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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-008 - Foreign Office - 1844",
        "content_text": "Inclosure I'in despatch 3.1171814146. \n\n#hvodenicalim \n\nMurter at The Ka Pirates who committed the taken to Expters the gang of \n\nstating that mans should \n\nForms Arging \n\nReying, High Qruperial Commisionar, a \n\nMember of the Pomperial Elan, and Governor General of Kwangling \n\nfollowing \n\nAnd \n\nKwangse, ye, Ye, ye, sends the \n\ncommmunication. \n\na n \n\nI received \n\nreport from Chin, the Commandant of Garpans \n\n- dant of Jacpany, in which he observes, that he had received a communication \n\nfrom the Chief Magistrate of Houghing, Porine, to send back Chintal to Honghong who had licer apprehended as one of the robbers and Murderers of the British Soldiers, that the said Criminal might be interrogated by Hon the Honorable Envoy ; whilst Lecretory Gubyloff also stated the above verbally. \n\nIt appears that we at our meeting \n\nboard, discussed this matter with \n\nYou \n\nt \n\nthe honorable Envoy. In the Supplementary Treaty however, it is said, that if British \n\nMerchants \n\nDEX",
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    {
        "id": 224613,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 519,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "94\n\nBRITISH POSITION\n\nRussia, Turkey, Greece, Belgium, Egypt, Persia, and other countries have been benefited by the scientific skill of Europe. Here is a region open to us for the same purpose, far exceeding in value and in extent all those kingdoms put together. If we refuse to avail ourselves\n\nChina by the celebrated Jesuit P. Verbiest, who, by casting cannon (then unknown in China), enabled the Emperor to put down a very formidable rebellion, organized by the famous Chinese general Ou-Sang-Guey, who had been the means of introducing the Tartars into China for the extermination of the rebels, and who now sought to dethrone the Tartar dynasty, and restore the Chinese sovereigns. In a short time, Ou-Sang-Guey made himself master of the provinces of Setchuen, Yunnan, and Kweitehou. His example was followed in the provinces of Canton and Fokien; and Coxinga, a naval co-operator, with a large armament, took possession of Formosa. The rebellion would probably have been successful but for the cannon cast by Verbiest for the Tartars, which they conveyed to the attack on the encampment of Ou-Sang-Guey, and which he was unable to resist. On the death of Verbiest, the Emperor himself wrote the eloge which was read over his grave. The Mahometans had, during 300 years, the direction of the tribunal of mathematics in China, and the preparation of the calendar; but this important duty was taken from them, and vested in the Jesuit Adam Schaal; and they continued to hold this, and other important stations, until their final expulsion from China, after the death of the Emperor Canghi, in his 69th year, A.D. 1722 (20 December) and on the ascent of his third son, Yong-tcheng to the throne at Pekin, who refused to check the persecution of the Christians.\n\nThe Emperor Canghi is described by the Jesuit missionaries as a man having a lofty genius, great penetration, and a faithful memory; with a solid judgment, a sense of right, and a firmness of soul; always master of himself, and capable of forming and of conducting great enterprises. He did not repose upon favourites, but took cognizance of all things, and regulated them himself. He was tender towards his subjects, and never lost sight of judgment and of justice. He studied and acquired the European arts and sciences; and geometry, physics, astronomy, medicine, and anatomy, were successively objects of his careful study. He loved to have the learned Jesuits around him; he esteemed their morals; protected them and their fellow Christians; and had given hopes, that but for his sudden death, he would have openly embraced Christianity.\n\nIn 1620 the Chinese sovereign (Tien-ki) and Government at Pekin, called in the aid of the Christian missionaries, and of the Portuguese, to aid by artillery in repelling the Tartars. This aid was given, and tranquillity was restored at Pekin, to within seven leagues of which city the Tartars had penetrated. In 1628 the Emperor Tien-ki died, and his brother, Hoai-tsong, known also under the name of Tsong-tching, ascended the throne of China.\n\nIn 1636, two leaders or chiefs of plundering banditti, organized a large force, combining all the discontented persons in the empire, as well as all who wished to profit by plunder. They marched towards Pekin, plundering towns, cities, and provinces, and devastating the land with civil war, and the Emperor fearing to fall into their hands, put himself to death. The commandant (Ou-Sang-Guey) of a body of Chinese troops on the frontiers, solicited the aid of the Tartars, to relieve Pekin; this aid was granted by Tsong-te, the Tartar chief, who retook Pekin from the rebels; and as the Chinese Emperor, Hoai-tsong, had committed suicide to prevent falling into the hands of the rebels, the vacant throne was seized by the Tartar general, Tsong-te, who, however, died very soon, and his son, Chuntchi, then only six years of age, was proclaimed Emperor of China by the Tartar garrison of Pekin. The uncle of Chuntchi, named Aniavan, became the guardian of the young prince, who at fourteen years of age ascended the throne, the sovereignty of which was still disputed by the Chinese, particularly in the sea coast and midland provinces. The Tartar troops advanced to Quantong (Canton) and Quangsi provinces, where they took some towns, but were repulsed by two Chinese generals who were Christians. The victorious Chinese declared Yang-tie, who was a prince of the imperial family, emperor, and fixed his court at Chao-king, in the Canton province. The mother of the Chinese emperor, his chief wife, and his eldest son, received the rite of Christian baptism, together with twenty\n\nAND PROSPECTS IN CHINA.\n\n95\n\nof the offer thus benignly vouchsafed to us; if we reject the means of thus benefiting ourselves and myriads of our fellow-creatures, either from apathy, selfishness, miscalled prudence, or erroneous political considerations, the opportunity may never again occur; and that which might have been converted into a source of national strength, of individual good, and of general benefit, may be converted by others, and by different means, into an engine injurious to our own interests, and productive of great and permanent national injury. Are we prepared to run the race of competition with other nations? or, after enjoying duration as a kingdom for upwards of one thousand years, and holding for the greater part of that time the dominant power of the Earth, are we disposed to shrink from the competition and descend in the scale of empires? Other kingdoms and nations are ready to rise, to build, and to strengthen their power on our downfall. We cannot shut our eyes to the fact, that we are envied and feared, rather than trusted and loved, and that if we be not true to ourselves there are none in whom we can trust.\n\nIt has not been by a timid, hesitating, dubious time-serving policy, by a craving after petty immediate gain, by crafty devices, or by subtle intrigues, that a small island in the Western Atlantic has become the mistress of the world—her power seen and felt on every shore, her flag triumphant on every sea.\n\nGreat ends can only be achieved by great means; a nobility of object consecrates the endeavour for its attainment.\n\nIf to pour a quickening life blood into China, to vivify a vast and almost stagnant mass of human beings, and thus incalculably increase our commerce*; if to construct and organize a power on the extreme East, which may eventually counterbalance the gigantic empire which stretches from the Bosphorous to the Arctic circle, from the Baltic to the Pacific; if to diffuse intelligence and science among three hundred millions of people; above all, and before all, to implant the inspiriting doctrines of Christianity over such an immense portion of the globe, that their diffusion would eventually influence all mankind; if to do this\n\nladies of rank at the court. The Chinese empress (baptized Helena Taming), and the other royal Christians, sent a learned missionary (Michael Bagm, a Pole) to Pope Alexander VII., to render obedience to the court of Rome.\n\nThe Chinese dynasty in the southern provinces was but of short duration. Hordes of Tartars poured into China, and three grand armies obliged the Emperor Yang-tie to flee. A sanguinary leader of theirs having overrun the provinces of Honan, Kiangnan, Kiangsi, &c., and committed the most appalling massacres, the peaceful Chinese were glad to accept the Tartar yoke, for the sake of secure enjoyment of their lives. And for two hundred years, 1644 to 1844, the Tartar dynasty has maintained by corruption, by stratagem, and by force, the throne and government of China.\n\n* China has rich mines of gold and silver, but it has also accumulated large quantities of the precious metals from other countries.\n\nIt is computed that 400,000,000 dollars passed from Acapulco to Manila during the 250 years of their intercourse; of this sum it is estimated that one-fourth passed from Manila to China. Since 1784, about 100,000,000 dollars have passed from the United States to China. Siam and Cochin send large quantities of gold and silver in ingots to China. Japan, it is estimated, has poured into China during sixty years of free intercourse, at least 100,000,000. From all other sources during the past century, China has received about 50,000,000. The estimated metallic circulation is equivalent to 500,000,000 dollars.\n\n512",
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    {
        "id": 224619,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "page_number": 525,
        "title": "CO129-018 - Others - 1846",
        "content_text": "122\n\nPOINTS FOR CONSIDERATION\n\nfavourable geographical position, and the proximity of Canton and Macao; it can never be a colony, on account of its small size, rocky, rugged, barren structure, its insalubrious and depressing climate, and incapability of even producing food for its inhabitants for one week, it might be stated for one day, for our establishments, and its thieving piratical, worthless population, the refuse of China; and it cannot be made a fortification (even if England desired a fortification to protect nothing at the very extreme end of the Chinese empire), on account of the singular formation of hills and mountains, one commanding another, by reason of the proximity of the main land and of other islands; and further, from the difficulty, if not impossibility of keeping troops alive in Hong Kong, or, if alive, strong enough for active service: \"it would be absurd to create and maintain a fortress for no object whatever. Even if Chusan be not obtained, there can be no justifiable grounds for incurring the present unnecessarily large civil and military expenditure in Hong Kong.\n\n66\n\n1st. This rock is no protection whatever to the trade of Canton; a stout frigate at Whampoa, and a steamer off the factories at Canton, is a far more efficacious protection for our trade there than any garrison or fleet we could maintain at Hong Kong. The present position of the British representative and merchants at Canton, is in several respects worse than before the war: notwithstanding the large fleet and force we have at Hong Kong, our Consular establishment and merchants are subject to insult and even to violence if they move out of their houses, as recently shown; and in fact there is more freedom and respect for British subjects at any other of the Consular ports than at Canton, from whose city we are still debarred even entrance.\n\nDuring the last three years, there have been frequent disturbances, tumults, and conflagrations affecting the life and property of Europeans, without the Cantonese caring about our position at Hong Kong. The Americans have a trade nearly half the amount of the British at Canton; but they require no island like Hong Kong. The occasional presence of one of their ships of war at Whampoa, is their only and best support and protection. Last year an American brig of war, the \"St. Lewis,\" off Canton, was more effectual in preserving British life and property, than Hong Kong, with a plenipotentiary, general, admiral, two regiments, and four ships of war!\n\n2nd. In the event of another war with China, experience has shown that it may most rapidly and economically be terminated by a naval force; if it were resolved to employ soldiers, they must be sent from India, and any force we could keep at Hong Kong, would be utterly inefficient for any military invasion, or garrisoning of different cities in China, should, unfortunately, such a course be ever again adopted; but a few ships of war and steamers in the Yang-tze-kiang, would dictate peace in China, without even suspending our tea trade at Canton.\n\n3rd. With regard to the protection of Hong Kong, should hostilities ensue with China, a local corps of 500 Malays and the “Minden” 74, moored in the harbour with one tier of heavy guns and a complement of 200 marines and marine artillerymen, would be more than adequate to resist any military or naval force which the whole Government of China could send against Hong Kong. And as regards protection against any foreign power with whom England might hereafter possibly be at war, this barren rock by the above-mentioned force would have far more protection than Singapore, and other of our valuable possessions which have ten times the amount of property ashore and afloat to protect, that Hong Kong is ever likely to possess. There can therefore be no national advantage in expending life and treasure by the maintenance of an European garrison at Hong Kong; and the island being as ill adapted for a commercial emporium or political position, as it is a military garrison, there are no justifiable grounds for the present unnecessarily large Governmental establishments; a lieutenant and colonel commandant, a colonial secretary, a recorder, police magistrate, harbour-master, chaplain, and their subordinates, would fulfil every requisite duty. Thus the civil charges would be reduced to a scale commensurate with the revenue, and by vesting a municipal authority in the respectable European residents, they would assess themselves, provide the funds for police, sewers, roads, &c., administer them more efficiently than Government could do, and avoid irritating petty legislation and interference.\n\n123\n\nThe civil expenditure of Hong Kong, therefore, may be advantageously reduced from £50,000 to £12,000 or £15,000 per annum; the military from £150,000 or £200,000 to £20,000 or £25,000 per annum; and the several million dollars now proposed so unnecessarily to be expended on civil and military works may be saved from utter waste. The Consular stations and staff in China, require revision in several ways, but especially in the expenditure; even if we keep open the ports of Ningpo, Foochoo, and Amoy, the Consulate and Superintendent of Trade department charges may, with advantage to the public service, be reduced from about £30,000 or £35,000 a-year, to £15,000 per annum.\n\nIt would be necessary to retain at Shanghai a consul, but at the other three ports a vice-consul at each would be sufficient, and the Superintendency of Trade department ought to be abolished, as its duties would be more efficiently done by a consul-general at Canton, with a supervising control. The consular salaries would be defrayed by bills drawn on the Lords of the Treasury. All correspondence would be direct between the Foreign Office and consul-general. At Ningpo, for instance, where no English vessel has traded for twelve months, and there is not one European merchant we have had during the last year, a consul, a vice-consul, an interpreter (although the consul is a superior Chinese scholar), a surgeon, first and second consular assistant, &c. At Foochoo, where there is no trade, we have a consul, (a vice-consul is named to proceed there,) an interpreter, no surgeon (the Consul being a surgeon), and two consular assistants, &c.\n\nAt Amoy we have a consul, a vice-consul, a surgeon, consular assistants, &c. One efficient vice-consul would fulfil the duties, if there were ten times the amount of the present trade at Amoy. The following scale of consular establishment would be amply sufficient for our present trade and position in China:\n\n518",
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    {
        "id": 241638,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7]",
        "content_text": "71\n\nNEW ADVERTISEMENTS.\n\nCOPPER PLATE PRINTING.\n\nPARTIES having their own ENGRAVED PLATE can have their Cards, &c., printed in the best style at the Office of\n\nThe Hongkong Register,\n\nof the respective Papers, which will secure early insertion.\n\nEverything taken at Cowloon will be sent to the Government Office, if not claimed before 4 o'clock.\n\nyou will receive an official communication from me, the bending of which I should be glad to avoid, but before the Mail goes I must know whether the stolen articles listed were way whet\n\nYours truly,\n\n(Signed)\n\nNOTICE—The Hours of Public Worship at the HONGKONG REGISTER UNION CHAPEL, Hollywood Road, are, on the Sabbath at 11 A.M., and at 7 P.M., and on the Evening of every Wednesday at 7 o'clock. Hongkong, 28th April, 1857.\n\nTO LET by the month, & Three capacious Rooms, capable of accommodating ten gentlemen, with apartments for any number up to that amount.\n\nApply to\n\nBOWRA & Co.\n\nHongkong, 28 April 1857.\n\nTo the Editor at the \"Hongkong Register.\"\n\nHONGKONG, 27th April, 1857,\n\nBIRTHS.\n\nAt Felaban on the 10th April, Mrs. J. CALOROSSET Sure, of a Daughter.\n\nAt Shangwe, on the 15th April, Mrs. H. KOONS, of a Daughter.\n\nAt Macao, on the 9th April, Mrs. B. E. CARNEIRO, of a Daughter.\n\nMARRIAGES.\n\nAt Trinity Church, Shangbae, on the 13th inst., by the Rev. John Halon, WILLIAM CHAPMAN, Esq. of Calcutta, to GUNA EMILY, third Daughter of George Hargreaves, Esq., Liverpool.\n\nOn board American Ship \"Celestial,\" in this harbour, on the 25th April, by the Rev. J. W. Johnson, John A. CREWS WALD, Esq. of Boston, to FRANCES ANNE, Daughter of Edwin Lemist, Esq., of Roxbury, Mass.\n\nDEATHS.\n\nDrowned, in March last, in the 37th year of his age, JOHN VAUGHAN, Esq., M.D., eldest son of the Revd Dr. Vaughan, of Regent's Park, London.\n\nAt Macao, on the 20th April, PATRICK STEWART, Esq., Acting British Consular Agent at that port.\n\nAt Hongkong, on Sunday, 26th April, of dysentery, THOMAS HOPE, eldest and sole surviving son of the Rev. M. C. C., Assistant Chaplain to the Forces. Aged 2 years.\n\nN., lat. 31.16 N., and long. 121.46 E.; on the 22nd, the British barque Whampoa, in lat. 28:21 N., and long. 122.1; on the 23rd, the British schooner Eamont, in lat. 25.24 N., and long. 119.56 E.; on the 24th, the British schooner Emily Elphinstone, in lat. 23.17 N., and long. 121.29 E. Passed the Lady Mary Wood, on the 22nd instant, to the Northward of Turnabout near the use of the Attorney General, and just outside Formosa, on the 24th instant, spoke the American brig \"Getes,\" whose gang of workmen were busily employed in setting up the large iron gates at the bottom of Gough Street.\n\nDEAR SIR—Having had occasion to be in Gough Street yesterday (Sunday) morning, I was surprised to see this usually quiet street a scene of bustle and activity, and thinking that I had seen it announced in the Colonial Gazette that no Government or Police work was allowed on the Sabbath, I merely wish to know: 1. If any new private instructions have been given to Contractors or others to set aside this Government order. 2. If not, it is a high disgrace that Government should allow its servants to employ labourers on public work on a \"day of rest.\"\n\nI merely state what I saw almost under the windows of our Lieutenant Governor's house and opposite the house of the Registrar General and the Collector of Police &c., several Chinese workmen were employed in repairing the road; lower down the street, near the house of the Attorney General, and just outside Formosa, on the 24th instant, spoke the American brig \"Getes,\" whose gang of workmen were busily employed in setting up the large iron gates at the bottom of Gough Street.\n\nVox Populi is not admissible on the ground, amongst others, that the writer falls into the errors which he condemns. In addition—the letter is anonymous.\n\nJ. BOWRING,\n\nTo the Honorable COLONEL DUNLOP,\n\nThe Colonel issues the following Memo., attaching to it the Governor's letter, which requires that all the stolen property be forthwith returned to the Government Office:\n\n[No. 17—APRIL 29, 1857.]\n\nMemo. The undersigned offers notice that parties who have any articles which were taken at Cowloon will immediately return them to this Office. Officers are requested to state their names, or that they have returned all to this Office.\n\nBy order,\n\n(Signed) JOHN KING, Captain,\n\nTown Major.\n\nTOWN MAJOR'S OFFICE, 25th April, 1857.\n\nThe officers naturally felt annoyed at having such accusations made against them, and their several replies are amusing enough. They run thus:\n\n1. \"Have nothing—I never took anything.\"\n\n2. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\n3. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\n4. \"Seen.\"\n\n5. \"Not a legal question—stole nothing.\"\n\n6. \"Stole nothing.\"\n\n7. \"Stole nothing.\"\n\n8. \"Stole nothing: the two hats Dr. Bridges said there was no bar in taking. I have already returned.\"\n\n9. \"I have stolen nothing.\"\n\n10. \"Has stolen nothing.\"\n\n11. \"I took nothing away from Cowloon.\"\n\n12. \"I have not stolen anything.\"\n\nThis was not all; one of them afterwards wrote a letter demanding an apology under the threat of \"court of inquiry.\" We have not this intermediate correspondence, but the fellow who signs himself \"X X X\" in the China Mail, has said, so it has come to pass, the Registration Ordinance is progressing, and we have an altered and amended—if not improved draft copy of the Ordinance in the last Government Gazette.\n\nThe Band of the 59th Regiment will be performing to-morrow on the Parade Ground, weather permitting, at 4½ p.m., the following pieces:—\n\nMarch—\"Souvenir des Alpes\"—Leitzer.\n\nPolka—\"Jalve.\"\n\nSelection 4—\"Quadrilles Mouton.\"\n\nWaltz—\"Auf dem Lufte, Gung'—Strauss.\n\nGallop—\"Corsa\"—Kulorer.\n\nWe beg to return our sincere thanks to His Excellency Sir John Bowring Knt. LL.D. &c. for so kindly furnishing us with the precis of the contents of the papers taken at the attack on Cowloon, &c.\n\nBetween that and \"stolen\" there is a mighty difference in the minds of some people. We will illustrate the difference by telling the following story:—A Leith wine merchant whose business had been declining, and upon whom a strong desire for military fame just at the same time fell, was glad to take service with Don Pedro when he contended with Miguell for the throne of Portugal.\n\nIt would have been for him had he in the course of his universal acquirements stumbled upon the precaution of the good Chamundas; or had looked nearer one at the protector-te of Olyfe the hammer, when the community was governed without Laws. Back leginnion, however, was not suited to the busy, meddling mind of Wilmi le Teary. On the contrary, he conceived that the true wisdom of legislation consisted in the multiplicity of laws. He accordingly had great punishments for great crimes, and little punishments for little offences. By degrees the whole surface of society was cut up by ditches and fences, and quickset hedges of the law, and even the sequestered paths of private life so hemmed by petty rules and ordinances, too numerous to be remembered, that one now] could walk a large within the risk of having off a spring-gun or falling into a man-trap—\"Knicker\"-bocker's History of New York.\"\n\nTo the Editor of the \"China Mail.\"\n\nThe COVENT, 1st April, 1857.\n\nDEAR MR. F——\n\nMy wife (who can fight anticly for my peace of mind) derives her views of Hongkong politics from the Friend of China. Upon the ideas of the mild expositor of Sir John's responsibilities, she grafts a few of her own, and the following shortly shadows forth the result.\n\nWas Colony ever at such a pass\n\nWhat with poison, Sed riots, de dear that gas.\n\nA pretty large role of ill it will sum to\n\nThe taxes increasing, such a state the police in,\n\nAnd coolies refusing to carry our chairs;\n\nIf you'd know why this was, it is simply because\n\nThat horrid Sir John's authe Board of affairs!\n\nHe has truly thrown things in a terrible mix,\n\nAnd no wonder it is that with ge we are tow'ring;\n\nLa jury pays a,\" when the public\n\nWhy, who is the party to blame but Sir John?\n\nThe responsible man.—if your servants are capable,\n\nIf your carriage raptures, or child falls down stairs,\n\nFor sourbour, bad potatoes, or premature babi\n\nIs that dreadful old man at the head of affairs!\n\nJust look how he went and black-holed those poor bakers,\n\n(As it must be admitted they'd given you cause,)\n\nAl then four out Murrow & Co. to be breakers\n\nBy housing some coolies) of liberty's laws.\n\nFor struggling young orlenists ain't le a rush nares.*\n\nNor Christian nor Pagan is safe from his energet\n\nHet in happy to heap our dear chaplain's dham Gua\n\nThis cruel old man at the head of affairs!\n\nIf the ad come too late, or fire catches a chimney,\n\nIf our sleep is histure'd by a noisy cock,\n\nEve it a man-of-war strikes on a rock.\n\nf the sun is too hot, or the street lamps burn dim—nay,\n\nthe bugs at the school of St Andrew are lousy,\n\nOr the 59th Band plays unpopular airs;\n\nIf offcids are idle, or paracas are affils!\n\nIt's all the old as it the head\n\nBy his hobbies not only the clothes get se mangled,\n\n\"That buttons and darts take the wake of one's timiz,\n\nBut we're liable, too, in our beds t\n\nto be strangled,\n\nAnd he won't hang the man who emitted the crime.\n\nJould know how his sid yazilation\n\nIf he the load of ane's family rates,\n\nIncremes\n\nHe would practise (what I can't, fin enre) resignation,\n\nAnd put that dear end at the head of affairs.\n\n(Morita loquitur)\n\nAnd now. you've done, pray let me have a word to\n\n(That politics sextainly not a good hand)\n\nI would have you remember it's very absurd, to\n\nTalk about things that you don't understand.\n\nIf he'd three heads, His Cerberas, still be'd have reason\n\nTo say he's tough work to grizzle his air;\n\nAnd I really believe, in' you'll think it high tresom,\n\nWo might have a wote inan at the head of affairs.\n\n*Tron, WELDA.\n\nThe Hongkong Register.\n\nHONGKONG, TUESDAY, 26 APRIL 1857.\n\nRooms, where such documents as the government desires to make known are supplied for the use of all the papers without respect to party or color. It would of course be expecting too much from a man who was only a radical member of parliament any such liberality—that style of individual does not act in such a way. All his liberality is expended in clap-trap, and when the time of action comes, he is found to be nothing but a windbag—As for the Mail we could expect no courtesy from it in such a case.\n\nThe Coromandel returned to harbour on the morning of the 26th, from the survey of the rock on which the unfortunate Raleigh struck. The survey was made by Captain Bates, who was accompanied by Mr. Williams, Master of the state that so well known Raleigh, and when then for him.\n\nAs we are a day behind the for, thanks to our kind friends, the above firm, we think it unnecessary to republish the documents, but we call attention to the reasonable inference drawn by the\n\nThere is one drop of comfort in this bucket of filth—the Ordinance never will be carried out, not even when the gloss of novelty is upon it. There is no staff of officials to carry it out.\n\nWe may therefore rest satisfied that the minds of the Chinese will not be undermined by this Ordinance, and the only bad effect of it will be to disgrace a British Statute book. Spies there are, and will be—like other vermin they are useful and can be dispensed with; but the more we can do without them the better, and we hope never to see the day when the inhabitants of a whole colony shall turn spies, and no one however respectable be safe.\n\nThe Sampson has had an engagement with pirates near Mi-chin bay, to the South of the entrance of the Straits of Hainan. The steamer had followed them up to this place which it appears they have made their rendezvous for some time past.\n\nThe result of a sharp and successful contest was the complete defeat of the Pirates who were compelled to retire, having about 200 killed, wounded, or prisoners, in the hands of the assailants. We have not heard of any serious casualties to any of the Sampson crew.\n\nXI. A Chinese Houses shall be divided into things or Káp of Ten Houses each, wherein every Occupier of a House shall answer to Her Majesty for the good conduct of the occupiers of the other nine; and Occupier of a House shall be Kápcheong or Thingman to be elected by common vote of the said Tithing or Kap to that office, subject to the approval of this Government, and he shall be the proper Representative of the said Tithing or Kap, and be distinguished by some Badge to be appointed by His Excellency, and he shall hold his said office during one year; and no other person shall assume the title or badge of Kápcheong of such Tithing or Káp.\n\nXIV. It shall be the duty of every Occupier of House to report to his Kápcheong without delay, to the utmost of his skill and knowledge, all Cases, Suspicions of Crime, committed or to be committed, and respectively, for all the purposes of this Ordinance, to be aiding and assisting to the said Kápcheong in the execution of the same; and further, to do his utmost to prevent all crimes, felonies, and misdemeanours, and to apprehend all persons whom he shall find in the actual commission of the same.\n\nIV. It shall be the duty of the Kápcheong to communicate forthwith to the Registrar General all such reports as in Section Fourteen are mentioned, when the same are received by him; and likewise to report to him to the utmost of his skill and knowledge, all Cases, or Suspicions of Crime, whether reported from the Kap or not; and in all other respects to discharge the duties and exercise the powers of a Constable of the Police Force of Hongkong, so as the same are altered by this Ordinance.\n\nThis is the spy system on which the Ordinance rests.\n\nWe give below part of a correspondence between Sir John Bowring and the officers who were employed on the descent lately made on Cowloon, powerful in her armament and crew as the Sampson is.\n\nGovernment Office, 25th April, 1857.\n\nMY DEAR COLONEL—I have been quite shocked to hear that, among other things, the official sent were eiti- Register\" or \"Register's Advertiser, please address to the \"Printer and Publisher\n\nWe further learn that the Chinese captured have been given up to the Mandarins at Amoy, and that the Portuguese taken are to be handed over to the Macao Authorities.\n\nThe expedition to Chek-chun was accompanied by Mr. Wan and acquainted with only one of the inculpating facts by surprise. A large number of \"braves\" were found concealed in the city, and a few house before the attack.\n\nThere is no evidence that poisoning as an art has been practiced in China, and we search her annals in vain for a case parallel to that of Hongkong.\n\nThe pith failed through the dilatoriness of the mandarins sent for distribution among a portion of the attacked force, & quantity of a perennial creeper found on the hills of the central provinces. Its botanical character, as well as its precise physiological action, we have yet to ascertain.\n\nIts active principle appears to be highly volatile, and great exactness is needed in preparing it. Several of Mr. Markwick's gold wristlets were found concealed in a two watchkeys, a ring, and a gold watch and chain had also been pawned to pay a gambling debt, but were not in league with the police.\n\nThe expedition to Cowloon was accompanied by Dr. Bridges, Mr. Caldwell being confined to his room with illness and though the inslemency of the weather prevented it from starting till day light, several hours after the time contemplated, the soldiers were within a hundred yards of the fort ere the Chinese thought of even closing the gates.\n\nThe doors were instantly scaled, the gates opened, and the fort taken possession of, without the longest violence being used towards the Chinese.\n\nIt is said that not far from every poison tree the antidotes were ordered from the Pacific to join Commandant was of course in a state of great alarm.\n\nNOTICE TO MARINERS.\n\nShanglus, 23d March, 1857. (From North-China Herald, March 29.)\n\nNotice is hereby given, that in pursuance of arrangements made by the Chinese Authorities for the improvement of the navigation of the Yangtze Kiang, Eight patriotic Iron Nan Boyus have been moored between Chatela Island and Woosung. These have been laid down by M. GEORGE L. CAER, Master, N., in the following positions :-\n\nOn the South Sand, three painted Black, and numbered 3, 9, 5.\n\nOn the North Sand, three painted Red, and numbered 2, 1, 6.\n\nOn the North Spit, off the entrance of Woosung River, one painted Red, and numbered 9.\n\nThe bearings are all Magnetic.\n\nThe Light Ship is moored in 4½ fathoms, at low water, Spring Tides.\n\nThe Trevs upon Block House island bear from N. 15,0,0 West, distance 3 miles.\n\nGO. 1. CA, Master. BN,\n\nBy Order,\n\nH. M. S. Pique.\"\n\nSECRETARY,\n\nNINGPO.\n\nA ROCK NOT NOTED IN THE CHARTS.\n\nThe Brig \"Mariner's Hope\" struck, right in the way of vessels going in to Ningpo from sea through the Fisherman's chain. She was 12 hours on the reef, and 3 feet under her stern at low water.\n\nThe bearings of a rock or reef on which the Brig \"Mariner's Hope\" struck, are as follows:\n\nSkald Island, S. & B., distance 3 cables,\n\nSouth extreme of Chiu-san, E ½ S.\n\nLarge Volcano, S. W. westerly Extremes of Ruggeds, N. N. W. W.,\n\nand N. X. E.\n\n62",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-063 - Sir Bowring - 1857 [4-7].txt",
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        "id": 243014,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-065 - Sir Bowring & Public Offices - 1857 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 410,
        "title": "CO129-065 - Sir Bowring & Public Offices - 1857 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "# Hung-ham Pass of Cowloon; they found a number of small vessels crossing with vegetables to Victoria. At the sight of the braves their crews took to the water and escaped, and they only caught two men, Wong-ang and Li-muk-yeung. They were allowed to plunder the boats of their entire cargo of vegetables and other things. They also took a devil's boat and two traitorous Chinese rowing therein; three others escaped, and the boat was taken into Cowloon, and left in charge of the Tipo (the head borough); the oars, anchors, &c., were brought in to the camp. I have now sent the braves with the two traitorous Chinese and these articles to you, and request you will have the affair judicially looked into and settled.\n\nOn the 2nd, at Lik-yun-tai-wei, a man named Wong-tai-muk, dressed in devil clothes and boots, with a devil fowling-piece in his hand, speaking the devil language fluently, and also Chinese of the Heung-shan dialect,* came down the hill side shooting and up to the tents. His appearance being in every way suspicious, he was seized by the braves and, on being questioned, admitted that he had been in barbarian service at Victoria; also that he had owned there the Tak-lung pork butchery and the Hing-lung fish concern; that about the middle of January he had gone home from Victoria; he had come out to shoot because he had nothing else to do, and was in no way a traitorous Chinese. The gentry and elders of the Nine Wards have given a bail-bond for him, I was enabled to deal leniently with the case, and released him with a slight punishment (or fine).\n\nI am in want of the following articles (enumerated). Yu-ki-nin says that in the eastern division at Sha-tin, and at Chik-mi, boats load with bullocks, fowls, ducks, &c., for the supply of the English rebels.\n\nIt is very expedient that two vessels should be sent to cruize off those places.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n## Inclosure 4\n\n**Chan-tsze-tin to Chan-kwei-tsih**\n\nFebruary 7, 1857.\n\nI came to Cowloon, where there were three of the parties concerned (in the plot), all of whom insisted on having some guarantee in writing. You will have found the details in Yu-ki-nin's note, and I have to request that you will signify to me what remuneration is to be given for each item (of the proceedings therein specified), that I may be enabled to discuss this with (the parties interested). The barbarian shipping, however, at Victoria has much diminished in number; in the last few days one-half seem to have gone. The American devils, I understand, see that, as matters stand, there is risk of danger, and (their ships) have therefore gone off.\n\nI hear it said that in the course of a few days the English will be sure to send to Cowloon for the boat we took a short time ago. This is the talk of the simple villagers, who are full of alarms and misgivings. For the present I have forbidden my braves to go to Cowloon, and shall wait some days until I see how matters stand, before I think of acting.\n\nA few days ago the English rebels took up seven Chinese in the Sheang-wan (the west of Victoria). When I see how utterly broken the barbarians are, I look on it as certain that they will not venture to disturb Cowloon again (or to break into it present themselves there).\n\nI have this day enlisted ten braves-very secretly without the knowledge of any man-and to-morrow shall get a boat for the undertaking. The other body of men, who are to be put on rations, when the attempt shall have succeeded, are people of the place (Hong Kong or Cowloon). They will probably cross the water in the course of the day (or a few days).\n\nYu-ki-nin came in from the Committee to-day, and informs me that yesterday our braves seized eleven rebellious barbarians and have handed them up to the Committee. I was delighted to hear this; it is really a fine thing. If we manage matters thus, the English rebels and the local vagabonds will not be able to bear one another, and each party will get to suspect the other to the advantage of the main issue. Who is to be sent with these eleven English rebels? The two Kwei-shin men need not, I think, be forwarded to Canton. I am told that their employer sent some one yesterday to learn how the case stood, and so I suppose he is going to bail them, &c.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n## Inclosure 5\n\n**Chan-kwei-tsih to Chan-tsze-tin**\n\nFebruary 16.\n\nOn the 14th, Tong-sze brought me an answer from you. In the first decade of the 12th moon (27th December to the 5th January) Cheng-tsik was directed by the head committee (Canton) to go to Cowloon to take steps (or the necessary steps). I am told he had got a number of men together to fire Victoria. I fear, however, that he was not up to the task, and that he has failed (or will fail) in consequence.\n\nThis person was put forward by the F-san-tong (interlined)—I do not know who is charged with the superintendence of this (tong)-and was to accomplish his undertaking within a month, Lin-tsun-ngan has taken his leave of me as teacher (in my family), and as there is now no gentleman in charge of his twenty braves, they had better be disbanded; or the half of them might be, as there are ten in charge of Sai-kung.\n\nWan-hing's nephew has got leave for ten days. Mak-ying-tang's station is Sha-tin; he has now come in to head-quarters, and will be desired to go to Sha-tin. On his arrival he must be desired to go to his camp and remain there, and not to be staying at any other place that he may choose.\n\nTse-tung-shan (otherwise styled Tse-tso-ko) came in (from Canton) to the Committee (Sanon) this morning after breakfast, with 30 gilt mandarin buttons, and 1,000 dollars weighing 690 taels (interlined); this is to pay the 300 dollars for the lorcha, and the 30 taels for every devil's head. He also brought 2,000 taels to pay the men, contributed by Wei ordered to be handed over to the district magistrate.\n\nPostscript. The price of devil's heads has been reduced this year.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n## Inclosure 6\n\n**Chan-tsze-tin to Chan-kwei-tsih**\n\nFebruary 17.\n\nI went on the 29th January to Sai-kung, to Yu-kia-nin's; and the non-commissioned officers of the Militia of the six wards of Ho-chung, and the Sha-kok-mi, all came to meet me. The rolls of their train-bands are now completed, and will be forwarded shortly.\n\nThe train-bands of the nine wards of Sik-un are also on foot, and the non-commissioned officers want the Committee to send flags, and badges, &c.\n\nYesterday the Commandant Chung returned to Cowloon; and I learned to-day that the English rebels had burned four war-junks at Tung-chung, and were giving out that to-day they would attack Tung-chung itself. One of my braves has returned from Victoria, and reports that there is no movement of the kind. Of late they have been more vigilant at Victoria than ever; no one is allowed out after 6 o'clock. Devil soldiers share the duty of keeping watch with the watchmen, and patrol zealously in bodies. From Tai-ping-shan to West Point there are devils on guard. After the lamps are lit no one is allowed to go from the shore to the ships, nor to land from the ships. The seamen devils act as devil soldiers. In the streets there is little business doing. The Wing-tai, Wo-shang, and Mau-tai, three great rice shops, ceased to do business some days ago.\n\nPage 408",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5]",
        "page_number": 432,
        "title": "CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5]",
        "content_text": "M. May's Memoranda\n\nA receipt by Tang a book of brown rent from Wing \" Thum Kee, a bill from Kee kee to Shun loong of tur bulle ut Patna and some cross, showing that he trad sold opium ..\n\nA prom state prom. thing hin-ching kee horrowed off 10 to pay to Pabine Court for debet.\n\n25 day\n\nA enemo :\n\n1 mo. 1884.\n\nof gmoney due by to the to blank, from Jany to June 1885. Eitems including 246 key. 90 interest 24\n\nExplanatory Remarks Mr. Mayo Momaranda\n\nthu Nut recollected by eriky shures me that he dealt i opium althe combated do. do 2 do & paper bit of Harmen gunner and seamen sent! to lee tee long pooann le Kec. Kee Kee\n\nUn envelope of a lette addressed to Wong kem ther hom the Magistracy of\n\nAn envelope of a letter Miss Loong and Wong rom the Military Defore! bowlving. A letter from Cheong the present d commandant- Cowloong to the Loung th Kees Clerk) relative to the scals and other things taken away by Military when they he\n\nExplanatory Remarks\n\nNot recollected As decorulary 429 tem 11. erdline item 11 and prereris note herein 10. Ker beenday eveolince. Items",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-073 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Bowring - 1859 [1-5].txt",
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    {
        "id": 249044,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6]",
        "page_number": 234,
        "title": "CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6]",
        "content_text": "by the Honorable the Colonial Secretary, \n\nand \n\nincluding Stonecutters island, is - \n\nleased to Her Majesty's Government \n\nto \n\nthe \n\nuse and interest \n\nAs it may be of use for Your Excellency to be in possession of \n\ncorrespondence which has passed between the Governor General Laon \n\nand myself on this subject, I beg to \n\nEnclose copies of my letter proposing the arrangement \n\nnow arrived at, and \n\nHis Excellency's reply agreeing to the \n\nsame, together with a Copy of the Deed \n\nof Lease that has \n\naccordingly been \n\nexecuted between us, the terms of which \n\nwill, I trust, receive Your Excellency's \n\napproval. I should also mention that \n\nI showed \n\nHis Excellency Laon has this morning \n\n7 \n\n230 \n\nforwarded Despatches to the Commandant of the Suc-pang Station, the District Magistrate of the District of Sun-on, and the Deputy Magistrate of the Sub-district of Kowloon, informing \n\nthem of these arrangements, and directing them to Cooperate with the British Military Authorities in \n\nintroducing better order into that part \n\nof the peninsula which has thus been \n\nplaced under our control. \n\nThe said Deputy Magistrate has \n\nbeen instructed to make known \n\nto the Native population of the locality \n\nin question, by \n\nmeans \n\nof \n\nthe enclosed \n\nProclamation, the circumstance of \n\ntheir having \n\nnow been placed under",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-077 - Sir Robinson - 1860 [1-6].txt",
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    {
        "id": 252113,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 550,
        "title": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## \nIn Commission consult this for!, the Auch bedure, the Abunal Suntary the Commandant of the tones. It latter bud house left-thin made The res Colony life the Refert was remaining buckemon's in 3 heater ween then ponion with that. Chow The charger Chow. Wong hid 546 what M. Calcuole. all hought-fomard They 8 Mr. Murrow, by whom alo ware worked out. In ante fact there atifa ofthe Affendig ofthe Renaler of Ingeury- Li but it mary te hard hat fart- the whole expung Lout - the 1. charge - \"hand Long airpa Kat Dr. Calduck & intimate acquaintance with ht-at f 155 \"k activions Prati called that Chow B. for ante ford a hasute for the Commendaut More favorable new oblic which titles in extent to which t-Coldwell in implicated \n\nIt commenced in the 13 Ang lobs & ended on the 24 Lefl. 1861.\n\nSal 160 Mich die AH. Arbeion wär without malled to report tid he wouldh further delay proceed with the Egurry-\n\nThe result amused al- (me fiss themites; in that the Celdurch had lang sintimate connexion with M. c.6.& beginning in 1859.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 256415,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "page_number": 172,
        "title": "CO129-092 - Acting Governor Mercer - 1863 [4-6]",
        "content_text": "122\n\nTHE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 2ND MAY, 1863.\n\nCOURT OF SUMMARY JURISDICTION,\n\nHONGKONG.\n\nThe Court sits every Tuesday morning at 10 o'clock A.M.\n\nBy Order of the Court,\n\nH. J. HOLMES,\n\nClerk of Court.\n\nCONSTANTINE JOSEPH SMYTHE\n\nOR O'REILLY.\n\nTHE Acting Colonial Secretary will be glad to receive information respecting the above-mentioned person, who is said to have been in Hongkong in 1854, and had been previously trading at Amoy. It is stated that there is a \"Surplus property\" which the said C. J. SMYTHE or O'REILLY is entitled.\n\nIn re PANG-AH-SHENG, Contractor, deceased.\n\nTranshipment and forwarding of Cargo, with a view to the adequateness of their Policies in respect of the same.\n\nInsurance\n\nTHOS. SUTHERLAND,\n\nSuperintendent.\n\nPeninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company's Office,\n\nHongkong, 30th April, 1863.\n\nCOMPAGNIE DES SERVICES MARITIMES\n\nDES\n\nMESSAGERIES IMPERIALES.\n\nPaquebots-Poste Français.\n\nSTEAM FOR\n\nSAIGON, SINGAPORE, POINT DE GALLE, ADEN, SUEZ, ALEXANDRIA, MESSINA, MARSEILLES. ALSO,\n\nPONDICHERY, MADRAS, & CALCUTTA.\n\nNOTICE is hereby given to the next of Kin, and all other persons, to produce any Wills or Codicils of the above party, that may be in their possession, before the Supreme Court, on Saturday, the Ninth day of May, A.D. 1863; or, if none, that the next of Kin do accept or refuse Letters of Administration, failing which Letters of Administration will be granted to the Registrar of the said Court, or such other person as the Court may think fit.\n\nBy the Court,\n\nN. R. MASSON, Acting Registrar.\n\nTHE PENINSULAR AND ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY's Steam-ship COLUMBIAN, Captain BEAZLEY, with Her Majesty's Mails, Passengers, Specie, and Cargo, will leave this for the above places on Wednesday the 13th May, 1863, at 2 P.M.\n\nCARGO will be received on board until 5 P.M. on the 11th May, SPECIE until Noon on the 12th May, and PARCELS until 5 P.M. on the 11th May.\n\nFor particulars regarding FREIGHT and PASSAGE, apply at the PENINSULAR & ORIENTAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY's Office, Hongkong.\n\nContents and Value of Packages are required. A written declaration of the Contents and Value of the Packages for the Overland Route is required by the Egyptian Government, and must be delivered by the Shippers to the Company's Agents with the Bills of Lading, or with Parcels; and the Company do not hold themselves responsible for any Detention or Prejudice which may happen from incorrectness on such declaration. Shippers of Cargo on the Company's Black Bills of Lading are particularly requested to note the Terms and Conditions of these Bills of Lading, with reference to the same.\n\nThe Company's Steamship \"ALPHEE, Commandant BOILEVE, H.I.M.N., with Her Britannic Majesty's Mails, Passengers, Specie, and Cargo, will leave this Port for the above places, in connection:\n\nAt Alexandria, with the Company's and the Austrian Lloyds Mail Steamers for the Levant, Black Sea, Greece, Corfu, and Trieste:\n\nat Messina, with the Company's Semi-weekly Mail Steamers for Malta and all the Italian Ports:\n\nAt Marseilles, with the weekly Company's Mail Steamer for Valencia, and by Railroad to Madrid. Passengers going to London are informed that the Company will convey, free of charge, from Marseilles to London, their Baggage to the extent allowed by the regulation.\n\nCargo and Specie will be registered for London as well as for Marseilles, and accepted in transit through Marseilles for the principal places of Europe.\n\nThe Company has authority to grant Insurance on all Cargo conveyed by its Vessels, at a premium of 1 per cent upon Merchandize, and per cent on Treasure, from Hongkong to Lyons, Paris, London, and Holland, and proportionally for places this side of Suez.\n\nCargo will be received on board until 2 o'clock of the 21st of May; Specie and Parcels until 2 o'clock of the 22nd. As the Manifests of Merchandize have to be closed on the evening of the 22nd, the Shippers are requested to present their Shipping Orders before 4 P.M. of said day; for past that time, no more Bills of Lading will be delivered to them, except after the departure of the Steamer.\n\nA Written Declaration of the Contents and Value of the Packages destined beyond Suez is required by the Egyptian Government, and must be furnished by the Shippers to the Agent with the Bills of Lading; and the Company will not be responsible for any consequence or prejudice which may ensue from an incorrect declaration.\n\nFor particulars respecting Freight and Passage, apply at the Company's Office, Queen's Road.\n\nBERTOLINI,\n\nAgent.\n\nHongkong, 30th April, 1863.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nALL Persons indebted to, or having claims upon the estate of N. BOULLE, deceased, are requested to send particulars of the same to the undersigned on or before the 1st of June next.\n\nJ. P. DA COSTA, Administrator.\n\nHongkong, 21st April, 1863.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nMR. R. PETER BAZEON was admitted a Partner in our Firm, on the 1st January, 1863.\n\nALFRED WILKINSON & Co.\n\nShanghai, 18th April, 1863.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nTHE undersigned have been appointed Agents for Lloyd's at Canton and Macao.\n\nCommunications at Macao to be addressed to Mr. E. L. LANÇA, H. B. M. Consular Agent there.\n\nGILMAN & Co.\n\nHongkong, 25th April, 1863.\n\nHINDOOSTAN MARINE INSURANCE COMPANY, 1862.\n\nTHE undersigned, having been appointed Agents for the above Office in Hongkong, are prepared to grant Policies payable in Hongkong, Singapore, Penang, Calcutta, Bombay, Moulmein, and Rangoon.\n\nCARAPIET & Co., Agents.\n\nOld Bailey Street.\n\nHongkong, 9th December, 1862.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nMESSRS. ALEXANDER C. LEVYSOHN and JACOB ARNHOLD have this day been admitted Partners in our Firm.\n\nOXFORD & Co.\n\nCanton, 1st January, 1863.\n\nNOTICE.\n\nWE have this day established a branch of our Wire in Foochow.\n\nMARGESSON & Co.\n\nCanton, 1st April, 1863.\n\nCOPPER PLATE PRINTING.\n\nGENTLEMEN having their own engraved Plates can have VISITING CARDS printed on them, plain or enamelled, by applying at the Office of the undersigned,\n\nD. NORONHA.\n\nHongkong, 10th January, 1863.\n\nPrinted and Published by D. NORONHA, Printer to Hongkong Government, OSWALD'S TERRACE, WELLINGTON STREET.\n\nPage 167",
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        "id": 257980,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863",
        "page_number": 537,
        "title": "CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863",
        "content_text": "Najpesty's Government have done enough in providing for the Defence of the Colony in Arms and Ammunition of War, without being saddled with the additional Expenses for Batteries and their Construction.\n\nI have the honor... 7C. 77(180) HB Savory Afx Mil Secretang Love loff YANG Oft mit Sivatag\n\n...\n\nConfidential Secretary's Office 14th Aug 1863.\n\nI have the honor to acknowledge your letter of the 10th Instant enclosing account of the Batteries recently erected here and at Kowloon and intimating that the Major General Commanding desires a copy hereof to be forwarded to him with a view to his ordering payment thereof.\n\nI am to state that His Excellency the Acting Governor would willingly, if he saw his way to it, arrive at a conclusion in agreement with The Major General Commanding, and save further trouble by a payment from the Colonial Treasury.\n\nBut there is not, and never has been, any provision made in the Colonial Estimates for such Expenditure, nor has such expenditure been hitherto incurred by the Colony. In front of the practice as it is at present...\n\nCol. Reeves C.M.G. Commandant...\n\n \nPage 532",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-095 - Public Offices - 1863.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 258313,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-096 - Others - 1863",
