and 1895 respectively, and they have provisionally fixed the contributions for the years 1896, 1897, 1898 at £100,000, £110,000, and £120,000. This arrangement will give a sensible relief to the Colony for the years 1894-95, and during 1895 a more trustworthy forecast will be possible of the financial conditions that will probably rule the remainder of the quinquennial period.\n\n9. Should unexpected circumstances arise, such as a further material fall in silver, a serious check to, or diversion of, trade, or losses from other causes materially affecting the financial position of the Colony, Her Majesty's Government will not fail to take note of the altered situation and to consider any representation which the Colony may make as regards the situation generally, and especially as regards the enhanced payments for the later years of the present quinquennial period. In arriving at an immediate decision on such a question as this, the unexpected cannot be taken into calculation in one direction or another, and, assuming that the conditions remain normal, and that there is a continuation of that moderate expansion in the dollar value of the trade which is already apparent, Her Majesty's Government entertain the belief that the charge above proposed will prove to be a reasonable one. The claim of £80,000, in respect of the current year, will be discharged by a payment of about 729,000 dollars, or about 113,000 dollars less than the sum authorized by the Colonial Estimates and Appropriation Ordinance. If in other respects the Estimates of the current year are realized, the anticipated deficit of 7,968 dollars will be converted into a surplus of about 105,000 dollars.\n\n10. As regards the year 1895, I learn from you that the revenue (which has been materially increased by fresh taxation) is estimated approximately at 3,950,000 dollars, and the civil charges, on the expenditure side of the account, at about 3,075,000 dollars. To those charges must be added the Military Contribution of £90,000, which, at a probable exchange of about 9 dollars to the pound sterling, would bring up the total civil and military charge (excluding any sums voted by way of capital expenditure on barracks) to about 3,920,000 dollars, leaving an estimated surplus of 30,000 dollars.\n\n11. I will not attempt to forecast in any detail the finances of the years beyond 1895, but Her Majesty's Government consider that they are not over sanguine in anticipating that there will be a moderate increase, under various heads, in the receipts of each year, and that by a steady application of the principles of economy recently formulated by the Retrenchment Committee, the necessary civil charge may be kept down to something like 3,000,000 dollars a-year. It seems, therefore, not too much to hope that the Colony may be able to provide for the Military Contribution now asked for and all civil charges without incurring a deficit in any year of the quinquennial period, and that there will even be a balance on the period as a whole, which balance, together with what remains of existing Colonial balances, the Colony may be able to devote to some extent to the construction of the new barrack accommodation, rendered necessary by the increased and concentrated garrison of Singapore, for, as I need hardly explain, the obligations of the Colony in respect to military lands and buildings, must, in the view of Her Majesty's Government, continue, as it has existed since 1866, as explained in Lord Knutsford's despatch of the 13th December, 1889.\n\n12. Should the Colony prefer to provide for the capital expenditure on barrack accommodation by way of loan, Her Majesty's Government would not object to such an alternative mode of proceeding.\n\n13. With regard to the actual cost of the garrison, it may be as well that I should give the following explanation:-In 1888 the Government anticipated that the cost of the garrison would be about £136,000 a-year. As the garrison has been usually under its establishment, and as part of the expenditure has been in silver, it might be supposed that the actual charge would have fallen short of the estimate. I am informed, however, that the contrary was the case—and that owing to the cost of sea transport and other items having been under-estimated—the actual average cost, after converting the silver expenditure into sterling, has been at the rate of £144,000 a-year.\n\n14. As regards the quinquennial period now current, the estimated annual expenditure on the basis of an authorized strength of 1,570, is £154,730, so that, assuming the Home Government makes good its anticipation of receiving £500,000 for that period from the Colony, there will still remain a charge of £273,650 to be borne by the people of this country, who are much more heavily taxed than the people of the Straits Settlements, and who are only able to devote to civil purposes about 36 per cent. of their revenue, as against ... per cent, or more, so available at the Straits Settlements.\n\n80\n\n15. In thus announcing to you the decision of Her Majesty's Government, I have avoided dwelling upon controversial matter. The question has been already argued out with great ability and mastery of detail in the papers presented to Parliament in 1891 (`C. 6290`) and in a further series of State papers, which will be presented to Parliament together with this despatch. It seems, therefore, superfluous for me to say more than that Her Majesty's Government desires to associate themselves with the statements of principle and arguments set forth by Lord Knutsford in his various despatches, and that they reserve all rights claimed by him on behalf of the Home Government, should a fuller assertion of them appear reasonable on or after 1899.\n\n**RIPON** \n## \n511",
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        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "40 \n\nAdams, Fraser, Sugden, Buckley, King, Moir, Grigor, Taylor, Crane, (2) Braddell, (2) St. Clair, Raeburn, Neave, Gunn, B. de Thuy, Spencer Pratt, Reid, Gentle, MacRitchie, Maclaren, Allinson, Lim Boon Keng, Tan Jiak Kim, and several other prominent Chinese; all the leading members of the Eurasian community; in fact, nearly every class of mercantile or trading house in the Settlement was represented, the seats being filled, and all the doorways being crowded, chiefly by Europeans who came later than the Asiatics. There were also present the Revs. G. M. Reith, A. Lamont, Gomes, and Munson.\n\nPromptly at 5 o'clock Mr. Arnot Reid proposed that Mr. W. Nanson be elected to the chair, saying that it was desirable that a member of the committee of the Straits Settlements Association local branch should preside. The proposal was adopted by acclamation, and Mr. Nanson took the chair.\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN**\n\nMr. W. Nanson (of Messrs. Rodyk and Davidson, advocates and solicitors), who was supported on his right by Mr. Napier, and on his left by Dr. Lim Boon Keng, said: This meeting has been called at the instance of the Straits Settlements Association in order that the public of Singapore may have the opportunity of expressing their approval of the action which has been taken by some of the unofficial members of the Legislative Council, all, I believe, of the Justices of the Peace of this Settlement who are not connected with the Government, and all the resident members of the Chinese Advisory Board for Singapore, in resigning their offices as a protest against the decision of the Imperial Government with regard to the Military Contribution of this Colony. These gentlemen have, in the interests of the public, resigned offices of honour and dignity, and it is only fitting that you should express your gratitude to them for their unselfish and magnanimous conduct. (Applause.) Gentlemen, your presence here to-day in such numbers will, I am sure, be exceedingly gratifying to the Straits Settlements Association, which, as you know, has for months past, with small success and slight encouragement, been fighting the battle of this Colony against the unjust and arbitrary exactions of the Imperial Government. (Applause.) Gentlemen, I trust that you will show your appreciation of the efforts of the Association, and the conduct of the gentlemen who have resigned their offices, by passing to-day a hearty and a unanimous resolution of approval. It is not for me to do more than briefly tell you what is the object of this meeting, and therefore I shall at once call upon Mr. Napier, the Hon. Secretary of the Straits Settlements Association, to propose the resolution which he has to submit to you. (Applause.)\n\n**MR. NAPIER**\n\nMr. W. J. Napier (of Messrs. Drew and Napier, advocates and solicitors) rose and said, Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, the resolution which I have to submit to you this evening is as follows:\n\nThat this meeting heartily approves of the action of the members of the Legislative Council, the Justices of the Peace, and the members of the Chinese Advisory Board in resigning their offices as a protest against the decision of the Imperial Government with regard to the Military Contribution for the Colony.\n\nWhen I was complimented by being asked to propose this resolution, I agreed to it with rather a light heart, but I had not the responsibility fully before me as I now have it. A day or two ago I found in the Straits Times, a newspaper which you know has the largest circulation in the far East. (Hear, hear, and laughter.) There I found that my responsibilities were very heavy. I then, for the first time, found out that Lord Ripon would probably scan my speech to find means with which to confound the Colony's cause. I was there told that I must not use any violent language. I do not intend to use violent language. I was there told that I must not try to tickle the ears of my enthusiastic sympathisers in this court. I don't think I am capable of tickling anyone's ears. I was told that I must say something that would read reasonably to people at home. That I will try to do. We have come here this evening to protest against Lord Ripon's despatch. That despatch was the reply made by Downing Street to the prayer of the Colony to be relieved of the burden which is and has been crippling its resources for the last five years. A perusal of that despatch seems to me to show how totally the interests of the Colony are subordinated to meet the requirements of the Imperial Exchequer. A perusal of that despatch will show you that civil expenses are to be restricted to 3,000,000 dollars, and how much is to be set aside to meet the military requirements of the Colony? What remains of Colonial balances is to be devoted to military purposes. You will see, also, that eventually we are expected to pay every penny of the charge for military establishment which the War Office may think fit to call upon the Colony to pay. The amount estimated for that establishment in 1889 was 186,000l. But for the period of the next five years, 1894 to 1898, this sum had increased to 154,730l. a-year; and I have no doubt that there will be a further increase in the future. But then, in addition to all that, there is the additional burden hanging over us of providing barrack accommodation for the troops. It is not necessary for me to go into the thorny subject as to how far it is proper for a Colony to contribute to \n\n41 \n\nworks of Imperial defence in the interests of the Empire. I would point out to you that if this place was not an Imperial coaling station a very small number of troops would suffice for its defence. As the Times in a recent article says: \"The Colony has good ground for the contention that the added cost of its defence has fallen upon it in consequence of the Imperial importance of Singapore.\" Now we have never stood upon what I may call the strict letter of our obligations, but this Colony has always been willing to contribute towards the maintenance of the troops placed here for military purposes. Sir Charles Tupper, discussing the question as to how far Canada was bound to contribute towards the maintenance of the Army and Navy of England, said: \"No contribution to the support of the Army and Navy on the part of Canada would have contributed to the strength and greatness of the Empire in a greater degree than the mode in which the public money of Canada has been expended.\" He pointed to the enormous tracts of country which Canada had developed, making her the granary of the world. He pointed to the subsidised steamships which, in times of need, could be used as armed cruisers; and, finally, he pointed to the railway, that Imperial highway, stretching from Ocean to Ocean, and concluded by saying, \"That, instead of adding to its defences, the strength of a Colony would be impaired by taking away the means which it requires for its development.\" I would ask you if this Colony has cost the Mother Country something, whether it has not given anything back in return. Look at the development of the Colony since 1867, take, for instance, the tonnage which has entered and cleared in the three Settlements, exclusive of native craft. In 1866, that amounted to 1,661,683 tons, and in 1888 this had grown to 9,192,855 tons. Then look at the Native States which we have opened up, the greatest tin-producing area in the world. Look, too, at our docks and local shipping. And lastly, look at the lighting of the Straits, which are probably the best lighted straits in the whole world, and I say we can point with pride to that and be assured that, in what we have done, we have increased the strength and stability of the Empire. I repeat again that it appears to me that the salient point in the despatch of Lord Ripon's is the subordination of the interests of the Colony to the Imperial Exchequer. We have tried all means in our power to get this wrong righted; we have had public meetings, we have had deputations to the Governor, and to the Secretary of State; and it has all been of no avail. Now, the only course left is, I think, the action that has been taken by those gentlemen whose action we have come to approve to-day. That resignation has, it seems to me, been deliberately provoked by the Imperial Government. In 1890 Mr. Adamson, who was a member of Legislative Council, made a speech when this 100,000l. contribution was first introduced. A despatch was received from home, ordering us to pay that sum without any previous consultation with the Colony on the subject. Mr. Adamson then said: \"That such a course would reduce the Council to a position in which it would be absolutely impossible for any man to take a seat in it.\" Again, in May, 1893, when he made that able address to Lord Ripon, he gave the following opinion: \"If the non-officials of the Council are appointed for one object more than another, I cannot for my part conceive that it will be possible to get men with any self-respect to sit on the Legislative Council, if this chief duty is to be taken entirely from their hands and dealt with by votes given under instructions from Downing Street.\n\nWe are here to support the action of members of the Legislative Council, Justices of the Peace, and members of the Chinese Advisory Board. It would be presumptuous on my part to attempt to appraise the merits of these gentlemen. They have done their duty. We have now to appeal from Downing Street to the people of England. I know the old rhyme: \"Give a poor man his beer and his bacca, And he don't care a d- for the Straits of Malacca.\" But since then the difference existing between England and her Colonies has been gradually swept away. From a recent article in the Times, to which I have already alluded, I believe our cause will obtain a fair hearing at home. The article ended as follows: The Colonial proposal to increase its original contribution from 50,000l. to 70,000l. seems to present a fair compromise based on a calculation of the respective interests to be served.\" The Letters Patent, as was pointed out a few months ago [in the Straits Times], give the Legislative Council full power for the raising and the expenditure of public revenue as may be deemed advisable for the peace, good order, and good government of our subjects within our Settlements or within any territory which may at any time be part of or dependent on the same.\" That is to say, the charter only authorizes the revenue of the Colony to be applied for the good of the people in the Colony, and for the good of the people there. I say that the Legislative Council by its official votes instigated by Downing Street, and in opposition to the unanimous vote, from time to time, of the unofficial members, has been diverting the money of the Colony in a manner which is alien to the Letters Patent. (Applause.) It appears to me that the appropriation of the revenue of the Colony, in total opposition to the wishes of the Colony, is contrary to every principle of the British Constitution. (Immense applause.) Why should any man, because he crosses the seas and comes here, lose that right, which every working man at home has, of taking a share in",
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        "content_text": "# \n## 6. \nAt the end of 1891, there was a deficit of revenue of 772,375 dollars, and, again, in 1892, of 627,297 dollars. The reserves, amounting to 1,364,000 dollars, built up for meeting \"emergencies which might arise in the future owing to bad seasons, depression of trade, or other calamity,\" had been swept into the Military Chest, and it became evident that the financial position of the Colony was most serious. Fresh representations were made to the Home Government, and in particular on 15th May, 1893, by a deputation of the Straits Settlements Association to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. Lord Ripon promised that he would lay the case fairly and fully before his colleagues, and added that three departments were interested in the question, the Colonial Office, the War Office, and the Treasury.\n\n## 7. \nThe Colony waited patiently for the decision of Her Majesty's Government, which was not made known in Singapore till January of the present year, by the publication of a despatch from Lord Ripon to the Governor of the Straits Settlements, dated 6th November, 1894. His Lordship intimated that it had been decided that the Colony would be charged as follows:\n\n| Year | Charge |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1894 | - |\n| 1895 | £70,000 |\n| 1896 | £80,000 |\n| 1897 | £100,000 |\n| 1898 | £110,000 (provisionally), £120,000 |\n\nThe intimation that the charges in 1896-97-98 are provisional and may be reconsidered appears valueless in face of the hope expressed that, \"by a steady application of the principles of economy, recently formulated by the Retrenchment Committee, the necessary civil charges may be kept down to something like 3,000,000 dollars a year.\" It seems, therefore, not too much to hope that the Colony may be able to provide for the Military Contribution and all civil charges without incurring a deficit in the quinquennial period, and that there will even be a balance on the period as a whole, which balance, together with what remains of existing Colonial balances, the Colony may be able to devote to some extent to the construction of new barracks.\n\nWhile admitting that, \"in accordance with the undertaking given by Mr. Goschen in 1891, Her Majesty's Government were bound to reconsider the question,\" Lord Ripon states that this undertaking \"must not be taken as applying further than to the immediate future.\"\n\nThe following contrast may be noted between the state of the Colony's finances when Mr. Goschen gave his undertaking and the present position, with the charges actual and prospective:\n\n| Year | Revenue (dollars) | Military charges (dollars) |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| 1890 | 4,269,000 | 650,000 |\n| 1895 | 4,000,000 | 800,000 |\n| 1896 | ... | 1,000,000 (Expected small increase) |\n| 1897 | ... | 1,110,000 |\n| 1898 | ... | 1,200,000 |\n\n## 8. \nThe publication of Lord Ripon's despatch in the Colony at once gave rise to fresh agitation. It was felt that no practical relief had been given—that the undertaking of Mr. Goschen had been whittled down to a shabby arrangement for a postponed payment for two or three years of the full amount, and that Her Majesty's Government, while indulging in guarded hints that something might be done in some conceivable set of circumstances, had declared their intention of more fully asserting all their claims, should they deem this course desirable at some future time.\n\nAnd in the case of the Straits Settlements, there must be added the cost of new barracks, and all lands required for military purposes. There is the further prospective claim to be repaid the whole cost of the military establishment, at present amounting to £144,000 per annum, and which may be increased should the Imperial Government consider any increase of the garrison desirable.\n\n## 9. \nThis was followed by the resignation of the three best-known non-official members of the Council, and by the refusal of a fourth to be re-nominated, by the resignation at Singapore of all the unofficial Justices of the Peace, and by the members of the Chinese Advisory Board, as a protest against the decision of the Home Government. In their letter of resignation, dated 4th January last, the members of the Legislative Council state that: \"The revenue, in meeting these (military) charges, is unable to provide needed public works, more especially in the Northern Settlement, for increased facilities to trade, or in the social and educational progress of the native classes, who are entirely dependent upon the initiative of the Government.\" In view of all these circumstances, we are unable to perceive that any 'sensible relief' has been afforded to the finances of the Colony, or to acknowledge that Her Majesty's Government have treated the question with fairness and equity.\n\nYear after year, the Legislative Council is compelled to pass estimates, which we know are insufficient to meet the wants of the Colony, and to vote sums of money for military purposes, which are greatly in excess of what the Colony can afford to pay. The determination of Her Majesty's Government, as revealed by the despatch, to pay no heed to our protests, nor to lay down any principle of finality, obliges us to disclaim any further responsibility for the finances over which the Council is not permitted control, and which are threatened with further inordinate exactions.\n\n## 10. \nOn the 11th January last, a crowded public meeting of the inhabitants of Singapore was held, when the resignations above-named were heartily approved of, and the action of the Home Government condemned.\n\nMr. Thomas Shelford, C.M.G., a member of Council of many years standing, and a man much respected by the community, stated in the course of his speech that, \"All we ask for is simple justice. We are quite willing to pay for the cost of our own trade; we are willing, in conjunction with other Colonies, to pay a just apportionment of our Imperial obligations, but we protest, as a gross injustice, against being called upon to pay for the protection of what is practically wholly and entirely the British commerce and trade which passes through these waters to other ports.\"\n\n## 11. \nThe following list of Colonies with their garrisons, and of the sums contributed by each respectively, may advantageously be given here:\n\n| Colony | Men | Contribution |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Straits Settlements | 1,558 | £100,000 |\n| Hong Kong | 2,996 | £40,000 |\n| Ceylon | 1,659 | £81,750 |\n| Mauritius | 875 | £18,750 |\n| South Africa and Natal | 3,831 | £4,000 |\n| West Africa | 1,163 | Nil |\n| Jamaica and West Indies generally | 4,288 | Nil |\n\nThe rate of exchange is here taken for the present and following years at its present level of about two shillings per dollar, and it is to be noted that, in contrasting the revenue of 1890 and 1895, the latter has been increased by fresh taxation caused by the military claims.\n\nThe despatch concludes by stating that Her Majesty's Government reserve all rights claimed by them in former despatches on behalf of the Home Government, should a fuller assertion of them appear reasonable on or after 1899.\n\nIn other words, the relief to the Colony consists in a deferred payment of £10,000 and £20,000 till 1897-98, and an intimation that all the disputed principles and claims are upheld.\n\n## 12. \nThe glaring inequality of the claims made on the Straits Settlements is held by the Imperial Government to be justified by an engagement made for the Colony in 1866, when it was taken over from the Government of India by the Colonial Office, under which it was agreed that Her Majesty's Government should not be called upon to defray any part of the cost of the civil or military government of the new Colony.\n\nThis agreement, however, had reference only to the force necessary for local protection. The opening of the Suez Canal changed the whole character of our ocean traffic, and Singapore was, from this date, not only an important commercial centre but became an important naval centre for Her Majesty's ships, and for the coal supply of the great through traffic from England to the Far East. The fortifications and the increased garrison were the result of a general policy for the defence of the foreign coaling stations on Imperial grounds, and for Imperial needs.\n\nIt is also to be noted that the fortifications at Singapore are concentrated on the coal depot at New Harbour, and that no defences whatever exist at Penang or Malacca. The small detachment of troops now in Penang would be withdrawn in case of war.\n\nBut the claim that the Colony is bound by the agreement of 1866 is effectually disposed of in a despatch from the Colonial Office to the War Office, dated 4th May `(237)`. \n\nPage 50\nPage 51\nPage 529",
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        "document_key": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "page_number": 250,
        "title": "CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896",
        "content_text": "No. 16.\n\nTreasury to War Office.\n\nTreasury Chambers,\n\nT. No. 16137\n\n6th November, 1894.\n\nThe Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury direct me to enclose, for the information of the Secretary of State for War, a copy of a letter from the Colonial Office of 31st ultimo, and of the reply from this department of to-day's date, respecting the obligation of the Colony of Hong Kong to provide sites for new barracks.\n\nSir,\n\nFRANCIS MOWATT,\n\nEnclosure 1 in No. 16.\n\nColonial Office to Treasury.\n\nDowning Street,\n\n31st October, 1894.\n\nIn reply to your letter,* of the 19th instant, regarding the incidence of the cost of the new barracks at Hong Kong, I am directed by the Marquis of Ripon to request you to point out to the Lords Commissioners of the Treasury that, since the report of the Colonial Military Contribution Committee, dated 27th July, 1888, was written, the general question of Colonial military lands was dealt with in a somewhat different sense by a later report of that Committee, dated 27th March, 1889, and in the Secretary of State's circular† despatch of 9th June, 1890, which is about to be again amplified in a further circular, the terms of which have been agreed upon in your letter of the 26th instant, and previous correspondence.\n\nIt seems to Lord Ripon that proposal (6) in your letter under acknowledgment hardly accords with the new circular, and that the proper course under paragraph 3 of the new circular would be to appropriate the value of any surrendered lands or buildings, so far as it will extend, to providing the new sites required, and to providing the new buildings, and to divide the remainder of the cost in the proportions proposed between the Imperial and Colonial Governments,\n\nThe Committee go on to explain in the next paragraph that, in their opinion, when land is required for Colonial military purposes, it should be provided by the Colony; and, save in very exceptional circumstances, this should be done free of charge.\n\nIn the letter from the Colonial Office to the War Office, of 21st September, 1888, it was stated that the Secretary of State is happy to concur in the above recommendation of the Committee, and in their letter of 19th ultimo, my Lords expressed a similar concurrence, the stipulation in question being stated in paragraph (6).\n\nThe Secretary of State now objects to the stipulation that the Colony is to provide the necessary sites for the barracks free of charge. If the sites had to be bought by the Colony at some exorbitant price, my Lords would be open to conviction that the case was one in which very exceptional circumstances might, as the Committee foresaw, relieve the Colony from the obligation of providing sites wholly free of charge. But no such ground is alleged by the Secretary of State for his objection. He bases it on the assumption that the stipulation is inconsistent with the report of the Colonial Military Contributions Committee, dated 27th March, 1889, and the recently agreed circular, respecting the terms on which Colonial military lands are to be surrendered by the War Department to a Colonial Government.\n\nMy Lords would point out, however, that the report of 1889, and the circular referred to by the Secretary of State, only prescribe the return that a Colony is to make for the surrender by the War Department of Colonial military lands, and in no way affect the normal obligation of a Colony to provide new sites required for its own defence. This is clearly explained in paragraph 10(4), which the Secretary of State agreed, by your letter of the 23rd ultimo, to insert in the circular, for the purpose of preventing any misapprehension on the point.\n\nMy Lords hope that, on reconsideration, the Secretary of State will agree that there is no inconsistency between paragraph (6) of the Treasury letter of 19th ultimo, regarding the provision of new sites free of charge and the new circular, and that my Lords could not have omitted that paragraph without departing from recommendations in which both the Colonial Office and the War Office have concurred.\n\nSir,\n\nFRANCIS MOWATT.\n\nNo. 17.\n\nWar Office to Treasury.\n\nWar Office,\n\n20th December, 1894.\n\nWith reference to the War Office letter of the 27th July, 1893, Hong Kong 2, wherein a scheme was put forward showing a list of services which it was proposed to adopt for joint execution by the War Department and the Colony during the following eight years, leaving further services to be dealt with later on, I am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acquaint you, for the information of the Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury, that representations have been received from the station to the effect that the hospital ship \"Meanee\" is in an insanitary state, and that its continued occupation is injurious to the health of the patients.\n\n2. The medical authorities at the station have recently made strong representations in the matter; contending that the time has now come when diseases can no longer be properly treated in such a structure, especially at sea, and in such a climate as that of Hong Kong, where the temperature and other conditions are so variable.\n\n3. It is also necessary that separate wards should be provided for the treatment of infectious diseases, and for the itch, as well as for the reception of lunatics.\n\n4. At present cases of small-pox, scarlet fever and diphtheria have to be treated as best they can, no official accommodation having been provided for the isolation of patients suffering from these diseases.\n\n5. The provision of a hospital on shore, to which special allusion is made in the 10th paragraph of the War Office letter before quoted, has, therefore, now become a service of pressing urgency, and Mr. Secretary Campbell-Bannerman finds it necessary to add this to the list previously put forward.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 16.\n\nTreasury to Colonial Office.\n\nTreasury Chambers,\n\n6th November, 1894.\n\nThe Lords Commissioners of Her Majesty's Treasury have had before them your letter of the 31st ultimo, in which the Marquis of Ripon invites them to waive one of the conditions recommended by the Colonial Military Contributions Committee in 1888, and never heretofore objected to by the Colonial Office, regarding the proportion of the cost of new barracks to be borne by the Colony of Hong Kong.\n\nThe condition in question is contained in the last words of paragraph 34 of the report of the Committee, dated 27th July, 1888, which are underlined in red ink in the following copy of that paragraph:\n\n31. After devoting the realized or estimated value of the surrendered sites to the provision of the required accommodation for the garrison, the Committee consider that the balance required to complete that accommodation should be divided as follows:-One-third against Colonial and two-thirds against Imperial revenues, being about the proportions in which the capital expenditure on defences has been shared, the Colony in addition providing the necessary sites for the barracks.\n\nPage 16\n\nPage 17\n\nPage 18\n\nPage 19\n\nPage 20\n\nPage 21",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-274 - Public Offices & Others - 1896.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 366413,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 269,
        "title": "CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "# House \n\n**Confidential**\n\n634 Government \n\nSur \n\nall \n\nHong Kong 4th April 1898 \n\nI have just received the \n\nCommittee \n\n2 \n\n268 \n\nThe Hong Kong Branch \n\nThe China Association; who \n\n\" earnestly desired \n\nan interview \n\non the subject of the defences of Hongkong before communicating with their Head Office in London \" \n\nI think it right \n\nto communicate \n\nat once the general purport of what passed. Their spokesman \n\npointed out the unknown complications in the north whither The British Fleet has proceeded and the possibility of an \n\nalliance between France and Russia against us, with Germany looking on. They observed how unpleasantly situated we were \n\nwhen our Minister \n\nThe Right Honorable \n\nJ. Chamberlain, M.P. \n\nThey pointed out that Hong Kong was worth defending.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-282 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black - 1898 [3-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 368563,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 384,
        "title": "CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# Dispatch from the D.A.G of Hongkong reporting an interview with the Committee of the Hongkong Branch of the China Association with regard to the defences of the Colony\n\n...am to enquire whether his Lordship considers that among the recent negotiations should now be communicated to the ...and of what the D.A.G and exact nature of such communication should be.\n\nOffice of Intelligence, Admiralty  \n1898  \nMay  \n13.\n\n## Previous Paper\nAd Hdm Hong Kong 158  \nNo. 10415  \n**(Subject.)**  \n**Boundaries of Hong Kong.**  \n10144 Secret 10517 Secret.\n\n## Minutes\nMr Lucas  \nFurther  \n?(Minute)  \n? As this is Draft on 7.C.M. 13/5  \nhow 14/5  \n\n## DOMESTIC\n377 367  \nC. O.  \n10715  \nRESP  \nRes 13 MAY '98  \nto.  \n10517 Secret  \nH.B.C  \n| 35 | 6, (78) -482--10930-19 £7 |  \n## Subsequent Paper\nFO  \n198) Seend",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-286 - Acting Governor Major Gen Black Governor Sir Blake & Public Offices - 1898 [11-12].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 369411,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-287 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "page_number": 587,
        "title": "CO129-287 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "C.O. 29531\n**RECO**\n& **Race** 31 DEC 98\n\nAny further communication on this subject should be addressed to-\n**SECRET.**\nWar Office,\nThe Under Secretary of State,\nWar Office,\nLondon, S.W.,\nand the following number quoted.\nHong Kong 5\n10819\n97TM***\n\nSir,\n\nEND\nLondon, S.W.\n30th December, 1898.\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to forward, for submission to the Secretary of State for the Colonies, two copies of a Memorandum by the Colonial Defence Committee, No. `157M.`, on the Electric Lights and Sectional Organisation of the Hong Kong Defences.\n\nI am to suggest for Mr. Chamberlain's consideration that a copy of this memorandum should be transmitted to the Governor of that Colony.\n\nI have the honor to be,\nSir,\nYour Obedient Servant,\nTheod...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-287 - Public Offices & Others - 1898.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 369439,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "page_number": 27,
        "title": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "## CORRESPONDENCE, 'THE BACK DOOR.'-A CRITICISM.\n\nTo the Editor of the 'CHINA MAIL.'\n\nHongkong, October 8.\n\n...quite lost; Britain's flag still flew over part of the island, that the last of the defenders, certainly amazingly few, was slain and the Union Jack torn down. Poor Blobs, if spooks revisit this world, he should haunt the isle he guarded so well and loved so dearly in life.\n\nIt is now time to tell you... General Renard was unable to communicate with General Morbleu till after dark and then had to report that he had barely 700 men fit for duty, and that they were in such an exhausted condition without reinforcement, he could not essay the reduction of Stonecutters. Morbleu's men were, if anything, in worse plight, and Huzzard took good care to rouse them at intervals during the night with a shell or two over the town.\n\nAbout 3 a.m. Renard sent over some small parties of men, who, landing at the eastern end of the island, got into the Civil Magazine, where were stored nearly 150 tons of dynamite and about 200,000 lbs of powder (it was a great oversight that at the first alarm this mass of explosives had not been taken out into the harbour and sunk), laid trains, lit the matches and retired to the Peninsula again. About 4.15 a.m. the Magazine blew up with a fearful explosion and shock like an earthquake, bringing down houses and walls in Victoria, and tumbling down the ruins in Kowloon.\n\nThe effects were calamitous on the Stonecutters Forts: it literally dismantled them; all the guns were thrown over, the front of Stonecutters East opened and fell forward into the sea, yawning chasms appeared in Stonecutters West. Rookshank and many of his men were buried in the ruins of the Eastern fort. Huzzard collected all the survivors in the West fort and did what was possible to barricade the breaches, &c. One quick-firer was got into serviceable order, and then they had done all they could do. At sunrise the French came over, at first very cautiously, but finding no resistance, with greater boldness, till past the butts. Renard had landed 500 men, but it was not till past 8, and until reinforcements from Hongkong had landed on the southern shore.\n\nSIR, Your 'Back Door' contributor is just a wee bit too previous. The Bear has not got Hongkong yet, though the object of the little story is plain to be seen, and who will say that the writer's motives are not patriotic. Not fault with individuals, but with the system.\n\nWe know that our soldiers, officers and men, will do all that men can do and may be trusted to die at their posts; but why should they have to die, when a little forethought and preparation would render it unnecessary for them to make this sacrifice?\n\nWhat are the facts? Civilians possessed of ordinary common-sense and reasoning, though not necessarily experts in fortifications and warfare, believe, not without some apparent reasons, that this Island is inadequately defended on the South side; and that under modern conditions we are liable to be 'rushed,' say at the present moment with only the Undaunted (under repair) and the Amber and the obsolete Harbour craft available, not counting torpedo boats, which are fast becoming obsolete, too.\n\nOf course, we know the hundred and one reasons that would be given to prove such a thing impossible, but it is always the unexpected that happens, and knowing the recently expressed sentiments of some of our friends, would it not be worth while to be prepared for any eventuality?\n\nSo far as can be learned, the sum of their labours are represented by a coat of black paint on several buoys in the Harbour, presumably to frighten the enemy and make him imagine Mines. None of the naval members ever fulfilled the purpose for which they were intended, so far as the public are concerned.\n\nNow we have to pay 17 per cent Military Contribution, besides extras. Many of us have all we possess invested in this Island, and will have to live and die here, and naturally we want to feel reasonably sure that our defences are being looked after. If there is any doubt on this point, let the Authorities take us into their confidence and demonstrate the fact to a representative committee, and if it is money they want, they can surely trust to our patriotism and to our sense of self-interest to make any required sacrifice, the only necessity being that they must convince our reason.\n\nSurely this is better than trusting to luck and passing on responsibility. The weak point appears to be that if we were attacked in the foggy season, guns on the heights would be no use, in a dark night, to keep hostile craft at a distance in the absence of the fleet as at present. Now, if the points of each small bay on our south shores were provided with a couple of Maxims and a quick-firer in the nearly absolute shelter of the points of land where galleries could be excavated for them, and for a powerful search light, no boats capable of landing troops could possibly escape detection or annihilation.\n\nThe number of men required at each bay would not exceed say ten in peace time, and a buried telegraph cable would enable information to be sent to Headquarters for re-inforcements on the first appearance of an enemy, and here the Jubilee Road would come in.\n\nNow the expense of this first instalment of defence would not be very great. I believe we have some Maxims in store, and the services of the convicts could be utilized to make the shelters, shelters that could not be easily burst or reached by any vessel short of an ironclad, and this in the offing, but those holding them could sink anything. I believe there are numerous sites for guns pre-empted by the War Authorities on the South side, but so far there is not a gun near them, and we know how long it takes to get a heavy gun into position when there is extra pay per hour for the men on the job.\n\nAnd what has become of the famous Defence Committee of which so much was expected? Hongkong is our most distant link in the chain of strongholds. Now, is it worth or is it not worth our while to defend it to the last? If it is not worth our while, why all the money spent and to be expended on projects, etc., etc. We must conclude that the authorities consider it a vital point! If so, why this blind trusting to luck and a defenceless south shore?",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 371767,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 516,
        "title": "CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "C. O.\n\n16557\n\nRace\n\nter 27 Jul 19\n\nTRANSLATION OF PETITION TO THE SAN ON MAGISTRATE.\n\n509\n\nThe humble petition of the following committee of the Tung No Kuk (i.e. the Committee appointed to deal with the affairs of the Sha Tau Kok Division) Ip Iu Kai one of the gentry, Ho Shui Chun senior graduate of the third degree Li Cheung Chun, Li Hing Tsai, Li Tai Ting, Chan Sheu Sheung Yan, Li Tsung Shin, Wong Tsung Hin, Li Tsai Chun graduates, sheweth; that the people are dissatisfied and that Your Petitioners beg to present this petition stating facts of the case and praying that they may be submitted to the higher authorities so that covetousness (of the British) may be restrained and the wishes of the people complied with and so that the interest of those who constitute the strength of the nation may receive due consideration.\n\nOn the morning of the 6th of the End Moon (16th March) Your Honour came to Sha Tau Kok to delimit the frontier. Your Petitioners not being then acquainted with the feeling of the people did not presume to rashly lay the case before you. But before you had proceeded for several hundreds of the gentry of over eighty villages from the neighbourhood assembled in the meeting house and complained that the territory had been leased with the object of improving the defences of Hongkong, that the Imperial Government of China condescended to lease to the British the territory of Kau Lung as sufficient for purposes of defence, that the territory nominally leased is in reality annexed and that the annexation has extended to lands and houses for several hundred Li (3 li – 1 mile) beyond the Kau Lung district, that the annexation outside the district of Kau Lung extends from Lik Un (Sha Tin) to Tai Po, from Tai Po to Loi Tung (Nai Tung).",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-291 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 374678,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "page_number": 7,