        "page_number": 314,
        "title": "CO129-096 - Others - 1863",
        "content_text": "Foot 0 Para te\n\nPLATE NO1. KOWLOON PENINSULA\n\nReference\n\nFigures on the land show the heights in feet above the Sea\n\nA Commandant's House\n\nB Hospital\n\nC Officers' Quarters\n\nD Barracks for 100 men each\n\nOriginal plan for Military Cantonment\n\nRevised Plan for Military Cantonment\n\nProposed Battery\n\n  \n    \n    high\n    266\n  \n  \n    ary, proposed\n    193 acres\n    \n  \n  \n    opeiz ground\n    Severnor ground\n    \n  \n  \n    49\n    \n    \n  \n  \n    182\n    1000\n    1500\n  \n  \n    1100\n    160 yards\n    \n  \n  \n    Hill Lang\n    of\n    309",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-096 - Others - 1863.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 259235,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 335,
        "title": "CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "twelve \n\n323 \n\n६ \n\ntwenty West Coast Boats and ten piratical junks in Mei-chow Bay which are doing serious injury to the Coasting trade in and out of this Port.\n\nThe Colonel states inter alia in his note, that it has been reported to him by his scouts that a couple of Foreigners are on board of the piratical craft, but whether as captives or otherwise had not been ascertained.\n\nI have reason to suspect that these pirates are of the same gang that opened fire on the British Lorcha \"New Hong Kong\" in October last.\n\nI shall be happy to communicate to the Colonel Commandant my reply to the course which you may in your discretion determine on the circumstances.\n\nI have, Her Majesty's instructions under consideration.\n\n(Signed) Chas Sinclair.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-098 - Sir Robinson - 1864 [4-5].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 260824,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-103 - Others - 1864",
        "page_number": 51,
        "title": "CO129-103 - Others - 1864",
        "content_text": "18 \n\nresult was that a great number of large and small guns, muskets, pistols, swords, and spears were thus secured, but It is, of course, have since been given back to the owners. difficult to say whether any attack on Hong Kong was seriously designed; but it is well to know that if it had been attempted, the preparations were such that it must almost certainly have failed. It is said that but for the early return of the troops from Canton, the efficiency of the acting Governor's plans might have been put to the test; in which case a committee of safety was to have been appointed, the inhabitants enrolled and told off in divisions; the women and children, with the treasure, placed in the 18th Barracks, guarded by the troops off duty (about 200 men), with guns, howitzers, and ammunition; guns from the Ordnance and men from the merchant shipping would have been placed on board the \"Minden\" and \"Alligator,\" and both vessels removed from their present anchorage, and moored, the one off the naval stores, and the other at Kellett's Island.\n\n\"Sir,\n\n(A true extract.)\n\nAssistant Adjutant-General's Office,\n\nVictoria, Hong Kong, May 3, 1847.\n\nI have the honour to acquaint you that the Major-General Commanding has had much pleasure in forwarding your military report, of the 9th ultimo, to his Grace the Commander-in-Chief, and that in so doing he did not fail to express his acknowledgments of the services rendered by you, whilst in temporary command of this garrison during the recent operations at Canton.'\n\nI have the honour, &c. (Signed) JOHN BRUCE, Captain,\n\nAssistant Adjutant-General.\n\nHon. Major Caine, Colonial Secretary, Victoria.\n\nEXTRACT of Despatch 41 of April 19, 1847, from Governor Sir John Davis to the Earl Grey.\n\n\"The Major-General's report will put your Lordship in possession of the military details of our short expedition of seven days, and I have only to add that the able dispositions of Major Caine, who was Acting Governor and Commandant in my absence, ensured the safety and tranquillity of the colony.\"\n\nTrue copies.\n\n19 \n\nCOPY of a PETITION from the Chinese Inhabitants of Hong Kong, to the Governor, Sir John Davis, Bart.-July, 1845.\n\n\"A respectful petition from all the shopkeepers and inhabitants of the colony of Hong Kong, who supplicate that a good ruler may be retained by the Government, and beg that this favour be granted.\n\nThe benevolent government of his Honour Major Caine has existed since the opening of this port, and widely extended to the mercantile classes, so that they enjoyed their property. He has shown favours and inspired awe, and the robbers have found him like a thunderbolt, while his soothing influence and conciliatory conduct have brought back the days of \"lang\" and \"Zu\" (“Zu,\" or of \"Zuon\" and \"Thuu\" the two great patriarchs of the Chinese nation). He looked upon the people in no other light than his children. civil and military capacity he has, by his transforming influences, brought on a regeneration. We now hear that his Honour Major Caine will very soon be honourably promoted, and we shall then have none to whom to look up for assistance. We, your subjects, therefore now appear before you, with the utmost sincerity and truthfulness, to make known the previous favours enjoyed, humbly hoping that the high authorities may condescend to regard our foolish wishes, and permit him to retain his control, that we may for ever praise his lenient rule. We thus, creeping in our blindness, represent this, leaving it to you to determine whether our request is proper. With this petition we repair before his Excellency Governor Davis, beseeching the favour that it may be granted.\n\nYaheze year, 6th month, or July, 1845.”\n\nTrue translation. (Signed) CHAS. GUTZLAFF,\n\nChinese Secretary.\n\nFrom all the Wards of Hong Kong and Chinese Inhabitants, bearing 115 Seals of Shops and Firms.\n\n2nd PETITION.\n\nHong Kong, July 1845. \"The duly prepared petition of the shopkeepers and other inhabitants of the wards of \"Shengwan,\" \"Chingwan,\" and \"Hea Wan\" (three Eastern Districts)---\n\nBeseeching for a continuation of virtuous administration of the laws, and that the office of chief magistrate be occupied as heretofore, which they pray may be graciously granted.\n\nWhereas your petitioners, since the establishment of this settlement, have gratefully enjoyed the extensive diffusion of \n\nPage 49",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-103 - Others - 1864.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 266263,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "page_number": 156,
        "title": "CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8]",
        "content_text": "153 \n\nThe \"Hoop Oprey\" (Commandant Henzin) and \"Gunboat Grosvenor\" (Lieutenant Mainearing) were despatched in search of the Pirates on the 19th instant, having been so instructed by the consent and instructions of the Chinese Authorities, à Mandarin (Lyang) well known to me for his skill and courage, as well as a thorough knowledge of the ordinary haunts of the pirates, and as a Naval Officer. I enclose a published account, which is sufficiently accurate to enable me to dispense with sundry copies of the voluminous correspondence transmitted by the Commodore this Mail to the Admiralty. You will learn from the inclosed that the war was very successful, having the expedition caught 22 Piratical Craft in a creek and destroyed them all, with nearly 60 Cannons on board, and killing from 60 to 80 Pirates.\n\nI consider this recent expedition, carried out with such small means, a successful issue, is a further proof that I am not mistaken in supposing it quite possible with a small fleet of thoroughly effective and swift gunboats, under favourable circumstances, to render piracy an unprofitable pursuit, as to free the seas from the rascals who infest them, and enable the Chinese and Foreign Governments to join in establishing the rule that the carriage of munitions of war in native craft should constitute \"prima facie\" evidence of Piracy.\n\nWhat is needed is action, and the ...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-114 - MacDonnell - 1866 [7-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 277618,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 91,
        "title": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "88 \n\nHong Kong, circonstance qui aurait \n\nattiré l'attention des gouvernement, et aurait peut-être fait naître dans l'opinion que vous exprimerez, \n\ndu moins, amener de la part des bâtiments de guerre, des \n\nsalutations qui n'ont été \n\njustifiées par les circonstances. M. le Commandant de Bovis \n\nm'a répondu, \n\nque \n\nJe pavillon \n\nFrançais avait été arboré au grand mât du paquebot & Borgfele par suite de la présence, à bord de Montonyama, d'un passager Japonais de haut \n\nrang; si je ne me \n\ntrompe \n\npas, c'était \n\ncelui qui avait accompagné \n\nV \n\nen ambassade le trèse du Japon. Il le Commandant de Bovis, \n\najoute qu'il n'avait fait en cela que se conformer aux recommandations de sa \n\nCompagnie \n\net qu'il avait mis le Pavillon Français sur le paquebot de la ligne de Chine où se trouvait Monkongama, de même qu'il \n\navait été arboré \n\nsur \n\nle \n\npaquebot de la même compagnie, faisant le service de Marseille à \n\nAlexandrie, ayant ce même \n\ndignitaire Japonais comme passager. L'émotion \n\nque \n\nla vue \n\ndu pavillon Japonais a fait \n\néprouver à Hong Kong, ne peut",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 277620,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 93,
        "title": "CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "90\n\nLest un acte de courtoisie internationale qui n'a jamais signifié aucune reconnaissance à grase formel de se hapager.\n\nC'est ainsi que le Commandant Mr de Boiss, arboré le pavillon anglais sur le grand mât, ayant à bord, sur le \"Cambodge\" un officier de haut rang dans l'armée de l'onde anglaise, le Bacher Le Marchand ( je ne sais si c'est bien le nom ).\n\nAu correspondant à celui de Marichal de France. C'est ainsi que le pavillon anglais a été arboré sur le grand mât du paquebot des Messageries Impériales où se trouvait le Général Buy.\n\nC'est un fait, s'il m'est permis de citer un fait dont je suis personnel, le bâtiment à vapeur anglais que commandait le Capitaine Tuck me fit l'honneur très inattendu, quand je vins prendre possession du frute de brong / Cony, dans la traversée de Tientsin à Thanghai d'arborer le pavillon Français sur le grand mât.\n\nIl faut donc reconnaître que le fait n'est pas particulier aux paquebots des Messageries",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-136 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [1-3].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 281025,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 64,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "4.\n\n63\n\nin most frequent communication\n\nwith\n\nour\n\nChinese neighbors, that Mr. Consul Robertson had been\n\ninstructed to\n\ncarry out the wish of Her Majesty's Government for free inter-communication with the Authorities at Kowloon, and I directed him to report fully on the position of our relations with the latter place.\n\n5. I enclose Mr. Smith's Report on the subject. It details in a frankly exhaustive manner, meant entirely for my own special information, the explanation given by Pang Ink, Commandant of Kowloon, as to the general cessation\n\nInclosure 8-1-\n\n16 December 186\n\nof personal intercourse between himself and the Registrar General. His reasons for such altered relations may be summed up as arising from complaints made by Mr. Consul Robertson to the Vice Roy of Canton regarding the frequency of Mr. Smith's visits to Wong tong, and his transaction there of business which should have passed through the British Consulate. He also stated that he had seen Mr. Mayers (the Vice Consul at Canton), who had, so to speak, \"directed him to discontinue his visits to Mr. Smith, and the Vice Roy had desired that, the complaint having been made by the",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 281036,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 75,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "other ousings in Arrytong better foundation than the story of his negotiations with myself. Moreover, equally little weight attaches apparently to the suggestion of: Mayers that Pang Yuk's conduct had been in all probability, actuated by the hope of fortifying his position by influence required with the Colonial Authorities. Mr. Smith informs me that on no occasion did Pang Yok ever intimate directly or indirectly that his services should be commended to the Chinese Authorities.\n\n25. Nevertheless, strictly speaking, and except as a matter of fair play, the personal conduct of Pang Yuk outside his office of Commandant of Kowloon, or of any one holding that appointment is of comparatively minor importance. The principle of keeping open a friendly and constant intercourse between Hongkong and Kowloon Police and other neighborly purposes generally, is and must always be very important. That principle is now, I hope, placed on a solid foundation, and, as Mr. Robertson wishes Her Majesty's Government to suppress ... I think, with his hearty concurrence, the result is all the more ...\n\nPage 74\n\n27.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
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    {
        "id": 281040,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 79,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "Pang Yak the present Commandant at Kowloon.\n\nI have not thought it reassuring to send a copy of your duplicate to me.\n\nThe present Commandant of the Kowloon Garrison (Sang Muto) entered on his duties at Kowloon about three years ago, and having at the time of his appointment paid me a visit, came afterwards to me in writing. He was merely in acting thus following out the practice of his predecessor (Cheung Yuet Tong) who had always maintained the most friendly relations with this and other subordinate Departments of the Government.\n\nMany visits and communications\n\nIn 2252/70\n\n78\n\nPage ...\n\n  \n\nHowever, to follow the exact instruction to output HTML and keep the original \"Page XX\" information if present, and assuming \"Ул\" etc., are part of a \"Page XX\" format:\n\nSince the original text does not clearly indicate a \"Page XX\" format with the given characters, the best course is to directly correct and format the given text as per instructions.\n\nPage Ул \n\nPang Yak the present Commandant at Kowloon.\n\nI have not thought it reassuring to send a copy of your duplicate to me.\n\nThe present Commandant of the Kowloon Garrison (Sang Muto) entered on his duties at Kowloon about three years ago, and having at the time of his appointment paid me a visit, came afterwards to me in writing. He was merely in acting thus following out the practice of his predecessor (Cheung Yuet Tong) who had always maintained the most friendly relations with this and other subordinate Departments of the Government.\n\nMany visits and communications In 2252/70 78\n\nLet's correct and simplify the output to adhere strictly to the format requested and the task rules:\n\nPang Yak the present Commandant at Kowloon.\n\nI have not thought it reassuring to send a copy of your duplicate to me.\n\nThe present Commandant of the Kowloon Garrison (Sang Muto) entered on his duties at Kowloon about three years ago, and having at the time of his appointment paid me a visit, came afterwards to me in writing. He was merely in acting thus following out the practice of his predecessor (Cheung Yuet Tong) who had always maintained the most friendly relations with this and other subordinate Departments of the Government.\n\nMany visits and communications In 2252/70 78\n\nGiven the original text and instructions, a more accurate representation maintaining original \"page\" context if it were clearly \"Page XX\" is challenging without clear \"Page XX\" context. Thus, focusing on correcting the main text is prioritized.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 281053,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 92,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "91\n\nthat\n\nsome\n\nsuch relations he thought\n\nhad been always maintained, but to make the matter sure he would give such instructions to the Commandant\n\nFang and other local officials at\n\nKowloon\n\nas\n\nshould leave\n\nno doubt on\n\nthe subject. He then proceeded to\n\nMate\n\nsay\n\nof\n\ncourse whenever action was\n\ntaken on either side it would be\n\nthe\n\nnecessary in order to exercise proper control and prevent irregularity that\n\nreport should be made by subordinates to their respective Superiors, and enquired whether the\n\nA\n\nConsul would have\n\nany information\n\nof the steps taken.\n\nI replied that I entirely agreed as to\n\na course, and would\n\nsuggest to H... The Governor of Hong Kong\n\nthe expediency of all such reports as he might receive from his subordinates in reference to action taken at Kowloon in communication with the Chinese local Authorities or Commandant being\n\nin order that\n\nalso made Known to R. Ms. Consul in\n\ncase\n\nif any\n\nthing should arise to make it necessary for the Three Party to\n\nCommunicate with him on\n\nthe subject he might be prepared with the proper information.\n\nthis matter having been arranged I referred to another subject respecting which there was need of concerted action. I then\n\nreferred\n\nto the Pium...\n\nHere is the corrected version in HTML format:\n\n91\n\nthat\n\nsome\n\nsuch relations he thought had been always maintained, but to make the matter sure he would give such instructions to the Commandant Fang and other local officials at Kowloon as should leave no doubt on the subject. He then proceeded to state that of course whenever action was taken on either side it would be necessary in order to exercise proper control and prevent irregularity that report should be made by subordinates to their respective Superiors, and enquired whether the Consul would have any information of the steps taken.\n\nI replied that I entirely agreed as to this course, and would suggest to H.E. The Governor of Hong Kong the expediency of all such reports as he might receive from his subordinates in reference to action taken at Kowloon in communication with the Chinese local Authorities or Commandant being also made Known to R.Ms. Consul in order that if any thing should arise to make it necessary for the Three Parties to Communicate with him on the subject he might be prepared with the proper information.\n\nThis matter having been arranged I referred to another subject respecting which there was need of concerted action. I then referred to the Pium...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 281074,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "page_number": 113,
        "title": "CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2]",
        "content_text": "Memorandum.\n\n112\n\nWith reference to the position of Peng Yu (Tang Yok), at present acting Commandant of the Military division of Fa-ping, the head quarters of which are at Howloong, opposite to Hong Kong, - his communications with the Colony, and his connection with the Opium farm in part the subject of Mr Registrar General Smith's Memorandum of December 16th, I have to state that Colonel Ping - as he is usually called - originally came into favourable notice as a useful officer for gunboat...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-143 - Sir MacDonnell - 1870 [1-2].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 283223,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "page_number": 431,
        "title": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "content_text": "# 429 \n\nDuplicate. \n\n`C.S.O.N.63`. \n\nHong Kong, 5th January, 1870. \n\nTo **Rutherford Alcock, K.C.R.** \n\nH.B.M's Minister, \n\n**Governor** \n\n66 \n\nWoking. \n\nFr. **Richard Graves Mackennall**, \n\nC.A. \n\nInterview with Vice Rey of \n\nThe Two \n\n**Kwang** \n\nThe 20th and 29th December 1869. \n\nIntercourse between Hong Kong \nand Kowloon -- \nCustoms and Local Exercisers \n\nChinese Consul at \n\n...\n\n\"Enclosure in Governor's \nDispatch No. 4 of 8th January \n1870. \n\nDuplicate. \n\n(Copy) Memo \n\nThe present Commandant of the Kowloon Garrison (Fang Yuck) \nentered on his duties at Kowloon about \nNov. 1868 three years ago, and having notified \nme at the time in writing of his \nappointment came after to \nmy house and paid me an \nofficial visit. \n\nIn acting thus he was merely following out the practice of his predecessor (Cheung Yuk Tong) who had always maintained the most friendly relations with this and other subordinate Departments of the Government. \n\nMany visits and communications.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 283247,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "page_number": 455,
        "title": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "content_text": "## Bet \n\n453 \n\nat Kowloav. from the Island it would appear reports of 19.6. Sir Richard MacDonnell) Dame \n\nthat from a clearly understand old established relations of friendly intercourse between the local Authorities and more particularly the Military Commandant Pang Ma Kok had been interrupted. And as there could be no doubt it was most desirable and eminently needful on both sides that in matters of Police and either details involved in reciprocal effort to maintain the peace of the border, repress crime and arrest offenders such intercourse should be maintained. I trusted Attlee would agree with me that nothing should be allowed to interfere with the maintenance of good relations. \n\nW.H.C. fully admitted the advantage and necessity for such relations, and expressed his perfect willingness to promote them, he however added he was not aware of any interruption to those hitherto established. I then stated that such being the case the main point appeared to be secured. But the Government deeming it essential to the preservation of order in the neighbourhood of Kowloon, that the subordinate Authorities should be able to communicate with each other in matters of an immediate character, had",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 283248,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "page_number": 456,
        "title": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "content_text": "# 454\n\nHe intimated to me to provide for this in concert with the Viceroy. The Governor of Hong Kong only considered it indispensable in special cases (and atrocious fights in the neighbourhood, such as had already occurred), plainly convenient in the case of the escape of convicts that the police on one side of the frontier should be able to have recourse to the nearest proper authorities on the other side without the delay of a reference to a distant authority.\n\nI observed that H.M.'s Government, however, fully recognised at the same time the necessity of this intercourse being placed under certain restrictions, as would secure that it should be confined to matters of real and practical immediate urgency and detail about which it was not likely that differences should arise, or the province of the Diplomatic or Consular Authorities be invaded.\n\nTo these observations the Viceroy replied that he readily admitted their force and entirely concurred in the views of H.M.'s Government, which he was glad to learn. He again repeated that he thought some such relations had been always maintained, but to make the matter sure he would give such instructions to the Commandant of Pang and other local Officials at Kowloon as should ensure...",
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    {
        "id": 283254,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "page_number": 462,
        "title": "CO129-147 - Public Offices - 1870",
        "content_text": "460 might best be met. I suggested the possibility and perhaps the expediency of their naming their Employer for the first Penal as now Foreign, to avoid transgressing or passing the proper line of his duties, and preparing the way for a Chinese understanding between the Colonial officers and the Government.\n\nThe Commandant Pang, of the district, gave me the impression that he either had cause for suspecting his going beyond his orders or otherwise involving the Government in trouble. I did not at the time clearly understand his meaning; official experience could be gained, and he seemed disposed to agree with me on such a policy.\n\nThe second day, in referring to the relations with Kowloon, Commandant Pang insisted much upon the necessity of his being duly informed of all that took place between the local Authorities.\n\nReceiving from Mr. Mayers the supplementary report which had not been put in my hands until after the interview, the whole of what had passed became intelligible enough. I took occasion to speak to the Chief Magistrate on a third subject to which attention had been drawn by the inclosed newspaper article on the",
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    {
        "id": 295075,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874",
        "page_number": 299,
        "title": "CO129-169 - Others - 1874",
        "content_text": "# JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\n## 8004\n\ndéjà la tranquillité dont elle jouit, et qui trouve son intérêt à cultiver la terre sans inquiétudes et à en vendre librement les produits, sans jamais avoir à redouter ni exactions ni spoliations.\n\nNous devions nous montrer aussi soucieux de ses intérêts que des nôtres.\n\nJe ne m'étendrai pas plus longuement sur les avantages réciproques résultant de ce traité, l'exposé des motifs si clair et si précis, de l'honorable ministre des affaires étrangères suffisant parfaitement pour vous faire connaître toutes les questions de détail. Il est un point important cependant, sur lequel nous devons encore nous arrêter : c'est la convention spéciale qui réglera les rapports commerciaux.\n\nVotre commission eût vivement désiré que le traité de commerce lui eût été soumis en même temps que le traité qui règle les rapports politiques entre l'Annam et la France; malheureusement, la nécessité d'envoyer des pouvoirs au nouveau gouverneur de la Cochinchine a retardé l'arrivée en France de cette convention, qui ne pourra vous être présentée qu'après la prorogation; mais dès aujourd'hui M. le ministre de la marine a bien voulu nous communiquer la teneur de l'article 1er, qui est ainsi conçu :\n\nOn a beaucoup parlé du climat insalubre de la Cochinchine; qu'il nous soit permis de mettre un peu en garde contre les exagérations qui pourraient se produire à ce sujet. Et tout d'abord, ne sait-on pas que toute colonie nouvelle doit forcément payer un large tribut? Demandez à l'Angleterre ce que lui a coûté Calcutta; demandez à la Hollande ce que lui a coûté Batavia; demandez, si vous le voulez, à l'Algérie ce que lui a coûté la Mitidja; mais quand donc la crainte des maladies a-t-elle fait reculer les vaillants pionniers de la civilisation? D'ailleurs, la période la plus mauvaise est sans doute passée pour nous; notre établissement en Cochinchine date déjà de douze années, et à mesure que des casernes se sont élevées pour nos soldats, à mesure que des maisons confortables ont été construites par nos colons, l'assainissement s'est fait et il ne peut à coup sûr que progresser chaque jour.\n\n**Art. 1.** Conformément aux stipulations de l'article 11 du 15 mars, le roi d'Annam ouvre au commerce étranger, sans distinction de pavillon ou de nationalité, ses ports de Thi-Naï dans la province de Binh-Dinh, de Ninh-Hai dans la province de Hai-Duong, la ville de Hanoi et le fleuve de Nhi-Hà, depuis la mer jusqu'à la frontière chinoise.\n\nAjoutons enfin, que l'un des avantages du traité sera précisément de nous donner la possibilité de créer au Tonkin un établissement sanitaire où nos malades de Cochinchine, qui ne sont la plupart du temps qu'anémiés, viendront reprendre des forces sous une latitude plus élevée.\n\nLe second point important du traité est celui qui donne à la religion chrétienne des garanties sérieuses pour son libre exercice et pour son développement.\n\nSur cette terre arrosée, hier encore, du sang de tant de martyrs, où l'on compte aujourd'hui huit évêques, environ quatre cents missionnaires et prêtres et plus de cinq cent mille chrétiens, il sera enfin permis à nos coreligionnaires de professer leur foi sans avoir à redouter les plus épouvantables supplices. En retour, la sagesse de nos évêques et de nos missionnaires nous est un sûr garant qu'ils prendront soin de veiller à ce que les populations chrétiennes se montrent les plus soumises et les plus respectueuses de l'autorité du souverain de l'Annam.\n\nUn troisième point du traité est celui qui ouvre au commerce de toutes les nations un port dans la Cochinchine occidentale, un port dans le Tonkin, et qui assure le libre transit par le fleuve du Nhi-Hà (Shaungkoï), depuis la mer jusqu'au Yunnan.\n\nLa France, après avoir, de concert avec l'Angleterre, ouvert de nouveaux ports de la Chine au commerce européen, vient donc de poursuivre son œuvre de civilisation et de progrès, en obtenant l'ouverture des ports de l'Annam. Ce royaume sera du reste le premier à retirer des fruits de sa concession; car partout où le commerce européen pénètre, il apporte avec lui la tranquillité et le respect des propriétés comme celui des transactions. Le sud du Tonkin verra bientôt disparaître ces bandes d'insurgés qui y entretenaient un état de désordre permanent.\n\nNos navires protecteurs en auront bientôt fini avec cette flotte de pirates qui, depuis un temps immémorial, exerce des ravages sur les côtes, empêchant toute sortie de navires, tout commerce et jusqu'à la pêche dont les populations du littoral vivent en grande partie; débarquant des hordes de bandits qui pénètrent dans l'intérieur et se livrent à des pillages de toute espèce, enlevant les hommes pour les livrer aux racoleurs de coolies, vendant les femmes pour remplir les maisons de débauche de la Chine.\n\nLà où régnait la plus odieuse barbarie va régner désormais, sous l'abri de notre pavillon, l'activité commerciale, l'ordre et la prospérité. Déjà, sous la protection d'un simple poste que nous avons conservé à Haï-phuong, à l'embouchure du fleuve du Tonkin, un immense marché se tient tous les cinq jours, où les populations apportent des denrées et des objets d'échange de toute sorte.\n\nEnfin, messieurs, les avantages du traité qui vous est proposé nous assurent cet avantage d'avoir à l'avenir auprès du roi Tu-Duc un chargé d'affaires dont l'action conciliatrice fera certainement disparaître les malentendus ou les dissentiments qui pourraient s'élever entre nos nationaux ou nos coreligionnaires et les agents du gouvernement annamite.\n\nQuant à l'Espagne, qui, ayant une injure à venger, avait été notre alliée en Cochinchine, \n\n## 20 Août 1874\n\n... ne rien changer à ses relations diplomatiques actuelles.\n\nJOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\nqu'à que toute crainte à ce sujet soit dissipée par la loyale exécution du traité.\n\n295\n\n## 6005\n\nLe rang de cet envoyé, les honneurs et prérogatives auxquels il aura droit, seront ultérieurement réglés d'un commun accord et sur le pied d'une parfaite réciprocité entre les hautes parties contractantes.\n\nCet engagement politique ne s'étend pas aux traités de commerce. Mais, dans aucun cas, le gouvernement de Sa Majesté le roi de l'Annam ne pourra faire avec une nation, quelle qu'elle soit, de traité de commerce en désaccord avec celui conclu entre la France et le royaume d'Annam, et sans en avoir préalablement informé le Gouvernement français.\n\n**Art. 4.** Son Excellence le Président de la République française s'engage à faire détruire les registres et le dénombrement des chrétiens faits depuis...\n\nDo\n- cent canons de sept à seize centimètres de diamètre approvisionnés à deux cents coups par pièce;\n- mille cartouches.\n- De mille fusils à tabatière et de cinq...\n\nCes bâtiments et armes seront rendus en Cochinchine et livrés dans le délai maximum d'un an, à partir de la date de l'échange des ratifications.\n\n1° De cinq bâtiments à vapeur d'une force de cinq cents chevaux, et parait équipés, conformément aux prescriptions d'armement;\n \n... les articles du Thap Dieu dans lesquels des termes injurieux pour la religion sont employés.\n\nLes évêques et missionnaires pourront librement entrer dans le royaume et circuler dans leurs diocèses avec un passeport du gouverneur de la Cochinchine visé par le ministre des rites. Ils pourront en tous lieux prêcher la doctrine catholique. Ils ne seront soumis à aucune surveillance particulière, et les villages ne seront plus tenus de déclarer aux mandarins ni leur arrivée, ni leur présence, ni leur départ.\n\nSon Excellence le Président de la République française promet en outre de mettre à la disposition du roi des instructeurs militaires et des officiers de marine en nombre suffisant pour reconstituer l'armée et sa flotte; des ingénieurs et d'ateliers capables de diriger les travaux du génie; des hommes experts en matière de finances pour organiser le service des impôts et des douanes dans le royaume; des professeurs pour fonder un collège à Hué.\n\nLes prêtres annamites exerceront librement, comme les missionnaires, leur ministère. Si par leur faute une punition est répréhensible et si, aux termes de la loi, cette punition est passible du bâton ou du rotin, cette peine sera généralement commuée en une punition équivalente.\n\nIl sera assigné un lot de terrain de cent mètres d'étendue aux tombes de la famille Pham; un lot d'égale étendue à celles de la famille Hô.\n\nLes autres articles règlent les questions de douane, les droits de phare et d'ancrage, les frais de pilotage, etc.\n\nEn résumé, les stipulations du traité actuel auront pour effet d'établir entre les deux peuples un régime stable, sous lequel les liens d'amitié entre la France et l'Annam iront certainement en se resserrant chaque jour; aussi votre commission, après avoir appelé dans son sein M. le ministre de la marine et M. l'amiral Dupré, et avoir obtenu de l'honorable amiral de Montaignac et de l'énergique gouverneur de la Cochinchine les explications les plus complètes et les plus satisfaisantes, est-elle unanime à vous proposer l'adoption d'un traité également avantageux aux deux parties contractantes, et qui ajoute une nouvelle page au livre des conquêtes de la civilisation.\n\n## PROJET DE LOI\n\n**Article unique.** - Le Président de la République française est autorisé à ratifier et, s'il y a lieu, à faire exécuter le traité conclu à Saïgon, le 15 mars 1874, entre la France et le royaume d'Annam.\n\nUne copie authentique de ce traité sera annexée à la présente loi.\n\n## TRAITÉ\n\nS. Exc. le Président de la République française et S. M. le roi de l'Annam, voulant unir leurs deux pays par les liens d'une amitié durable, ont résolu de conclure un traité de paix et d'alliance remplaçant celui du 5 juin 1862, et ils ont en conséquence nommé leurs plénipotentiaires à cet effet, savoir:\n\nS. Exc. le Président de la République française,\n- Le contre-amiral Dupré, gouverneur et commandant en chef de la Basse-Cochinchine, grand officier de l'ordre national de la Légion d'honneur, officier de l'instruction publique, etc.;\n\nEt S. M. le roi de l'Annam :\n- Le Tuan, ministre de la justice, premier ambassadeur, et Nguyen van Tuong, premier conseiller du ministre des rites, deuxième ambassadeur, qui, après communication de leurs pouvoirs respectifs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des articles suivants :\n\n### Art. 2.\nIl y aura paix, amitié et alliance perpétuelles entre la France et le royaume d'Annam.\n\n### Art. 3.\nSon Excellence le Président de la République française, reconnaissant la souveraineté du roi de l'Annam et son entière indépendance vis-à-vis de toute puissance étrangère, lui promet aide et assistance et s'engage à lui donner, sur sa demande, et gratuitement, l'appui nécessaire pour maintenir l'ordre et la tranquillité dans son royaume, pour le défendre contre toute attaque, et pour détruire la piraterie qui désole une partie des côtes du royaume.\n\n### Art. 5.\nSa Majesté le roi de l'Annam reconnaît la pleine et entière souveraineté de la France sur tout le territoire actuellement occupé par elle et compris entre les frontières suivantes :\n- A l'est, la mer de Chine et le royaume des Nam (province de Binh Thuan);\n- A l'ouest, le golfe de Siam;\n- Au sud, la mer de Chine;\n- Au nord, le royaume du Cambodge.\n\n### Art. 6.\nIl est fait remise au roi d'une indemnité de guerre.\n\nUne convention additionnelle au traité, ayant même force que lui, fixera les conditions auxquelles le port de Ninh-Hai, celui de Hanoï et le fleuve du Nhi-Hà pourront être ouverts au commerce.\n\n### Art. 7.\nSa Majesté s'engage formellement à rembourser, par l'entremise du Gouvernement français, le restant de l'indemnité due à la France de tout ce qui lui reste dû de l'ancienne dette, s'élevant à 1 million de dollars (à 0,7 valeur du dollar), et à affecter à ce remboursement la moitié du revenu net des douanes des ports ouverts au commerce européen et américain, quel qu'en soit d'ailleurs le produit. Le montant en sera versé chaque année au Trésor public, à Saigon, chargé d'en faire la remise au gouvernement français, d'en tirer reçu et de transmettre ce reçu au gouvernement annamite.\n\n### Art. 8.\nSon Excellence le Président de la République française et Sa Majesté le roi de l'Annam accordent une amnistie générale, pleine et entière, avec levée de tout séquestre mis sur les biens de ceux de leurs sujets respectifs qui, jusqu'à la conclusion du traité et auparavant, se sont promis pour le service de l'autre partie contractante.\n\n### Art. 9.\nSa Majesté le roi de l'Annam, reconnaissant que la religion catholique enseignée par les missionnaires est une religion utile, révoque et annule toutes les prohibitions portées contre cette religion et accorde à tous ses sujets la permission de l'embrasser et de la pratiquer librement.\n\n### Art. 11.\nLe gouvernement annamite s'engage à ouvrir au commerce les ports de Thin-Mai dans la province de Binh-Dinh, de Ninh-Hai dans la province de Hai-Dzuong, la ville de Hanoi et le passage par le fleuve du Nhï-Hà, depuis la mer jusqu'au Yunnan.\n\n### Art. 12.\nLes sujets français ou annamites de France et les étrangers en général pourront s'établir, créer et se livrer librement à toutes opérations commerciales et industrielles dans les villes désignées.\n\n### Art. 13.\nLa France nommera dans chacun des ports ouverts au commerce un consul ou agent.\n\n### Art. 14.\nLes sujets du roi pourront, de leur côté, librement voyager, résider, posséder et commercer en France et dans les colonies françaises en se conformant aux lois.\n\n### Art. 15.\nLorsque des sujets français, européens ou cochinchinois, ou d'autres étrangers, désireront s'établir dans un des lieux ci-dessus spécifiés, ils devront se faire inscrire chez le résident français qui en avisera l'autorité locale.\n\n### Art. 16.\nToutes contestations entre Français ou entre Français et étrangers seront jugées par le résident français.\n\n### Art. 17.\nLes crimes et délits commis par des Français ou des étrangers sur le territoire de l'Annam seront connus et jugés à Saigon par les tribunaux compétents.\n\n### Art. 18.\nSi quelque malfaiteur coupable de désordres ou brigandages sur le territoire français se réfugie sur le territoire annamite, l'autorité locale s'efforcera de s'emparer du fugitif et de le rendre aux autorités françaises.\n\n### Art. 19.\nEn cas de décès d'un sujet français ou étranger sur le territoire annamite, ou d'un sujet annamite sur le territoire français, les biens du décédé seront remis à ses héritiers; en leur absence, ou à leur défaut, au résident qui sera chargé de les faire parvenir aux ayants-droit.\n\n### Art. 20.\nUn an après sa signature, S. Exc. le Président de la République française nommera un résident ayant le rang de ministre auprès de S. M. le roi de l'Annam.\n\n### Art. 21.\nLe présent traité remplace le traité de 1862 et le Gouvernement français se charge d'obtenir l'assentiment du gouvernement espagnol.\n\n### Art. 22.\nLe présent traité est fait à perpétuité. Il sera ratifié et les ratifications en seront échangées à Hué dans le délai d'un an et moins, si faire se peut.\n\nFait à Saigon, au palais du gouvernement de la Cochinchine française, en quatre expéditions, le dimanche, quinzième jour du mois de mars de l'an de grâce 1874, correspondant au vingt-septième jour du premier mois de la vingt-septième année de Tu-Duc.\n\n(S.) Contre-amiral DUPRÉ. (S.) LE TUAN et NGUYEN VAN TUONG.\n\n## Annexe no 2667.\n\n## PROJET DE LOI portant ouverture au ministre de la marine et des colonies, sur l'exercice 1875, d'un crédit supplémentaire de 304,923 francs.\n\n### EXPOSÉ DES MOTIFS\n\nMessieurs, l'article 6 de la loi du 10 juillet dernier relative à l'amélioration de la solde des sous-officiers de l'armée active, porte que les dispositions de ladite loi sont applicables aux troupes d'infanterie, d'artillerie de la marine, etc.\n\nPour réaliser cette bienveillante mesure, dont l'effet (art. 1er de la loi) doit remonter au 1er janvier 1875, il y a lieu d'ajouter au budget de la marine, pour l'exercice 1875, tel qu'il a été voté le 25 de ce mois, une somme de 304,923 francs.\n\n| Catégorie | Montant |\n| --- | --- |\n| Infanterie de marine. Augmentation de solde. Hautes payes et allocations journalières. | 112,926 |\n| Artillerie de marine. Augmentation de solde. Hautes payes et allocations journalières | 148,371 |\n| Compagnie de discipline. Augmentation de solde. | 384 |\n| Total | 304,923 |\n\n### PROJET DE LOI\n\n**Art. 1er.** Il est ouvert au ministre de la marine et des colonies, sur le budget de 1875, en addition au chapitre 5 (troupes), un crédit de 304,923 fr. pour amélioration de la solde des sous-officiers des troupes de la marine.\n\n**Art. 2.** Il sera pourvu à ce supplément de crédit au moyen des ressources générales de l'exercice 1875.",
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        "id": 296402,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12]",
        "page_number": 133,
        "title": "CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12]",
        "content_text": "43\n\n(12)\n\nLai Tin was then cited by Landstein and examined in open Court.\n\nLai Tin refused to sanction the agreement and claimed that it had been entered into by Ho Man Tsung without authority from Government. The steamer Dang Wee was sent to Hongkong to undergo certain repairs, and according to the report of the Commandant and his assistant received by this Government, the steamer was seized on account of money due by Un Tak Hau to the Firm of Landstein & Co., and the repairs to the steamer were in consequence stopped. I sent a despatch to Your Lordship, also one to H. E. the Governor on the subject, which I presume were duly received.\n\n12. The agreement being disputed was not insisted on by Mr. Kingsmill as binding on the plaintiff Landstein, and the order which discharged the Dang Wee from the attachment ceased to be in force and the Dang Wee is now in the custody of the sheriff as security to the plaintiff Landstein.\n\nOfficers on board the said steamer Dang Wee secretly became security for him without the knowledge of this Government. In the 1st moon of last year, (February, 1873), this Government sent the steamer Dang Wee to Hongkong...\n\n13. I have to add that under present circumstances every ship and all merchandise of H. M. the King of Annam that shall come to Hongkong will be seizable to secure to Landstein the payment of such amount as he shall be able to prove in the Supreme Court to be due to him, Landstein, from H. M. the King of Annam.\n\nIt is now more than a year ago, and the steamer has not yet returned. In the 4th moon of this year, (May and June), a gentleman agent of the Firm of Landstein & Co. came to this country and claimed a large sum of money - the matter was made known to the King who ordered an official to proceed to Hongkong with Un Tak Hau and Lai Afai who were to take with them several thousands of dollars and there to settle the claim with the Firm of Landstein & Co., so that the Dang Wee may be allowed to return for public service.\n\nIf, as is deposed to, the Commodore said to have been sold to H. M. Tu Duc and the Dang Wee which H. M. claims to have given up to him, be the same vessel, then it is clear that H. M. Tu Duc has possession of a steamer once the property of Landstein, and as it is not alleged in the letter to the Governor, or to the Chief Justice that the price for the Commodore has been ever paid, then it would seem that H. M. Tu Duc has the steamer of Landstein in his possession and that the price for it ought to be paid.\n\nThe Government was informed that the Firm of Landstein & Co. had acknowledged payment of $24,603, but that the sum of $150,000 was still due, and that the firm would not allow time, that they demanded that $75,000 should be paid at once, and desired that the deputed officer should be security for the balance. This surely cannot be just, why should a Government steamer be seized for a private debt, the steamer was seized because the debtors could not be found, but now they are forthcoming and are willing to pay their debt. If Un Tak Hau and Lai Afai are willing to pay a further sum of $20,000 or $30,000 when they return to their country and the balance when they have coined money, this appears to be very fair.\n\nA like remark applies to the account current for goods supplied. If H. M. has received them, there may be questions between H. M. and his servants as to them, but if these articles reached H. M. Tu Duc, it would seem but justice that H. M. should pay Landstein for them. It is quite open to H. M. to prove that he never received the goods or that the prices charged were too much or that Landstein is not entitled to payment for reasons to be shown, but until such reasons shall be shown, why should not H. M. Tu Duc pay to Landstein the sum claimed?\n\nSir,\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nYour most obedient and humble Servant,\n\n(Signed) W. H. ALEXANDER,\n\nRegistrar.\n\nHis Excellency,\n\nThe Minister of the Mercantile Marine of the Kingdom of Annam.\n\n(APPENDIX H.)\n\nThe Minister of Mercantile Marine of the Kingdom of Annam makes this communication to His Lordship the Chief Justice of Hongkong and begs his perusal of the same. In former years, the steamer Dang Wee belonging to this Government proceeded to Hongkong on public business...\n\nThe official who was deputed to settle the matter wrote and informed this Government that the Firm of Landstein & Co. had...\n\nThis Government asks and will deem it a great favour if your Lordship will order the firm of Landstein & Co. to accept Un Tak Hau and Lai Afai's payment and to allow them to pay the balance when they have made money in trade, and will kindly order the steamer Dang Wee to be released so that she may return for public service and save this Government further unnecessary expense.\n\nThis is my prayer. An answer to this despatch will much oblige. In conclusion, I beg to tender my best compliments.\n\n15th day of 8th Moon, 27th Year of Tu Duc.\n\n(25th September, 1874.)\n\nSealed with the seal of the Minister,\n\nPrinted at the Daily Press Office, Hongkong.\n\nSir,\n\n24,1829-\n\n75-\n\n130\n\nAttorney General's Office\n\n22nd May 1875.\n\nI have the honour to return herewith your minute of the interview between yourself and the Annamese Mandarins upon the 3rd of May, and in obedience to His Excellency's commands conveyed in your memorandum of the 16th of May, I beg to submit the following report upon the whole case.\n\nThe short facts are that on the 13th of October 1873, a suit for an alleged debt was commenced by writ of Summons against the King of Annam. On the 14th of October, the Dangwee was attached in the hands of her Commander...\n\nThe Honorable Cecil C. Smith\n\nActing Colonial Secretary",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12].txt",
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        "id": 296448,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12]",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12]",
        "content_text": "M. Tu Duc.\n\n(12)\n\n12.-The agreement being disputed was not insisted on by Mr. Kingsmill as binding on the plaintiff Landstein, and the order which discharged the Dang Wee from the attachment ceased to be in force and the Dang Wee is now in the custody of the sheriff as security to the plaintiff Landstein.\n\n13.-I have to add that under present circumstances every ship and all merchandise of H. M. the King of Annam that shall come to Hong-kong will be seizable to secure to Landstein the payment of such amount as he shall be able to prove in the Supreme Court to be due to him, Landstein, from H. M. the King of Annam.\n\nLai Tin was then cited by Landstein and ex-officers on board the said steamer Dung Wee secretly became security for him without the knowledge of this Government.\n\nIn the last 11th moon of last year, (February, 1873), this Government sent the steamer Dang Wee to Hong-kong to undergo certain repairs, and according to the report of the Commandant and his assistant, received by this Government, the steamer was seized on account of money due by Un Tak Hau to the Firm of Lanstein & Co., and the repairs to the steamer were in consequence of the seizure stopped.\n\nI sent a despatch to Your Lordship, also one to H. E. the Governor on the subject, which I presume were duly received. It is now more than a year ago, and the steamer has not yet returned. In the 4th moon of this year, (May and June), a gentleman agent of the Firm of Lanstein & Co. came to this country and claimed a large sum of money-the matter was made known to the King who ordered an official to proceed to Hongkong with Un Tak Hau and Lai Afai who were to take with them several thousands of dollars and there to settle the claim with the Firm of Landstein & Co., so that the Dang Wee may be allowed to return for public service.\n\nThe official who was deputed to settle the matter wrote and informed this Government that the Firm of Lanstein & Co. had acknowledged payment of $24,603, but that the sum of $150,000 was still due, and that the firm would not allow time, that they demanded that $75,000 should be paid at once, and desired that the deputed officer should be security for the balance. This surely cannot be just, why should a Government steamer be seized for a private debt, the steamer was seized because the debtors could not be found, but now they are forthcoming and are willing to pay their debt!\n\nIf as is deposed to the Commodore said to have been sold to H. M. Tu Duc and the Dang Wee which H. M. claims to have given up to him, be the same vessel, then it is clear that H. M. Tu Duc has possession of a steamer once the property of Landstein, and as it is not alleged in the letter to the Governor, or to the Chief Justice that the price for the Commodore has been ever paid, then it would seem that H. M. Tu Duc has the steamer of Landstein in his possession and that the price for it ought to be paid.\n\nA like remark applies to the account current for goods supplied. If H. M. has received them there may be questions between H. M. and his servants as to them but if these articles reached H. M. Tu Duc it would seem but justice that H. M. should pay Landstein for them. It is quite open to H. M. to prove that he never received the goods or that the prices charged were too much or that Landstein is not entitled to payment for reasons to be shown, but until such reasons shall be shown why should not H. M. Tu Duc pay to Landstein the sum claimed?\n\nI have the honor to be,\n\nSir,\n\nwilling to pay a further sum of $20,000 $30,000, when they return to their country and Your Lordship the balance when they have coined money, this appears to be very fair.\n\nIs Chief Justice of a Colony and would entertain complaints from subjects of all nationality and dispose of them justly, how much more would your Lordship not do for the Minister of this country. I am addressing your Lordship as an official of the Annamese Government, and on behalf of the Government not as a private individual, and I hope your Lordship will do justice in order to preserve for ever the dignity of this Government.\n\nYour most obedient and humble Servant,\n\n(Signed) W. H. ALEXANDER,\n\nHis Excellency,\n\nThe Minister of the Mercantile Marine of the Kingdom of Annam.\n\n(APPENDIX H) For the Minister of Mercantile Marine of the Kingdom of Annam makes this communication to His Lordship the Chief Justice of Hongkong and begs his perusal of the same. In former years the steamer Dang Wee belonging to this Government proceeded to Hongkong on public business, and it was stated that Un Tak Hau, who was on board, bought some goods for the purpose of gain--that he secretly bought from the Firm of Lanstein & Co., a small steamer and some ginseng, and also borrowed money of them-Lai Afai and Ng-a-wang who were on board the steamer Dung Wee secretly became security for him without the knowledge of this Government.\n\nIn the last moon of last year, this Government sent the steamer Dang Wee to Hong-kong to undergo certain repairs, and according to the report of the Commandant and his assistant, received by this Government, the steamer was seized on account of money due by Un Tak Hau to the Firm of Lanstein & Co.\n\nasks and will deem it a great favour if your Lordship will order the firm of Landstein & Co. to accept Un Tak Hau and Lai Afai's payment and to allow them to pay the balance when they have made money in trade, and will kindly order the steamer Dang Wee to be released that she may return for public service and save this Government further unnecessary expense, This is my prayer. An answer to this despatch will much oblige.\n\nIn conclusion I beg to tender my best compliments.\n\n15th day of 8th Moon, 27th Year of Tu Duc (25th September, 1874.)\n\nSealed with the seal of the Minister.\n\nPrinted at the \"Daily Press\" Office, Hongkong.\n\nSir,\n\nIn reply to your inquiry whether I have anything to add to my report, I have the honour to submit the following observations.\n\nThe Mandarin Cai Liu has written to me, his Counsel, from Annam, whither he proceeded in the Dangwee as soon as she was ready for sea, announcing his arrival and stating that Mr. Landstein had sent down a complete stranger.\n\nAttorney General's Office 16th July 1875-\n\n104\n\n176\n\nCopy judgment in the Case of the\n\nreturning the...\n\nas sent to the Government by the Chief Justice\n\nto submit the following observations.\n\nThe Honorable Cecil C. Smith\n\nActing Colonial Secretary",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-171 - Acting Governor Austin - 1875 [7-11] -- Sir Kennedy - 1875 [12].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875",
        "page_number": 366,
        "title": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875",
        "content_text": "72 \n\nIn the same Article, clauses respecting the importation and exportation of silk and the wood called \"goliem\" are introduced. \n\nMoreover, a clause respecting merchandize imported or exported in Chinese or Annamite ships is added to the IInd Article, and this clause is itself modified by a Supplementary Convention annexed to the Treaty. \n\nAn Article (No. XXVIII) is inserted at the end, renewing the promise made by the French Government in the Political Treaty to use its best endeavours to suppress piracy in Annam and its neighbourhood. \n\nThere are various verbal changes in several of the Articles of the Treaty. \n\nNone of the points in which the definitive text now published differs from that confidentially communicated to me, appear to have any material bearing upon the general character and scope of the Treaty, or upon those parts of it to which Her Majesty's Government have specially objected. \n\n4 \n\nIt is stipulated in Article XXIX that the ratifications shall in any case be exchanged before the 15th of March, 1875; the period therefore fixed for the ratification has, in fact, already expired. \n\nI have, &c. (Signed) LYONS. \n\nInclosure in No. 82. \n\nExtract from the \"Journal Officiel\" of July 5, 1875. \n\nProjet de Loi portant l'approbation d'un Traité de Commerce conclu à Saigon, le 31 Août, 1874, entre la France et le Royaume d'Annam, présenté au nom de M. le Maréchal de MacMahon, Duc de Magenta, Président de la République Française, par M. le Duc Decazes, Ministre des Affaires Etrangères. \n\nMessieurs, \n\nExposé des Motifs. \n\nVOUS avez approuvé, au mois d'Août dernier, les termes du Traité conclu, le 15 Mars de la même année, à Saigon, et destiné à définir et à fixer les nouveaux rapports politiques que nous sommes appelés à entretenir désormais avec le Royaume d'Annam. \n\nÚn Traité de Commerce, corollaire du précédent, avait également été préparé, à l'effet de régler les détails d'exécution, les tarifs des Douanes, les taxes de pavillon, la qualité et les attributions des fonctionnaires Français et Annamites appelés à se prêter un mutuel concours dans les ports ouverts, pour la première fois, aux navires de toutes les Puissances maritimes. \n\nMais la nécessité d'étudier quelques points dont l'examen avait été réservé a empêché que le texte du Traité Commercial ne vous fût soumis en même temps que celui du Traité Politique auquel il se rattache, et dont il précise les conséquences. \n\nAujourd'hui l'accord est complet entre nous et la Cour de Hué, et le Gouvernement a la confiance que ce nouvel acte obtiendra votre assentiment comme celui qui l'a précédé et préparé. Nous venons, en conséquence, prier l'Assemblée de nous autoriser à en échanger les ratifications avec la Cour d'Annam. \n\nProjet de Loi. \n\nArticle Unique.-Le Président de la République Française est autorisé à ratifier et, s'il y a lieu, à faire exécuter le Traité de Commerce conclu à Saigon, le 31 Août, 1874, entre la France et le Royaume d'Annam. \n\nUne copie authentique de ce Traité sera annexée à la présente Loi. \n\nTraité de Commerce. \n\nSon Excellence le Président de la République Française et Sa Majesté le Roi d'Annam, animés du désir de resserrer les liens qui unissent les deux nations et d'augmenter leur prospérité par la facilité donnée au commerce, ont nommé, dans ce but, pour leurs Plénipotentiaires, savoir :---- \n\nSon Excellence le Président de la République Française, le Contre-Amiral Krantz, Commandant-en-chef la Division Navale des mers de Chine et du Japon, Gouverneur par intérim et Commandant-en-chef en Cochinchine, Commandeur de l'Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur, &c. ; \n\n73 \n\nSa Majesté le Roi de l'Annam, les hauts fonctionnaires, Nguyen, van Tu'o'ng, Ministre de la Justice, décoré du titre de Ki-vi-ba, Premier Ambassadeur; et Nguyễn Tàng Doàn, thi lang du Ministre de l'Intérieur, deuxième Ambassadeur; \n\nLesquels, après communication de leurs pouvoirs respectifs trouvés en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des Articles suivants :- \n\nARTICLE I. \n\nConformément aux stipulations de l'Article XI du Traité du 15 Mars, le Roi de l'Annam ouvre au commerce étranger, sans distinction de pavillon ou de nationalité, ses ports de Thi-Nai, dans la province de Binh-Dinh de Ninh-Haï, dans la province de Haï-Duong, la ville de Hanoi et le fleuve de Nhi-Ha, depuis la mer jusqu'à la frontière Chinoise. \n\nARTICLE II. \n\nDans les ports ouverts, le commerce sera libre, après l'acquittement d'une taxe de 5 pour cent de la valeur des marchandises à leur entrée ou à leur sortie. Ce droit sera de 10 pour cent sur le sel. \n\nCependant, les armes et les munitions de guerre ne pourront être ni importées ni exportées par le commerce. \n\nLe commerce de l'opium reste assujetti à sa règlementation spéciale établie par le Gouvernement Annamite. \n\nL'importation des grains sera toujours permise moyennant un droit de 5 pour cent. \n\nL'exportation des grains ne pourra avoir lieu qu'en vertu d'une autorisation temporaire du Gouvernement de l'Annam, autorisation dont il sera donné connaisance au résident Français à Hué. Les grains seront, dans ce cas, frappés d'un droit de sortie de 10 pour cent. \n\nL'importation de la soie et du go-liem sera toujours permise, \n\nL'exportation de la soie et du bois dit \"go-liem\" ne sera permise chaque année qu'après que les villages qui payent leurs impôts avec ces deux denrées auront totalement acquitté cet impôt en nature, et que le Gouvernement Annamite en aura acheté les quantités indispensables à son propre usage. \n\nLe tarif d'entrée ou de sortie sur ces matières sera, comme pour toutes les autres marchandises, de 5 pour cent. \n\nLorsque le Gouvernement Annamite aura l'intention de profiter de ce droit de suspendre l'exportation de la soie et du bois \"go-liem,\" il en préviendra, au moins un mois à l'avance, le résident Français à Hué; il lui fera également connaître un mois à l'avance l'époque à laquelle l'exportation de ces denrées redeviendra libre. \n\nToutes les interdictions, à l'exception de celle qui concerne les armes et les munitions qui ne peuvent être transportées sans une autorisation spéciale du Gouvernement Annamite, ne s'appliquent pas aux marchandises en transit pour le Yunnan ou venant du Yunnan; mais le Gouvernement Annamite pourra prendre des mesures de précaution pour empêcher que les objets prohibés soient débarqués sur son territoire. \n\nLes marchandises transitant par le Yunnan n'acquitteront le droit de Douane qu'à leur entrée sur le territoire Annamite, qu'elles y arrivent par mer ou par la frontière de Chine (province du Yunnan). \n\nAucun autre droit accessoire ou supplémentaire ne pourra être établi sur les marchandises régulièrement introduites à leur passage d'une province ou d'une ville à une autre. \n\nIl est entendu que les marchandises importées ou exportées par des bâtiments Chinois ou appartenant à l'Annam seront soumises aux mêmes interdictions, et que celles importées ou exportées sous pavillon Chinois seront soumises aux mêmes droits que les marchandises importées ou exportées sous pavillon Européen ou Américain (ce que l'on entend dans ces deux Traités, par pavillon étranger), mais ces droits seront perçus séparément par les Mandarins Annamites du service de la Douane et versés dans une caisse spéciale, à l'entière disposition du Gouvernement Annamite. \n\nARTICLE III. \n\nLes droits de phare et d'ancrage sont fixés à trois dixièmes de taël par tonneau de jauge pour les navires entrant et sortant avec un chargement, et à quinze centièmes de taël par tonneau pour les navires entrant sur lest et sortant chargés, ou entrant chargés et sortant sur lest. \n\nU \n\n[81] \n\n358",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875",
        "content_text": "## Step 1: Understand the task\nThe task is to proofread OCR output of historical records related to Hong Kong, correcting spelling errors, fixing spacing issues, rejoining broken sentences, restoring paragraph breaks, and indicating missing words without rephrasing or rewriting the original text.\n\n## Step 2: Identify the input text\nThe input text appears to be a historical document, specifically a treaty between France and Annam (now part of Vietnam), dated 1874, discussing trade and commerce regulations.\n\n## Step 3: Analyze the input text for errors and formatting\nThe text contains numerous OCR errors, including misspellings, incorrect spacing, and broken sentences. It also lacks proper Markdown formatting.\n\n## Step 4: Correct spelling errors and spacing issues\nCorrecting spelling errors such as \"VRAISE\" to \"VRAI SE\" or more likely to the correct title or header, \"PROJET DE LOI\" is correctly spelled, \"Aokt\" to \"Août\", and other similar corrections throughout the text.\n\n## Step 5: Rejoin broken sentences and restore paragraph breaks\nRejoining sentences that were split due to OCR layout errors and restoring paragraph breaks where necessary to improve readability.\n\n## Step 6: Indicate missing words\nInserting `...` where words are clearly missing due to OCR damage.\n\n## Step 7: Apply Markdown formatting\nApplying Markdown formatting for headers, sub-headers, bold text, and tables as necessary.\n\n## Step 8: Check for specific formatting rules\nEnsuring that file references are formatted without spaces inside parentheses and that page numbering is preserved as per the original scan.\n\n## Step 9: Reorder text if necessary (for newspapers)\nSince the text is not from a newspaper but a treaty, reordering is not necessary based on the given content.\n\n## Step 10: Output in HTML format using  for paragraphs\nConverting the corrected and formatted text into HTML using `\n\n` for paragraphs.\n\nThe final answer is: \n\nVRAISE \n\n7 Août 1875 \n\n7 Août 18 \n\nPROJET DE LOI \n\net la ville d'Issoudun (Indre, en vue d'assue pense résultant de l'extension du caserres es définitivement approuvée. \n\nJOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE \n\nArticle unique. Le Président de la Républi Art La villa d'Issoudan est autorisé, à faire exécuter le traité de canimerce en que trançaise est autorisé à ratifier et, s'il y a emprunter à un taux d'intérêt qui ue à Saigon, le 31 août 1874, catre la France et tous rais compris, excéder à 5 1/2 p. 100 \n\nA Une copie authentique de ce traité sera an- le royaume d'Annam. \n\nexéo à la présente loi. \n\n1 Une somme de 350,000 fr., remboursa 25 ans, partir de 1875, et destinés a la em sion de ses dettes et à l'exécution des eng ments quelle a contractés sous la forme jus sides pour extension du essernement; \n\nTRAITÉ DE COMMERCE \n\n2. Une samme de 250,000 fe, sous forme vance, applicable aux dépenses du easereen francaise et sa Majesté le roi de l'Auram, animés Son Excellence le Président de la République at qui sera remboursée par l'Etat aux gondii désir de resserrer les liens qui unissent les ci-après déterminées. \n\ndenx nations et d'augmenter leur prospérité par la facilité donnée au commerce, out nommé dans grec hut pour leurs plénipotentiaires, savoir \n\nCes emprauts pourront être réalisé publicité et concurrence, soit do grif par voie de sonse:ptions avec facile d'emes dos obligations au porteur ou transmissible rois d'endossement, soit directement à in car des dépôts et consignatious, aux/conditions set établissement. \n\nfrançaise: \n\nSon Excellence le Président de la République \n\n9392370$475\n\nou exportées par des bâtiments chinois ou appar- | Art. 8. Les rangs du personnel mis au ser- tenant à l'Anbum seront soumises aux miêmés ín- vice da Sa Majosté, ses rapports officiels avec les terdictions, que celles, importées ou exportées autorités du pays, ainsi que ses émoluments, \n\nsous pavilion chincis, seront soumises aux mêmes droits que les marchandises importes ou expor tées sous pavillon européen ou americain (ce que l'on entend, dans ces deux traités, par pavillons étrangers), mais ces droits seront perus séparé- ment par les mandarins annamites du service de la douane at versés dans une caisse spéciale, à Fontière disposition du gouvernement aunamite. Art. 3. Les droits de plare et d'ancrage sont fixés à trois dixièmes de taël par tonnean de jange pour les navires entrant of scrtant avec un chargement, et à quinze ceutiònies de tal par tonneau pour les navires entrent sur jeg et går- tant chargés, on entrant chargés el sortant sur last \n\nBont considérés comme étant sur lært les navi- res dont la cargaison est interieure au vingtième de leur jatige en encombrement, et à 5 ir par Lonneau en valeur. \n\ncontre-amirai Krantz, coinmandant en chef la division navale des mere de Chine et du Ja Ies navires entrant sur lýst et partant sur lest pon, gouverneur par intérim et commandant eu ne payent aucun droit de phare et d'ancragef Les conditions des souscriptions à ouvriron cher en Cochinchine, commandie■r de l'ordre nu- Art. 4. Les marchandises expéditos de Saigo traités à passar de grégré sprout préational de la Légion d'honneur, etc. \n\npour un des ports ouverts du royaume d'Andam ment soumises à l'approbation du ministre 'intérieur. \n\nSa Majesté le roi de l'ânaam, les hauts fonc-on à destination de la province du Yunam. en tionnaires: \n\ntransit par le Nhi-Ila, et celles qui sont expé- dives de l'un de ces ports ou de la province du Yunam pour Saigon, ne seront soupisus qu'ă la moitié des dreitä\" frappant les marchandises de toute autre provenance ou ayant une autre desti- \n\nArt. 3. Lesdits emprants serent exemplad droits de limbre, mis par lgi à la harga communes. Cette exemption devra être née dans is corps méiné de titres à étérieur, deuxième ambassadeur, lesquels, après ainsi que la date, taut de la loi outorisation \n\nNguyen, van Ta'ting, ministro de la justice, dé- cord du titre de ki-vi-ba, premier ambassa- deur, et \n\n4 août 1874 que de le présente loj. \n\nNguén ting Doàn, thi lang du ministre de l'in- \n\ncommunication de leurs pouvoirs respectifs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, sent converus des articles suivants : \n\nArt. 4. --- La même ville est autorisée à poser extraordinairement, pendant vingt ans A partir de 1883, a centimes additioness \n\nArticta premier - Conformément aux stipula principal des quai contributions rectes. \n\ntions \n\nde l'article 11 du traité du 15 mars, le roi vant rapporter une somme totale de 22 de l'Annam ouvre aut commerce duranger, sans environ, pour sevir, avec un prélèvement distinction de pavilion ou de nationalité, ses ses revenus, au femboursement en principals de Thi-Nai, dans la province do Binh Dinh intérêta, de Temprant de 350,000 fr. \n\nde Nins-Hal, dans la province de Hai-Duong, la \n\nArt. 5. I somba de 250,000 fr., morville de Hanoi et le deure de Nhi-Ha, depuis la des avances faire à l'Etat par la villo ar jusqu'à la frontière chinoise, dim, sera versée en Trésor, aux époques et sera libre, après acquittement d'une taxe de Art. 2.-- Dans les ports ouverts, le commerce les proportions suivantes : \n\n1 Le 30 septembre 1875, 80,000 fr. \n\n2. Le 31 mars 1876, 83,000 ft. \n\n3 Le 3 mars 1877, 85,600 fr. \n\nCes sommes porteront intérêt au laui me \n\n15 pour 100 de la valeur des marchandises, à Heár entrée ou à leur sortie. Ce droit sera do \n\n10 pour 100 Bur le sel. \n\nCependant, les armes et les munitions de poerre ne pourrout euro ni importées vi expor- mum de 5 p. 100, à datar de l'époque dos vtées par le commerce, ments, et l'amortissement, également cutical; Le commerce de l'opium reste assujolti à sa taux qaximum de & p. 100, sera ellectul, réglementation spécialé établie par le gouverne- chaque versement, en douze aunuités payment annamito. par fermas semestriels. \n\nAuneze n' 3142. \n\nL'importation des graius sera toujours permise moyennant un droit de 5 p. 100. \n\nL'exportation des grains ne pourra avoir lieu qu'en vertu d'une autorisation temporaire du gouvernement de l'Aunem, autorisation dont il (Stanco du juillet 1875.) \n\nera donné connaissance au résident français à RAPPORT fait au nom de la comimlisis. Les grains seront, dans ce cas, frappés d'un \n\nchargée d'oxaminer le projet de loi pod roit de sortie de 10 p. 100. approbation d'un traité de commerce cuck L'importation de la soie et du go-liem serà Saigon le 31 août 1874, entre la Frana bujours perzise. royüme d'Anuam (urgence déckurde), part laniral Jaurès, membre de l'Assemble tionale. \n\n1 L'exportation de la sole et du bois dit « gu \n\ne ne sera permise chaque année qu'après que les villages qui paient leurs impôts avec cos deas denrées auront totalement acquitié cet im- Messieurs, par la loi du 4 août 1874, vou tot en nature et que le gouvernement annamise approuvé le traité conclu à Saigon, le 15 and \n\nda aura acheté les quantités indispensables à con la même annéo, entre la France et le reve \n\npropre usage. d'Annam, traité qui onvro de nouveaux Le tarir d'entrée ou de torlie sur ces matières aux navires de toutes les puissancos maríliqe \n\nra, comme pour toutes les autres marchaudi- Si le traité de commerce, qui devait es, de 5 p. 100. lement faire suite qu précédent, ne vemsig Lorsque le gouvernement annamite aura l'in- élé présenté à cette époque, c'est, ainsi que enton de profiter de ce droit de suspendre l'ex- l'a indiqué M. le ministro des affaires arrtation de la soie et du bois « go-liem », il eg ros, parce qu'il restait à étudier quelques préviendra su molas un mois à l'avance, le rési qui avaient été réservés et à régièr oërtaizd ent français à Iuo: it lui fers également con- talla qui demandaient un examen aussi da tre un mois à Tavanne l'époque à laquelle l'ex- que minutieux. \n\nsertation de ces denrées redeviendra libre. \n\nUne entente complète s'étant établie Toules les interdictions, à l'exception de celle notre Gouvernement et le souverain de l'Aan concerne les armes et les muuitions qui ne vous avez été saisis, le 17 juin dernier, d'indeuvent dire transportées sans une autorisation jet de loi ayant pour but d'uatoriser le Prospéciale da gouvernement annamite, ne s'appli- de la République à ratiller le traité commuž \n\nconclu & Saigon le 31 août 1874. \n\nKent pas aux marchandises eu transit pour le Jungm ou venant du Yunam; mais le gouvernṣ- Après une étude approfondie du travay bent annamite pourra prendre des mesures de Jui était soumis, votre commission, certes reaction pour empêcher que les objets prohi- servir les intérêts de la civilisation que la Fe soient débarqués sur son territoire. \n\n&toujours en vue, & conclu unanimement is doption du projet de loi suivant. \n\n(1) Cette commission est composée de M conto Benoist d'Azy, président: Courbett lard, secrétaire; l'anïiral de Kerjēgu, Te,issu do bort, le coate Desbassayas de Riche Fourcand, baron Decazes, Périn, Vandie comte de Rességuier, Delpit, Laboulayo, l'as Jaurés, A. Bouillier, Leuocl \n\ntas marchandises transitant par le Yunam equilteront le droit de douane qu'à leur en- fe kur le territoire annamite, qu'elles y arrivent ar ter ou par la frontière de Chine (province \n\nYam). \n\nAnen butre droit accessoire ou supplémen- ro ne pourra être diahli sur les marôliandises loretuent introduitos à leur passage d'une ovince ou d'une ville à nus autre, \n\nasi entendu que les marchandises importées \n\n| \n\nnation. \n\nPour éviter toute fraude et constater qu'ils vieunent bien de Saigon, ces bailments y feront viser leurs papiers par le capitaine du pork rig commerce al les y feront timbrer par le consul d'Àunam. \n\nLa douane pourra exiger des bâtiments, à leur départ pour Baigon, caution pour la moitié des droits duxquels ils ne sont pas soumis en vertu du paragraphe du présent arclo, et, sì la caution ne parait pas valable, la douane podrra exiger versement en dépôt de cetta moiti de droits, qui sera restituée après isstification. \n\nArt. 5. Le commerco pur terre entre la pro- vinen de Blephos et cells de Bish Tha restera provisoirement dans les conditions off-l est ca ce moment, c'est-à-dire qu'il ne pourra élre établi de nouveaux droits ai apporté aucuns modifica \n\ntion ant droits existants. \n\nDans l'année qui suivra l'échango des ratifica- tions du présent traité, une convention supplé mentaire réglera les conditions auxquelles sera soumis ce commerce par terre. \n\nEn tous les cas, Vexportation des chevaux do l'empire d'Annam à destination de in province de Bienlioa ne pourra êtro assujettie à des droits plus forts que ceux qui aut pays actuelle \n\nment. \n\n| \n\nseront régiós d'un commun accord entre les deux gouvernements. \n\nArt. 9. I comptabilité des douanes sera tenue en double dans les bureaux du service eu- \n\ndans les établissements financiers dé- \n\npar le gouvernement anaamite pour en- caisser le montant des droits. \n\nLes ordres de recette des droits devront por ter le visa du fonctionnaire français et celui du fonctionnaire anamite. Les mémas formalités so rout observées lorsque l'argent devra être ex- trait des caisses de la douane pour être versé dans celles de l'Etat. \n\nLes piéces de comptabilité et les registros re- rout comparés tous les mois. \n\nArt. 10. Serort prélevés sur le produit des droits de phare et d'ancrage, et, en cas d'insufli- sance, sur le produit des droits de douane, sans que jamais le prélèvement puisse dépasser la moitié du rovenu brut de ce dernier et dans l'ordre suivant: \n\nLa solde du personnel européen employé au service des dousues dos ports oaverts de l'An- mani, calle des employés annamites ou autres du même service; \n\nLa construction et l'antretien des bureaux de la douane; \n\n3 La construction et l'entretien des phares,. bateaux-fou, balisee: \n\nlos sondages; \n\n4° Les travaux de carage Entu, tootes les dépenses reconnues nécas- saires pour faciliter et activer le développement du mouvement commercial, \n\nArt. 11.Le tarif des droits établis par la pré- sonte convention sera applicable pendant dix ans à daler de l'échango des ratifications: pendant celte période, il ne pourra être modité que du commiin accord des deux hautes parties contrae- tantes et un an au moins après què la proposition en aura été faite par l'une d'elles. \n\nArt. 12 Toutes les contestations entre les étrangers et le personnel des douanes au sujet de l'application des règlements douaniers seront jugées par le consul et un magistrat annamite. \n\nArt. 13. -- Lorsqu'un bâtiment français ou étranger avrivera dons los eaux de l'un des ports ouverts au commerce étranger, il aura la faculté d'engager tel pilote qui lui conviendra pour de faire conduire immédiatement dans le port, et de même quaud, après avoir acquitté toutes les charges légales, il sera prêt à mettre à la voile, on au pourra pas lui refuser des pilotes pour le sertir du port ŝana retard ni détai.” \n\nTout individu qui vondra exercer la profession do pote \n\nles baliments étrangers pourra, sur la présentation de trois certificats de capi lames de navires, être commissionné par le con- sul de France et le capitaine du port.\" \n\nLa rétribution payée aux pilotes sera réglée selon l'équité, pour chaque port en particulier par le cousul on agent consulaire es le capitaine du port, en raison de la distance et des difficul- tés de la navigation. \n\nArt. 6. Pour assurer Ja perception des droits et afin d'éviter les conflits qui pourraient nare entre les étrangers et les autorités annamites in Gouvernement français mettra à la disposition du gouvernement aunamite les fonctionnaires bé- cessaires pour diriger le sorvice des douages sous la surveillance et l'autorité du ministre chargé de cette partie du service public. Il sideru également le gouvernement annumite à orgați- ser sur les côtes un service de surveillanco e-sés pour surveiller le navire et empêcher qu'il cace pour protéger la commerce. \n\nAuong Européen non français ne pourra dre employé dans les douanes des ports ouverts sahe Tagrément da consul de reuce ou du résident français prés la cour de Hué avant le payandyt intégral \n\nde judemnité espagnole. \n\nCa payement terminé, si le gouvernement anda- mite juge que ses fonctionnaires employes dans les douanes peuvent se passer de concoure les fonctionnaires français, les deux gouvernements s'entendrout au sujet dés mollifications que celte détermination rendra nécessaires. \n\nArt. 7. Lea dobares des porte ouverts au commerce étranger devaut dire dirigées par in fonctionnaire aniamite résidant à Ninhelaï, an fonctionnaire français, mis à la disposition du gouvernement aramie et portant le titre de Chef du service européen, résidera dans le mêmes port, alin de se concerter avec lui sur toutes les mesures de détail gyant pour but la bonne or- ganisation du service. \n\nArt. 14. Dès que le pilote aura introduit un navira de commerce stranger dans le port, is chef de la donann déléguera un ou deny prépo- \n\nno se pratique aucune fraude. Gos préposés pour- rout, selon leurs convenances, reater dans leurs propres bateaux ou se tenir à bord du bâti- ment. \n\nLes frais de leur solde, de leur nourriture et de leur entretien seront à la charge de la donane, et ils ne pourront exiger aucuss indemnité on rétribution quelconque des capitaines ou des consignataires. Tonts contravention à cette dis- position entraidera une ponition proportionnelle au montant de l'exachou, laquelle séra en outre Intégralement restitude. \n\not \n\nAr, 15. Dans les vingt-quatre heures qui suivront l'arrivée d'un navire de commerce étran ger dans l'un des ports ouverts au commerce étrangar, le capitaine, s'il n'est dament empêché son défaut le subrecargue va le consigna- taire, devra se rendre an consulat de France et remettra entre les mains du consul les papiers du bord, les connaissements et le manifeste. Dans les vingt-quatre heures suivantes, le consul en- verra a chef de la douano un extrait du rôle \n\nponi du navire, le tonnage légal du bâtiment et la maturo de son chargement, par suite de la négligence du capitaine, cette dernière for- lite n'avait pu être accomplio dans les quarante huit heures qui suivront Tarrés du navire de capitaine sera passible d'une amende de cin quanto piastros par jour de refard au profit de la caissé des douanes; ladite trende, toutefois, \n\nTous les Europoens employés dans Ins douznes relèveront directement du chet du service eugo-d'équipage et une note détaillée indiquant le péon. It aura le droit de correspondre pour les affaires de douanes et de commerce avec le con- sul français et avge le résidant français à né. Le chef du service européen et le ont du ser- vide annamite s'entendront pour les rapports à adresser au ministre des fluances. En cas de dis- sentiment, chacun d'eux pourra s'adresser direc- tement à ce haut fonctionnaire.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-172 - Public Offices & Others - 1875.txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 298506,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "page_number": 430,
        "title": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "content_text": "same likin tax, an explanation which one has not much difficulty, in accepting\n\nThis witness states\n\nthat tea and camphor are the only exports which pay the likin tax in Formosa, and that no other duties are leviable except a small most duty\" - It may not be out of place to point out that opium shipped from Hongkong to Tokhang Formosa pays at least a tax $130 per chest before it is laid down there\n\nq\n\n14. The next Enclosure W:10\n\nis a most interesting document\n\nand the information contained in it may be taken as reliable\n\n428\n\nbecause it has been corroborated\n\nfrom another source which is known to this Excellency - The first part of the enclosure details how a well-known Chinese Military Officer, Whampoa Jak, the Tow Bong Commandant induced a number of the principal\n\nChinese Hongkong merchants to visit\n\nCanton in order to make some\n\narrangement with the provincial Authorities so as to raise the Blockade of this Port - On the 8th January last thirteen merchants representing fifteen Hong here the homes of which are\n\nwent to Canton and\n\non the 9th and 10th\n\nthey assembled\n\nat Pang Kat's Canton private residence",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 298545,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "page_number": 469,
        "title": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "content_text": "Alongthing... \n\nFormosan trade from Lokings tortingsing \n\n* Vici veren - Evidence of Choy. sting min - nothing but lekin tax on Camphor lea on Formsan exports.\n\nAg Man Kwan 11015 76 tales the principal chinese hongs were The owners 467 of at Songrong invited by Mandarin Fang Yuk- the commandant as Kowloon to send the representatives to Canton to discuss Blockade question. The hongs marginally enumerated sent representatives. They The yüne Far Song Sang yor saw Colonel Iro at private house at Canton Enclrence W9.\n\nHop Hing 4 Man Juke sing F and be suggested that L Sak mee Hop Hee then should petition Luck me song the Hor sin-conj to 4 + 爷 Thin Hai keing Hong establish a bustion Henne M Es tai 4 Hong in Hongkong pust 4 Ee Jung Hong the same the way ho 4 Kwan sting Cheung Sony Macao merchante had Whaw bheung. Wing Ohran Fun 450 Juk Man being Zrine on Jai Wo Dai Hong\n\n# 4 Them Den hung tone hung stong petitioned for a custom house at attress_they refused to do only saw They 00. They Pang yake. the did not see Veceroy",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 298546,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "page_number": 470,
        "title": "CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8]",
        "content_text": "To Karoy. Tang Yun showed them a draft of the Macao petition. On their return to Hongkong, Hop Hing's representative made inquiries and found that the local merchants had not presented a petition. When the sales represented by Wong, Li Bhey- (represented by Ng-to Chine, Yik Vik Pan on behalf of the Take other hong - He is not here) were present, I can get Mow- He is in the country - some of the others who are the master of the Hop Hing, a great friend of the Mandarins and he does not like to give any information. I should have had him here.\n\nInly 1876, 11 o'clock, brought than Li, Hongo partner statemento Dat overe dwan 468 Song made. And yine on Jan (in book) (represented the Chine Sheung Wing). On the 12th day of 12th moon (8th January 1876), 18 persons went to Canton at the request of Pang Yun, the Slowloon Commandant, to treat about the Blockade.\n\nThe 15 firms mentioned by Man & Wan were represented. Chan Lin Choy represented two songs as he is a partner in both, viz: On Dair Dive Oshow Hongo and the \"Buen Zuen\" were represented by On the 13th and 14th (9th & 10th January), one person had an interview with Pang Yuk at Mr. Man Kwan chez, master of the Ynew Hong and Wong Zik Pan, master of the Chin Theung Wing Hong. They also brought with them a man named Chan Ga Jung, but we did not see any other officer. We were shown the trades through the ban with the southern prefectures. The Kin Fring, Mee Hong, Hoppo or Elwo, the grain Commissioner, spoke to us.\n\nWe were taken by Pang Yuk to petition the Hong...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-174 - Sir Kennedy - 1876 [4-8].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 299483,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "page_number": 320,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "sources already in the passion of Malget. \n\nYun Lelf. will see that M. Depuis conclusion is that \n\nAnnam las \n\nbut \n\ngiven Kothring Signetine \n\na that practically \n\nis more closed. \n\nTham Li \n\nFrety, the Country \n\nThan Ever. \n\n(Sol) Lyon \n\nSAMEDI 2 DÉCEMBRE 1876. \n\nL'ÉCONOMISTE FRANÇAIS. \n\nrait de celte province, au milieu de populations non-set- lement inoffensives, mais sympathiques, et de fonctionnaires dont de nombreux cadeaux fai conciliaient la bonne grâce. Arrivé au Yan-Nan, il y recut le meilleur accueil des mandarins, auxquels il fit voir sans peine dans l'ouverture du fleuve Rouge on moyen de remédier à la mauvaise situation que la guerre civile, d'une part, le défaut de débouchés, de Fautre, avaient faito à leur province. Le Yun-Não est resté jusqu'ici un pays pauvre, I produit cependant assez de vivres pour la nourriture de ses habi- tants, et ses vallées sont très-fertiles; mais, pour les articles industriels, tels que les tissus et les vêtements, il dépend tout à fait des provinces voisines, car on n'y récolte, pour ainsi dire, ni coton ni soie, mais, en échange des marchan- dises qu'il demande, Je Yan-Nan peut offrir, indépendaument de ses thés de qualité supérieure, les riches produits de son sous-sol, For, l'argent, le fer, le cuivre, le plomb, l'étain, le zinc, le mercure, la houille. Toutes ces richesses demeurent par malheur à peu près inexploitées, faute de moyens d'écoulement, les transports par la Chine elle-même étant d'une grande difficulté et d'une lenteur extrême. Le fleuve du Tong-Kin une fois ouvert à une navigation libre et régul- lière, c'est par centaines de millions qu'il faudrait chiffrer la valeur des produits qui prendraient cette voie, pour pénétrer en Chine ou pour en descendre à la mer. \n\nLe moment paraissait d'ailleurs mal choisi pour une tentative de ce genre: la guerre civile était dans toute sa force, et on ne parlait de rien moins que d'abandonner la province aux musulmans. La commission du Mé-Kong y avait même couru un grand danger sans le savoir, celti d'être emprisonnée dans la ville d'Yun-Nän-Sèn, capitale da pasy, qu'elle venait à peine de quitter lorsque les insurgés l'investirent. M. Dupuis prit donc le parti de retourner à Han- Kéou et d'y attendre une heure plus propice, et pour la hater en tant qu'il dépendait de lui, il expédia aux troupes imperiales une grande quantité d'armes perfectionnées, parmi lesquelles des canons rayés de fabrique française, qu'accompagnaient des Européens chargés d'en enseigner lé maniement aux Chinois. Mais, en 1870, voyant que la guerre menaçait de s'éterniser, il n'y tint plus et gagna de nouveau le Yun-Nau par la voie du Yang Tse-Kiang, bien décidé cette fois à pousser à tout hasard jusqu'au fleuve Rouge. \n\nNotre compatriote y retrouva les autorités dans les mêmes bonnes dispositions où il les avait laissées: elles lui don- nèrent des lettres de recommandation pour divers chels qu'il devait rencontrer en chemin, et, se dirigeant au sud-ouest, il se mit en route. A Tong-keou, le maréchal Ma, qui assiégeait cette ville, lui donna une escorte de treute hommes commandée par un mandarin militaire, auquel il adjoignit un inandarin civil, Arrivée à Mout-Ze, cette escorte refusa de le suivre plus loin, mais les auto rités lui en fournirent une seconde et il s'avanca resold- ment vers la haute vallée du Song-Koi, malgré les bruits peu encourageants qui circulaient sur les tribus indépen- dantes de cette vallée. Mais, près de franchir les bautes crêtes qui l'en séparaient, il fut de nouveau délaissé par son escorte, pen désireuse de s'engager dans une région que les habitants des plateaux tiennent pour être très-insa- lubre, et ce ne fut pas sans beaucoup de dangers, de ta- tigues et de privations de toutes sortes que le couragenx voyageur atteignit le Hong-Kiang, ou fleuve Rouge, nom que la grande artère fluviale du Tong-Kin porte en Chine ou sur le territoire des tribos indépendantes, et qu'il doit à la couleur de ses eaux. Il le descendit jusqu'à Kouen-Ce, premier poste amamite, et comme on ne l'aurait pas laissé le franchir, il dat borner là son exploration. Aussi bien pouvait-il considérer son but principal comme atteint: il avait, en effet, acquis la certitude qu'à partir du point où il était arrivé, le fleuve ne présentait pas d'obstacles à la navigation jusqu'à la mer. La voie nouvelle présentait sur celle de Bhâm l'avantage de pouvoir être utilisée de suite sans aucuns travaux; elle répondait aux besoins commer- ciaux, non-seulement des provinces chinoises de Yun-Nan, de Sze-Tchuen, de Kouci-Tcheou, de Kouang-Si, mais -encore da Tibet, du Laos, du Tong-Kin, et ouvrait de belles perspectives au commerce du monde entier, mais surtout à celui de la France. \n\nDe retour au fun-Nâu, l'intrépide explorateur y reçut des mandarins le meilleur accueil, et tous lui manifestèrent un vif désir de voir le fleuve Rouge s'ouvrir au commerce de leur province. Le royaume d'Angam étant tributaire du Céleste-Empire, les Chinois avaient déjà le privilége de commercer avec le Tong-Kin, et il semblait aux autorités de Yun-Nâu qu'elles étaient d'autant plus fondées à réclamer la libre circulation sur le Song-Koi, que ce cours d'eau y a \n\nses sources et sa vallée supérieure. Elles donnèrent done à M. Dupuis des pouvoirs en règle qui lui permettaient d'organiser une expédition, et grâce auxquels il espérait ve- nie à bout de sa tâche sans trop de peine. Il fallait bien envisager cependant l'hypothèse où les Annamites lui re- fuseraient obstinément un libre passage et où il faudrait recourir à la force pour se le frayer. Mais cetto perspective laissait M. Dupuis sans grande inquietude. Les renseigne- ments qu'il avait recueillis durant ses excursions parmi les tribus sauvages du Tong-Kin nord occidental ne lui avaient pas communiqué une haute idée du courage des Annamites. Voyez, lui avait dit un des chefs montagnards, voyez mes » homines; ils n'ont que des lances, et cependant une > centaine d'eux font fuir un millier d'Annamites. Ils fuient » à toutes jambes et ce n'est qu'en embuscade qu'il offrent quelque résistance. » Ce dire avait bien paru à M. Da- puis quelque peu vantard; mais il avait eu depuis l'occa sion de le contrôler, et il en avait reconnu toute l'exacti- lude. \n\nAvant de se lancer dans son entreprise, il jugea opportun de se rendre en France, et c'est là que nous le retrouvons eu 1872. Il avoue sans détour que les personnes auxquelles il s'ouvrit de ses projets lui tinrent un langage tres-découra- geant. Elles lui dépeignaient avec force la mauvaise foi et la cruauté bien connues des mandarins annamites; elles lui représentaient le Tong-Kin en proie à la guerre civile, le pays très-montagneux, le fleuve très-encaissé et la facilité avec laquelle on pouvait en intercepter la navigation, ainsi que les Chinois l'avaient fait jadis pour le Pei-Ho; elles lui ontraient enfin son einbouchure occupée par des troupes de pirates, bien décidés à n'y laisser pénétrer personne. Le propre des convictions robustes est d'avoir réponse à tout, et aucune objection n'était capable de refroidir l'ar- deur de M. Dupuis, son enthousiasme même : « Voyez, » répliquait-il, ce que les Anglais savent faire dans des \n\n• circonstances moins favorables que les miennes; il fant » de la persévérance, un peu d'énergie, et c'est tout. Il était très-désireux néanmoins de se concilier l'appui, au moins moral, de son pays; et c'est à cette fin qu'il fit des dé- marchies près du ministère de la marine. L'accneil qu'il en reçut fat, il le reconnait, des plus bienveillants; mais on ne lui cacha point que, dans les circonstances actuelles, la France ne pouvait faire que des veux pour son succes. On ferait officicusement pour lui tout ce qu'on pourrait, mais sans s'engager. C'était à lui de se frayer un passage à sos risques et périls, et si un sort funeste devait mal- heureusement lui échoir, oa n'interviendrait pas pour venger sa mort ou celle de ses compagnons. \n\nLe 14 avril 1872, M. Dupuis quittait la France, ot, le 15 mai suivant, il prenait terre à Saigon, où le général d'Arbaud, gouverneur par intérim, le recut fort bien, et d'où il repartit bientôt pour se rendre à Shang-Hai et y procéder aux derniers préparatifs de son expédition. Revenu à Saigon, le 12 septembre, il y anodifia ses in- tentions premières qui avaient été d'abord de se faire con- duire à Hae, capitale de l'Annam, sous la protection du pavillon français, et il prit le parti de gagner directement avec ses gens, le goile du Tong-Kin. Il fut toutefois con- venu entre lui et le gouverneur qu'un vapeur francais croiserait, à tout événement, dans les parages de Hai-Phong, où l'expédition devait rallier. Elle se composait de deux canonnières à vapeur, d'une chaloupe à vapeur, d'une grande jonque, auxquelles un bateau à roues s'adjoignit plus tard, et que montaient 150 hommes, dont 25 Européens et le restant Malais, Chinois, Manillais. Pour l'équiper et pour Farmer, M. Dupuis avait dù engager toute sa fortune et faire, à part une certaine somme qui fut versée entre ses mains par les autorités de Yun-tan, Lous les premiers frais de l'entreprise. Mais une convention en règle lui as surait 10,000 piculs d'étain, calculés à forfait sur le picd de 100 francs chacun; il devait, en outre, vendre pour le compte des mandarins et à valoir sur ses propres dépenses, 12,000 autres piculs de cuivre; on lui promettait enfin une large part dans l'exploitation des mines; le tout, en somme, constituant des conditions tris-avantageuses, comme il en convient lui-même. \n\nLe 8 novembre 1872, l'expédition mouillait près de llaï- Phong, et y trouvait l'aviso le Bourayne, commandant Senez, que le général d'Arbaud, lidèle à sa promesse, avait dépêché Pour lui faciliter l'entrée du Song-Koi. Le delta de ce fleuve est uu immense dépôt d'alluvions formées par les détritus qu'il entraîne à l'époque de ses hautes eaux, et le littoral est si bas qu'il est très-difficile d'en reconnaître les bouches, outre que de nombreux hauts-fonds rendent cette opéra- tion périlleuse. M. Dupuis l'éprouva lui-même, ca essayant de pénétrer tour à tour par celles de ces bouches qui por- \n\n7001 \n\n315",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876.txt",
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    {
        "id": 309220,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 560,
        "title": "CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "553\n\n\"erious consequences. I therefore deem it proper, in reporting the circumstances, to ask, if feasible, that His Excellency the Senay may be moved to urge \"Mr Hewlett, the British Consul to \"write to the foreign Officials at Hongkong and request them to give \"over to me without further delay \"Yong Pak me- Kaw and the other \"prisoners that I may convey them to Canton for trial.\n\nThe adjutant, in forwarding the above, remarks that Lieutenant Li-heig, Commandant of the Kwang An Steamer was sent to Hongkong under instructions from His Excellency the Viceroy to receive and bring to Canton Yang Pak-mo-Kaw and other Criminals, and that having reported that he has waited in Hongkong for a long time when the rendition of the prisoners has been unduly delayed, it becomes the duty of the Adjutant, in representing the matter to His Excellency, to request that Mr Hewlett, the British Consul, be urged to write to the foreign official at Hongkong with a view to speedy rendition of the criminals and their conveyance to Canton for trial.\n\nWith reference to the foregoing, the Sherry finds that some time ago the Magistrate of the Kwai shing District requested that Yang Pak-mo-Kaw and twelve other criminals, who",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-193 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [5-7].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 310286,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 412,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "\"ai Pany regiment and Commandant of the Seamer Ruang - An, to the following effect.\n\nI received some time ago instructions from His Excellency the Governor to proceed to Houghong with a despatch from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul, which I was to present and wait until Yang Pak Mo-Kaw and other criminals, 13 in all, were handed over to me for conveyance to Canton, to be there tried and punished. In obedience thereto, I proceeded to Houghong, where, on arrival, I presented the despatch at the office of the Colonial Secretary, by whom I was told to await a reply. This I duly reported at the time. Subsequently, I went repeatedly to the Colonial Secretary's Office to receive further tidings. At first, I was told to wait until His Excellency the Governor had decided upon what action to take; afterwards, they told me to remain until a reply was received from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul.\n\n\"I could respectfully state that since the 15th December, the date when I arrived in Houghong and presented the despatch, more than a month has now elapsed during which time I have been waiting in Houghong without receiving charge of the criminals for conveyance back to Canton. As the matter is one which involves the rendition of criminals...\n\nPage 410\n\n... (text is cut off, but it appears to be a continuation of the previous sentence)\n\nHowever, to follow the exact output format as requested, here is the revised version:\n\n\"ai Pany regiment and Commandant of the Seamer Ruang - An, to the following effect.\n\nI received some time ago instructions from His Excellency the Governor to proceed to Houghong with a despatch from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul, which I was to present and wait until Yang Pak Mo-Kaw and other criminals, 13 in all, were handed over to me for conveyance to Canton, to be there tried and punished. In obedience thereto, I proceeded to Houghong, where, on arrival, I presented the despatch at the office of the Colonial Secretary, by whom I was told to await a reply. This I duly reported at the time. Subsequently, I went repeatedly to the Colonial Secretary's Office to receive further tidings. At first, I was told to wait until His Excellency the Governor had decided upon what action to take; afterwards, they told me to remain until a reply was received from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul.\n\n\"I could respectfully state that since the 15th December, the date when I arrived in Houghong and presented the despatch, more than a month has now elapsed during which time I have been waiting in Houghong without receiving charge of the criminals for conveyance back to Canton. As the matter is one which involves the rendition of criminals...\n\n410\n\n \nhas been rewritten to \nPage 410\n\nThe final output is \n\"ai Pany regiment and Commandant of the Seamer Ruang - An, to the following effect.\n\nI received some time ago instructions from His Excellency the Governor to proceed to Houghong with a despatch from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul, which I was to present and wait until Yang Pak Mo-Kaw and other criminals, 13 in all, were handed over to me for conveyance to Canton, to be there tried and punished. In obedience thereto, I proceeded to Houghong, where, on arrival, I presented the despatch at the office of the Colonial Secretary, by whom I was told to await a reply. This I duly reported at the time. Subsequently, I went repeatedly to the Colonial Secretary's Office to receive further tidings. At first, I was told to wait until His Excellency the Governor had decided upon what action to take; afterwards, they told me to remain until a reply was received from Mr. Hewlett, the British Consul.\n\n\"I could respectfully state that since the 15th December, the date when I arrived in Houghong and presented the despatch, more than a month has now elapsed during which time I have been waiting in Houghong without receiving charge of the criminals for conveyance back to Canton. As the matter is one which involves the rendition of criminals...\n\nPage 410",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 310287,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 413,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "and their conveyance to Canton for \"trial, it is apprehended that delay of this sort may be attended with \"serious consequences\". I therefore \"deem it proper, in reporting these \"circumstances, to ask, if feasible, 'that His Excellency, the Viceroy \"may be moved to urge\n\nJW. Hewlett, the British Consul to write to the \"foreign officials at Hongkong and \"request them to give over to us \"without further delay Yang Pak-mo Kam and the other prisoners that I may convey them to Canton for \"trial. The Adjutant-General, in forwarding the above, remarks that Lieutenant Leung Tai, Commandant of the Kuang Au steamer was sent to\n\nPage 1\n\n411\n\nHongkong under instructions from His Excellency the Viceroy to receive and bring to Canton Yang Pak-mo Kam and other criminals, and \n\nthat having now reported that he has waited in Hongkong for a long time while the rendition of the prisoners has been unduly delayed, \"it becomes the duty of the Adjutant-General, in representing the matter to His Excellency, to request that Mr Hewlett, the British Consul, may be urged to write to the foreign official at Hongkong with a view to the speedy rendition of the criminals and their conveyance to Canton for trial.\n\nWith reference to the foregoing the\n\nNisray",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 310288,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 414,
        "title": "CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Some time ago the Magistrate of the Kwai shun District requested that Yang Pak-mo-kai and twelve other criminals, who had been arrested in Hongkong and had been handed into the temporary charge of a foreign official, should be forwarded to Canton for trial and punishment. Le Ping Cai, Commandant of the left battalion of the Sai pang regiment, was at this time directed to proceed to Hongkong and bring Yang \"Pak-mo Kai and the other prisoners to Canton, where they were to be sent through the British Consul to the Viceroy yamen whence instructions would issue for their trial. The British Consul was requested to move His Excellency, the Governor of Hongkong to hand over the criminals, and Le Lieutenant Le King Cai went with a despatch from the Consul to receive them.\n\nInstructions have been issued through the adjutant to Le King Cai to remain and receive over Yang Pak mo-kai and the other criminals to be conveyed to the Viceroy yamen in the manner above described. At the same time the Viceroy, as in duty bound, writes this despatch to the British Consul and begs to express a hope that he will move His Excellency the Governor of Hongkong to hand over the criminals without delay to Lieutenant Le King Cai that they may be conveyed under...\n\nPage 412",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-195 - Governor Hennessy - 1881 [1-4].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 323205,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-212 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [10-11]",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-212 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [10-11]",
        "content_text": "3) the advice of the Registrar General.\n\nC.\n\na Chinese Proclamation, of which\n\na\n\nEnclosure!\n\n(b) Translation\n\n- copy is annexed. \"This same Proclamation was issued by me in August last year by the advice of Mr. Russell, then Registrar-General. Three high Officials of the Chinese Government, Admiral Wang, the Magistrate of Sin On, and the Military Commandant of Kowloong, had paid me a visit and informed me that a large number of the Sam Hop Ui were at the time assembled in the Colony; and their information corroborated by the Police. Shortly after the Proclamation had appeared, Admiral Wang called on the Registrar General to thank him for the action which this Government had taken, which he said had effectually dispersed the Members.\n\nThe Vice Roy has informed the Acting Consul at Canton that it may be impossible, in the face of the popular indignation (on account of the verdict), to afford protection to the Colony.\n\n#\n\nn.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-212 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1883 [10-11].txt",
        "external_url": "",
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    },
    {