        "title": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "content_text": "C\n\nAny further communication on this subject should be addressed to-\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nWar Office,\n\nLondon, S.W.,\n\nand the following number quoted:\n\n266\n\nHong Kong\n\n26\n\nSECRET.\n\nWar Office,\n\nReceived C.O.\n\n3672 & Rcs? 13 FEB 99\n\nLondon, S.W.\n\n11th February 1899.\n\n98 29284\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acknowledge the receipt of your letter No.20545/98 of the 27th ultimo enclosing a Memorandum by the Colonial Defence Committee, No.172 M., on the boundaries and defences of the new territory of Hong Kong.\n\nIn reply, I am to state that the Marquis of Lansdowne approves generally of this Memorandum, and especially concurs in the opinion expressed in Appendix A by the Officer Administering the Government of Hong Kong, that the increase of territory does not demand any great extension of the defences of the fortress of Hong Kong.\n\nThe recommendations of the Colonial Defence Committee, so far as they affect this Department, will be duly considered.\n\nI am to add that as the Committee deal in their Memorandum with the Report of Mr. Stewart Lockhart, Lord Lansdowne hopes that this letter may be taken as his definite reply to your letter No.23608/98 of the 30th of November last, acknowledged by my letter No.266/Hong Kong/25 of the 27th of December last.\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nThe Under Secretary of State,\n\nColonial Office.\n\nSir,\n\nYour Obedient Servant,",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 374764,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "page_number": 93,
        "title": "CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899",
        "content_text": "Mice or Individual.\n\nVar\n\n1899\n\nI beg to refer to your last previous Paper.\n\nTreas.\n\n20764/00\n\nFurther to my subsequent Paper\n\nHONG KONG\n\nNo. 33562\n\n(Subject.)\n\n92\n\nDOMESTIC.\n\n0.0.\n\n36802\n\nREPORT of works other than defences\n\nReport of Conference respecting incidence of cost for observations\n\nMr Lucas.\n\n(Minutes.)\n\nThis report has been in the War Office since the 29th July last. I see this letter is marked \"Pressing!\"\n\nThe proposals in the Report are practically what I submitted to the Committee & should, I think, be adopted by the Sec of State on behalf of the Govt of Hongkong.\n\nIt simply amounts to the Hongkong Govt paying 1/3 of the cost (including the value of the Land) of all Military buildings, the Imperial Govt paying 2/3.\n\nThis arrangement is already agreed to in regard to the existing buildings & to make it applicable to future buildings.\n\nI submit, a very good bargain for the Colony.\n\n1. [It will only waste time to refer the matter to the Colony]. Reply that the Chamberlain is prepared to accept...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-296 - Public Offices & Others - 1899.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 379246,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 199,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "In view of the difficulty that always arises on obtaining settlement from the Colony to meet what the Bar Council regards as their liabilities under the heads specified above, and to prevent the delay and friction which inevitably ensue from correspondence on such matters between the Colonial Office, the Colony, and this Department, it has been suggested by the Colonial Defence Committee (copy of Report enclosed) that the Hong Kong Military Contribution should be raised from 1/7th to 1/4th of its revenue and should cover the entire cost of its defences, including all capital expenditure required for military lands and buildings.\n\nThe revenue of the Colony for 1900 was $2,991,310 and that for 1901 is estimated at $7,075,479. There is no reason to suppose that the revenue in future years will fall below $3,000,000; in fact, as the revenue has grown abundantly from 1890 when it was $1,305,185, it is very probable that it will rise above $4,000,000 in view of the acquisition of new territory.\n\nAn additional revenue of $1,000,000 will produce $250,000 a year in perpetuity; at the present rate of exchange, this would be worth £27,397 or £39,467.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 379283,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 236,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "## Confidential\n\n9th October 1900,\n\nSir,\n\nI am directed by the Secretary of State for War to acknowledge the receipt of your letter, No.25905, of the 13th ultimo transmitting a copy of a Memorandum by the Colonial Defence Committee on the state of the Defences of Hong Kong.\n\nIn reply I am to acquaint you that Lord Lansdowne concurs in the Memorandum of the Committee, but presumes that it will be treated as confidential and will not be communicated to the Secretary to the Navy League.\n\nI have the honour to be,\nSir,\nYour Obedient Servant,\nA. Aitkin\n\nUnder Secretary of State,\nColonial Office.\n\nAny further communication on this subject should be addressed to-\nThe Under Secretary of State,\nWar Office,\nand the following number\nLondon, S.W.\n\nWar Office, S.W.\nLondon, S.W. \nRE 233 39057 266 Hon Kon 35 \n\n`Page 363` (if present at top or bottom, otherwise remove this line)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 379284,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 237,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "**Confidential**\n\nDRAFT.\n\nW.U. 32948\n\nThe Under Secretary of State, \nWar Office\n\nA.F. 10/10 ill Johnson sys \nNavy League. 05/\n\non 25905 15 Sept.\n\nHay Kay Si 234\n\n12 Oct. or \n\nI am directed to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 9th inst., and to request you that the Memorandum by the Colonial Defence Committee on the Defences of **Hong Kong**, which ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 379414,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "page_number": 367,
        "title": "CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900",
        "content_text": "## Page 363\n\nor with considerable reservation, such communication should be treated confidentially and with caution, to be advisable. Admiral Custance, Director of Naval Intelligence, the Naval member of the Committee, who was not present at the meeting of 16th August, remarked on the matter as follows:\n\n\"There is no doubt that the armament of Hong Kong is a good deal behind, but I think that it would be a mistake to do anything more than acknowledge the receipt of the Levy League Communication, until we have further information.\n\nDistribute the copies of the memo to departments as suggested by Lord Kitchener.\n\nAs regards sending a copy to the Levy League, I do not press Admiral Custance's view; that in such a question, it is hardly for us to override the opinion of the Director of Naval Intelligence.\n\nWith regard to the Levy League's memorandum enclosed with his letter, it received the careful consideration of the Colonial Defence Committee.\n\nIn view of the discussion as to the advisability of a full answer being given to the Levy League, which tortuous plan was represented by Mr. Anderson at the meeting of August 16th, you were the President of the Committee who wished to see above opinion of Admiral Custance noted with para 2 of 13/6/00 to the League, and your letter of 16/5/00. Whether a further communication will be made on Sept. 12, 1900.\n\nTheir letter of ... (x)—12436-2000-1-09, 22317--3000-10-99, of the Levy League.\n\n... \"Ay Twee\" who attach much value to these expectations of opinion, although they are not in accord with the principles laid down for the defence of Stations, so far as the question of harbour defences is concerned, and with the mind of the Levy League it repeatedly regrets that the defence of Hong Kong be of interest to Sea Supremacy.\n\n7/1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-303 - Public Offices & Others - 1900.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 390848,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 401,
        "title": "CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "that these matters should be dealt with by ordinary harbour regulations\n\nby local?\n\nas recommended\n\nA change in form would possibly help the Governor to recede from the position which he somewhat pointedly took up by the issue of the notice 9 days after the German fun boat's arrival.\n\nYou ought, as stated on 27507, to ou regulations in draft rc.\n\n8/12/03\n\nsuch\n\nany\n\nIs any further communica-\n\non this subject, please quote M 14440\n\naddress letter to-\n\nThe Secretary,\n\nAdmiralty, Whitehall,\n\nLondon, S.W.\n\nMr. Jamm\n\n? Pround\n\nasy y om day.\n\nthis &\n\n87.0\n\nindicated\n\nmin Mijn Gammi\n\nIf our day.\n\nday. Lie Arden.\n\ncopy of our\n\n5/12\n\nDraft jun\n\n'WW.Jum thie M.0.4mm\n\ndragt\n\nalum\n\ncour.\n\nSugg\n\nSir,\n\n00396 43634 Adhuirglty,\n\n2nd Deoae4 DEO 33\n\nhave\n\nMy Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty have had before them your letter of the 15th October last, No.37085, in which you forward a copy of correspondence which has passed\n\nbetween the Secretary of State for the Colonies and the\n\nGovernor of Hong Kong on the subject of the regulations regarding the anchorage of Foreign men-of-war in Hong Kong\n\nwaters.\n\n2.- In reply, My Lords desire me to request you will represent to Mr Secretary Lyttelton that, in their opinion, such restrictions as those imposed on Foreign Men-of-war by paragraphs 3 and 4 of the Hong Kong Colonial Order of the 26th June last go beyond the intention of Clause 6 of the Colonial Defence Committee's Memorandum No.186 M of the 21st July 1899, in which it is laid down that \"in regard to \"restrictions on the place of berthing of foreign ships of \"war in Colonial Ports, it is open to Colonial Governments to \"berth Foreign men-of-war and transports entering the harbour \"in such a position as to preclude the possibility of the \"defences of the port being taken at a disadvantage, special \"care being taken in such cases to allege the general convenience of the port as the ground for the arrangement\".\n\n8.- The Hong Kong Regulations forbid all the waters of the Colony, except man-of-war anchorages, to foreign ships of war, unless special permission has been obtained, notwithstanding the fact that a great part of these waters, such as Mirs Bay, Ender\n\nSecretary of State,\n\nCOLONIAL OFFICE.\n\n3.1-N, M.\n\ncannot",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-320 - Governor Sir Blake Acting Governor May - 1903 [11-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 392112,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 131,
        "title": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "130\n\nanchoring of Foreign Men-of-War elsewhere than in the Man-of-\n\nWar Anchorages.\n\n77\n\nThe order therefore embodied no new principle but merely extended an old one. No objection has, as far as I am aware, been raised by any Foreign Power to the several orders I have referred to.\n\n3.\n\nI understand that the Commander-in-Chief has addressed the Admiralty asking that the order of June last may be allowed to stand. In my opinion there is good reason for adhering to the restrictions imposed by the order, and I would suggest that they be embodied in regulations, of which I enclose draft for your consideration, under Table 'M' of Ordinance No. 36 of 1899, since that form is preferred.\n\n4.\n\nThe reference made by the Admiralty to Clause 6 of the Colonial Defence Committee's Memorandum of 21st July, 1899, seems hardly in point. Mirs Bay is not a Port of this Colony. It is not commanded by any forts or other defence works. It is therefore impossible, even if it were feasible to make arrangements for berthing Foreign Men-of-War there, to take any such precautions as are implied in the Memorandum in question. Nor can I agree in the statement made in the letter from the Admiralty of the 2nd ultimo that Mirs Bay cannot be regarded as a place from which an attempt might be made to take the defences of Hongkong at a disadvantage. It is obvious that one of the principal objectives of an attack upon this Colony would be to gain possession of positions on the Kowloon Range of hills. The principal avenue of access for such purpose to the Range is Mirs Bay.\n\n5.\n\nThe same remarks apply to Tytan Bay and the",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 392166,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 185,
        "title": "CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "and with perhaps no faults.\n\n184\n\nThe armaments with their component parts,\n\nfixed lights, P.C. stations, search lights, telephonic communications progress, but far too slowly; for instance, the batteries on Devil's Peak, which should have been ready last May, are not yet ready. This is partly accounted for by an \"unexpected\" hard soil being found, but I think that the chief reasons for delay are the interminable disputes on land questions and the numerous departments from which communications come on defence matters.\n\nFor not only do communications emanate from the Adjutant General to the Forces, the Quartermaster General, the Director General Military Intelligence, the Inspector General of Fortifications, the Director General of Ordnance, the Principal Ordnance Officer, Woolwich, but from the Colonial Defence Committee, The Admiralty, The Indian Government, as well as the Local Government in its various departments.\n\nThe traffic question has been quite admirably dealt with by Major Baker Brown, R.E., and regulations will be formed on his lines.\n\nThere should always be at least one strong British Battalion here. This is not the case at present.\n\nThe defences of Hong Kong are expanding, and as the batteries are completed, should be able to be manned at once. The Artillery personnel should therefore not be allowed to fall below that fixed for the approved armament. This has not been the case during the past year.\n\nThere undoubtedly should be a Colonel on the Staff as Commanding Royal Artillery; there should also be a Brigade Major of Infantry.\n\n14.\n\nThat portion of the scheme given in Chapters 1",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-322 - Acting Governor May - 1904 [1-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 427420,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 504,
        "title": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "In this sense to Major-General C. A. Anderson, enquiring his view and suggesting that if he felt in doubt on the subject he should lay the question before the Local Defence Committee. I attach his reply.\n\nI thereupon addressed a note to Monsieur Liébert (copy enclosed) and I shall be obliged if you will inform me of the views of the Colonial Defence Committee and give me your instructions in the matter.\n\nThe question at issue is no doubt one which has already been considered by His Majesty's Government in its larger aspects, but I have at present no information whatever as to the lines upon which international policy will be guided in this question. So far as Hongkong is concerned, and pending any international convention on the subject, it appears to me that in an island fortress like this it would be manifestly disadvantageous to permit aviation in the vicinity of our defences, and it is difficult to assign any locality even in the New Territories from which ascents could be made without exposing our defences to scrutiny.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nSir,\n\nYour most obedient, humble servant,\n\nGovernor.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 427423,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 507,
        "title": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "Page 595\n\nMy dear Sir Frederick,\n\nEnclosure 2\n\nHead Quarters House,\n\nHongkong.\n\n595\n\nIn reply to the two questions contained in Simson's note on the subject of the establishment at Hongkong of a foreign experimental aviation society I have no hesitation in saying that in my personal opinion it is to the last degree undesirable that non-British subjects should be allowed to fly over the defences at all. The French are at present (and we all hope they will always be) our very good friends but friction between the best of friends does sometimes occur and lead to estrangement. If permission be granted to a French Society of aviation, it would be difficult to refuse a like courtesy to societies of other nationalities, (European or Eastern) and we cannot hope at all times to be firm friends with all the nations of the world.\n\nIn considering the objections to flight over our defences one must take into account not only what may be seen but also what danger might be done by an ill-disposed person using say high explosives. I am aware that this is at present possibly a premature fear but the developments of aviation may in the near future make it a very serious consideration. On the above grounds I am against any grant of permission to any foreigner to fly over the defences and consequently against the practice of flight by any foreigners in Hongkong at all.\n\nIt would be easy to lay the question before the local defence committee but unless you feel a wish to grant permission to the French Society and wish the defence committee to consider whether safe means could be devised to restrict flight to certain unobjectionable areas I do not see that there is any necessity to call the committee together.\n\nYours etc.,\n\n(sd.) C. A. Anderson.\n\nPage 595",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 436218,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "page_number": 50,
        "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "content_text": "49\n\nExchequer i.e. the Colony would have to pay the whole cost of its garrison. The Committee in 1888 reported that \"they understand the broad general principle to have been that the Colonial Government was to defray the full cost of the garrison actually required for its defence.\"\n\nIn 1866, the estimated cost of the garrison was fixed at £59,300, and that sum was to be paid annually for a period of 5 years. In 1871 the position was reviewed and the Colony was also called upon to provide barracks for the garrison, and the cost of works, armaments and torpedo defences.\n\nThe 1888 Committee keeping on the same lines recommended a fixed annual payment calculated on the estimated average cost for quinquennial periods which was modified by His Majesty's Government so that the fixed payment was slightly reduced in favour of the Colony. The financial position of the Straits did not then permit the payment of the full cost.\n\nThe position was again reviewed by the Committee of 1895: and the suggestion of Sir C.B.Mitchell, (then the Governor) was adopted, that the Colony should pay a fixed percentage of its revenue, provided that the sum paid should not exceed the total cost of the garrison.\n\nThe arrangement then made was that the Colony should pay 17% of gross revenue, deducting proceeds of land sales, and should also pay for capital expenditure on lands and buildings and lodging allowances. It was also...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 436223,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "page_number": 55,
        "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "content_text": "54: apart from Imperial purposes that they would prefer the total withdrawal of the troops from Ceylon. The Governor then suggested that Rs. 500,000 should be paid for 5 years; & War Office Committee suggested Rs. 600,000 exclusive of defensive works: the Secretary of State pressed Treasury to take the estimated cost of the troops required for colonial purposes viz Rs. 516,000. Treasury were prepared to agree if the Colony on its finances recovering would make a contribution towards the cost of His Majesty's Ships on the East Indian station. But the Secretary of State refused to agree to this: the Colony paid therefore Rs. 600,000 and specifically declined to regard any part of this as a naval contribution. In 1890 the contribution was fixed at £50,000 for 1890 and £81,750 for the next four years, averaging £75,400 which represented the estimated annual cost of the Garrison exclusive of Trincomalee. The cost of new barracks and defences (exclusive of Trincomalee) was also to be paid by the Colony.\n\nX\n\nThe 1895 Committee recommended the introduction of the percentage system of contribution. They pointed out that on the amounts paid in 1894, the sum should be fixed at 75% of gross revenue, taking into account the fact that the Railway revenue would also be assessed in gross. They also raised the question of what was to be the future maximum charge i.e. what if any charge was to be made for the Trincomalee garrison. The 1895 Committee argued strongly in favour of the importance of the coaling station to purely Colonial interests;",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 436224,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "page_number": 56,
        "title": "CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911",
        "content_text": "55\n\ninterests; but in view of the fact that the port was not of vital interest to the Colony they recommended that only half the cost of the Trincomalee garrison should be borne by the Colony. Capital expenditure on defences and barracks at Trincomalee was to be borne formerly by His Majesty's Government. The Committee showed that half the cost of Trincomalee was £37,812, which added to the cost of the Colombo and Kandy garrisons (£75,625) made a maximum charge of £113,437, or say £115,000. They added that this sum was a little more than half of the whole cost of the land defence of Ceylon. The War Office would not accept £115,000 as the maximum for all time, and in order to avoid friction with Ceylon over the very vexed question of Trincomalee it was agreed upon by the Departments to fix the maximum at the total cost.\n\nCeylon therefore paid ¾ of her revenue or the total cost of the garrison whichever was the smaller: and also provided, except at Trincomalee, defences and barracks when required, His Majesty's Government supplying the armament.\n\nIn 1898 the percentage was raised to 9¼% in return for the assessment of net receipts only from railways: and the exclusion of land sales.\n\nThe Government of Ceylon therefore pays a contribution of 9¼% of gross revenue subject to the above modifications and undertakes to pay for capital expenditure on military lands and buildings outside Trincomalee. It is also to be understood that the annual percentage must not exceed",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-386 - Public Offices & Others - 1911.txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 437469,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 125,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "Page 123\n\nThe prevention of the sale of private lands appears to me however to offer very serious difficulties, unless the areas subject to such restrictions are of very limited extent, and even so the following points arise for consideration:-\n\n(a). Such legislation could not be made retrospective, without incurring a claim of unknown magnitude for compensation for the private rights invaded, and since (with the exception of the majority of the steep hillsides) the greater part of the land in the Colony is in private ownership on leases running for 150 years (in some cases for 999 years) it would seem that the legislation would not be very effective. On the other hand the Government might perhaps by legislation compel owners to privately inform the Government of any intended sale of land falling within defined areas, with a view to resumption if the sale were considered to endanger the defences, but it is hardly necessary for me to point out the many difficulties of such action including a financial obligation (unless the land were acquired and paid for by the Military Authorities) which in the present conditions of the Colony it would be difficult to accept.\n\n(b). If land were acquired within an area included under the restrictions by a firm ostensibly British, it would be difficult to impose any restrictions as to the purchase of shares by foreigners or even to ascertain precisely the ownership of the shares and the exact point at which it ceased to be British. This may perhaps be met by certain specific enactments as to the domicile of the Directors, etc., but the matter is not free from difficulty.\n\n6. In these circumstances before replying to the Secretary of State's despatch, and in order that I may be in a position to discuss the question from a practical point of view I have the honour to request that you will lay the matter before the Local Defence Committee, so that I may also have the benefit of the Naval opinion. If the Committee is of opinion that it is sufficient that the proposed legislation should be limited to certain specified areas which are contiguous to or command any battery or other defensible works, together with certain specified fore-shores, I will further consider\n\nPage 125",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 437472,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 128,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "The Committee is of opinion that it would be desirable to embody a clause in the conditions of Alienation of land to a Company to the effect that no shares in the Company could be held by anyone except a British subject. The Committee is also of opinion that the mere mention of the domicile of the Directors &c., would be an insufficient safeguard.\n\nPara. 6.\n\nThe following is the Naval opinion on the general question with which the Committee is in accordance:-\n\nThere are three aspects in which (from the Naval point of view) danger or inconvenience might be incurred through foreigners establishing themselves inside the Naval Base, besides the point (viz.:- the establishment of a large coal depot) which the Admiralty has already dealt with:-\n\n(i).\n\n(ii).\n\n(iii).\n\nOccupation of foreshore, or a deepwater site, where torpedo or mining attack might be made against the Fleet in times of strained relations or even before relations were known to be strained.\n\nThe establishment of a foreign personnel trained for War, and the stowage of arms for them and their compatriots in the Colony.\n\nThe occupation of sites close to particular defences which might interfere with the proper safeguarding of such defences at times of strained relations.\n\nAs regards (i) the Admiralty has already deprecated the lease of deepwater sites to foreigners in para. 2 of their letter dated 13th April, 1911, No. M.1990, and it is suggested that before any such foreshore or deepwater site be leased the question should be referred to the Naval Authorities at as early a stage as possible.\n\nAs regards (ii) the Naval interest in this aspect is subordinate to the military, as on the Army would devolve the principal responsibility for safeguarding the Naval Establishments against organised attack from the land.\n\nAs regards (iii) there are a few sites such as those close to Kowloon Dockyard or the Naval wirelessfields, which should not be alienated to foreigners. These positions should be defined.\n\nPara. 7. The point dealt with in this para. of your...",
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    {
        "id": 437562,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "page_number": 218,
        "title": "CO129-389 - Governor Sir Lugard Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1912 [3-4]",
        "content_text": "OP Y.\n\nSir.\n\nEnclosure 1.\n\nSelection of Sites for W. T. Stations.\n\nC 12099 215 Free 27 APR 12\n\nHongkong, 13th February, 1912.\n\nWe have the honour to report that in accordance with Your Excellency's letter No. 1116/1910 of 26th January, we have met to consider the question of a suitable site for the erection of a High Power Wireless Telegraphy Station, and having visited various possible positions both on the Island and on the Mainland we have come to the following conclusions:-\n\ni.\n\nii.\n\nNo suitable site can be found on the Island.\n\nA site could be obtained on the Mainland within the area of the Defences, probably the best position being the flat ground near Kowloon City; this would, however, necessitate buying the land which is all under cultivation and would entail such a very large expense as to be almost prohibitive.\n\niii.\n\nOwing to the above difficulties the possibility of erecting a station partly on the foreshore and partly actually in the water at the head of Kowloon Bay, as shown in attached plan, has been considered and is recommended. This position affords an area amply sufficient for the purpose required and, owing to the extreme shallowness of the water, no difficulty should be experienced in putting up the necessary buildings, masts etc., in connection with the Station. Adequate protection from encroachment from seaward could be obtained by a row of piles connected by chains. The cost of this site would be small, and the position, which is within the area of the defences, is well sheltered from the weather.\n\n2. We consider that if the foregoing position is approved of for a high power station, no other station should be erected on the Kowloon Peninsula.\n\n3.\n\nIn the opinion of the Committee, if a Commercial Station is erected it should be of Medium Power having a day range of 850",
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    },
    {
        "id": 443137,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 175,
        "title": "CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "## \n### HONG KONG\n174\n\n3. Mr. Johnson called the attention of the Committee to a despatch from the Governor of Hong Kong asking that the site originally proposed in Kowloon Bay might be released as it was required for development purposes and suggested as an alternative that the stat station might be erected on Stonecutting Island. He pointed out that at the 9th Meeting the Committee had come to the conclusion that Kowloon Bay was not a suitable site as the high land of the Island of Hong Kong might interfere with communication with Singapore, and had suggested that a better site might be found in the Yaurati district. This had been communicated to the Governor who appeared however to have overlooked the alternative suggestion. Mr. Johnson added that the details as to the shape and bearing of the site required for a Marconi station had not yet been communicated to the Governor; and it appeared doubtful whether a station of the required dimensions could be erected on Stonecutters Island.\n\nColonel Macdonogh said that while a station on Stonecutters Island would be well within the defences the presence of high masts on the island might interfere with military arrangements. He still thought that the Yaurati district was the most suitable but did not consider it would be safe to give up...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-401 - Governor Sir May - 1913 [5-6].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 452764,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 120,
        "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nWhen this is done the railway will have to be debited with the cost of the land, because the railway is a commercial undertaking, and therefore, though Crown land is being exchanged, the Colony will have to get the benefit of it. However, it is possible that this is practically the end of the capital expenditure on the railway as a single line.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK**-Has this amount been really spent?\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** Yes, and I shall move at the next meeting a vote to cover the expenses during the current year on works which will eventually total the amount of the vote.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK**-Are we voting the difference between the amount on page 4 and the amount in column 9?\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN**-The only thing the Finance Committee can agree to is this sum of $348,866.93. You agree to authorise the payment. There will have to be a vote next year, because the work will go on. We have spent only $98,000 on the station out of an estimate of $250,000, and next year we shall probably have to vote the difference between $348,866.93 and $1,137,000, the cost of the works authorised, or, at any rate, a considerable portion of the difference.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK**-Then a great deal of the amounts on page 4 are to be spent in 1915?\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN**-That is so.\n\n**HON. MR. HEWETT**-And we can take it that after paying these three lakhs and a half there will be a balance of seven lakhs to be added to the estimated expenditure for 1914?\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** Nearly eight lakhs, according to this statement.\n\n**HON. MR. HEWETT** That is no part of the Budget expenditure put before us six weeks ago.\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN**-It has nothing to do with the Budget.\n\n**HON. MR. POLLOCK**-What is the meaning of the item $12,085.76 \"write back on loss on stores\"?\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** That dates back for years. When the stores were got out for the railway which was in process of construction they were gradually sent out to railhead, and for some reason best known to the authorities at the time they kept on deducting from the value of the stores for the purposes of their books, and the result was that as time went on the stores had a good deal deducted from their value, although the authorities had all the expense of sending them out constantly to railhead. Thus, when the construction was finished, there were a good many stores on hand. I am informed that an enormous amount of dynamite required for the tunnels was left over, and the balance of it was sold back to the people who sold it to the railway at considerable loss—a loss altogether of $14,000. This sum has, I understand, been very carefully arrived at to replace the stores at their original book value before these curious deductions were made. Really, these deductions ought never to have been made.\n\nThe account was agreed to.\n\n**HON. MR. HEWETT**-I would like my point to be made note of, so that it can be mentioned in Council.\n\n**THE CHAIRMAN** Yes, that point is certainly worth considering.\n\nThe Committee then adjourned.\n\nPage 117\nPage 159\n\n## HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n### PRESENT:-\n\n17TH DECEMBER, 1914.\n\n* **HIS EXCELLENCY THE GOVERNOR**, SIR FRANCIS HENRY MAY, K.C.M.G.\n* **HIS EXCELLENCY MAJOR-GENERAL F. H. KELLY, C.B.** (General Officer Commanding Troops).\n* **HON. MR. CLAUD SEVERN** (Colonial Secretary).\n* **HON. MR. J. H. KEMP** (Attorney General).\n* **HON. MR. E. D. C. WOLFE** (Colonial Treasurer).\n* **HON. MR. A. F. CHURCHILL** (Director of Public Works).\n* **HON. MR. E. R. HALLIFAX** (Secretary for Chinese Affairs).\n* **HON. MR. C. McI. MESSER** (Captain Superintendent of Police).\n* **HON. MR. WEI YUK, C.M.G.**\n* **HON. MR. E. A. HEWETT, C.M.G.**\n* **HON. MR. LAU CHU PAK.**\n* **HON. MR. E. SHELLIM.**\n* **MR. M. J. BREEN** (Clerk of Councils).\n\n### Local War Expenditure\n\n**HIS EXCELLENCY**-With regard to Financial Minute No. 84, this is an item of $78,300 for expenses in connection with the war. I would like to remind you that two votes have been passed by this Council of $50,000 each for expenses in connection with the war, but it is proposed now, if you approve of this vote, to cancel these two votes—in fact, the second one has already been cancelled—and to substitute this one. Now this vote involves payment by the Colony of the expenses that have been incurred in connection with the mobilisation of the Volunteers, and in speaking of the Volunteers I include the Volunteer Reserves. Also expenses connected with various other miscellaneous items: payment of police, and the cable and postal censorship and the payment of the passages of the crews of Prize vessels who have been sent Home, or to their native places, and various other minor expenses which are all included under the head \"miscellaneous.\" I hope that hon. members will agree with me that it is fitting that the Colony should bear this expenditure. That is to say, should bear the cost of the mobilisation of the Volunteers and the other expenses which have been incurred. If you approve this vote, you will, in fact, accept the principle and approve it, of the continued payment of these and similar charges throughout the duration of the war. Other Colonies, as you know having read your newspapers—have made substantial contributions towards the Imperial Exchequer in this matter, and I am sure hon. members would like to see this small dependency of the Crown doing what she can to relieve the British taxpayers of the enormous burdens which have fallen upon them.\n\n### Minutes\n\nThe minutes of the previous meeting were confirmed.\n\n### Paper\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** laid on the table the report of the proceedings of the Finance Committee held on the 3rd December.\n\n### Financial Minutes\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Governor, laid on the table Financial Minutes Nos. 32 to 87, and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.\n\n### Sketching Ordinance\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** moved the second reading of the Bill entitled, \"An Ordinance to Amend the Defences (Sketching Prevention) Ordinance, 1895.\"\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\nPage 152\nPage 120\nPage 121",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 121,
        "title": "CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\n## Defence (Sketching of Defences) Bill\n\nIn doing so he said-The object of this Bill, Sir, is to extend the provisions of the principal Ordinance to include certain objects which are cognate to its original intention. The principal Ordinance, which prohibits the sketching of defences, refers only to the sketching of batteries, field-works, and fortifications, and there is no prohibition against sketching other military premises, His Majesty's ships, or any naval anchorage, and this Bill proposes to add these three classes to the things which may not be sketched without the permission of the Governor. It also makes the attempt to commit the offence an offence, which it is not in the principal Ordinance. Also, in order to make the definition of \"sketch\" of sufficiently wide meaning, the Bill includes, in the meaning of that word, the negative of the photograph as well as the actual photograph itself or the actual sketch which might be made. I beg to move the second reading.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and Council then went into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\nOn Council resuming, THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL said that the Bill had passed through Committee without amendment, and he proposed the third reading.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and the Bill was then read a third time and passed.\n\n## Recreation Grounds Ordinance\n\nTHE ATTORNEY-GENERAL moved the second reading of the Bill entitled, \"An Ordinance to amend the Recreation Grounds Ordinance, 1909.\" In doing so he said-The object of this Bill, Sir, is to place on some regular footing both the tenure and the appropriation, and also the power of regulating and controlling the Chinese Recreation Ground. As hon. members no doubt know, this is an open space near the western end of Hollywood Road, not far from the Ko Hing Theatre. It is used by the poorer classes of Chinese for recreation, for the sale of food and refreshments, and so on. Other such open spaces, like Gardens, the Peak Gardens, and King's Park, Kowloon, have been recognised and set apart as open spaces under legislative authority, but this particular open space has not been dealt with heretofore in that way, and the effect of the Bill will be to place this open space on the same footing as the other open spaces I have just mentioned. It will also have the effect of enabling regulations to be made for the management and control of the ground. I beg to move the second reading.\n\nCouncil then went into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\nOn Council resuming, THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL said the Bill had passed through Committee without amendment, and he moved its third reading.\n\nTHE COLONIAL SECRETARY seconded, and the Bill was read a third time and passed.\n\n## The Next Meeting\n\nHIS EXCELLENCY-It will be necessary to have one more meeting this year to go through various items. I would like to enquire whether it would be convenient to hon. members to meet next week. Wednesday or Thursday would suit the official members, and would no doubt suit the unofficial members.\n\nSubsequently, Council was adjourned until 24th December.\n\n## FINANCE COMMITTEE\n\nA meeting of the Finance Committee followed, the COLONIAL SECRETARY presiding:-\n\n### Loss On Subsidiary Coin\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $310,000 in aid of the miscellaneous services, subsidiary coins.\n\n| Vote | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Loss on subsidiary coin | $310,000 |\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN-This is due to the large amount of subsidiary coin which has been sent to be demonetised. It is very much greater than was intended when the Estimates for the current year were made up.\n\nTHE COLONIAL TREASURER-The main vote was actually $136,000, but as a result of the taking over of the opium monopoly, and the pledge which the Government gave to demonetise all subsidiary coins that came into its hands, this vote was, of course, largely exceeded, and the amount now asked for is to cover the loss on the amount demonetised during the year.\n\nThis was approved.\n\n### Public Works\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $2,600 in aid of the vote public works, extraordinary, new territories, communications, roads, extension at Castle Peak Bay, including construction of pier.\n\n| Vote | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Public works, extraordinary, new territories, communications, roads, extension at Castle Peak Bay | $2,600 |\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN-This sum of $2,600 is required for the extension of the road at Castle Peak. In the estimates for the current year a sum of $8,000 was provided, and next year $1,000, making $9,000. The amount of the tender is $11,615.00. That leaves a balance of $2,613.90 for this year to be expended.\n\nTHE DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS-What has happened really is that more work was done this year than was anticipated and provision made for in the Estimates. The result is that this year's vote has been exceeded, and next year's will be less by the amount of the excess.\n\nThis was approved.\n\n### War Department Expenditure\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $78,200 in aid of the following vote:-\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| War Department Expenditure. Personal Emoluments: Cable Censorship | $14,506.97 |\n| Postal Censorship | $5,189.96 |\n| Volunteers Miscellaneous | $39,417.73 |\n| Other Charges: Cable Censorship | $5,716.81 |\n| Volunteers Miscellaneous | ... |\n| Total | $78,200 |\n\nThe vote was approved.\n\n### Volunteer Expenses\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $3,000 in aid of the vote expenditure, B. Volunteers, military other charges, Volunteer Reserve, camp of instruction.\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN-This is for the Camp of Instruction in Musketry held at Stonecutter's at the beginning of November. It is, I think, an outside cost, and the actual cost will be somewhat less.\n\nApproved.\n\n### Education\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $53.73 in aid of the following votes:-\n\n| Category | Amount |\n| --- | --- |\n| Education, d.-Department of Director | $14.00 |\n| Peak School, other charges, Books Incidental Expenses | $39.73 |\n| Total | $53.73 |\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN-This is a small amount required for the Peak School. Early in the year it was difficult to ascertain exactly what would be required. A book-case was bought for $30, and there were several other small items which make up the amount now asked for.\n\nApproved.\n\n### Swamps at Shaukiwan\n\nThe Governor recommended the Council to vote a sum of $150 in aid of the vote public works extraordinary, Hongkong, drainage, draining swamps at Shaukiwan.\n\n| Vote | Original Amount | Actual Amount Expended | Amount Requested |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Public works extraordinary, Hongkong, drainage, draining swamps at Shaukiwan | $4,500 | $84,618.76 | $150 |\n\nTHE CHAIRMAN-The amount provided this year was $4,500. The actual amount expended was $84,618.76, and this vote of $150 is asked for to be on the safe side.\n\nThis was approved.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-420 - Governor Sir May - 1915 [1-2].txt",
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        "id": 477426,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "page_number": 111,
        "title": "CO129-450 - Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1918 [10-12]",
        "content_text": "# HONGKONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nThe recommendations made by Lieutenant Olitsky have, of course, been carefully considered. Steps have been taken to prepare the serum for the treatment of epidemic meningitis and in the quantity suggested. As regards the treatment of the patient, it will require careful and continuous persuasion to get the serum used; and in the event of an epidemic, every effort will be made to provide the patient with methods of Western treatment, including the use of serum. The prevention of pharyngeal infections and influenza can only be effectively achieved by keeping the individual in the best possible state of health, by segregating the sick from the healthy and (what is more difficult, in fact, at present practically impossible) by avoiding overcrowding. The employment of masks could only be resorted to in special circumstances, as in hospitals, for example. Prophylactic vaccination as a method of prevention is still in the stage of enquiry.\n\nDuring the epidemic this year, a leaflet was drawn up and translated into Chinese dealing with certain efficacious measures capable of being easily carried into effect, but it was not distributed. Should there unhappily be a return of the disease in epidemic form, this method of propaganda, in conjunction with oral advice, would probably be the most effective way of educating the population. There I will leave the report for the present, and I feel sure that honourable members will wish to record their sense of the obligation this Colony is under to the Rockefeller Institute for the valuable assistance rendered by it in this matter.\n\n## Finance\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table Finance Minutes Nos. 79 to '82 and moved that they be referred to the Finance Committee.\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Government's Discussions with Unofficial Members\n\nH.E. THE OFFICER ADMINISTERING THE GOVERNMENT—It will be convenient, I think, to make a short statement at this meeting of the Legislative Council regarding certain matters that have been the subject of discussion between the Government and honourable unofficial members during this year.\n\nIn January last, information was requested regarding the organisation and pay of the Police Force, the Fire Brigade, and the Preventive Staff of the Department of Imports and Exports, and at a later date, honourable unofficial members submitted to the Government a list of recommendations which was discussed at a meeting held on the 23rd of May.\n\nThe question of the rates of pay in the Police Force has been settled temporarily by the grant of a ten per cent. allowance, while the question of the rate at which pensions should be granted is still under consideration, and, I hope, will shortly be decided.\n\nThe next matter was the organisation of the Fire Brigade, both as regards personnel and equipment. The efficiency of the volunteer portion of the brigade has been increased by relieving the men of certain other duties, which they had been performing. Additions have been made to the equipment, including two powerful motor pumping engines that have been ordered from America. It has for a long time been recognised that the present site of the Fire Station in Victoria is too cramped and that a station is required at Kowloon. A suitable site in Victoria is already in the possession of the Government, and it is probable that a good site can be found on Crown Land in Kowloon.\n\nAfter the murder of Sergeant Glendinning at Tai O, honourable unofficial members endorsed the recommendations made by the jury at the Coroner's enquiry, and asked certain questions as to the patrolling of the waters of the Colony and the visits of inspection made to out-stations. The Government replied as follows:\n\n| Question | Response |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) The practice of having two European Officers at Tai O | The practice was interrupted owing to the war. It was proposed to resume it at once. It was not considered that the Cheung Chau Station or any of the Police Stations on the mainland were so isolated as to require the presence of two European police constantly stationed there. Circumstances had arisen, and might again arise, rendering the presence of two or more European police at a station necessary. |\n| (b) Enquiry into telephonic material | Enquiry was being made as to the possibility of obtaining the necessary telephonic material. It has since been ascertained that the material can be got from Japan, and the work of linking up the island stations with the mainland is now in hand. |\n| (c) Provision of steam or motor pinnace | It was not considered necessary to provide at any of the four island stations a steam or motor pinnace, as the expense would be out of all proportion to the usefulness of the craft. Four police launches were employed in the patrol of the waters of the Colony beyond the limits of the harbour. The island stations were visited by patrol launches some fifteen or sixteen times a month. Details of visits of inspection by Police Officers were supplied. |\n\nHonourable unofficial members, in reply, recorded their unanimous opinion that Cheung Chau was of sufficient importance to render it advisable that a second European Police Officer should be stationed there. The Government has not found itself in a position to give effect to their wishes.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY**, by command of H.E. the Officer Administering the Government, laid on the table report of proceedings of the Finance Committee, No. 7, and moved that it be adopted.\n\n**THE COLONIAL TREASURER** seconded, and this was agreed to.\n\n## Opium Ordinance, 1918\n\n**THE ATTORNEY GENERAL** moved the second reading of the Bill intituled, \"An Ordinance to amend the Opium Ordinance, 1914, and the Opium Ordinance, 1917.\"\n\nIn doing so, he said—The Bill proposes to make certain amendments in the two existing Ordinances, some of which are formal while others are of a more substantial character. In Sections 46 and 49 of the Opium Ordinance, 1914, in dealing with tonnage of steam ships, rather ambiguous expressions are used. In one section, the term used is \"tons burden.\" In the other section, the word used is simply \"tons.\" Clauses 2 and 3 of the present Bill propose to make it quite clear that in these two sections, the tonnage referred to is what is known as \"the register tonnage.\" Clause 4 of the Bill corrects a slight drafting error in the Opium Ordinance, 1914. Clause 5 of the Bill deals with the Opium Ordinance, 1917. That Ordinance made it an offence to be in possession of labels, wrappers, or marks resembling the labels, wrappers, or marks used on the opium sold by the Government. The clause was drawn too widely because it included cases of possession of marks resembling Government marks but not resembling Government marks with any fraudulent intention. Clause 5 of the Bill, therefore, proposes to amend that provision so that the resemblance aimed at will be resemblance amounting to colourable imitation. Clause 6 of the Bill stops another gap in the defences against fraud in connection with the Opium Ordinance. It provides that every person in possession of labels and wrappers which were at one time attached to Government prepared, or dross opium and which have been detached from Government receptacles be guilty of an offence. The object of detaching such labels and wrappers is, of course, to use them again in a fraudulent way by attaching them to receptacles containing non-Government opium. Clause 7 provides that in the case of any person found possessing any box or package containing opium, the onus shall be thrown on him of proving that he did not know that such box or package contained opium.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\n**THE ATTORNEY-GENERAL** then moved that Council go into Committee to consider the Bill clause by clause.\n\nThe Bill passed through Committee without amendment, and, upon Council resuming, the Attorney-General moved the third reading of the Bill.\n\n**THE COLONIAL SECRETARY** seconded, and the Bill was then read a third time, and passed.\n\nIn July, Mr. Lau Chu-pak requested that provision might be made for the application of the Grant Code system to the vernacular schools subsidised and managed by the Confucian Society, as the schools were supplying a distinct want. Arrangements have accordingly been made for the giving of a grant to the 18 Confucian Schools and to the 11 Tung Wah Schools. I should like to take this opportunity of thanking those Chinese gentlemen who have so generously contributed to the support of these schools.\n\nA number of other questions have also been under discussion in the course of the year between the Government and the unofficial members, as for instance, the housing scheme for Civil Servants and the choice of a site for the European Young Men's Christian Association Building.",
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    {
        "id": 487983,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 336,
        "title": "CO129-468 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1921 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "## Publicity\n\nThe primary disability we labour under at present is that few shipping people at Home have any real idea of Hongkong's capacity for shipbuilding. This was particularly in evidence during the war when, with all the crying need for ships, it was with the greatest difficulty, and only in the latter part of the war, that sufficient shipbuilding material was obtainable to keep the yards fully employed. Since then, officials of shipbuilding firms at Home and in America have inspected the local yards and have been very favourably impressed.\n\nThe possibilities of getting ships built and repaired in Hongkong should be kept very prominently before shipping people in Great Britain, America, Canada, Australia, and the Colonial Office should be well advised of the work done here and the capabilities of the local yards. When the Colonial Office was informed, towards the end of the war, practical results accrued.\n\nThe capabilities of Hongkong as a shipbuilding centre were also brought strongly before the Home Authorities in 1917 when a Hongkong-built vessel was docked in Liverpool for inspection and a number of experts were asked to express their views, which were very favourable.\n\n## HARBOUR IMPROVEMENTS\n\nThis matter is one of the utmost importance to the Colony. The idea held by those most vitally concerned is that the harbour is our only asset and that we should not play with improvements suggested by amateurs. Local experience gained by masters of merchantmen using this port is quite sufficient to enable us to indicate the position in which new buoys and lights might be placed with advantage; also to indicate where fog signals, or diaphones, should be made use of and the nature of such signals. Granted that the harbour is our principal asset, it is maintained that we require expert advice and properly constituted Port Authorities. There is already a tendency at other places in China (Dalny, Tsingtau, and Shanghai) to lay out scientifically constructed harbours, and we are convinced that, in view of possible developments, it is necessary that the matter should be thoroughly investigated, in order that the Colony may prepare itself for all possible developments. This must be done if our harbour is to maintain its position of supremacy in China waters.\n\nThe following improvements are recommended:\n\n| No. | Improvement |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | An occulting red or green unwatched light, visible from 5 to 10 miles, should be placed on the Tathong Rocks in the East Entrance to facilitate navigation in and out of the harbour at night. If a light on Tathong Point is not sanctioned, the light on Cape Collinson should be increased in power. In any case, Cape Collinson should have a red sector showing into Junk Bay to guide ships into the anchorage. The red sector showing over Lye-mun Pass can be dispensed with and white shown instead, or if it is not advisable to alter the red sector over Lye-mun Pass, a green sector can be substituted for red showing into Junk Bay. |\n| 2 | The revolving light on Gap Rock should be converted into a group flash, thereby being visible in thick weather at greater distance than the present light. |\n| 3 | An unwatched light on an iron tripod on Hongkong Chow Island, North West of Tai Ta Ming channel, visible at 12-15 miles. |\n| 4 | The Bokhara Rocks should have a lighted buoy placed on them for navigation around Cape D'Aguilar in the Shung Shi Mum channel. If possible to combine the two, it is recommended that an automatic whistling buoy as a warning in foggy weather be provided. |\n| 5 | The Rambier Shoal and Belcher Ridge should be dredged deeper; vessels of deep draft cannot at present navigate over them, and both shoals are nearly in the Fairway; or remove Belcher Ridge. |\n| 6 | Unwatched light on the East end of Lighting Island. Steamers bound south, or from the south, alter course off Lingting Dap Rock or Green Island, as the case may be. |\n\n7. DIAPHONES should be erected. They have proved of inestimable value in Canadian waters, and the far more crowded waters of this Colony, equally subject to dense foggy weather, should be similarly supplied. Diaphones are held to be the best system of fog signal in existence, as they have been proved to neutralise, to a very great extent, the areas of silence so often encountered. They would consequently be of inestimable value on Gap Rock and Waglan. When in the vicinity of these stations, it is by no means unusual for the report of the fog gun to be inaudible at two miles when you have previously heard it at five miles.\n\nThe Sub-Committee are endeavouring to ascertain the cost of and expense in connection with Diaphones, also wireless position finders, which the Government have stated have been found impracticable, as apart from the expense, the necessary power is not at present available.\n\nIn this respect, the Secretary has addressed a letter of enquiry to Mr. Wallace, Manager C.P.O.S., who has promised to obtain as much information as possible from the Canadian Authorities through the good offices of the C.P.O.S. Official in Canada concerning these two instruments.\n\nFurther enquiries are being made with regard to fog signals, and a special report on this important question will be forwarded to Government in due course.\n\nDREDGING on a substantial scale is essential. All parts of the harbour which may be navigated by large steamers, and which have only a depth of 4½ fathoms, should be increased to the 35 feet mark. There should be more than one deep-drafted fairway in the harbour in preparation for larger ships, but it is futile for us to put forward anything but the most elementary suggestions as to dredging until we know what form the new defences of the Colony are to take and the alterations to tides and currents which they may entail.\n\nThe following are the suggestions as to dredging:\n\n| No. | Suggestion |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 | Deepen the water off Kowloon Point. It is not necessary to dredge the West Lamma Channel as the East Lamma Channel could be used, the least water in the Channel being 11 fms., with the exception of the Lamma Patch (rock), which has 5 fathoms over it and could be buoyed or removed by blasting. If the East Lamma Channel is used, instead of dredging the West Lamma Channel, an unwatched light would be required on the East end of Lamma Island (Wong Chu Kok). |\n| 2 | Dredge the Western end of the Northern and Central Fairways to a suitable depth and lay down heavier moorings as the moorings are only suitable for coasting steamers. If the Western end of the fairways are deepened, a deep water channel would also require to be dredged to Sulphur Channel, in which there is plenty of water. |\n| 3 | To increase the harbour accommodation for ships drawing over 30 feet, the harbour should be dredged to a depth to be hereafter decided on: (a) from the Northern Fairway to a line drawn East and West from the Southern entrance of Mong Kok Tsui typhoon refuge until it meets a line drawn south through the Fairway Buoys, or (b) dredge that part of the harbour to a suitable depth between a line drawn South from the West end of Stone Cutters Island to the Fairway buoys and a line drawn South from White Pt. Stone Cutters Island to the Northern Fairway. |\n\nThe Man-of-War anchorage is a good position for deep draught ships, but it would probably be asking too much to suggest removing the men-of-war from their present anchorage to, say, Kowloon Bay.\n\nPiers or Jetties might with advantage add to the facilities for handling of cargo.\n\n**E. V. D. PARR,**\n**Chairman,**\n**Shipping & Shipbuilding Sub-Committee.**\n\n333",
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        "id": 492117,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 47,
        "title": "CO129-475 - Governor Sir Stubbs & Acting Governor Claud Severn - 1922 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "March 25th, 1922.]\n\nPEAK CLUB. Mrs. Bevington and Mrs. Sayer lost all their matches and scored 12 games.\n\nMrs. Grimble and Mrs. N. L. Smith won one and lost three, scoring 18 games. Total: 30 games.\n\nGOLF.\n\nLADIES SECTION.\n\nThe results of recent competitions are as follow:-\n\nELECTIC COMPETITIONS.\n\nHappy Valley. Won by Mrs. Moore\n\nDeep Water Bay. Won by Mrs. Oliver\n\nFanling Relief Course. 41-3=38; 33-6=27; Won by Mrs. Crawford... 96-3=93\n\nTHE DENIS CUP.\n\nWon by Mrs. Adams with the score of 92 nett.\n\nFANLING AND ITS CADDIES.\n\nThose members of the Royal Hongkong Golf Club who went to Fanling last weekend were surprised to find that no caddies offered themselves for employment. Some time ago some of the parents of those boys approached the management of the Club and complained of the high wages the boys were able to earn as caddies. It was thought that the boys had become unmanageable at home owing to the fact that they were able to earn more than their parents, who worked in the fields. This presumption is evidently true to-day, when the boys can afford to stay away when it pleases them from earning easily made money. As will be seen from our advertising columns, the Committee have taken the only course open to them, and members are forbidden to engage local caddies at Fanling until further notice. Private caddies are still doing their duty but as boys at this time may offer themselves for engagement as caddies it is laid down that no new private caddies should be engaged meantime.\n\nMembers are requested to use the course as much as possible—carrying one's own clubs is no great hardship. Private servants or caddies may be brought from Hongkong. The Superintendent has instructions to see that the above rules are strictly enforced.\n\nBILLIARDS.\n\nLuz, 500; Kwok, 474.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\nTHE LAW COURTS\n\nCRIMINAL SESSIONS.\n\nYAUMATI PAWNSHOP ROBBERY.\n\nA great deal of valuable jewellery was displayed in Court on March 20th, when Li Cheung and Ho Yee were indicted, before Mr. Justice Gompertz, for robbery, with an alternative charge of receiving.\n\nMr. A. Dyer Ball prosecuted for the Crown and Mr. Chou, instructed by Mr. F. X. d'Almada, defended Ho Yee. Both prisoners pleaded not guilty.\n\nThe following were empanelled as a jury:- Messrs. E. C. Bell, A. A. Bolton, W. H. B. Muskett, F. A. S. Loureiro, E. Grossman and G. A. E. Musitano.\n\nMr. Dyer Ball said that this was a pawnshop robbery of a somewhat important and serious nature. The robbery was said to have taken place at night, on February 13th, from the Yau Tai pawnshop at 280, Shanghai Street, Yaumati.\n\nIn describing the incidents of the night, Mr. Dyer Ball said the Crown was of opinion that a newly engaged assistant in the pawnshop—Lai Nam Po—was in league with the robbers, admitted them to the premises and was the only one not bound up. The assistant entertained three nocturnal visitors to tea and cigarettes; they suddenly produced revolvers, intimidated the coolies, kept them under guard all night and, with others of the gang who arrived later, went systematically through the valuables in the place and made a big haul. The prisoners were found afterwards in possession of a great quantity of jewellery, identified as having come from the pawnshop. The new assistant could not now be found or he would be in the dock too.\n\nEvidence was then called.\n\nEach prisoner was sentenced to seven years' imprisonment with hard labour and ordered to receive twelve strokes of the cat.\n\nASSAULT AND ROBBERY. Three men who assaulted a boatwoman in order to rob her (and who had a narrow escape at the time from lynch law at the hands of a mob) were sentenced to three years' imprisonment with hard labour and ten strokes of the cat.\n\nMAGISTRACY.\n\nMOTORISTS' RIGHT TO PASS.\n\nMr. H. A. Lammert, who brought a summons about a year ago on the subject of obstruction by slow-driving motorists on the road to Repulse Bay, had a similar complaint to make in the Police Court, on Mar. 21st, with regard to Castle Peak Road. Last time the defendant was a well-known police official; this time it was a Chinese chauffeur. The charge was \"obstructing the roadway.\"\n\nTraffic Inspector Garrod said that on the Castle Peak Road, on Sunday evening, March 12th, the driver of car No. 432 was overtaken by Mr. H. A. Lammert in car No. 391 who alleged that he repeatedly asked, by the usual method of sounding the horn, to pass the defendant's car, which was going along at a very slow pace. The defendant ignored his request and went along at this slow pace for a considerable time.\n\nMr. H. A. Lammert, in evidence, said that when he overtook the defendant's car it was about 100 yards behind another car. He gave three \"toots,\" which was the usual signal for permission to pass. The defendant immediately increased his speed, but still kept to the centre of the road. A man sitting beside the driver turned round to look at him; witness could perceive this through the glass pane at the back of the hood, which was up. On two or three occasions the other car drew ahead of him, and, thinking he had a chance, he sounded the horn. On occasion, the defendant speeded up to the other car, but never gave a chance to pass. In Nathan Road, as the road was wide, he was able to pass.\n\nIn reply to the Magistrate, Mr. Lammert added that his speedometer was out of order, but, reckoning by the time, which was 40 minutes for the nine-and-half miles, he thought the speed he was forced to keep at was between fifteen and twenty miles an hour.\n\nA fine of $10 was imposed.\n\nWHITE-CLOUD MOUNTAIN MURDER CASE.\n\nMURDERER SENTENCED TO 12 YEARS IMPRISONMENT.\n\nThe Canton Times reports that in the final hearing of the Local Court, on March 19th, Chen Bing-sing (Chairman of the Seamen's Guild in Hongkong at the beginning of the recent strike), who murdered his wife at the foot of the White-cloud Mountain about one month ago, was sentenced to imprisonment for a period of twelve years. He was also ordered by the judge to pay $1,300 as compensation to the court policeman, whom he wounded when he was arrested in the Yet Wah Hotel.\n\nChen declares that he will appeal to the Higher Court.\n\nTHE FALKLAND VICTORY.\n\nAIDED BY HONGKONG NAVAL ACTIVITIES.\n\nVice-Admiral Anstruther, who was Commodore in Hongkong during the war, is claiming recognition from the Admiralty for the service he rendered at Hongkong which, he claims, brought about the annihilation of Von Spee's Squadron.\n\n\"I am in a position to know how Von Spee was foiled,\" says Vice-Admiral Anstruther, quoted in the China Express and Telegraph. \"I was in command of the British Naval Forces at Hongkong when the war broke out. My business was to look after the British Naval defences in the Far Eastern waters and to protect the trade routes between Hongkong and Singapore. I say that we, at Hongkong, stopped von Spee's supplies, and thus caused delay and prevented his achieving the object he had in view. All his supplies were at Manila, which was then a neutral port.\n\n\"We sent ships down to prevent the nineteen steamers there getting out. We showed the flag outside that port, and they never did get out. The result was that when Von Spee got to the Marquesas Islands he found himself short of supplies. He was delayed something like four or five weeks before he could get fresh supplies. He had to arrange this by wireless, and he had to get those supplies on the coast of California.\n\n\"The consequence was that he met Cradock on the west coast of South America instead of on the east, where he expected him. If von Spee had got there even 24 hours earlier, Sturdee would have been too late. I say, therefore, it is rather a poor compliment to say that Lord Fisher lured von Spee to the Falkland Islands merely to destroy him in revenge for Coronel. I think that my command at Hongkong did very real service in stopping von Spee's supplies. I have made representations to the Admiralty claiming recognition for that service.\"\n\nSPEEDY AIR AND WATER CRAFT.\n\nThe Daily Mail reports the introduction into French Colonies of powerful river transport machines embodying the features of watercraft and aeroplanes, which have proved most successful. The craft is known as Hydroglisseurs. They have a flat hydroplane hull and are propelled on the surface of rivers at the speed of an express train by means of propellers exactly similar to those of an aeroplane. Cochin China Hydroglisseur reduced what takes some days' journey ordinarily to nine hours. On the Niger a thousand mile journey was accomplished at the average speed of 36 miles an hour.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-482 - Public Offices - 1923",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-482 - Public Offices - 1923",
        "content_text": "# COMMITTEE OF IMPERIAL DEFENCE\n## DEFENCE OF HONG KONG\n\n(Previous C.I.D. Papers Nos. 119-C, 120-C, 146-C, 167-C, 181-C and 184-C.)\n\nCopy of Letter from the Foreign Office to the Secretary, Committee of Imperial Defence.\n\nA 24/24/45. Sir,\n\nForeign Office, January 12, 1923. IN reply to your letter of the 30th December last (I/D/H/2), in which the opinion of the Secretary of State is invited as to whether the extension of the naval dock at Hong Kong is permissible under the terms of the Washington Treaty, I am directed by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to say that he is advised that this proposal is clearly not permissible under article 19 of the treaty.\n\n2. The situation, as he understands it in the light of the Admiralty letter to your Committee of the 28th October last (M. 0255), is that there is at present at Hong Kong no existing naval dock which can accommodate H.M.S. \"Hawkins,\" and in consequence the \"existing naval facilities for the repair and maintenance of naval forces\" are to that extent inadequate. If the proposed extension were to be carried out there would be a dock capable of taking this vessel, and it would therefore seem clear that the \"existing naval facilities, &c.,\" would have been increased. If it were permissible to add to the existing dock so as to enable it to take H.M.S. \"Hawkins,\" it would seem equally permissible to build a new dock capable of accommodating, e.g., H.M.S. \"Flood,\" but it would be impossible to maintain that this would be legitimate under the terms of article 19. The contention that there are commercial docks at Hong Kong capable of taking H.M.S. \"Hawkins\" does not appear to be material; it was, in the Secretary of State's view, always realised at Washington that in the case of ports like Hong Kong, which is at the same time a naval station and an important commercial port, it was impossible to forbid the increase of the commercial facilities of the port, such as docks, on the ground that the increased facilities would be available for warships. It is therefore only \"naval facilities\" which are dealt with in article 19; but the dock now in question is a purely naval one, to which the provisions of the article undoubtedly apply.\n\n3. The Secretary of State agrees with the Lords Commissioners of the Admiralty in rejecting the interpretation of article 19, referred to in paragraph 8 of their letter of the 28th October. It is his understanding that the wording of paragraph 2 of article 19 (\"Hong Kong and insular possessions\") was expressly adopted because Hong Kong is not entirely an island, and it was thought impossible to confine the operations of the article to the island itself. The words \"coast defences\" in the article were adopted in order to enable increases to be made in the fortifications on the mainland, in so far as the latter are only capable of defending Hong Kong against an attack from the mainland.\n\n4. Although his opinion on the second and third points referred to in your letter is not specifically requested, the Secretary of State agrees with the Committee's recommendations (b) and (c) regarding the storage at Hong Kong for spare parts for aircraft carried in His Majesty's ships and the establishment of a naval volunteer reserve at Hong Kong.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed) MAURICE PETERSON.\n\n## Enclosure\n### The Naval Treaty\n#### ARTICLE 19\n\n(Adopted at Meeting of Sub-Committee of Fifteen on Naval Limitation, held at the Pan-American Building on Monday, January 30, 1922, at 3:30 P.M.)\n\nTHE United States of America, the British Empire and Japan agree that the status quo at the time of the signing of the present Treaty, with regard to fortifications and naval bases, shall be maintained in their respective territories and possessions specified hereunder :-\n\n| Territory/Possession | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1. The insular possessions of the United States | Except (a) those adjacent to the coast of the United States, Alaska and the Panamá Canal zone, not including the Aleutian Islands, and (b) the Hawaiian Islands. |\n| 2. Hong Kong and the insular possessions of the British Empire | Except (a) those adjacent to the coast of Canada; (b) the Commonwealth of Australia and its territories; and (c) New Zealand. |\n| 3. The insular territories and possessions of Japan | The Kurile Islands, the Bonin Islands, Amami-Oshima, the Loochoo Islands, Formosa and the Pescadores, and any insular territories or possessions in the Pacific Ocean which Japan may hereafter acquire. |\n\nThe maintenance of the status quo under the foregoing provisions implies that no new fortifications or naval bases shall be established in the territories and possessions specified; that no measures shall be taken to increase the existing naval facilities for the repair and maintenance of naval forces; and that no increase shall be made in the coast defences of the territories and possessions above specified. This restriction, however, does not preclude such repair and replacement of worn-out weapons and equipment as is customary in naval and military establishments in time of peace.\n\nFranklin Square Hotel, Washington, D.C., January 30, 1922.\n\nPrinted for the Committee of Imperial Defence. January 1923.\n\nPage 18\n**SECRET**\n185-C.\nD.20-1\n13\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n[9373]",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "page_number": 626,
        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## THE CORONET \n\n### THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 10TH\n\nThurs. to Sat., July 9th to 11th, at 2.30, 5.15, 7.15 and 9.15 \n\nWILLIAM DESMOND IN \"STRAIGHT THROUGH\" \nWANDA WILEY IN \"GETTING TRIMMED.\" \nOUR OWN TOPICAL.\n\n## QUEEN'S THEATRE\n\nTo-day at 5.15 p.m. and 9.15 p.m. \nLON CHANEY IN \"THE NIGHT ROSE\" IN SIX PARTS. \nSaturday, July 11th. \nLILLIAN GISH IN \"THE WHITE SISTER\" IN ELEVEN PARTS. \nTO-DAY TILL SUNDAY. At all Shows. \nWILLIAM DUNCAN AND EDITH JOHNSON IN \"THE FIGHTING GUIDE\" (IN SEVEN REELS), \nADDED ATTRACTION: \"A GAME LADY\" (COMEDY IN TWO REELS) AND TOWN TOPICS.\n\n## WORLD THEATRE NOTICE\n\n#9 \nWe beg to advise our Customers that we are well Stocked in all lines of various French Provisions. We have recently Received Large and Well Selected New Stocks. \nCome and Select your Menu from us \nMAGASIN GÉNÉRAL, The Corner Shop, Phone 3312. Beaconsfield Arcade.\n\n## [101 \nTHE NAME MOUTRIE ON A PIANO IS A GUARANTEE OF RELIABILITY. \nEASY TERMS ARRANGED. \nS. MOUTRIE & CO., LTD., CHATER RD.\n\n| Ad | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| 117 | CABLES. EARLIER CABLES THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY. |\n\n## POWERS AND CHINA. PROFUSION OF QUESTIONS IN COMMONS\n\nLONDON, July 8th. In the House of Commons at question time Mr. Austen Chamberlain declared that no proposal for severance of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Government was under consideration by His Majesty's Government. The Diplomatic Body at Peking was considering a joint reply to the fourteen points contained in the Chinese Government's note. He was not aware of any conflict of opinion between the Powers with regard to the reasonableness of the demands.\n\nMr. Beckett declared that the American Press widely stated that the American representatives were willing to accept, but that the British delegates were holding out. Mr. Chamberlain deprecated being called upon to answer questions with regard to information supplied by the different presses of the world, and emphasised that he was not aware of any conflict between the different Governments.\n\nReplying to Mr. George Lansbury, Mr. Chamberlain said that Russia was not represented on the Commission of Enquiry at Shanghai because Russia was not one of the Treaty Powers.\n\nReplying to Mr. Robinson, he said that no proposals had been received from the Government of the United States for convening an International Conference for the purpose of removing the special privileges of certain nationals in the treaty ports of China and giving the Chinese nation unrestricted control of the import duties.\n\nReplying to Mr. Ammon he said that the Government was not prepared to follow the example of Germany, Austria, and Russia by renouncing extra-territorial privileges in China. Pending the result of the present consultations between the Treaty Powers he was not in a position to add anything to his statement of July 1st.\n\n## GERMAN LOANS. UNPOPULAR DECISION BY THE REICHSTAG\n\nBERLIN, July 8th. The Committee of the Bourse has decided to close the Exchange to-day, as a protest against the decision of the Revaluation Committee of the Reichstag to differentiate between old and new holders of paper mark State Loans and grant the latter revaluation only 2 per cent., compared with 12.5 per cent. for old holders.\n\nAll other German exchanges closed also. Bankers and financiers generally are of opinion that it will be possible to parry out much differentiation and anticipate that German securities abroad will be adversely affected thereby.\n\nThe Bourse Committee consider that such a differentiation will destroy confidence in German loans. The Committee decreed that until further notice, quotations of the loans of the Reich and Federal States and towns be struck out of the list.\n\n## THE SUBMARINE CABLE. INTERESTING FILM SHOWN IN LONDON\n\n## SWATOW AFFAIRS. COMMUNAL KITCHEN IN KAKCHIOH\n\n[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.] There has been boycott of British trade since July 1st. The office staffs of all British concerns left on July 4th and the crews of all British motor-boats are on strike. Europeans, however, are in many cases keeping the motor-boats going.\n\nBeyond the attempt to interfere with trade everything is quiet and there have been no attacks on foreigners other than those reported previously.\n\nA communal kitchen is being maintained in Kakchioh and provides two meals daily for the twenty residents there. H.M.S. Bluebell makes all the bread for them and the bluejackets have been doing some of the washing and assisting in the preparation of the meals ashore.\n\n## SEARCHERS FILMED. TO BE USED AS CHINESE PROPAGANDA?\n\nSpecial Constable Smith, who was in charge of a squad of Sikhs searching vehicles on Thibet Road, Shanghai, is wondering whether the police activities, which drew a large crowd on this occasion, are to be featured in some Chinese film drama or will be used for propaganda showing the foreigners' interference with the rights of Chinese in the Foreign Settlement, says the Peking and Tientsin Times.\n\nAs the foreign constable and his men were holding up some rickshas, a motor, the number 4743, came upon the scene. The driver promptly put on the brakes, and calmly sat back in his seat and watched events while the occupants of the car proceeded to film it! Before the amazed constable could inquire of the motorists as to what their intentions were, the car drove off again.\n\n## HOME CRICKET. OXFORD v. CAMBRIDGE\n\nLONDON, July 8th. The inter-Varsity match, Oxford against Cambridge, played at Lords, was drawn. Oxford batted first and made 350, Stewart Brown scoring 56 and Guise 58. Cambridge then went in and made 409, the principal scorers being Duleep Sinhji 75, Crawley 98 and Enthoven 129. The last-named player scored 104 last year and has thus equalled William Yardley's inter-Varsity record of scoring two centuries. Yardley's centuries were made in 1870 and 1872. Oxford's second innings had produced 214 for six wickets when time was called, Brown scoring 69, and Holmes 60 not out.\n\n## SINGAPORE BASE PROGRESS\n\nLONDON, July 8th. In the House of Commons, replying to Commander Kenworthy, Mr. Bridgeman described the progress of work on the new dockyard at Singapore in preparation for dredging work for the berth of the floating dock on arrival of the dredging fleet in November.\n\n## FIGHTING IN MOROCCO. RIFFS PREPARING OFFENSIVE\n\nLONDON, July 8th. \nPARIS, July 8th. \"The Romance of the Submarine Cable,\" a film illustrating the fascinating story of the manufacture, laying, repair, and everyday work of the cable, was exhibited by the Eastern Associated Telegraph Companies after luncheon at the Savoy Hotel presided over by the Vice-Chairman, Mr. J. C. Denison Pender.\n\nA message from Fez says the French evacuated two advanced posts after destruction of defences northward of Wezzan. A later despatch reports that the Riffs mustered ten thousand rifles in the Wergha region where they are endeavouring to win over tribes. The enemy is apparently aiming at a new and intensified offensive against Fez from the north to the south.\n\nThe film gives many instances of the everyday life of the Eastern Company's staff ashore and afloat, and the complicated machinery employed for covering the core of the cable is shown in all its processes.\n\n## THE COAL CRISIS. MR. BALDWIN HOPEFUL\n\nLONDON, July 8th. In the House of Commons, questioned regarding the coal crisis, Mr. Baldwin said that he thought it was clear that the possibilities for negotiation were not yet exhausted, and appealed to both sides to explore every opportunity for a settlement.\n\nHe disagreed with a Labour member who declared that the deadlock was complete.\n\n## FLYING RECORDS\n\nAMSTERDAM, July 8th. Mynheer Grase, the chief of the scientific section of the Fokker aeroplane works, flew a standard Fokker D.XIII machine of 450 h.p., with Napier Lion engine, 100 kilometres at an average speed of 260 kilometres per hour, and 200 kilometres at an average speed of 265 per hour, with a load of 500 kilogrammes. These feats are believed to be world's records.\n\n## 'SOCCER IN AUSTRALIA. ENGLISH TOURISTS WIN AGAIN\n\nNEWCASTLE, New South Wales, July 8th. The English Association Football team beat Newcastle by 3 goals to 1.\n\n## FRANCO-SIAMESE TREATY\n\nPARIS, July 8th. The Foreign Affairs Committee of the Chamber adopted a report concluding in favour of the ratification of the Franco-Siamese Treaty.\n\n## FALL FROM WINDOW. BEAUTIFUL BARONESS KILLED AFTER DANCE\n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. Baroness Helen Zurmuehlen, who is understood to have come from Java, fell early this morning from her seventh floor apartment at the Ritz-Carlton Hotel and was killed. The accident was apparently due to the heat wave. The Baroness had been dancing and had stepped to the window to get a breath of air, when her friends were horrified to see her topple over and fall to the roof of the Japanese garden far below. Her diamond ear-rings were dashed from their settings as she fell. She should have sailed on the Berengaria to-day to join her husband who is believed to be in the Dutch diplomatic service. Prior to her marriage, the Baroness was the beautiful Miss Helen Carruthers, of San Antonio.\n\n## U.S. HEAT WAVE. NINE DEATHS IN TWO DAYS\n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. The East United States are in the grip of a heat wave from which at least nine deaths have taken place in two days. Violent thunderstorms have only temporarily relieved the sweltering millions. The temperature at Washington yesterday was 105 degrees Fahrenheit.\n\n## SAAR BASIN LOAN\n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. The complete success is announced of the four million dollar seven per cent. Saar Basin Loan, offered here and at Chicago at $97.\n\n## LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.\n\nL. C's are clearing out their stock of Aertex Underwear at reduced prices - $3.00 per Garment.\n\n## GAUNTIE HATS. HOSE AND SOCKS\n\nThe Ideal Hat for Sportsmen. Price $7.50 \nThe Ideal Summer Sock-Light Weight-Silk Mixture in Drab Brown and Grey Shades. $1.75 Pr. \n6 Prs. $10.\n\n## GENTLEMEN'S OUTFITTERS. LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.\n\nGOLF HOSE and KHAKI SHORTS.\n\n## E. MERCK, Darmstadt. WORKS CHEMICAL ESTABLISHED 1668\n\n\"MERCK'S\" Products are second to none for Purity and Reliability. \nSole-Agents:-BORNEMANN & Co., HONGKONG, ASIATIC BUILDING. C. 4567\n\n## NEVER GOES ON STRIKE! THE DECCA\n\n$35.00 AT ANDERSON'S. EXCLUSIVE AGENCY FOR VAN RAALTE MILANESE \nVests $6.25 & $8.25 ea. O.S. $6.50 & $8.50 ea. \nKnickers to match $8.25 $8.50 $11.00 \nTeddies $8.50 $11.00 $11.00 \nSILK UNDERWEAR. \nA New Delivery of White Dresses Just Received. 600",
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        "title": "CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7]",