        "id": 324234,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 266,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "944 16 Mai [CHAMBRE]\n\nLe traité de 1874 avait pour principal objet de donner au gouvernement d'Annam les moyens de maintenir, avec notre concours, l'ordre et la tranquillité dans ses Etats, notamment contre les brigands si connus sous le nom de Pavillons Noirs. Eh bien! messieurs, il est aujourd'hui établi, par les témoignages les plus certains, par l'aveu même des ministres du roi Ta-Duc, que c'est lui-même qui entretient à sa solde les Pavillons-Noirs, que nous étions chargés de l'aider à réprimer.\n\nDEBATS PARLEMENTAIRES\n\nressources commerciales, les voies de communication, l'esprit des populations, les complications possibles, où toutes les difficultés ont été présentées avec force, où toutes les objections ont été soulevées, ces discussions, il faut le reconnaître, donnent un singulier relief, une valeur bien remarquable, à des volontés si persistantes et si éclairées. (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nMais, messieurs, il faut reconnaître que si les volontés n'ont pas varié, il n'en a pas été de même de la politique. Là, il a régné une trop grande et une trop longue incertitude.\n\nLe traité de 1874 avait un autre objet, c'était d'établir la parfaite indépendance de l'Annam à l'égard de toute autre puissance. Il est avéré aujourd'hui, il est évident, il est patent que c'est le gouvernement d'Annam lui-même, que c'est le roi Ta-Duc qui a réveillé les prétentions assoupies de la Chine; qui entretient avec elle des manoeuvres, des intelligences dont le but est de faire naître entre elle et nous des démêlés qui n'ont absolument aucune raison d'être.\n\nDe là, messieurs, la situation dans laquelle nous nous trouvons, situation que M. Delafosse, aussi bien que M. Georges Perin, ont, avec grande raison, déclarée fausse, pénible, intolérable.\n\nQue sommes-nous au Tonkin? Sommes-nous les amis ou les adversaires du roi d'Annam? Sommes-nous des protecteurs ou bien des barbares avec lesquels on a traité par force et dont il faut se débarrasser à tout prix? Le traité de 1874 subsiste-t-il encore ou bien n'en reste-t-il que des lambeaux sans valeur? Voilà ce que l'on se demande dans tout l'Orient, ce qu'on se demande en Chine, ce qu'on se demande dans le royaume d'Annam. Voilà la question qu'on se pose en Europe où il règne une fâcheuse incertitude sur nos desseins, et où cette incertitude donne lieu à des commentaires, à des interprétations et à des prévisions qui ne sont pas, on est bien forcé d'en convenir, profitables à notre crédit.(Très bien très bien! et vifs applaudissements.)\n\nAussi, est-il arrivé ce qui devait arriver: c'est qu'au jour, nous avons été obligés, -ça a été le sentiment de la Chambre, lors qu'elle a voté le projet du mois de juillet 1881, ça a été aussi le sentiment du Gouvernement, de prendre enfin des mesures pour que notre intervention au Tonkin devint quelque peu efficace.\n\nVous savez, messieurs, ce qui est advenu. Le commandant Rivière est allé au Tonkin, à la tête d'une petite force, animé d'intentions pacifiques comme les ordres qu'il avait reçus. jusqu'au moment où, injurié, menacé, outragé dans des placards affichés jusque sur sa demeure, il a été obligé de se saisir par la force de la forteresse d'Hanoi, puis il l'a démantelée et, usant d'un procédé qui n'a jamais réussi avec ces populations, il l'a rendue. De là une nouvelle audace, un surcroît de provocations, d'injures et d'attaques, jusqu'au jour où, menacé de se voir couper les communications qu'il avait avec la mer, il a dû, il y a cinq ou six semaines, s'emparer de la forteresse de Nan-Dinh et repousser une attaque dirigée contre la forteresse de Hanoi. A l'heure qu'il est, nos garnisons maîtresses des points où elles étaient menacées comme de ceux dont elles ont cru devoir se saisir, sont en parfaite sûreté.\n\nMessieurs, le gouvernement d'Annam, malgré le traité de 1874, malgré des protestations dont il s'est toujours montré prodigue, malgré sa faiblesse militaire, est parvenu — et c'est pour lui un honneur auquel il ne s'attendait pas — à nous tenir en échec.\n\nL'amour propre blessé, qui est un ressort d'une singulière puissance chez ces peuples, ne l'oublions pas, la haine du barbare et le barbare c'est nous, ce sont tous les Européens, - le regret de voir échapper à sa puissance une population qu'on est accoutumé à pressurer, ce sont là, messieurs, des sentiments auxquels nous devions nous attendre; mais ces sentiments, quelque naturels qu'ils soient chez les Annamites, fort capables de manoeuvres hostiles, moins capables d'une action guerrière, ne suffisent pas à expliquer notre situation actuelle.\n\nCette situation, messieurs, s'explique par une autre cause: c'est que par suite des égards que le gouvernement français a cru devoir avoir pour un Etat faible, par suite de l'espérance qu'il a nourrie de le ramener, à force de patience, à l'exécution de ses engagements, par l'illusion qu'il a eue de croire qu'une politique de ménagements était de quelque action sur ces peuples, notre politique, il faut l'avouer, a manqué de décision et d'énergie. (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nJe dis, messieurs, notre politique, je ne dis pas la volonté du Parlement; car je vous prie de repasser dans vos souvenirs les différentes discussions qui ont eu lieu, soit ici et au Sénat, soit à l'Assemblée nationale à propos du Tonkin, et vous verrez que les Chambres n'ont jamais varié qu'elles ont montré dans cette question une volonté suivie, permanente. Et ces discussions, si brillantes, et dans lesquelles tout le monde reconnaîtra que M. Georges Perin a pris une part importante, ces discussions dans lesquelles tous les points de vue ont été examinés, le climat, les ressources commerciales, les voies de communication, l'esprit des populations, les complications possibles, où toutes les difficultés ont été présentées avec force, où toutes les objections ont été soulevées, ces discussions, il faut le reconnaître, donnent un singulier relief, une valeur bien remarquable, à des volontés si persistantes et si éclairées.\n\nCette population docile et laborieuse, mais incapable de gouvernement, supporte, tout le monde le sait, avec peine le joug annamite: elle n'a pas perdu le souvenir d'une indépendance qui n'a succombé qu'au commencement de ce siècle, ni d'une dynastie dont M. Delafosse nous invitons, tout à l'heure, à rechercher et dont il ne serait peut-être pas impossible en effet de trouver encore quelque représentant. Des insurrections fréquentes, continuelles, dont la dernière ne remonte pas plus loin que 1872, témoignent de l'antipathie profonde de ces populations pour les Annamites. Tout cela suffirait à expliquer comment nous y avons été, presque dès la première heure, accueillis comme des libérateurs, quand même on ne saurait pas que cette population est accablée par les exactions des mandarins, aussi bien que par les coups de main des brigands.\n\nAnnée 1883\n\npartie de la population, des 400,000 chrétiens, 800,000, selon d'autres évaluations...\n\nM. Paul Bert. 460,000, chiffre officiel de l'Univers.\n\nM. le ministre. ...qui n'ont peut-être pas été pour nous des auxiliaires aussi dévoués et aussi actifs qu'on l'a dit, mais, qu'en tous cas, la situation particulière qui leur est faite, l'interdit cruel dont ils sont frappés par les non-convertis, prédisposent à nous considérer comme des protecteurs. Voilà, messieurs, l'appui solide, presque indestructible que, si nous le voulions bien, nous trouverions au Tonkin.\n\nMais, messieurs, cet appui contribue à rendre notre situation plus fausse, car ces 10 millions d'hommes qui sollicitent notre action, notre protection, se demandent sans le comprendre, comment nous supportons les manoeuvres occultes, les attaques déguisées et quelquefois ouvertes des Annamites. Il est clair que cette situation ne saurait durer. Il faut absolument y mettre un terme.\n\nDÉBATS PARLEMENTAIRES\n\n262\n\n46 Mai\n\nCHAMBRE 945\n\nAnnée 1889\n\nTonkin, notre autorité n'aurait peut-être jamais été contestée dans la Cochinchine, mais nous pouvons élever contre la conduite du gouvernement d'Annam, malgré les violations, on peut le dire, presque innombrables du traité de 1874, malgré les circonstances qui ont décidé notre envoyé auprès de Ta-Duc à se retirer, nous avons voulu, nous croyons tenter une dernière démarche auprès de lui, et nous avons choisi pour cela un homme qui nous était désigné par sa connaissance approfondie du Tonkin, par le long séjour qu'il y a fait, par les qualités personnelles que nul ne lui conteste; nous n'avons vu, nous n'avons voulu voir que son intelligence, ses lumières, sa fermeté, son sang-froid.\n\nM. Georges Perin. Votre présence à Haï-Phong serait une marque de votre force.\n\nM. le ministre, Insuffisante!\n\nM. Georges Perin. Très suffisante.\n\nM. le ministre. Je ne doute en aucune façon que nous ne gardassions la Cochinchine; Par la retraite? Non, messieurs, personne, pas même M. Georges Perin, n'arrive à cette extrémité. Tout le monde sent que, en l'on peut varier sur les autres solutions, il y en a une qu'il faut absolument exclure; il faut l'écarter parce que ni l'intérêt, ni l'honneur, ni même la plus simple prudence ne nous permettent de nous y arrêter. (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nJe voudrais maintenant, en aussi peu de mots que possible, répondre à la question que m'a posée l'honorable M. Georges Perin et définir la portée et la signification du projet soumis à la Chambre.\n\nL'intérêt frappe tous les yeux et il est évident que si nous nous retirions du Tonkin, il y a, n'en doutez pas, des héritiers tout prêts... (Très bien! C'est cela! Applaudissements à gauche et au centre) qui épient le moment où, par je ne sais quel faux calcul, vous abandonneriez la situation que vous avez prise, (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nJe n'hésite pas, messieurs, à répéter, malgré les doutes exprimés par M. Georges Perin, que s'il s'agit bien en effet d'une expédition, il faut bien le reconnaître, il ne saurait être question d'une conquête, non! et par une raison bien simple que M. Georges Perin appréciera : — c'est qu'il n'y a rien à conquérir chez un peuple où tout le monde nous est ami, où nous n'avons d'adversaires que des fonctionnaires étrangers -car les mandarins annamites sont au Tonkin des fonctionnaires étrangers et leurs singuliers auxiliaires, les Pavillons noirs.\n\nNous n'avons rien à conquérir dans un pays où nous n'avons pas l'intention de nous annexer.\n\nNous n'entreprenons même pas, l'entreprise serait considérable, de faire la police sur toute l'étendue de Tonkin, sur les 86.000 kilomètres carrés dont vous parlait M. Georges Perin...\n\nEt, messieurs, quand même l'intérêt, l'honneur, ne vous commanderaient pas de rester au Tonkin, la plus simple prudence vous en ferait un devoir.\n\nIl n'y a aucun lien entre la Cochinchine et le Tonkin? M. Georges Perin ne le croit pas et l'autorité de M. l'amiral Jaureguiberry ne parviendrait pas à l'en convaincre.\n\nM. Georges Perin. Alors, vous n'exécuterez pas le traité de 1874?\n\nM. le ministre. Nous l'exécuterons, soyez-en sûr, parce que nous avons l'espérance et croyance fondée qu'il y a d'autres moyens, et de plus sûrs qu'une police faite dans les conditions où nous sommes placés actuellement, d'avoir raison du brigandage et de la piraterie. Nous sommes assurés que le brigandage et la piraterie diminueront promptement, au moment où l'on et l'autre ne seront plus favorisés et soldés par l'autorité elle-même. (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nNous avons même la pensée, et nous avons quelque raison de le dire, qu'une partie de ces brigands pourraient bien devenir quelque jour les auxiliaires et les instruments de notre police (Mouvements divers), et que cette transformation, qui s'est faite dans des pays plus avancés que le Tonkin, pourrait s'effectuer à peu de frais.\n\nLe protectorat n'est pas un fait nouveau; il est à peu près aussi ancien que l'histoire. Eh bien, il serait peut-être difficile de citer un grand cas où il ait eu ce caractère volontaire que M. Delafosse dit être de son essence.\n\nLa mission, messieurs, est difficile; car, vous le voyez, nos relations avec la cour de Hué ne sont pas bonnes. La cour de Hué est, on peut le dire, à notre égard, non pas sur un pied de guerre, mais sur un pied d'hostilité. Elle a été l'ouvrière de toutes les manoeuvres contre lesquelles nous avons eu à nous prémunir; c'est elle qui a réveillé les prétentions endormies de la Chine; et cependant nous avons cru qu'il était digne de nous, qu'il était conforme non seulement aux convenances, mais à la justice, avant de prendre en mains et par une manière qui doit être cette fois efficace, de régler sa politique intérieure de manière à éviter les complications. C'est là, messieurs, le vrai signe du protectorat, c'est par là qu'il se reconnaît, c'est par là que les auteurs, s'il faut parler des auteurs, le caractérisent, le définissent. Eh bien, ce caractère, je le trouve précisément dans l'article 3 du traité de 1874.\n\nLes droits inhérents au protectorat, indispensables pour maintenir l'ordre, pour prévenir les complications, pour exercer une tutelle effective, ces droits ne résultent donc pas, par voie de conséquence, du traité de 1874; ils y sont inscrits de la manière la plus explicite. Seulement, je dois bien reconnaître que la conduite du gouvernement de Hué a été telle, ses violations du traité de 1874 ont été si répétées et si continues que ce traité, si clair qu'il soit, ne l'est pas encore assez...\n\nUn membre à gauche. Il faut le refaire!\n\nM. le ministre. ...et il est certain - je vous le disais tout à l'heure que, si nous avions, en temps opportun, rappelé dès les premières violations le gouvernement d'Annam à l'accomplissement de ses engagements, c'est-à-dire au sentiment de sa faiblesse; si nous lui avions fait comprendre, d'une manière irréfragable, qu'un traité conclu avec la France ne pouvait pas rester lettre morte, nous aurions ainsi prévenu bien des difficultés.\n\nNous ne l'avons pas fait. Aussi nous sommes-nous trouvés dans la nécessité — il y a déjà assez longtemps, il y a plusieurs années -de demander un complément au traité de 1874; seulement, lorsque le Gouvernement s'est décidé à cette démarche, il était déjà trop tard; notre voix n'était plus écoutée à Hué; on y avait pris le parti de ne plus entendre à rien. On avait conçu l'espérance -malheureuse- assez fondée de nous fatiguer par des difficultés de toute espèce et de nous amener, de guerre lasse, à une retraite définitive.\n\nAussi, lorsque M. Reinhardt, notre envoyé à Hué, s'est présenté, porteur d'une convention complémentaire, on ne peut pas dire qu'il a montré son ordre et n'a rien obtenu, car il n'a pas eu à le montrer, il a été tenu à distance par les ministres, notamment par le ministre des finances de Ta-Duc, notre ennemi de tous les temps, et il n'est point parvenu à voir le souverain.\n\nVous savez, messieurs, ce qui est arrivé, il y a quelques semaines, lors des derniers incidents militaires du Tonkin. M. Reinhardt, impuissant depuis longtemps, menacé, exposé tous les jours à quelque injure qui eût grande importance...\n\nMessieurs, je ne sais pas si nous avons grande chance d'être cette fois mieux écoutés que nous ne l'avons été jusqu'à présent; peut-être cette démarche ne sera-t-elle pas mieux accueillie à Hué, que les précédentes, moins toutefois que l'échec du coup de main tenté sur la forteresse d'Hanoi, que la prise de Nam-Dinh, que la résolution à laquelle nous nous sommes arrêtés et que, j'espère, vous voudrez bien ratifier; à moins, dis-je, que cette attitude ne produise quelque impression sur l'esprit de Ta-Duc, et cela n'est pas impossible. Nous n'avons pas voulu, en tous cas, appuyer cette démarche par une force militaire; nous ne l'avons pas voulu, messieurs, parce qu'une action accomplie à Hué n'a qu'un très faible effet sur le Tonkin, où les mandarins annamites agissent à leur guise et souvent sans consulter leur souverain, tandis que toute action au Tonkin a son contre-coup et son retentissement immédiat à Hué. Nous ne l'avons pas voulu parce que, s'il fallait exercer quelque pression sur le gouvernement de Hué, nous avons, après tout, des moyens plus simples et plus sûrs de la faire sentir, étant en possession du Tonkin, c'est-à-dire du grenier de l'Annam. (Très bien! très bien!)\n\nNous ne l'avons pas voulu enfin, pour ne pas fournir prétexte à une accusation que nous repoussons; celle de vouloir porter atteinte à l'indépendance de l'Annam. (Rumeurs sur divers bancs.) Je dis l'indépendance, messieurs, parce que, si le protectorat, réduit dans quelque mesure la souveraineté, il réserve l'indépendance. Les preuves en seraient nombreuses; je vous prie de vous rappeler seulement l'article 2 du traité de 1815, qui plaçait les îles Ioniennes sous la protection immédiate du roi de la Grande-Bretagne. Cet article dit en termes formels: Les sept îles forment un Etat libre et indépendant. »\n\nUn membre à droite, Comme aujourd'hui la Tunisie!\n\nMessieurs, ce que nous voulons, ce que nous proposons, c'est d'affermir, de manière à la rendre incontestable et efficace, notre protectorat dans l'Annam, et tout particulièrement au Tonkin. Nous croyons qu'il suffira pour cela que nous en ayons la volonté, et que nous la manifestions de telle façon qu'il soit évident pour tout le monde que notre présence au Tonkin, au lieu d'être momentanée, que notre action, au lieu d'être intermittente et passagère, revêtent un caractère permanent et définitif.\n\nC'est là qu'il importe de rassurer nos amis et de prévenir les craintes de nos adversaires. Nous avons déjà donné des preuves de notre modération; nous en donnerons encore. Les populations du Tonkin, qui ont sollicité notre protection, savent que nous ne sommes pas des conquérants; elles savent que nous sommes des protecteurs. Elles s'abstiendront de toute velléité de résistance; ils s'en sont déjà abstenus parce qu'ils nous savent forts. Tout cela, messieurs, sans parler d'une autre vérité, s'il n'y avait jamais mis le pied pour cela que nous en ayons la volonté, et que nous la manifestions de telle façon qu'il soit évident pour tout le monde que notre présence au Tonkin, au lieu d'être momentanée, que notre action, au lieu d'être intermittente et passagère, revêtent un caractère permanent et définitif.\n\nM. le ministre. Messieurs, quel que soit d'ailleurs le succès de notre démarche à Hué...",
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        "content_text": "616\n\n3 Jain [SENAT] noises se relirèrent vers cette époque, elles disparurent peu à peu du Tonkin. Est-ce par suite de l'exécution de la condition à laquelle notre ministre avait consenti, ou n'est-ce pas par la vertu tout autrement sensible des mesures sucrées qu'à la même date le gouverneur de la Cochinchine prescrivait au commandant Rivière? Il est difficile de le dire. Les deux opinions ont été discutées et ont chacune leur vraisemblance, selon moi, d'ailleurs, tout à fait inégale.\n\nDEBATS PARLEMENTAIRES\n\nCette condition était celle qui, dans la pensée de M. Bourée, devait équivaloir à l'ouverture du Yun-Nan.\n\nNous n'avons pu, messieurs, avec quelque soin que nous l'ayons examinée, y voir autre chose que la remise aux mains de la Chine de la clé même de la navigation du fleuve Rouge. Par cette clause, nous disposions, sans droit, sans raison, contrairement à la justice, contrairement au traité de 1874, d'un territoire qui ne nous appartenait pas. Tout, messieurs, dans cette partie de la convention M. Bourée fit les déclarations qu'on lui demandait; il les fit au mois de novembre, sans autorisation, sans instruction préalable, spontanément, sous sa responsabilité. Il écrivit une lettre d'un ton et dans des termes qu'il nous serait, encore aujourd'hui, impossible d'accepter.\n\nLes troupes chinoises étaient au Tonkin, elles y étaient entrées sans droit; leur présence y était une menace pour les nôtres et constituait une violation formelle d'un territoire dont nous avions la défense. Eh bien, M. Bourée sollicitait le retrait des troupes chinoises, et voici dans quels termes: «Mon Gouvernement trouverait un gage significatif du bon vouloir de la Chine et de la confiance qu'elle accorderait à nos loyales déclarations, si elle consentait à reporter vers le Nord les troupes impériales venues du Kouang-Si et du Yun-Nan, et dont la présence dans le cercle des opérations que nos colonnes volantes doivent entreprendre contre les bandes aux pavillons noirs ou jaunes pourrait donner lieu à d'embarrassantes difficultés. Quelles ne seraient pas, en effet, les conséquences d'une méprise qui porterait nos soldats à attaquer ceux de l'Empereur?»\n\nQuoiqu'il fût très vrai que nous n'en voulions nullement à la souveraineté territoriale du roi d'Annam, et que nous n'avions pas l'intention de conquérir ou de nous annexer le Tonkin, quoique cela fût vrai, M. Bourée n'en faisait pas moins une déclaration, à laquelle rien ne l'obligeait, qu'on n'avait aucun droit d'exiger de lui. Quoiqu'il fût aussi très vrai que nous ne voulions qu'appliquer purement et simplement le traité passé, il y a neuf ans, avec le roi Tu-Duc et dont nous avions donné communication au gouvernement impérial, sans que, de ce chef, aucune protestation, aucune objection même nous eût été opposée depuis, M. Bourée, indépendamment d'une déclaration qu'on n'avait nulle raison de lui demander, se livrait à des protestations encore plus inacceptables lorsqu'il disait: «Votre altesse me dit aujourd'hui que la Chine a un droit de suzeraineté sur l'Annam, mais c'est là un point qui n'est nullement mis en cause, et je ne vois pas quel intérêt il y aurait à le discuter puisque rien dans notre conduite n'implique la méconnaissance du principe que vous voulez bien rappeler.» (Rumeurs sur divers bancs.)\n\nSi nous avions souscrit à ce langage, si nous avions approuvé de pareilles déclarations, de pareilles protestations, n'est-il pas vrai? nous aurions, par cette approbation, déchiré ou à peu près le traité de 1874, c'est-à-dire le véritable titre sur lequel nous nous appuyons.\n\nVoilà, messieurs, quelle était la première condition de l'arrangement accepté par M. Bourée. Il y en avait une seconde, par laquelle il était convenu que la ville tonkinoise de Lao-Kai, terminus naturel de la navigation ascendante du fleuve Rouge, serait remise à la Chine, qui y établirait une douane, qui la considérerait comme lui appartenant, et de telle sorte, dit la dépêche de M. Bourée, que les produits étrangers ayant franchi cette barrière se trouveraient placés au delà, sous le régime ordinaire de tous les produits qui ont pénétré dans l'intérieur de la Chine par les ports ouverts.\n\nIl y en avait une troisième qui donnait lieu à des objections d'un autre ordre, mais selon nous, également fortes.\n\n233\n\nAnnée 1883\n\nDEBATS PARLEMENTAIRES\n\nAnnée 1883\n\n... un point parmi les informations relatives à ce traité, et donnant par suite plus de force à l'arrangement que notre agent à Pékin avait accepté, auxquelles nous n'avons pas cru devoir souscrire et dont l'acceptation parait avoir été complètement sauvegardée. M. Bourée ne nous a pas paru avoir près du gouvernement chinois une autorité suffisante pour parler au nom de la France.\n\nEt le ministre de la marine ajoutait:\n\nNous les avons repoussées parce qu'elles nous ont paru dangereuses, illusoires et parfaitement destructives du traité de 1874. Si nous les avions acceptées, vous auriez eu droit de nous demander, et certainement plus d'un d'entre vous en aurait usé, ce que nous faisions des traités que nous étions chargés de maintenir, de quel droit nous permettions de mettre à néant la signature de la France.\n\n(Très bien! à gauche.)\n\nM. de Gavardie: Il fallait l'y laisser... (Rumeurs à gauche.) Comment ne peut-on pas dire cela?\n\n(Voix à gauche: Non! - N'interrompez pas M. le ministre....)\n\nLorsque nous avons nommé, pour la remplacer, un agent d'un esprit conciliant, d'une rare intelligence, et que nous lui avons donné pour mission de se montrer large et facile à toutes les ouvertures qui pourraient lui être faites; nous voulions donner un nouveau témoignage de nos bonnes dispositions.\n\nDans les entretiens qu'il m'est arrivé d'avoir avec l'ambassadeur de Chine à Paris, qui n'avait plus de relations avec le département depuis près d'une année, je ne lui ai pas fait mystère de notre désir d'éviter tout démêlé, lequel n'avait de limite que les engagements que nous avons pris et les engagements qui ont été contractés envers nous, et je dois dire qu'à cette heure rien ne nous donne lieu de croire qu'on nourrisse en Chine la pensée d'une rupture.\n\nCar, messieurs, il ne faut pas s'y tromper. Et ces conventions, messieurs, si longuement élaborées et qui inspiraient de telles armes, ces conventions auxquelles notre ministre à Pékin attachait une valeur que nous pouvions leur reconnaître, il n'est pas sûr qu'elles aient jamais été acceptées par le gouvernement chinois; il n'est pas sûr qu'elles aient jamais été souscrites.\n\nVous avez pu lire, il y a quelques jours, dans un journal conservateur, une conversation, très probablement authentique et qu'on n'a point démentie, entre un diplomate en Chine, de laquelle il résulte clairement que si ces conventions ont été soumises à l'examen du Tsong-li-Yamen, il n'y a jamais donné son approbation.\n\nEt quand même ces lignes n'existeraient pas, je demande, messieurs, ce que c'est que toutes ces négociations, toutes ces transactions, toutes ces conventions avec la Chine, si elles ne sont pas, en fait, la reconnaissance d'un droit que la Chine ne peut posséder sans que nous n'en ayons plus aucun au Tonkin...\n\nLe télégramme du 29 décembre, parmi les lignes qui sont un démenti formel à cette assertion, lignes décisives, à moins qu'elles ne soient absolument dépourvues de sens, contenait une condition dont il donnait une idée, et c'était, à coup sûr, la plus séduisante, qu'il énonçait en ces termes: Reconnaissance du protectorat de la France au Tonkin, sauf sur une zone à délimiter le long de la frontière.\n\nCette reconnaissance, c'était déjà beaucoup que de l'accepter, car on reconnaissait ainsi implicitement à la Chine le droit de la refuser. Mais on conçoit toutefois que le désir de donner à un grand empire fier de sa population et de son territoire immense, jaloux de conserver les souvenirs de son passé, une satisfaction morale et de maintenir à ce prix les bonnes relations que nous avions avec lui, on conçoit parfaitement qu'un pareil désir eût conduit notre agent à accepter une pareille clause.\n\nOn conçoit de même que, si une rectification de frontières paraissait nécessaire à la Chine pour sa sûreté, notre agent s'engageât, en notre nom, à l'obtenir du roi d'Annam.\n\nMais il n'était plus question d'une zone à délimiter le long de la frontière, il s'agissait en réalité de diviser toute la région qui est au nord du fleuve Rouge par une ligne de démarcation à tracer en des points qui n'étaient pas déterminés, la partie au nord de cette ligne devant être placée sous l'autorité de la Chine, celle qui est au sud devant rester sous la police de la France.\n\nCe n'était pas la reconnaître le protectorat de la France, c'était purement et simplement le partager. Or, nous voulons bien être les amis de la Chine, et c'est précisément pour cette raison que, loin de nourrir la pensée d'attenter à l'intégrité de son territoire, nous ne voulons pas même être ses voisins immédiats, séparés d'elle par une ligne simplement idéale.\n\nNous voulons vivre avec la Chine en bons termes, sur le pied de relations cordiales, et c'est pour cela que nous ne pouvions accepter une coopération qui aurait ouvert la porte à mille manœuvres, qui nous aurait imposé des charges dont il était impossible de mesurer le poids, qui aurait ouvert une source intarissable de prétentions rivales, de démêlés et de conflits.\n\nNous ne pouvions pas souscrire à cette condition.\n\nIl y avait un quatrième point sur lequel je n'ai pas à m'appesantir, à savoir que cet état de choses serait placé sous la garantie commune de la France et de la Chine. Je ne m'y arrête pas parce que, en présence de ce qui se passe, de ce que nous savons aujourd'hui, en présence de la connivence qui n'a jamais cessé entre l'Annam et la Chine, une pareille condition a vraiment quelque chose de dérisoire.\n\nTelles étaient, messieurs, les conditions de...\n\nà peine ces pourparlers étaient-ils terminés que, dans une lettre d'un caractère extrêmement courtois - c'est M. Bourée qui le dit - nous devons l'en croire, car il n'a pas cru devoir nous faire connaître cette lettre - le Tsong-li-Yamen faisait des contre-propositions qui bouleversaient de fond en comble le travail accompli; il ne s'agissait plus de convention, de traité; de quoi s'agissait-il donc? Il s'agissait d'une conférence dans laquelle aurait été admis un plénipotentiaire annamite et dont les membres auraient été nommés d'un commun accord entre les gouvernements de l'Extrême-Orient.\n\nA peine les conventions que je viens de vous exposer sommairement, avaient-elles commencé à transpirer; à peine étaient-elles connues que, parmi les indigènes, d'une part, et nos nationaux en Chine et en Cochinchine, d'autre part, il n'y eut qu'un cri; on y vit aussitôt l'indice de notre prochain départ, le triste prélude de l'abandon définitif d'une entreprise que nous poursuivions depuis neuf ans.\n\nM. le ministre de la marine, interprète de ces sentiments, adressait, à la date du 20 février, le jour même où nous entrions aux affaires, au ministre des affaires étrangères, une lettre où ces inquiétudes faisaient jour, dans un langage caractéristique.\n\nLes journaux de Chine, disait cette lettre, publient à propos du projet de traité conclu entre notre ministre et le Tsong-li-Yamen; je ne relèverai pas leurs insinuations, qui ont provoqué dans l'opinion un mouvement que je ne saurais trop appeler sur ce point votre haute attention.\n\n(Très bien! à gauche.)\n\nMais, messieurs, il faut bien qu'on sache que partout où s'élèvera entre la France et une puissance quelconque un démêlé, nous nous montrerons pressés de chercher les moyens de l'aplanir et heureux de les trouver.\n\nSi la Chine croît avoir au Tonkin d'autres intérêts que ceux de son commerce, ceux de la sécurité et de l'ordre que nous sommes chargés d'y rétablir, nous n'avons jamais eu la pensée de nous refuser a priori à toute proposition d'arrangement qui serait compatible avec nos droits.\n\nNous savons tenir compte de la dignité du gouvernement d'un peuple immense et du prix qu'il peut être forcé d'attacher à de certaines concessions flatteuses pour son orgueil national.\n\nLorsque nous avons rappelé M. Bourée, nous avons, néanmoins, maintenu à son égard une attitude conciliante.\n\nDans les entretiens qu'il m'est arrivé d'avoir avec l'ambassadeur de Chine à Paris, qui n'avait plus de relations avec le département depuis près d'une année, je ne lui ai pas fait mystère de notre désir d'éviter tout démêlé...\n\nLa Chine, messieurs, désire être en sûreté chez elle et elle a raison. Certes, si elle est exposée à quelques périls, en butte à quelques menaces, ce ne sera pas de notre côté. S'il lui convient d'ouvrir au commerce de l'Occident ses provinces du midi, nous en serons heureux; s'il lui convient mieux de rester hermétiquement fermée aux produits et aux influences de l'Europe, nous n'avons rien à dire, mais ce que nous ne pourrions admettre, c'est que, hors la Chine, nous ayons à compter avec l'empire du Milieu.\n\nNous avons la ferme confiance que la Chine, dont les intérêts au Tonkin sont non pas opposés mais identiques aux nôtres, ne se laissera pas entraîner à une immixtion que nous ne pourrions pas supporter.\n\nNous savons, messieurs, qu'on travaille à exciter la Chine et nous savons qui l'excite. (Très bien! à gauche. Mouvement.)\n\nNous voyons des passions, qu'on devait croire assoupies pour toujours, se réveiller avec violence. Nous espérons qu'à force de sang-froid, de patience, de mesure, nous aurons raison de ces passions, nous ferons tomber cette colère apparente, nous donnerons à cette fumée le temps de se dissiper.\n\nNous pensons aussi que la Chine ne se laissera pas entraîner.\n\nSur ce point, je dois l'avouer, il s'est élevé entre nous et notre ancien ministre en Chine une différence d'appréciation. La nôtre, messieurs, repose sur des informations multipliées, approfondies, impartiales.\n\nOn a bien dit tout ce que disent nos agents en Chine, l'opinion unanime de tous ceux qui ont vécu dans ce pays, qui l'ont parcouru, qui l'ont habité et observé, et les aveux même des fonctionnaires chinois de l'ordre le plus élevé, tout cela ne signifie rien, tout cela est sans valeur ou bien il est avéré, il est certain que la Chine, sa sécurité garantie et son amour-propre mis à couvert, n'aura pas la pensée d'intervenir dans une affaire où elle n'a ni droit ni intérêt.\n\n(Très bien! très bien! et applaudissements prolongés à gauche.)\n\nDÉPÔT DE RAPPORT\n\nM. le président: M. Gouin a la parole pour le dépôt d'un rapport.\n\nM. Gouin: J'ai l'honneur de déposer sur le bureau du Sénat un rapport fait au nom de la commission des finances sur un projet de...",
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        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "305\n\n544 25 Mai [SÉNAT]\n\nDÉBATS PARLEMENTAIRES\n\nsant exécuter les traités à l'aide desquels nous pouvons réaliser l'affermissement et l'extension légitime de notre situation coloniale. Les intérêts de notre colonie cochinchinoise nous ont conduits à conclure avec l'empire d'Annam des traités ayant pour objet d'assurer la liberté des transactions commerciales, la sécurité des voies fluviales, maritimes et des routes de terre dans les régions voisines de nos possessions et appelées par leur situation à constituer leurs marchés naturels; au Cambodge, nous avons établi votre protectorat; au Tonkin, après avoir dû réprimer les déprédations des pirates, défendre par les armes la vie et les intérêts des courageux pionniers de notre commerce, et occuper une partie du pays, nous avons conclu en 1874, un traité qui nous a fait perdre les fruits d'une brillante et rapide occupation, mais qui du moins nous a assuré des droits définis, des titres en règle à faire valoir, des garanties pour la liberté des transactions commerciales, et, s'il n'avait été systématiquement violé par le gouvernement annamite, nous n'aurions pas à nous préoccuper aujourd'hui des moyens à employer pour maintenir l'ordre et sauvegarder la sécurité de notre commerce.\n\nLa population agricole et sédentaire est nombreuse; j'ai dit plus haut son caractère de passivité docile et malléable; sans être riche, elle a l'aisance que donne le travail et ses ressources s'accroîtraient rapidement si elle n'était pas pressurée par les exactions des mandarins annamites; si différente de la nôtre que soit sa civilisation, elle lui crée des besoins assurant un débouché à nos marchandises en échange des produits du sol. Enfin, le Tonkin, sillonné par des cours d'eau qui forment un réseau de routes fluviales, peut servir de voie de transit vers la riche province chinoise du Yunnan.\n\nC'est un pays d'avenir offrant de fécondes perspectives à la nation qui saura le mettre en valeur, et vous n'ignorez pas, messieurs, que nous ne sommes pas seuls à avoir cette conviction et que si nous commettions la faute d'abandonner notre position au Tonkin, nous ne tarderions pas à y être remplacés par d'autres. Malheureusement, les mandarins annamites, après avoir exercé les plus odieuses vengeances contre les Tonkinois qui nous avaient témoigné des sympathies, notamment contre les catholiques indigènes et contre nos missionnaires, se sont faits les protecteurs et les complices des pirates qu'ils s'étaient engagés à réprimer avec nous; ils ont favorisé leurs entreprises et fortifié leurs moyens d'action, à tel point qu'il est venu une heure où nous avons été contraints de nous départir de notre trop longue patience, de notre excessive longanimité, et de nous faire respecter par nos propres forces. C'est cet état de choses qui a rendu nécessaire l'acte de vigueur du commandant Rivière, l'an dernier, sur le fleuve de Hanoi et sa récente prise de possession de Nam-Dinh.\n\nDès lors, notre drapeau s'est trouvé engagé de nouveau, et il n'est que trop certain qu'après le premier abandon du Tonkin, lors de l'expédition de Garnier, une nouvelle retraite, regardée par les Annamites comme un signe de crainte ou de faiblesse, porterait la plus désastreuse atteinte à notre prestige dans l'extrême Orient; nous en ressentirions promptement les effets dans notre colonie de Cochinchine, limitrophe de l'Annam, comme le Tonkin, peuplée d'Annamites, aux yeux desquels notre conduite serait représentée comme le résultat d'un échec devant les forces de Ta-Duc. Il y a donc là un intérêt d'honneur national, une question de prestige et de dignité qui ne permettent pas d'hésitation. On peut regretter seulement que les mesures proposées aujourd'hui n'aient pas été adoptées plus tôt: car chaque jour de retard encourage les Annamites, leur donne l'espoir que nous reculerons et les détermine davantage à tenter de nous opposer une résistance.\n\nD'ailleurs, dans les limites prudentes que, d'après ses déclarations, le Gouvernement entend assigner à notre action, il n'y a pas à prévoir qu'elle doive rencontrer de bien sérieux obstacles; les brillants exploits de Francis Garnier, les récents succès du commandant Rivière attestent qu'en dépit des progrès de leur armement, les Annamites et les pirates chinois, leurs alliés, ne sont pas des adversaires redoutables au Tonkin, où la population indigène, douce et inerte, les regarde comme des oppresseurs et se réjouirait d'être affranchie de leur joug.\n\nTelles sont les considérations générales et d'ordre divers qui ont décidé votre commission à approuver l'opération projetée au Tonkin et à en reconnaître l'urgence.\n\nMais, avant de donner son approbation à l'article 1er du projet de loi, qui renferme le vote du crédit et le principe même de l'entreprise, elle a voulu être exactement renseignée sur les intentions du Gouvernement, sur les limites précises dans lesquelles il entend renfermer notre action militaire, sur les obstacles qu'il prévoit et, surtout, sur les dangers de complications qui, d'après certains bruits, pourraient résulter de notre expédition; M. le président du conseil, MM. les ministres des affaires étrangères et de la marine ont bien voulu se rendre à l'appel de la commission, et lui ont fourni les éclaircissements qu'elle a jugé devoir réclamer, notamment sur les points suivants:\n\nL'éventualité de difficultés avec d'autres puissances européennes: à cet égard, M. le ministre des affaires étrangères a fait observer qu'il ne s'agissait que de l'exécution, par l'Annam, du traité de 1874, qui n'a jamais soulevé aucune objection et dont les autres nations sont appelées à recueillir, comme nous, le bénéfice pour leur commerce; il ne saurait donc y avoir aucune cause ni aucun prétexte à des réclamations ou à un mécontentement de leur part.\n\nAnnée 1883\n\nLa souveraineté du roi d'Annam et son entière indépendance vis-à-vis de toute puissance étrangère quelle qu'elle soit. La Chine n'avait aucune revendication de son prétendu droit de suzeraineté; si, récemment, elle a tenté de formuler à ce sujet certaines prétentions, c'est à la suite des appels que lui a adressés Tu-Duc, qui espérait ainsi obtenir son appui pour se dérober à l'exécution des clauses du traité; la mauvaise humeur qu'elle a témoignée, ne paraît pas, du reste, l'avoir décidée à adopter des résolutions belliqueuses, et le danger d'une agression de ses forces régulières dans le Tonkin n'est pas à redouter; diverses raisons énoncées par le ministre inclinent à le démontrer.\n\nQuant au traité négocié par M. Bourée, la commission, après communication du texte, a unanimement reconnu avec le ministre qu'il renfermait des stipulations inacceptables. Puis elle a recueilli avec satisfaction l'assurance explicite que le rappel de notre envoyé à Pékin n'implique à aucun degré une rupture ou une tension de rapports avec le Celeste Empire: loin de là, et afin d'éviter toute apparence de refroidissement, l'honorable M. Challemel-Lacour a invité M. Bourée à demeurer à son poste jusqu'à l'arrivée de son successeur, et il vient d'appeler à notre légation en Chine un agent d'une expérience consommée des affaires de l'Orient, M. Tricou, ministre au Japon, qui a reçu l'ordre de se rendre immédiatement à Pékin, où il doit être actuellement arrivé; il lui a envoyé par les voies rapides des instructions conciliantes, lui recommandant de rassurer le gouvernement chinois sur la nature de notre action au Tonkin et de rechercher un terrain d'entente avec lui, sans admettre, bien entendu, une prétention quelconque de sa part à une suzeraineté sur l'Annam, mais en acceptant des pourparlers en vue d'arrangements commerciaux avantageux pour la Chine comme pour la France; le ministre a eu, en outre, un entretien dans le même esprit avec le représentant diplomatique de la cour de Pékin, qui n'a pas manifesté d'idées pouvant enlever l'espoir d'un accord.\n\nRenseignée sur ce côté grave de la question, la commission a également provoqué des éclaircissements du ministre sur la mission que remplit en ce moment à Hué, auprès de l'empereur d'Annam, M. de Kertangernot, M. Challemel-Lacour a exposé qu'avant d'agir au Tonkin pour y rétablir l'ordre et la sécurité, le gouvernement français avait voulu rappeler encore une fois l'empereur Tu-Duc au respect du traité de 1874, en le complétant par quelques dispositions nous offrant des garanties reconnues indispensables; si le souverain de l'Annam, en présence de notre ferme résolution de faire exécuter par nos forces le traité, renonçait au système de mauvaise foi, aux tentatives d'intrigues, à l'hostilité, tantôt sourde, tantôt déclarée, qu'il nous témoigne, nous nous entendrions avec lui sur l'exercice au Tonkin de notre contrôle, la répression des bandes des Pavillons noirs, l'établissement d'une police assurant la sécurité; en cas de refus de sa part, nous procéderions par nous-mêmes avec l'élément indigène local.\n\nLe danger d'une guerre ou d'une rupture avec la Chine sur ce point, la commission a désiré recevoir des explications développées, au sujet des dispositions de la cour de Pékin, de ses rapports avec l'Annam, de ses prétentions, des motifs pour lesquels le Gouvernement a cru devoir rappeler M. Bourée et rejeter le projet de traité qu'il avait négocié, la commission a même demandé à prendre connaissance du texte de ce projet de convention, dont lecture lui a été donnée à titre confidentiel; enfin, elle a voulu savoir quel est actuellement l'état de nos relations avec le Céleste Empire, et connaître les intentions du Gouvernement sur l'attitude qu'il compte prendre à l'égard du cabinet de Pékin.\n\nM. le ministre des affaires étrangères a fait ressortir qu'à l'époque de la conclusion du traité de 1874, la Chine n'avait aucune revendication de son prétendu droit de suzeraineté; si, récemment, elle a tenté de formuler à ce sujet certaines prétentions, c'est à la suite des appels que lui a adressés Tu-Duc, qui espérait ainsi obtenir son appui pour se dérober à l'exécution des clauses du traité; la mauvaise humeur qu'elle a témoignée, ne paraît pas, du reste, l'avoir décidée à adopter des résolutions belliqueuses, et le danger d'une agression de ses forces régulières dans le Tonkin n'est pas à redouter; diverses raisons énoncées par le ministre inclinent à le démontrer.\n\nNotre action renfermée dans ces limites ne peut donner lieu à des éventualités inquiétantes, et, quant aux dépenses qu'entraînerait l'occupation, des renseignements communiqués à la commission par M. le ministre de la marine établissent que le produit des impôts et des douanes, déjà suffisant pour couvrir les frais d'administration, s'augmentera rapidement, sans pressurer les populations, ni accroître leurs charges, lorsqu'une bonne gestion, un contrôle sérieux, auront fait disparaître les exactions, les dilapidations qui absorbent aujourd'hui une notable partie des ressources.\n\nA la suite de ces explications, M. Farinal Jauréguiberry a fait connaître aux ministres que l'approbation donnée à l'article 1 ne s'étendait pas à l'article 2, qui avait rencontré dans les bureaux des objections aussi vives que nombreuses, dont la commission était l'interprète fidèle.\n\nLa commission estime que cette disposition, qui est essentiellement du domaine du pouvoir exécutif, ne peut figurer dans un projet de loi et encore moins dans une demande de crédit; il y a là une confusion fâcheuse entre les attributions des deux pouvoirs législatif et exécutif; il est essentiel de ne pas laisser subsister dans le projet de loi cette anomalie. Subsidiairement, il importe de remarquer que si, plus tard, par suite de circonstances imprévues, le Gouvernement jugeait nécessaire de confier provisoirement, en vue d'une campagne, d'une opération militaire, l'autorité supérieure à un officier de terre ou de mer, il serait tenu d'en demander l'autorisation au Parlement.\n\nLe paragraphe second de cet article soulève également des objections: on a peine à comprendre la nomination d'un haut fonctionnaire faite sur la proposition de deux ministres; cela est contraire aux précédents usuels et aux règles administratives; cette nomination doit être faite sur la proposition du ministre compétent, avec l'assentiment, l'avis favorable du conseil des ministres, toujours consulté quand il s'agit de fonctionnaires d'un ordre aussi élevé.\n\nEnfin, la rédaction du troisième paragraphe est de nature à prêter à de fausses interprétations, assurément contraires aux intentions des ministres.\n\nLa commission serait donc disposée à supprimer l'article 2 et à réduire le projet de loi à l'article 1er et à l'article 3, qui ne lui paraît pas devoir soulever d'objection.\n\n2e section, service colonial, chapitre 9, service du Tonkin,\n\nIl sera pourvu au crédit ci-dessus au moyen des ressources générales du budget ordinaire de l'exercice 1883.\n\nArt. 2. -- Le ministre de la marine et des colonies rendra compte, chaque année, à partir du 31 décembre 1883, des opérations auxquelles donnera lieu le service du Tonkin, au moyen d'un rapport adressé au Président de la République, et distribué au Sénat et à la Chambre des députés.\n\nAucun document officiel, excepté un croquis teinté du Tonkin, ne nous a été mis sous les yeux. Je n'en accuse pas le Gouvernement, -- c'est peut-être la faute des circonstances -- je me borne à le constater.\n\nAinsi, dans le rapport, il est question de la violation du traité de 1874 par l'empereur d'Annam, et je n'ai aucune raison pour le contredire; mais aucun document officiel de nous a expliqué quelles avaient été ces violations; aucun document officiel ne nous a donné les motifs de la retraite de notre résident près la cour de Hué; aucun document officiel ne nous a fait connaître les instructions données au nouveau négociateur qui est en ce moment en route pour la baie de Tourane; aucun document officiel ne nous a fait connaître les instructions qui avaient été données à notre ministre à Pékin, et nous ne connaissons que par ce que nous en a dit le rapport qui, si j'ai bien entendu, nous apprend que ce document n'a été communiqué à la commission qu'à titre confidentiel, nous ne connaissons, dis-je, ni les termes, ni l'économie du traité ad referendum que le Gouvernement n'a pas cru devoir ratifier et qui a été négocié par notre ministre à Pékin.\n\nNon, non, la discussion immédiate! Messieurs, la commission, d'accord avec le Gouvernement, et l'urgence ayant été prononcée, demande la discussion immédiate.\n\nPlusieurs sénateurs à droite. Pas aujourd'hui, en tous cas, il faut avoir le temps de lire le rapport.\n\nM. le président. J'ai reçu une demande de discussion immédiate signée de vingt membres dont voici les noms: MM. Tertelin, Vigerosy, Ronjat, Claude, Griffe, Maësieiu du Biest, Bonnet, Saineave, Frézoul, Merlin, Mathey, Dupouy, Carnot, Scheurer-Kestner; Peyrat, Ribière, Le Bastard, Delacroix, Brugerolle, Cavinot.\n\nM. Lambert de Sainte-Croix. Je demande la parole.\n\nM. le rapporteur. Nous ne demandons pas la discussion immédiate à l'instant même.\n\nM. le président. La parole est à M. Lambert de Sainte-Croix.\n\nPlusieurs sénateurs à droite. Quel est l'avis de la commission des finances? (Bruit.)\n\nDans ces conditions, nous n'avons comme document officiel que le rapport qui vient de nous être lu; est-ce trop exiger que de demander au Sénat le temps de le lire et de l'étudier? (Rumeurs à gauche.)\n\nA droite. Oui! oui! très bien!\n\nM. Lambert de Sainte-Croix. Je commence d'ailleurs par vous rassurer: Si je sollicite la remise, ce n'est pas dans un intérêt personnel; je n'ai nullement la prétention de prendre part à un débat où me font également défaut et les lumières et les études; mais je crois qu'il est dans l'intérêt de tout le monde que ce débat ne paraisse pas précipité; je ne vois aucun péril à ce qu'il soit remis à demain.\n\nM. Lambert de Sainte-Croix. Messieurs, je ne viens pas m'opposer à la discussion immédiate, c'est-à-dire à ce que le Sénat ajourne les formalités, voulues par son règlement, d'impression et de distribution du rapport; je conviens seulement vous demander, si vous prononcez la discussion immédiate, de ne pas procéder aujourd'hui même à l'examen de cette grave question...\n\nJ'insiste donc pour le renvoi à demain. (Vive approbation à droite.) (Murmures prolongés à gauche.)\n\nM. Lambert de Sainte-Croix. On me dit: Pourquoi pas?\n\nM. le président du conseil et MM. les ministres des affaires étrangères et de la marine ont demandé le maintien de l'article 2, et se sont attachés à réfuter les objections présentées par la commission; ils n'ont pas admis les inconvénients de l'institution du commissaire civil par mesure législative; ils n'ont pas non plus reconnu ceux de la proposition par deux ministres, et ils ont cherché à démontrer que la rédaction du troisième paragraphe ne pouvait donner lieu à une fausse interprétation.\n\nMessieurs, c'est la première fois... (interruptions à gauche)... je ne dis pas au Sénat, mais dans un Parlement, que, lorsqu'il s'agit d'une question de cette importance qui, non seulement au point de vue de nos finances, mais encore de nos relations extérieures, peut avoir des conséquences graves, lorsqu'il s'agit, après tout, d'engager au loin l'or, le sang et l'honneur de la France... (Exclamations et rires sur les mêmes bancs.) Vous pouvez en rire, messieurs, moi, je n'en ris pas, et je n'en rirai jamais. On riait aussi au début de l'expédition du Mexique. (Nouvelles exclamations à gauche. Très bien! très bien! à droite.)\n\nIls se sont ensuite retirés, et la commission a procédé à une dernière délibération suivie du vote.\n\nA l'unanimité, elle a adopté l'article 1 et l'article 3, et, à la majorité, elle s'est prononcée pour la suppression du premier paragraphe de l'article 2, ce qui a entraîné le rejet du reste de l'article.\n\nEn conséquence, la commission a l'honneur de proposer l'adoption du projet de loi, réduit aux deux articles suivants:\n\nLorsqu'il s'agit, je le répète, d'une mesure de cette nature, il n'y a pas d'exemple qu'un Parlement ait procédé à la discussion immédiate, pour ainsi dire au pied levé. (Nouvelles marques d'approbation à droite.)\n\nMessieurs, j'ai écouté, pour ma part, avec beaucoup d'intérêt et d'attention le remarquable rapport qui vient de vous être lu.\n\nVoix nombreuses à gauche. Aux voix! aux voix!\n\nM. le président. Deux propositions se trouvant en présence, tendant l'une au renvoi à la prochaine séance, l'autre à la discussion immédiate, je mets aux voix, selon l'usage, le jour le plus éloigné.\n\n(Le renvoi à demain n'est pas prononcé.)\n\nM. le président. Il va être procédé à la discussion immédiate.\n\nM. Fournier (Indre-et-Loire). Je demande la parole.\n\nM. le président. La parole est à M. Fournier.\n\nM. Fournier (Indre-et-Loire). Messieurs, le traité signé le 15 mars 1874, entre la France et le roi d'Annam, reconnaît la souveraineté du royaume de l'Annam et son entière indépendance vis-à-vis de toute puissance étrangère quelle qu'elle soit. Il lui promet aide et assistance et s'engage à lui donner, sur sa demande et gratuitement, l'appui nécessaire pour maintenir dans ses états l'ordre et la tranquillité, pour le défendre contre toute attaque et pour détruire la piraterie qui désolait une partie des côtes du royaume.\n\nEst-ce que quelqu'un me démentira si je dis que ce document vaut, à coup sûr, la peine d'être lu et étudié?\n\nArt. 1er.- Il est ouvert au ministre de la marine et des colonies, au titre du budget ordinaire de l'exercice 1883, un crédit supplémentaire de 5,300,000 fr, qui sera classé à la 2e section, service colonial, chapitre 9, service du Tonkin.",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "The dozen or twenty guns there were on the front attacked by the French were placed in such cramped positions that they scarcely covered more than the country directly in front of them. Here and there, too, there were square wooden trough-like constructions run through the body of the wall, presumably called loop-holes, but absolutely useless except when a body of troops was unfortunate enough to pass directly in front of them. In addition to this, not even the best use that could have been made of the bad material at their disposal was obtained. The Black Flags seem to have handed over the artillery to the Yunnan or Kwang-si militia, and these men neither had the skill nor the courage necessary to serve the guns. It seems undeniable that if the cannon had been employed with anything like the energy which kept up the small arm fire, the French would never have taken Bortay, or at any rate, not till after a long siege. As it was, the fight here, though severe enough while it lasted, was nothing like the struggle at Phu-sa.\n\nDivided counsels no doubt helped the French greatly. The Chinese \"regulars,\" as they are styled, seem to have drawn off early on the morning of the 15th. Then Liu Jung-fu and the Torquinese Prince appear to have had bickerings, and in the end none but the Black Flags seem to have fought. Close to the west gate, where the entry was effected, there is a long street, constituting the Chinese quarter of the town and inhabited in great part by the leaders of the Hak-kis. Up one side of this street went the Turcos and the Foreign Legion and up the other the Infantry of Marine under the direct command of Admiral Courbet, who was one of the first to surmount the works. All through the second day the fighting centred in this street. Turning and counter-turning movements were made by both sides, but all the while the hardest work was in the centre. The Chinamen defended almost every house. They very early found out that the system followed by the French from the beginning of the campaign was to be carried out here. No quarter was asked for and none was given. So it went on till close on nightfall, when Liu Jung-fu's house was reached. From the extensive outline to be traced in the ashes and the pieces of ornamental stone and plaster-work still to be seen, this must have been a very fine building. With its capture the fighting seems to have practically ceased. The Frenchmen devoted themselves to the ransacking of the defeated chief's house, and the Black Flags drew off towards the citadel, which is not much more than two hundred yards off. What the value of the despatches discovered in Liu's house may have been has not yet appeared. The letters from Hué are at any rate of no practical value, unless they result, or have already resulted, in the beheading of anti-French mandarins. The import of Li Hung-chang's communications may or may not have important results. Perhaps the new reinforcements announced to have left France are not altogether unconnected with the perusal of these documents.\n\nWhat followed is long since known to you. The Black Flags drew off under cloud of night to the mountains which lie north and west of the town. The French entered the citadel early in the morning. The entry was, in true modern Gallic fashion, utterly unauthorized and irresponsible. A handful of Turcos and Estrangers approached the north gate, pushed it open, and entered and found no one inside except for wretched Annamese women and children, and 8 or so Scots of still more luckless youths. A flag was then improvised of a length of the red waistcloth of a Turco, the handkerchief of an officer, and a strip off the blue cummerbund of a Foreign Legion man, and the hoisting of this characteristic tricolor on the tower was the first notice Admiral Courbet had of the occupation of the citadel. Inside, the rice stores were the principal captures made. There was a certain amount of bar-silver taken, but the Chinamen seem to have carried the greater part away with them. About a hundred and fifty poulies were found, as also an elephant, since dead, and a small arsenal. It was obvious, however, that all who left carried their arms and cartridge belts with them. The French have made a clean sweep of all the buildings inside the citadel with the exception of a few of the better-class huts for the officers, the Royal Pagoda, in which the Colonel Commandant is domiciled, and the huge granaries of rice, which were piled up to the roof with grain and contained provisions for probably a couple of years. There is also a curious small building used by the Black Flags as a powder manufactory, with regular compartments for the saltpetre, sulphur, and charcoal. The French are tinkering it up into an arms store. There is no doubt that Liu Jung-fu showed good judgment in abandoning the citadel. Its conglomerate walls would even have fallen before the French guns and the whole garrison would have been trapped. It does not seem to have mounted more than sixteen or twenty guns altogether, and these, if possible, were more wretched pieces than the ordnance on the earthworks.\n\nThe French have cleared a wide space all round the front, and have driven wide open ways in all directions out into the open country, necessarily sacrificing the houses of the town in the process. This presents a most desolate appearance at present. Only about one house in fifty yards is occupied, and yet it appears that it is dangerous for a man to walk alone through the streets after dark. Possibly this state of things may improve later on, but it will not do so very fast, if we are to judge from the other towns in French occupation. Nowhere have they as yet more than a mere military grip on the country. They hold the towns, but nothing more. The Chasseur d'Afrique may jingle his spurs down the Boulevard Marty of Haiphong; the Turco may clear the streets before him in Hanoi; the ordinary line-man and his fellow of the Infantry of Marine may kick over old women's vegetable stalls and swagger about consumedly in Nam-dinh and Haid-anong; at Sontay the same thing may be done with impunity, but nowhere can any one of them go beyond the range of French guns. The Black Flags or pirates would be down upon them immediately. The wanderer would be fortunate if he was merely pelted with stones. The ordinary thing would be a spear-thrust, and a pint of nails and pebbles from a blunderbus might be anticipated with reasonable confidence. It will be a long time before the delta is really brought to a peaceable condition.\n\nIt will be much longer if the projects at present seething in the Gallic brain are attempted. You are aware that the idea is to surround Bac-ninh completely and destroy the garrison to the last man, even if there should be twenty-five thousand of them. Unfortunately for the garrison it would seem that the heights round the town are taken, this scheme is quite feasible. This swooping scheme is talked of here in the most matter-of-fact way by naval and military officers, by civilians and loafers. The argument is that it will be a most salutary \"example\" and that under cover of the scare \"produced,\" the French General Négrier is the man whom rumour points out as the leader of the attack - will make a dash on Lang-son, through the hills, and so close the gate from China. Lang-son should certainly have been taken long ago, but that does not mean that it will be taken now, either easily or at all. There are signs that the rains may set in early this year. There has already been a great deal too much for our comfort. In the rains the country between Bacninh and Sontay would be impracticable.\n\nMeanwhile everything here is at a stand-still, pending the arrival of General Millot with the reinforcements. It is a question whether he will allow correspondents to go to the front, and if he follows the advice of those now in power, he will not.\n\nPage 253",