        "content_text": "## THE CORONET \n\n**THE HONGKONG DAILY PRESS, FRIDAY, JULY 10TH, 1925** \n\nThurs. to Sat., July 9th to 11th, at 2.30, 5.15, 7.15 and 9.15 \n\n**WILLIAM DESMOND** \nin \n\"STRAIGHT \nTHROUGH” \nand \n**WANDA WILEY** \nin \n“GETTING TRIMMED.” \nOur own topical. \n\n**QUEEN'S THEATRE** \n\n66 \n\nTo-day at 5.15 p.m. and 9.15 p.m. \n**LON CHANEY** \nin \n\"THE NIGHT ROSE” \nin six parts. \n\nSaturday, July 11th. \n**LILLIAN GISH** \nin \n\"THE WHITE SISTER\" \nin eleven parts. \n\nTO-DAY TILL SUNDAY, At all Shows, \n**WILLIAM DUNCAN** \nand \n**EDITH JOHNSON** \nin \n\"The Fighting Guide\" \n(in seven reels), \nAdded Attraction :- \n“A Game Lady\" \n(comedy in two reels) \nand \nTown Topics. \n\n**WORLD THEATRE** \n\nNOTICE. \n89 \n\nWe beg to advise our Customers that we are well stocked in all lines of various French Provisions. We have recently received large and well-selected new stocks. Come and select your menu from us \n\n**MAGASIN GÉNÉRAL**, \nThe Corner Shop, \nPhone 3312. \nBeaconsfield Arcade. \n\nThe name **MOUTRIE** on a piano is a guarantee of reliability. Easy terms arranged. \n**S. MOUTRIE & CO., LTD.**, Chater Rd. \n\n[CABLES. EARLIER CABLES THROUGH REUTER'S AGENCY.] \n\n## POWERS AND CHINA. \n\nPROFUSION OF QUESTIONS IN COMMONS. \n\nLONDON, July 8th. In the House of Commons at question time Mr. Austen Chamberlain declared that no proposal for severance of diplomatic relations with the Soviet Government was under consideration by His Majesty's Government. The Diplomatic Body at Peking was considering a joint reply to the fourteen points contained in the Chinese Government's note. He was not aware of any conflict of opinion between the Powers with regard to the reasonableness of the demands. \n\nMr. Beckett declared that the American Press widely stated that the American representatives were willing to accept, but that the British delegates were holding out. Mr. Chamberlain deprecated being called upon to answer questions with regard to information supplied by the different presses of the world, and emphasised that he was not aware of any conflict between the different Governments. \n\nReplying to Mr. George Lansbury, Mr. Chamberlain said that Russia was not represented on the Commission of Enquiry at Shanghai because Russia was not one of the Treaty Powers. \n\nReplying to Mr. Robinson, he said that no proposals had been received from the Government of the United States for convening an International Conference for the purpose of removing the special privileges of certain nationals in the treaty ports of China and giving the Chinese nation unrestricted control of the import duties. \n\nReplying to Mr. Ammon he said that the Government was not prepared to follow the example of Germany, Austria, and Russia by renouncing extra-territorial privileges in China. Pending the result of the present consultations between the Treaty Powers he was not in a position to add anything to his statement of July 1st. \n\n## GERMAN LOANS. \n\nUNPOPULAR DECISION BY THE REICHSTAG. \n\nBERLIN, July 8th. The Committee of the Bourse has decided to close the Exchange to-day, as a protest against the decision of the Revaluation Committee of the Reichstag to differentiate between old and new holders of paper mark State Loans and grant the latter revaluation at only 2 per cent., compared with 5 per cent. for old holders. \n\nAll other German exchanges closed also. \n\nBankers and financiers generally are of opinion that it will be impossible to carry out such a differentiation, and anticipate that German securities abroad will be adversely affected thereby. \n\nThe Bourse Committee consider that such a differentiation will destroy confidence in German loans. The Committee decreed that until further notice, quotations of the loans of the Reich and Federal States and towns be struck out of the list. \n\n## THE SUBMARINE CABLE. INTERESTING FILM SHOWN IN LONDON. \n\nLONDON, July 8th. \"The Romance of the Submarine Cable,\" a film illustrating the fascinating story of the manufacture, laying, repairing, and everyday work of the cable, was exhibited by the Eastern Associated Telegraph Companies after a luncheon at The Savoy Hotel presided over by the Vice-Chairman, Mr. J. O. Denison Pender. \n\nThe film gives many instances of the everyday life of the Eastern Company's staff ashore and afloat, and the complicated machinery employed for covering the core of the cable is shown in all its processes. \n\n## THE COAL CRISIS. \n\nMR. BALDWIN HOPEFUL. \n\nLONDON, July 8th. In the House of Commons, questioned regarding the coal crisis, Mr. Baldwin said that he thought it was clear that the possibilities for negotiation were not yet exhausted, and appealed to both sides to explore every opportunity for a settlement. \n\nHe disagreed with a Labour member who declared that the deadlock was complete. \n\n## FLYING RECORDS. \n\nAMSTERDAM, July 8th. Mynheer Grase, the chief of the scientific section of the Fokker aeroplane works, flew a standard Fokker D.XIII machine of 450 h.p., with a Napier Lion engine, 100 kilometres at an average speed of 266 kilometres per hour, and 200 kilometres at an average speed of 265 per hour, with a load of 500 kilogrammes. These feats are believed to be world's records. \n\n## 'SOCCER IN AUSTRALIA. \n\nENGLISH TOURISTS WIN AGAIN. \n\nNEWCASTLE, New South Wales, July 8th. The English Association Football team beat Newcastie by 3 goals to nil. \n\n## FRANCO-SIAMESE TREATY. \n\nPARIS, July 8th. The Foreign Affairs Committee of the Chamber adopted a report concluding in favour of the ratification of the Franco-Siamese Treaty.--Reuter. \n\n## SWATOW AFFAIRS. \n\nCOMMUNAL KITCHEN IN KAKCHIOH. \n\n[FROM OUR OWN CORRESPONDENT.] There has been a boycott of British trade since July 1st. The office staffs of all British concerns left on July 4th and the crews of all British motor-boats are on strike. Europeans, however, are in many cases keeping the motor-boats going. \n\nBeyond the attempt to interfere with trade everything is quiet and there have been no attacks on foreigners other than those reported previously. \n\nA communal kitchen is being maintained in Kakchioh and provides two meals daily for the twenty residents there. H.M.S. `Bluebell` makes all the bread for the bluejackets have been helping them and doing some of the washing and assisting in the preparation of the meals ashore. \n\n## SEARCHERS FILMED. \n\nTO BE USED AS CHINESE PROPAGANDA? \n\nSpecial Constable Smith, who was in charge of a squad of Sikhs searching vehicles on Thibet Road, Shanghai, is wondering whether the police activities, which drew a large crowd on this occasion, are to be featured in some Chinese film drama or will be used for propaganda showing the foreigners' interference with the rights of Chinese in the Foreign Settlement, says the `Peking and Tientsin Times`. \n\nAs the foreign constable and his men were holding up some rickshas, a motor car, No. 4743, came upon the scene. The driver promptly put on the brakes, and calmly sat back in his seat and watched events while the occupants of the car proceeded to film it! Before the amazed constable could inquire of the motorists as to what their intentions were, the car drove off again. \n\n## HOME CRICKET. \n\nOXFORD v. CAMBRIDGE. \n\nLONDON, July 8th. The inter-Varsity match, Oxford against Cambridge, played at Lords, was drawn. Oxford batted first and made 350, Stewart Brown scoring 56 and Guise 58. Cambridge then went in and made 409, the principal scorers being Duleep Sinhji 75, Crawley 98 and Enthoven 129. The last-named player scored 104 last year and has thus equalled William Yardley's inter-Varsity record of scoring two centuries. Yardley's centuries were made in 1870 and 1872 Oxford's second innings had produced 214 for six wickets when time was called, Brown scoring 69, and Holmes 68. \n\n## SINGAPORE BASE PROGRESS. \n\nLONDON, July 8th. \n\nIn the House of Commons, replying to Commander Kenworthy, Mr. Bridgeman described the progress of work on the new dockyard at Singapore in preparation for dredging work for the berth of the floating dock on arrival of the dredging fleet in November. \n\n## FIGHTING IN MOROCCO. \n\nRIFFS PREPARING OFFENSIVE. \n\nPARIS, July 8th. A message from Fez says the French northward of Wezzan evacuated two advanced posts after the removal of stores and destruction of defences. A later despatch reports that Riffs mustered ten thousand rifles in the Wergba region where they are endeavouring to win over tribes. The enemy is apparently aiming at a new and intensified offensive against Fez from the north to the south. \n\n## FALL FROM WINDOW BEAUTIFUL BARONESS KILLED AFTER DANCE. \n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. Baroness Helen Zurmuhlen, who is understood to have come from Java, fell early this morning from her seventh-floor fashionable apartment at the Carlton Hotel and was killed. \n\nThe accident was apparently due to the heat wave. The Baroness had been dancing and had stepped to the window to get a breath of air, when her friends were horrified to see her topple over and fall to the roof of the Japanese garden far below. Her diamond ear-rings were dashed from their settings as she fell. She should have sailed on the `Berengaria` to-day to join her husband who is believed to be in the Dutch diplomatic service. Prior to her marriage, the Baroness was the beautiful Miss Helen Carruthers, of San Antonio. \n\n## U.S. HEAT WAVE. NINE DEATHS IN TWO DAYS. \n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. The East United States are in the grip of a heat wave from which at least nine deaths have taken place in two days. \n\nViolent thunderstorms have only temporarily relieved the sweltering millions. The temperature at Washington yesterday was 105 degrees Fahrenheit. \n\n## SAAR BASIN LOAN. \n\nNEW YORK, July 8th. The complete success is announced of the four million dollar seven per cent. Saar Basin Loan, offered here and at Chicago at $97. \n\n| Ad            | Price     |\n| :------------- | :-------- |\n| Aertex Underwear | $3.00 per Garment |\n| Hat (Fine Soft Felt) | $7.50     |\n| Ideal Summer Sock | $1.75 Pr.  |\n| Holeproof Socks  | 6 Prs. $10 |\n| Golf Hose and Khaki Shorts | -         |\n\n**LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD.** \nGentlemen's Outfitters.\n\n\"MERCK'S\" Products are second to none for Purity and Reliability. \nSole-Agents:-**BORNEMANN & Co.**, HONGKONG, ASIATIC BUILDING. \n\n## DECCA \n\n$35.00 at **THE DECCA** and **ANDERSON'S**. \n| Item          | Price       |\n| :------------ | :---------- |\n| Powell Vests  | $6.25 & $8.25 ea. O.S. $6.50 & $8.50 ea. |\n| Knickers to match | $8.25       |\n| Teddies       | $8.50, $10.50, $11.00 |\n| A New Delivery of White Dresses Just Received | -         |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-488 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1925 [1-7].txt",
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        "id": 504028,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "page_number": 524,
        "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "3. 502 was in reality the coercion of the pickets, who were decidedly in the minority. Further, the action was not punitive or aggressive and would have strengthened the hands of the Canton Authorities, who inwardly would have welcomed such action as tending to save their face and extricate them from an unenviable position.\n\n12. In the event of the Insect Class Gunboats failing to pass Money Penny Creek, it would have been necessary for them to proceed past the Danes Island Defences. These vessels would have been proceeding down river and in the reverse direction for which the forts were primarily designed. Their passage would have been made at full speed proceeding with the stream, covered by smoke screens and aided by aircraft diversion. Plans to cover this operation from the air had been drawn up by H.M.S. \"VINDICTIVE\". Operations (b) and (c) were designed, merely in support of (a).\n\n13.\n\n14. In considering these measures it was accepted that if real resistance was made the whole scheme would have failed, and the situation may have become unmanageable and difficult. To those present however it was obvious that such was most unlikely and improbable, and that the general feeling would have been one of thankfulness for deliverance rather than the reverse. If there had been any suspicion that matters would not proceed as anticipated, such measures could not have been recommended. In all war or coercion there must be generally an element of risk, but the degree of risk and the value of the objectives are the deciding factors when recommending action. That this risk would have been justified is proved by subsequent results as Mr. Eugene Chen's letter of the 18th September, 1925, proposing to end the boycott, and the actual ending of the boycott was only prompted by the belief that matters were not to be allowed by us to remain as they were, and that further action, additional to that on 4th September, 1926, was pending. With this knowledge, backed by the approaching arrival of reinforcements and local propaganda, he induced his colleagues and the Strike Committee to agree to the termination of the boycott.",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 381,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "SECRET.\n\n286-0.\n\nof His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n374\n\nImperial Defence. November 1926.\n\nCopy No. 18\n\nCOMMITTEE OF IMPERIAL DEFENCE.\n\nHONG KONG: DEFENCE OF.\n\n(Previous C.I.D. Papers Nov. 617–B, 677-R, 119-C, 120-C, 146-C, 167-C, 181-C, 184-C, 185-C, 186-C, 231–C, 235-0, 240–0, 257-0, 263-0 and 282-C.)\n\nNEED FOR IMMEDIATE PURCHASE OF KAI TAK AREA FOR CONSTRUCTION OF AN AERODROME.\n\nNOTE BY THE SECRETARY OF STATE FOR AIR.\n\nI CIRCULATE herewith, for consideration by the Committee of Imperial Defence, a Memorandum by the Air Staff drawing attention to the need for the immediate purchase of the Kai Tak area at Hong Kong, since this is the only site where adequate facilities are available from the point of view of defence.\n\n(Signed)\n\nSAMUEL HOARE.\n\nAir Ministry, November 22, 1926.\n\nEnclosure.\n\nNote by the Air Staff.\n\n1. The Joint Staffs Sub-Committee have recommended (C.I.D. 282-C, Appendix I) that the Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired without delay for the purpose of the construction of an aerodrome. The Chiefs of Staff at their 36th Meeting commended this recommendation on strategical grounds (C.O.S. 44). The Overseas Defence Committee at their 271st Meeting also expressed general agreement that, from the point of view of defence, the acquisition of the Kai Tak reclamation area was highly desirable.\n\n2. The question has now arisen as to whether the purchase of the site should not be made contingent on an interpretation of the Washington Treaty arrived at after consultation with the signatory Powers of the treaty, and one legally permitting the establishment of an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\n3. The Air Staff regard with great anxiety the possibility of indefinite delays in the acquisition of this area, the only possible site for an aerodrome which will serve the defence needs of Hong Kong.\n\n4. An aerodrome at Hong Kong is necessary to fulfil the following needs in the event of war-time operations:-\n\n(a.) To accommodate air units to resist enemy air and sea-borne attacks.\n\n(b.) To co-operate with naval forces in the defence of Hong Kong and to furnish shore facilities for the Fleet Air Arm.\n\n(c.) To allow of air co-operation with the Army in connection with coastal and landward defences of Hong Kong.\n\n[15409]",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926.txt",
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    {
        "id": 505666,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 388,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "2\n\ngeneral agreement that from the point of view of defence, the acquisition of the Kai Tak reclamation area at Hong Kong was highly desirable.\n\n7. The Committee are informed that the Foreign Office are of opinion that the purchase of the site in question could not be held to constitute an infringement of Article 19 of the Washington Treaty. The Foreign Office consider, however, that the actual construction of the proposed aerodrome might be regarded by other signatories as an increase in the coast defences of Hong Kong and, in consequence, as a contravention of the Treaty.\n\nThey recognise, however, that a commercial aerodrome for a great commercial centre like Hong Kong may before long become as indispensable as an increase in docking accommodation to meet the increasing needs of commercial shipping, and that in that event the other Treaty signatories, if consulted beforehand, would hardly be able to oppose its construction on the grounds that it could be used by military aircraft either in peace or in war,\n\n8. The Committee would therefore suggest that America and Japan should be approached with a view to discussing the general question of the establishment of aerodromes in the areas covered by the Washington Treaty, and, in particular, the question of constructing an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\n9. The Committee have noted that under the existing laws of the Colony it would be possible to acquire the site in question by compulsion at any time. They are strongly of opinion, however, that sanction of the Governor's proposal should not be withheld until the result of the discussion suggested in the preceding paragraph is known. While recognising that it might be ultimately decided that no aerodrome of any kind could be constructed at Hong Kong, they suggest that this is a risk that might well be run, since it appears that if the land is not secured now it will cost a great deal more later.\n\n10. It is observed that the Governor's proposal to raise the necessary funds for the purchase of the site by means of a loan to be raised locally was made in February 1928, at a time when it was hoped that the boycott at Canton would not be of long duration. Although the boycott has now ended, the Committee suggest that its prolongation must necessarily have had a serious effect on the financial position of Hong Kong. They accordingly recommend that the Colonial Office should obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n11. Finally, the Committee submit the following summary of their conclusions for consideration by the Committee of Imperial Defence:-\n\n(i.) That, from the defence point of view, the acquisition of the Kai Tak reclamation area is desirable, and accordingly recommend that approval in principle should be given to the proposals on the subject made by the Governor of Hong Kong in his despatch, dated the 18th February, 1926, which were recommended in the Interim Report by the Joint Staffs (Appendix I), and to which commendation was given by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 36th Meeting.\n\n(ii) That as, in the opinion of the Foreign Office, the proposed aerodrome might be regarded as an infringement of the Washington Treaty. America and Japan should be approached with a view to discussing the general question of the establishment of aerodromes in the areas covered by the Washington Treaty and, in particular, the question of constructing an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\n(iii) That owing to the prolonged boycott at Canton and its resultant effect on the financial position of Hong Kong, conditions may have changed since the above-mentioned proposals were put forward, and accordingly they recommend that the Colonial Office be requested to obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n(iv.) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be postponed for further investigation by the Sub-Committee on the composition and organisation of local forces when that body deals with the local forces of Hong Kong.\n\n(Signed)\n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W.1,\n\nNovember 1, 1926.\n\nG. N. MACREADY, Secretary,\n\nOversea Defence Committee.\n\n3\n\nReservation by Treasury Representative.\n\nIn my opinion the Hong Kong Government should be definitely warned not to purchase the land required for the proposed aerodrome until it has been definitely ascertained that neither Japan nor the United States of America regard the provision of a military aerodrome at Hong Kong as an offence against the Washington Treaty.\n\nThe requirements for a civilian and a military aerodrome are, so far as I know, barely distinguishable; the intention here is to provide a military aerodrome.\n\nThe experience of civil flying in this country after years of subsidy is that a commercial profit is not yet in sight. It seems to me improbable that sufficient support would be forthcoming from commercial interests in China to make it a paying proposition within the period of the Washington Treaty.\n\nThe Hong Kong Government would have to justify expenditure on proposed purchase of land by explaining its purpose. If the recommendations of the Committee are acted upon in Hong Kong, the purchase or the intention to purchase, and its purpose, will almost certainly become known to the Governments of Japan and of the United States of America before they will have had time to answer the question to be put to them by the Foreign Office.\n\nThe result would almost surely be to throw doubt upon the bona fides of the enquiry; and this risk is to be run for the sake of a possible saving in the price of the land. In my opinion there is no reason to suppose from the Governor's despatch of the 18th February last that there is any real risk of a rising market in land values in China within the next few months, but even were conditions in China rapidly to become more stable in the next few months, in my opinion our policy should be to ascertain whether there is any objection on the part of our co-signatories to the Treaty of Washington to the provision of an aerodrome at Hong Kong, and to endeavour to remove any objection that may be disclosed before allowing any steps to be taken towards such provision.\n\nTreasury, S.W.1,\n\nOctober 25, 1926\n\n(Signed) H. E. FASS.\n\n380\n\n| 14922\n\nB 2\n\nids",
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        "id": 505667,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 389,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "C.O.S. 44.\n\n4\n\n# APPENDIX I.\n\n## Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee.\n\n### HONG KONG-Defence of.\n\n#### Interim Report by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\n1. The Joint Staffs Sub-Committee on the Defence of Hong Kong has taken note of the conclusion reached by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 32nd Meeting, held on the 3rd June, 1926, when it was agreed\n\nTo approve in principle the proposal of the Chief of the Air Staff to take such preliminary steps as may be necessary to acquire ground for an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\nThe Sub-Committee has further taken note of Colonial Office letter No. C.7237/26, dated the 15th May, 1926, forwarding despatches by the Governor of Hong Kong, and suggesting that the points raised should be examined, in the first place, by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\n2. The proposals put forward were that\n\n(a.) The Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired as an aerodrome site.\n\n(b.) A small local unit for police work should be formed.\n\n3. As regards (a), a decision as to whether it is possible and desirable to station regular air forces at Hong Kong in peace time depends on a number of factors which have not yet been fully investigated. In certain eventualities, however, such as might occur during trouble in Canton, the despatch of air forces to Hong Kong, perhaps only as a temporary measure, might be desirable.\n\nTo provide for such a contingency, it is essential that an aerodrome, with facilities for seaplanes as well as for landplanes, should be available. The Kai Tak reclamation area on the Kowloon peninsula is not only the best site, but practically the only suitable site, and if it were built over, the potential use of aircraft for defence in the future would be seriously restricted. In addition, the present time appears to be favourable for purchase, and delay in acquisition now might result in heavier expenditure at a later date.\n\nThere appears to be no possible reason from the Treaty aspect against the acquisition of this aerodrome site. A levelled area of ground cannot be interpreted as an increase in coast defences. It is only when buildings are erected and aircraft actually located on the aerodrome that the question of legality appears to arise.\n\nThe Sub-Committee is therefore of the opinion that the Kai Tak site should be acquired at an early date, and recommends that the Governor of Hong Kong should be given authority to proceed with the necessary purchase.\n\n4. With regard to (b), i.e., the formation of a local police air unit at Hong Kong, it is considered that the proposals put forward will require considerable investigation, and that the question could more appropriately be dealt with by the Local Forces Sub-Committee of the Oversea Defence Committee.\n\nThere does not appear to be any particular urgency for the formation of this unit, and the Sub-Committee therefore recommends that the Governor be informed that the matter is being further investigated.\n\n## Conclusion.\n\n5. The Sub-Committee recommends:\n\n(a.) That the Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired without delay.\n\n(b) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be referred for further investigation.\n\n(Signed) W. G. S. DOBBIE, Colonel, G.S. (Chairman), Directorate of Military Operations and Intelligence, War Office.\n\n(Signed) WILFRED A. EGERTON, Captain, R.N., Plans Division, Admiralty.\n\n(Signed) B. E. SMYTHIES, Wing-Commander, R.A.F, Directorate of Operations and Intelligence, Air Ministry.\n\n5\n\n# APPENDIX II.\n\n## Governor, Hong Kong, to Secretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nHong Kong, February 18, 1926.\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your secret despatch of the 10th December, 1925, covering a copy of a letter with enclosures in original from the Air Ministry. The enclosures deal with a suggestion for the provision of an aerodrome site in the Colony, and the despatch calls upon me to furnish a report upon the practicability of the proposals of the Air Ministry and the cost involved. You enquire further whether the arguments adduced in Sir R. E. Stubbs' secret despatch of the 13th October, 1925, on the subject of expenditure for the increase of the Garrison of Hong Kong apply equally to the question of Air Defence.\n\n2. I welcome the opportunity of expressing my views, as since my arrival in the Colony in November 1925, the question of providing aircraft for Hong Kong has been continuously pressed on my attention, and I have had it under the most careful consideration from every aspect. The requirements of the Defence of the Colony, the possibilities of Police aviation, and the probable development of civil commercial aviation have all been passed under review and fully discussed; and the matter of aerodrome accommodation has inevitably arisen in considering any aspect of the question.\n\n3. The first experience of the Colony in aviation for Defence purposes has been provided during the last six months by the presence of H.M.S. \"Hermes\" with a flight of seaplanes; and the experience has been important as foreshadowing the value of Police aviation in a Colony where natural obstacles to rapid communication are unusually serious. For purposes of defence the Air Patrol of the Frontier maintained by the seaplanes of H.M.S. \"Hermes\" has been of great value as a deterrent to the operations of strike pickets which I have described in my despatch No. 72 of the 18th February, and has demonstrated the necessity of providing an Air Force Arm for any complete Scheme of defence that may be devised.\n\n4. In this connection, I request your attention to the article extracted from the \"Hong Kong Daily Press\" of the 9th February, 1926, which forms the first enclosure to this despatch. The development of aviation in Canton in an organised manner has been under consideration for a long time past, and the rapid march of events in the Province (especially in military matters) augurs the early establishment of such an arm. Aeroplanes have already been used in the recent fighting in Kuang-tung, and, though they are probable, as yet, of little material value, their development may be expected. In any case, the fact that they could, even now, fly over the Colony of Hong Kong with complete impunity must be a source of anxiety. H.M.S. \"Hermes\" utilised seaplanes only, but the Naval Authorities found it necessary to provide some accommodation ashore for her land machines, and this was found on the West portion of the Kai Tak reclamation, near Kowloon City, on which temporary sheds (so marked on the plan which forms enclosure 2* in this despatch) were erected. The Admiralty ordered on the 17th November that these sheds should be abandoned by the Naval Authorities, and I directed that they should be taken over and maintained at the expense of the Colonial Government. The area on which the sheds stand and the open ground in front of them constitute an important part of the complete scheme, which I put forward in paragraphs 12, 14, 15 and 16 below.\n\n5.\n\n6. In formulating the scheme, I have not overlooked the policy outlined in \"Notes on Proposals for Air Base at Hong Kong,\" of which a copy was received from the General Officer Commanding the Troops, China Command, under date the 4th December, 1925. It runs as follows:-\n\n\"It is not considered that any air menace to Hong Kong exists at the present time from China, since the Chinese only possess a few aircraft which could be kept in check by our machines flown off Carriers as soon as such vessels are stationed on the China Station. Should, however, developments of Chinese Air Forces occur, or the present situation in China be materially altered, the Government might deem it necessary, in order to safeguard our interests in China, to establish an Air Base in Hong Kong, in spite of the difficulties and great expense involved.\n\n[14922]\n\n*Not reproduced.\n\nB 3\n\n381",
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        "page_number": 396,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "388\n\n2\n\n7. The Committee are informed that the Foreign Office are of opinion that the purchase of the site in question could not be held to constitute an infringement of Article 19 of the Washington Treaty. The Foreign Office consider, however, that the actual construction of an aerodrome, even if intended for purely commercial purposes, might, owing to its military potentialities, be regarded by other signatories as an increase in the coast defences of Hong Kong and, in consequence, as a contravention of the Treaty.\n\nThey recognise, however, that an aerodrome for a great commercial centre like Hong Kong may before long become as indispensable as an increase in docking accommodation to meet the increasing needs of commercial shipping, and that the other Treaty signatories, if consulted beforehand, would hardly be able to oppose its construction on the grounds that it could be used by military aircraft either in peace or in war.\n\n8. The Committee would therefore suggest that America and Japan should be approached with a view to discussing the general question of the establishment of aerodromes in the areas covered by the Washington Treaty, and, in particular, the question of constructing an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\n9. The Committee have noted that under the existing laws of the Colony it would be possible to acquire the site in question by compulsion at any time. They are strongly of opinion, however, that sanction of the Governor's proposal should not be withheld until the result of the discussion suggested in the preceding paragraph is known. While recognising that it might be ultimately decided that no aerodrome of any kind could be constructed at Hong Kong, they suggest that this is a risk that might well be run, since it appears that if the land is not secured now it will cost a great deal more later.\n\n10. It is observed that the Governor's proposal to raise the necessary funds for the purchase of the site by means of a loan to be raised locally was made in February 1926, at a time when it was hoped that the boycott at Canton would not be of long duration. Although the boycott has now ended, the Committee suggest that its prolongation must necessarily have had a serious effect on the financial position of Hong Kong. They accordingly recommend that the Colonial Office should obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n11. Finally, the Committee submit the following summary of their conclusions for consideration by the Committee of Imperial Defence:-\n\n(i.) That, from the defence point of view, the acquisition of the Kai Tak reclamation area is desirable, and accordingly recommend that approval in principle should be given to the proposals on the subject made by the Governor of Hong Kong in his despatch dated the 18th February, 1926, which were recommended in the Interim Report by the Joint Staffs (Appendix I), and to which commendation was given by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 36th Meeting.\n\n(ii) That as, in the opinion of the Foreign Office, the actual construction of an aerodrome, even for purely commercial purposes, might be regarded as an infringement of the Washington Treaty, America and Japan should be approached with a view to discussing the general question of the establishment of aerodromes in the areas covered by the Washington Treaty and, in particular, the question of constructing an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\n(iii) That owing to the prolonged boycott at Canton and its resultant effect on the financial position of Hong Kong, conditions may have changed since the above-mentioned proposals were put forward, and accordingly they recommend that the Colonial Office be requested to obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n(iv.) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be postponed for further investigation by the Sub-Committee on the composition and organisation of local forces when that body deals with the local forces of Hong Kong.\n\n(Signed)\n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W. 1,\n\nOctober 26, 1926.\n\nG. N. MACREADY, Secretary,\n\nOversea Defence Committee.\n\n3\n\nReservation by Treasury Representative.\n\nIn my opinion the Hong Kong Government should be definitely warned not to purchase the land required for the proposed aerodrome until it has been definitely ascertained that neither Japan nor the United States of America regard the provision of a military aerodrome at Hong Kong as an offence against the Washington Treaty.\n\nThe requirements for a civilian and a military aerodrome are, so far as I know, barely distinguishable; the intention here is to provide a military aerodrome.\n\nThe experience of civil flying in this country after years of subsidy is that a commercial profit is not yet in sight. It seems to me improbable that sufficient support would be forthcoming from commercial interests in China to make it a paying proposition within the period of the Washington Treaty.\n\nThe Hong Kong Government would have to justify expenditure on proposed purchase of land by explaining its purpose. If the recommendations of the Committee are acted upon in Hong Kong, the purchase or the intention to purchase, and its purpose, will almost certainly become known to the Governments of Japan and of the United States of America before they will have had time to answer the question to be put to them by the Foreign Office.\n\nThe result would almost surely be to throw doubt upon the bona fides of the enquiry; and this risk is to be run for the sake of a possible saving in the price of the land. In my opinion there is no reason to suppose from the Governor's despatch of the 18th February last that there is any real risk of a rising market in land values in China within the next few months, but even were conditions in China rapidly to become more stable in the next few months, in my opinion our policy should be to ascertain whether there is any objection on the part of our co-signatories to the Treaty of Washington to the provision of an aerodrome at Hong Kong, and to endeavour to remove any objection that may be disclosed before allowing any steps to be taken towards such provision.\n\nTreasury, S.W. 1,\n\nOctober 25, 1926.\n\n(Signed) H. E. FASS.\n\n[14922\n\nB 2",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 397,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "5\n\n389\n\nC.O.S. 44.\n\nAPPENDIX I.\n\nChiefs of Staff Sub-Committee.\n\nHONG KONG - Defence of\n\nInterim Report by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\n1. The Joint Staffs Sub-Committee on the Defence of Hong Kong has taken note of the conclusion reached by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 32nd Meeting, held on the 3rd June, 1926, when it was agreed-\n\nTo approve in principle the proposal of the Chief of the Air Staff to take such preliminary steps as may be necessary to acquire ground for an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\nThe Sub-Committee has further taken note of Colonial Office letter No. C.7237/26, dated the 15th May, 1926, forwarding despatches by the Governor of Hong Kong, and suggesting that the points raised should be examined, in the first place, by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\n2. The proposals put forward were that—\n\n(a) The Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired as an aerodrome site.\n\n(b) A small local unit for police work should be formed.\n\n3. As regards (a), a decision as to whether it is possible and desirable to station regular air forces at Hong Kong in peace time depends on a number of factors which have not yet been fully investigated. In certain eventualities, however, such as might occur during trouble in Canton, the despatch of air forces to Hong Kong, perhaps only as a temporary measure, might be desirable.\n\nTo provide for such a contingency, it is essential that an aerodrome, with facilities for seaplanes as well as for landplanes, should be available. The Kai Tak reclamation area on the Kowloon peninsula is not only the best site, but practically the only suitable site, and if it were built over, the potential use of aircraft for defence in the future would be seriously restricted. In addition, the present time appears to be favourable for purchase, and delay in acquisition now might result in heavier expenditure at a later date.\n\nThere appears to be no possible reason from the Treaty aspect against the acquisition of this aerodrome site. A levelled area of ground cannot be interpreted as an increase in coast defences. It is only when buildings are erected and aircraft actually located on the aerodrome that the question of legality appears to arise.\n\nThe Sub-Committee is therefore of the opinion that the Kai Tak site should be acquired at an early date, and recommends that the Governor of Hong Kong should be given authority to proceed with the necessary purchase.\n\n4. With regard to (b), the formation of a local police air unit at Hong Kong, it is considered that the proposals put forward will require considerable investigation, and that the question could more appropriately be dealt with by the Local Forces Sub-Committee of the Oversea Defence Committee.\n\nThere does not appear to be any particular urgency for the formation of this unit, and the Sub-Committee therefore recommends that the Governor be informed that the matter is being further investigated.\n\nConclusion.\n\n5. The Sub-Committee recommends :-\n\n(a) That the Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired without delay.\n\n(b) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be referred for further investigation.\n\n(Signed) W. G. S. DOBBIE, Colonel, G.S. (Chairman), Directorate of Military Operations and Intelligence, War Office.\n\n(Signed) WILFRED A. EGERTON, Captain, R.N., Plans Division, Admiralty.\n\n(Signed) B. E. SMYTHIES, Wing-Commander, R.A.F., Directorate of Operations and Intelligence, Air Ministry.\n\nAPPENDIX II.\n\nGovernor, Hong Kong, to Secretary of State for the Colonies,\n\nHong Kong, February 18, 1926.\n\nSir,\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your secret despatch of the 10th December, 1925, covering a copy of a letter with enclosures in original from the Air Ministry. The enclosures deal with a suggestion for the provision of an aerodrome site in the Colony, and the despatch calls upon me to furnish a report upon the practicability of the proposals of the Air Ministry and the cost involved. You enquire further whether the arguments adduced in Sir R. E. Stubbs' secret despatch of the 13th October, 1925, on the subject of expenditure for the increase of the Garrison of Hong Kong apply equally to the question of Air Defence.\n\n2. I welcome the opportunity of expressing my views, as since my arrival in the Colony in November 1925, the question of providing aircraft for Hong Kong has been continuously pressed on my attention, and I have had it under the most careful consideration from every aspect. The requirements of the Defence of the Colony, the possibilities of Police aviation, and the probable development of civil commercial aviation have all been passed under review and fully discussed; and the matter of aerodrome accommodation has inevitably arisen in considering any aspect of the question.\n\n3. The first experience of the Colony in aviation for Defence purposes has been provided during the last six months by the presence of H.M.S. \"Hermes\" with a flight of seaplanes; and the experience has been important as foreshadowing the value of Police aviation in a Colony where natural obstacles to rapid communication are unusually serious. For purposes of defence the Air Patrol of the Frontier maintained by the seaplanes of H.M.S. \"Hermes\" has been of great value as a deterrent to the operations of strike pickets which I have described in my despatch No. 72 of the 18th February, and has demonstrated the necessity of providing an Air Force Arm for any complete Scheme of defence that may be devised.\n\n53\n\n4. In this connection, I request your attention to the article extracted from the \"Hong Kong Daily Press\" of the 9th February, 1926, which forms the first enclosure to this despatch. The development of aviation in Canton in an organised manner has been under consideration for a long time past, and the rapid march of events in the Province (especially in military matters) augurs the early establishment of such an arm. Aeroplanes have already been used in the recent fighting in Kuang-tung, and, though they are probably, as yet, of little material value, their development may be expected. In any case, the fact that they could, even now, fly over the Colony of Hong Kong with complete impunity must be a source of anxiety.\n\n5. H.M.S.\" Hermes\" utilised seaplanes only, but the Naval Authorities found it necessary to provide some accommodation ashore for her land machines, and this was found on the West portion of the Kai Tak reclamation, near Kowloon City, on which temporary sheds (so marked on the plan which forms enclosure 2 in this despatch) were erected. The Admiralty ordered on the 17th November that these sheds should be abandoned by the Naval Authorities, and I directed that they should be taken over and maintained at the expense of the Colonial Government. The area on which the sheds stand and the open ground in front of them constitute an important part of the complete scheme, which I put forward in paragraphs 12, 14, 15 and 16 below.\n\n6. In formulating the scheme, I have not overlooked the policy outlined in \"Notes on Proposals for Air Base at Hong Kong,\" of which a copy was received from the General Officer Commanding the Troops, China Command, under date the 4th December, 1925. It runs as follows:-\n\n\"It is not considered that any air menace to Hong Kong exists at the present time from China, since the Chinese only possess a few aircraft which could be kept in check by our machines flown off Carriers as soon as such vessels are stationed on the China Station. Should, however, developments of Chinese Air Forces occur, or the present situation in China be materially altered, the Government might deem it necessary, in order to safeguard our interests in China, to establish an Air Base in Hong Kong, in spite of the difficulties and great expense involved.\n\n[14022]\n\nB 3",
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    {
        "id": 505681,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 403,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "The Committee are of opinion, however, that before authority could be given to the Governor of Hong Kong to proceed with the necessary purchase, certain aspects of the proposal require further investigation.\n\n7. In the first place, the Committee, whilst holding the view that the mere purchase of the site in question cannot be held to constitute an infringement of Article 19 of the Washington Treaty, nevertheless feel that a definite expression of opinion should be obtained from the Foreign Office with regard to the legality of the proposal. They accordingly recommend that the Colonial Office should consult the Foreign Office whether exception could be taken to the acquisition of the area in question under Article 19 of the Washington Treaty.\n\n8. Secondly, the Committee observe that the Governor's proposal, that the necessary funds for the purchase of the site should be obtained by means of a loan to be raised locally, was made in February 1926, at a time when it was hoped that the boycott at Canton would not be of long duration. It has been pointed out to the Committee that the prolonged deadlock must necessarily have a serious effect on the financial position of Hong Kong, and accordingly they recommend that the Colonial Office should obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n9. The Committee desire to call attention to the fact that, under the existing laws of the Colony, it is possible to acquire the site in question by compulsion at any time. They recognise, however, that the present time appears to be favourable for purchase, and delay in acquisition now might result in heavier expenditure at a later date.\n\n10. Finally, the Committee submit the following Summary of their conclusions for consideration by the Committee of Imperial Defence :—\n\n(i.) That, from the defence point of view, the acquisition of the Kai Tak reclamation area is desirable, and accordingly recommend that approval in principle should be given to the proposals on that subject made by the Governor of Hong Kong in his despatch dated the 18th February, 1926, which were recommended in the Interim Report by the Joint Staffs (Appendix I), and to which commendation was given by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 36th Meeting.\n\n(ii) That, owing to the continuance of the boycott at Canton and its resultant effect on the financial position of Hong Kong, conditions may have changed since the above-mentioned proposals were put forward, and accordingly recommend that the Colonial Office be requested to obtain further information from the Governor with regard to the financial aspects of the scheme.\n\n(iii) That the Colonial Office be requested to consult the Foreign Office whether exception could be taken to the purchase of the area in question under Article 19 of the Washington Treaty.\n\n(iv.) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be postponed for further investigation by the Sub-Committee on the composition and organisation of local forces when that body deals with the local forces of Hong Kong.\n\n(Signed)\n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W. 1,\n\nAugust 1926.\n\nL. A. CLEMENS, Secretary,\n\nOversea Defence Committee.\n\nC.O.S. 44.\n\nAPPENDIX I.\n\nChiefs of Staff Sub-Committee.\n\nHONG KONG-DEFENCE OF.\n\nInterim Report by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\nThe Joint Staffs Sub-Committee on the Defence of Hong Kong has taken note of the conclusion reached by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee at their 32nd Meeting, held on the 3rd June, 1926, when it was agreed-\n\nTo approve in principle the proposal of the Chief of the Air Staff to take such preliminary steps as may be necessary to acquire ground for an aerodrome at Hong Kong.\n\nThe Sub-Committee has further taken note of Colonial Office letter No. C.7237/26, dated the 15th May, 1926, forwarding despatches by the Governor of Hong Kong, and suggesting that the points raised should be examined, in the first place, by the Joint Staffs Sub-Committee.\n\n2. The proposals put forward were that\n\n(a.) The Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired as an aerodrome site.\n\n(b.) A small local unit for police work should be formed.\n\nAs regards (a), a decision as to whether it is possible and desirable to station regular air forces at Hong Kong in peace time depends on a number of factors which have not yet been fully investigated. In certain eventualities, however, such as might occur during trouble in Canton, the despatch of air forces to Hong Kong, perhaps only as a temporary measure, might be desirable.\n\nTo provide for such a contingency, it is essential that an aerodrome, with facilities for seaplanes as well as for landplanes, should be available. The Kai Tak reclamation area on the Kowloon peninsula is not only the best site, but practically the only suitable site, and if it were built over, the potential use of aircraft for defence in the future would be seriously restricted. In addition, the present time appears to be favourable for purchase, and delay in acquisition now might result in heavier expenditure at a later date.\n\nThere appears to be no possible reason from the Treaty aspect against the acquisition of this aerodrome site. A levelled area of ground cannot be interpreted as an increase in coast defences. It is only when buildings are erected and aircraft actually located on the aerodrome that the question of legality appears to arise.\n\nThe Sub-Committee is therefore of the opinion that the Kai Tak site should be acquired at an early date, and recommends that the Governor of Hong Kong should be given authority to proceed with the necessary purchase.\n\n4. With regard to (b), i.e., the formation of a local police air unit at Hong Kong, it is considered that the proposals put forward will require considerable investigation, and that the question could more appropriately be dealt with by the Local Forces Sub-Committee of the Oversea Defence Committee.\n\nThere does not appear to be any particular urgency for the formation of this unit, and the Sub-Committee therefore recommends that the Governor be informed that the matter is being further investigated.\n\nConclusion.\n\n5. The Sub-Committee recommends :-\n\n(a.) That the Kai Tak reclamation area should be acquired without delay.\n\n(b) That the formation of a local police air unit, being less urgent, should be referred for further investigation.\n\n(Signed)\n\n(Signed)\n\n(Signed)\n\nW. G. S. DOBBIE, Colonel, G.S. (Chairman).\n\nDirectorate of Military Operations and Intelligence, War Office.\n\nWILFRED A. EGERTON, Captain, R.N.,\n\nPlans Division, Admiralty.\n\nB. E. SMYTHIES, Wing-Commander, R.A.F.,\n\nDirectorate of Operations and Intelligence, Air Ministry.\n\n$14922\n\nB 2\n\n395",