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        "page_number": 445,
        "title": "CO129-215 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "Pwilemation, both display a cordial desire for Friendly, relativix and on caruest regard for the prerai interest,\n\ngementi for which I am deeple grateful.\n\nI have recently received a report from Admiral Fong, and a Report from Colonel Lai, the acting Commandant of the Kai Pang Brigade, informing me of the energetic political and seizure\n\nof several untanique shipments in The Colony, and I appreciate beyond measure the help taken. In acknowledging your despatch on the subject I beg you to convey to His Excellency the Governor of Shanghai my most sincere thanks.\n\nConvoluted by.\n\nI have to\n\nC.\n\n(0) S. E. Hopkins\n\n443",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 302,
        "title": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "# 301\n\nSa Majesté l'Empereur de Chine, saisi par l'entremise de Son Excellence Monsieur Arthur, Grand Justicier présomptif du fils de la l'Impératrice, premier Secrétaire d'Etat, Vice-Roi de Sichili, noble héréditaire de 1ère Classe, du 3e rang.\n\nLe Représentant de la République Française, Monsieur Paul François Fourier, Capitaine de Frégate Commandant l'éclaireur d'escadre le \"Volta\", Officier de la Légion d'Honneur, etc.\n\nSont convenus, après avoir échangé leurs pleins pouvoirs trouvés en bonne forme, des articles suivants :\n\n## Article I\n\nLa France s'engage à respecter et à protéger contre toute agression d'une nation quelconque, et en toutes circonstances, les frontières méridionales de la Chine mitoyennes du Tonkin.\n\n## Article II\n\nLe Céleste Empire, rassuré par les garanties formelles de bon voisinage qui lui sont données par la France, quant à l'intégrité et à la sécurité des frontières méridionales de la Chine, s'engage :\n\n1° : à retirer immédiatement sur les frontières les garnisons chinoises au Tonkin.\n2° : à respecter dorénavant et dans...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "page_number": 414,
        "title": "CO129-216 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1884 [5-6]",
        "content_text": "Of other valuable vegetable products there is lack. Gutta is found in abundance in the hills. So are a great variety of resinous trees, more particularly that from which the Tonquinese obtain the oil which they use for their lacquer ware, which is in no way inferior to that of Japan or Burmah. There is also a low tree which grows abundantly along the banks of the more upland streams, the fruit of which distils an oil which, it is claimed, renders timber secure alike against the attacks of water and insects.\n\nStar Anis, a valuable essential oil used in perfumery, distilled from the fruit of a tree of the Magnoliaceæ species, is also found in quantities in the northern provinces. A number of other aromatic trees and shrubs have also been seen by experts.\n\nTimber of all kinds is very abundant in the hills north of Thai-Nguyen and Hung-hoa and to the west in the provinces of Mi-Duc and elsewhere. Rose wood, ebony, iron wood, sapan and sandal are among the more valuable varieties. I do not remember seeing the teak tree in any part of the country.\n\nThe mineral products of the country as enumerated by MM. Dupuis, Remaset, du Cailly and others comprise a simple list of all the metals to be found in the table of contents of a work on mineralogy. As yet, however, the French have come upon none of the mines said to exist. They are all in the hill country beyond the delta. The expedition in the end of April to the western hills failed to discover anything of importance. There seems, however, little doubt that gold is to be found in considerable quantities at various places in the Rivière Claire basin and on the Red River, a little below Laokai. The month of October will no doubt show how far M. Dupuis's enthusiastic accounts were justified. It is greatly to be feared, however, that all the mining business will be reserved by the French Government for concessions to favoured individuals or companies. There is considerable irritation in Tonquin just now at the presence there of a mining explorer who is a near relative of the head of the French Cabinet. Notwithstanding his kinship he is not a Frenchman - only a Swiss.\n\nIn the villages on the Bacninh-Thai-Nguyen road there are several iron and copper foundries of a primitive kind. The mines whence the ore is drawn were, however, not found. Next year no doubt will see a good many discoveries in this line.\n\nIt seems, however, probable that the coal mines at Hong-gai in the north of Halong Bay will very shortly be regularly worked. Coal has been brought from this place in a fitful kind of way for a good many years now, and it is said to be of very fair quality. It is extremely easily worked and there is eight feet of water up to the very place where the seam crops out, the seam itself being eight feet thick.\n\nThe silk culture of Tonquin ought to become very important, and there are so many Frenchmen who have a knowledge of at least the most essential things to be observed in the industry that it ought to develop very rapidly. The larvæ are at present fed on a species of mulberry, the morus indica, which grows very readily from shoots, and it is to be seen in huge plantations more particularly in the Nam-Dinh and Ninh-Binh districts. The mulberry tree proper would take up very much less room, and would probably raise finer caterpillars. The Tonquinese have very much to learn in the way of winding the cocoons and other technical matters, even to the weaving of silks likely to be acceptable in Europe. There is, however, little doubt that sericulture will be one of the most important industries of Tonquin.\n\nWith regard to the political state of the country it can scarcely be considered as other than extremely unsatisfactory as yet. The French have already sent off a number of European troops to Madagascar and France, but nevertheless even the most sanguine of them does not pretend that the pacification of the country is any more than begun. There are garrisons of European troops at Haiphong, Hanoi, Sontay, Hung Hoa, Bacninh, Thai Nguyen, Phu-Lang-Thuong (on the Langson road) Haidzuong, The Seven Pagodas, Quang-yen, Nam-Dinh, Ninh Binh, Phuly and Batang, and small posts of a few European or native troops at such places as Elephant Mountain, \"The Bamboo\", Mi-Duc and a few other places. Outside of these it is not safe for a European to go unarmed, and it is almost impossible to get Frenchmen to go even under those circumstances. There are rumours of pirates from everywhere, north, south, east, and west. A band of 6,000 here, as many hundred in another place, and a few score in a third. Doubtless a great deal of this is exaggeration, and when expeditions go out they very seldom come across the marauders. Of genuine pirates there are a few. Ba Bao, their most daring chief, hangs about the mountains to the east of Bac-ninh and north of Haidzuong, and makes occasional raids. It was no doubt a section of his band which gave the \"Zephyrs\" so much trouble a few weeks ago at the \"Grotto Mountain\" not more than eight miles from Haiphong. The Commandant of the regiment received three wounds, and altogether the affair was hardly satisfactory, though the \"Jacobin\" is not mentioned but \"Joyeur\" captured the only gun their opponents had. Nevertheless it appears that the pirates still remain in their caves. Apart from these, however, the \"pirates\" are mere amateurs, distressed peasants, bad characters of all sorts, and the dismissed coolies of the French columns, whom the Turcos and others have taught how to loot in systematic fashion. Amateurs or not, however, Tonquin is not a place to go to for rural seclusion just yet, and probably will not be for the better part of a year. In any case, no arrangements can be made for getting tracts of land yet. The native officials are perfectly willing to sell land and to give the most satisfactory title deeds, but the French Commissioners hang back and say that authorisation must be obtained from the home Government.\n\nTonquin, therefore, though a land of exceeding great promise, is not likely to attract capitalists for a good many months yet. The towns which must necessarily become the most important from their situation, are Hanoi, Nam-Dinh, and Haidzuong. There is a great deal of building going on in the capital just now, and those who saw the town last August would hardly recognise it again. The streets have been widened, and large brick houses are being run up in every direction. On the river front three long jetties have been built in such a way that they will probably all be washed away before October; but for the present they impress the natives with an idea of western superiority and hint at a large trade. Nam-Dinh and Haidzuong are unfortunately very unhealthy and will continue to be so until the elements of a drainage system are introduced. The latter town indeed hardly exists now. Between them the French and the Chinese have almost utterly destroyed what was at one time nearly the finest and probably the wealthiest town in the delta. But from its position it must necessarily rise again from its ruins. It is extremely unfortunate under the circumstances that the French Resident apparently allows the Annamese to build their mud huts in the most eligible situations, and apparently without any regard to plan.\n\nHaiphong still remains a problem. Is it to be... \n\nPage 4133",
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        "document_key": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
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        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "# JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\n## Seizième année. N⚫ 64\n\n### Partie Officielle\n\n**Mouvements dans l'armée**\n\nM. de l'Eglise de Ferrier de Félix, colonel du 118e régiment d'infanterie, passe au commandement du 123e régiment de même arme, en remplacement de M. Picard, changé de corps.\n\nM. Lebrun, colonel du 108e régiment d'infanterie, passe au commandement du 118e régiment de même arme, en remplacement de M. de l'Eglise de Ferrier de Félix, changé de corps.\n\nM. Hecquet, colonel du 27e régiment d'infanterie, passe au commandement du 108e régiment de même arme, en remplacement de M. Lebrun, changé de corps.\n\nM. Picard, colonel du 123e régiment d'infanterie, passe au commandement du 27e régiment de même arme, en remplacement de M. Hecquet, changé de corps.\n\n**Cavalerie**\n\nPar décret ministériel du 2 mars 1884, M. Marchal, major du 6e régiment de cuirassiers, est passé aux fonctions de chef d'escadron dans le corps dont il fait partie, par échange d'emploi avec M. de Salles de Lys.\n\n**Écoles militaires**\n\nPar décision ministérielle du 25 février 1884, M. Bouchard, capitaine, professeur d'art militaire à l'école militaire d'infanterie, est passé au 102e régiment d'infanterie, en remplacement de M. Bosler, nommé chef de bataillon.\n\nPar décision ministérielle du 28 février 1884, M. Strobl, chef de bataillon au 83e régiment d'infanterie, a été nommé commandant en second de l'école militaire d'infanterie, en remplacement de M. Metzinger, passé au 3e régiment de Zouaves.\n\n### Partie Non Officielle\n\nParis, 4 Mars 1884,\n\nLe président de la Chambre des députés et M. Henri Brisson recevront, à l'hôtel de la présidence, ce soir à 5 heures.\n\nLe président du conseil, ministre des affaires étrangères, et M. Jules Ferry recevront, le samedi soir 8 mars, à l'hôtel du quai d'Orsay.\n\nLe ministre de la guerre recevra, à l'hôtel du ministère, ce soir 5 mars.\n\nLe ministre des postes et des télégraphes recevra, aujourd'hui 5 mars, à l'hôtel du ministère, 101, rue de Grenelle.\n\n## RAPPORT\n\nadressé\n\n**AU MINISTRE DE LA MARINE ET DES COLONIES**\n\nHanoï, le 19 janvier 1884.\n\nMonsieur le ministre,\n\nJ'ai l'honneur de vous rendre compte des opérations qui ont eu pour résultat la prise de l'inviolable Sontay.\n\n### Opérations militaires\n\nLe 11 décembre, au matin, le corps expéditionnaire, arrivant par la grande digue, opéra sa jonction et prit position à l'extrême gauche. Le Mousqueton, sur lequel se trouvait le chef d'état-major de la division navale, prit les devants du corps expéditionnaire pour aller indiquer le point de débarquement et vérifier les sondages d'après lesquels ce point avait été choisi quelques jours auparavant.\n\nUne première colonne (colonne de gauche), sous les ordres du colonel Belin, prenait la route de terre par Phu-Ocï et Phong, où elle devait passer la nuit.\n\nCette colonne comprenait :\n| Unités | Effectifs |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bataillons Jouneau et Le Tellier (tirailleurs algériens) et le bataillon Donnier (légion étrangère) | formant le régiment de marche du 19e corps |\n| Bataillon Roux (infanterie de marine) |  |\n| Auxiliaires tonkinois | 800, commandant Bertaud |\n| Batteries attelées de 4 de montagne et une batterie attelée de 65mm (artillerie de marine) |  |\n| Escouades de télégraphistes et une ambulance | 2 escouades et 1 ambulance |\n\nAprès avoir traversé le Day, elle devait rejoindre le lendemain l'autre fraction du corps expéditionnaire, qui prenait passage sur la flottille.\n\nCette seconde fraction (colonne de droite), commandée par le colonel Bichot, comprenait :\n| Unités | Effectifs |\n| --- | --- |\n| Bataillons Chevallier, Dalieu et Reygasse (infanterie de marine) | sous les ordres du colonel de Maussion |\n| Bataillon des fusiliers marins | commandant Laguerre |\n| Batteries traînées de 4 de montagne (artillerie de marine) | 3 batteries |\n| Batterie de 65mm du corps de débarquement de la division navale |  |\n| Escouades de télégraphistes et une ambulance | 2 escouades et 1 ambulance |\n\nLa flottille se composait ainsi qu'il suit :\n- Le Pluvier, la Trombe et l'Eclair, portant ensemble environ 1,500 hommes\n- Les petites canonnières Hache, Mousqueton, Yatagan, surveillant et protégeant la marche\n- La Fanfare, mouillée depuis longtemps au-dessus de Palan, dégageant le cours du fleuve en amont\n- Trois chaloupes à vapeur, chargées des communications\n- Un grand nombre de remorqueurs et de jonques, portant le reste des troupes et le matériel\n\nLa batterie de 80mm de campagne avait été embarquée, comme réserve, dans le chaland le Guan-Cam.\n\nLa Surprise restait à Hanoi pour protéger la ville et le cours du fleuve en aval.\n\nJ'avais mon pavillon sur le Pluvier.\n\nCe n'est pas seulement afin d'accélérer le mouvement que je dirigeais une partie du corps expéditionnaire par le fleuve. Presque certain que l'ennemi ne nous attendait point à l'endroit choisi pour le débarquement, je comptais que cette colonne donnerait à l'autre un vigoureux appui, si le passage du Day était disputé.\n\nLa flottille remonta le fleuve sans autre incident que quelques coups de hotchkiss tirés à grande distance sur des pavillons blancs qu'on aperçut près d'une pagode de la rive gauche, aux environs de Palan.\n\nÀ trois heures trente, je quittai le Pluvier et me transportai sur l'Eclair avec le colonel Bichot, le colonel Badens, le colonel Révillon et mon état-major général.\n\nLes troupes de la colonne étaient fatiguées ; il fallait attendre au lendemain pour franchir l'espace de 5 ou 6 kilomètres qui nous séparait des ouvrages avancés de Sontay.\n\nLe 12, à six heures et demie du matin, le corps expéditionnaire se mit en marche sur deux colonnes. Celle de gauche, commandée par le colonel Belin, suivait la grande digue intérieure ; celle de droite, commandée par le colonel Bichot, s'avançait par la route qui borde le Song Cui, tandis que la flottille la suivait à petite vitesse sans dépasser la tête des troupes.\n\nLe débarquement commença sous la direction du capitaine du Mousqueton et continua sans relâche au fur et à mesure que les navires chargés de troupes venaient accoster. Pendant ce temps, le Pluvier et les petites canonnières protégeaient l'opération, qui ne fut d'ailleurs nullement inquiétée par l'ennemi.\n\nÀ six heures du soir, infanterie, artillerie, chevaux et bagages étaient à terre.\n\nLes bataillons, aussitôt formés, avaient reçu l'ordre de pousser en avant, perpendiculairement au fleuve, jusqu'à la grande digue, située à deux ou trois kilomètres à l'intérieur, et de prendre leurs cantonnements en s'échelonnant dans les divers villages situés sur cette ligne.\n\nJe plaçai mon quartier général sur le bord du fleuve, restant ainsi en communication avec la flottille et avec le poste de télégraphie optique de Palan.\n\nCe poste me donna le soir même des nouvelles de la colonne de gauche.\n\nLe colonel Belin s'était avancé sans incident jusqu'au Day, y avait trouvé les jonques destinées à établir un pont ; il comptait le construire pendant la nuit et traverser le lendemain matin de bonne heure.\n\n### Description de Sontay\n\nIl convient, avant de commencer le récit des combats qui ont amené la prise de Sontay, de donner une description détaillée des nombreux ouvrages que l'ennemi avait accumulés aux abords de cette ville et qui en faisaient une forte place de guerre.\n\nLa citadelle de Sontay, située à 2 kilomètres du fleuve environ, forme un carré de 300 mètres de côté, entouré d'un mur en maçonnerie de 5 mètres de hauteur. Le mur est couronné de fraises constituées par des bambous croisés et liés entre eux. Cette ligne de fraises fait saillie à l'extérieur sur une largeur de deux mètres et présente un obstacle sérieux à l'escalade.\n\nLa partie supérieure du mur forme parapet de 1 mètre de largeur, sur lequel sont disposées des plates-formes pour l'artillerie et des abris pour les défenseurs. À 80 centimètres au-dessous de la crête du mur règne un terre-plein.\n\nAu milieu de chaque face se trouve une demi-tour circulaire de 30 mètres de diamètre, dont le flanc droit est percé d'une porte vadée. Un pont massif en briques traverse le fossé dans la direction de la capitale de la demi-tour. Une porte en bambous ferme l'entrée du pont ; une porte massive en bois ferme l'accès dans la demi-tour et dans la citadelle. La porte de l'Est est murée.\n\nUn fossé d'environ 20 mètres de large, profond de 3 mètres et rempli d'eau sur une profondeur de 1 mètre, entoure le rempart, dont il est séparé par une épaisse berme ou bande de terre de 8 mètres de large appelée Chemin des Éléphants ; les lèvres du fossé sont à pic et revêtus de maçonnerie.\n\nÀ l'intérieur de la citadelle, on distingue la tour en briques, de 18 mètres de hauteur, qui domine au loin. Le reste de la citadelle est occupé par les maisons des mandarins, les magasins à riz, vastes bâtiments visibles à l'extérieur, et d'autres édifices publics.\n\nAutour de la citadelle se trouve la ville, qui se compose de quatre rangées de maisons en briques ou en torchis disposées le long des routes aboutissant aux quatre portes de l'enceinte extérieure. Ces portes sont en maçonnerie massive ; celles de l'Est et de l'Ouest sont murées en terre, celles du Nord et du Sud seules peuvent s'ouvrir : les portes sont reliées par un retranchement composé d'un parapet en terre de 4 à 5 mètres de hauteur, percé d'embrasures et de créneaux revêtus en bois de clayonnage, permettant aux défenseurs de tirer le fusil ou le canon sans être vus de dehors. Le parapet est entouré d'un fossé de...\n\n### Suite des opérations\n\nDans la matinée du 12, je parcourus les positions avec le colonel Bichot et le chef d'état-major et je reconnus le pays. Complètement plat, et relativement sec à cette époque de l'année, il est couvert de villages boués, généralement entourés d'épaisses haies de bambous, qui en font de petites forteresses. Ces villages laissent entre eux des espaces dégagés couverts de rizières et de champs de cannes à sucre.\n\nDans l'après-midi du 12, toute la colonne de droite fut portée en avant et établie, depuis le fleuve jusqu'à la grande digue, sur une ligne de 2 kilomètres de développement, perpendiculaire à la rive, passant par le village de Xuyen-Van, où s'établit le quartier général. Les bataillons étaient rangés dans l'ordre suivant, à partir de la droite :\n- Bataillon Chevallier, s'appuyant au fleuve\n- Bataillon des fusiliers marins, commandant Laguerre, à côté du quartier général\n- Bataillon Reygasse\n- Bataillon Dalieu, à l'extrême gauche, s'appuyant à la digue\n\nL'artillerie, sous les ordres du colonel Révillon, était placée un peu en arrière du quartier général.\n\nCependant, la colonne de gauche rencontrait de grandes difficultés pour traverser le Day. Le pont établi dans la nuit s'était rompu et le colonel Belin s'était vu obligé de faire le va-et-vient avec des jonques, non sans éprouver de sérieux embarras pour le transport des canons et des chevaux. Ce passage, effectué d'ailleurs sans résistance, occupa toute la journée du 12 et la nuit était déjà fort avancée quand les troupes purent prendre leurs cantonnements.\n\nC'est seulement le 13, à midi, que la colonne de gauche put rejoindre la colonne de droite...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "page_number": 119,
        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "# JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\n## [1884] 5 Mars\n\nSeizième année. — N. 64.\n\n5 mètres de largeur rempli d'eau, alimenté par un arroyo voisin. Une ligne d'abatis en bambous secs non élagués recouvre le fossé. Entre le fossé et le parapet, une berme de 3 à 4 mètres de largeur est couverte de bambous vivants, très serrés, de 8 à 10 mètres de haut, qui cachent complètement la ville aux vues de l'extérieur. Cette haie de bambous est un feu obstacle infranchissable.\n\nLa porte Ouest de l'enceinte extérieure étant murée, un passage d'un mètre de large a été pratiqué à travers la haie de bambous, à 40 mètres au sud de la porte. Par cette ouverture, on peut arriver au pied du rempart et l'escalader. Elle est couverte par un tambour, fermé lui-même par une porte en bois. Extérieurement, une route aboutit à la porte Ouest et contourne le fossé jusqu'à la porte du tambour, qu'il faut franchir d'abord pour pouvoir entrer ensuite dans l'enceinte, un à un, par la coupure pratiquée à travers les bambous.\n\nLes portes du Nord, du Sud et de l'Est sont protégées par un tambour en palanques; des défenses accessoires, petits piquets, chevaux de frise, fraises, couvrent les abords et les couronnements des portes.\n\nÀ l'extérieur de la ville, le terrain est couvert de villages et de pagodes fortifiés par une haie vive de bambous et un parapet en terre percé de créneaux, qui défendent les approches de l'enceinte. Les principaux sont: Mai Chay, Nghia-Phu, Thanh-Tri, Van Gia, vers le Sud; Thien-Haan et Phuc To, vers le Nord-Est; le village, le marché et les pagodes de Phu Nhi, Van-Mien, vers le Nord-Ouest. Du côté du Sud-Ouest, l'enceinte extérieure est longée par un arroyo de 30 mètres de large, sur lequel est un pont en bambous, en partie détruit, conduisant de la porte Ouest à la pagode de X:-Ba.\n\nDe la porte Nord, une rue conduit à l'embarcadère de Phu Nhi, qui avait été considéré par l'ennemi comme notre point de débarquement et avait été défendu en conséquence.\n\nLa digue venant du Day se rapproche du fleuve et va tomber sur la rive à Thien-Loc; elle s'en écarte ensuite progressivement pour la rejoindre une seconde fois au village de Noi. L'embarcadère de Phu Nhi est au milieu de ce demi-cercle, parfaitement commandé par la digue, qui a environ 5 mètres de surélévation.\n\nLa partie de la digue située entre Thien-Loc et Phu-Sa a été rongée en deux points par les eaux; aussi a-t-elle été doublée dans le Sud par une nouvelle digue traversant Linh-Chien et rejoignant l'ancienne à Phu-Sa.\n\nLa branche du Nord est organisée de la même manière; elle bat le terrain qui s'étend vers Phuc-To, Thien-Xuan et la partie Nord-Est de l'enceinte extérieure. Une porte défilée, pratiquée dans un retour de la coupure, permet de communiquer avec le reste de la digue vers Linh-Chien.\n\nCes deux portions de digues, que nous appellerons aussi branches de Phu-Sa, sont barrées par une palissade terrassée à hauteur de Thien-Xuan. À 100 mètres dans l'est de leur point de jonction, elles sont barrées de nouveau par un retranchement en terre, armé d'un canon placé dans une casemate qui les enfile suivant la direction de l'Est. À hauteur de ces deux batteries casematées, un retranchement en terre relie les deux branches.\n\nL'ensemble des deux branches et des retranchements constitue un ouvrage fermé.\n\nDu côté du Sud, le village de Phu-Sa est entouré d'un retranchement en terre pourvu de créneaux, qui se relie à la branche Sud et la flanque dans tous les sens. Ce village et la plaine sont à 6 ou 7 mètres au-dessus du niveau de la digue. Aux abords, le sommet et les talus de la branche Sud sont garnis de piquets de bambous et d'abatis. Du côté du Nord, le pied de la digue est longé par un fossé plein d'eau, couvert d'abatis de bambous.\n\nLe fleuve est battu en travers par les canons de Phu-Sa et enfilé par une grosse pièce établie près de la rive à la même hauteur. Cette pièce est protégée par un parapet et des traverses.\n\nTel est l'ensemble des ouvrages désignés sous le nom de forts de Phu-Sa, qui forment le point d'appui oriental des défenses dirigées contre le fleuve.\n\nD'après cette disposition des ouvrages, il fallait s'appuyer sur le fleuve pour avoir une base d'opérations solide, surtout avec le concours des canonnières, ainsi que pour échapper à toutes les difficultés de ravitaillement en vivres comme en munitions. C'était aussi là que la porte nord-ouest de l'enceinte, objectif présumé de l'attaque, était la plus accessible.\n\nAussitôt arrivé à Thien-Loc, après avoir reconnu les positions, je fis avancer sur la branche Sud le bataillon d'infanterie de marine commandant Dalien, précédé de sa compagnie de tirailleurs annamites, capitaine Doucet, flanqué dans la plaine, du côté du village Linh-Chien, par une compagnie d'auxiliaires tonkinois. Deux pièces de 4, en batterie à la grande digue, battirent en même temps, du côté de la plaine, les postes avancés ennemis qui furent enlevés sans grande difficulté, et la tête de colonne arriva rapidement au village de Linh-Chien. Le bataillon de Reygasse s'engagea sur la branche Sud à la suite du bataillon Dalien. En même temps, une batterie d'artillerie, placée à l'ouest de la grande digue, enfilait les extrémités et des branches de Phu-Sa et battait la pagode du village, sur laquelle tirait également la flottille, à la même hauteur sur la branche Sud, occupèrent le village et la pagode; nos troupes se trouvaient ainsi à 500 ou 600 mètres des ouvrages de Phu-Sa, dont le feu, très bien nourri, ralentit leur marche.\n\nVers dix heures trente, le bataillon Roux, un peu plus tard, le bataillon Chevallier (infanterie de marine), s'avançant par la branche Nord jusqu'à Noi, est organisée en une immense batterie: toutes les pièces sont sous casemates; des traverses nombreuses abritent les défenseurs et les pièces contre l'enfilade. Un mur en terre, de 1 m. 50 de hauteur et 2 mètres d'épaisseur, couronne la crête de la digue du côté du fleuve. Le sommet de la digue, qui a 8 ou 10 mètres de largeur, forme le terre-plein. Les défenseurs sont couverts par une rangée de maisons en paillottes disposées sur la crête opposée. Ces maisons servent de logements et de parados. Cette disposition existe aussi sur les branches de Phu-Sa, et empêche de voir d'une branche les défenseurs de l'autre.\n\nÀ 100 mètres à l'ouest de Phu-Sa, la digue est fermée par une forte palissade, renforcée par un parapet en terre disposé pour la fusillade, et pourvu d'une casemate armée d'un canon. Cette coupure a un retour percé d'une porte bien défilée.\n\nAu passage de la route de l'embarcadère à la citadelle, un grand tambour en terre et en palanques, avec casemates basses, couvre la porte et flanque le fossé de la digue. Ce tambour est contourné par le fossé. Il forme un véritable bastion. À l'ouest de ce tambour, le fossé s'élargit et forme un espèce d'étang jusque vers Noi. La rue de l'embarcadère est d'ailleurs obstruée, entre la digue et la ville, par une barricade armée d'un canon pouvant tirer vers la digue.\n\nUne batterie de canons de 4 fut établie alors entre les deux branches, à l'ouest du village de Linh-Chien, et deux pièces de 4 sur la branche Sud, à la sortie du village. Ces pièces ouvrirent leur feu vers une heure l'après-midi, prenant à revers les casemates de Phu-Sa et battant directement la batterie ennemie de 4 pièces de la branche Sud.\n\nLa flottille, de son côté, engagea le combat avec la batterie de Phu-Sa et les jonques armées de canons qui étaient accostées à l'embarcadère. La Fanfare, serrant de près la rive gauche, avait vue sur les ouvrages de Phu-Sa, qu'elle battit jusqu'au moment de l'assaut. Le tir avait lieu entre 1,500 et 2,000 mètres.\n\nDans la nuit, quelques coups de fusil furent échangés entre la légion étrangère et des tirailleurs ennemis embusqués dans le village boisé de Phu-Nhi, qui s'étend de la digue vers le Sud.\n\nPendant toute la journée, ce côté du champ de bataille fut le théâtre d'un combat indécis, engagé à fond ni d'un côté ni de l'autre, tandis que l'action principale se poursuivait à Phu-Sa.\n\nÀ deux heures et demie, le bataillon Jouneau (tirailleurs algériens), qui était en réserve à Thien-Loc, reçut l'ordre de se porter en avant. Il vint prendre position derrière une haie de bambous, entre la branche Nord et le fleuve, à 400 mètres environ de Phu-Sa, soutenu par une batterie de canons de 4 et par le feu de la flottille. À sa gauche, le bataillon Chevallier et une partie du bataillon Roux, soutenus par deux batteries de canons de 4, étaient déployés dans l'espace compris entre les deux branches et se reliaient au bataillon Dalien, dont deux compagnies, soutenues par deux pièces de 4, formaient la tête de colonne sur la branche Sud.\n\nLe colonel Bazin, dirigeant plus particulièrement l'opération sur la branche Nord, était assisté sur la branche Sud par le colonel de Maussion. Vers quatre heures, le colonel Bazin, jugeant que le feu de l'ennemi se ralentissait sensiblement, demanda l'autorisation de donner l'assaut.\n\nLa flottille reçut l'ordre de cesser le feu et, au signal du colonel Bazin, nos troupes s'élancèrent avec un élan admirable. Le bataillon Jouneau, son commandant en tête et la compagnie Godinet en tête, fila presque homme par homme, en dedans de la branche Nord, en dessous et en arrière des casemates ennemies, tandis que les bataillons Chevallier et Roux traversaient, non sans difficulté, la plaine marécageuse qui précède le retranchement crénelé sur la branche Sud. Les compagnies Cany (infanterie de marine) et Doucet (tirailleurs annamites), du bataillon Dalien, soutenues par une partie du bataillon Reygasse, enlèvent à la baïonnette la partie qui défend le passage; le capitaine Doucet trouve dans cette attaque une mort glorieuse. Ces compagnies, gagnant au pas de course le point de jonction des deux branches, y rallient le bataillon Jouneau, qui s'en est emparé quelques instants avant. Mais l'ennemi, repoussé, fait une résistance intrépide; solidement établi derrière la barricade élevée en travers à 100 mètres au-delà du point de jonction, embusqué dans le village qui borde la branche Sud à notre gauche, il dirige sur nos troupes un feu meurtrier; deux fois la compagnie Godinet, soutenue par la compagnie Cany, se précipite à l'assaut de la barricade, deux fois son élan vient se briser contre un obstacle infranchissable.\n\nCette nuit du 14 au 15 fut un combat continuel. Enhardis par l'obscurité, furieux de leur défaite, les Pavillons-Noirs ne cessent de harceler nos lignes, dirigeant sur Phu-Sa leurs plus violentes attaques et nous infligeant des pertes cruelles. Toutefois, ils ne peuvent entamer nos positions; un dernier mouvement offensif, tenté sur toute la ligne, vers quatre heures du matin, est repoussé comme les autres; alors, ils profitent des dernières heures de nuit pour évacuer tous les ouvrages du bord du fleuve et se renfermer dans l'enceinte extérieure de Sontay.\n\nAinsi, l'échec des attaques de nuit, achevant la défaite de l'ennemi, nous livrait sans combat une série de positions dont la prise de vive force nous eût coûté sans doute de très grands sacrifices.\n\nAprès avoir montré un entrain admirable dans l'assaut de Phu-Sa, et retrouvé une fois de plus cet élan qui les a illustrées dans tant de batailles, nos troupes, tirailleurs algériens et infanterie de marine, ont déployé au milieu de l'obscurité, durant ces longues heures de lutte, une bravoure, un sang-froid et une énergie dignes des plus glorieuses journées de leur histoire.\n\nLe 15, vers sept heures du matin, je retournai à Phu-Sa, où tout était rentré dans le calme. Je pus franchir sans difficulté la terrible barricade contre laquelle s'étaient brisés la veille tant de généreux efforts. Les corps mutilés de plusieurs de nos braves furent retrouvés auprès de la barricade, ainsi que ceux d'un certain nombre de Chinois que l'ennemi avait abandonnés dans sa fuite.\n\nLe 16, au jour, la légion étrangère alla fouiller ce village, où se trouvaient quelques Pavillons-Noirs; arrivée à la lisière Sud, elle échangea quelques coups de fusil avec le corps de la place et revint ensuite reprendre son poste sur la digue.\n\nLe bataillon Le Tellier, envoyé en reconnaissance dès les six heures du matin, arriva sans incident à 500 mètres de la butte qui défendait la porte Ouest de l'enceinte, un peu à droite, à 300 mètres environ de la grande pagode fortifiée de Mien-Hoi-Dong, occupée par l'ennemi. Il y fut reçu par une vive fusillade: c'était le prélude de la journée.\n\nVers dix heures, dans le lointain, au pied de collines, une forte colonne ennemie sortie de la ville se dirigeait vers l'Ouest, tentant sur notre droite un mouvement tournant; quelques-uns de ses tirailleurs avaient déjà atteint la lisière du bois.\n\nLe bataillon Le Tellier, relevé par la légion étrangère dans l'attaque principale, fut chargé de surveiller ce mouvement de l'ennemi; le bataillon Jouneau avait déjà dirigé une compagnie de ce côté. Quelques obus, envoyés à grande distance par une batterie établie sur la digue, jetèrent aussi le trouble dans les masses ennemies.\n\nJ'étais allé le matin examiner le terrain; j'y retournai alors et j'arrêtai les dispositions pour l'attaque.\n\nLe bataillon Dulieu prit position autour d'une pagode située entre le hameau de Ha-Tray et la pointe du village de Phu-Nhi. Le bataillon Jouneau fut mis en réserve le long de la lisière Ouest du village de Phu-Nbi; ces troupes étaient appuyées par la batterie et allaient occuper les positions évacuées. Le bataillon Chevallier, soutenu par une batterie d'artillerie et par le bataillon Reygasse, s'engageait dans la grande rue qui mène à la porte Nord, et le bataillon Roux allait remplacer à Phu-Sa le bataillon Reygasse. Ces derniers mouvements avaient pour but de simuler une attaque sur la porte Nord, que l'ennemi avait accumulé ses plus puissants moyens de défense, et d'attirer son attention de ce côté, tandis que l'attaque principale serait vivement menée contre la porte Ouest.\n\nCette dernière, en effet, quoique défendue par une batterie de quatre pièces, offre à l'attaque des conditions particulièrement favorables. Située à l'extrémité d'un saillant très allongé de la fortification, elle est percée au milieu d'un front en pan coupé de peu d'étendue, 30 mètres environ. Les deux faces S.-O. et N.-O., qui aboutissent à cette porte, peuvent être enfilées facilement par l'assaillant placé aux pagodes Dan-Xa-Trac, Dan-Son-Xuyen, Mien-Hoi-Dong et au marché de Phu-Nhi. Tous les projectiles dirigés sur le retranchement se concentrent dans le quartier Ouest de la ville et contribuent à le rendre inhabitable pour les défenseurs. De plus, l'aile droite de l'assaillant se trouve couverte par l'arroyo, sur lequel les pagodes nous donnent une tête de pont.\n\nEnfin, le terrain, bas près de l'arroyo et près de la digue, où il est même marécageux, se relève peu à peu en approchant de la porte Ouest.\n\nUn tertre isolé est situé près de la route.\n\nL'ennemi ripostait vigoureusement; les projectiles tombaient au milieu des nôtres. Un d'eux atteignit la Fanfare et fut amorti par le blindage en chaînes dont cette canonnière s'était protégée à l'extérieur; l'air...\n\nLe capitaine Godinet et son adjudant sont tués, le commandant Jouneau reçoit une balle dans la cuisse, le capitaine Cuny est blessé au bras; le lieutenant Clavet, qui le remplace, tombe frappé d'une balle quelques instants après. Les obus occasionnaient de grands ravages; ils démontaient des pièces et réduisaient les batteries au silence près. L'incendie des maisons voisines allumé par l'ennemi offre un nouvel obstacle. La nuit approche.\n\nLe colonel Bazin et le colonel de Maussion, préoccupés de défendre les positions conquises avant de pousser plus loin, font commencer un retranchement en avant de la plaine jusqu'au village de Phu-Tu-Dong.\n\nLa flottille et le convoi avaient suivi le mouvement des troupes et étaient venus mouiller un peu en amont, au point d'où l'on aperçoit la tour de la citadelle, les remorqueurs et bâtiments de charge accostés par le travers et en aval.\n\nÀ Noi, une batterie enfile la digue vers l'Ouest. Cette batterie est reliée avec les défenses du village Van-Mien par une palissade de Noï.\n\nLa digue du Nord est organisée en batterie casematée. Chaque pièce a sa casemate; entre les casemates sont des créneaux pour le fusil. Cette batterie a vue sur le fleuve et sur le terrain qui le sépare de la digue jusqu'à l'embarcadère. Un mirador entièrement construit est destiné à concourir, avec le gros canon de Phu-Sa, à enfiler le fleuve. Il n'est pas armé.\n\nLa citadelle se compose de plus de 100 pièces de canon, dont la moitié environ sont de petit calibre et susceptibles d'être déplacées.",
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        "id": 327348,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "# Journal des Débats, 14.02.15 A 1884\n\n## LUNDI 14 AVRIL\n\nLes troupes chinoises n'ont pas essayé de défendre Hong-Hoa. Dans la journée du 12 avril, elles se sont retirées après avoir incendié la ville. C'était sur la rivière Noire, qui se jette dans le fleuve Rouge, à 7 kilomètres au sud de Hong-Hoa, que le commandant en chef du corps expéditionnaire avait concentré ses forces. Le 12 avril, il a fait bombarder par des batteries de 80 et de 85 la citadelle de Hong-Hoa et les villages situés en avant de cette place. Les pièces ont tiré pendant six heures, et, tandis que le bombardement durait encore, les ennemis ont mis le feu à la ville et se sont dirigés vers le pont de bambous qui met Hong-Hoa en communication avec la rive gauche du fleuve Rouge. Comme les projectiles de l'artillerie française ne pouvaient atteindre le pont, la retraite des Chinois n'a pas été sérieusement inquiétée. Après avoir traversé le fleuve, ils ont remonté vers le nord dans la direction de Phu-Lang. Cependant, il paraît certain que toute la garnison de Hong-Hoa ne s'est pas retirée sur la rive gauche du fleuve Rouge; quelques détachements sont restés sur la rive droite et se sont dirigés vers Don-Vang, du côté de l'Ouest. Suivant le plan préparé par le commandant en chef, la brigade Brière de L'Isle devait manœuvrer de manière à tourner Hong-Hoa et à isoler cette place du massif montueux qui la sépare de Don-Vang.\n\nPour exécuter cette opération, le général Brière de L'Isle a traversé la rivière Noire à 8 kilomètres au sud du point où elle se jette dans le fleuve Rouge; mais, au moment où il a commencé ce mouvement, les Chinois avaient déjà évacué Hong-Hoa, et il n'a pu atteindre ceux des fuyards qui étaient restés sur la rive droite. Les Pavillons-Noirs ne paraissent pas avoir fourni de nombreux contingents à la garnison de Hong-Hoa. Le gros des troupes qui occupaient cette ville était formé de soldats de l'armée régulière de la province de Yunnan, qui étaient placés sous les ordres du mandarin Cham.",
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    {
        "id": 327363,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "page_number": 151,
        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "# Paris, 30 Avril '1884.\n\n## Journal Officiel 1er Mai 1884\n\n**Le ministre de la marine a reçu du général Millot le rapport suivant sur les opérations qui ont eu pour conséquence la prise de Bac-Ninh et la retraite de l'armée annamite et chinoise :**\n\nIl y avait deux partis à prendre : ou bien aborder de front les défenses accumulées sur la route d'Hanoï à Bac-Ninh, en faisant de ce côté l'effort principal ; ou bien tromper l'attente de l'ennemi, chercher à prendre ses positions à revers et menacer sa ligne de retraite, en concentrant tout le corps expéditionnaire entre le canal des Rapides et le Song-Cau, vers leur confluent, pour faire tomber la place sous l'effort combiné des deux brigades et de la flottille remontant le Song-Gay.\n\nDe ces deux solutions, la première devait fatalement entraîner de grands sacrifices d'hommes, la seconde semblait pouvoir être obtenue avec des pertes moindres et amener un résultat plus complet. Le général en chef n'hésita pas à adopter cette dernière. Il arrêta en conséquence les dispositions suivantes :\n\nLa 1re brigade partira d'Hanoi, passera sur la rive gauche du fleuve Rouge, longera le canal des Rapides, le traversera vers le marché de Chi et opérera sa jonction avec la 2e brigade. Celle-ci, quittant Haï-Dzuong par eau, débarquera au confluent du Song-Cau et du canal des Rapides, s'emparera des hauteurs de Tron-Cau et de Doson, prendra à revers les défenses des Chinois sur le canal des Rapides et favorisera ainsi le passage de la 1re brigade. La jonction du corps expéditionnaire une fois réalisée sur la rive gauche du canal des Rapides, les deux brigades réunies se porteront en avant et enlèveront successivement les deux lignes de défense ennemies s'étendant, la première, du massif important du Trung-Bon au barrage de Lag Buoi ; la seconde, de Bac-Ninh au barrage de Dap-Cau. La flottille combinera son action avec celle de la 2e brigade, en marchant à hauteur de sa droite.\n\n## DÉTAIL DES OPÉRATIONS\n\n### Journées de 7, 8, 9, 10 et 11 mars\n\n#### A) 1re brigade\n\nLe 7 mars, à 5 heures du soir, commençait le passage de la 1re brigade sur la rive gauche du fleuve Rouge ; opération suspendue pendant la nuit, reprenant le lendemain, dès la pointe du jour (5 heures), et, malgré des difficultés matérielles considérables, s'exécutant dans le plus grand ordre au moyen de soixante-quatre jonques et trois remorqueurs. Le 8 mars, vers huit heures du matin, la tête de colonne se mettait en marche.\n\nLes avis fournis par le service des renseignements avaient établi d'une façon positive que l'ennemi occupait Bac-Ninh avec le gros de ses forces, avait poussé de forts détachements vers le Song-Cau et le canal des Rapides, et tenait en particulier les directions et les points suivants :\n\n| Direction/Point | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| A) Route de Hanoi à Bac-Ninh | Des travaux de défense étaient échelonnés depuis Dinh-Ban jusqu'au canal des Rapides. |\n| B) Route de Bac-Ninh à Phu-Thuan-Thanh | Les points de Chi-nè et de Phu-Thuan-Thanh étaient occupés. Le village de Chi-nè était très sérieusement organisé. |\n| C) Hauteur du Tron-Cau | Plusieurs ouvrages se trouvaient sur cette hauteur. L'organisation défensive du Tron-Cau était complétée par les redoutes de Yen-Diah (sur le Song-Cau). |\n| D) Route de Bac Ninh à Lang-Son | Des retranchements existaient depuis Bac-Ninh jusqu'à Ben-Thuong (sur le Thuong-Giang). |\n| E) Hauteur de Doson | Couronnée par un petit fortin. |\n\nEn outre, deux barrages sérieux étaient signalés sur le Song-Cau : à Lag-Buoi et à Dap-Cau.\n\nLe 11, à deux heures cinquante minutes de l'après-midi, quatre jours après son départ d'Hanoi, la 1re brigade, suivie d'un immense convoi de deux mille coolies, était tout entière sur la rive gauche du canal des Rapides, qu'elle avait franchi au village de Xam. Le canal présente en cet endroit une largeur de 90 mètres. Le passage s'était effectué en moins de 6 heures au moyen de deux canonnières, de jonques remorquées et d'un pont de bateaux rapidement assemblé par les détachements du génie et de pontonniers.\n\n#### B) Marche de la 1re brigade\n\nLa brigade, débouchant du marché de Chi, se leva vers le nord, dans le double but de se rapprocher de la 2e brigade et de déborder par le nord les défenses du Trung-Son.\n\n#### B) 2e brigade\n\nLa 2e brigade, partie d'Haï-Dzuong par eau le 6, avait pris pied à la montagne des Sept-Pagodes (confluent du Song-Cau et du canal des Rapides), s'était emparée le 8, avec le concours de la flottille, de Tran-Cau, du fort de Naon, des ouvrages de Yen-Dinh et de la hauteur de Doson, après une série de combats vivement menés. Dès le 9 au soir, elle se mettait en communication avec la 1re brigade au moyen d'émissaires et de la télégraphie optique.\n\nA midi cinquante minutes, le général en chef donnait l'ordre au général commandant la 2e brigade de prendre ses dispositions de combat. Les bataillons se déployaient immédiatement, tandis que l'artillerie, traversant la rizière, allait prendre position et commencer à canonner les pentes du Trung-Son.\n\nAprès une préparation qui durait près d'une heure, la première ligne d'infanterie s'ébranlait, soutenue par une deuxième ligne formant réserve. Les villages au pied des pentes, les premiers sommets du Trung-Son sont enlevés avec entrain. Notre infanterie poursuit de ses feux l'ennemi qui cherche à gagner les pitons les plus élevés, et se porte bientôt en avant, pour briser la dernière résistance, sur la deuxième ligne de défense.\n\nQuelques coups de canon tirés sur Bac-Ninh suffisaient à briser la dernière résistance, et bientôt deux bataillons d'infanterie, sans sac, se portant en avant, entraient sans coup férir dans la place. A cinq heures cinquante minutes du soir, le drapeau français flottait sur la grande tour de la citadelle.\n\n### Journée du 12\n\nLe 11, à deux heures de l'après-midi, la concentration du corps expéditionnaire était un fait accompli. Le général en chef donna l'ordre suivant pour la journée du 12 :\n\nL'ennemi occupe une première ligne de défense dont la droite est appuyée à la hauteur du Trong-Son, et la gauche au Song-Cau, vers le village de Val. Entre ce dernier village et celui de Lag-Buoi, un barrage ferme le fleuve. La 2e brigade partira de Doson à six heures du matin et se portera sur la ligne ennemie. La flottille, partant de Yen-Dinh, remontera le Song-Cau, détruira le barrage de Lag-Buoi et appuiera l'attaque de la 2e brigade. La 1re brigade quittera son cantonnement de Xam à six heures et demie du matin ; elle se portera d'abord au marché de Chi, en suivant la rive gauche du canal des Rapides. Elle se dirigera ensuite sur le Trung-Son et s'en emparera.\n\n#### A) Description de la position ennemie\n\nLa position de l'ennemi, le 12 au matin, s'appuyait sur les hauteurs fortifiées de Trung-Son et au village retranché de Xuam-Hoa. En ce point, la ligne se brisait vers une direction ouest-est, pour couvrir une boucle accentuée du Song-Cau et le barrage de Lag-Buoi. Ce barrage était défendu par une forte batterie bien armée et par un fortin sur la rive droite, par des redoutes étagées sur la rive gauche. Entre le village de Xuam-Hoa et le barrage existaient sept redoutes carrées.\n\nC'est sur le Trung-Son que les Chinois avaient établi leurs principales défenses. Les sommets de ce massif étaient couronnés de quatre forts, dont les feux se concentraient sur la route d'Haï-Dzuong à Bac-Ninh qui passe à l'est de ses pentes. Cette route était également commandée par un cinquième fort, situé au sommet d'un cône isolé à l'ouest du massif.\n\n#### C) Marche de la 2e brigade\n\nLa 2e brigade, cantonnée dans les villages autour de ses positions de Doson, avait rompu à six heures trente minutes du matin et pris son ordre de combat en arrière des villages formant rideau, à trois kilomètres en avant de l'ancien fort de Doson, face à Xuam-Hoa. Les reconnaissances ayant permis de se rendre compte de la position de l'ennemi, le général commandant la 2e brigade s'était décidé à faire une fausse attaque sur les retranchements du barrage, et à percer la ligne ennemie à la cathédrale de Keroi.\n\nPendant ces mouvements de la 2e brigade, la flottille s'était avancée sur le Song-Cau. Elle avait pour instructions : maintenir sa tête en arrière du pavillon de rectification, porté par le corps de débarquement, qui était lui-même en échelon derrière la droite de la 2e brigade ; ouvrir le feu sur la batterie et les ouvrages du barrage ; ces ouvrages ruinés, diriger son feu sur les ouvrages de la rive gauche, s'avancer ensuite jusqu'au barrage et commencer aussitôt les travaux nécessaires pour obtenir un passage praticable aux canonnières et aux jonques.\n\nL'ennemi, qui comptait 25 à 30 000 hommes, s'était enfui en laissant en notre pouvoir une place où il avait accumulé depuis plusieurs mois des défenses sérieuses, où il avait envoyé ses meilleures troupes et ses chefs les plus renommés. Il nous abandonnait une centaine de canons, une batterie Krupp, quantité de fusils se chargeant par la culasse, des munitions (poudre et cartouches), et enfin de nombreux étendards.\n\nAu quartier général, à Hanoi, le 21 mars 1884.\n\n**Général MILLOT**",
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        "content_text": "# \n\ndésirait que cette Convention pût recevoir, sans aucun retard, l'approbation des deux Gouvernements; le Commandant Fournier demandait, à cet effet, des pleins pouvoirs.\n\n\"La question se posait devant nous dans les termes les plus clairs et les plus catégoriques de la part de la Chine, l'évacuation immédiate du Tonkin dans toute l'étendue de ses frontières naturelles, la promesse de respecter dans le présent et dans l'avenir les Traités directement faits et à faire entre la France et la Cour d'Annam, l'engagement solennel d'ouvrir au libre trafic entre la France et l'Annam d'un côté et la Chine de l'autre toute la frontière méridionale de la Chine limitrophe du Tonkin, c'est-à-dire les trois provinces du Yünnan, du Quang-Si, et du Quang-Tong, et de régler sur cette frontière la liberté des échanges et les Tarifs de Douanes dans les conditions les plus profitables au commerce Français. Ces avantages considérables seraient-ils trop chèrement achetés de la part de la France par la renonciation à une indemnité pécuniaire, dont le principe n'était, d'ailleurs, ni contestable ni contesté ?\n\n\"Une satisfaction en argent aurait-elle, aux yeux du pays, plus de prix qu'un Traité de bon voisinage, une alliance commerciale et politique, ne laissant derrière elle ni humiliation, ni amertume, en livrant à nos productions, à l'étroit dans l'ancien monde, des débouchés inattendus ?\n\nNous ne l'avons pas pensé, et sur l'heure nous envoyions au Commandant Fournier les pleins pouvoirs du Gouvernement de la République, sous la seule condition de s'assurer, avant d'en faire usage, de la ratification préalable du Gouvernement Chinois. “Le 9 Mai, le Commandant Fournier télégraphie de Tien-tsin, à 5 h, 45 m, du soir :- \"Je remercie le Gouvernement de la confiance qu'il me témoigne. Le Vice-Roi me charge de vous transmettre ses remerciements pour l'empressement que votre Excellence a mis à approuver la Convention dans les termes mêmes où elle avait été arrêtée entre nous. Nous avons immédiatement demandé en termes pressants, par courrier extraordinaire, à la Cour de Pékin, son approbation définitive, en la priant de nous autoriser à signer dans le plus bref délai possible.' \n\n\"Le 10 Mai, 11 heures 23 du matin, M. Fournier écrit :— \"Tout sera terminé demain soir à 4 heures.\n\n\"Et, en effet, le 11 Mai, à 5 heures du soir, les deux Plénipotentiaires signaient la Convention, après s'être réciproquement communiqué leurs pleins pouvoirs.\n\n\"Voici cet acte, avec son préambule, et dans toute sa teneur, tel que le télégraphe nous l'a transmis : \n\n\"**Le Gouvernement de la République Française et Sa Majesté l'Empereur de Chine** voulant, au moyen d'une Convention préliminaire, dont les dispositions serviront de bases à un Traité définitif, mettre un terme à la crise qui affecte gravement aujourd'hui la tranquillité publique et le mouvement général des affaires, rétablir sans retard et assurer à jamais les relations de bon voisinage et d'amitié qui doivent exister entre les deux nations, ont nommé pour leurs Plénipotentiaires respectifs, savoir — \n\n| Puissance | Plénipotentiaire |\n| --- | --- |\n| Sa Majesté l'Empereur de Chine | S. Son Excellence Li-Hong-Tchang, grand tuteur présomptif du fils de Sa Majesté Empereur, Premier Secrétaire d'État, Vice-Roi du Tchili, noble héréditaire de première classe, du troisième rang; |\n| Le Gouvernement de la République Française | M. Ernest-François Fournier, Capitaine de Frégate, Commandant l'éclaireur d'escadre le \"Volta,\" officier de la Légion d'Honneur; |\n\n\"Lesquels, après avoir échangé leurs pleins pouvoirs, trouvés en bonne et due forme, sont convenus des Articles suivants :— \n\n## Article 1\n\"La France s'engage à respecter et à protéger contre toute attaque d'une nation quelconque, et en toutes circonstances, les frontières sud de la Chine limitrophes du Tonkin.\n\n## Article 2\n\"La Chine, rassurée par les garanties formelles de bon voisinage qui lui sont données par la France quant à l'intégralité et à la sécurité de ses frontières sud, s'engage à retirer immédiatement sur ses frontières toutes les garnisons Chinoises du Tonkin et à respecter, dans le présent et dans l'avenir, les Traités directement faits ou à faire entre la France et la Cour d'Annam.\n\n## Article 3\n\"Reconnaissante de l'attitude conciliante de la Chine et pour rendre hommage à la sagesse patriotique de son Excellence Li dans la négociation de cette Convention, la France renonce à demander une indemnité à la Chine. En retour, la Chine s'engage à admettre sur toute l'étendue de sa frontière sud limitrophe du Tonkin, la liberté du trafic des marchandises entre la France et l'Annam d'une part et la Chine de l'autre, à régler par un Traité de Commerce et de Tarifs à faire dans l'esprit le plus conciliant de la part des négociateurs Chinois et dans des conditions aussi avantageuses que possible pour le commerce Français.\n\n## Article 4\n\"Le Gouvernement Français s'engage à n'employer aucune expression de nature à porter atteinte au prestige de la Chine dans la rédaction du Traité définitif qu'il va contracter avec l'Annam et qui abroge les Traités antérieurs relatifs au Tonkin.\n\n## Article 5\n\"Dès que la présente Convention aura été signée, les deux Gouvernements nommeront leurs Plénipotentiaires, qui se réuniront dans le délai de trois mois pour traiter définitivement sur les bases ci-dessus arrêtées.\n\n\"Conformément aux usages diplomatiques, le texte Français fait foi.\n\n\"Fait à Tien-tsin le 11 Mai, 1884, le dix-septième jour de la quatrième lune de la dixième année de Quang-Sha, en quatre expéditions: deux en langue Française et deux en langue Chinoise, sur lesquelles les Plénipotentiaires respectifs ont signé et apposé le sceau de leurs armes. Chacun des Plénipotentiaires garde un exemplaire de chaque texte.\n\n\"Tel est le Traité de Tien-Tsin. C'est une Convention préparatoire à compléter par des négociations ultérieures, mais ferme dans toutes ses clauses exécutoires, et, nous pouvons le dire dès à présent, en voie d'exécution.\n\n\"Nous avons trouvé, en effet, chez l'homme d'État éminent qui exerce actuellement sur les destinées de la Chine une influence prépondérante et qui a porté dans cette négociation une netteté de vues et de résolution si remarquable, la volonté bien arrêtée d'exécuter promptement et loyalement ce qui avait été si vite et si bien conclu.\n\n\"Une dépêche du Commandant Fournier, datée du 18 Mai, nous fait connaître que le retrait des garnisons Chinoises du Tonkin s'opérera, en vertu d'un accord passé avec le Vice-Roi, du 6 au 26 Juin prochain, dans les termes suivants, dont le Commandant-en-chef du Corps Expéditionnaire a reçu communication.\n\n| Date | Événement |\n| --- | --- |\n| 6 Juin | Évacuation de Lang-Son, Cao-Bang, Chat-Khe, et de toutes les places du territoire du Tonkin adossées aux frontières du Quang-Tong et du Quang-Si; |\n| 26 Juin | Évacuation de Lao-Kaï et de toutes les places du territoire du Tonkin adossées à la frontière du Yunnan. |\n\n\"De notre côté, nous avons déjà désigné, conformément à l'Article final de la Convention, nos Plénipotentiaires définitifs, et nous avons envoyé à M. Patenôtre, qui doit se trouver à Hué à la fin de ce mois, les instructions nécessaires pour donner satisfaction aux préoccupations particulières qui ont inspiré l'Article IV. La rédaction définitive du Traité du Hué ne contiendra, cela va de soi, aucune expression dont puissent s'émouvoir les susceptibilités de l'Empire du Milieu.\n\n\"Nous soumettons avec confiance toute cette négociation au jugement des Chambres et du pays. La France s'est toujours fait honneur de ne pas poursuivre ses victoires à l'extrême. Notre modération, hautement appréciée par l'opinion Européenne, nous assure la meilleure solution pour le présent, la plus grande somme de sécurité pour l'avenir.\"",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "title": "CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884",
        "content_text": "## JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\n### Seizième année. No 384\n\n**VAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE**\n\nI \n\nmandé, par suite de l'explosion d'un appareil de recherches de procédés pour la fabrication de l'hydrogène.)\n\n## MUTATIONS\n\nService d'état-major, du 2 décembre 1881.\n\nPar décis. minist.\n\nM. Bruneau, capit. d'inf. hors cad., employé à l'ét maj. de la div. d'Oran (19 corps d'ar.), a été nommé à un emploi de son grade à l'ét. maj. de la 13° div. d'inf. (7* corps d'ar.).\n\nM. Allenet, capit. breveté au 123° rég. d'inf., a été mis en activ. hors cad. pour être affecté au service d'ét-maj. et nommé à un emploi de son grade à l'ét-maj. de la div. d'Oran (19 corps d'ar.).\n\n## PARTIE NON OFFICIELLE\n\nParis, 6 Décembre 1884.\n\n### ÉLECTION A LA CHAMBRE DES DÉPUTÉS\n\n#### SCRUTIN DU 30 NOVEMBRE 1884\n\nTonne.\n\nArrondissement d'Avallon. — \n\n### Tonkin\n\n|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n\ntion sur la face du delta le plus immédiatement en contact avec les bandes chinoises, M. le lieutenant de vaisseau Manceron tirait des renseignements très intelligents sur la présence de l'ennemi dans le haut Loch-nan. La canonnière portait une aide et une protection sérieuses aux villages menacés ou attaqués. Ce rôle la désignait aux premières tentatives offensives de l'ennemi; aussi, dans la nuit du 8 au 9 septembre, une bande de 500 Chinois attaquait la canonnière; une vive fusillade révélait brusquement la présence de l'assaillant, qui ouvrait son feu à 400 mètres en amont et 150 en aval; en quelques secondes, la Hache ripostait de sa fusillade et de son canon-revolver, et, après une courte résistance, qui permit cependant à l'ennemi d'incendier en partie le village; la bande était mise en déroute avec des pertes sensibles.\n\nA la suite de renseignements obtenus par une nouvelle reconnaissance poussée jusqu'à Lam (18 septembre) et faisant prévoir que cette attaque ne demeurerait pas un fait isolé, mais que l'offensive ennemie allait se dessiner, la Hoche était renforcée de la Massue, capitaine Challier.\n\nLe mois s'écoulait sans nouvelle agression, les canonnières continuant leur rôle de protection des villages riverains, de police de la rivière et de transmission de renseignements. D'après ceux-ci, le commandement faisait préparer une colonne, composée de deux compagnies de légion étrangère, deux du 143° d'infanterie, une de tirailleurs tonkinois et deux pièces de 80mm de montagne, qui devait, sous le commandement de M. le colonel Donnier, refouler les bandes chinoises répandues dans la vallée de Loch-nan et dont le but paraissait être, en donnant la main à l'agglomération signalée à Bao-Loc, de s'emparer, au profit de l'armée de Lang-son, de la récolte de riz de cette riche vallée.\n\nUn télégramme du général Brière de l'Isle, en date du 2 décembre 1884, annonce qu'il a été trouvé dans un des villages du Loch-Nam une proclamation imprimée du vice-roi des deux Kouangs qui vise un décret impérial excitant à l'empoisonnement des Français.\n\nLe ministre de la marine a reçu du général Brière de l'Isle un rapport, en date du 23 octobre 1884, résumant les opérations qui ont eu lieu au Tonkin en octobre.\n\n### Rapport sur les opérations exécutées du 1er au 25 octobre 1884\n\nEn station dans la rivière de Loch-nan depuis le commencement d'août, la canonnière la Hache, capitaine Manceron, avait reconnu ces parages et donné la main à plusieurs petites opérations parties de Bac-Ninh.\n\nDu 5 au 9 août, elle arrivait au village de Lam, point extrême atteint par l'Aspic dans sa campagne hydrographique de 1876; du 20 au 25, profitant d'une crue, elle réussissait à monter jusqu'à Chu, en appuyant une reconnaissance faite par M. le chef d'escadron d'artillerie Palle, résident de Bac-Ninh, et participait à la prise et à la destruction de ce fortin.\n\nRevenue au mouillage de Loe-nan, sa mission consistait à empêcher les jonques de remonter la rivière pour porter des approvisionnements aux bandes signalées dans la haute vallée. Elle avait l'occasion de débander, de son canon-revolver, un parti de 300 Chinois; le lendemain, ses embarcations armées en guerre reconnaissaient l'arroyo de Dong-triên.\n\nDe toutes ces reconnaissances et de sa situation, ...\n\n|  |  |\n| --- | --- |\n|  |  |\n\nPendant cette période, une colonne, composée d'une compagnie d'infanterie légère d'Afrique et une de Tonkinois, sortait, le 29, de Haï-Dzuong, sous les ordres de M. le chef de bataillon Tonnoi, du 24 tirailleurs tonkinois, et, avec le concours des canonnières Mousqueton, capitaine Fortin, et Rafale, capitaine Babean, poursuivait des bandes tenant la campagne au nord de Haï-Dzuong et dans la vallée du Song-Kinh-thai. Cette colonne rentrait le surlendemain, ayant eu, sur la rive gauche du fleuve, le contact presque permanent avec les vedettes ennemies, mais sans pouvoir les atteindre. Une petite garnison était laissée à Lac-son pour surveiller le pays (rive droite du Song Kinh-thaï, entre les Sept Pagodes et Dong-trieu, à environ 3,000 mètres dans l'intérieur); elle se composait de 50 hommes du bataillon d'Afrique et de la compagnie de tirailleurs tonkinois; elle était sous les ordres de M. le capitaine Canivet, commandant cette compagnie.\n\nTelle était la situation le 2 octobre, lorsque les canonnières Hoche et Massue, en reconnaissance dans le Loc-nan, étaient furieusement attaquées près du village du même nom, par 4,000 Chinois. Le Mousqueton, en route sur le Song-thuong, appelé par l'intensité de la canonnade, prenait aussi part à ce combat, dans lequel nos canonnières, fusillées par un ennemi caché derrière les bambous et dans de hautes berges très fourrées, à une distance parfois de 30 mètres à peine, durent traverser à deux reprises les positions des assaillants en les mitraillant du feu de leurs pièces et de leurs canons-revolvers. Mais nos pertes étaient sensibles: la Massue avait perdu son capitaine, M. le lieutenant de vaisseau Challier qui, frappé le matin, à la montée, d'une balle à la gorge, mourait, l'après-midi, dans la descente; cinq hommes avaient été blessés. La Hache comptait six blessés, dont deux très grièvement. Enfin, le Mousqueton avait, dans son équipage, dix blessés, dont cinq grièvement, et, parmi le détachement du bataillon d'Afrique, d'escorte à son bord, dix blessés, dont trois grièvement.\n\nAprès la mise hors de combat du capitaine Challier, M. le capitaine Fortin avait pris le commandement de la petite flottille, et c'est sous sa direction qu'avait eu lieu la deuxième partie du combat à la descente.\n\nCe même jour avait été fixé pour la réunion de la colonne Donnier aux Sept-Pagodes où la trouvèrent les trois canonnières après leur engagement.\n\nLe même jour aussi, une colonne, sous les ordres de M. le commandant Servière, du bataillon d'Afrique, quittait Haï-Dzuong avec mission de prendre au passage la garnison de Lac-son et de se porter sur Dong-trien, important débouché de routes venant du nord. Il amenait avec lui une compagnie du bataillon d'Afrique et une de Tonkinois, et devait être appuyé par le Mousqueton. Le 3, à trois heures du matin, avant la jonction, Lac-son, attaqué par 500 réguliers chinois, repoussait brillamment l'ennemi sans pertes de notre côté. Rejointe par le commandant Servière, sa garnison entrait dans la composition de cette colonne qui, dans la nuit du 4 au 5, livrait un brillant combat à un fort parti ennemi qu'elle chassait du village de Thinh-ngai, où il s'était retranché.\n\nDevant ces diverses attaques, révélant nettement l'invasion, il devenait nécessaire d'augmenter les forces agissant vers la face nord du delta. Aussi, tandis que le lieutenant-colonel Donnier remontait le Loc-nan avec Lam pour objectif, le lieutenant-colonel Defoy quittait Hanoi, le 3 au soir, pour Phu-Lang-thuong, avec trois compagnies du 23° de ligne (la quatrième n'était pas encore rentrée de My-Luong), le bataillon du 111°, deux sections de 80 millimètres de montagne, la 3° batterie bis de 4 rayé de montagne.\n\nDe plus, une colonne mobile était préparée à Phu-Lang-thuong sous le commandement de M. le chef de bataillon de Mibielle; elle comprenait un peloton de tirailleurs tonkinois, un bataillon de tirailleurs algériens, deux sections d'artillerie et quelques cavaliers.\n\n### Composition des colonnes\n\n#### Colonne du lieutenant-colonel Donnier\n\n| Unités | Commandants |\n| --- | --- |\n| 2 compagnies du 143° | compagnie Fraissy-l'And et Cavellier |\n| 2 compagnies de la légion | compagnies Beynet et Bolgert |\n| 1 peloton de tirailleurs tonkinois | sous-lieutenant Bataille |\n| 1 section de 80 millim. de montagne | lieutenant Largout |\n| Détachement léger d'ambulance |  |\n| Canonnières | Hache, Massue et Éclair |\n\n#### Colonne du commandant de Mibielle\n\n| Unités | Commandants |\n| --- | --- |\n| 1 peloton de tirailleurs tonkinois | sous-lieutenant Robard |\n| 3° bataillon du 3° tirailleurs algériens | commandant de Mibielle |\n| 2 sections de 80 millimètres de montagne | 11° batterie du 12°, compagnie Jourdy |\n| Détachement du génie avec deux mulets d'outils |  |\n| Détachement léger d'ambulance |  |\n\n### Opérations\n\nLe 5 au soir, la situation était la suivante : Les renseignements faisaient connaître que l'ennemi était partagé en deux groupes principaux: l'un sur le Loch-nan vers Chu, fort d'environ 4,800 réguliers chinois; l'autre, vers Kep, estimé à environ 3,200 réguliers. Ces deux groupes paraissaient reliés par un fort détachement signalé à Bao-Loc.\n\nEn conséquence, le général se résolut : \n1° A pousser le lieutenant-colonel Donnier dans la vallée du Loch-nan en lui donnant Chu pour objectif.\n2° A le faire appuyer par le commandant de Mibielle, qui avait l'ordre de se trouver le 6 au soir à Hoa-Phu, de manière à pouvoir le rejoindre en quelques heures, si c'était nécessaire. Le commandant de Mibielle devait, en outre, refouler vers Bao-Loc, mais sans les presser, les partis ennemis qui voudraient s'opposer à sa marche.\n3° A chasser l'ennemi de Bao-Loc pour le rejeter, d'un côté sur le colonel Donnier, de l'autre sur Kep. Cette attaque de Bao-Loc avait, en outre, pour but de permettre ultérieurement une attaque sur Kep. Il eut été, en effet, imprudent d'attaquer Kep avant de s'être assuré que Bao-Loc était libre, un corps ennemi placé à Bao-Loc pouvant agir sur les derrières d'une colonne opérant contre Kep.\n\nLe 3, M. le général de Négrier quittait Hanoi pour aller prendre la direction générale de toutes ces forces; il se rendait à Phu-Lang-thuong, pour marcher avec la colonne Defoy.\n\nLe 5 octobre, les troupes étaient ainsi réparties:\n\n#### Dans la vallée du Loch-nan\n\nColonne du lieutenant-colonel Donnier.\n\nLe lieutenant-colonel Donnier se trouvait, le 5 à midi, au village de Loch-nan, qui venait d'être attaqué par les Chinois. Les canonnières avaient pris le contact. Il remontait lentement le fleuve pour chercher un point de débarquement le plus près possible de son objectif, Chu.\n\n#### À Phu-Lang-thuong\n\nColonne du commandant de Mibielle : Troupes de sortie de la garnison.\n\nLe 5 au soir, à 4 heures 30, le général reçoit un courrier du commandant de Mibielle. Le commandant de Mibielle fait connaître qu'il a éprouvé dans sa marche les plus grandes difficultés et est en relation avec le colonel Donnier; il compte le rejoindre le 8.\n\nLa jonction de ces deux colonnes assurée et le pays de Bao-Loc vidé de l'ennemi, le général se décide à marcher immédiatement sur Kep. A cet effet, l'artillerie et deux compagnies d'infanterie, les malades de la journée et le quartier général se mettent en mouvement à 5 heures 30 pour bivouaquer à 8 heures 30 à la pagode Thomann. Le reste de l'infanterie, cantonné à Bao-Loc, a l'ordre d'opérer sa jonction avec les troupes de la pagode Thomann, le 8 au matin. Les pertes de cette journée étaient nulles. Quelques hommes atteints de coups de chaleur sont amenés à la pagode Thomann où ils sont gardés pendant la matinée du 8 par deux sections du 143° chargées de les escorter à Phu-Lang-thuong dès l'arrivée des coolies de transport envoyés par cette place.\n\n### Journée du 8. - Prise de Kep\n\nLe 8 au matin, le commandement n'avait que des renseignements vagues et contradictoires sur l'occupation de Kep par l'ennemi.\n\nSous la protection de l'avant-garde placée à 1,500 mètres en avant du carrefour des routes de Bao-Loc et de Kep, le gros avait pris la position de rassemblement.\n\nLa cavalerie dont disposait la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la la 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(1 brigadier and 3 cavaliers) battant le terrain en avant de la position, enlève les avant-postes ennemis et dégage la route de Kep. La colonne marche en avant, et après une heure et demie de marche, elle arrive en vue de la citadelle de Kep.\n\nPage 368\n\n... (text continues, but it is not provided)",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-219 Foreign Office 1884.txt",
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        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 328051,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 429,
        "title": "CO129-220 - Governor Sir Bowen - 1885 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "# \nwhich rejoiced the hearts of our coolies and was appreciated by our ponies. In the yard on the opposite side of the narrow, miry street, the ambulance was placed, and by the light of lanterns, the doctors were attending to the wounded. Frequent visits were made here by General Negrier and Colonel Giovanninelli, chief of the first brigade, and speedily, rumour says, to be made a General. General Briere de l'Isle also paid a visit before leaving on the following day. A few yards from our quarters was the covered gate of the village. Passing through it, early in the morning, to perform my toilet at the stream, I saw a dead Chinaman stretched upon the ground within the enclosure. Had he, with something of the spirit of the famous Roman sentinel, refused to quit the gate when the storm came and perished at his post?\n\n## \n\nNext day, the two Turcos battalions led the way, it being their turn to take the front. These were early followed by the battalions of the marine infantry, and artillerymen. During the night, the Chinese had been seen moving about, collecting their dead, and in the morning, they were found to have fallen back on the road to a more defensible position amongst the interminable hills—I say interminable, because the hills, on either side, reached to the horizon, like the waves of a troubled sea.\n\n## \n\nAbout 9:30 a.m., about an hour after the head of the column had started, there was a little skirmishing. Then there was silence. We moved forward slowly until 11 o'clock, when a brisk fire was opened upon the enemy, and sharply responded to by them, in their turn. A dense mist, gathered on the hills, delayed the action of the artillery, but at 12 o'clock, their guns began to play, and for nearly two hours, there was an incessant interchange between the opposing forces, the French gradually working their way, amidst a hot fire, along the ridge facing the enemy. During the hottest of the fire, the staff were standing on the sheltered side of the hill, the column slowly making its way along the road wending amongst the hills behind. In the hollow below were some of the ambulance corps, headed by the Doctor-in-Chief. A lieutenant of the marine infantry was brought in wounded in the foot. Occasional bullets passed amongst us, and a few yards from where I was, a sub-lieutenant of the staff, a particular favourite of General Briere de L'Isle, was struck. With a long-drawn \"Oh\" and the word \"maman\" on his lips, he fell from his horse and died.\n\n## \n\nAt 1:45, firing ceased, the Chinese having been compelled to retreat to another position. In the short interval that preceded the final outbreak, we moved on along the ridge which had been occupied by the marine corps; and, in a few minutes, had evidence of the severity of the struggle. On a level spot at the turn of the road were collected about 60 Turcos; and the ambulance men were bringing in others from the heights around. A few were dead, and were being carried off to be buried. The doctors were busy among the wounded, dressing their wounds, and placing the worst cases on thick beds and the others on canvas stretchers, which were carried to the rear by the ambulance coolies, four coolies to each stretcher. An officer had been wounded in the leg, but only stopped to cut down the leather of his boots, and then went on with his men. One of the men whom I saw had been grazed just on the nostril. Some of the artillerymen were again wounded; their commandant was killed.\n\n## \n\nAt 4 o'clock, we mounted the crest of the hill to see the Chinese make their last stand on the ridge of the plain, about 900 yards ahead of us. From the hills rather to the left, commanding the ridge, the Turcos, and further back the artillery, were pouring in their fire. For a time, there was a lively response, part of which reached us, and caused the General to order his chasseurs to descend below the crest of the hill. But, ere long, the reply became feebler and at 4:30 it ceased.\n\n## \n\nFor an hour, we advanced amongst the bleak hills, everywhere finding traces of the conflict in the dead bodies of Turcos not yet reached by the Red Cross men, and a larger number of Chinese whom, in their last hasty retreat, the enemy had not been able to carry off with them. One dead man had his gun (a Mauser) beside him.\n\n## \n\nThe Staff took up its quarters for the night in a small village situated on a partially-wooded slope, and the troops camped out amongst the hills on the surrounding heights. In the darkness and gathering mist, I tried to find a shelter in the village, but for long in vain. The houses were few and small and of the poorest kind. I had unsaddled my pony in a dark corner, and disposed myself for the night on the wet grass, when I was hailed by a friend, who gave the welcome intelligence that he had found shelter. In a short passage, about a yard wide, we came to a broken-down tenement, into the upper chamber of which, after performing a gymnastic exercise, for there were neither stairs nor ladder, we were thankful to find a place to lie down in. Our baggage coolies were miles in the rear, so that there was no hope of obtaining our food from them. My companion had in his saddle bag an army biscuit and a part of a tin of cheese; I happily had in mine two biscuits and a tin of marmalade; so we fared fairly well.\n\n## \n\nOur covering was meagre for a cold night, but we slept a little. Our ponies were made happy by the find of a magazine of rice, one thing in which all the villages of this quarter are rich.\n\n## \n\nThere was found here also a store of powder, bullets, and cartridges, German make, for the Winchester repeating rifle, Kynoch's percussion caps, &c., and, in the morning, scores of the soldiers were receiving from the stores white bags of untanned leather and Chinese make, intended, probably, for carrying cups.\n\n## \n\nNext day, the 18th February, our march was free and uninterrupted, save by occasional obstructions in the muddy road. At 11 a.m., we entered the deserted citadel of Langson. On entering, we heard that the enemy intended to show fight outside. Passing through to the rampart on the north side, we could see a small body on the opposite side of the river, the Song Ki Cang, ranged, with gaudy flags and banners in the fort of Ki-lua, less than a thousand yards distant. Two guns were brought up; one or two shots caused the banners and their bearers to disappear within the forts, and one or two more caused them to vacate the fort, and beat another and, perhaps, final retreat.\n\n## \n\nIn itself, Langson is a mean place, and the larger village of Ki-lua, half a mile beyond, is equally mean, a collection of Annamite and Moong huts and a few Chinese houses. Encircled by hills, it is indefensible. Something of the picturesque is given to the scene by the fact that within the circle of the brown-green hills adjacent to the citadel, there creep out from the dull red sandy soil, rugged masses of white marble, covered with dark green bushes, and showing on their weather-stained sides large streaks of yellowish white. These stand out boldly in a way that is effective, and almost imposing, conveying something of the appearance of guardian castles disposed around for the protection of the citadel, or as if they were the homes of the local divinities, or haunts of the genii.\n\n## \n\nLarge stores of ammunition have been found here, and a number of brass guns, two mitrailleuses, and a few Krupps; some of these were found buried in the ground, which seems to be a Chinese practice when they are unable to carry off their guns.\n\n## \n\nAs to the fight en route to Langson, it was no doubt the stoutest resistance that the French have encountered since Sontai. I have not been able as yet to ascertain the whole number of killed and wounded in the series of engagements between Chu and Langson, but it must be large, especially since the last battle on the road, in which, perhaps, as many were disabled as in all the other engagements together. At the storming of...\n\nPage 427",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "page_number": 144,
        "title": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "content_text": "# N° 3482\n\n## TRAITÉ\n\nPassé entre Sa Majesté l'Empereur des Français et Sa Majesté le Roi du Cambodge.\n\nLL. MM. l'Empereur des Français et le Roi du Cambodge Maha Abbarach, désirant faire jouir le royaume du Cambodge des bienfaits de la civilisation, de la paix; considérant que l'intérêt commun des deux États, devenus aujourd'hui limitrophes, exige que le Gouvernement du Cambodge s'entende parfaitement et agisse toujours d'accord avec le Gouvernement Français; S. M. l'Empereur des Français a nommé pour son représentant M. le contre-amiral de la Grandière, gouverneur et commandant en chef en Cochinchine, à l'effet de régler avec S. M. le Roi du Cambodge les conditions auxquelles S. M. l'Empereur des Français consent à transformer ses droits de suzeraineté sur le royaume du Cambodge en un protectorat;\n\nEn conséquence, S. M. le Roi du Cambodge et M. le Gouverneur de la Cochinchine sont convenus:\n\n### Article premier\n\nS. M. l'Empereur des Français accorde sa protection à S. M. le Roi du Cambodge.\n\n### Art. 2\n\nS. M. l'Empereur des Français nommera un résident français auprès de S. M. le Roi du Cambodge, qui sera chargé, sous la haute autorité du Gouverneur de la Cochinchine, de veiller à la stricte exécution des présentes lettres de protectorat.\n\nS. M. le Roi du Cambodge pourra nommer un résident Cambodgien à Saïgon pour communiquer directement avec le gouverneur de la Cochinchine.\n\n### Art. 3\n\nLe résident français aura, au Cambodge, le rang de grand mandarin, et il lui sera rendu dans tout le royaume les honneurs dus à cette dignité.\n\n### Art. 4\n\nAucun consul d'une autre nation que la France ne pourra résider auprès de",
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    {
        "id": 330023,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "page_number": 346,
        "title": "CO129-224 - Foreign Office - 1885",
        "content_text": "# Dix-septième année. \nN⚫ 215 \n## JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE \n242 A \n[1885] 9 Août \n4361 \n\nTABLEAU indiquant les prix des principales denrées, produits, marchandises, etc., au Tonkin, \ndu 1<sup>er</sup> au 30 avril 1885, d'après les rapports de MM. les résidents.\n\n## JOURNAL OFFICIEL DE LA RÉPUBLIQUE FRANÇAISE\n\nceux qui sont portés aux comptes rendus par se vendent assez rapidement dans l'intérieur aux cantiniers qui suivent les colonnes du corps les ministres --- \nexpéditionnaire et aux autres marchands dans les centres. \nLe ministre de la marine et des colonies a reçu du général commandant le corps expéditionnaire du Tonkin le rapport suivant, émanant du bureau d'informations commerciales: \n\nHanoi, le 1 mai 1885.\n\nLa sécheresse, depuis l'équinoxe du printemps, a fait place à des alternatives de beau temps et de brouillards, à quelques orages suivis de pluies bienfaisantes pour l'agriculture en général. Le thermomètre oscillant entre +19 et +26° centigrades, la végétation se trouve dans toute sa force dans les champs cultivés, où les divers travaux pour l'entretien des cultures diverses font l'objet des soins incessants des Annamites.\n\nLes diverses espèces de riz ont poussé avec vigueur aux premières pluies et font présager une bonne récolte au 5<sup>e</sup> mois annamite (juin et juillet) Leur aspect de verdure offre un beau coup d'œil dans les plaines d'une certaine étendue, où l'agglomération de population est assez dense pour ne laisser aucune parcelle de rizière en friche. D'ailleurs, les riz qui ont été plantés tardivement n'ont plus à souffrir du manque d'eau.\n\nLes autres cultures: patatas, haricots blancs et noirs, ricin, maïs, sésame, arachides et mûriers; plantes potagères: navets, carottes, choux, se sont également bien ressenties du changement de saison, et l'aspect qu'elles présentent semble promettre un bon rendement.\n\nLes industries des poteries, des cuivres ouvragés et du tissage de la soie tendent à reprendre dans la province de Bao-Ninh leur ancienne activité. Cependant l'industrie minière n'a repris nulle part, et l'on ne constate en ce moment que quelques chercheurs d'or, — des Chinois errants principalement dans les montagnes à l'ouest du Day et sur les deux rives de la rivière Noire, dans le haut de son parcours. Ils semblent travailler pour leur propre compte et vendent leur produit relativement plus cher qu'il n'est acheté en Europe. Ainsi, le gramme d'or, coté à Paris 3 fr. 20, valeur intrinsèque convenue, vaut à Hanoi et à Son Tay, en ce moment, 3 fr. 56 environ en feuilles; si on déduit 10 p. 100 pour les frais de laminage, etc., on obtient son prix d'achat à l'état brut, soit 3 fr.21 sur les lieux de production, chiffre supérieur à la cote européenne et qui augmenterait encore, s'il fallait l'expédier.\n\nDans les principaux centres, les résidents font exécuter par les indigènes divers travaux de terrassement et de voirie indispensables pour l'assainissement des villes. Les voies du dehors sont également réparées dans leurs parties essentielles. On travaille aux deux routes de Phu-lang-Thuong à Chu et de Tiendao à Kep par Dongquan, dans la province de Bac-Ninh.\n\nL'entretien des routes pendant la saison pluvieuse exige une surveillance de chaque instant. Les orages sont assez violents quelquefois, par la grande quantité d'eau de pluie qui les accompagne, pour détériorer sur plusieurs points à la fois les meilleures routes. Elles sont d'ailleurs faciles à désagréger, n'étant construites en général dans le Delta que de sables d'alluvions. Les réparations de ces routes se font rapidement par le système aunamite des corvées: chaque village étant responsable des travaux que nécessite le tronçon qui passe sur son territoire; aussitôt qu'un dégât ou affouillement est signalé, la corvée du village s'y transporte sous la direction des notables; mais quand il s'agit de travaux plus considérables, tels que constructions ou réparations de digues et canalisations, le gouverneur d'une province est chargé quelquefois d'en diriger l'exécution par les corvées de plusieurs cantons à la fois.\n\nQuoique l'outillage restreint que possède le pays pour le transport de ses produits sur les voies fluviales ne permette pas au commerce d'exportation de profiter d'une façon complète de la latitude qui lui a été donnée par la décision du 19 novembre dernier, l'exportation des riz reprend d'une manière sensible depuis le milieu du mois d'avril. Les achats se bornent au superflu, que les détenteurs, peu habitués au commerce libre, gardaient dans l'espérance qu'ils pourraient bientôt, avant la récolte du 6<sup>e</sup> mois, si elle n'avait pas été heureuse, la vendre sur place à un prix très rémunérateur. Les marchands chinois fixés depuis longtemps dans les provinces méridionales, représentants de maisons chinoises établies à Hong-Kong, semblent, en ce moment, n'avoir que le souci d'y envoyer tout le riz qu'ils peuvent acheter au Tonkin, étant assurés de bénéfices (35 à 40 cents par picul) dans les très grandes circonstances particulières actuelles, tandis que pendant la période de temps de l'ouverture à l'exportation des années précédentes ces bénéfices ne dépassaient guère 9 ou 10 cents pour le même poids et sur la même place.\n\nLa petite hausse signalée au 1<sup>er</sup> avril sur les riz, paddys, noix d'arec, bétel, thé, sel, bambous, briques et paillottes, dans les marchés, s'est maintenue sans augmentation; il y a eu même tendance à la baisse sur les riz, paddys, noix d'arec et bétel. Cette dernière plante, qu'on avait dû couper ras de terre dans quelques endroits, notamment dans la province de Ninh-Binh où elle avait été très éprouvée par les brouillards de l'hiver, qui lui avaient fait perdre ses feuilles, repousse maintenant avec vigueur et ne tardera pas à montrer ses feuilles si en usage chez les Annamites, avec la noix d'arec, comme luxe ou dans les cérémonies.\n\nLes soins incessants que les Annamites donnent à leurs cultures diverses, les réparations qu'ils font à leurs paillottes pour le passage de la saison chaude et des pluies, ainsi qu'aux digues et aux chemins pour résister à l'inondation périodique annuelle, le curage des fossés, la diminution du stock des récoltes de l'année passée, sont, en ce moment, autant de causes principales qui rendent à peu près nulle la navigation commerciale des jonques du pays sur les fleuves et arroyos de certaines parties des provinces de Bac-Ninh, Son-Tay et Hanoi; mais ces centres ainsi que les provinces de Ninh-Binh, Nam-Dinh, Hai-Dzuong et Hai-Phong possèdent une certaine animation fluviale née de la reprise en avril de l'exportation des riz vers Hong-Kong.\n\nLe port de Hai-Phong toutefois conserve son animation maritime ordinaire, grâce aux entrées de navires de commerce chargés de divers approvisionnements. Les magasins des négociants de cette ville sont actuellement bien approvisionnés de marchandises européennes, qui ...\n\n## INDICATION \n### DÉSIGNATION DES PRODUITS \n| Produits | Poids, Mesures | BAC-NH | HAI ĐƯỜNG | HAIPHONG | HANOI | NAMDINH | BỆNH BINH | SON-TAY |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Paddy, 1 qualité | Picul de 61 k, 280 | 1.66 | 1.88 | 2.88 | le hoc | 2 |  |  |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 1.28 | le hoc | 2.56 | le hoc |  |  |  |\n| Nep (riz), 1 qualité | Dito. | 5.07 | 4.42 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 4.42 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Riz, 1 qualité | Dito. | 8.90 | 7.68 | 9.10 |  |  |  |  |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 7.88 | 6.82 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 3 qualité | Dito. | 7.68 | 6.40 | 8.01 | 8.12 | 6.30 |  |  |\n| Haricots verts | Dito. | 6.40 | 5.44 | 6.67 | 7.47 | 5.95 |  |  |\n| blancs | Dito. | 5.12 | 5.12 | 5.78 | 6.50 | 5.60 |  |  |\n| Maïs | Dito. | 15.36 | 22.40 | 22.25 | 26 | 12.60 |  |  |\n| Sésame | Dito. | 9.60 | 19.20 | 15.57 | 23 | 11.90 |  |  |\n| égrené | Dito. | 2.56 | 1.09 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Laque | Dito. | 38.40 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Ecorce à papier | Dito. |  | 0.77 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Vermicelle chinois | 7 les 10 liv. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Sucre | Champignons secs | 4.75 | 4.25 | 11.50 | 10.50 | 9 |  |  |\n| Thé chinois | Dito. |  | 9.50 | 17 | 9 | 6.50 |  |  |\n| Andigo en poudre | Dito. |  |  |  | 14.5 |  |  |  |\n| Poisson salé | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Peaux de bœuf | la livr. | 0.32 | 0.65r-n n w |  |  |  |  |  |\n| de buffles | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Viande de porc | Picul | 3.20 | 1.15 | 1.82 |  |  |  |  |\n| Briques | Le mille | 3.20 | 3.20 |  | 2 | 8.40 |  |  |\n| Tuiles | Dito. | 16 | 7.68 |  | 15.40 |  |  |  |\n| arrezax | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Paillettes | Dito. | 32 |  | 28 | 21.45 | 28 |  |  |\n| Bambous grands | Le cent | 64 | 97.50 | 56 |  |  |  |  |\n| ordinaires | Dito. | 38.40 | 6.50 | 5.60 | 56 |  |  |  |\n| lamettes | La caisse | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| ANCHE CO |  | 19.50 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 140 | 100 | 48 | 45.50 | 103 |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  | 33 | 75 | 105 | 92 |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 69 | 35 | 4.50 | 2 f. les 10 li |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 0.45 | la litre |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 9.75 | 0.35 le litre |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 11 fr.la livre |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 8.50 | 93.50 | 8.50 l'une |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 8.50 l'une | 0.60 la livre |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 0.35 la livre |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 0.40 la livre |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 35 | 78 | 84 | 2.45 le cent |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  | 14 la cent | 4 fr. le cent |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  | 1.30 | 14 fr, le picul |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.20 | $ 60 |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 14.30 | 20 | 46 | 22.65 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 15 | 50 | 25 | 25 |\n| Or en feuilles | Le taël de 38 gr. |  |  |  | 180 |  |  |  |\n|  | les 100 feuilles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Maitre | Pical | 160 | 224 |  | 140 |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | $1.20 |  | 21 |  | 45.50 | គន | S |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 138 | 69 |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 10 |  |  |  |\n| Cuivre de fer | Dito. | 17.50 | 19 |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Plomb en lingots 1 qualité | Dito. | 51.20 |  | 0.61 le lingot | 14 |  |  |  |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 44.80 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 3 qualité | Dito. | 38.40 |  |  | 21 fr. la diz. |  |  |  |\n| Dacre 1 qualité | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| 2 qualité, jame laque | Dito. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 0.77 |  | 247 | 69 |  |  |  |\n|  | les 250 gr. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 384 | 320 |  | 315 | 260 | 1 | 2.50 la livre |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 0.180 |  |  |  |\n| Huile de ricin, 1 qualité | Prtie de Chine | 16 | 2.56 la douz. | 17.50 | 13 |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. |  |  |  | 22 f. le cent |  |  |  |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 57.60 | 58 la livre | 44.50 | 62.40 | 44.80 | 32.50 | 10 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 31.50 | 8 a |  | 5 |\n|  | Dito. |  |  |  | 2 |  |  |  |\n| Bétel | Dito. | 76.80 |  | 0.06 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | les 100 feuilles |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Coton non égrené | Picul | 64 |  |  | 31.15 | 71.20 |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 51.20 | 9.60 | 64 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 28.80 | 0.64 |  | 22.40 | 26 | 72.80 | 104 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 21 | 0.05 | les 100 feuilles |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 56 | 49 | 39 | 771.50 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 1 fr. la livr. |  |  |  |\n| Huoc-mam (saumure de p.) | Dito. | 12.80 | 14.48 |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Alcool de riz 1 qualité | Dito. | 2.24 le pot | 0.51 | 17.80 | 8.40 | 35 | 45.50 | 32.50 |\n| 2 qualité | Dito. | 1.92 le pot | 0.45 | 28 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 9.60 la livre | 10.20 la livre |  | 9.80 le livre | 97.50 | 26.60 |  |\n|  | Dito. | 32 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 28.80 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Viande de bœuf | Dito. | 25.60 |  | 38.76 |  |  |  |  |\n| de buffle | Dito. | 25.60 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Teuts | L'un. | 76.80 |  | 44.50 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | en moyenno |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n| Pouides, Rais | Dito. | 76.80 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | La douzaine | 0.35 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | Picul | 3.20 | 1.15 | 1.82 |  |  |  |  |\n| Tuttes | Le millle | 3.20 | 3.20 |  | 2 | 8.40 |  |  |\n|  | Dito. | 16 | 7.68 |  | 15.40 |  |  |  |\n| Paillettes | Dito. | 32 |  | 28 | 21.45 | 28 |  |  |\n| Bambous grands | Le cent | 64 | 97.50 | 56 |  |  |  |  |\n| ordinaires | Dito. | 38.40 | 6.50 | 5.60 | 56 |  |  |  |\n| lamettes | La caisse | 5 |  |  |  |  |  |  | \n## Dix-septième année. -- N⚫ 215",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 208,
        "title": "CO129-229 - Acting Governor Marsh & Public Offices - 1886 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "and sent\n\nsay\n\nwhether\n\nSeveral Fang at in-feng, Asien, where he is at present patrolling, back by him to Kowloon for decapitation;\n\nIt is so far impossible to say the General had received special orders in the case from\n\nfrom the Viceroy, but there was ample time for the latter to have delayed the execution pending inquiry into the circumstances of the arrest, had he chosen to do so.\n\nFang is an officer of great energy, who, by his\n\nvigour,\n\nhas brought into\n\nsubjection and kept in tolerable order the turbulent inhabitants of the eastern\n\nportions of Kwang tung\n\nwhich come\n\nonly nominally\n\nunder\n\nthe control of the Authorities and he holds\n\nspecial power of life and death, secretly executing after they\n\nreporting occurred.\n\nHave\n\nCopy\n\n4°167\n\nHour:\n\n206\n\nN. B. M. Erant, Canton, Constru. Actg: Col: Secy\n\nSir\n\nH.B.M's Consulate.\n\nCanton, November 11th 1886.\n\nI have the honour to enclose\n\nfor the information of the Acting Governor, copy of\n\nthe\n\nreport by the Military Commandant at Kowloon!\n\nof the execution\n\nof\n\nAh Fung.\n\nFrom this document it\n\nappears the\n\norder\n\nwas\n\nexecuted under\n\nGeneral Fang who holds\n\nspecial permission to put down disaffection in the\n\neastern portion of the Province,\n\nand is\n\ninvested with power\n\nof life\n\nand death\n\nfor\n\nThe purpose\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary\n\nPage 1\n\n...\n\n...\n\nPage 1\n\n(No further text is available in the given snippet, the above is the proofread text)\n\nPage 363\n\n...\n\nPage 363\n\nHowever, to follow the exact format requested, here is the revised output in HTML:\n\nand sent\n\nsay\n\nwhether\n\nSeveral Fang at in-feng, Asien, where he is at present patrolling, back by him to Kowloon for decapitation;\n\nIt is so far impossible to say the General had received special orders in the case from\n\nfrom the Viceroy, but there was ample time for the latter to have delayed the execution pending inquiry into the circumstances of the arrest, had he chosen to do so.\n\nFang is an officer of great energy, who, by his\n\nvigour,\n\nhas brought into\n\nsubjection and kept in tolerable order the turbulent inhabitants of the eastern\n\nportions of Kwang tung\n\nwhich come\n\nonly nominally\n\nunder\n\nthe control of the Authorities and he holds\n\nspecial power of life and death, secretly executing after they\n\nreporting occurred.\n\nHave\n\nCopy\n\n4°167\n\nHour:\n\n206\n\nN. B. M. Erant, Canton, Constru. Actg: Col: Secy\n\nSir\n\nH.B.M's Consulate.\n\nCanton, November 11th 1886.\n\nI have the honour to enclose\n\nfor the information of the Acting Governor, copy of\n\nthe\n\nreport by the Military Commandant at Kowloon!\n\nof the execution\n\nof\n\nAh Fung.\n\nFrom this document it\n\nappears the\n\norder\n\nwas\n\nexecuted under\n\nGeneral Fang who holds\n\nspecial permission to put down disaffection in the\n\neastern portion of the Province,\n\nand is\n\ninvested with power\n\nof life\n\nand death\n\nfor\n\nThe purpose\n\nThe Acting Colonial Secretary\n\nPage 1\n\nPage 1\n\nPage 363\n\nPage 363",
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    {
        "id": 355784,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "page_number": 61,
        "title": "CO129-265 - Public Offices & Others - 1894",
        "content_text": "## \nAlways having his pass with him, Khan Beg went to Peshawar and effected the sale of a rifle. Then returning to Rawalpindi, he came on to Kohat, sold the rifle recovered with Diyal Singh's pass and returned to Rawalpindi. A second time venturing to Kohat he was arrested. The rifle lodged in the lines of the 20th Punjab Infantry has been recovered, together with the three referred to above.\n\nThere appear to be several points worthy of attention in the case of which the above is an outline:-\n\n(1) The ease with which sepoys obtain passes from Military Officers to carry arms. Officers of the Indian Army grant passes in a lavish way. Usually, no attempt being made to specify the weapon, an enterprising man has Khan Beg's method open to him, with a fair chance of success.\n\n(2) A trade, the existence of which Khan Beg admits, in rifles between Hong-Kong and this country.\n\nApart from this case, Khan Beg has given the names of fellow-gunners who have brought arms into the Hazara district. The District Superintendent of Police, Hazara, is satisfied of the truth of this, but has failed to obtain the return of any rifles.\n\n(3) The very slight risk run in transporting rifles, provided there is no attempt at concealment.\n\nKhan Beg in his many journeys was rarely questioned, and never in the Punjab. The Sergeant sent from Kohat in returning with the rifle recovered in Mean Meer, though in plain clothes, was never spoken to.\n\n(4) The probability that the export of arms from Hong-Kong is not restricted to the \"Asiatic Artillery,\" but shared in by the Infantry and Police.\n\n(5) The necessity of a closer watch on the movements of sepoys, especially when travelling with boxes nearly four feet long, as was that of Khan Beg.\n\n(6) The help afforded by regimental sepoys in the secretion of arms.\n\nMen of at least three regiments (11th Bengal Lancers, 20th and 33rd Punjab Infantry) gave Khan Beg all the assistance they could. Commanding Officers of the 11th Bengal Lancers and 20th Punjab Infantry are taking regimental action in this case.\n\nIt only remains to describe the recovered rifles. They were made in Liege (Belgium) and Steyr (Austria), and one by J. Hollis & Sons, London and Birmingham. District Superintendent of Police at first thought the continental weapons might be of the \"condemned barrel type\" referred to by Mr. Hastings, but such officers and armourers as have seen them pronounce them first-class weapons. They were probably brought from W. G. Humphreys & Co., or Tang Hing, carpenter, 180, Queen's Road, West, Hong-Kong, for with both of these firms Khan Beg has evidently had dealings.\n\nKhan Beg has been convicted under sections 19, 20, and 22 of Act XI of 1873, and sentenced to two years' rigorous imprisonment: the rifles and box in which they were brought over have been confiscated.\n\nThe 29th November 1893.\n\n**H. A. CLOSE,**\nOfg. District Superintendent of Police, Kohat.\n\n## \nproduce no authority entitling him to purchase and carry ammunition. He was travelling in company with about 80 other sepoys. He was fined by the Cantonment Magistrate Rs. 10 and the ammunition was forfeited.\n\nSepoy No. 705, Muhammad Ali, son of Sayad Ali Pathan, resident of Garhi, Thana Mardan, Peshawar, was arrested at the Rawalpindi Railway Station on the 23rd April 1894, under Section 20 of the Arms Act, for being in possession of six-chambered revolver and 100 cartridges not covered by any license or letter. He was sentenced by the Cantonment Magistrate to a fine of Rs. 30 or in default to three months' rigorous imprisonment, and forfeiture of the revolver and cartridges.\n\nSepoy No. 836, Nakib-ullah, son of Fakir, Pathan, resident of Shamatkor, Thana Mardan, Peshawar, was arrested at the Rawalpindi Railway Station on the 23rd April 1894, under Section 20 of the Arms Act, with the above-named Sepoy, being also in possession of a six-chambered revolver, with 200 cartridges, not covered by license or certificate. He was sentenced by the Cantonment Magistrate to a fine of Rs. 30 or in default to three months' rigorous imprisonment, and forfeiture of revolver and cartridges.\n\nSepoy Khanzada, son of Ajib Gul, Kamazai Khel, resident of Wata in Swat, was detected by the patrolling constable between Lala Musa and Rawalpindi to be in possession of one six-chambered revolver, 100 revolver cartridges, eight blank and one loaded snider cartridges, as well as two boxes of percussion caps. He was arrested at the Rawalpindi Railway Station on the 26th April 1894, and sentenced by the Cantonment Magistrate to a fine of Rs. 30 and forfeiture of the revolver and ammunition. This man had a letter from his Commanding Officer, permitting him to carry a rifle and 100 cartridges, which were taken from him by the Calcutta Police.\n\nSubadar-Major Hassan Ali Khan, son of Fazal Khan, Khatak, of Jabbi Madauri, Kohat, of the 16th Hong-Kong Regiment, alighted from 3 Up Mail at Khairabad on the 26th of April 1894. He was in possession of a double-barrel gun, a Henry-Martini rifle, a cavalry carbine, a pistol and 500 cartridges. As all these were covered by a letter from his Commanding Officer, he was not interfered with.\n\n## Enclosure No. 2.\n\n**Report from the Punjab Police.**\n\n**ILLICIT TRAFFIC IN ARMS, &c.**\n\nOn the 19th April, a telegram was received from the Commissioner of Police, Calcutta, intimating that 150 sepoys from Hong-Kong had that day left Calcutta for their homes in the Punjab, and that they were suspected by their Commandant to be in possession of contraband fire-arms. All Station Masters and Railway Police, Peshawar to Delhi, on the North Western Railway were put on the alert by wire, and Inspectors, Railway Police, were ordered to see that strict vigilance was maintained. The following is the result:-\n\n| Sepoy No. | Name | Resident of | Arrested at | Offense |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 259 | Amir Shah | village Jallo, Thara Mansehra, Huzara | Ambala Cantonment Railway Station | Illegal possession of two boxes Enfield gun-caps and two boxes military percussion caps |\n| 705 | Muhammad Ali | Garhi, Thana Mardan, Peshawar | Rawalpindi Railway Station | Possession of six-chambered revolver and 100 cartridges without license |\n| 836 | Nakib-ullah | Shamatkor, Thana Mardan, Peshawar | Rawalpindi Railway Station | Possession of six-chambered revolver and 200 cartridges without license |\n| - | Khanzada | Wata in Swat | Rawalpindi Railway Station | Possession of six-chambered revolver, cartridges, and percussion caps |\n \nSepoy No. 259, Amir Shah, son of Muazzam Shah, resident of village Jallo, Thara Mansehra, Huzara, was arrested at Ambala Cantonment Railway Station on the 23rd of April 1894, under Section 19 of the Arms Act, for illegal possession of two boxes Enfield gun-caps, English manufacture, and two boxes military percussion caps made in Germany for the Hong Kong market. The sepoys stated that he had bought the caps in Hong-Kong, but could... \n\nPage 58",