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    {
        "id": 505691,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 413,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "405\n\nTo provide for such a contingency, it is essential that an aerodrome, with facilities for seaplanes as well as for landplanes, should be available. The Kai Tak reclamation area on the Kowloon peninsula is not only the best site, but practically the only suitable site, and if it were built over the potential use of aircraft for defence in the future would be seriously restricted. In addition the present time appears to be favourable for purchase, and delay in acquisition now might result in heavier expenditure at a later date.\n\nThere appears to be no possible reason from the Treaty aspect against the acquisition of this aerodrome site. A levelled area of ground cannot be interpreted as an increase in coast defences. It is only when buildings are erected and aircraft actually located on the aerodrome that the question of legality appears to arise.\n\nThe Sub-Committee is therefore of the opinion that the Kai Tak site should be acquired at an early date, and recommends that the Governor of Hong Kong should be given authority to proceed with the necessary purchase.\n\n4.\n\nWith regard to (b), i.e. the formation of a local police air unit at Hong Kong, it is considered that the proposals put forward will require considerable investigation, and that the question should more appropriately be dealt with by the Local Forces Sub-Committee of the Oversea Defence Committee.\n\nThere does not appear to be any particular urgency for the formation of this unit, and the Sub-Committee therefore recommends that the Governor be informed that the matter is being further investigated.\n\n3.",
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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926",
        "page_number": 29,
        "title": "CO129-501-8 General policy in China 30-11-1926 - 30-11-1926",
        "content_text": "# \n30 \n\n+ \n\nwas demanding the immediate punishment of the offenders and an apology, failing which he suggested that retaliatory action should be taken, and he quoted Admiralty telegram of the 11th May, which gives the Commander-in-chief certain discretionary powers. This telegram, or rather series of telegrams (Nos. 812 to 815), was repeated by Commander-in-chief to the Governor, Hong Kong, and the British Minister, on receipt in accordance with Admiralty orders to do so. The Governor, Hong Kong, presumably repeated it to Canton, or else Canton intercepted it.\n\n2. On the 16th May (received the 17th) Rear-Admiral Boyle requested authority to take retaliatory action after consultation with Governor, Hong Kong, should such incidents recur. In reply, Commander-in-chief said he would be prepared to approve of suitable retaliation should an apology not be forthcoming, but no operation was to be embarked upon until the actual proposals had been received and approved by Commander-in-chief.\n\n3. On the 16th May (received the 17th) Consul-General, Canton, said he had seen General Lichaisum and had presented three demands, namely:—\n\n| Demand | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | Adequate punishment to officer in charge of guilty troops and any other persons implicated in the outrage; names and punishments to be communicated to consul-general. |\n| (b) | Compensation for damage (which was slight.) |\n| (c) | Commander of Whampoa Forts to call in person and in uniform on board British man-of-war to apologise. |\n\nThe consul-general proposed to give them a time-limit of five days for complete compliance, failing which he suggested that retaliatory action be taken. He asked that a cruiser be sent to Whampoa or that other dispositions of a menacing nature should be made. He added that there could have been no mistake about the identity of the \"Lungshan,\" as she had passed the spot where she was attacked several times a week for years past.\n\n+1 \n\nAdmiral Boyle was directed to send a suitable ship to Whampoa.\n\n4. On the 17th May Admiral Boyle reported that demands had been presented (as in paragraph 3 above) and that General Lichaisum had asked for three days to consider them, which had been granted. At the expiration (the 19th May) it was proposed to present them again with a short time-limit, and, if refused, he had undertaken to take action.\n\nAdmiral Boyle was informed that no action was to be taken without the Commander-in-chief's consent.\n\n5. On the 17th May the British Minister said that he agreed with the consul-general's first telegram (paragraph 1).\n\n6. On the 18th May Admiral Boyle acknowledged receipt of his orders and reported that \"Dauntless\" had proceeded to Whampoa and that he had already arranged for aeroplanes to visit the locality. He also said that if action had to be taken, and he did not anticipate it would, he recommended taking Bogue and Dane Island Forts.\n\n7. On the 18th May the Governor, Hong Kong, said that at a meeting of the Hong Kong Defence Committee they were unanimously of opinion that if by the 19th May General Lichaisum had not complied with the demands presented to him he should be presented with an ultimatum, the terms being the same as in paragraph 3 with an additional one, i.e., that guarantee should be given against further outrages and suppression of anti-British manifestations. Acceptance should be required within twenty-four hours, failing which, commencing at dawn on the 21st May, the Bogue Forts should be captured, and, as soon as possible after, the Dane Island defences.\n\n8. To the proposals of the Governor, Hong Kong, in paragraph 7 above, the Commander-in-chief replied on the 18th May (actually the time of origin was 0001/19th) that he did not agree with those proposals, as they were not in keeping with Admiralty telegrams Nos. 812 to 815. Also that the punishment proposed was far in excess of the gravity of the offence, and that it was not thought that the British Government would support the proposals. That the Commander-in-chief looked upon the incident as the act of a few undisciplined soldiers, and that he had repeated the Governor's telegram to the Admiralty with comments as above.\n\n9. On the 20th May the Consul-General, Canton, reported that he had repeated his demands and stated that compliance was required by Monday, the 23rd May. He had fixed $200 dollars as the amount of the compensation and considered that the punishment of the officer responsible should consist of imprisonment.\n\nHe also said that he had approved the proposals of the Senior Naval Officer, West River, for the destruction of Matshed barracks and gun positions. (Note.— Prior to this no proposals of the Senior Naval Officer, West River, had reached Commander-in-chief.)\n\nThe consul-general said that he did not agree with the proposals of the Governor, Hong Kong, to capture Bogue and Dane Island defences. The latter contained the military academy, and, in any case, the proposal was out of proportion to the offence, which had caused no material damage.\n\nHe added that such action might become necessary later if the Chinese showed fight, which was unlikely.\n\n10. On the 20th May, the Consul-General, Canton, warned consuls at ports in South China to stand by for repercussions in the event of action being taken.\n\n11. On the 20th May, Admiral Boyle said that, failing approval of his original proposal (see paragraph 6), he thought that if Dane Island was going to be touched the business should be taken seriously, ample force used, and both the island and the mainland batteries put out of action. He stressed that the plan of the Senior Naval Officer, West River, was a pure gamble on the Chinese not resisting, and that there were many objections to it. He thought that indiscriminate bombing and shelling was undesirable, and that the river should be opened entirely by disabling—not necessarily destroying—the batteries, or the first steps towards doing so should be taken, i.e., the occupation of Bogue defences as a sanction, to be held until our own arrangements were made. He thought that to attack Dane Island only, as had been suggested, would not clear the river or safeguard our communications with Shameen. It would be irritating but ineffective.\n\n12. On the 20th May, the Governor, Hong Kong, sent a long telegram to the Secretary of State for the Colonies. He described the incident and stated that about fifty shots were fired. This was the first report of the extent of the firing; he argued that, while the actual shooting might have been the act of undisciplined soldiers, if the Canton Government did not comply with the demands, they then became identified with the outrage and it would no longer be the act of undisciplined soldiers. No shooting at British ships had hitherto taken place on the West River, and he wanted it nipped in the bud. He urged that the best form of sanction would be the capture of Bogue Forts and Dane Island defences, because that would keep open the waterways between Hong Kong and Shameen and give security to our shipping. This would not mean war on China because China no longer existed politically. He also added that the Military Academy on Dane Island was notoriously Bolshevik.\n\nIf this major operation was not approved, then he urged that something must be done in deference to the fact that the consul-general had already presented an ultimatum.\n\nHe said that Admiral Boyle, for technical reasons, did not agree with destroying Matsheds and Gun Positions on Dane Island in the manner proposed by Senior Naval Officer, West River (the manner in which it was proposed to do this was not reported to Commander-in-chief). He thought it should be done from the air. Therefore, the only alternative proposal they could make was incendiary bombs dropped on Matsheds Barracks situated at the spot where the firing took place. (Note.— Other than the mention of Matsheds in Mr. Brenan's telegram of the 20th May (same day as Governor's telegram—see paragraph 9) this was the first intimation that they existed at the spot where the firing took place.)\n\n13. On the 20th May the Commander-in-chief received a telegram from the Consul-General, Canton, dated the 18th May, 10:30 A.M., informing the \"Admiral, Hong Kong,\" that the Minister had approved his proposal regarding Whampoa and asking what date and hour he suggested for the time limit of ultimatum, observing that he should be prepared for action immediately on its expiration, and that the commander of the forts might delay until the last minute before coming to apologise. The consul-general himself suggested 1100 on the 23rd May. He also asked him what retaliatory action he, the Senior Naval Officer, Hong Kong, proposed to take.\n\n14. On the 20th May, at 1135 the Consul-General, Canton, telegraphed at length to the Foreign Office, repeated to everybody, reviewing the situation in the light of Commander-in-chief's telegram to the Admiralty (which he must have intercepted, or else Governor, Hong Kong, passed it to him). He said the position at that moment was that he, acting on the strength of recent Admiralty instructions, and after approval of the Minister and consultation with naval authorities at \n\n# \n31",
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    {
        "id": 509111,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 37,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "## \n\n(f) That in view of the great importance of prompt action represented in the Report of the Chiefs of Staff on the defence of Shanghai (`C.P. 12 (27)`), it was unsafe to base our arrangements on the assumption that the Japanese would provide part of the Division for the defence of Shanghai, and that in consequence the force to be prepared must not be limited, as hitherto proposed, to one mixed brigade and a squadron of aeroplanes. The preparations to be made should provide at first for a force of one brigade from India, one brigade from the Mediterranean, and one brigade from home. The force could be reduced if Japanese co-operation was assured.\n\n(9.) That the India Office should ask the Government of India to make all arrangements, including taking up shipping, for the despatch of a mixed brigade from India, which the Cabinet were informed might be available for action at Shanghai in 30-32 days' time.\n\n(h.) That the President of the Board of Trade, in consultation with the Secretary of State for War, should immediately make arrangements to get ready shipping to take the first British brigade to Shanghai (which the Cabinet were informed would arrive at Shanghai within 40-48 days' time); and for a second British brigade (53–61 days).\n\n(1) That the Secretary of State for War should make preliminary arrangements for the despatch of the two British brigades referred to above as soon as shipping is ready, but, as the Japanese Government might be deterred from co-operation if we were suddenly to announce the despatch of so large a force, he was asked to postpone the issue of final orders for 48 hours. He was also asked to postpone the issue of final notices to Class A reservists for a few days.\n\n(7.) That the First Lord of the Admiralty should make arrangements for the despatch at the earliest possible date (Friday, the 21st January) of 1,000 marines to Shanghai (due in 36-37 days), as well as for the sailing of the first British cruiser squadron from the Mediterranean (1,000 rifles) which should arrive in 24 days.\n\n(k) That the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should instruct Mr. O'Malley to send all the information he could gather as to any movement of the Cantonese forces towards Shanghai.\n\n## Canton-Defence of Shameen\n\n(.) That the above decisions in regard to our general policy and the defence of Shanghai involved a change in the political assumptions on which the Chiefs of Staff Committee had been ordered to make their recent report on the defence of Shameen, and that the Committee of Chiefs of Staff should reassemble on the following day to re-examine the question of the defence of Shameen on the assumption that Shanghai was to be held and that His Majesty's Government were no longer committed to the policy of avoiding hostilities with the military forces at Canton in all circumstances. The Chiefs of Staff were asked to make recommendations for revised instructions to the British Consul-General at Canton, and the Naval and Military authorities at Hong Kong.\n\n## Miscellaneous\n\n(m.) That the Parliamentary Under-Secretary for the Colonies should arrange for officials of the Dominions Department to place themselves in communication with the Permanent Under-Secretary of State, Foreign Office, with a view to supplying to the Dominion Governments full information of the policy of His Majesty's Government and of the reasons for it, alike as regards their endeavour to secure a peaceful settlement on liberal terms and their decision not to be hustled or driven out of Shanghai.\n\n(n.) That the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should make arrangements, through the Press, to prepare public opinion for the measures indicated in these Conclusions. While making clear that there could be no surrender to violence, and that the military dispositions had the object of carrying out the Government's pledge to defend the lives of British subjects in China, emphasis should be laid on the fact that the Government's policy was primarily one of conciliation and a settlement by agreement.\n\nIt will be noted that the employment of gas, referred to in paragraph 8 above, was not considered at this meeting.\n\n* Also `C.J.D. Paper No. 761-B`.\n\n## \n\n10. On the morning of the 18th January, the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee met in accordance with the instruction of the Cabinet (see Conclusion (1) in previous paragraph) to re-examine the question of the defence of Shameen on the assumption that Shanghai was to be held, and that His Majesty's Government were no longer committed to the policy of avoiding hostilities with the military forces at Canton in all circumstances. This meeting was attended by Sir Gilbert Grindle on behalf of the Colonial Office, and Mr. Mounsey on behalf of the Foreign Office, while Rear Admiral A. J. B. Stirling, C.B. (late Commodore at Hong Kong), was also present to advise as to local conditions.\n\n11. As a result of this meeting a further report was drafted, which has been circulated as `C.I.D. Paper No. 762–B`.\n\nThe recommendations of the Sub-Committee are summarised in this report as follows:-\n\n(1.) That the British Consul-General at Canton, the Governor and the naval and military authorities at Hong Kong should receive instructions to the following effect :--\n\n(a.) That the men on the spot should have full discretion to hold the Shameen as long as they consider possible, whether against mob violence or against Cantonese troops, with such forces as can be placed at their disposal from Hong Kong, having regard to conclusion (c) below.\n\n(b.) That arrangements should be made for the evacuation from Shameen of all non-combatants before serious trouble eventuates, the exact time for such evacuation being left to the man on the spot.\n\n(c.) That no further reinforcements can be despatched to Hong Kong for the defence of Shameen, and that one battalion must be held in readiness at Hong Kong to proceed to Shanghai in accordance with present instructions.\n\n(d.) That the use of aircraft, in connection with the defence of Shameen, is permitted, and that, should the situation necessitate it, the shelling of vital points in Canton or of the river defences is permitted.\n\n(2.) That if considerations other than military allow, the Acting Consul-General, Canton, should be authorised, as proposed in his telegram No. 5* of the 13th January, to inform the General-in-Command of the Chinese Forces, Canton, that if Shameen is attacked, we shall take such steps as we may think fit, but that the actual nature of such steps should not be specified. Also that discretion should be given to him to arrange for a demonstration over Canton by as many aircraft as can be made available at the moment that this communication is being conveyed to the Chinese General.\n\n(3.) That if Shameen is attacked, a blockade of Canton and the bombing and shelling of vital points (such as magazines, military establishments, &c.) are among the counter-measures which should be permitted.\n\n(4.) That immediate authority should be given to the Governor and Naval authorities at Hong Kong for the use of the Kowloon Aerodrome.\n\n## \n\n12. This report was considered at a special meeting at 10, Downing Street, at 5 P.M. on the 19th January under the presidency of the Prime Minister. The minutes of this Meeting are attached as an annexure to this Memorandum.\n\n13. In regard to the report of the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee (`C.I.D. Paper No. 762-B`) on the defence of Shameen it was agreed:\n\n(a) To approve the Report of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff (`C.I.D Paper No. 762–B`).\n\n(b.) That the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should telegraph instructions, based on the conclusions of the Report, to the Acting Consul-General, Canton, which should be repeated to the Governor of Hong Kong.\n\n(c.) That the Secretary of State for War should authorise the Chief of the Imperial General Staff to send a supplementary telegram to the General Officer Commanding at Hong Kong, based on the reference in the last part of paragraph of the Report to the fact that we cannot expect to hold out indefinitely against serious attack by the Cantonese troops.\n\n* Printed as Appendix II to `C.I.D. Paper No. 759–B`.\n\n40",
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    {
        "id": 509237,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 162,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "## Present Defences\n\n5. The whole of the canal front at Shameen, including the two bridges, is at present protected by barbed wire along its whole length, and the French have two field guns in their concession.\n\nThere are five British gunboats now stationed at Shameen. Three of these are the Insect class (each carrying two 6-inch guns and one 3-inch gun). The remaining two are the *Moorhen* and *Robin*, ships of a smaller class, drawing only two feet of water. The speed of the latter is between seven and eight knots.\n\n## Routes of Evacuation\n\n6. The main communication between Hong Kong and Canton is by the Canton River. This is heavily fortified, and divided for defence into three sections. The Lower Section comprises Sha-Kek, Tai-Kok-Tao, and Pon-chao. The Centre Section comprises A-neung hoi, Sheng-wang-t'ong, and Fa-wang-tong. The Upper Section comprises Danes Island, Yu-chu, and Sha-lou. The number of guns is:\n\n| Section | 24 cm | 21 cm | 15 cm | 13 cm | Other |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lower Section | 6 | 13 | 2 | 3 | 10 |\n| Centre Section |  |  |  |  | 23 |\n| Upper Section | 5 | 6 | 6 |  |  |\n\nThe armament is known to be very antiquated, and we have no information as to the amount of ammunition that may be available or as to the proficiency of the gun crews. We know, however, that in August last the forts on Danes Island carried out some target practice, and we have reason to believe that last year the Canton Government were trying to obtain ammunition and contact mines, in addition to aircraft, from abroad. Even if the crews are comparatively untrained and the ammunition is limited, the forts must constitute a certain menace to passing ships in view of the narrowness of the river.\n\nAs already stated in our previous report (`Paper No. C.O.S. 60`), communication is possible at any time of the year with Shameen by routes (such as Moneypenny Creek) which avoid the defended channel.\n\nWe are informed that the three gunboats of the Insect class draw too much water to be able to negotiate these alternative routes at the present time of the year. Special arrangements would, therefore, be necessary for their early withdrawal by the main channel. The smaller gunboats and sampans, which would have to be used in finally evacuating the concession, would have no navigational difficulty in negotiating these creeks. These routes, however, are narrow in some parts and pass through a densely populated district, though in the past the inhabitants have been well disposed towards us. All risk of interference with the final evacuation of the concession cannot, therefore, be precluded. We feel bound to warn the Committee of Imperial Defence of this risk.\n\n## Possibility of Defending the Concession\n\n7. Rear-Admiral Stirling confirmed the views of the local authorities at Hong Kong, which we accepted in our last report, that it should be possible to defend Shameen against the mob with the naval and military resources available at Hong Kong, but he suggested the advisability not only of withdrawing Europeans now residing outside the concession to the Island of Shameen, but also of evacuating all non-combatants at an early stage. He informed us that such persons could be evacuated down the main stream to a point clear of danger from the shore within five hours. We concur in this view, and consider that the man on the spot should be left to decide when indications of impending mob violence render evacuation of non-combatants advisable.\n\nThe evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling also confirmed our previously expressed view that we cannot expect, with or without the co-operation of the French, to hold out indefinitely against serious attack by the Cantonese troops with the forces likely to be available for the defence of Shameen. It has, however, inclined us to the opinion that offensive action by aircraft, or even the threat of it, which we deal with in more detail below, might well have the result of preventing organised attack on the concessions.\n\n## Bombing and Blockade of Canton\n\n8. In our previous Report we stated that, in our opinion, the threat which the Acting Consul-General, Canton, proposed to make to the local Chinese General, if translated into action, would be calculated to precipitate hostilities and might hasten the crisis at Shanghai. The latest decision of His Majesty's Government, quoted in paragraph 1 of this Report, alters the position.\n\n9. We were particularly impressed by the evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling on the susceptibility of the Chinese to threats, particularly if these are backed up by evidence of strength. To illustrate this he informed us that in August last certain strike pickets holding British wharves at Canton were told that, if they did not evacuate them at once, we would sink their strike picket boats. The next morning it was found that the pickets had gone, the picket boats had been removed to a point some 10 miles down the river, an enclosure had been roped in round the wharves, and police were stationed to keep the strike pickets out. Since then neither the pickets nor the boats have returned.\n\n10. Rear-Admiral Stirling held the view that the threat to bomb or shell vital points in Canton, and finally to blockade the city, particularly if followed at once by some demonstration of force (e.g., the appearance of aircraft), would have a considerable deterrent effect on the Cantonese, and that the effect of actual bombing or shelling would in all probability be enormous. He also suggested action by aircraft to cover an evacuation if and when this should prove necessary.\n\n11. In view of this decided expression of opinion by an officer possessing considerable local knowledge, we are now disposed to agree to a threat being conveyed by the Consul-General to the Chinese General in Command of the forces at Canton. We suggest, however, that the threat should be couched in vague though decided terms, no actual mention being made of bombing by aircraft or shelling. In order that the greatest possible effect should be derived from the conveyance of this threat to the Chinese, we recommend that discretion should be given to the Acting Consul-General in concert with the Commodore at Hong Kong to arrange for a demonstration over Canton of as many British aircraft as possible at the moment that the communication is being made.\n\n12. In the opinion of Rear-Admiral Stirling a blockade of Canton would have a considerable effect on the Cantonese Government. We therefore recommend that a blockade should be included in the measures to be approved if an attack on Shameen takes place. In this connection we note from a recent telegram that the French are also prepared to undertake such a measure.\n\n## Use of Aircraft\n\n13. The naval aircraft at present available at Hong Kong can reach Canton, but the range and carrying capacity will be considerably curtailed if the use of a land aerodrome is not permitted.\n\nHitherto, aircraft has not been permitted to operate from the Kowloon Aerodrome, which is ready for use, in view of possible objections that might be taken by other signatories to the Washington Agreement. We would suggest, however, that as the use of aircraft is now contemplated only against the Chinese and not in connection with the coast defences, this restriction should be removed. The amount of air pressure that could be brought to bear on Canton would be greatly increased if some of the aircraft at present provided with floats were refitted with land under-carriages.\n\n177",
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    {
        "id": 509238,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 163,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "# 178\n\n\n4 \n\nWe have never admitted that the use of the Kowloon Aerodrome is prohibited, in so far as operations against the Chinese are concerned, by the Washington Agreement, and we ask that this will be borne in mind by the Foreign Office.\n\nWe would also point out that any diffidence regarding the use of an aerodrome situated in our own territories at Hong Kong is hardly compatible with the organisation of measures for the use of an aerodrome in Chinese territory at Shanghai.\n\n## 14. \nThe situation which confronts us at Canton involves risks, whatever course is adopted. We do not conceal from the Committee of Imperial Defence that a policy of tenacious resistance involves risks both locally, owing to the exposed position of Shameen and the nature of the line of withdrawal, as well as from the point of view of possibly precipitating events elsewhere in China, and particularly at Shanghai, but on balance we believe that the course we recommend is the best.\n\n## 15. \nIn conclusion, therefore, we summarise our recommendations as follows:-\n(1.) That the British Consul-General at Canton, the Governor and the naval and military authorities at Hong Kong should receive instructions to the following effect :-\n\n(a.) That the men on the spot should have full discretion to hold the Shameen as long as they consider possible, whether against mob violence or against Cantonese troops, with such forces as can be placed at their disposal from Hong Kong, having regard to conclusion (c) below.\n\n(b.) That arrangements should be made for the evacuation from Shameen of all non-combatants before serious trouble eventuates, the exact time for such evacuation being left to the man on the spot. \n(c.) That no further reinforcements can be despatched to Hong Kong for the defence of Shameen, and that one battalion must be held in readiness at Hong Kong to proceed to Shanghai in accordance with present instructions.\n\n(d.) That the use of aircraft, in connection with the defence of Shameen, is permitted and that, should the situation necessitate it, the shelling of vital points in Canton or of the river defences is permitted.\n\n(2.) That if considerations other than military allow, the Acting Consul-General, Canton, should be authorised as proposed in his telegram No. 5 of the 13th January, to inform the General in Command of the Chinese Forces, Canton, that if Shameen is attacked, we shall take such steps as we may think fit, but that the actual nature of such steps should not be specified. Also that discretion should be given to him to arrange for a demonstration over Canton by as many aircraft as can be made available at the moment that this communication is being conveyed to the Chinese General. \n(3.) That if Shameen is attacked, a blockade of Canton and the bombing and shelling of vital points (such as magazines, military establishments, &c.) are among the counter-measures which should be permitted.\n\n(4.) That immediate authority should be given to the Governor and Naval authorities at Hong Kong for the use of the Kowloon Aerodrome.\n\n**(Signed)**\n\n**BEATTY.**  \n**H. TRENCHARD.**  \n**G. F. MILNE.**  \n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W. 1, January 18, 1927.",
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    {
        "id": 509240,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "# \n2 \n\nOf the enclosed area four-fifths at the western end has been appropriated to the British Government, and one-fifth at the eastern end to that of France. \n\nBesides the Consular offices, there is a church, library, reading rooms, &c. The estimated foreign population of Canton is 700, most of whom reside in Shameen. There are about 150 British subjects resident in Shameen and about 83 living outside, distributed in the city of Canton and suburbs on both sides of the river. The two stone bridges referred to above are still standing. The canal is very muddy, usually contains three or four feet of water, and is not considered to be easily fordable. Usually, however, it is full of sampans and other craft. We are informed by the late Commodore, Hong Kong, that the canal can be easily cleared, and that replacement of the craft can be prevented by stationing gunboats so as to enfilade the waterway and the buildings bordering on it.\n\n## Present Defences \n\n5. The whole of the canal front at Shameen, including the two bridges, is at present protected by barbed wire along its whole length, and the French have two field guns in their concession.\n\nThere are five British gunboats now stationed at Shameen. Three of these are the Insect class (each carrying two 6-inch guns and one 3-inch gun). The remaining two are the Moorhen and Robin, ships of a smaller class, drawing only two feet of water. The speed of the latter is between seven and eight knots.\n\n## Routes of Evacuation \n\n6. The main communication between Hong Kong and Canton is by the Canton River. This is heavily fortified, and divided for defence into three sections. The Lower Section comprises Sha-Kek, Tai-Kok-Tao and Pou-chao. The Centre Section comprises A-neung-hoi, Sheng-wang-t'ong and Ha-wang-tong. \n\nThe Upper Section comprises Danes Island, Yu-chu and Sha-lou. The number of guns is: \n| Section | 24 cm | 21 cm | 15 cm | 13.8 cm | 10 cm |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Lower Section |  | 13 |  | 10 | 23 |\n| Centre Section |  |  | 5 | 6 | 6 |\n| Upper Section |  |  |  |  |  |\n\nThe armament is known to be very antiquated, and we have no information as to the amount of ammunition that may be available or as to the proficiency of the gun crews. We know, however, that in August last the forts on Danes Island carried out some target practice, and we have reason to believe that last year the Canton Government were trying to obtain ammunition and contact mines, in addition to aircraft, from abroad. Even if the crews are comparatively untrained and the ammunition is limited, the forts must constitute a certain menace to passing ships in view of the narrowness of the river.\n\nAs already stated in our previous report (`Paper No. C.O.S. 60`), communication is possible at any time of the year with Shameen by routes (such as Moneypenny Creek) which avoid the defended channel.\n\n33 \n\nWe are informed that the three gunboats of the **Insect class** draw too much water to be able to negotiate these alternative routes at the present time of the year. Special arrangements would, therefore, be necessary for their early withdrawal by the main channel. The smaller gunboats and sampans, which would have to be used in finally evacuating the concession, would have no navigational difficulty in negotiating these creeks. These routes, however, are narrow in some parts and pass through a densely populated district, though in the past the inhabitants have been well disposed towards us. All risk of interference with the final evacuation of the concession cannot, therefore, be precluded. We feel bound to warn the Committee of Imperial Defence of this risk.\n\n## Possibility of Defending the Concession \n\n7. Rear-Admiral Stirling confirmed the views of the local authorities at Hong Kong, which we accepted in our last report, that it should be possible to defend Shameen against the mob with the naval and military resources available at Hong Kong, but he suggested the advisability not only of withdrawing Europeans now residing outside the concession to the Island of Shameen, but also of evacuating all non-combatants at an early stage. He informed us that such persons could be evacuated down the main stream to a point clear of danger from the shore within five hours. We concur in this view, and consider that the man on the spot should be left to decide when indications of impending mob violence render evacuation of non-combatants advisable.\n\nThe evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling also confirmed our previously expressed view that we cannot expect, with or without the co-operation of the French, to hold out indefinitely against serious attack by the Cantonese troops with the forces likely to be available for the defence of Shameen. It has, however, inclined us to the opinion that offensive action by aircraft, or even the threat of it, which we deal with in more detail below, might well have the result of preventing organised attack on the concessions.\n\n## Bombing and Blockade of Canton \n\n8. In our previous Report we stated that, in our opinion, the threat which the Acting Consul-General, Canton, proposed to make to the local Chinese General, if translated into action, would be calculated to precipitate hostilities and might hasten the crisis at Shanghai. The latest decision of His Majesty's Government, quoted in paragraph 1 of this Report, alters the position.\n\n9. We were particularly impressed by the evidence of Rear-Admiral Stirling on the susceptibility of the Chinese to threats, particularly if these are backed up by evidence of strength. To illustrate this he informed us that in August last certain strike pickets holding British wharves at Canton were told that, if they did not evacuate them at once, we would sink their strike picket boats. The next morning it was found that the pickets had gone, the picket boats had been removed to a point some 10 miles down the river, an enclosure had been roped in round the wharves and police were stationed to keep the strike pickets out. Since then neither the pickets nor the boats have returned.\n\n10. Rear-Admiral Stirling held the view that the threat to bomb or shell vital points in Canton, and finally to blockade the city, particularly if followed at once by some demonstration of force (e.g., the appearance of aircraft), would have a considerable deterrent effect on the Cantonese, and that the effect of actual bombing or shelling would in all probability be enormous. He also suggested action by aircraft to cover an evacuation if and when this should prove necessary.\n\n11. In view of this decided expression of opinion by an officer possessing considerable local knowledge, we are now disposed to agree to a threat being conveyed by the Consul-General to the Chinese General in Command of the forces at Canton. We suggest, however, that the threat should be couched in vague though decided terms, no actual mention being made of bombing by aircraft or shelling. In order that the greatest possible effect should be derived from the conveyance of this threat to the Chinese, we recommend that discretion should be given to the Acting Consul-General in concert with the Commodore at Hong Kong to arrange for a demonstration over Canton of as many British aircraft as possible at the moment that the communication is being made.\n\n12. In the opinion of Rear-Admiral Stirling a blockade of Canton would have a considerable effect on the Cantonese Government. We therefore recommend that a blockade should be included in the measures to be approved if an attack on Shameen takes place. In this connection we note from a recent telegram that the French are also prepared to undertake such a measure.\n\n## Use of Aircraft \n\n13. The naval aircraft at present available at Hong Kong can reach Canton, but the range and carrying capacity will be considerably curtailed if the use of a land aerodrome is not permitted.\n\nHitherto, aircraft has not been permitted to operate from the Kowloon Aerodrome, which is ready for use, in view of possible objections that might be taken by other signatories to the Washington Agreement. We would suggest, however, that as the use of aircraft is now contemplated only against the Chinese and not in connection with the coast defences, this restriction should be removed. The amount of air pressure that could be brought to bear on Canton would be greatly increased if some of the aircraft at present provided with floats were refitted with land under-carriages.\n\n181",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927",
        "content_text": "182\n\nWe have never admitted that the use of the Kowloon Aerodrome is prohibited, in so far as operations against the Chinese are concerned, by the Washington Agreement, and we ask that this will be borne in mind by the Foreign Office.\n\nWe would also point out that any diffidence regarding the use of an aerodrome situated in our own territories at Hong Kong is hardly compatible with the organisation of measures for the use of an aerodrome in Chinese territory at Shanghai.\n\n14.\n\nThe situation which confronts us at Canton involves risks, whatever course is adopted. We do not conceal from the Committee of Imperial Defence that a policy of tenacious resistance involves risks both locally, owing to the exposed position of Shameen and the nature of the line of withdrawal, as well as from the point of view of possibly precipitating events elsewhere in China, and particularly at Shanghai, but on balance we believe that the course we recommend is the best.\n\n15. In conclusion, therefore, we summarise our recommendations as follows:-\n(1.) That the British Consul-General at Canton, the Governor and the naval and military authorities at Hong Kong should receive instructions to the following effect :-\n\n| (a.) | That the men on the spot should have full discretion to hold the Shameen as long as they consider possible, whether against mob violence or against Cantonese troops, with such forces as can be placed at their disposal from Hong Kong, having regard to conclusion (c) below. |\n| (b.) | That arrangements should be made for the evacuation from Shameen of all non-combatants before serious trouble eventuates, the exact time for such evacuation being left to the man on the spot. |\n| (c.) | That no further reinforcements can be despatched to Hong Kong for the defence of Shameen, and that one battalion must be held in readiness at Hong Kong to proceed to Shanghai in accordance with present instructions. |\n| (d.) | That the use of aircraft, in connection with the defence of Shameen is permitted and that, should the situation necessitate it, the shelling of vital points in Canton or of the river defences is permitted. |\n\n(2.) That if considerations other than military allow, the Acting Consul-General, Canton, should be authorised as proposed in his telegram No. 5 of the 13th January, to inform the General in Command of the Chinese Forces, Canton, that if Shameen is attacked, we shall take such steps as we may think fit, but that the actual nature of such steps should not be specified. Also that discretion should be given to him to arrange for a demonstration over Canton by as many aircraft as can be made available at the moment that this communication is being conveyed to the Chinese General.\n\n(3.) That if Shameen is attacked, a blockade of Canton and the bombing and shelling of vital points (such as magazines, military establishments, &c.) are among the counter-measures which should be permitted.\n\n(4.) That immediate authority should be given to the Governor and Naval authorities at Hong Kong for the use of the Kowloon Aerodrome.\n\n(Signed)\n**BEATTY.**\n**H. TRENCHARD.**\n**G. F. MILNE.**\n\n2, Whitehall Gardens, S.W.1, January 18, 1927.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-502-6 China- general situation 7-1-1927 - 3-3-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 509413,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-502-7 China- general situation 4-3-1927 - 26-4-1927",
        "page_number": 104,
        "title": "CO129-502-7 China- general situation 4-3-1927 - 26-4-1927",
        "content_text": "## 115 \n## 37 \n\n**CHINA**\n\n(Previous Reference: Cabinet 21(27), Conclusion 3.)\n\n**EXTRACT FROM CONCLUSIONS OF A MEETING OF THE CABINET HELD ON** \nFriday, April 1st, 1927.\n\nThe Cabinet had before them a Memorandum by the Chancellor of the Exchequer (`C.P.-111(27)`) and a preliminary Report by the Committee of Chiefs of Staff (`C.P.-113(27)`) (Appendix) on Admiral Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt's comments on the proposals in the previous Report of the Chiefs of Staff (`C.P.-110(27)`). On the major question, however, of reprisals for the Nanking outrages, the Chiefs of Staff had reserved their opinion pending the receipt of further information from the Naval Commander-in-Chief.\n\nThe Chief of the Naval Staff and the Director of Military Operations and Intelligence (representing the Chief of the Imperial General Staff, who was absent on duty) made certain statements in amplification of the Report of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff. Among other points, Lord Beatty informed the Cabinet that the Admiralty had sent a telegram to the Naval Commander-in-Chief enquiring as to the value of the Chinese arsenals at Shanghai and Hankow to the Cantonese forces. He gave some particulars as regards the position and vulnerability of these arsenals. Lord Beatty also informed the Cabinet that at Nanking, where there are some guns mounted to command the river, the Naval Commander-in-Chief might be unable to interrupt the passage of troops, but that at Hankow, where the defences are negligible, and at other points on the river, it should be possible to interrupt",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-502-7 China- general situation 4-3-1927 - 26-4-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 509681,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-502-8 China- general situation 27-4-1927 - 15-9-1927",