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    {
        "id": 359038,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "page_number": 444,
        "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]",
        "content_text": "that the deficit is largely due to the action of his countrymen in ousting the islanders from their fisheries. The chief products of Quelpart are, as he observes, ponies, oxen, hides, edible seaweed, awabé, and medicines, particularly a drug called the \"Nu Pak.\" There is no export except to the Corean mainland, the greater part of the hides going to the shoemakers of Seoul. The natives in winter wear, he notes, not only skin coats and hats, but boots and even stockings of skins. Quelpart also produces oranges, and these and its diminutive ponies form its \"local tribute\" to the King. It is said that the arrival of the first consignment of the golden fruit at Seoul, five centuries ago, created such a stir, that the magnates decided to celebrate the occasion in an eminently characteristic way, and hold a quagga (\"Koa-kê\"), or examination. Ever since that day a quagga has taken place at Seoul on the day of the 11th moon, upon which the tribute oranges reach the city.\n\nWhere export trade is so slack, imports are necessarily few. A native broker consulted by the pressmen stated that of the consignment of kerosene he had imported from Fusan he had in three years sold but a hundred tins or so, despite the fact that there are two or three merchants of standing at the city. The population of Chei-ju is set down at 2,000 families; that of the whole island at some 7,000 or 8,000, but these are only approximations.\n\nWe left Chei-ju at noon, and steered due north for the Ping-yang inlet and Chennampo. We arrived off the Sir James Hall group at nightfall of the 23rd, and lay to for a short time, making the mouth of the Ta-dong about 7:30 A.M. on the 24th. At Oripo, which we passed at some distance, were lying one Japanese steamer and the Japanese commissariat steam-launch I had noticed on my previous visit.\n\nWe dropped anchor at Chennampo at 10 o'clock, where we found a transport, the \"Hinode,\" engaged in taking on board the rails which had formed the tramway between that port and Ping-yang. I learnt that the rails, which are of the ordinary portable pattern, were to be shipped to Formosa, and I observed, when I came to land, that they had been taken up as far south as the barracks in the village. The rest of the line from the wooden jetty to the barracks and the creek-head was still in position, and I hope will, with the embankment on which it rests, be permitted to remain for the common benefit of the coming community.\n\nI happened to mention in the hearing of the ship's local agent that I proposed to go ashore. On this he observed that he feared I should be stopped. I naturally asked, by whom? He replied, by the Japanese sentry at the jetty. I might, however, ask for a permit from the Commandant, Major Kaizu. I could not well do that, I answered, as I did not recognize Major Kaizu's right to interfere with my movements on Corean territory. It would be as well, indeed, if the agent were to see that I was not stopped.\n\nIn the afternoon I went on shore, but was in no way interfered with; though, as some justification of the agent's anxiety, there stood at the jetty-head a sentry box and sentry, with a notice, dated the 20th July last, \"Henceforward, landing is prohibited without the permission of the Garrison Commandant.\" I called on Major Kaizu, of whose courtesy and geniality I had heard much from Mr. Osborne, but to my regret found him too ill to receive me.\n\nAll the commissariat stores I had on my earlier visit observed on the reclaimed ground by the jetty had disappeared, and I learnt that the \"Ilyenik\" was to take away some 12,000 bags of rice and over 1,000 boxes of shrimps, which had been disposed of by auction to private Japanese. The store stacks in the village were also greatly diminished, and the very shops (walls, roofs, and all) of most of the local Japanese traders had disappeared. I was told that all their fellows of Ping-yang had come away, fearing trouble after the withdrawal of the garrison, and that those at Oripo and Chennam would shortly follow.\n\nI took the opportunity to make a more extended observation of the surrounding country than had been possible at my earlier visit. The creek, I noticed, was largely availed of despite its narrowness, and the fact that it runs dry at low water. A sloping stone roadway had been constructed at its head, to which the rails of the tramway still lead. On the hill to the north-east the wooden penthouse between the two old trees and the careful terracing were, the natives told me, the work of the Japanese, who had dubbed the place \"Kyoku Oka\" (Sunrise Mount), and had so ticketed it by means of a great wooden slab. To the north of this hill, running up towards the west, is a valley filled with paddy-fields. Along the dyke that divides these from the mudflats runs the yard-wide high road to Ping-yang, occupied until now by the tramway. Beside the road stand eight well-carved stone pillars commemorating the virtues of departed Prefects and Governors, with the usual four-syllabled couplet, into which the Corean condenses his opinion of his officials, good or bad. Behind and beyond the valley lie a succession of hills and dales, the former covered with what is so seldom seen here, veritable copse and spinney.\n\nThe harvest this year promises to be a fine one, whether of rice or of dry-field cereals. The country, at any rate, in August, is undeniably lovely, and the abundance of trees gives it a more home-like appearance. I returned towards the ship by way of the hill at whose foot stands the jetty. This hill, as I have ventured to suggest in my earlier Report, should be included in the future general foreign Settlement, and it would be advisable, I would submit, to come to some understanding as to the protection, as far as possible, of the trees that form its chief beauty. The extreme southern portion of the ridge, as marked off by a path leading to a Japanese sanatorium on its western slope, might be in the first instance quarried for filling in material, and, finally, made over to the Customs. The first portion of the foreshore to be filled in will no doubt be that lying between the tramway embankment, the main creek, and a minor creek running at right angles into the latter some 300 yards above the jetty. Ultimately, the whole foreshore west of the main creek will be reclaimed.\n\nCargo stowing continued throughout the 24th and 25th, and I had a good opportunity of observing the tides. We lay about 150 yards abreast of the jetty, with two anchors down, and banging to our sides were at one time as many as seven lighters. The ebb was very strong, some 5 knots or more at its worst, and one of our anchors \"came home.\" Both, however, held, and we shipped our cargo. Flood tide was quite another matter. For the whole six hours it seemed slack water, the flood rising from the bottom. During flood, indeed, the anchorage abreast of the jetty is an excellent one; for the ebb an equally good anchorage could be found on the other, the southern, side of the river.\n\nWe left Chennampo at 6 A.M. on the 26th, stopping off Oripo to receive and deliver mails. We were boarded there by a Japanese pratique boat, with a medical military officer in command. He did not, however, that I heard of, claim or exercise any authority in respect to us, though there is no doubt that the Japanese commanderies on the Ta-tong, as at Wênsan and to some extent Fusan, have undertaken the enforcement of Quarantine Regulations. There was no time in any case for me to have visited Oripo, which, as seen from the ship, presented much the same appearance as in June, except that the little harbour was now almost empty. We know, from advertisements in the local papers, that the stores here are being sold off, and it is probable that the extensive wooden sheds will shortly also disappear.\n\nThe \"Hyenik\" arrived at Chemulpo on the morning of the 27th.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nW. H. WILKINSON.\n\n## Page 440",
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    {
        "id": 369425,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "page_number": 13,
        "title": "CO129-288 - Public Offices & Others - 1898",
        "content_text": "## THE DEFENCE\n\nJag 6 ... aren were ablaze. The Lan On blazed amongst them furiously for about a quarter of an hour, when she blew up with a loud report, the falling timbers setting fire to some of the water-side houses, here built over the water on piles. Mengens reached the Station, but finding the wires had been cut, and seeing a large troop-boat full of men being towed round the point from Deep Water Bay, fired the Station and escaped by the back through the bush the Mount Gough Road.\n\nShots were now heard at the eastern end of the bay, and scouts were making up the hills, firing under the same disadvantages as those at the western. It appeared that about midnight, Constable Lamont, and two Indian Constables from Stanley being on patrol, had arrived at the eastern limit of the Stanley District, the crest of the hill at the eastern end of Deep Water Bay, where to their astonishment they discovered large vessels at anchor. Whilst speculating as to what it could mean they heard shots at the Western end of the Bay, and then the glare of the search lights.\n\nFindlay, the two Indians and the two Chinese, armed with Sniders, proceeded towards Deep Water Bay, where shots were still being exchanged. Hazeland, with McNab and the two other Indians, had gone by road to Deep Water Bay. On arriving at the ridge overlooking the Bay they made out the three vessels, and lights showed the bay alive with boats. Lamont at once grasped the situation and rushing down with his two men, from the bushes, within 30 yards of the landing crowds, they fired twice into them, before their skirmishers ran for their cover. Eutant, an old poucher, however, made his escape, and, ably seconded by the two Indians, Fatty Dad and Hirpaul Singh, continued firing at the exposed landing party till their ten rounds of ammunition were expended. Hirpaul Singh then returned to Stanley, and the others made their way up to Wongneichong Gap, whilst the transports were searching the empty bushes of the golf links with grape from their bow and stern guns over the heads of the men landing.\n\nHazeland, who took his rifle, was shortly afterwards hit in the ankle, and had to be left where he lay close to the road, where his body was afterwards found bayoneted by the enemy. Even if he had worn a uniform it is doubtful if his fate would have been otherwise, for the enemy were doubtless exasperated at the execution done.\n\nActing Sergeant Lall Singh was shot (the first man to be killed at the fall of Hong Kong). This man had been one of the Jubilee contingent sent to London.\n\nThree ... The first wire from Aberdeen 'large ships showing no lights gone into Deep Water Bay,' was received at the Central Police Station in Victoria at 10.55 p.m. Hannah, Inspector on duty, at once roused Acting Deputy Superintendent Mackie, who promptly despatched messengers to Colonel Rordon, commanding the West Borks at Murray Barracks, the Commodore, Colonel Tristful (of the Hongkong Regiment) at Kowloon, and Capt. Limmonds R.A., at the McGregor Barracks. Telephonic messages were sent to the Gap and Mount Gough Police Stations, directing that H. E. the Governor, Sir W. Jones, Major-General Bilsoue White, the Captain Superintendent of Police, Major Sir John Harrington (Commandant of the Volunteers), Colonel Yardhill, C.R.E., Colonel Melformian, D.A.A.G, (the Laird of Lamlash), and all the Military Officers at the Peak should be called, also the party of Engineers making the alterations in the Mount Austin Barracks, after which the outlying soldier officers, and all British householders to be roused. Every available man to be turned out forthwith to carry out these orders.\n\nFrom Murray Barracks to Wongnoichong Gap is four miles, as you know the last two a very steep pull up from the village; but Rordon and the 192 men he had with him reached the crest as the clock-tower in Victoria proclaimed midnight. Breathing his men, who arrived streaming with perspiration, for a few minutes in the Gap, he sent Barry Brew's company down by the short cut through the jungle to hold the eastern side, whilst with Brice's company he went down to bar the road and western side. Messengers and telephonic despatches (till communication ceased) were sent to all Volunteers in Victoria, Kowloon and at the Hung Hom Docks. A mounted Sikh was sent to rouse the British at Quarry Bay. Notices were sent to the three British Clubs. Mr Riley, the tramway engineer, was directed to hold the line at the disposal of the Military, at the same time two European Constables were sent to the hut above Bowen Road to guard the pointsmen if necessary, or shoot him if he proved treacherous.\n\nMackie also rang-up the Engineer and Artillery messes (repeating the Aberdeen message), and all Police Stations in the City, giving orders to call Major Hills of the West Borks and all soldier officers at East and West Points. Communication with Shaukiwan was found to have ceased, so a Police pinnace was despatched to that village, ordering Inspector Hall to acquaint Captain Furney, R. A., at Lyemun barracks. A pinnace was also sent to warn Lt. Huzzard, R. A., at Stonecutters Island.\n\nHardly had Brew's company disappeared in the trees when the shots fired by McNab and his men at the beach were heard. Thanking God he was in time, Rordon was doubling down the road when the reports of Lamont's fire and the replies they drew were heard also, after which the search lights exposing the men on the road, the Sumtoff began firing shell from the fore-castle gun at the road, killing two men at the third round. Rordon at once sent the right half company into the bush above the road and made the others lie down behind the curve just beyond the third bridge, where they were sheltered by a spur from the fire of the transports.\n\nIn ten minutes the Assembly was sounding in every Barrack in Victoria and signal rockets were being fired from Scandal Point to warn the Hongkong Regiment and the ...",
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    {
        "id": 374493,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899",
        "page_number": 566,
        "title": "CO129-295 - Public Offices - 1899",
        "content_text": "562\n\n8\n\nInclosure in No. 5.\n\nExtracts from Canton Intelligence Report for June Quarter.\n\n(Separate and Confidential.)\n\nPolitical Summary: False Reports.\n\nIT was hardly to be expected that the occurrences attendant upon the taking over of the new territory should not have given rise to a number of exaggerated rumours here, and such has, indeed, been the case.\n\nAt one time it was reported that the foreign troops were going to march overland to Canton to take the city, which was to be shelled from batteries constructed upon the White Cloud Hills, distant about 7 miles from the city walls. As a counterblast to this, during the time when the fighting was going on in Kowloon, leaflets, the composition of which betrayed their very low origin, giving particulars of the severe losses inflicted upon the British forces, were hawked about the city, and stories were circulated as to how the slain were removed from the battle-field at night and conveyed hastily to Hong Kong, where the gas and electric light were extinguished, so that they might be hurried to their graves under cover of darkness. Stories of this kind are readily believed by an ignorant and badly-informed population.\n\nNor is this ready credence of unsifted statements confined to the people alone. A despatch, as received from the Viceroy, embodying a report from the San On Magistrate, based upon a Petition from the Shamchun gentry, complaining of the conduct of the British troops quartered in that neighbourhood. They were accused of robbery, molestation of women, forcing the natives to labour, and ill-treating them in case of non-compliance, compelling them to sell at reduced prices, and forcibly entering their houses. In his despatch, the Viceroy indorsed these accusations by adding his own unfavourable comments, and requests that the despatch should be communicated to the Governor of Hong Kong. This was done, and in due course a reply was received, covering a communication from the Commander-in-chief, for transmission to the Viceroy; herein it was shown that the charges preferred were a tissue of falsehoods. The greatest cordiality had existed between the troops and the natives, who had not been molested in the slightest degree, and the expedition had been more like a pleasure excursion than the advance of an army of occupation. To this the Viceroy made no further reply; and the next time the San On Magistrate sent in a report on similar lines he received a rather sharp reprimand from the Viceroy, and was told that he should satisfy himself as to the truth of such charges by visiting the places incognito, instead of merely accepting them on the strength of the Petitions in which they were made. He was also told that persons who considered that they had a grievance, could have access to the British military authorities to state their case.\n\nAttitude of the Authorities towards the recent Disturbances.\n\nIt is, of course, impossible to tell how far the Chinese authorities may have been cognizant of, or in sympathy with, the disturbances incident upon the hoisting of the British flag in the new territory, but it seems only fair to state all indications seem to point to the fact that the Viceroy had no foreknowledge of what was in contemplation. True it is that the teeth of the insurrectionary movement might have been drawn if he had energetically adopted the proposal, made some time beforehand by the Governor of Hong Kong, advocating the complete disarmament of the inhabitants of the new territory. This proposal, however, he saw fit to ignore completely.\n\nOccupation of Shamchun and Kowloon: Attitude of San On Magistrate.\n\nWhen reporting upon the occupation of Shamchun and Kowloon, the San On Magistrate called the Viceroy's attention to the fact that some of the foreign troops were stationed at a distance of only 20 li from the district city, and stated that he had called out the militia and made ready munitions of war for its defence. He asked for a reinforcement of 200 or 300 regular troops for garrison duty.\n\n9\n\nNew Territory at Kowloon.\n\nKowloon Commandant to Viceroy.\n\nThe Kowloon delimitation has proved a source of repeated difficulties. Your Excellency having fortunately procured a capable official to conduct the delimitation, it passed off without trouble. I am not the only one who is personally pleased at this. Unfortunately, the British have been throughout in too much of a hurry with regard to this settlement extension, and the suspicions of the people have been roused. For instance, there have been lately a large number of people surveying in the neighbourhood of Kowloon, and I, fearing that some trouble might be occasioned by the action of the ignorant populace, have instructed my subordinates to send troops to take all precautions against disturbance. But a large portion of my jurisdiction borders on the sea, and, although I have a steam-launch under my orders, it has been a long time out of repair, and so steps should be taken to have it put in order. But as I may be at any moment placed in a quandary by some unforeseen emergency, I beg that a launch may be temporarily placed at my disposal, so that the public interests may not suffer. As soon as the territorial questions are settled, the launch can be withdrawn.\n\nReply of the Viceroy.\n\nA launch will be detailed for temporary service, and it will be withdrawn as soon as matters are settled. There is, at present, a sufficient force in the district to maintain order. I have recently received a despatch from the British Consul, fixing the 17th April as the day for taking over the territory. Deputy Wang will again have to proceed, and the local officials, civil and military, will exhort the people, as enjoined in my Proclamation, and co-operate in the maintenance of order and the prevention of disturbance.\n\nApril 9, 1899,\n\nKowloon Disturbances.\n\nViceroy's Instructions to Weiyuans (Deputies).\n\nI am informed that, after the delimitation of the Kowloon boundary, an affray arose between natives and British troops at Ta Pu Hsu. I therefore require the following particulars to be thoroughly ascertained and reported for my information:-\n\nWhat were the actual occurrences at Kowloon? Whether the aggressors were people living within the boundary or people from the other side? Whether in the course of the daily occurring affrays there were any casualties? Whether the assailants have by this time been dispersed? Whether the Kowloon Customs stations are levying duties as usual? What is the amount of revenue collected by the Customs since the 16th instant?\n\nFor this purpose I hereby instruct Prefect Fu Shun to make his preparations at an early date and proceed to Kowloon. I also direct Magistrate Chang Yun-wu to proceed to San On and Ta Pu Hsu to institute secret and careful inquiries and send in truthful reports from time to time. Let there be no carelessness or misleading statements, or blame will be incurred. These are urgent instructions.\n\nApril 20, 1899.\n\nInstructions to the San-On Magistrate.\n\nWhereas in connection with the Kowloon extension a joint Proclamation has been issued for general information, and two detachments of troops have been sent to preserve order, I now hear that on the 16th instant about 1,000 natives came into collision with British troops at Ta Pu Hsu.\n\n[2178 b-5]",
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        "id": 391120,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 81,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government)\n\n2\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1\n\nJoint Note addressed by the Diplomatic Body to Prince Ching.\n\nMonseigneur,\n\nPékin, le 9 Février, 1903. LA Chambre de Commerce de Shanghai a récemment attiré l'attention du Corps Diplomatique sur l'état dans lequel se trouve actuellement la barre extérieure du Wang Pu.\n\nL'ensablement oblige les navires de forme étrangère à effectuer leurs opérations de chargement et de déchargement en dehors de Woosung: il en résulte des difficultés et des délais considérables, ainsi que des dépenses additionnelles très lourdes pour les armateurs et affréteurs. La situation présente du chenal est même si mauvaise qu'on peut craindre qu'il devienne absolument impossible aux navires à destination de Shanghaï d'entrer en rivière.\n\nDans ces conditions, nous croyons devoir attirer à nouveau la sérieuse attention de votre Altesse sur les conséquences que pourraient entraîner de plus longs retards mis à la constitution de la Commission du Wang Pu, telle qu'elle est prévue par l'Annexe 17 du Protocole Final du 7 Septembre, 1901.\n\nNous avons l'honneur, en conséquence, de la prier très instamment d'intervenir auprès du Gouvernement Impérial pour que le Vice-Roi de Nankin reçoive pour instructions de désigner sans désemparer le fonctionnaire qui devra représenter la Chine dans la Commission du Wang Pu.\n\nVu et approuvé.\n\nVeuillez, &c.\n\n(Signé)\n\nWALTER TOWNLEY. JOOSTENS.\n\nE. H. CONGER.\n\nW. J. OUDENDYK.\n\nP. ROUDANOVSKY.\n\nCARCER.\n\nK. MATSUI.\n\nVON DER GOLTZ.\n\nG. DUBAIL.\n\nv. ROSTHORN.\n\nG. GALLINA.\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nSOUTH-WEST CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n77\n\n[March 30.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nConsul Little to the Marquess of Lansdowne.-(Received March 30.) (No. 4.) My Lord,\n\nPakhoi, February 23, 1903, IN accordance with the request of His Majesty's Consul-General at Canton, I have the honour to forward herewith copy of two Reports which I recently sent to His Majesty's Minister at Peking.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nPolitical\n\n(Signed) H. A. LITTLE.\n\nInclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\nIntelligence Report for December Quarter, 1902.\n\nState of the country Smuggling of arms.. Missionaries\n\nActivity of French Chinese Postal Service Commercial-\n\nOpium tax..\n\nDecrease of trade\n\nArmy and Navy\n\nMovements of officials..\n\nINDEX.\n\nSir,\n\nMr. Goodnow to Mr. Conger.\n\nShanghae, January 26, 1903.\n\nI AM instructed by my colleagues to notify you that the Acting Consul-General for Sweden and Norway has notified us that his nation is entitled to a seat on the Whangpoo Conservancy Board under paragraph (h) of section 4 of the Peace Protocol.\n\nIn this matter I am further instructed to say that the Board is still unorganized, although sixteen months have elapsed since the signing of the Protocol. This is due to the fact that the Representative of the Chinese Government has not been appointed. As the Whangpoo River is constantly silting up, and the work of harbour improvement becomes greater and more expensive the longer it is delayed, we venture to hope that the Diplomatic Body will do all that seems to it fit towards inducing the Chinese Government to make its appointment without further delay.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nJ. GOODNOW.\n\nThere has of late been some increase of lawlessness in the surrounding country, but Political.\n\nit does not appear to be of a serious character, and is probably nothing more than what State of the usually happens on the approach of the China new year, which is, so to speak, the country.\n\nseason \" for robbers and thieves. Beyond a few cases of gang robbery here and at Lienchow, and an unsuccessful attempt by a band of pirates (who were subsequently captured) to seize a junk in the harbour, which they intended to use for piratical purposes, nothing has occurred to disturb the peace of the district. The neighbouring district of Lingshan, however, is reported to be in an unquiet state, and there has also been a recrudescence of trouble around Nanning. Information has just reached me that a Commandant (ying-kuan) and another officer have been killed in an engagement in that neighbourhood, and that the bandits there are displaying great activity. A short time ago a body of troops from Chinchou numbering about 200 men was worsted in a fight with brigands on the Kuanghsi border, and now General Pan has been ordered to proceed into that province with the whole of his command, consisting of four ying (nominally 2,000 men, but in reality only half that number). In his absence Li Chia Cho, who was recently on special duty in connection with the suppression of piracy in the Canton district, will have charge of military affairs in the Chinchou district, and will also be Acting Magistrate. The force under his command will be of about the same strength as that which General P'an is taking into Kuanghsi, and the greater part of it has already passed through this port on the way to Chinchou, 700 men having arrived with him a few days ago, and 500 having been brought shortly before in a steamer specially chartered for the purpose. They are armed with repeating rifles, mostly Mausers, and have also several quick-firing guns. This force will be further strengthened by a few hundred men raised locally,",
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        "id": 391288,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "page_number": 249,
        "title": "CO129-321 - Public Offices & Others - 1903",
        "content_text": "245\n\n2\n\nis a moral for the Mandarins in the fact that goods destined for consumption in China will always endeavour to approach their markets, as far as possible, by foreign routes.\n\nAfter leaving Wu Ting, we turned north-west up a narrow valley and into some very mountainous country, inhabited chiefly by Lolos, but with some well-watered, and therefore well-peopled, valleys; on the second day from Wu Ting, we passed the backbone of the range which forms the west limit of the basin of the An Ning River, Shih T'a La (8,000 feet), and descended through bare imposing mountain scenery to the ridge of Hao Chi Pa, where we camped with no water nearer than 700 feet below us. The country resembles the Wa hills, on the Burmah frontier.\n\nFrom Hao Chi Pa there is an easy descent down to the valley of Yuan Meng Hsien, but the city having been partially destroyed by the rebels, the officials' residence has been moved further down the valley to Ma Kai, a busy market of 400 houses, where there is a considerable traffic. The valley is well cultivated down to the Yang-tsze, which is 25 miles distant on the Chien Chang road. This valley is almost tropical, the height of Ma Kai being only 4,000 feet; sugar is grown in considerable quantities, and the whole look of the place is Szechuanese rather than Yunnanese. Leaving Ma Kai, we entered the hills to the west of the valley, and after a long march across the river whose head waters flow sluggishly across the plain of Chu Hsiung on the main Burmah road, and over a waterless range (5,900 feet), we descended into the narrow and poor valley of Miao Men (li-kin station and 150 houses in the principal village), and then passed by a defile into a narrow, but fertile, valley, with a number of Chinese villages. Here we put up at the Lung Ch'uan Temple (\"dragon spring\"), which has been restored by Colonel Li, formerly Commandant of the Lin An brigade in South Yünnan, who has beautified his ancestral home with the spoils, if not of war, at least of peace. Hence a climb over another main north and south range (7,200 feet) brought us down to the valley and busy city of Ta Yao, which contains about 5,000 inhabitants and is a busy market. It is one of the places which the opening of the Teng Yueh customs has brought within the sphere of Burmah trade influence. Much of the through traffic between West Yünnan and Szechuan passes this way, and there is a main road from Ta Yao to Jen Ho Kai, an important market and li-kin station near the Yang-taze, whence trade goes across to the Chien Chang Valley. Silk, ponies, tobacco, sugar, and Szechuan cotton cloth are the chief imports into Yunnan by this route.\n\nThree-quarters of the country hitherto traversed had been mountainous; the hills are mainly populated by Lolos, who form the majority of the crowd at the Ta Yao market. The Chinese have, however, already occupied most of the good valley lands, and will, no doubt, in time gradually extinguish the Lolos. The only product of the country besides mules and ponies which is worth mentioning is hemp, which the Lolos use for their coarse garments. It sells raw for 50 cash a catty (1 lb.) on the market at Ta Yao, and some of it finds its way to Teng Yueh.\n\nFrom Ta Yao as a centre, a number of cultivated valleys penetrate in various directions into the surrounding hills. Following one of these for 12 miles we crossed another low range running north and south, and looked down into the valley of Pei Yen Tsing (\"white salt wells\"), and across it on to vast confused mountain masses.\n\nWe camped 3 miles short of the wells; a sharp white frost fell in the night and nearly every other night for the rest of our journey.\n\nPei Yen Tsing is a filthy town of about 6,000 inhabitants, consisting of one long street in a close gorge, where brine wells have been bored. The output of salt is about 2,000 catties per day, and there is an official of the Salt Department in charge. The brine is brought up in leather buckets, let down by hand and then boiled in large open pans over charcoal fires.\n\nImmediately after leaving Pei Yen Tsing in a westerly direction, an abrupt and tiring ascent over a main range has to be made; from the summit of the Kuan Yin Miao pass the traveller descends through wild country to the K'ung Hsien Bridge by the banks of the K'ung Hsien River. This is a mountain stream which flows down to the Yang-tsze, and we ascended it for 19 miles through a magnificent defile, densely wooded, and with the side valleys finely terraced with rice-fields. The road from Pei Yen Tsing up over the mountains and along this gorge was once paved, and as there are clearly not enough inhabitants in the vicinity to have undertaken such a work, it seems, probably, that this was once a main trade route between Ta Li and Szechuan.\n\nLeaving this romantic valley, we ascended to the open plateau of Mi Tien, whence a level road to the south-west leads in two days to Yunnan Hsien on the Burmah high road, while another road to the north-west leads, through a defile in the hills, past the fertile valley of Chiao Ting, and so out on to the wide plain of Pin Chuan, which is the most important rift in the mountains between Ta Li and Yunnan-fu. This plain is about 3 miles long and 14 miles to 3 miles broad.\n\n3\n\nIt debouches on to the Yang-tsze at the important market of Chin Chiang Kai, one long day's march from Pin Chuan city; thence the high road leads to Yung Peh. Of recent years a considerable and lucrative trade has sprung up between West Yunnan and the trans-Yang-tsze Yung Peh district, specially those parts of it which are near the Yang-tsze and to the Szechuan border. The people of West Yunnan is supplied with sugar from this source, and also with tobacco; paper, oranges, and Shasi cloth are other objects of commerce, while opium, cotton, and gams move east in return across the Yang-tsze.\n\nThe south of the Pin Chuan Valley is divided by an easy col (7,250 feet) from the extensive plain of Yunnan Hsien, and this again is divided by one range from the valleys of Mi Tao and Meng Hua, which brings us near the Mekong River; the railway engineer who had got his alignment over on to the east bank of the Mekong would have an easy task to reach the Yang-tsze north of Pin Chuan.\n\nA great part of the Pin Chuan Valley is barren, owing to an insufficient supply of water; here, as in so many parts of Yunnan, scientific irrigation would work wonders. The city of Pin Chuan contains only one business street and a number of ancestral temples, and not more than 4,000 inhabitants, but there are two busy little markets in the plain, at Niu Kai, 7 miles north of the city, and at Pin Chi, 6 miles to the south-west. This valley, together with Yung Peh, ought now to get its foreign supplies wholly from Teng Yueh.\n\nIndian yarns of the coarser counts are likely to remain for many years the staple Note on cotton imports of Teng Yueh. I therefore append some notes on the cotton trade generally trade in Yünnan:\n\n(a.) Raw cotton is imported almost solely for the purpose of wadding garments and quilts.\n\n(b) The imports of Manchester goods are small, the annual value being from 55,000 to 100,000. The well-to-do inhabitants of the towns are Manchester's chief customers, and they do not form a large class in Yünnan, where there is only one town (the capital) of over 60,000 inhabitants, and only three others (Yung Chang, Chao Tong, and Chù Tsing) of over 20,000.\n\nThere is, however, a chance of extending the foreign piece-goods trade in the Yung Chang and Teng Yueh Valleys, where many people have travelled in Burmah, and have a taste for foreign cloth, and in many parts of Yunnan I think American drills may find favour.\n\n(c.) The Shasi cloth, so well known along the Yang-tsze, comes into Yünnan from Szechuan by Lao Wa Tan; it is still the principal clothing of the people in the Chao Tong district, but is losing ground almost everywhere on account of its price.\n\n(d.) All other cottons have in the last twelve years rapidly yielded in public favour before \"yang sha pu,\" or cloth locally woven from imported yarns. The great centre of this industry is the Hsin Hsing Valley, three days south of Yunnan-fu. This valley and the country near it take some 40,000 piculs yearly, and the manual dexterity of the weavers has attained so high a standard that Hsin Hsing cloth is distributed all over the province, especially in the Ta Li district; the reason for the establishment of this industry at Hsin Hsing is that the population is dense and is near a foreign custom-house, so that goods can be brought in cheaply under transit pass from Mengtse.\n\nHad we been wise in time, Teng Yuch would have been an open port ten years ago, and with the cheap and regular Tariff of the Imperial Customs, the weaving industry would certainly have established itself in the Yung Chang or Teng Yueh Valleys. The disadvantage to us of its being at Hsin Hsing is that there Japanese and Tonkin yarns can compete with Bombay on favourable terms, while near Teng Yueh the yarn would all be Indian.\n\nYunnan-fu takes about 15,000, and Chủ Tsing, in East Yunnan, about 12,000 piculs of yarn annually; these, however, are consumed locally, and there is no export of cloth to speak of from these districts.\n\nI was glad to observe that attempts are now being made to start weaving all over West Yunnan, notably at Yung Chang and Hoching Chou, and even that yarns can now go from Teng Yueh into South-west Szechuan and return thence to Yung Peh in the form of woven cloth.\n\nFashions, of course, vary, and there are many districts which could be supplied more cheaply from Teng Yueh which at present prefer Shasi or Hsin Hsing goods, and from the point of view of wholesale manufacture for export to other districts, as apart from merely supplying local demand by local domestic industry, merchants complain that trade and mule...",
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        "id": 395135,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 472,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "2\n\nmatter to the Taotai, pointing out among other things: (1) that a transit pass for opium was a non-existent document; and (2) that, whereas the total dues now charged on opium shipped through the foreign Customs were 5.28 taels li-kin, 20 taels export or departure duty at Chungking and 52 taels arrival duty at Ichang, these would under the new arrangement, whereby the Szechuan departure duty became payable to the li-kin authorities, be augmented by the payment of an arrival duty of 20 taels to the Imperial Maritime Customs at Ichang on shipment of the drug on board steamer at that port. In other words, the total duty charged would be 97.28 taels in lieu of 77.28 taels. He also endeavoured to make it clear that the dues on the drug not destined for places beyond Shanghae had all along fallen to the share of the li-kin authorities, and that, seeing that Szechuan had now as competitors in the opium production of the Empire the Provinces of Shantung, Honan, Anhui, Kiangsu, Kwangsi, Yunnan, and Kweichow, the policy of increasing the dues on the opium shipped through the Imperial Maritime Customs to Shanghae, the south and the coast ports, was a suicidal one, involving an increase in price to the consumer of the Szechuan article and a consequent fall in the demand.\n\nIn the end, the Proclamation was withdrawn and a return made to the practice hitherto in force. I may here mention that, were Wan Hsien an open port, it would be the natural outlet for the opium produced in the Liangshan and Fengtu districts, which would thus be spared the up-river trip to Chungking to permit of shipment through the foreign Customs.\n\nOn the 16th ultimo a further Proclamation was posted notifying the inauguration of an export li-kin on goods leaving Chungking by the three main land routes.\n\nThese are:-\n\n1. Through the Chao Tien gate, and thence across the Little River to Chiang-pei from which, following along the course of this waterway, it runs viâ Hochou and Suining to Chengtu.\n\n2. Through the Nan Chi and Tung Yuan gates viâ Fu Ton Kuan to Yung Chutan, Pi Shan Hsien, Chiang Chin, Ta Tsu, Jung Chang, Lang Chang, &c., and Chengtu.\n\n3. Through the Taiping and Ch'u Ch'i gates to Hai T'an Ch'i across the Yang-tsze, thence to the Kweichow Province.\n\nThe rapacity displayed by Chao Chian, the deputy in charge of this collection, did not stop short of the smallest article passing through the gates mentioned to the places indicated. His p'iao were for as infinitesimal a sum as 1 cash, and not even a box of matches, pair of shoes, hat, piece of ribbon, &c., purchased by peasants and coolies were exempt. In the prosecution of his scheme he detained, as a li-kin payment on a consignment of bristles purchased by the Chungking Trading Company and passing through the Taiping gate, a case and basket of these goods which were about to cross the river to the godowns of the Company on the opposite side. Mr. Nicholson, the local representative of the firm at once requested me to obtain their release, which was duly effected. Mr. Chao's life was a short one: the populace was becoming so enraged at his impositions that the sacking of his Yamen was determined upon. On hearing of this, the Tantai sent a hasty wire to the Viceroy; the Commandant of the local militia had his men under orders to appear on the scene at the first sign of disturbance and to attempt, by exhortation-not by use of arms-to prevent the people achieving their purpose; while the deputy in charge of the Lao li-kin (import), whose office is situated in the same street as that of his confrère, lost no time in putting up a Proclamation to the following effect: \"It is not me: these are not my ways. It is the man next door: vent your wrath upon him.\" The Viceroy saved the situation by telegraphing the dismissal of Chao and placing the Chungking Prefect temporarily in charge.\n\nIt will be seen from the above how determined is the effort being made to stimulate the li-kin collection, the work, as I have already stated, of the Chief of the Head Li-kin Office at Chengtu. On the 25th March last, Messrs. Jardine, Matheson and Co. reported that a consignment of their goods, properly furnished with transit passes for Chengtu, had there been detained for li-kin and requested me to obtain their release. Having satisfied myself that the case was a bona fide one, I communicated by telegraph with His Majesty's Consul-General, who at once effected the required release.\n\n(Signed)\n\nH. E. SLY,\n\nBritish Acting Consul.\n\nChungking, May 24, 1904.\n\n(This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.)\n\n469\n\nCHINA TRADE.\n\n[August 20.]\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nNo. 1.\n\nActing Consul Sly to the Marquess of Lansdowne.-(Received August 20.)\n\n(No. 8. Confidential.) (Extract.)\n\nChungking, June 30, 1904.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose herewith copy of a Report on the trade of Thibet with the Province of Szechuan, through Kuan Hsien, Mao Chow, and Sungp'an, written by the Commissioner of Customs at this port, and which that gentleman has kindly allowed me to transmit for your Lordship's confidential information. Mr. W. C. H. Watson has been stationed for three years in Chungking, and is well acquainted with the commercial conditions of the province.\n\n(Confidential.)\n\nInclosure in No. 1.\n\nReport on the Trade of Thibet.\n\nKuan Hsien.-The trade of Kuan Hsien is of considerable importance, as may be seen from the figures given in the table. Situated as the town is on the border-line dividing Chinese Szechuan proper from that portion of the province inhabited by the Mantzu tribes, the chief business of the place consists of dealings in wool, soda, indigo, and of the medicines of the Chinese pharmacopoeia for which these districts are noted. It is also the centre of many coal mines, the produce of which is in demand on account of the excellence of the output. Medicines are brought in by merchants who periodically visit the tribesmen for purposes of trade and with whom dealings are conducted by a system of exchange and barter. A Chinese merchant will come into Kuan Hsien with the stock he has thus procured, proceed to one of the many inns, and inform the inn-keeper of what he has for sale. The inn-keepers act as a sort of brokers; they have the daily price of staples posted up in their establishments, and introduce customers. Customers thus introduced, mostly agents for Chengtu firms, buy on credit of one or two months, as the case may be, and the innkeeper is responsible to the seller for the payment of goods when due. For his services he charges a fixed rate of 3 per cent. on all transactions taking place at his inn. Ready money dealings are rare and do not appear to be appreciated.\n\nESTIMATED Annual Quantities of Goods passing inwards through Kuan Hsien.\n\n  \n    Description\n    Classifier of Quantity\n    Quantity\n    Value\n  \n  \n    Medicines\n    Value\n    \n    Taels. 180,000\n  \n  \n    Young deer horns\n    Catties\n    1,500\n    30,000\n  \n  \n    Old deer horns\n    Piculs\n    1,500\n    6,000\n  \n  \n    Musk\n    Taels\n    16,000\n    216,000\n  \n  \n    Wool\n    Piculs\n    5,000\n    55,000\n  \n  \n    Indigo\n    Value\n    \n    160,000\n  \n  \n    Soda\n    \n    \n    150,000\n  \n  \n    Timber\n    \n    \n    60,000\n  \n  \n    Total\n    \n    \n    847,000\n  \n\n[2108 u-1]",
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        "id": 397939,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 429,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## Shan States under Chinese Rule\n\nThe many Chinese settlers in his territory. This State, with the exception of the outlying town of Manwyne, which came into the family by marriage, is poor. The main valley is only 9 miles by 2-3 miles, but the side valley of Man Tung, situated beyond the hills to the east, is larger and richer.\n\nThe Nan Tien Sawbwa is thought to be at the bottom of the intrigues which the Chinese have started against his neighbour of Kangai.\n\nKangai, which includes the richest part of the Taping Valley, is situated between Nan Tien and the frontier. The clan name is also Tao. The old Sawbwa, who is about 55 years of age, is supposed to have abdicated according to Shan custom in favour of his son, a man of about 30, who represents the twenty-eighth generation in a direct line from the first Sawbwa. Both father and son are men of intelligent and benevolent disposition, who, considering the circumstances, govern their State well. They are both, but especially the father, devout Buddhists. The State is rich, but is sometimes subject to destructive inundations.\n\nThe main Tengyueh-Bhamo trade route passes straight through Kangai and Nan Tien. There are not many Kachins in this State, and those few give but little trouble. The main Kangai Valley is about 35 miles long by 4-5 miles broad.\n\n### 3. Chanta, or Santa\n\nThis includes a small portion of the Taping Valley on the right bank and a section of hill country behind it to the north. The Sawbwa is a child. His father was robbed and then executed some years ago by the Tengyueh official on a false charge of treason with the British. The government of the State has since been in disorder. The Kachins in the Santa Hills are under no sort of control.\n\n### 1. Laksa and Hosa\n\nThese are two small States in an upland valley at an altitude of 4,000-5,000 feet, along and above the east side of the Taping Valley; the beautiful Lahsa-Hosa Valley is watered by the Nau Sa, a small tributary of the Taping. The inhabitants are not Shan; they have a language of their own, and are known as Ashang. They are probably of Maru Kachin origin, with an admixture of Chinese and possibly of Burmese blood. They have attained a considerable standard of civilization, and are both industrious and peaceable; they have a great reputation as blacksmiths, and go down to Burmah to seek work. The Hosa Sawbwa is a minor; the Lahsa is an old man who has four sons, the eldest of whom manages his affairs; the administration is not bad, but the Sawbwa has little authority, and both ends of the valley are subject to Kachin raids. There is a fair path down the valley and through to Burmah, but it is only used by local traffic. The valley is some 30 miles long by 2-3 miles broad.\n\n## (B) Shan States in the Shweli or Lung Chiang Valley, on the right bank\n\nThe Shweli is an important affluent of the Irrawaddy; it rises to the north of Tengyueh, and joins the main river from the left side, near Ratha, in Burmah.\n\n### 5. Meng Wan\n\nThis is the basin of the Nam Wan, a small tributary of the Shweli. The valley is over 30 miles long and 5-6 miles broad at the broadest part; it is very fertile, but malarious; the administration was for years in the hands of the mother of the present Sawbwa, a young man of 23, who took over the Government four years ago. Since then the condition of the State has been going from bad to worse. The young Sawbwa is drunken, licentious, violent, and superstitious. He harbours quacks, gamblers, and criminals from Burmah and other places, while the numerous Kachins on both sides of his valley are under no sort of control. They are constantly thieving and cattle-lifting on the British side. Several large Kachin villages above the north-east of the valley have openly revolted and expelled the lawful Shan owners from the rice fields, which they are now cultivating themselves, without paying any taxes. In 1903 the Chinese Commandant of the frontier regiment, Ma Wu Hsiang, a Panthay, was stationed at the Sawbwa's residence for some time, and composed matters; but this season I find that the young Sawbwa has again begun his reckless courses, he has been taking medicines which are supposed to render him bullet-proof, he has shot several persons in a drunken fit, and he has taken to seizing Kachin maidens and confining them in his harem for some time, a proceeding which demonstrates both his imprudence and his bad taste. Further disorders may be expected, and the Tengyueh officials do nothing to restore order. This State is consequently poor. A secondary trade route from Burmah to Tengyueh runs the length of the valley. The Meng Wan Sawbwa's principal wife is a daughter of Nan Tien.\n\n### 6. Meng Mao\n\nThis State is situated along the right bank of the Shweli above the confluence of the Nara Wan. It consists of some hill-land and a rich valley, some 27 miles by 5 miles, a large part of which is uncultivated. The hills at the back of the town between the State and Meng Wan are thickly populated by Kachins, who are under no sort of control, and levy blackmail or pillage in the valley. The Sawbwa, a man of about 30, is weak but not vicious; he cannot make much headway against his Kachins, and he has scanty resources in the way of money, but he has recently shown some activity in his administration. This State is off the main route; the town of Meng Mao (about 250 houses) has an old wall, and in the Burmah wars of the middle ages is said to have been the headquarters of a Taotai.\n\n## (C) Shan States in the Shweli Valley, on the left bank\n\n### 7. Chefang or Sefang\n\nThis State is limitrophe with the British Northern Shan States; it consists of the lower part of the basin of the Meng Kwan River, a tributary of the Shweli and of the surrounding hills, which are inhabited by very unruly Kachins. Even the main valley (20 miles by 4) is poor and thinly populated as it is subject to had inundations, and, even in the dry season, consists mainly of a reed-covered swamp. The Sawbwa is a man about 30, of the same original stock as the princely families of Meng Mao and Meng Wan; the administration of the State is fairly good; none of the Chinese Sawbwas has worse Kachins or makes such serious efforts to control them. The late father of the present Sawbwa was a believer in drastic measures, and it is said that he used to boil his Kachins in oil, or roast them over slow fires, in order to persuade them to better courses. An important trade route from Burmah, the Ruby Mines, and the Shan States to West Yünnan leads straight through the Chefang Valley. The road is well maintained, and, in spite of the Kachins, serious robberies hardly ever take place along it.\n\n### 8. Meng Kwan\n\nMeng Kwan, or, in Chinese, Mang Shih, situated north of Chefang, comprises the valley of the Upper Nam Kwan River and the hills surrounding it. The main valley of this State, which on the east is limitrophe with the Chinese sub-Prefecture of Lung Ling, is some 16 miles by & in extent, and is both fertile and densely populated. With the possible exception of Kangai, the State is considered to be the richest near the border. Near the Sawbwa's residence there is a considerable bazaar resorted to by numerous Chinese caravans in the cold weather. The main Burmah Chefang-Lung Ling road goes through the State. The town, like all Shan towns (which are merely large villages), has a dilapidated appearance; lean pigs, ruined pagodas, heaps of cow-dung, majestic pipul trees, mean mud or bamboo wattle huts, lofty bamboo groves, and slatternly women exuding betel chew from their dirty mouths. This valley is very feverish; the hills round it, however, have been settled by Chinese from West Yunnan, and there are but few Kachins. The Sawbwa (clan name Fang) is a young man, weak and superstitious Buddhist, but his rule is not oppressive. The Sawbwa and the State have recently been brought to the brink of ruin by the \"squeezing\" operations of the Chinese Mandarins, of which I shall speak later at length.\n\n### 9. Meng Ting\n\nMeng Ting is another State further to the south, to which I may refer, though it does not otherwise come within the purview of this report. Meng Ting comprises the low-lying valley of the Nam Ting River which joins the Salwen from the east at Kunlong ferry. The State is a small one and is in a condition of disorder owing to the neglect of the Chinese, the incompetence of the Sawbwa, and the influence of the bad counsellors by whom he is surrounded. Notorious dacoits are constantly harboured in this State, and the Sawbwa is always quarrelling with his neighbours. Representations concerning Meng Ting have been made at Yunnan-fu, and a Chinese Deputy has been sent, who will meet the British Superintendent of the Northern Shan States, and endeavour to settle outstanding cases, and to suggest some means for the better government of the State in the future. If the Kunlong Railway ever materializes, it will run along this valley which is marshy, tropical, and malarious.\n\nThe population of the Shan States under China can only be given in the form of a rough approximation to the number of families who pay taxes and are supposed to ...\n\nPage 422",