        "page_number": 184,
        "title": "CO129-502-8 China- general situation 27-4-1927 - 15-9-1927",
        "content_text": "## 192\n\n2\n\n(5.) If His Majesty's Government wish to put pressure on the Cantonese Government, the following measures are available to them:-\n\n(a.) If compelled to act alone.—Interruption of the passage of troops across the Yangtse at the railway centres at Hankow and Nanking and elsewhere below Hankow; interruption of purely Chinese traffic on the Yangtse; seizure of the Cantonese fleet; and (if the consent of the Powers can be obtained) a blockade of the Yangtse and of the approaches to Canton. (This is subject to a favourable reply from the Naval Commander-in-Chief regarding the strength of the defences of the Yangtse at Kiangyin.)\n\n(b.) If acting with other Powers.—The above, supplemented by a complete blockade and the control of all river traffic on the Yangtse.\n\n(6.) The attack of the Bogue Fort covering the approaches to Canton is not at present recommended, as it would involve the use of troops now at Hong Kong, but forming part of the Shanghai Defence Force.\n\n(7.) Any new commitment of our land forces in China should be avoided at this juncture.\n\n(8.) The risk of trouble at Tientsin and Peking should be reduced by the measures proposed above. We do not at present recommend an increase in the British garrison at Tientsin, notwithstanding Sir Miles Lampson's request for an additional Battalion (`Peking Telegram No. 542`). We consider that the Japanese should be mainly responsible for the protection of British interests there. The British Minister should withdraw the Legation and British interests from Peking, if threatened by forces beyond the power of the Legation guards to resist.\n\n(9.) Broadly we recommend that the British should be the predominant partner on the Yangtse and in South China, and the Japanese in North China, the available forces of all co-operating Powers being placed at the disposal of the predominant partner.\n\n(10.) At the present juncture we wish to repeat and emphasise the insistence we laid in previous Reports on the importance of international as opposed to separate British action in China, if by any means effective co-operation can be organised.\n\n5. The Cabinet considered this Report at its meeting held on the 30th March (`Cabinet 20(27), Conclusion 2`), and reached the following Conclusions:-\n\n\"(a.) To approve generally the Conclusions of the Committee of Chiefs of Staff (`Paper C.P. 110(27)`).\n\n(b.) That the First Lord of the Admiralty should send a telegram to the Naval Commander-in-Chief, for communication also to the General Officer Commanding the Shanghai Defence Force, and to be repeated by the Naval Commander-in-Chief to Sir Miles Lampson, containing a summary of the Report of the Chiefs of Staff Committee and the Conclusions in full (`Paper C.P. 110(27)`) and inviting Admiral Sir Reginald Tyrwhitt's views on the feasibility of the plans proposed as a means for putting pressure upon the Cantonese Government.\n\n(c.) That, provided the Commander-in-Chief concurred, the Secretary of State should take such steps as might be necessary at Peking and the other capitals to secure the co-operation in these measures of the five Powers.\n\n(d.) That if the Powers are unwilling to join in appropriate sanctions, the question of the action to be taken should be brought before the Cabinet for a fresh decision.\n\n(e.) That, as regards Tientsin, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should inform Sir Miles Lampson of the objections of the Chiefs of Staff to his proposal in telegram `No. 542` that an additional battalion should be sent, and should take up with the Japanese Government the whole position in regard to the security of Peking and Tientsin.\n\n(f.) That, as regards the British nationals in the Upper Yangtse, the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs should send a telegram to the British...\n\n* Also `C.I.D. Paper No. 784-B`.\n\n↑ (Admiral of the Fleet Earl Beatty, who was consulted by the Secretary about this on the telephone, concurred in the desirability of this action)",
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    },
    {
        "id": 509697,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-502-8 China- general situation 27-4-1927 - 15-9-1927",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-502-8 China- general situation 27-4-1927 - 15-9-1927",
        "content_text": "## (11) The Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee, after a careful examination, have reported (in Paper `C.P.138(27)`) that they cannot guarantee that communication with Hankow can be kept open during the period of low water on the river (December to March 26th).\n\n(iii) The Naval Commander-in-Chief has reported (Telegram No.`1015`) in favour of protecting the bulk of British property outside the Concession, which is more than ten times as valuable as that within the Concession. This involves a much larger force and a greater Commitment, and is opposed by the Chiefs of Staff Sub-Committee on military grounds. The Commander-in-Chief's telegram No.`1019`, of April 28th, though sent to the British Minister at Peking to advocate the re-occupation of the Concession, was quoted as setting forth some of the risks of the operation :- \n\n\"Every day we wait defences of Yangtse are being improved and added to. It is clearly another case of the Dardanelles, and if we do not strike at once our difficulties are going to be intensified. I know it is a gamble, but no gamble has ever been won by shilly-shallying, etc.\" \n\n(iv) The United States Government is definitely unwilling to participate in a second Note to the Nationalist Government or in sanctions. A second Note, signed by only four Powers, would accentuate the abstention of the United States.\n\nPage 208 \nPage 200 \nPage 201",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-502-8 China- general situation 27-4-1927 - 15-9-1927.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 522680,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930",
        "content_text": "201\n\nwhich are at present all that is paid by the firms.\n\n29.\n\nAttention is invited to remarks in paragraph 8(a) which are considered of first importance when dealing with Indian guards and to those in paragraph 38 which should apply no matter what guards are carried.\n\n30.\n\nPart III. Measures which it is considered that firms should be compelled to take when protected by Government Armed Forces.\n\nHaving dealt with the claims of the firms the other side of the question will now be considered. As it stands now the arrangement is entirely one-sided.\n\n31.\n\nBy placing a Military guard on board a ship the Government assumes responsibility for her defence but has little control over contributing factors. These are:\n\n(a) Grilles.\n\n(b) Organisation of ship's officers and men against piracy.\n\n(c) Control of passengers.\n\n(d) Control of sailings.\n\n32.\n\nWhen Military guards were first instituted a proposal was put forward that the Anti-Piracy Committee should have the power to withhold guard should the firms not comply with reasonable recommendations for the internal safety of their ships. The need of this is very noticeable when the present situation is examined.\n\n33.\n\n\"(a) Grilles\".\n\nVery little has been done by firms to improve their defences. For instance, Military guards have had to use",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 522689,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-521-2 Piracy in Chinese waters- anti-piracy measures 9-1-1930 - 10-4-1930",
        "content_text": "2/0 \n\nEnclosure 4(a) to China letter \n\ndated 29th November 1929, No.1791/01034 \n\nCOMMENTS BY MESSRS. BUTTERFIELD & SWIRE (CHINA NAVIGATION COMPANY, LIMITED) ON THE RECOMMENDATIONS MADE BY THE COMMITTEE OF IMPERIAL DEFENCE AND ALSO THOSE OF THE ANTI-PIRACY COMMITTEE, HONGKONG. \n\n1. Increase in European personnel is of doubtful value unless such increase is substantial, otherwise it would not materially improve the defence of the ship. Suitable men of the petty officer type are not available on the China coast, and to obtain an adequate provision of such men would probably entail recruiting in England, passages out, leave, etc. The appointment of an Anti-Piracy Supervisor, in our opinion, would not prove of value, and the suggestion pre-supposes the carrying of guards of a type probably unsatisfactory; this is dealt with below. It is improbable that an adequate supply of men could be found on the China coast, suitable for such a position which would not be likely to attract men of good stamp, being a blind alley job with no prospects and possibly one of considerable danger. When Indian guards were carried on our steamers, the Masters and ships' officers were quite able to do all that was required in the way of supervision, and to have a special man, as suggested, for anti-piracy supervision, would not give him a full-time job and accordingly would tend to have a demoralising effect upon anyone in that capacity. In regard to extra officers, an agreement has recently been reached at home whereby British ships of 2750 tons gross shall carry three certificated navigating officers and the China Navigation Company's coasting steamers have for some years had this in effect. \n\nIn addition to the foregoing comments, a still more important and probably decisive factor in regard to personnel is one of expense. It must not be forgotten that British steamers on the China coast have to compete for a living with those of other nationalities carrying fewer men at lower rates of pay. \n\nInstead of increasing the European personnel on British steamers, indications are that the tendency in future will be towards a reduction in the numbers, if British shipping is to continue to exist in China. Obviously, it is of no use having anti-piracy measures that are likely to kill British trading altogether. \n\n2. A number of our steamers still have the grilled defences made compulsory by the Hongkong Piracy Ordinance 1914 (since repealed) and others have barbed wire protection when Military guards are carried, but it is doubtful whether the British Board of Trade would sanction any system of grilling which would interfere in any way with the free access to the lifeboats. In considering this point, it should be borne in mind that ships on the China coast and rivers are of comparatively small size and their type of construction is such that any system of grilling must interfere with free access to boats. \n\nIn regard to the danger of grilles, mention might be made of the \"Leung Kwong\" sinking on 9th May 1927, when lives were said to have been lost in consequence of the anti-piracy grilles on board. \n\nBritish \n\nPage 200\n\nPage 201",
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    },
    {
        "id": 522997,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931",
        "page_number": 146,
        "title": "CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931",
        "content_text": "166\n\n14\n\n# Appendix I.\n\nCopy of letter dated 7th December 1926 from Secretary, Sunning Piracy Commission to the H.K. General Chamber of Commerce, the Chinese General Chamber of Commerce, the China Coast Officers' Guild, and the Marine Engineers' Guild of China, Messrs. Jardine Matheson & Co., Ltd., Messrs. Butterfield & Swire, Messrs. Douglas Lapraik & Co., Ltd., the Hong Kong Canton & Macao Steamboat Co., Ltd., and the Chinese shipowners in Hong Kong.\n\nGentlemen,\n\nCOLONIAL SECRETARY'S OFFICE,\n\nHONG KONG, 7th December, 1926.\n\n15\n\n-\n\nI have the honour to enclose a copy of the Report herewith.\n\nMr. T. N. CHAU.\n\nI am, Sir, Your obedient servant,\n\n(Sd.)\n\nIP LAN-CHUEN,\n\nSecretary,\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nI am directed by the Commissioners appointed by His Excellency the Governor on 2nd December, 1926, for the purpose of conducting an enquiry into Anti Piracy measures to request you to be good enough to furnish them with your views on the Piracy Prevention Ordinance Regulations at present in force.\n\n+\n\n2. Whilst inviting criticism of these Regulations the Commissioners particularly desire to receive any suggestions which you may wish to put forward for the improvement of existing conditions, whether such suggestions are directly connected with the Regulations or not.\n\n3. It would be convenient if in your reply you would be so good as to nominate a witness or witnesses who would elaborate it orally as may be required.\n\n4. I am to request the favour of a reply at the earliest possible date.\n\n5. A copy of the Piracy Prevention Ordinance Regulations is enclosed herewith.\n\nI am, etc.\n\nA. G. GRANTHAM,\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 8, QUEEN'S ROAD, WEST,\n\nHONG KONG, 24th January, 1927.\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 13th December 1926 and to inform you that in response to your request, a meeting of the Chinese ship owners in the colony was duly convened for the purpose of considering the subject matter of your letter under reply.\n\nThe meeting expresses its entire agreement with the \"Minority Report\" of the Piracy Regulations Committee a copy of which I have the honour to forward herewith, and urges that strong representations be made to the Government to institute a system of patrols at the earliest possible date.\n\nA. G. GRANTHAM, Esq.,\n\nSecretary,\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nI am, Sir, Your obedient servant, (sd.)\n\nCHAU TSUN NIN.\n\nCHINESE GENERAL CHAMBER OF COMMERCE\n\nSecretary.\n\nTHE HONG KONG CANTON & MACAO STEAMBOAT CO. LIMITED.\n\nHONG KONG, 31st January, 1927.\n\nHONG KONG, 11th January, 1927.\n\nA. G. GRANTHAM, Esq.,\n\nSir,\n\nSecretary,\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nSir,\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nI have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 7th December, 1926, inviting this Chamber's criticisms on the Piracy Prevention Regulations at present in force, and I am directed to state that whilst appreciating the opportunities thus afforded, my Committee do not consider it necessary to go again into the question which has been so fully dealt with by representatives of this Chamber on the Piracy Regulations Committee in their Minority Report to the Government in 1925.\n\nSunning Piracy Commission.\n\nWith reference to your letter of 7th Ultimo I now give you below my views on the Piracy Prevention Ordinance Regulations as requested.\n\n(1) The Regulations as at present framed and obeyed by local steamers leave nothing which can be added as regards internal defences. Most steamers, particularly steamers of the river and short coast trip type trading from Hong Kong, being in fact more heavily grilled than is fully compatible with the safety of the ship in case of fire etc., and also as in respect of the Board of Trade Regulations.\n\n167",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-521-4 Piracy in Chinese waters- China Navigation Company Ltd- H.M. Attorney General; responsibility of British Government... 24-6-1930 - 23-4-1931.txt",
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    {
        "id": 531642,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "page_number": 134,
        "title": "CO129-536-1 Estimates- 1932 3-9-1931 - 16-6-1933",
        "content_text": "CATHAY HOTEL, Shanghai\n\nCABLE ADDR \"CATHOTEL\"\n\nE. CARRARD,\n\nGeneral Manager\n\n← NEWEST AND MOST\n\nMODERN HOTEL\n\nIN CHINA\n\n250 ROOMS AND SUITES EACH WITH PRIVATE BATHROOM\n\nCLASSICAL CONCERT\n\nIN THE\n\nGROUND FLOOR LOUNGE\n\n(EVERY MORNING & AFTERNOON)\n\nMR. J. ULLSTEIN'S\n\nCONCERT ORCHESTRA\n\n\"DINER DANSANT\" EVERY EVENING\n\nIN THE\n\nBALL ROOM\n\n(8TH FLOOR)\n\nHENRY NATHAN'S\n\nDANCE ORCHESTRA\n\nWITH ADDED\n\nENTERTAINMENT PROGRAMME\n\nGRILL ROOM\n\n(9TH FLOOR)\n\nAN IDEAL RENDEZVOUS\n\nFOR\n\nLUNCHEON AND DINNER\n\nTeeth like pearls\n\nHER perfect teeth are indeed a precious\n\npossession. They mean so much to her-\n\nin appearance-in freedom from dental troubles-- in health both now and in the years to come.\n\nAnd she owes her strong, healthy teeth very largely to \"Ovaltine\" Rusks. When the first tiny teeth were coming through Mother gave her \"Ovaltine\" Rusks to chew. The exercise given to the baby jaws and teeth made possible the forma-tion of a flawless second set.\n\n\"Ovaltine\" Rusks are delightfully crisp, yet break up easily in the mouth. They are made of pure, unbleached wheat flour. The addition of \"Ovaltine\" makes them delicious in taste, easy to digest and most nutritious.\n\nREISS, MASSEY & CO., LTD. Agents for\n\n'OVALTINE\n\nPusks\n\nPRETISING D CLSTIVE/\n\nNOUR SHING\n\nenentore\n\n(Regd.)\n\nA.P.B. 64\n\nTHE PIONEER and WORLD-FAMED\n\nCOLOUR POWDERS\n\nFOR TINTING\n\nCEMENT, CONCRETE\n\nPATENT FLOORING, DECORATION, ETC.\n\nAPPLY\n\nDODWELL & CO. TEL. 28021.\n\nSOUTH CHINA MORNING POST. FRIDAY, OCTOBER 23, 1931.\n\nGENEVA ANXIETY.\n\nALARM LEST COUNCIL SHOULD ABDICATE.\n\nPROBLEM OF MANCHURIA STILL CAUSING GRAVE CONCERN.\n\nJAPAN'S REPLY SENT.\n\nThe atmosphere at Geneva is reported to have become exceedingly tense, as Japan's reply on the latest issues raised has caused \"a painful impression.\"\n\nFurther bombing by Japanese aeroplanes, with railways as the objective, is reported from Manchuria.\n\nAnxiety amounting to alarm is felt lest the League Council carry out its intention virtually to abdicate over the Manchurian dispute.\n\nThe Chinese still maintain their viewpoint that the Japanese must withdraw their troops to the railway zone and agree to indemnify Chinese losses before negotiations can be commenced.\n\nThere is a growing belief in League circles, however, that the Council's committee is weakening in its treatment of the difficulty and is inclined to advise the Chinese to abandon their conditions.\n\nThis policy has produced very deplorable effects in League circles. If persisted in it is feared will have very disastrous effects on the coming disarmament conference and the League itself, which is facing the most serious crisis it has ever experienced.\n\nPAINFUL IMPRESSION.\n\nLondon, Oct. 22.\n\nM. Briand, with a very grave face, descended the stairs first, alone, on the way to his hotel, where he will receive Mr. Yoshizawa.\n\nThe anxiety, almost alarm, felt lest the Council carry out its intention virtually to abdicate over the Manchurian dispute is reflected in the comment of the London morning papers.\n\nHe told Reuter.—\"We are not through the wood yet.\"\n\nOther members of the committee were equally preoccupied, and the atmosphere is tense almost to breaking point. The Japanese reply has evidently created a very painful impression.\n\nThe News-Chronicle appeals to M. Briand and Lord Reading to remain at Geneva to avert the threatened calamity to the League. --Reuter.\n\nTENSION INCREASED.\n\nGravity of Position Owing to Japan's Attitude.\n\nNOT OUT OF THE WOOD.\n\nGeneva, Oct. 22.\n\nDramatic Development. There was a sudden dramatic development in the situation as the result of Mr. Yoshizawa's visit to M. Briand, which lasted exactly twenty-five minutes.\n\nOn leaving, Mr. Yoshizawa told Reuter that the reply from Tokyo was incomplete, and some sections of the communication had still to be received. He might therefore consider it advisable to ask for an adjournment.\n\nThe committee of five is now meeting to consider it.\n\nThe reply arrived in the small hours of the morning, and the staff of the delegation stayed up all night long decoding it.\n\nThe final form of the resolution which will be presented at a full sitting of the Council proving difficult to find, the conversations continued until a late hour last night, in which the Secretary General of the League participated. Various modifications, it is believed, were suggested.\n\nHe then returned to his hotel to consult his colleagues.\n\nOn arriving for an interview at 11.55 Mr. Yoshizawa had told Reuter that the Japanese reply was \"a little reassuring.\"-Reuter.\n\nJAPANESE ACTION.\n\nStrengthening Defences in Manchuria.\n\nIt is rumoured that the Japanese reply to M. Briand's proposals on behalf of the Council is not altogether satisfactory.\n\nThe Chinese attitude is unchanged. Dr. Sze maintains the viewpoint of the Nanking Government that the Japanese must withdraw their troops to the railway zone and agree to pay an indemnity for Chinese losses as a result of the occupation, the amount of which shall be settled later, before commencing direct negotiations with Japan.\n\nSerious Alarm.\n\nA very serious view is taken of the situation in League circles this evening. It is alleged that the Council's committee is weakening in its treatment of the difficulty and it is said the committee is inclined to advise the Chinese to abandon their conditions for direct negotiations, namely the previous withdrawal of the Japanese troops and the presence of neutrals to supervise the evacuation, and thus seemingly leave the Japanese to treat with the Chinese Government under the pressure of a military occupation.\n\nThis feeling has produced very deplorable effects in League circles and it is feared that this policy if persisted in will have a very disastrous effect on the coming disarmament conference and the League itself, which is facing the most serious crisis it has ever experienced.\n\nGeneva Hopes.\n\nAs both the chamber and the temple are in Chinese territory, the Shanghai Municipal Police have not intervened, but are watching both buildings. Should any of the detained men be brought onto a road, police action would follow.\n\n\"The Chinese Government sincerely hopes that active efforts, now in progress at Geneva to arrive at a settlement of the present case in the interests of justice and peace, will soon be crowned with success, which will be conducive to the well-being, not only of China, but of the whole world.\n\nCoolie Robs Japanese.\n\nA Shanghai ricksha coolie burning with the twin urges of patriotism and desire for the better things of this world killed two birds with one stone by attacking and robbing Mr. Bunro Ando, secretary to Mr. Yusuke Tsurumi, Japanese delegate to the Institute of Pacific Relations.\n\nAs Mr. Ando was returning to his hotel during mid-morning, he was pulled into an alleyway near Honan Road where the coolie first administered a beating and then relieved his victim of Yen 56 and $200 in Chinese currency. Despite his bruises, Mr. Ando was able to make his way back to his hotel and inform the police of the incident.\n\nRight of Boycott.\n\nReferring to the boycott in the course of its Memorandum in reply to the Japanese Memorandum of Oct. 9, the Chinese Government, according to the Sino News Service, makes the following declaration:\n\n\"It must therefore be matter of surprise to the world that popular indignation in China has limited itself to the mere refusal to purchase Japanese goods. The freedom to choose one's purchases is an individual right with which no government interferes, and, while it is the duty of every government to protect foreign nationals, it is bound neither by any recognized standard of governance nor by any principle of International Law to prohibit or punish the exercise of an elemental right of citizenship. If there be any responsibility in the matter, it entirely lies with the Japanese Government, which has, by many acts of unfriendliness since the Wanpaoshan incident, created this general prejudice against Japanese merchandise.\n\nCHINA UNITY.\n\nNanking and South To-\n\nManchuria.\n\ngether on\n\nSPECIAL COMMITTEE.\n\nRecent Disturbance.\n\nA Chinese taken into custody on Saturday, October 10, for throwing a stone at a police officer during the disturbance in Yangtze-poo district, when arraigned before the Special District Court received sentence of six months' imprisonment.\n\nMANCHURIAN WAR.\n\nIndependent Movement\n\nDefeated.\n\nRUSSIAN DANGER.\n\nPeking, Oct. 22. Retreating with several thousands of his followers, the Manchu independent leader, Chang Hai-peng, is falling back from Taonan to Hailar, near the Sino-Russian frontier.\n\nThe Heilungkiang Provincial Government has sent envoys to the independent armies advising the opposing troops not to proceed to Hailar, as proximity to Russian territory may lead to further Sino-Russian complications.\n\nShanghai, Oct. 22.\n\nThe impression in French circles here this morning was more favourable than it was earlier.\n\nTokyo, Oct. 22.\n\nIt is learned that the Japanese War Office has decided to despatch additional machine-guns and infantry guns to Manchuria, for the purpose of increasing the defensive power, as the Government is averse to increasing the number of troops.-Reuter.\n\nMR. CHU CHAO-HSIN.\n\nAn Appointment by the Nanking Government.\n\nA telegram announcing the appointment of Mr. Chu Chao-hsin, former Chinese Minister to Italy and vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Nanking Government, as one of the commissioners to serve on the Special Committee elected by the Nanking Government to administer foreign affairs and the Manchurian negotiations has been despatched from the Nanking Central Political Council to a prominent Hongkong Chinese merchant, asking him to convey this message of appointment to Mr. Chu Chao-hsin, who was in Hongkong yesterday.\n\nFAITH IN LEAGUE.\n\nPeking, Oct. 22.\n\nAlthough the resolution will provide for an adjournment of the Council for three weeks, it is believed a proviso will be added to the effect that the Council still considers itself in permanent session in order that they could be again summoned urgently, should the situation warrant.\n\nAnother Chinese telegram to headquarters states that Japanese aeroplanes dropped six bombs yesterday near Tahsing, on the Taonan-Angangchi railway, but the damage has not to be ascertained.-Reuter.\n\nExcitement was at fever heat here this morning, as it is felt that some definite development must result from to-day's deliberations. It was decided at the last minute that the meeting of the committee of five should be held at the Secretariat, where it has now continued for already three quarters of an hour.\n\nGENEVA DELAY.\n\nWeakening.\n\n\"DEPLORABLE EFFECTS.\"\n\nMr. Yoshizawa has an appointment with M. Briand at 11.30.\n\npresumably to hand him officially the text the Japanese reply.\n\nGRAVE DEVELOPMENT.\n\nJapanese Reply Considered Unsatisfactory.\n\nLater.\n\nThe Council considers\n\nChina's Reply to Powers Identic Notes.\n\nPOLICY OF PEACE.\n\nNanking, Oct. 21.\n\nThe Waichiaopu despatched to day the following communication to the French, British, German, Norwegian, Jugo-Slavian, Italian, and Polish Governments in reply to their identic notes calling attention of both China and Japan to their obligations under the Kellogg Pact:\n\n\"The Chinese Government feels to her legal as well as moral duty toward human civilization.\n\nThe acting Chairman of the Heilungkiang Provincial Government who was responsible for the defeat of the Independents near Taonan, has telegraphed to Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang suggesting that the Nanking Foreign Office should lodge a strong protest against the supply of foreign arms and ammunition from one of Manchuria's foreign neighbours to the Independents under Chang Hai-peng.\n\nCommander Ma's telegram says that without the foreign imported arms and ammunition there would have been no independent movement. He declares that the movement was deliberately created to harm the prestige of the Central Government in her foreign relations.\n\nYOUNG MARSHAL.\n\nStill Intends to Return to Mukden.\n\nLUGGAGE MYSTERY.\n\nPeking, Oct. 21. It is understood that Mr. Chu Chao-hsin will be leaving for Shanghai on the Empress of Russia this morning.\n\nFour hundred and seventeen effects-cases of household furniture and personal belongings Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang and his family, have arrived at Tongku from Dairen.\n\nTen\n\nTHE BOYCOTT.\n\nMerchants Held in Shanghai Temple.\n\nONE PAYS $10,000 FINE.\n\nShanghai, Oct. 12.\n\nThe anti-Japanese boycott committee over the week-end resumed its activities against merchants supposed to be dealing in Japanese goods.\n\nDuring the last few days merchants held in the temple have been released on \"fines.\" One was $10,000. The usual amount demanded is $5,000.\n\nThe merchants are given a preliminary trial in the office of the General Chamber of Commerce, which adjoins the temple, before being confined in the latter building. In all cases the self-appointed tribunal has found them guilty of dealing in Nipponese goods and have been threatened with the destruction of their business if the fines inflicted are not paid.\n\nProtests to the authorities of Greater Shanghai have failed to bring any relief to the merchants, and in some cases the relatives of the men detained have refused to give information under fear of reprisals.\n\nJAPANESE OPTIMISM.\n\nContrasting with the pessimism prevailing at Geneva, Reuter was informed this evening that a more optimistic view prevails at the Japanese Embassy in London in regard to the Sino-Japanese dispute.\n\nIt was said there that there seems to be every sign of a settlement as both sides appear to have made up their minds to bring about an arrangement. Everyone, it was added, seems to be doing his best with this object in view.\n\nMomentous Meeting.\n\nLater.\n\nIt was then the general opinion that the Council would take a strong line.\n\nThe resolution to be submitted at to-morrow's meeting will urge Japan and China to find a mutual settlement of their difficulties within a period which will, most probably, be indicated by some date set for the next meeting of the Council, which, it is understood, will be about the middle of November.\n\nAwaiting Japan's Reply.\n\nLater.\n\nDespite the decisions taken to night by the Committee of Five-which have caused so much adverse comment it appears that everything to a certain extent will be subordinated to the Japanese Reply, which has not yet been received.\n\nThe tone of the Reply will directly influence the wording of the resolution to be submitted to the Council.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-555-2 Estimates 1936 30-8-1935 - 29-1-1937",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-555-2 Estimates 1936 30-8-1935 - 29-1-1937",
        "content_text": "There was some disagreement between the Hon. Sir William Shenton and the Hon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall regarding the question of the use of surplus balances for the purpose of balancing the Budget, the former expressing the opinion that the Government was already encroaching too deeply upon these reserves, while the Hon. Mr. Kotewall held the view that more use should be made of them.\n\nThe general tenor of the speeches was one of satisfaction as to the policy of the Government.\n\nAt the conclusion of the business, appreciation was pressed by His Excellency, by the Hon. Sir Henry Pollock on behalf of the Unofficial Members, and by the Hon. Mr. S. W. Ts'o on behalf of the Chinese community, of the services rendered by the Hon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall during his twelve years as a member of the Council, and regret was expressed at his resignation.\n\nRegret was also expressed at the impending departure of Lieut.-General O. C. Borrett, who leaves for England on Saturday.\n\nHis Excellency the Officer Administering the Government (Hon. Mr. N. L. Smith), presided, and there were also present:\n\nHis Excellency the General Officer Commanding the Troops (Lieut.-General O. C. Borrett, C.B., C.M.G., C.B.E., D.S.O.);\n\nThe Colonial Secretary (Hon. Mr. R. A. D. Forrest, Acting);\n\nThe Attorney General (Hon. Mr. C. G. Alabaster, K.C., O.B.E.);\n\nThe Secretary for Chinese Affairs (Hon. Mr. E. H. Williams, Acting);\n\nThe Colonial Treasurer (Hon. Mr. E. Taylor);\n\nHon. Dr. W. B. A. Moore (Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, Acting);\n\nHon. Commander G. F. Hole, R.N., (Retired), (Harbour Master);\n\nHon. Mr. R. M. Henderson (Director of Public Works);\n\nHon. Mr. M. J. Breen (Postmaster General);\n\nHon. Sir Henry Pollock, Kt., K.C.;\n\nHon. Sir William Shenton, Kt.;\n\nHon. Mr. R. H. Kotewall, C.M.G., LL.D.;\n\nHon. Mr. J. B. Braga, O.B.E.;\n\nHon. Mr. S. W. T'so, O.B.E., LL.D.;\n\nHon. Mr. J. J. Paterson;\n\nHon. Mr. T. N. Chau;\n\nMr. A. W. G. H. Grantham (Deputy Clerk of Councils).\n\nPROMISE OF ECONOMY\n\nIt is satisfactory to note that, for the time being, no new taxation is being imposed, and we are glad to see that the Government is reducing the charges for excess water. It is also satisfactory that, notwithstanding the need for drastic economy, Queen Mary Hospital is being vigorously proceeded with, whilst the 75-foot road from Causeway Bay to Ming Yuen (now known as King's Road), the Central British School and the new Kowloon Magistracy will be completed next year.\n\nToo Many Regulations Regarding retrenchment of staffs, we are glad to learn that the Government is carefully considering whether it is absolutely necessary to fill up posts as vacancies occur. Our staff of Civil Servants is a very large one, even after making the fullest allowance for the fact that the Government has also to perform the duties of a Municipality. Indeed it is considered by some that we have too many Regulations in this Colony and too large a staff of subordinate officers fussing about and worrying people. Also the prevalent notion that Police Officers and Sanitary Inspectors acquire merit by prosecuting people is apt to render the Government unpopular and to make the man in the street consider that we could do with fewer of such Officers.\n\nCity Development Under Public Works Department, we agree that in these times of depression, it is advisable to retain as many employees as possible on a temporary basis. In regard to Government House and City Development, we consider that the Government is wise to call a halt for the time being, to a scheme of this expensive nature which originated in more prosperous times.\n\nWith reference to the Shing Mun Dam, we note with pleasure the highly satisfactory progress which has been made, enabling some water to be impounded from the first of last month. We congratulate Mr. Gifford Hull and his staff, upon being so well forward with this important scheme.\n\nShing Mun reminds us of the excellent anti-malarial work which has been done by Dr. R. B. Jackson and his Staff not only in that neighbourhood but also in the Peak District which is now more free from mosquitoes than it has been for very many years past. Also much good anti-malarial work has been and is being done in Kowloon Tong, Stanley, Shek O and elsewhere.\n\nA full report by Dr. Jackson on anti-malarial measures during 1934 appears on pages 116 to 158 of the Report of the Acting Director of Medical and Sanitary Services for 1934, and induces us to urge that, if possible, more money should be devoted to anti-malarial work than is at present included in the Estimates for 1936.\n\nWe trust that the forthcoming cemetery extension at Hammer Hill will, in the course of the next ten years, enable the Central Cemetery at Kowloon to be released for building and other development purposes, a very necessary step forward in the town-planning of Kowloon.\n\nStrong Protest\n\nThe Unofficial Members now proceed to deal with one part of the Colonial Secretary's Budget speech, to which they take the strongest exception. The passage in question reads as follows: \"In spite of all this, however, the Government would be failing in its duty if it did not contemplate in advance the steps that will have to be taken in 1936 if there should either be a sharp drop in the dollar rate or a serious decline in revenue or possibly both. As I have said, no additional taxation has been imposed in the existing circumstances; but it is as well that a warning should now be given that this may be necessary if the state of the public finances in 1936 should show some serious deterioration. It is considered that a temporary levy on all Government Salaries, both dollars and sterling, may be necessary before the end of 1936 in the circumstances referred to, and that the Secretary of State has already given his sanction to make action on these lines.\"\n\nThe Colonial Secretary moved the second reading of a Bill intituled \"An Ordinance to apply the sum not exceeding Twenty-three million eight hundred and forty thousand and sixteen dollars to the Public Service of the year 1936\". The Colonial Treasurer seconded, and the Bill was read a second time.\n\nAddressing the Council, the Hon. Sir Henry Pollock said:-Your Excellency, As the Senior Unofficial Member I have been asked by my colleagues to express our joint views upon the Budget for 1936. At the outset we congratulate the Colonial Secretary and Mr. Grantham (whose impending departure from the Colony we very much regret) upon the able and clear statement which has been laid before us regarding the Budget. We also thank the Colonial Treasurer for his lucid and informative Memorandum on our financial position, and the Director of Public Works for his notes on Public Works Extraordinary for 1936 and also for the information which he and his Staff kindly gave us in Public Works Committee.\n\nThe Estimates contain little contentious matter, and it is fully realised that, in view of the estimated revenue for 1936 being so much lower than that for 1935, it is essential that the Government should refrain from starting expenditure on new Public Works of magnitude. At the same time we regret that many useful Public Works, over 100 in number, in the list marked \"considered but not included in the draft estimates\" (with which the Government kindly supplied us) have had to be postponed owing to present financial stress.\n\nWe approve of the additional Police defences which are being erected on the frontier and of the extra police engaged for that purpose. We agree to the new posts in the Treasury and to the proposed Aviation Meteorological Officers for the Government Observatory, and, on the ground of economy, we agree to the proposed engagement locally of ten Asiatic Sanitary Inspectors, to replace sterling-paid Officers. We approve of the two new postal kiosks and of the improved postal deliveries in outside parts of the Colony, and also of the short-wave telephone transmitter which was recommended by the Economic Commission.\n\nSalary Facts\n\nIn support of this contention of ours, we beg leave to remind Government of certain facts, which preceded the considerable increase in salaries which came into force on the ...\n\nPage 92",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-555-9 Colonial Naval Volunteer Forces 28-8-1935 - 6-11-1935",
        "page_number": 15,
        "title": "CO129-555-9 Colonial Naval Volunteer Forces 28-8-1935 - 6-11-1935",
        "content_text": "-3-\n\nrequired to man the defences and essential services. If at such a time an important part of this man-power were to be called elsewhere as members of the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, and in this connection it may be remarked that the sudden withdrawal of only a few officers or Cadets would disorganize the whole Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force, very grave concern would be caused to those responsible for the Colony's defence.\n\nSecondly it is open to question whether there would be the same response to the call for Volunteers if it were known that the joining of the Force involved liability for service outside local waters.\n\nThirdly the Legislature has provided funds for a local force for local defence and I have grave doubts whether it would be possible, except by the use of the official vote, to obtain the provision of funds for a Force with extended liability.\n\nFourthly the present Force provides the local assistance for which the Naval Authorities have been pressing and is as much as the Colony can afford in the present financial stringency.\n\n6.\n\nThe matter was fully discussed at a meeting of the Local Defence Committee on 19th August last and this Committee, of which the General Officer Commanding and Commodore-in-Charge are members, unanimously advised that the further Ordinance on the second model referred to",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "page_number": 16,
        "title": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "content_text": "# Oral Answers \n\n## HOUSE OF COMMONS \n\n[Mr. Day.] shipping in the case of a national emergency which would seriously affect food and other supplies of great importance to this country, he will consider moving to appoint a Select Committee to discuss the advantages as a whole of the construction of a Channel tunnel, which, in addition to the labour and material required, would also increase the productive employment in this country?\n\nThe Prime Minister: The view of His Majesty's Government is that nothing has occurred since the issue of the White Paper in June, 1930, to cause them to modify the attitude then adopted in relation to the Channel tunnel. The answer to the question is, therefore, in the negative.\n\nMr. Day: Can the right hon. Gentleman say whether this question is being considered by the Committee of Imperial Defence?\n\nThe Prime Minister: No, Sir.\n\n## GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION OF INDUSTRY \n\n47. Mr. J. Griffiths asked the Prime Minister when the report of the Royal Commission on the geographical distribution of industry will be issued?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I am afraid that the Commission are not yet in a position to say when their report will be ready.\n\nMr. Lawson: Can the Prime Minister suggest to the chairman the advisability of publishing an interim report of the Commission, in view of the relations of the subject with which they are dealing to many questions of vital importance to the nation?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I think it would probably be better to wait until the chairman is in a position to issue a report on the whole subject.\n\nMr. Lawson: Has the Prime Minister any knowledge how long this Commission will be before it reports? It has been sitting a long time and the matter is of very great importance.\n\nThe Prime Minister: I appreciate that, but I have said at various times that I do not think the report of a Commission on so complicated a subject can be expected very early. I am, however, hopeful that it will not be very long delayed now.\n\nMr. Maequisten: Will the Prime Minister call the attention of the Commission to the shackles that have been imposed upon road transport, which would soon redistribute itself if we had good, decent roads?\n\n49. Mr. Lees-Jones asked the Prime Minister whether the Royal Commission on the geographical distribution of the industrial population has considered, in the national interest, the question of the evacuation of the overcrowded industrial undertakings in Greater London; and, if not, in view of recent events, will steps be taken to add this to the Royal Commission's terms of reference?\n\nThe Prime Minister: The strategical aspects of the concentration of industry and the industrial population in Greater London are within the terms of reference of the Royal Commission, but I do not consider that arrangements for evacuation should be brought within their scope.\n\n## FOOTBALL POOLS \n\n48. Mr. R. C. Morrison asked the Prime Minister whether his attention has been drawn to the rapid growth of football pools; whether, in view of the large amount of money invested by the public in small weekly sums and the doubts existing as to the relation of the prize money to the amount invested, he will set up a committee of inquiry to investigate their working and report whether State supervision is necessary?\n\nSir S. Hoare: I have been asked to reply. I would refer the hon. Member to the answer which I gave to my hon. Friend the Member for Leeds, West (Mr. V. Adams) on 17th February.\n\nMr. Morrison: May I take it that the right hon. Gentleman does not intend to take any notice of the many representations from business interests that have been directed to the Government in connection with this matter?\n\nSir S. Hoare: The issue raises the whole question of off-the-course betting, and I do not think that it can be dealt with separately from the bigger problem. I do not at present see any opportunity for legislation of that kind.\n\nViscountess Astor: Is it not true that when the last Betting Bill came before the House of Commons the Government had at one time thought of dealing with football pools? If that be true, why cannot they do that now, seeing the terrific amount of waste that is going on?\n\nSir S. Hoare: The proposal met with very great opposition. It was either defeated or withdrawn.\n\nMr. McGovern: Seeing that there is such efficiency of organisation in regard to these football pools, will the right hon. Gentleman consider getting the promoters of these pools to run the arms industry?\n\n57. Mr. R. C. Morrison asked the Chancellor of the Exchequer whether he can give any information as to the profits of football pools and the amount of Income Tax received from same?\n\nThe Chancellor of the Exchequer (Sir John Simon): I regret that I cannot furnish any information regarding the profits as assessed to Income Tax of the particular concerns to which the hon. Member refers.\n\n## DEFENCE \n\n50. Mr. Cary asked the Prime Minister whether he will give the House more specific information in regard to the serious gaps which have been shown to exist in our defences and the nature of the steps which have been taken to repair such deficiencies; and, further, whether His Majesty's Government has received assurances from the trade unions in Great Britain and from all the Dominion governments oversea that they are prepared to co-operate to the limit of their capacity in bringing our system of defences to a satisfactory point with the least possible delay?\n\n51. Miss Ward asked the Prime Minister whether he is aware that there are responsible industrial companies who feel that full advantage has not been taken of their willingness to co-operate in the rearmament programme; and whether he will consider taking immediate steps to set up a liaison committee of industrialists whose business it would be to receive offers of co-operation and relate these offers to the needs of the Defence Departments?\n\nThe Prime Minister: It is proposed that a full statement should be made on Defence at the first convenient opportunity in the new Session of Parliament. I would ask hon. Members to await this statement, which will deal comprehensively with the steps which His Majesty's Government have taken and are taking in regard to Defence matters generally.\n\nMr. Cary: Will my right hon. Friend consider the advisability of issuing a White Paper on Defence to coincide with the Debate on the Address?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I will think about that.\n\nMr. Garro Jones: Can the Prime Minister assure the House that any further statement will be more ingenuous and explicit than past White Papers on Defence have been?\n\n71. Mr. Shinwell asked the Minister for the Co-ordination of Defence whether he is satisfied that the Service Departments are adequately prepared to defend our commitments at home and abroad?\n\nThe Minister for the Co-ordination of Defence (Sir Thomas Inskip): I would refer the hon. Member to the reply given by my right hon. Friend the Prime Minister to earlier questions to-day by my hon. Friends the Members for Eccles (Mr. Cary) and Wallsend (Miss Ward).\n\n## IRELAND \n\n52. Mr. McEntee asked the Prime Minister whether, following upon the steps which he has taken by intervention in Central Europe to remove the grievances of the minorities in Czechoslovakia, he will now introduce legislation for the restoration of the unity of Ireland which was taken away under the provisions of the Government of Ireland Act, 1920?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I would invite the attention of the hon. Member to the statements made by my right hon. Friend the Secretary of State for Dominion Affairs and by myself in the course of the Second Reading of the Eire (Confirmation Agreements) Bill, to which I am not in a position to add.\n\nSir Ronald Ross: Is not the Prime Minister and everyone else aware that by an overwhelming majority in the recent elections for the Northern Ireland Parliament the people of Northern Ireland demonstrated their determination always to remain part of the United Kingdom?\n\nPage 24  \nPage 23  \n1 NOVEMBER 1938  \nNo. 165",
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        "document_key": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
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        "title": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "content_text": "## International Situation\n\n**HOUSE OF COMMONS**\n\n[The Prime Minister.] transfer of Sudetenland, will be put in the same position as other involuntary emigrants from Germany with whom the committee is already concerned. As to whether it may be possible in the future to initiate a project of the dimensions which the right hon. Gentleman foreshadowed, that is evidently a matter with which I could not deal here. It is not one for this country alone. This is not a country which has the area or the opportunity for settling a large number of emigrants. The question concerns the world as a whole. I am sure that we shall all join in hoping that a solution may be found which will mitigate the sufferings of these unfortunate people. The right hon. Gentleman drew a gloomy picture of what might be called the economic sequences of the Munich Agreement, and he suggested that there was some sinister political motive behind the economic activities of Dr. Funk.\n\nMr. Dalton: Has not the right hon. Gentleman forgotten that my right hon. Friend asked him to make a statement as to the guarantees of the new Czechoslovakian frontier?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I am very much obliged to the hon. Gentleman. I had forgotten the question, but, as a matter of fact, I have a note to come back to the question later on; but I will deal with it at once and say that I am not yet in a position to add anything, on the subject of guarantees, to what has already been said by my right hon. Friend the Minister for the Co-ordination of Defence. The position remains exactly the same and it cannot be cleared up until the whole question of minorities in Czechoslovakia has been settled. The House will remember that it was stated that Germany and Italy would be ready to enter into a guarantee on the question of Czechoslovakia when the question of minorities had been settled. Our original offer was to enter into an international guarantee, but what the terms of that guarantee will be and who will be the partakers in that guarantee is not a question on which I can give the House any further information to-day. Of course, before anything were settled, the terms of such a guarantee and the names of those who are taking part in it would be brought before this House.\n\nMr. Wedgwood Benn: In dealing with the frontiers the right hon. Gentleman has not dealt with the Hungarian frontier. Many people are asking why we are to guarantee a frontier vis-a-vis Hungary in the determination of which we and the French are excluded.\n\nThe Prime Minister: In speaking of a guaranteed frontier the right hon. Gentleman is mistaken. We never guaranteed the frontiers as they existed. What we did was to guarantee against unprovoked aggression quite a different thing. That did not mean that we gave our seal to the existence of frontiers as they were then or at any other time. Our guarantee was against unprovoked aggression and not the crystallisation of frontiers. The right hon. Gentleman alternates between violent indignation and insuppressible amusement, but I do not think that my answer could give rise to either of those expressions.\n\nI was dealing with the economic consequences of Dr. Funk's activities. Again, I am sorry that the right hon. Gentleman thought it necessary to suggest that the activities of Dr. Funk, who is the Minister concerned with economic questions, should be concealing some political motive. It is this attitude of constant suspicion-- nothing can be done by anybody but what somebody or other finds concealed in it something sinister or evil which is very largely the cause of the want of confidence existing in Europe to-day. What, taking an economic view, is the position of Germany in relation to the States of Central and South-Eastern Europe? Geographically, she must occupy a dominating position there. She does now. As a matter of fact, in so far as those States are agricultural in character, the nature of the trade between them and Germany is complementary. They can supply Germany with raw materials and foodstuffs in return for articles of manufacture which Germany is so well fitted to supply, but I do not see any reason why we should expect that a fundamental change is likely to take place in those regions.\n\nSo far as Czechoslovakia is concerned, the industries in the ceded regions were industries mainly exporting in character, and they suffered a good deal in competition from Germany. It is quite true that she has ceded also valuable supplies of raw materials, such as coal, lignite and timber, but so long as she is able to import those raw materials there is no reason, so far as I can see, why her industrial position should be worsened.\n\nExchanges of goods over the frontier between Germany and Czechoslovakia are likely to be mutually beneficial. I do not imagine that there will be difficulty put in the way of importing raw materials.\n\nMr. E. J. Williams: Will it not affect the coal trade in this country?\n\nThe Prime Minister: I am talking of the industrial position of Czechoslovakia. So far as this country is concerned, we have no wish to block Germany out from those countries or to encircle her economically. It is true that we have certain trade interests there ourselves, and of course, we mean to maintain those trade interests; and indeed, in that respect, we shall have the good will of the countries themselves. Although, as I have said, their natural market is to be found chiefly in Germany, nevertheless, they can, as a rule, only obtain payment from Germany either in the form of goods --a barter arrangement or in the form of block marks. That does not suit them. They want free currency so that they may import other materials and things which they cannot get in Germany. Therefore, they do desire at least a certain proportion of their trade to be done with other countries, and for that reason we shall have their assistance and good will in our efforts to maintain our trade.\n\nDo not let us suppose that there necessarily must be economic warfare between Germany and ourselves. There must be some competition. Competition is a thing that we thrived on in the past. It is not in our interest to see any part of the world remain poor. If by means of international trade between Germany and these countries the economic position of these countries is improved, you may be quite certain that we shall get our share of the trade. They may not buy exactly the same things from us as they buy from Germany, but they will buy from us those articles which we are most fitted to supply. I finish what I have to say on this subject by the general observation that, in my view, there is room both for Germany and for us in trade with those countries and that neither of us ought to try to obtain exclusive possession of their markets.\n\nWith regard to the other minorities, the right hon. Gentleman appeared to indicate that it was very wrong that any further encroachment should be made upon the territory of Czechoslovakia. Surely that is not a position that we can take up.\n\nWhat we are doing now, as was pointed out by my Noble Friend the Foreign Secretary, is witnessing the re-adjustment of frontiers laid down in the Treaty of Versailles. I do not know whether the people who were responsible for those frontiers thought they would remain permanently as they were laid down. I doubt very much whether they did. They probably expected that from time to time the frontiers would have to be adjusted. It is impossible to conceive that those people would be such supermen as to be able to see what would be the right frontiers for all time. The question is not whether those frontiers should be readjusted from time to time but whether they should be readjusted by negotiation and discussion, or be readjusted by war. Readjustment is going on and, in the case of the Hungarian frontier, arbitration by Germany and Italy has been accepted by Czechoslovakia and Hungary for the final determination of the frontier between them. I think I have said enough about Czechoslovakia.\n\nI do not propose to talk about Spain, following the example of the right hon. Gentleman. As to China, I can only say that there again the right hon. Gentleman appears to me to be taking an unnecessarily gloomy view of the future. He spoke of China as one of the largest potential markets in the world. Potential what does that mean?: China cannot be developed into a real market without the influx of a great deal of capital, and the fact that so much capital is being destroyed during this war means that even more capital will have to be put into China in the future, when the war is over. Who is going to supply the capital? It is quite certain that it cannot be supplied by Japan. Therefore, when the right hon. Gentleman appears to contemplate a future in which Japan will have the monopoly of Chinese trade, and we shall be excluded from it altogether, I say that that is flying in the face of the facts. It is quite certain that, when the war is over and the reconstruction of China begins, she cannot possibly be reconstructed without some help from this country. [Interruption.] That is a matter for those who are asked to invest their money to consider at the time.\n\nPage 30  \nPage 31\n\nI want to turn to another aspect of the consequences that flow, I will not say from the Munich Agreement, but from the events which led up to it. The House will remember that when I spoke last, on 6th October, I told hon. Members that I was proposing to make a thorough and complete review of our civil and military defences, in order to see what errors and deficiencies might have been revealed and to take the necessary steps to make them good. On the civil side that review has been made, and, of course, it has shown what, indeed, was well known before, that our preparations were far from complete. All the same, I am of opinion that, if they had been put to the test, they would have been shown to have worked a great deal better than many people seem to suppose from the accounts of the deficiencies which were in fact shown up. This country, sometimes, is rather slow to get to work, but, when it does get to work, it works in double quick time; and the amount of work which was actually carried out, and efficiently carried out, during the crisis, is, I think, an indication that these air-raid precautions would not have been the complete and utter failure which some seem to think they would have been. I need not go further into that matter now, since it is to be the subject of a Vote of Censure, I understand, in a couple of days' time. What seems to me to be of much more interest to the general public than the question as to what blame should be attributed and where, is what is going to be done now, in order that there may be no cause for blame in the future. We had our warning; we had some sort of rehearsal; and we are in a position now to get a better picture of the whole situation than we were before. I think the House will probably like me to give them some short account of the measures by which we are proposing to deal with air-raid precautions in the future.\n\nWe have come to the conclusion that the whole subject of air-raid precautions has assumed such gigantic proportions, and has developed such complexity, that the burden is really too great to be imposed upon the Home Office in addition to its ordinary duties. We want a separate Minister with special administrative and organising experience, who could devote his whole attention to this subject. Accordingly, I invited my right hon. Friend the Member for the Scottish Universities (Sir J. Anderson) to undertake this task, and, as the House will be aware, his appointment as Lord Privy Seal has been approved by His Majesty the King. He will hold the office of Lord Privy Seal, but the duties of that office are not very onerous, and, in fact, this Minister will be the Minister of Civilian Defence. In that capacity he will have direct charge of air-raid precautions, and he will also be responsible, in consultation with the Departments concerned, for determining arrangements for national voluntary service.\n\nWith reference to air-raid precautions, hon. Members will appreciate that a large number of Departments are concerned in this work, and that they must be responsible in an emergency for functions which have to be exercised through their existing organisation. We have the Home Office, dealing with, perhaps, the major part of the work, especially police work, as well as fire brigades, gas-masks and so forth. Then we have the Ministry of Health, which is in close touch with local authorities, and is also responsible for the medical services, including nursing and ambulance provision. Then there is the Board of Trade, which must be responsible for the storage and distribution of food, and, of course, for the distribution of shipping and the decision as to where shipping is to be embarked and disembarked. There is the Board of Education, which must marshal the children in case of evacuation; there is the Ministry of Transport, which has to provide that railways or other forms of transport shall be available to carry out evacuation; there is the Post Office, which is responsible for communications and for the repair of such things as telephone or telegraph services in case of damage; and finally, of course, there is the Ministry of Labour, which has to see that labour is available for all the services as it is wanted. These services in Scotland are, of course, under the Secretary of State for Scotland. The House will see, therefore, that, in addition to the Home Office and the Scottish Office, all these other Departments have to play their part, and it is necessary that their activities should be co-ordinated, so that each of them may know beforehand exactly what is going to be expected of it in an emergency. For that purpose we shall set up committees of the Ministers of these various Departments and also of...",
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        "id": 563271,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "page_number": 31,
        "title": "CO129-574-13 British capital for China- Prime Minister's statement 5-11-1938 - 5-11-1938",
        "content_text": "# International Situation I NOVEMBER 1938\n\nThe senior officials. Over both these committees, for the time being at any rate, while the organisation is being perfected, my right hon. Friend the Minister for Civilian Defence will preside. These committees will be part of the organisation of the Committee of Imperial Defence, and their purpose will be to ensure a proper co-ordination between the civilian Services and the needs of the Defence Services.\n\nMr. H. Morrison: Is it intended that the Lord Privy Seal shall be a member of the Committee of Imperial Defence?\n\nThe Prime Minister: Oh, yes, certainly. That is a brief outline of the arrangement, which can be further developed. I feel confident that this arrangement will produce the results we require in the shortest possible time.\n\nMr. Attlee: Will the Lord Privy Seal be the responsible Minister in charge, or will he be merely a co-ordinating Minister, running round and bringing other people together?\n\nThe Prime Minister: He will be both; he will be the responsible Minister in charge and also the co-ordinating Minister. With regard to national voluntary service, it will be one of the first duties of my right hon. Friend to examine, with his colleagues, what will be the best way of availing ourselves of the general desire on the part of the public to help the nation. While the House is already aware that we have no intention of imposing compulsion in any form, we are satisfied that it is both desirable and practicable to meet the needs of civilian defence by voluntary action, provided that that action is suitably guided and organised.\n\nWith regard to the review of our military, naval and air defences, the right hon. Gentleman has mentioned again today the question of a Ministry of Supply, which, he says, he and his friends have long demanded. We have considered once more whether the time had come when it would be useful and desirable to set up a Ministry of Supply. In forming a judgment on that question, it is necessary to think very clearly what a Ministry of Supply would be expected to do which is not already done by the Service Departments with the assistance of my right hon. Friend the Minister for the Co-ordination of Defence, whose title, of course, includes co-ordination of supply, and with the assistance also of my right hon. Friend the Minister of Labour.\n\nIf a Minister of Supply were appointed merely to take over the designing and contracting staffs of the Defence Departments, without any additional powers, I cannot resist the conclusion that the first effect must be a dislocation to some extent of the existing arrangements, and that must necessarily result, not in an acceleration, but in a slowing down of the progress of our armaments.\n\nIf you are really to produce any substantial result—and even then it would not come at once—you would have to arm such a Minister with compulsory powers, with powers of compulsion upon individual firms, and also upon individual men and women. I venture to say that, while you can easily persuade people to accept compulsion of that kind in time of war, it is quite another thing to ask them to do so in time of peace; and it would be all the more difficult to obtain agreement because those powers, if given now, would not require to be exercised universally, but would have to be exercised with discrimination. You would have to discriminate between one firm and another, and between one individual and another, and you would have to justify yourselves every time you proposed to put compulsion upon Firm A instead of Firm B, or upon Ben Smith instead of Tom Jones.\n\nIt must be remembered that we are not to-day in the same position as we were in 1914, in this respect: that we are not now contemplating the equipment of an army on a continental scale. Our requirements to-day are limited; our difficulties are chiefly concerned with the supply of certain classes of specially skilled labour. I am not satisfied that in order to obtain that supply of labour where we want it, or, alternatively, in order to put the work where that labour is—I am not satisfied that it is necessary to introduce compulsion. I am not satisfied that we cannot get what we want by voluntary co-operation of employers and trade unionists. When we have done everything that we can on voluntary lines, if we find that we still cannot fill our requirements, then it will be time enough to talk about a Ministry of Supply with compulsory powers. But up to then I am convinced that the most satisfactory course is to perfect and accelerate the methods we have been pursuing, and which have given a very large measure of success.\n\nPage 85\nPage 86\n54",
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        "id": 564120,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "## Visits of Colonial Governors-General\n\n184. During the month of May, visits were paid to Tokyo by General Minami, Governor-General of Korea, and Admiral Kobayashi, Governor-General of Formosa. It is reported that new policies in Korea were decided on during General Minami's visit, both in regard to the development of the agriculture and industry of the country, which has acquired a special importance as the \"arsenal base\" for Japan's continental policy, and in regard to the treatment of Koreans in Korea and in Japan. It is said that a system of compulsory education is to be introduced into Korea as soon as possible, and that eventually conscription and suffrage will follow. It is also reported that it is planned to import large numbers of Korean labourers to cope with the growing shortage of labour here. On his arrival here on the 19th May, Admiral Kobayashi gave a press interview in which he referred to the good effect that the incident was having on the morale of the Formosans, more than 9,500 of whom had already fought and worked for the army in China. He also said that the future of Formosa depended on the island's industrialisation. He said that the recently acquired Spratley Islands would be a good stepping-stone for Japan's southward development, but he considered that the recently mooted plan for the administrative combination of Formosa and the mandated islands under a Governor-General of the south would prove difficult of realisation owing to the immense distance which separates Formosa from the eastern end of the archipelago. He also expressed the opinion that Formosa should be developed as the first line of defence against the south and west, and the mandated islands as the first line of defence against the Pacific. This remark is interesting in connection with the statement of General Koiso at the conference of prefectural Governors that the Government was taking appropriate measures for protection and guidance in the South Sea islands.\n\n## Plans for the Development of North Manchuria\n\n185. On the 15th May, the Hsinking Government published details of a comprehensive plan for the development of the northern border districts of Manchuria, which have hitherto been neglected on account of their remoteness. The project is expected to be completed in the main by 1941. The total expenditure involved will be some 1,000 million yuan. The scheme provides for new railways, roads, postal facilities, telephone cables, radio towers, and aerodromes, as well as for repairs and improvements to what already exists, for the development of water power supply, colonisation of uninhabited areas, rationalisation of labour supply, encouragement of agriculture by establishment of experimental stations, guilds, and commissions for the distribution of materials, strengthening of air defences, and provision of clubs and other social facilities.\n\n## Reorganisation of Municipalities of Dairen and Port Arthur\n\n186. The municipal government of these two cities has hitherto been not unlike that of a Japanese city, comprising an Assembly whose members, apart from four Chinese selected by the Kwantung Government, have been elected every four years by Japanese householders; the mayor was chosen every four years by the Assembly. Under the new system, half the members of the Assembly are to be officially nominated, and the term of service is to be three years only. The mayor and vice-mayor (a new post) are to be Japanese Government officials appointed by the Japanese Ambassador at Hsinking. The mayor actually chosen has for the past four and a half years been Vice-Governor of two provinces in Manchuria, and his appointment illustrates the ease with which Japanese officials can be interchanged between Japan and the \"independent\" State of Manchukuo.\n\nIt is probable that the new Assembly's function will be merely to endorse the decisions of the executive authority headed by the mayor, but the staffing of the executive by permanent Government officials, which forms part of the reorganisation, should bring some increase of efficiency. The change has been received with complete apathy by the inhabitants.\n\n## Trial of Japanese Communists\n\n187. The trial of twenty-two so-called Communists, which began in September last year, came to an end on the 8th May, when Mr. Toshi Futami was sentenced to death. Many of the twenty-one other defendants on trial with Mr. Futami since last September were shown leniency by the court in consideration of their avowed repentance. The judge refused to rule on the case against another of the group, who has been drafted into military service.\n\n188. All twenty-two of the defendants, arrested late in 1935, were said to have been members of the extinct Japan Anarchist-Communist party. They were accused and convicted on various criminal charges, including larceny, attempted homicide, desertion of a corpse, possession of explosives, and violation of the Peace Preservation Law.\n\n189. It was said that they had sought to maintain a vestige of the party after it had been suppressed by resorting to petty racketeering to obtain funds. Procurators handling the case demanded severe penalties for each of them, but the court took note of their penitent attitude and imposed milder sentences on virtually all but Mr. Futami, who was found more deeply implicated in the serious charges.\n\n## Expansion of Wireless Services\n\n190. It is reported in the vernacular press that the Communications Ministry have concluded negotiations with various countries for the inauguration of direct wireless telephone or telegraph services. Communication by wireless telegraph with Kalgan is expected to be opened by the end of June, and will be followed by services to Afghanistan, Peru, and Belgium. Wireless telephone services with France, Peru, Brazil, Australia, and Hong Kong are also to be inaugurated by the autumn. There is said to be a balance in Japan's favour of messages received over messages despatched of some 3 million words; in spite of this, Japan pays annual fees amounting to 10 million yen, owing to the fact that she is obliged to make use of the network of submarine cables owned by Great Britain, France, and the United States. The new expansion in Japan's direct wireless services is designed to remedy this handicap.\n\n## Foreign Misconception of Japan's Aims\n\n191. According to the Yomiuri, the Japan Economic Federation are exercised at the reception being given to Japanese goods abroad, and at the attitude of western countries to Japan's economic expansion in Asia, and are proposing to set up a special committee for the correction of the misconceptions by foreign countries regarding Japan's programme. The paper understands that the committee's first business will be to start investigations on a large scale into the reasons for these misconceptions.\n\n## Improving the Policeman's Lot\n\n192. The tendency of policemen and other underpaid minor officials to drift into munitions factories has already been referred to. During the first four months of this year, more than 400 policemen resigned from the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Force, whereas the present output of the police training school is about 160 a year. It is said that the Metropolitan Police Board are greatly concerned at the effect of these defections on the morale of the force and are doing their best to stop them; but the remaining policemen are said to be asking for better conditions of service. A plan has, however, been worked out by the board, by which certain \"welfare measures\" will take the place of increased salaries. Under this plan, subsidies of from 10 to 15 yen per child per annum are to be granted for the education of policemen's children, new houses with specially low rentals are to be built for the men, loans without interest are to be granted in cases of illness, and arrangements are to be made to...",
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    {
        "id": 564240,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "page_number": 203,
        "title": "CO129-575-3 Japanese affairs 2-1-1939 - 21-12-1939",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nJanuary 17, 1939\n\n## SECTION 2\n\n[F 508/14/10]\n\nCopy No.\n\n**Sir A. Clark Kerr to Viscount Halifax.-(Received January 17, 1939.)**\n\n(No. 968.)\n\nHIS Majesty's Ambassador at Shanghai presents his compliments to His Majesty's Principal Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and has the honour to transmit to him a copy of despatch No. 110 from His Majesty's Consul-General, Shanghai, dated the 10th November, 1938, respecting the Japanese occupation of Hankow.\n\nShanghai, November 24, 1938.\n\n### Enclosure\n\n(No. 110.) Sir,\n\nActing Consul-General Whitamore to Sir A. Clark Kerr.\n\nHankow, November 10, 1938.\n\nTHE scenes of loyalty to the generalissimo and of genuine if subdued elation which attended the Double Tenth Celebration gave no indication that the occupation of Hankow by the Japanese would be completed in little over a fortnight. Soon after the middle of the month, however, it had become evident to intelligent Chinese in Hankow that the fall of the city could no longer be delayed and the impetus of evacuation along the western road to Shasi was greatly augmented. Looking back, it is possible to analyse the factors which played their part in the Chinese decision to evacuate Hankow. The chief consideration was undoubtedly strategic, a tactical retreat to escape the Japanese encircling movement which had reached the Ping-Han Railway at Hsinyang and threatened in the Hsienning area to cut railway communication with Changsha and the south-west. It was noticeable that comparatively few troops passed through Hankow in their retreat to Changsha and the Han River and the ultimate intention was apparently to leave the path to Hankow completely clear of troops, so that the main body of the invading force, concentrating on Wuhan as its objective, would leave time for a Chinese withdrawal on predetermined lines; there is good reason to believe that the plan has been successfully carried out. It had in fact been evident to observers for some weeks back that the much-vaunted last-ditch defence of Hankow had become little more than a slogan repeated to sustain the morale of the townsfolk by giving the impression of a united body of resistance and as an encouragement to the soldiers defending the Yangtze front: the speedy loss of Canton and the conviction that the Japanese victory in the south had been secured by bribery had consequently a most damaging effect on morale in Hankow and undoubtedly accelerated the abandonment of the city's defences. Meanwhile, the tact and perseverance of Father Jacquinot and the Safety Zone Committee had been instrumental in convincing Mme. Chiang Kai-shek of the merits of a scheme which involved the demilitarisation of the entire ex-Concession area and, in accepting the plans for a safety zone, the Chinese command were thus enabled to make a virtue of what was already considered a necessity. In an address to journalists on the 25th October Mr. Hollington Tong put the Chinese case for evacuation by emphasising the need for the Chinese army to take the initiative in withdrawing their most valuable troops from an area which had no longer any military significance in order to continue their policy of wearing down the enemy by prolonged warfare (see enclosure No. 1).\n\n2. Formal approval was given by the Chinese Government on the 23rd October to the establishment in the Hankow ex-Concession area of a refugee zone...\n\n[508 r-2]\n\n238\n\n129",
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    {
        "id": 564463,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "page_number": 46,
        "title": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "content_text": "# Increased Duties\n\n\"So much for the expenditure estimates in the ordinary budget, which will be more fully explained by the Honourable the Financial Secretary in his speech this afternoon and in the memorandum prepared by him. On the Revenue side there are considerable alterations to be made, but these do not appear in the printed volume. The most important of them are the increases in duties on petrol and alcoholic liquors which have a dual purpose, viz., to raise more revenue and to effectuate the policy of conserving sterling exchange: the others implement certain recommendations of the Taxation Committee and I will leave it to my Honourable friend to state their nature.\n\n\"The estimated financial outcome of what I have called the ordinary budget is a small surplus. That expectation is due partly to the additional revenue from the sources just mentioned and partly to the transfer of certain appropriate expenses to the defence budget. If, however, during the fifteen month period which the estimates cover it appears that a deficit is probable it should not be difficult to curtail expenditure, and especially capital expenditure, sufficiently to avoid that result.\n\n## Income Tax Proposed\n\n\"I come now to the defence budget, by means of which Hongkong will make its contribution towards the prosecution of the war against Germany. That contribution may take one of two forms, the first being the meeting from our own pockets of such additional local expenditure as the situation may demand for volunteer naval, military and air defences and other war services; the other, free gifts in cash or in kind to His Majesty's Government towards its aim viz. the defeat of the enemy.\n\n\"The former of these has its natural limitations and not wide ones at that: but I trust that not only every member of this House but also every citizen of this Colony will agree that there should be no limit upon the aid that we should give to His Majesty's Government other than our ultimate ability to pay. Quite obviously in this lightly taxed community that limit lies at a great distance and could not be reached through existing revenue channels.\n\n\"It is therefore necessary to create new means and Government has decided that an Income Tax is by far the most suitable. Steps will therefore be taken at once to draft the necessary legislation and to bring into being the necessary machinery. My hope is that within six months that machinery will be at work. Plans are not far enough advanced as yet for any detailed description, but in order to prevent unnecessary alarm I will say that it is not intended at the initial stage to prescribe very high rates of tax.\n\n\"Attention has also been given to the question of taxing Excess Profits. There may plainly be justification for such a measure in due course, but I feel—and I know that my Honourable friend agrees with me—that we had better tackle the Income Tax problem first and, when that has been done, take up again the matter of Excess Profits Duty.\n\n### Two-Fold Duty\n\n\"Hon. Members, This address is, of course, intended to do no more than outline the principles in accordance with which this Colony's financial policy for the near future is being framed and the Honourable the Financial Secretary will, this afternoon, explain the Government's proposals in ampler measure. I have tried to put before you the twofold duty which rests upon this Legislature at this juncture.\n\n\"On the one hand we are responsible for the proper care, a phrase which includes improvement, of this small but important part of His Majesty's Empire and it is especially incumbent upon us to maintain and, as far as we can extend, the Colony's social services, particularly public health and education: you will find increased provision in the ordinary budget under both those heads.\n\n\"On the other hand it is our duty as well as in our interest to give all that we can to help His Majesty's Government in the great struggle in which the Empire is engaged. The task of this Government is to find the right balance between these two duties and I confidently hope that you will find yourselves able to endorse the proposals that are about to come before you.\n\n\"Now I do not wish to be thought to make light of the burden which they will lay upon the shoulders of the taxpayers of Hongkong. The Income Tax, even at the relatively low basic rate of two shillings in the pound, must inevitably give a shock to the social and commercial structures of the Colony, and considerable adjustment will be necessary in order to absorb that shock. Nevertheless I am fully confident that they will no more shirk their duty where their money is concerned than they have in offering their services, and if necessary their lives, in Britain's cause.\"\n\n46",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940.txt",
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    {
        "id": 564608,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "page_number": 191,
        "title": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "content_text": "134 \n\n# HONG KONG LEGISLATIVE COUNCIL\n\nUnessential goods would deflect men, materials, and shipping from war purposes. In this connexion, I may say that I had already given orders that work on my successor's new house should be stopped before this wise advice was received!\n\nSo much for the expenditure estimates in the ordinary budget, which will be more fully explained by the Honourable the Financial Secretary in his speech this afternoon and in the memorandum prepared by him. On the Revenue side, there are considerable alterations to be made, but these do not appear in the printed volume. The most important of them are the increases in duties on petrol and alcoholic liquors, which have a dual purpose, viz., to raise more revenue and to effectuate the policy of conserving sterling exchange; the others implement certain recommendations of the Taxation Committee, and I will leave it to my Honourable friend to state their nature.\n\nThe estimated financial outcome of what I have called the ordinary budget is a small surplus. That expectation is due partly to the additional revenue from the sources just mentioned and partly to the transfer of certain appropriate expenses to the defence budget. If, however, during the fifteen-month period which the estimates cover, it appears that a deficit is probable, it should not be difficult to curtail expenditure, and especially capital expenditure, sufficiently to avoid that result.\n\nI come now to the defence budget, by means of which Hong Kong will make its contribution towards the prosecution of the war against Germany. That contribution may take one of two forms, the first being the meeting from our own pockets of such additional local expenditure as the situation may demand for volunteer naval, military, and air defences and other war services; the other, free gifts in cash or in kind to His Majesty's Government towards its aim, viz., the defeat of the enemy.\n\nThe former of these has its natural limitations, and not wide ones at that; but I trust that not only every member of this House but also every citizen of this Colony will agree that there should be no limit upon the aid that we should give to His Majesty's Government other than our ultimate ability to pay. Quite obviously, in this lightly taxed community, that limit lies at a great distance and could not be reached through existing revenue channels. It is therefore necessary to create new means, and Government has decided that an Income Tax is by far the most suitable. Steps will therefore be taken at once to draft the necessary legislation and to bring into being the necessary machinery. My hope is that within six months that machinery will be at work. Plans are not far enough advanced as yet for any detailed description, but in order to prevent unnecessary alarm, I will say that it is not intended at the initial stage to prescribe very high rates of tax.\n\nAttention has also been given to the question of taxing Excess Profits. There may plainly be justification for such a measure in due course, but I feel—and I know that my Honourable friend agrees...",
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    {
        "id": 564670,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "page_number": 253,
        "title": "CO129-576-10 Estimates 1940 6-10-1939 - 22-10-1940",
        "content_text": "# Hongkong's Future\n\nI say Great Britain; but I have no doubt that honourable members feel that Hongkong's future is as much concerned with the outcome of the struggle as is the United Kingdom itself.\n\nI suggested that that contribution might have two objectives, firstly to cover our expenditure on local defence and other expenditure caused by the war, and secondly to provide, according to our means, a free gift to His Majesty's Government in aid of the prosecution of the war against Germany. I also suggested that that gift might consist either of cash or kind or both.\n\nIn setting that idea before the Council I had in mind, as I have firmly still, the thought that it is the duty of this Colony to help to bear the Empire's burden to the utmost of its power, even though that utmost would be, monetarily speaking, as insignificant as was the Widow's Mite; and, secondly, I considered, as I personally still consider, that an income tax was the best means of collecting that contribution.\n\n## Masterly Reply\n\nAs the honourable the Financial Secretary has said, when that proposal was made public we were not without good reason for believing that an Income Tax levied for the purposes which I have mentioned would be accepted generally by the people of the Colony as appropriate at this juncture.\n\nI could not, if I would, add anything of value to the masterly reply which the honourable Mr. Caine has made to the principal objections which have been raised to the introduction of Income Tax: he has shown that some of the apprehensions which the announcement of Government's proposals has roused have been unduly magnified and that others have no foundation in fact.\n\nI feel quite sure that most, if not all, of the opposing arguments adduced here have found voice in every country where Income Tax has been mooted.\n\nSo far as administrative difficulties are concerned, I have it on the authority of the Secretary of State that we should not be deterred by fears on that ground, for experience has shown in many Colonies these can be successfully overcome; and it may be of interest to Members to know that, apart from the Dominions, Income Tax is already part of the financial structure of fifteen British Colonies, while several others contemplate its introduction.\n\n## Amount of Contribution\n\nBut although I do not propose to add to or to reiterate the points made by the Honourable the Financial Secretary, there are one or two aspects of the matter on which I have a word to say. Firstly as to the amount that the Colony should contribute, for I note that every member here supports in one degree or another the making of such a contribution. In this connection I wish to dispose of an apparently widespread delusion that Government has determined to raise a war budget revenue of $10,000,000 per annum, or of any other pre-determined sum.\n\nNo such statement has ever been made by a Government officer; presumably the error took its rise from too hasty a reading of a few paragraphs of the honourable the Financial Secretary's speech in this Council on October 12, which appear on page 143 of this year's records.\n\nAs he made clear in mentioning that figure, it was no more than a guess-work estimate by the Taxation Committee of what might be the outcome of a two-shilling income tax, and that guess included, of course, the large amount which would have been transferred from the Home Government Income Tax revenue to the Hongkong Treasury.\n\n### Two Shillings Tax\n\nTwo shillings was regarded by Government as a reasonable standard rate for an Income Tax here, should one be imposed, and so it came about that the ten million figure was mentioned. I recognize the motive which has prompted the honourable and learned member, Sir Henry Pollock, to propose the very handsome sum of three million dollars as a maximum for the Colony's contribution; but, in the absence of any real information about the Colony's aggregate income and until the means of raising the contribution have been settled, I think it wiser at this stage to leave the question of amount at the honourable Mr. Lo's definition, which he expressed as follows:\n\n\"As we are all agreed that the Colony should make the best contribution of which it is capable, the problem confronting this Council resolves itself to one of finding the best means of raising the money.\"\n\n## False Impression\n\nWhile on this subject I would observe that there has been an assumption in several quarters that Government's intention has been that Hongkong's contribution to His Majesty's Government would necessarily take the form of a monetary gift sent from here to London. Such is not the case and I take such blame as the false impression deserves for not being more specific in my first utterance on the subject. Rather, what I had in mind—and similar suggestions have appeared in the local Press—was the construction at our expense and in our yards of vessels for the Royal Navy, such as mine-sweepers, or two of which would make a very valuable addition to our defences here and others, no doubt, could usefully be employed elsewhere: alternatively, our contribution might be towards the Royal Air Force.\n\n## Method of Obtaining Funds\n\nSecondly, as to the method of obtaining funds for our purpose. I frankly confess to surprise that so many Members of this Council and responsible bodies outside the Council should have been ready to express themselves so definitely on this very complex question of Income Tax not only in the face of the findings of an expert committee but even without waiting to see the Government's actual proposals in detail or hearing any exposition of the case.\n\nHowever, that exposition has now been given, and given by one who is master of his subject; and there is, moreover, no vote to be cast on the issue at the present time, so no boats have been burned as yet.\n\nI have said that I would not go over the ground trodden by the honourable the Financial Secretary and I do not wish to elaborate the case for income tax to-day; but I wish to make two or three points in connection with the proposals outlined by myself on October 12. The first I have made already. What Government has in contemplation is a free gift to His Majesty's Government while engaged in a life and death struggle: it would be utterly illogical, to say the least of it, to describe as free a gift wrung from an unwilling community by the use of the official majority in this Council; no such thought has ever entered my mind.\n\n### Committee's Conclusion\n\nDoubt has been thrown this afternoon upon the actual conclusion to which the Taxation Committee came in respect of Income Tax. After detailing the arguments against and for such a measure they reported as follows:\n\nOur conclusion is that the advantages of an efficiently administered Income Tax over other forms are overwhelming from the point of view of equity, and that, if it be considered that the tax is capable of successful administration in the Colony, it should be imposed as soon as additional revenue on a substantial scale becomes a necessity. In view, however, of the undoubted force of many arguments opposing the introduction of the tax locally, we must qualify our recommendation in five ways.\n\n| Clause | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a) | We must not be taken as expressing the opinion that such substantial extra revenue is actually necessary; in so far as more revenue is needed owing to the growth of the Colony that very growth is likely automatically to increase the revenue, while it is outside our province to consider how far it may be needed to finance new or improved services. |\n| (b) | The possibility of the successful working of the tax should first be the subject of a detailed investigation with the assistance of an expert, preferably familiar with the collection of the tax in an Eastern country. |\n| (c) | The imposition of the tax involves a new departure in fiscal policy. We assume that it would not be passed through Council by the use of the official majority and that Unofficial Members of Council will expect to receive, before agreeing to the imposition, some indication of the heads of expenditure to which its yield will be applied. |\n| (d) | We feel that it would be unwise to impose a tax of this nature until a substantial body of opinion in the Colony believes that the tax can be levied fairly and efficiently. |\n| (e) | The imposition of Income Tax should to some extent be compensated for by the remission of other forms of taxation. |\n\n### Automatic Repeal\n\nThe second and third points deal with certain objections which have been against the imposition of an Income Tax. Of these one is that, once established on the plea of the necessity of war, the tax would remain in peace time. To that I would rejoin that if eventually it is agreed that an Income Tax Bill for purposes should be introduced I should have no objection to the inclusion of a clause which would effect an automatic repeal of the measure at some stated time, for example, at the end of the financial year next after the conclusion of peace. The other objection is of smaller calibre, though I believe that it is very potent: it is the fear that Income Tax procedure is necessarily inquisitorial to a high degree and that the business secrets of merchants and manufacturers would thus become the prey of either their competitors or of blackmailers. But that is not so: the honest taxpayer...",
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    {
        "id": 565296,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-577-6 Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force- training establishment 28-2-1939 - 28-2-1939",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-577-6 Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force- training establishment 28-2-1939 - 28-2-1939",
        "content_text": "## 2.\n\nIs it recommended that $50,000 be expended in reconditioning the hull?\n\nIn view of (1) the reply is in the negative. It is not considered that money to recondition an old hull is well spent or justified.\n\n## 3.\n\nWhat are the Force's requirements as regards Headquarters?\n\nThe Committee consider the following necessary:-\n\nA Drill-Hall with parade ground adjacent, lecture rooms, wardroom, crews' quarters and accommodation for European Warrant Officer Instructors and native maintenance staff. These quarters could possibly provide accommodation in war.\n\n## 4.\n\nSuitable sites for Shore-Headquarters.\n\nIt was agreed that housing within or about His Majesty's Naval Yard was desirable and that housing on the waterfront was necessary. The Commodore stated that there was no room in the present Dockyard establishments.\n\nSeveral sites were suggested and discussed in relation to suitability but on the subject of availability the Committee could offer no opinion. Three sites offer possibilities and these are given in order of precedence:-\n\n(i) Old Arsenal Yard Site (Arsenal St. and Gloucester Rd.)\n\nThe Committee consider that this site offers the best facilities and advantages as it has a sea wall in front and is in a central position and adjacent to the Dockyard. It is known that the re-acquisition of this site is under consideration by the Admiralty but it is not known whether the Naval Volunteer requirements could be included therein should it be obtained. The Commodore stated that he was extremely doubtful if such would be the case. However the Advisory Committee wish to record, irrespective of Admiralty requirements, their choice of this site as the most favourable.\n\n(ii) The Victoria Recreation Club Site.\n\nIt was suggested to the Committee that this site and building might under certain conditions, become available. It is not known whether the existing buildings are suitable but the site is an attractive one adjoining, as it does, the Naval Yard. It is possible that the Naval Parade Ground could be made available for drills.\n\n(iii) Kellett Island.\n\nThere are certain advantages to be gained owing to the adjacence of the Yacht Club, but at present space is insufficient and a causeway and certain reclamation would probably be necessary.\n\n## 5.\n\nConsideration was then given to the natural development and future of the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force.\n\nIt is necessary that a sea-going tender be provided in which all branches of the local inner sea defences be exercised concurrently as they would in time of war and also in order that there be a practical outlet for the theoretical training already undergone. It is realised that the provision of such a ship will involve considerable capital expenditure and annual outlay in running expenses and upkeep, which will fall heavily on the Hong Kong Colonial Budget.\n\nThe Committee then considered ways and means in support of their recommendations and it is desired to draw attention to the following fact.\n\n**Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve Status**, about to be granted to Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force, would in effect place at the disposal of the Imperial Government for general service a body of trained officers and men the expense of whose training and equipping had been borne by the Hong Kong Government without contribution from the Imperial Government.\n\nIn 1936 when **Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve** status was granted to Straits Settlements Naval Volunteer Reserve the Imperial Government, through the Admiralty, provided a sum of Straits $200,000 (approximately £25,000) with which two launches were built in Singapore and handed over on loan to the Government of the Straits Settlements for the training of the Straits Settlements Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve. It is understood that the recommendation was made in the first place by Admiral Sir Frederick Dreyer, then Naval Commander-in-Chief.\n\nThe expense of upkeep of the two launches is a Straits Settlements Government commitment.\n\nMy Committee recommends that the Naval Commander-in-Chief, Vice Admiral Sir Percy Noble, K.C.B., C.V.O. be approached to propose to the Admiralty that financial assistance be given to the Hong Kong Naval Volunteer Force in a manner equivalent to that given to the Straits Settlements and in keeping with the pressing requirements to which Your Excellency's attention has been drawn.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nYour Excellency's obedient servant,\n\nSigned: E.B.C. Dicken.\n\n**COMMODORE**.\n\nPage 11",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-582-7 Taxation 6-6-1939 - 5-2-1940",
        "page_number": 62,
        "title": "CO129-582-7 Taxation 6-6-1939 - 5-2-1940",
        "content_text": "Hongkong's Future\n\nI say Great Britain; but I have no doubt that honourable members realise that Hongkong's future is as deeply concerned with the outcome of that struggle as is the United Kingdom itself.\n\nI suggested that that contribution might have two objectives, firstly to cover our expenditure and other expenditure caused locally by the war, and secondly to provide, according to our means, a free gift to His Majesty's Government in aid of the prosecution of the war against Germany. I also suggested that that gift might consist either of cash or kind or both.\n\nIn setting that idea before Council I had in mind, as I have still, the thought that it is the duty of this Colony to help to bear the Empire's burden to the utmost of its power, even though that utmost would be, monetarily speaking, as insignificant as was the Widow's Mite; and, secondly, I considered, as I personally still consider, that an income tax was the best means of collecting that contribution.\n\nMasterly Reply\n\nAs the honourable the Financial Secretary has said, when that proposal was made public we were not without good reason for believing that an Income Tax levied for the purposes which I have mentioned would be accepted generally by the people of the Colony as appropriate at this juncture.\n\nI could not, if I would, add anything of value to the masterly reply which the honourable Mr. Caine has made to the principal objections which have been raised to the introduction of Income Tax: he has shown that some of the apprehensions which the announcement of Government's proposals has roused have been unduly magnified and that others have no foundation in fact.\n\nI feel quite sure that most, if not all, of the opposing arguments adduced here have found voice in every country where Income Tax has been mooted.\n\nSo far as administrative difficulties are concerned, I have it on the authority of the Secretary of State that we should not be deterred by fears on that ground, for experience has shown in many Colonies that these can be successfully overcome; and it may be of interest to Members to know that, apart from the Dominions, Income Tax is already part of the financial structure of fifteen British Colonies, while several others contemplate its introduction.\n\nAmount of Contribution\n\nBut although I do not propose to add to or to reiterate the points made by the Honourable the Financial Secretary, there are one or two aspects of the matter on which I have a word to say. Firstly as to the amount that the Colony should contribute, for I note that every member here supports in one degree or another the making of such a contribution. In this connection I wish to dispose of an apparently widespread delusion that Government has determined to raise war budget revenue of $10,000,000 per annum, or of any other pre-determined sum.\n\nNo such statement has ever been made by a Government officer; presumably the error took its rise from too hasty a reading of a few paragraphs of the honourable the Financial Secretary's speech in this Council on October 12, which appear on page 143 of this year's records.\n\nAs he made clear in mentioning that figure, it was no more than a guess-work estimate by the Taxation Committee of what might be the outcome of a two-shilling income tax, and that guess included, of course, the large amount which would have been transferred from the Home Government Income Tax revenue to the Hongkong Treasury.\n\nTwo Shillings Tax\n\nTwo shillings was regarded by Government as a reasonable standard rate for an Income Tax here, should one be imposed, and so it came about that the ten million figure was mentioned. I recognize the motive which has prompted the honourable and learned member, Sir Henry Pollock, to propose the very handsome sum of three million dollars as a maximum for the Colony's contribution; but, in the absence of any real information about the Colony's aggregate income and until the means of raising the contribution have been settled, I think it wiser at this stage to leave the question of amount at the honourable Mr. Lo's definition, which he expressed as follows:\n\n\"As we are all agreed that the Colony should make the best contribution of which it is capable, the problem confronting this Council resolves itself to one of finding the best means of raising the money.\"\n\nFalse Impression\n\nWhile on this subject I would observe that there has been an assumption in several quarters that Government's intention has been that Hongkong's contribution to His Majesty's Government would necessarily take the form of a monetary gift sent from here to London. Such is not the case and I take such blame as the false impression deserves for not being more specific in my first utterance on the subject. Rather, what I had in mind—and similar suggestions have appeared in the local Press—was the construction at our expense and in our yards of vessels for the Royal Navy, such as mine-sweepers, one or two of which would make a very valuable addition to our defences here and others, no doubt, could usefully be employed elsewhere: alternatively, our contribution might be towards the Royal Air Force.\n\nMethod of Obtaining Funds\n\nSecondly, as to the method of obtaining funds for our purpose. I frankly confess to surprise that so many Members of this Council and responsible bodies outside the Council should have been ready to express themselves so definitely on this very complex question of Income Tax not only in the face of the findings of an expert committee but even without waiting to see the Government's actual proposals in detail or hearing any exposition of the case.\n\nHowever, that exposition has now been given, and given by one who is master of his subject; and there is, moreover, no vote to be cast on the issue at the present time, so no boats have been burned as yet.\n\nI have said that I would not go over the ground trodden by the honourable the Financial Secretary and I do not wish to elaborate the case for income tax to-day; but I wish to make two or three points in connection with the proposals outlined by myself on October 12. The first I have made already. What Government has in contemplation is a free gift to His Majesty's Government while engaged in a life and death struggle: it would be utterly illogical, to say the least of it, to describe as free a gift wrung from an unwilling community by the use of the official majority in this Council; no such thought has ever entered my mind.\n\nCommittee's Conclusion\n\nDoubt has been thrown this afternoon upon the actual conclusion to which the Taxation Committee came in respect of Income Tax. After detailing the arguments against and for such a measure they reported as follows:\n\nOur conclusion is that the advantages of an efficiently administered Income Tax over other forms are overwhelming from the point of view of equity, and that, if it be considered that the tax is capable of successful administration in the Colony, it should be imposed as soon as additional revenue on a substantial scale becomes a necessity. In view, however, of the undoubted force of many arguments opposing the introduction of the tax locally, we must qualify our recommendation in five ways.\n\n(a) We must not be taken as expressing the opinion that such substantial extra revenue is actually necessary; in so far as more revenue is needed owing to the growth of the Colony that very growth is likely automatically to increase the revenue, while it is outside our province to consider how far it may be needed to finance new or improved services.\n\n(b) The possibility of the successful working of the tax should first be the subject of a detailed investigation with the assistance of an expert, preferably familiar with the collection of the tax in an Eastern country.\n\n(c) The imposition of the tax involves a new departure in fiscal policy. We assume that it would not be passed through Council by the use of the official majority and that Unofficial Members of Council will expect to receive, before agreeing to the imposition, some indication of the heads of expenditure to which its yield will be applied.\n\n(d) We feel that it would be unwise to impose a tax of this nature until a substantial body of opinion in the Colony believes that the tax can be levied fairly and efficiently.\n\n(e) The imposition of Income Tax should to some extent be compensated for by the remission of other forms of taxation.\n\nAutomatic Repeal\n\nThe second and third points deal with certain objections which have been against the imposition of an Income Tax. Of these one is that, once established on the plea of the necessity of war, the tax would remain in peace time. To that I would rejoin that if eventually it is agreed that an Income Tax Bill for purposes should be introduced I should have no objection to the inclusion of a clause which would effect an automatic repeal of the measure at some stated time, for example, at the end of the financial year next after the conclusion of peace. The other objection is of smaller calibre, though I believe that it is very potent: it is the fear that Income Tax procedure is necessarily inquisitorial to a high degree and that the business secrets of merchants and manufacturers would thus become the prey of either their competitors or of blackmailers. But that is not so: the honest taxpayer…\n\nPage 62",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-582-7 Taxation 6-6-1939 - 5-2-1940",
        "page_number": 118,
        "title": "CO129-582-7 Taxation 6-6-1939 - 5-2-1940",
        "content_text": "2 \n\n- \n\ncounsel was that, subject to two provisos of which I will make mention later, there should be as little disturbance as possible with the Colony's current activities and developmental schemes, so long as revenue to finance them would be forthcoming. In particular the desire was expressed that existing social services and approved plans for their extension should continue as far as was possible; furthermore any marked retrenchment in the Civil Service was deprecated unless and until we were advised by him so to act.\n\nIt will be agreed, I think, that this confident policy, which unquestionably reflects that of His Majesty's Government, is very heartening at such a time as the present.\n\nThe Secretary of State's two provisos, which I mentioned just now as being conditions to be observed in framing the estimates, dealt with the following points. Firstly, the great importance of conserving the exchange resources of Great Britain through control over the purchase and export of foreign currencies and of those British currencies which are not on a sterling footing. Hong Kong's procedure in this respect, it was found, could not be quite on all fours with that of other British Colonies because of the predominating importance of our entrepot trade, and special treatment of the problem was therefore permitted to us. I have asked the Honourable the Financial Secretary to give the Council a connected account of the measures taken by Government with this end in view, and I myself shall have a further word to say on this subject when speaking of the revenue estimates. The second point on which the Secretary of State expressed a proviso was the avoidance of expenditure which, by creating a demand for unessential goods would deflect men, materials and shipping from war purposes. In this connexion I may say that I had already given orders that work on my successor's new house should be stopped before this wise advice was received!\n\nSo much for the expenditure estimates in the ordinary budget, which will be more fully explained by the Honourable the Financial Secretary in his speech this afternoon and in the memorandum prepared by him. On the Revenue side there are considerable alterations to be made, but these do not appear in the printed volume. The most important of them are the increases in duties on petrol and alcoholic liquors which have a dual purpose, viz., to raise more revenue and to effectuate the policy of conserving sterling exchange and to implement certain recommendations of the Taxation Committee and I will leave it to my Honourable friend to state their nature.\n\nThe estimated financial outcome of what I have called the ordinary budget is a small surplus. That expectation is due partly to the additional revenue from the sources just mentioned and partly to the transfer of certain appropriate expenses to the defence budget. If, however, during the fifteen month period which the estimates cover it appears that a deficit is probable it should not be difficult to curtail expenditure, and especially capital expenditure, sufficiently to avoid that result.\n\nI come now to the defence budget, by means of which Hong Kong will make its contribution towards the prosecution of the war against Germany. That contribution may take one of two forms, the first being the meeting from our own pockets of such additional local expenditure as the situation may demand for volunteer naval, military and air defences and other war services; the other, free gifts in cash or in kind to His Majesty's Government towards its aim viz. the defeat of the enemy. The former of these has its natural limitations and not wide ones at that but I trust that not only every member of this House but also every citizen of this Colony will agree that there should be no limit upon the aid that we should give to His Majesty's Government other than our ultimate ability to pay. Quite obviously in this lightly taxed community that limit lies at a great distance and could not be reached through existing revenue channels. It is therefore necessary to create new means and Government has decided that an Income Tax is by far the most suitable. Steps will therefore be taken at once to draft the necessary legislation and to bring into being the necessary machinery. My hope is that within six months that machinery will be at work. Plans are not far enough advanced as yet for any detailed description, but in order to prevent unnecessary alarm I will say that it is not intended at the initial stage to prescribe very high rates of tax.\n\nAttention has also been given to the question of taxing Excess Profits. There may plainly be justification for such a measure in due course, but I feel and I know that my Honourable friend agrees with me that we had better tackle the Income Tax problem first and, when that has been done, take up again the matter of Excess Profits Duty.\n\nHONOURABLE MEMBERS,\n\nThis address is, of course, intended to do no more than outline the principles in accordance with which this Colony's financial policy for the near future is being framed and the Honourable the Financial Secretary will, this afternoon, explain the Government's proposals in ampler measure. I have tried to put before you the twofold duty which rests upon this Legislature at this juncture. On the one hand we are responsible for the proper care, a phrase which includes improvement, of this small but important part of His Majesty's Empire and it is especially incumbent upon us to maintain and, as far as we can extend, the Colony's social services, particularly public health and education you will find increased provision in the ordinary budget under both those heads. On the other hand it is our duty as well as in our interest to give all that we can to help His Majesty's Government in the great struggle in which the Empire is engaged. The task of this Government is to find the right balance between these two duties and I confidently hope that you will find yourselves able to endorse the proposals that are now about to come before you. I do not wish to be thought to make light of the burden which they will lay upon the shoulders of the taxpayers of Hong Kong. The Income Tax, even at the relatively low basic rate of two shillings in the pound, must inevitably give a shock to the social and commercial structures of the Colony, and considerable adjustment will be necessary in order to absorb that shock. Nevertheless I am fully confident that they will no more shirk their duty where their money is concerned than they have in offering their services, and if necessary their lives, in Britain's cause.\n\nI now commend the business of the meeting to your consideration.\n\n12th October, 1939.\n\nG. A. S. NORTHCOTE, Governor.\n\n149",
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-587-15 Excess Population Reduction Committee Report- Chinese Immigration Bill 1-10-1940 - 6-1-1941",
        "page_number": 54,
        "title": "CO129-587-15 Excess Population Reduction Committee Report- Chinese Immigration Bill 1-10-1940 - 6-1-1941",
        "content_text": "## 5 \nSince then the events in South China have so increased the normal influx and expansion that, whilst certain more conservative authorities estimate the present population at between 1,750,000 and 1,800,000, others who base their calculation on consumption of rice put it down at well over 2,000,000, though that is probably an over-estimate; whilst police returns relating to the excess of arrivals over departures by steamer indicate that the total is increasing at a rate of about 300 a day. The Director of Medical Services reports that \"the overcrowding in the Tung Wah group of hospitals has reached nightmare proportions.\" Thousands of refugees are congregated in various camps established by the Government or under Government auspices. Not by any means all the refugees in the Colony are penniless, some indeed are very wealthy, others relatively so and able to pay, and those with money have so over-crowded available accommodation that the Colony's own workers have been either crowded out of, or forced to live under over-crowded conditions in, their homes, paying more than they can afford for the barest necessities of life. Many unable to find shelter crowd and beg in the streets, raid plantations for fuel to burn or sell and squat or erect hovels and rain screens on the hillsides and in open spaces in undrained urban areas under sanitary conditions which can only be described as a ghastly menace to public health. These persons overflow everywhere and seriously hamper the military authorities in connexion with the defences, which in this fortress Colony are doubly necessary now that the Colony as well as the surrounding areas are involved in war.\n\n## 6 \nWhilst the members of this Committee have the utmost sympathy for the sufferings of refugees who have no roots here, the conditions outlined above have convinced them that unless these conditions are altered by a check on the inflow and by a reduction of many new or recent arrivals any attempt to enforce the sanitary and over-crowding provisions of the Public Health Ordinances or to secure to the population the necessary reserves of food for its protection if attacked is met by insuperable difficulties.\n\n## 7 \nThe Committee have considered and discussed with experts on passenger traffic the institution of a quota system for immigrants such as obtains in other countries where immigration has had to be controlled. In the light of the advice tendered to them by such experts the Committee has decided that a system of entry on passport, travel document or other form of entry permit will be more suitable to the needs of the Colony's trade and the health of its established residents than a quota system under which a legitimate trader or other person with prior claims would have to take his chance of entry equally with one whose only claim to enter was his state of misery or his state of fear.\n\n## 8 \nThe Committee have not gone into the question of the removal of those who could not be maintained if unfortunately the Colony should be besieged as that would be outside their terms of reference; but, acting strictly within such terms, the Committee consider that in order \"to reduce the excess population of the Colony and to secure that the immigration of further persons is properly controlled\" immigration to the Colony should be vigorously restricted and the following steps should be taken :-\n\n(1) The suspension of paragraph (b) of section 7 of the Immigration and Passports Ordinance No. 8 of 1934, as amended by Government Notification No. 933 of 1939, and the addition to section 8 of that Ordinance of a proviso under which a \"Bona fide Hong Kong Resident\" certificate of identity, with photograph irremovably attached, or a \"special entry\" pass or landing card issued by or under the authority of the Commissioner of Police will be accepted as a valid passport or travel document under that section.\n\n(2) The establishment of points of entry, both on the land frontier and the Colony's coasts, at which alone entry will be permitted, and then only to the holders of valid passports or travel documents or such certificates or entry passes as aforesaid. To cover the case of persons entitled to",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-587-15 Excess Population Reduction Committee Report- Chinese Immigration Bill 1-10-1940 - 6-1-1941.txt",
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    {
        "id": 575963,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "page_number": 116,
        "title": "CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943",
        "content_text": "14\n\nand had discussed with him at large the situation there. General Crerar was, in consequence, already aware, when the telegram of September 19, was received, that in the opinion of that officer the reinforcement of the garrison by two battalions would enable them to hold Hong Kong for an extended period against any force the Japanese could bring to bear in an attack. I quote General Crerar's words:-\n\nSo far as the general military situation at Hong Kong and the prospective problem of its defence against attack were concerned, I had had long discussions in Ottawa, in July or August, 1941, with Major-General Grasett, who was passing through Canada on returning to the United Kingdom and who, until that time, had been Commander-in-Chief, China Command (Hong Kong). Major-General Grasett had filled the appointment of Commander-in-Chief at Hong Kong for some two years, and until his departure for the United Kingdom had been responsible for the organization of the defences. In his verbal appreciation of the military situation confronting the Hong Kong garrison in the event of war with Japan, Major-General Grasett informed me during our conversation that the addition of two or more battalions to the forces then at Hong Kong would render the garrison strong enough to withstand for an extensive period of siege an attack by such forces as the Japanese could bring to bear against it. General Crerar proceeds:-\n\nIt is evident that Major-General (now Lieutenant-General) Grasett presented the same views to the War Office and to the Chiefs of Staff Committee on his return to London, that this appreciation of the situation at Hong Kong, with the need for two additional battalions, was accepted in London and that the request to Canada for the provision of these additional troops immediately followed.\n\nIt was with minds actuated by a deep sense of the obligations of Canada in relation to the common cause that the members of the War Committee (The Prime Minister, Hon. T. A. Crerar, Major Power, Mr. Macdonald), as well as the Chief of the General Staff, gave their attention to the proposal of the British Government; and the evidence of Colonel Ralston, Major Power and Mr. Macdonald shows explicitly that to them, and to the War Committee as a whole, the proposal summarized what they regarded as reasons of great weight which, taken together with the broader considerations that are mentioned by them in their evidence, dictated an affirmative answer. They all had in mind, to use Colonel Ralston's phrase, that \"it seemed as if it was Canada's turn to help.\" Colonel Ralston says:-\n\nThat is to say, Australia had been doing a great deal in Libya and elsewhere; the New Zealanders had been in Crete; and the South Africans had been in Abyssinia. I am not sure whether I knew that the Australians had gone to Singapore or not. Then the United States had strengthened their garrisons in the Philippines and that also influenced us in connection with it.\n\nMajor Power says, referring to his consultation with General Crerar:-\n\nAnd I do not think there was ever any question really or any discussion as between General Crerar and myself as to any reason why we should not take it on. It struck me as being the only thing to do, and I suppose it struck General Crerar that way too; at least I took it for granted that it did.\n\nAnd again:-\n\nWell, I thought the United Kingdom authorities had made a pretty good case in their cable and I thought their argument was pretty strong and there was not very much to be said about it. I do not know that I need go over it, except that I should say this, that what did influence me to some extent was: Here were our partners in a great enterprise in the war, saying: 'If you have any men to spare we would be glad to have them'; and in my opinion we had certain unallotted battalions in Canada which could be spared, and I did not see any reason why they should not have them.\n\nMr. Macdonald says:-\n\nI might put it this way, my Lord. I do not think anyone would contemplate in the circumstances of the time a negative answer to the request. I do not think it was thinkable for this country to offer a negative answer to the request of the United Kingdom.\n\nColonel Ralston explains the specific impression made upon his mind by the reading of the telegram:-\n\nI, of course, went over the telegram carefully which was really the basis of the proposal and contained many of the factors which it seemed to me would influence us in acting on it. I noted also that The Chief of the General Staff sees no objection if the Minister approves'; and I noted that my colleagues of the War Committee of the Cabinet were prepared to accede to the proposal but would like my reaction.\n\nI appreciated my colleagues showing me the courtesy of referring the matter to me, and took it immediately into consideration. After reading the telegram I did feel it was a matter that justified attention at once. I noted that they suggested that I should have more time, if I desired, but it seemed to me that the implications of the telegram were that the sooner this matter was decided perhaps the better, having regard to the situation which the expedition was purporting to deal with, and I immediately took it into consideration.\n\nWithout labouring it, the considerations set out in the telegram were very largely the factors which influenced me in connection with it.\n\nI had at the end of the consideration of the telegram this in mind, that the furnishing of one or two battalions would do a great deal more than a force of that size would usually do. It seemed to me from what I knew generally that above all things we needed time, and I had very definitely in my mind, rightly or wrongly, that if Japan did come into the war the United States would be in, too; and I had it definitely in my mind that the United States were none too ready to come in, and anything which would either defer or deter Japan from coming in would be highly desirable from our point of view. It seemed to me that we had an opportunity to make a contribution, perhaps not large in numbers but certainly effective in its results, which we should not disregard.\"\n\nMr. Macdonald says:-\n\nWe were influenced largely by the statements set out in the cable, which were merely a confirmation or repetition, to a very large extent, at any rate, of matters which we were already aware of. We knew, for instance, that it was the desire of the Americans to gain as much time as possible before there should be an outbreak of war with Japan. I knew that the Naval position in the Far East was likely to be strengthened, or was in the process of being strengthened at that time.\n\nQ. Likely to be strengthened?-A. Likely to be and perhaps even at that time was in the process of being strengthened.\n\nQ. Was in the course of being strengthened?-A. Yes, at that time.\n\nQ. Yes.-A. We knew that a good deal of stress was laid in all dealings with Japan on the element of a show of strength, and, generally, I think all matters set out in the cable had already been within our knowledge.\n\n15\n\n122",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-25 Accounts of events leading up to surrender and subsequent treatment of prisoners- etc 23-4-1942 - 28-9-1943.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 579582,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "page_number": 124,
        "title": "CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945",
        "content_text": "SECRET\n\nEXTRACTS FROM WEEKLY INTELLIGENCE REPORT NO:4\n\nFROM\n\nSTAFF OFFICER (INTELLIGENCE) HONGKONG.\n\n24th SEPTEMBER, 1945\n\nBEACH DEFENCES\n\nA recent report in the newspapers stated that a glance at HONGKONG made it clear that the Japanese were determined to put up a stiff fight for the place. This is a most misleading statement. It is true that the hills on the Island are honeycombed with foxholes but beach defences are practically non-existent. No trace of any mining can be found, the only barbed wire is the remains of British defences which have fallen into complete disrepair and, as far as can be seen, there are no gun positions covering possible landing places. The main beach at REPULSE BAY is completely undefended, the only obstacle to be overcome being the complete lack of maintenance of the roads leading away from the beach and the thick undergrowth covering the former sea wall. The roads in the immediate vicinity of the beach are passable but could at present only take a thin stream of traffic due to the undergrowth. With modern equipment, however, it is considered that this can hardly be counted as even a minor obstacle.\n\nThe positions of many foxholes show the Japanese to have been very industrious and remarkably stupid. For instance, two well-constructed holes were found covering a beach in TOLO Harbour which no one would ever have used even for a commando raid.\n\nOwing to lack of transport and shortage of personnel, it has not yet been possible to get a detailed report on all beaches, but it can reasonably be assumed that the above remarks apply to all.\n\nIt has been approved to establish a Joint Intelligence Committee which will have general supervision over all Intelligence and Security within the Colony. The members are expected to be:\n\n  \n    Chairman\n    COLONEL RIDE\n    Army\n  \n  \n    \n    COMMANDER LITTLE\n    Navy\n  \n  \n    Lt.\n    COL. DEVEY\n    Air Force\n  \n  \n    \n    Defence Security Officer\n    Not yet appointed\n  \n  \n    \n    COLONEL SANSOM (Commissioner of Police)\n    Not yet appointed\n  \n  \n    \n    Civil Affairs\n    \n  \n\nThe problem of covering the remainder of the area you have allotted me still remains largely unsolved. It is hoped that transportation to SAIGON may be available in the near future, which will put A/S.O.I. F.I.C. that much further on his way, but there is no officer for Formosa, even should transportation and accreditation be available.\n\nSHIPPING\n\nServices between various ports in the vicinity have started up, if slightly spasmodically, during the last week. These are shown in the enclosed newspaper cuttings.\n\nThe Commander-in-Chief, Admiral FRASER, visited CANTON, travelling by water, during the week, but the full report on his trip is not yet available.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-592-6 Reports on current situation- including weekly intelligence reports 18-9-1945 - 20-12-1945.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 593871,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-616-2 Hong Kong War Memorial Fund (Amendment) Ordinance 1948 6-2-1948 - 16-11-1948",
        "page_number": 33,
        "title": "CO129-616-2 Hong Kong War Memorial Fund (Amendment) Ordinance 1948 6-2-1948 - 16-11-1948",
        "content_text": "# \"Postbridge”, Wongneichong, 19th December, 1941.\n\n1. At dawn on the 19th December, 1941, a party of H.K.R.N.V.R. officers, including myself, were despatched to Mr. Tinson's house, \"Postbridge\" near Wongneichong, on special duty. At that time it was known to us that the Japanese had landed a few hours before, but it was not known whether they had penetrated the Island defences to any depth. As it turned out the Japanese unexpectedly reached Wongneichong at about the same time as we did, and we accordingly took up battle positions in \"Postbridge\" along with a unit of the H.K.R.N.V.R.\n\n2. Mr. Tinson was there, having been granted a few hours' leave from his official A.R.P. duties. He informed us in the course of the day that he had been due to return to duty that morning but had been told by telephone that his own area had been over-run by the enemy, and had then found himself besieged in his own house by the Japanese and unable to report anywhere.\n\n3. He accordingly assumed full A.R.P. duties on the spot throughout the time that we were being shelled, machine-gunned and sniped at by the Japanese from their positions overlooking \"Postbridge\"; bombers flew over us on more than one occasion, but they did not drop anything close. In addition to being exceedingly busy anticipating risks from fire, helping re-organise the house for action stations, sandbagging windows and doors, rendering first aid, etc., Mr. Tinson also took on all commissariat duties and provided us with scratch meals.\n\n4. At 14.00 hrs. whilst he was closing up a window with sandbags he was shot by a Japanese sniper and later died.\n\n5. When the Japanese eventually blasted us out of \"Postbridge\" at 20.30 hours by blowing up the front of the house we had to leave Mr. Tinson's body behind.\n\n(Sgd) J.C. McDouall  \nLieut. H.K.R.N.V.R.  \n7th August, 1948.  \nMember, War Memorial Fund Committee.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-616-2 Hong Kong War Memorial Fund (Amendment) Ordinance 1948 6-2-1948 - 16-11-1948.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
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