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        "id": 397942,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 432,
        "title": "CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "# the peace of the border and to prevent the Sawbwas being subjected to oppression and extortion on our account or on any other account.\n\nWhen such cases occur, the Consul must largely be guided by the opinion of the Government of Burmah in the particular matter. If the Shan State involved is far from the frontier and the trade routes, and no charges of intriguing with the outer people have been preferred, the advisability of Consular intervention would be doubtful, but when a charge of imaginary treason with Burmal is trumped up, or when, as in the case of Kangai, the Sawbwa, attacked is one—the security of whose State is essential to the peace of the border and the due exercise of our own commercial rights, then the case for intervention is very strong, and so long as I have the honour to be employed here, I propose to intervene, subject to any instructions that I may receive to the contrary.\n\nI am now addressing a note to the Taotai, in which I assume, in order to \"save his face,\" that the Mang Shih and other cases have been the work of his subordinates. I call upon him to take efficient measures to suppress the practice of extortion of the frontier Sawbwas, and inform him that any further abuse of the name of the Government of Burmah in connection with such unsavoury affairs will be at once referred by me to His Majesty's Minister, and is likely to lead to unpleasant consequences to the officials concerned.\n\n## Inclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.  \n**(Signed)**  \nG. LITTON.\n\n## Extract from Intelligence Report, Tengyueh, January 30, 1905.\n\n### State of the Frontier.\n\nIn January 1905 a meeting took place near Meng Mao on the frontier, between the British officials and Ma, the Chinese Frontier Commandant, and the representatives of the Shan Sawbwas.\n\nPractically all the outstanding Bhamo cases concerning frontier matters were settled, and the stolen property or its equivalent handed over to us, while we had to pay to Meng Mao 185 rupees in respect of two cases where the offenders were British subjects. The Consulate records are not quite complete, but since the last frontier meeting in January 1904, when fourteen small cases were outstanding, thirty Bhamo frontier cases have been reported, all, with one exception, through the Deputy Commissioner, making in all a total of forty-four frontier cases for the year. There were no serious raids into British territory, and the cases were mostly minor cattle thefts. All but four cases have been settled; of these four, one is serious, consisting of robbery with deadly weapons, just on the Chinese side of the border when a caravan of five beasts, belonging to a British Chinaman who was badly shot in the thigh, was carried off by Pang Wai Kachins; the animals have been recovered, but we propose in this case to endeavour to extract further compensation. The other three unsettled cases are petty matters which will, I hope, be soon adjusted. Since the meeting, a bad case of robbery with violence on a Chinese Shan by British Kachins has been reported from Lung Chuan (Meng Wan), and is under inquiry.\n\nThe property and money restored by the Chinese to British subjects represents a value of 2,500 rupees (about) for the year 1904-1905.*  \n\nVarious \"frontier cultivation\" cases were also gone into. The Boundary Commissioners agreed that any cultivation rights exercised in China by British subjects, or in Burmah by Chinese subjects, should be preserved to them by mutual Agreement, after demarcation, but might not be extended. Under this arrangement, it appears that the Chinese subjects who cultivate in our territory are more numerous than the British subjects who cultivate in China. If, then, as the Chinese Chefang Sawbwa demands, we withdraw our cultivators from his State, other Chinese Sawbwas must withdraw their cultivators from British territory, and in the end, China would be the loser. It is hoped that no further friction will occur as to these cultivation questions, which, if not dealt with, are liable to lead to serious affrays.\n\n*As against forty-four cases, 3,000 rupees, for 1903-1904.\n\nPage 425\n\nOn the whole, there is a distinct improvement in the condition of the frontier so far as international matters are concerned, and in the manner in which the Commandant on the Chinese side deals with cases. Considerable credit is due to him, though, of course, the line of posts and the considerable force of frontier military police which the British maintain is the real guarantee of peace along the border.\n\nThe Meng Mao Sawbwa is decidedly more awake to the necessity of keeping his frontier in order than he was; but his Shans still have to pay blackmail to Kachins. The internal condition of Meng Wan (Lung Chuan), on the other hand, is going from bad to worse, and, generally speaking, it is still true that Burmah is put to a heavy expense for the maintenance of military police on the border, who would not be necessary if the Chinese Administration did its duty. In no single frontier case were the guilty parties punished; for the Chinese to punish a Kachin would probably mean a punitive expedition against his village, or the commencement of a feud between the man's relatives and the local Chinese. Commandant Ma is anxious to avoid anything of that kind. The total sum which he receives for the upkeep of two regiments (nominally 450 men), including arms, ammunition, equipment, food, clothing, and housing is only 28,000 rupees a-year at most. If he indulged in any fighting, he would have to pay even for the cartridges used. What he practically does is to take a contract, by which he agrees with the Tengyueh officials to keep the frontier reasonably quiet, and to satisfy the British officials when cases do occur.\n\nSo long as they are not pressed to take any troublesome action or to cash up money, and so long as their conduct is not officially impugned by the Consul, the Tengyueh Mandarins do not care in the very least what happens on the frontier. Of course, Commandant Ma has really only some 100 men in all. The mere fact that he does his duty to a certain extent, that he is on good terms with the British officers, and that by personally moving up and down the frontier, often, horrible to relate, in a short coat and straw sandals, he manages to settle cases to which we call his attention, have been a fruitful source of spiteful accusations against him by the gentry and yamên folk at Tengyueh, but I have done what I can to support this energetic, if illiterate, officer.\n\nIt must be admitted that the precise means by which Ma gets satisfaction for us in these cases are not quite clear, and probably involve some injustice, though less than would be entailed if we get no satisfaction at all. Sometimes he makes the Sawbwas pay blackmail to redeem the stolen cattle from the Kachin thieves; sometimes he makes the Sawbwas produce other cattle or rupees, which, as likely as not, are extracted from the unlucky villagers. In some cases, I think that Ma pays himself. He is generally supposed to make some 5,000 rupees a-year clear profit out of his office, so if he occasionally has to pay a few hundreds, no great harm is done.\n\nThe Chinese Kachin villages responsible for these offences and the offenders' names are well known, both to the British and the Chinese officials; the exemplary punishment of two or three villages and the establishment of military posts among them by the Chinese would doubtless cause an almost entire cessation of frontier crime, and it may be thought that we ought to press energetically for the immediate undertaking of military operations by the Chinese.\n\nThe Kachin districts which, though within the Chinese border, are under no sort of effective control, are—\n\n1. A large tract near the Burmah frontier among the hills which rise above the right bank of the Taping River (excepting the Peng Hsi hill, which is under control). This uncontrolled tract stretches north along the frontier of our Burmah and Mytkina districts. The names of the villages are unknown to the Tengyueh officials. Nothing which happens there is ever reported to them, save occasionally by the Consul; no taxes are paid, and, in fact, China has no more control over these hills than if they were in the centre of Africa.\n\n2. Further south, on the left of the Taping River, the hills which form the divide between Labsa and Lung Chuan are in a very similar condition, except where the main track crosses the hills. One group of villages on this range, Pang Wui, is close to our border, and is responsible for many frontier crimes.\n\n3. The Kachins, who inhabit the divide between Meng Wan (Lung Chuan) and Meng Mao, are practically independent. This range stretches for some 30 miles, and in no part of it, except along the main route from Meng Mao to Meng Wan, is there a particle of Chinese authority.\n\n4. The Kachins in the hills all round Chefang are also quite independent of control. All the Sawbwa can do is to prevent the wild men raiding his plain, and he cannot always do that.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-330 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-334 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 399,
        "title": "CO129-334 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "394 \n\nmade an average score of 30 under similar conditions.\n\n4. Thirty-two officers of the Civil Service not belonging to either Volunteers or Volunteer Reserve Association have volunteered for work on the Military telephones in war compared with 47 last year. The majority of these attended the annual mobilization of the garrison and did useful work on that occasion.\n\n5. 11 private medical practitioners are now registered for service in the Naval and Military Hospitals in war.\n\n6. There are thus in all 547 members of the British civil population who have definitely engaged to assist His Majesty's forces in time of emergency compared with 498 at the date of my above-quoted despatch.\n\n7. In addition to these 21 ladies, four of whom are professionally trained nurses and the remainder holders of the St. John's Ambulance Association medallions or certificates for both First Aid and Home-nursing, have registered their names for service as nurses.\n\n8. Reverting to the report now transmitted I agree with the Commandant that the rifle range at Tai Hang, at present the only one available for the Volunteers, is most unsatisfactory. It is troublesome of access and very",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-334 - Governor Nathan - 1906 [5-7].txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12]",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12]",
        "content_text": "17\n\nin their remarks copies\n\nI which\n\n& the Jr:\n\nbig forwarded\n\nLord Elgin approved the\n\nthe\n\nestation qi\n\nfor g Staff Officer\n\nthe offer of the\n\nunpaid appointment\n\nCommandant to\n\nfor a Chapman of\n\nthe Hang\n\nKung\n\nService.\n\nDRAFT.\n\nThe Sal\n\n8M/44369\n\nHangkas\n\n4\n\nConfl\n\nChroma 7250\n\nMINUTE.\n\n212. Stutts 31 11 Mr. Collins!\n\nMr. Antrobus.\n\nMr. Cox.\n\nMr. Lucas.\n\nMr. Graham.\n\nSir M. Ommanney.\n\nMr. Churchill.\n\nThe Earl of Elgin.\n\n6 copies of Remarks.\n\n1.11.06\n\n(44307.)\n\n4th Fifty 1997\n\nJ Jan:\n\n(m.o.) to you\n\nforte 8.\n\nun Directed\n\nto ark! the\n\nletter\n\n& to forward\n\nfor communication\n\nO.C. the\n\nTroops in\n\nHongkong\n\nC.S.C's\n\nAdditional remarks\n\nreport\n\nthe\n\nthe\n\nHongkong Volunteers",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-336 - Governor Nathan & Public Offices - 1906 [11-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 407353,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "page_number": 649,
        "title": "CO129-337 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1906",
        "content_text": "640\n\n4\n\nLiu Kuo-liang, Captain of the City Guard; Yen Shang-Chung, sergeant in the Guard of the Hsin-chien Magistrate; Wu Ting-k'uei, sergeant in the right battalion, are to be cashiered. Li Hung-yüan, sergeant in the left battalion; Liu Ching-t'ai, Commandant of the 3rd Battalion of the 1st Brigade of the Territorial Army; and Wei Ting, Captain in the same battalion, are to be deprived of their buttons; Cheng Yün-hsien and Hsiang Kuan-pang, who both possess hereditary ranks, are to be fined one year's emoluments, and the expectant Magistrate, Huang Chung, of the South Police-station in Nanchang city, has three entries of default recorded against him.\n\nIn addition to the punishments of the ringleaders and officials above mentioned, their Excellencies stated that a Proclamation would be issued by the Governor of Kiangsi, acknowledging that the late Magistrate of Nanchang, Chiang Chao-t'ang, had committed suicide, and that an undertaking had been given by the Chinese Government not to permit the local officials, gentry, or people to do honour to his memory.\n\nYour Highness is aware that in the month of March last, as the result of an inquiry conducted while Mr. Werner, His Majesty's Consul at Kiukiang, was at Nanchang, it was arranged that the following punishments should be inflicted on the persons concerned in the murders of Mr. and Mrs. Kingham, and in the destruction of their property :--\n\nNamePunishment\n\nHsü Tê-fên, Deputy in the Industrial School, Wa Chên-jo, Deputy in the Foreign Bureau. Kêng Ch'ao-t'ai, Superintendent of the Mint. Hsiung Lan-sên, Ch'ang Pei-Chün (Regular Army). Hsiung Yi-Shêng, Ch'ang Pei-Chin (Regular Army). Pao Chiêng-huang, Chiêng Shou Ying (City Guard). Pao Pu-k'uei, Chêng Shou Ying (City Guard). Chang Yu-ch'uan, Ching Ch'a Chü (Police). Lu Chin-piao, Ching Cha Cha (Police). Shen-Fu-hàng, Ching Cha Chủ (Police). Chi-Ping-k'an, Ching Ch'a Chu (Police). P'an Têng-hsien, Lieutenant of Cavalry. Ho Han-wên, Lieutenant of Cavalry. Wang Hsi-lin, Lieutenant of Cavalry.Decapitation.\nHsü Tso-chün, sergeant of the Provincial Guard.Eight years' imprisonment.\nSix years' imprisonment.\nHsieh Yu-lung Tan Chin-kang Wei Tê-sheng Chou Lao-érh ÏIsiao Fa Li La-tzü Hu Tang-poo Li Hslich-pêng Wang Mu-shui Li Kuang-hua Chih Hsin-p'u Wang Wei-lin Hsing Tsai-kn. Heiung Ping-nao.. Chên Hsi-feng Yang Lia-chin Ch'en Sheng-luTwo years' hard labour.\nOne year's hard labour.\n\nI have great pleasure in submitting these names to your Highness, and to request, on behalf of His Majesty's Government, that a substantial reward may be given to each for his courageous and highly meritorious conduct.\n\nIf your Highness will be so good as to inform me that the punishments above mentioned will be faithfully carried out, that the sum of 4,700l. will be paid to His Majesty's Consul at Kiukiang (either in Kiukiang or Shanghae, as he will select), and that the officers and men whose names I have indicated will be rewarded, I shall at once inform His Majesty's Government and recommend that the case be closed.\n\nI avail, &c.\n\n(Signed) LANCELOT D. CARNEGIE.\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nSir,\n\nIt was also arranged verbally by Sir Ernest Satow with the Wai-wu Pu that the Kiangsi authorities should pay a sum for the maintenance of the surviving infant child of Mr. and Mrs. Kingham, in addition to compensation for the house and property destroyed by the mob, and the total amount required for these purposes has now been fixed by His Majesty's Government at 4,700l. This sum is exclusive of certain small claims for the destruction of property belonging to British missionaries, which have already been satisfied by the Provincial Government of Kiangsi.\n\nI should add that Mr. Werner has brought to the notice of His Majesty's Government the names of the following officers and men in the service of the Chinese Government who exerted themselves to protect the lives and property of foreigners during this lamentable occurrence :--\n\nHung Wei-lin, Commodore of the River Fleet.\nWu Mei-t'ing, Captain of a gun-boat.\nLin Kuo-tung, Squadron Commander.\nChiến Chin-tang, Commandant in the Chang Pei-Chúa.\nHung Chan-k'uei, Major in the Right Battalion.\nLiu Chu-shu, Lieutenant-Colonel in the City Guard.\nWang Tê-sheng, Captain of the City Guard.\nLiu Hsin-ch'uan, Captain of Cavalry.\nTs'ao Tê-fu, Inspector of the 1st Battalion of the Territorial Army.\nSun Lang, Police Deputy.\nHsu Hui-ch'uan, Police Deputy.\n\nPrince Ching to Mr. Carnegie.\n\nKuang Hsü, 32nd year, 5th month, 9th day (June 30, 1906).\n\nI HAVE the honour to acknowledge receipt of your note of the 27th June on the subject of the Nanchang missionary case [note of the 27th June quoted at length].\n\nI have the honour to state, in reply, that this Board will not fail to communicate to the provincial authorities of Kiangsi the punishments to be inflicted on the persons found guilty of participation in this outbreak, in accordance with the list in your note, and with instructions to give due effect thereto.\n\nAs regards the sum of 4,700l. to be paid as compensation and for the maintenance of the infant survivor, payment will be made to His Britannic Majesty's Consul at Kinkiang within three months; while we are also communicating to the Governor of Kiangsi the list of officers who exerted themselves in this case in affording protection, with instructions that they should be granted suitable rewards.\n\nThe harmonious settlement of this case affords an eloquent testimony of your country's friendship, for which my colleagues and myself desire to express our profound appreciation.\n\nWhile trusting that you will communicate this reply to His Majesty's Government and recommend that the case be closed, I avail, &c.\n\nInclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nAgreement between Wai-wu Pu and French Minister at Peking.\n\nDES troubles ayant récemment éclaté à Nantchang, au cours desquels des Français ont trouvé la mort et l'école et la mission ont été incendiées, les Gouvernements Français et Chinois, désireux d'arranger cette affaire conformément à la justice et à l'équité, afin de confirmer les relations d'amitié qui existent entre les deux pays, sont tombés d'accord pour nommer des Délégués chargés de faire une enquête.\n\nOnt été désignés :\n\nDu côté Français, le Vicomte du Halgouet, Secrétaire d'Ambassade, &c.;\n\n[2102 dd-4]",
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    {
        "id": 407914,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "page_number": 378,
        "title": "CO129-338 - Public Offices & Others - 1906",
        "content_text": "373\n\n2\n\ncommitted what in English law would be perjury of a very serious nature, I have the honour to request your sanction to my asking the Governor at Nan Chiang to award to the latter some suitable, but not vindictive, punishment. As far as the evidence at the trial went, Hsiao Fa should either have been liberated or condemned to death.\n\nRewards.-I cannot but regard the manner in which this part of the stipulations made by His Majesty's Government has been carried out by the Chinese authorities as most unsatisfactory. The revised list of Chinese who exerted themselves to protect the lives and property of foreigners whose names I brought to Sir Ernest Satow's notice, and to each of whom a substantial reward was to be given, is contained in Mr. Carnegie's despatch. I have the honour to report as follows upon the rewards so far allotted to the various officers and men named therein :-\n\nHung Wei-lin, Commodore of the River Fleet, and Wu Chén-jo, Deputy in the Foreign Bureau, have been placed next on the list for promotion. This is too uncertain; they should at once be promoted to the rank of Chih Chou.\n\nWu Melting, captain of a gunboat, to be promoted to the next Ying vacancy. Should he at once be made a Ying Kuan, preferably at Kiukiang, that being his wish.\n\nHsu Tê-fên, Deputy in the Industrial School; Chiên K'uei (not in original list); Sun Lang, Police Deputy; Hsu Hui-Chuan, ditto; Liu Hung-lin (not in the original list); Shên Fu-hêng, of the Ching Ch'a Chu. When vacancies occur, their cases will be considered. This is too indefinite; they should be given the rank of Chih Chou, and sent immediately to fill acting posts.\n\nLiu Kuo-tung, Squadron Commander; Chên Chin-tang, Commandant of the Ch'ang Fei Chun; Hung Chan-k'uei, Major in the Right Battalion, Kêng Ch'ao-t'ai, Superintendent of the Mint; Liu Chu-shu, Lieutenant-Colonel of the City Guard; Wang Te-sheng, Captain of the City Guard, Liu Hsin-ch'uan, Captain of Cavalry: Tsao Tê-fu, an Inspector of the 1st Battalion of the Territorial Army; Ho Huan-wên, Lieutenant of Cavalry, Wang Hsi-lin, ditto; Pan Têng-hsien, ditto; Hsu Tzo-chün, Sergeant of the Provincial Garrison. These cases have not yet been considered, owing to a change of the Taotai in charge of military matters. Each case should be carefully considered, and definite promotion given immediately; otherwise nothing may be done for three to five years, or the matter may be overlooked altogether.\n\nPao Chiêng haang, of the Chồng Shou Ying; Pao Pu-kuei, ditto; Heung 1-shéng (Hsiung Lan-sen), of the Chang Pei Chün. These have received 7 taels each. They exerted themselves strenuously throughout the day of the massacre, and the reward must be considered inadequate. It cannot be construed as a \"substantial\" reward, as stipulated, and should be trebled at least.\n\nChang Ya-chan and Lü Chin-piao, of the Ching Cha Chü, have received 55 dollars and 45 dollars respectively. This may be considered sufficient.\n\nChu Ping-kun, of the Ching Cha Chi, is to be sent to Japan to study (probably for a military career). This, being at his own request, will, if carried out, be sufficient compensation for his voluntary aid to the missionaries in distress.\n\nI submit that the above list hardly indicates that this portion of the conditions imposed by His Majesty's Government has been carried out in the right spirit, and Had it not been that its immediate and adequate fulfilment should be insisted upon, for the courage and exertions of those named, it is probable that most of the missionaries in Nan Ch'ang at the time would have been murdered and all the Mission buildings destroyed. The sympathy, bravery, and hard work of what may be regarded as a small, but just-minded, pro-foreign party, ready to do right, even on behalf of aliens, in face of the risk of official disapproval, are characters and acts calling for commendation and encouragement, and it is to be feared that if the Governor at Nan Chang is not compelled to fulfil the stipulation as to granting a substantial reward to each of those named in Mr. Carnegie's note to Prince Ching of the 27th June last, since it cannot but be known that the stipulation has been made, the failure to insist upon its proper fulfilment will be regarded as a sign of weakness or indifference, and the name of foreigners and the cause of foreign Missions in Nan Chiang be in so far prejudiced. In those cases where it is impossible to immediately find a substantive post of higher grade, promotion in rank accompanied by an adequate pecuniary reward should at once be given.\n\nOf the names omitted from the revised list, Pao Fang, Miss Warr's writer, exerted himself throughout the day and part of the night, and was probably the means of Miss Warr's life being saved. This man and Chen p'o p'o, the amah who saved the infant Vera Kingham, should not be allowed to go unrewarded.\n\nThat a feeling of disappointment exists amongst those who, instead of deserting the missionaries in the hour of danger, worked hard on their behalf, and in many cases saved their lives and protected their property, is shown by the following extract from a letter, dated the 11th September, received by me from the Rev. A. E. Thor, of the China Inland Mission at Nan Ch'ang:-\n\n\"I have asked a good many, direct and indirect, if So-and-so has been rewarded, but always the same answer 'No,' and no one seems to think there will be any. To-day Liu Kuch-tung, of the cavalry camp, came in to have a chat; I asked him about the reward. He laughed and said: 'Reward there will be none, but a few days ago a note was sent to us from the General, which he had received from Peking, in which we were thanked for good service rendered the country, and that five names (mine being one) were put in the book of honour amongst those who have rendered good service to the country, and that is all we will get. If this country is too poor (as they always say) to give these men higher rank and as such more pay, it seems to me that the Chinese Government could afford to give their officers higher kong-ming' (degree). That would cost the Government nothing, but would work wonders amongst those who get it. Now, they all seem disappointed, as they had expected something, as the Governor cried out during the riot: 'A thousand taels to any one who saves a foreigner.'\n\nI submit that the Governor at Nan Chang should be instructed by telegraph to see that the stipulations of the two Governments are carried out immediately and in a proper spirit.\n\nCompensation. The sum of 4,700l.—the amount agreed upon as compensation for the destroyed property of the late Rev. H. C. Kingham and for the support of the infant, Margaret Vera Kingham-was received by me to-day (the 18th September) from the Governor of Nan Ch'ang, through the Prefect (the Taotai being in attendance upon his dying mother), to whom I gave a receipt. By the instructions of His Majesty's Chief Judge at Shanghae I have deposited the 700l. in the Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation, Shanghae, in an account named \"His Britannic Majesty's Consul, Kiukiang, a/c K.,\" and the 4,000, in the same bank in London to the account of \"His Britannic Majesty's Chief Judge, Supreme Court, Shanghae.\"\n\nAll the other claims for personal property destroyed having, as already reported, been settled satisfactorily by the former Governor, Hu Ting-kan, there remains only the question of the new piece of land which it was agreed should be granted to the missionaries for the purpose of erecting buildings in which to carry on the work begun by the late Rev. H. C. Kingham and his wife. The 700l. paid as compensation for the late Mr. Kingham's property having included the land on which the house and chapel had been erected, I have stated to the Rev. H. E. Pownall, representing the Stewards' Company (of which Mr. Kingham was a member), that this new piece of land, which obviously cannot form part of Mr. Kingham's estate, may be considered as the property of the Stewards' Company, given to them for the carrying on of the work interrupted by the death of Mr. Kingham, feeling that this course would meet with your sanction and approval. Further negotiations as to whether the same site shall be granted, or whether it will be advisable to rebuild the Mission premises at a greater distance from the Roman Catholic Mission (their proximity having led to their destruction during the late massacre), are under correspondence between the missionaries, the Nan Chang officials, and myself, and will probably shortly reach a satisfactory conclusion.\n\nSettlement and Guardianship.-After correspondence with the Supreme Court at Shanghae, I have suggested the appointment of the Rev. H. E. Pownali and Rev. R. J. Hopkins as trustees for the minor, Margaret Vera Kingham. Owing to the absence of the parties, I have not yet taken the hearing for the appointment of a guardian, and if, as seems probable from what Mr. Pownall has stated, Mr. Hopkins or he would prefer to be guardian rather than trustee, another reliable person nearly connected will be appointed joint trustee with one or the other. The matter will be proceeded with as soon as possible, and the Crown Advocate at Shanghae will then be instructed to draw up a deed of settlement, a draft of which will be forwarded for your approval.\n\nA claim for the guardianship of the infant, Margaret Vera Kingham, has been made, though as yet only in an informal manner, in private letters to Mrs. Pownall and Mrs. Hopkins by a Mr. Percy Kingham, a hotel-keeper of Drummond, South Africa, brother of the late Rev. H. C. Kingham, but being satisfied from information gathered from various sources that his guardianship would not be to the interests of the ward, and the Chief Judge concurring in my view, the appointment of a guardian will be proceeded with irrespective of any claim which he may see fit to set up.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) E. T. C. WERNER.\n\n3\n\n373",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 571,
        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## 6 is to use taxation as a prohibitory measure. If the price were to be doubled suddenly it would not be the loss of market that would be feared, but encroachments upon the market by the clandestine sale of prepared drug. Formerly at Hsuchou and Haichou, in Kiangpei, there were many who clandestinely sold prepared opium. If in one day the price of opium were suddenly doubled the profit to be made would be immense, and licensed opium would be driven out of the market by illicit sale, and this would, it is to be feared, militate against the suppression of opium smoking.\n\nYour new scheme of increasing the price by one-tenth per annum is quite consistent with the idea of the suppression of opium by degrees, and it is the duty of the Anti-Opium Bureau to check sales and collect the tax. An amount of the resulting income to be determined on should be handed over in lieu of the original tax on prepared opium, and the rest should be utilized for the expenses of the anti-opium movement.\n\nAs to the expedient regarding the opium shops, this is a measure in consideration of the poor; and of the prepared opium shops, few are to be found which do not provide facilities for smoking on the premises, or which confine their business to the sale of prepared opium. These are to be licensed as retail dealers in prepared opium. The names and addresses of the proprietors of the shops are first to be collected, and these must be made to give a bond not to allow smoking on the premises, and must obtain reciprocal security from others of the same trade. When licensed and registered on the official list they are to be allowed to carry on business. From that time forward shops may be closed, but no new shops opened, and fraudulent assumption of names and transfer of ownership, and other frauds of this character, will be strictly dealt with.\n\nThe original scheme as now amended by you is hereby indorsed as approved, and should be put into operation.\n\nThe various measures which have been submitted to me, with my revisions, should be embodied in the form of a Circular Report, and sent to all the higher authorities.\n\n\"Hsin Wen Pao\" of the 5th April:\n\nChu Taotai, head of the Li-kin farm at Soochow, and the officials of the head Li-kin Office at Shanghae, after discussion some days ago, requested the Governor to authorize a Regulation that private individuals purchasing raw opium should pay an increase of the price of 30 cash per ounce. The Governor decided yesterday that as the newly-established bureau for the control and taxation of prepared opium had instituted the measure of raising the price, the old practice of collecting opium duty by \"farming\" should be abolished, and he instructed his subordinates accordingly.\n\n## 3. Attitude of Officials and Movement in the Official Circles\n\n\"Shen Pao,\" of the 15th May:\n\nThe anti-opium movement is being actively carried out at Soochow, but at Nanking there is no sign of activity. This is said to be due to the tastes of his Excellency (probably the Provincial Treasurer). It is impossible to expect instant obedience to the orders against smoking. We hear that the Viceroy has decided upon a new Regulation, that, whether substantive or expectant, all officials shall be guaranteed by two others, and should any subterfuge be discovered all three will have to resign. In this wise every one will have to look after his own position, and there cannot be any secret aiding and abetting from motives of friendship.\n\n\"Chung Wai Jih Pao,\" of the 17th March:\n\nThe expectant officials in Soochow city are being carefully watched for opium smoking and have already given bonds, details regarding which have been embodied in a report to the Governor. It is now said that, as Governor Ch'en finds that as the bonds detailed in the report are mainly those of officials stationed in Soochow, and that as there are many detailed on special service who have been omitted, he has given orders that Lu Taotai and others, who are in charge of the investigation, shall make a fresh report, and should there be any officials who have been omitted from the previous one, they must be included forthwith and made to give a definite undertaking to be handed in within a given date. No delay or evasion can be permitted. This must not be disregarded.\n\n\"Shen Pao,\" of the 4th April:\n\nYang, Commandant of the Soochow Active Regulars, discovered that his second local regiment is full of opium smokers, and that the artillery is in a worse state, so gave orders to the officers of his regiment that they were to enforce the cessation of opium smoking among the men within a fortnight. At the expiration of this time the troops must be paraded at head-quarters for inspection by the Commandant. Should any of them try to conceal the fact that they are addicted to the habit, they will be at once struck off the list. The officers have communicated this to the men, and have ordered them to obey.\n\nThe \"Shih Pao,\" of the 8th April, says:\n\nGives an item of news which has excited interest among the Chinese in Shanghae, and although it cannot be said to pertain to the district under notice, yet it may be of sufficient significance as to warrant its inclusion in this Report. The \"Shih Pao\" Chekiang officials are being carefully watched for opium smoking. A register of the opium smoking officials has been drawn up, and a report been made concerning them, and six months has been the time limit laid down for their cessation of opium smoking. No pretexts will be admitted or concealment allowed, and any who break the rule will be impeached. Clerks in yamêns must also observe this time limit. Hsin, Provincial Treasurer, has discovered that the keeper of the Provincial Treasures, Pi Ting, is an opium smoker, and although he had promised to give up smoking, he was ordered to leave his post and to wait till he had got over his craving, which fact was to be certified by a foreign doctor; he will then be allowed to return. His duties will be attended to by Chin Pin San, Secretary of Records, in addition to his own. The Treasurer hopes that all officials will take heed of this example made of an officer of his own yamên. Officials, whether substantive or deputies, who have the opium habit, will all be granted furlough to cure themselves. The Treasurer is actively carrying out the idea of the prohibitory edict.\n\n\"Hsin Wen Pao,\" of the 17th April:\n\nThe Governor considered that Lu, Proctor of the Bureau for Control and Taxation of Prepared Opium, was not discharging his duties satisfactorily and cashiered him, appointing Teng, a Prefect, to replace him. The latter assumed his duties on the 15th April.\n\nLiu Kuo Shun, Superintendent of the Central Anti-Opium Bureau, finds many difficulties in the way of the proper discharge of his duties, and on the 15th April went to tender his resignation to the Governor. His resignation was not accepted. (He is said to be indignant at the cashiering of Proctor Lu.)\n\n## 4. New Bureaux, &c.\n\n(a.) Bureau for Control and Taxation of Prepared Opium.\n\n(b.) Prohibition Anti-Opium Bureau.\n\n(c.) Bureau for the Surveillance of Opium Smokers. (See also above.)\n\nThere would seem to be little difference in the methods or personnel of the three Bureaux—in fact, the names may probably be correctly regarded as synonymous.\n\n\"Chung Wai Jih Pao,\" of the 17th March:\n\nIt has been reported to the Governor that the Bureau for the Surveillance of Opium Smoking is now in operation.\n\nNow that the Bureau for the Surveillance of Opium Smoking is established, Liu Tuotai, who is in charge, is anxious to secure the co-operation of the Anti-Opium Society of the gentry, to enable a strict control to be kept over the opium dealers. He has been in treaty with this Society for some time without attaining any definite conclusion, and much time has been wasted, and active operations have been commenced. We hear that Liu Taotai has had repeated instructions from the Governor pressing for action. Satisfactory arrangements have now been made, and the Bureau commenced operations some days ago.\n\nPage 509",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 20,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[26884]  \nNo. 1.  \n31828  \n[August 12.]  \n16 SEP 07 SECTION 3.\n\n**(No. 294.)**\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received August 12.)\n\nPeking, June 19, 1907.\n\nCOMMANDANT BAESENS, whose industrial projects I had the honour to report in my despatch No. 270 of the 7th instant, called again to-day, and endeavoured to enlist my support of his scheme. He said that he was proceeding at once to London, where he hoped to secure the necessary financial assistance. He developed at greater length than on the former occasion the proposal for the introduction of steam navigation on the Yellow River. That river was, as he had reason to believe, navigable for vessels of 4 feet draught from Hsi Ning* to Tokto,† a distance of some 1,200 miles. He looked forward to the time when it would be navigated by steamers, not so large but quite as numerous as those which plied on the Yang-tsze below Hankow. As a complement to the water carriage, he hoped to obtain a concession for the construction of a railway from Tokto to Kalgan. This would revolutionize the trade of Tien-tsin by placing it in easy communication with the distant regions from which it draws the staples of its exports.\n\nI mentioned to Commandant Baesens my impression that the navigation of the Yellow River in this part of its course was seriously impeded by shoals, but he said that a German refugee had, during the troubles of 1900, gone all the way from Lanchow to Tokto on a raft, and found the depth of the water sufficient for vessels of small draught.\n\nI warned him that the scheme was not one which, in my opinion, would be likely to receive much official encouragement in London. It was difficult enough at the present moment to secure respect for engagements which rested upon the basis of Imperial sanction without embarking upon undertakings which had not been properly regularized or officially recognized.\n\n*Approximately 37° latitude and 102° longitude.  \n†Approximately 41° latitude and 111° longitude.\n\nI have, &c.  \n(Signed) J. M. JORDAN  \n[2621 m-3]",
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    {
        "id": 412594,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 354,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n## CONFIDENTIAL.\n\n38147\n\n[October 5.] TRESP SKOTIOR. 29 OCT 07,\n\n[33111]\n\n### No. 1.\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received October 5.)**\n\nPeking, August 20, 1907.\n\n**(No. 403.) Sir,**\n\nI HAVE the honour to forward to you herewith copies of a correspondence which has passed between Brigadier-General Waters, the General Officer Commanding the Troops in North China, and myself on the subject of the maintenance by the Chinese authorities of Chinese garrisons at different points on or close to the Peking-Tangku-Shanhaikuan Railway, and of their increase from time to time.\n\nIn view of the fact that there are no foreign troops now between Peking and Tien-tsin, I have given it as my opinion that we could scarcely object to the Chinese taking reasonable measures for safeguarding the railway, but I have pointed out that it would be advisable to continue to keep a watch upon any changes in the strength and composition of the Chinese troops at the stations.\n\nIn view of the attitude which the Viceroy has recently assumed towards the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, it seems to me especially desirable that a small body of British troops should be retained at Tongshan, and I have informed General Waters that I am prepared, if necessary, to solicit your approval of this suggestion by telegraph.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)  \n**J. N. JORDAN**\n\n### (No. 608. Confidential.) Sir.\n\n#### Inclosure I in No. 1.\n**General Waters to Sir J. Jordan.**\n\nHead-quarters Staff Office, North China Command, Tien-tsin, August 13, 1907.\n\nWhen the native city of Tien-tsin was handed over in 1902 by the Provisional (Foreign) Administration to the Chinese authorities, the sixth clause of the terms laid down on the 12th April, 1902, by the Allied Commanders of the foreign troops stated that: \"The Chinese garrisons now within less than 18 miles (30 kilom.) of the Peking-Tangku-Shanhaikuan Railway shall under no circumstances be increased. The Chinese Government will report their distribution and strength as on the 1st April (1902).\"\n\n2. There is no record in my office that the report in question was ever rendered by the Chinese Government, nor have I any evidence that the latter accepted as binding the views of the foreign Commanders.\n\n3. It has come to my knowledge lately that small bodies of Chinese troops have been stationed since 1904 at thirteen different points on or close to the Peking-Tangku-Shanhaikuan Railway. Inclosure 2 shows that eight of these thirteen posts were established as recently as June of this year, one of them, 100 men strong, being at that very important tactical locality, Yang-tsun, which is situated between Tien-tsin and Peking.\n\n4. There is no suggestion that any of these troops have been sent to their present quarters otherwise than in a straightforward manner. Indeed, the Chinese officer who commands the men at Lu-t'ai told the British Commandant there that it was intended to place Chinese troops along the railway with a view to protecting it from evilly disposed Chinese.\n\n5. At the same time the distribution of these Chinese forces, which, however, only amount to 1,035 men, and are of poor quality, is at variance with the terms laid down in 1902 by the Allied Commanders, who obviously intended to prevent a redistribution of the forces as they stood on the 1st April, 1902, because their stations as well as their numbers were to be reported by the Chinese Government.\n\n6. It is probable that the reason for the redistribution which I have mentioned is... \n\n[2692 e-2]  \n351",
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        "id": 416496,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 661,
        "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "654\n\nrepresent them. These arrangements were undertaken by Commandant Chang-pin-kao, to whom great credit is due.\n\nOf some thirty cases left, in about a third places and men had not been identified from the Chinese names given. The Deputy Commissioner has since inserted Shan as well as Chinese names in his complaints, and this procedure may facilitate settlements. Of the remainder, some cases were said to have been settled directly with the complainants; in others the accused were in British territory. It was arranged that some cases should be settled in accordance with Kachin custom, and the remainder were put back for various other reasons.\n\nThe Tengyueh Ting on arriving at Man-ai sent in a dozen complaints against Bhamo district, and protested because none of them were settled. He also proposed that if the Bhamo cases were not settled in three months they should be written off, but naturally I could not agree to the proposal.\n\nChen Kang. The present Taot'ai (Ch'in Shu Sheng) is a member of the \"Hsin Tang,\" which may be called the \"Young China\" party. Its chief aim is to be against the foreigner in everything, and its second is frankly revolutionary. The Taot'ai is unscrupulous and untrustworthy. When he was Prefect of Ch'u Ch'ing (lat. 25° 31′; long. 103° 43'), meetings were openly held in that town applauding the murderers of En Ming, the Anhui Governor, who was assassinated last year.\n\nCh'in Taot'ai received his present appointment in consequence of a signal act of discourtesy. The Yunnan Governor-General invited him to be present at a dinner to which he was inviting His Majesty's Consul-General at Yunnan-fu. Ch'in refused on the ground that the latter was a foreigner! The Governor-General was so impressed that he made him acting Taot'ai here. He bullies the General and the Ting by telling them he will report them to the Governor-General if they do not do exactly as he wishes, and he gives out that he receives daily private telegrams from his Excellency, which everybody knows is untrue.\n\nIt is worth noting that all the Chinese members of Sir Robert Hart's Customs staff here belong to the \"Hsin Tang.\"\n\nWenchow.\n\nCh'i Hsu, who was Prefect at this port in 1900, has again been appointed to the same office.\n\nHe was considered mainly responsible for the attacks on converts and the destruction of missionary property in the Wenchow district in 1900, and was fined 5,000 dollars as a punishment. He has since reformed, and is a friend of the missionaries, who believe in his sincerity. The facts that his son has been taught English and that his grandson is engaged to be married to the daughter of an Englishman would seem to bear out the opinion that his anti-foreign ideas have changed.\n\nChinese Press.\n\nShanghae-Hangchow-Ningpo Railway: Loan Agreement.\n\nThe \"Eastern Times,\" after publishing the text of the above Agreement, contains in its issue of the 15th March an article entitled \"Complete Defeat of the People.\"\n\nIn spite of the vaunted negotiations between the Government and the people, the Government, as things have turned out, has scored a double victory; it has avoided the appearance of harshness, but has got its own way just the same. Similarly, with regard to the people's defeat at the hands of the foreigners, since the publication of the Agreement it is seen that the people can do no better than the Government, and the foreigners score a double victory; they get their way, but can say that the loan has not been forced upon the people.\n\nBut, although the nation is utterly routed, defeat has been turned to victory before now, and there is hope that by success in future cases the disgrace of the present incident may be wiped out.\n\nIn the same issue this journal, reviewing the net results of all the negotiations, makes the following remarks:-\n\n1. The arrangement by which this line is to connect with the Shanghae-Nanking Railway, which, of course, will connect with the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze line, is like threading fish on a willow twig (for convenience in handing to others), the Provinces of Kiangsu and Chekiang representing the fish (to be eaten).\n\n2. The Agreement calls the railway an Imperial undertaking, while the Memorial calls it a private (mercantile) undertaking, i.e., for abroad it is Imperial, for home it is private. Why are the Chinese Commercial Companies thus hidden from sight like a man's mistress and not allowed to appear?\n\n3. Much has been said as to the loan and the railway being kept separate. But the stipulations in the Agreement that the Engineer-in-chief shall be British, that the surplus revenue of the line shall be deposited with the Hong Kong and Shanghae Banking Corporation, and that the railway accounts shall be kept in Chinese and English are all inconsistent with this statement.\n\nIn fine, the Agreement is dubbed an Agreement for the mutual hoodwinking of natives and foreigners, of higher and lower classes.\n\nThibet.\n\nThe \"Shun Tien Shih Pao\" of the 25th March contains the following as regards Thibet:-\n\nChang Ta Chien, the Assistant Amban, has telegraphed to the Grand Council, asking them to present a Memorial on his behalf with reference to the present state of affairs in Thibet. The following are the main points alluded to:---\n\n1. The object of the Viceroy of India in having trade marts opened is really to encroach on Thibetan territory, and we must take our precautions beforehand.\n\n2. The Thibetan people are gradually coming to regret their former attitude, and are desirous of returning to our allegiance. The only thing to be feared is that the Dalai Lama may prove troublesome, and it would be desirable to have the administration of the country put in order before his return.\n\n3. Chang Ta Ch'en proposes that over 100 cadets, who have finished their course in the military academies, should be sent to Thibet to assist in reorganization of army.\n\n4. He also makes the following suggestions with regard to the administration of Thibet:-\n\nThat the Dalai Lama should be given a higher Chinese rank, and should be paid a salary on a liberal scale.\n\nThat a special Board for the administration of Thibetan affairs should be established, having at its head a Prince or other officer of high rank and several subordinate officials.\n\nAs there is at present no army in Thibet, he suggests that some thousand men should be transferred there from Chihli,\n\nHe suggests that the funds required for military and police purposes, the development of mines, reclamation works, banks, &c., amounting to over 3,000,000 taels, should be furnished by the Board of Finance.\n\nThe Memorial has been sent for consideration to the Wai-wu Pu and Army Board. A Memorial on Thibetan affairs has also, it is stated, been submitted by the Amban, Lien Yu. He recommends that the project of making Thibet a province of China should be postponed for the present, but states that, owing to the excessive pretentions of the Dalai Lama and the insubordinate attitude of the Thibetan officials, the administration of the country is very difficult. He suggests that a special Commissioner should be sent to Thibet to organize the Government of the country. He complains that the 200,000 taels, for which he applied some time ago, have not been sent by the Board of Finance, and states that if Thibet is to be made into a province 200,000 or 300,000 taels will not be sufficient for the purpose.\n\nPolitical Societies and Meetings.\n\nRegulations for the control of societies and public meetings have been drawn up by the Bureau for the Study of Constitutional Reform (Hsien Cheng Pien Ch'a Kuan). These regulations refer more particularly to societies and public meetings having a political object, and provide that when it is proposed to establish such a society, or hold a public meeting, notice shall be sent to the local authorities or police. Soldiers, police officers, teachers, students in colleges, boys under 20, and all women, are not permitted to become members of a political society. Secret societies are forbidden, and the local authorities should always have the right to dissolve any society or disperse any public meeting which they consider dangerous to the public peace. Membership of a\n\n1\n\n2\n\n3",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
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    {
        "id": 416987,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 313,
        "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "2\n\nIn submitting this Memorial regarding the establishment of a printing office and of a military college, I have the honour to request the issue of your Majesties' instructions thereon.\n\nOn the 30th the following Imperial Rescript was issued:--\n\n\"Let these measures be carried out zealously so that good results may be obtained. Let the proper Board take note.\"\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[July 28.]\n\nSECTION 1.\n\n[26213]\n\nNo. 1.\n\nConsul Carlisle to Sir Edward Grey-(Received July 28.)\n\n(No. 9.) Sir,\n\nHanoi, June 23, 1908. IN continuation of my despatch No. 8 of the 8th instant, I have the honour to inform you that another and still more disastrous incident has occurred in connection with the disturbances on the Tonquin-Yunnan frontier, in which two French officers, two non-commissioned officers, and a number of native soldiers have lost their lives. On this occasion, however, the aggressors were not Chinese Government troops, but a band of revolutionaries.\n\nVery few details are known here at present, and the Government is reticent about the matter, but the following facts seem certain:--\n\nAbout the 16th instant, news arrived here that a large band of revolutionaries had evaded the vigilance of the French and crossed with their arms into Tonquin. Orders were at once given for troops to be sent to locate and disarm them. On the 18th Commandant Lecreux, with a force composed of Tirailleurs Tonquinois, arrived at a place called Yen Binh Xa, about 50 miles nearly due east of Laokay, and sent a message to the revolutionaries, who were heard of in the neighbourhood, to come and surrender. On the evening of the same day two detachments of tirailleurs, who had been apparently working independently, effected a junction at a place called Ban-Mang, which I have been unable to find on the maps, but which is in the neighbourhood of Yen Binh Xa. They numbered in all 150 men, under two French lieutenants. At Bau-Mang they found a party of 150 Chinese revolutionaries with some seventy rifles. The Chinese surrendered their arms without difficulty, and camped alongside the French force as their prisoners. During the night, however, the main party of revolutionaries, estimated at 600 rifles, came up and surrounded the camp and demanded the restoration to them of the arms taken. This, of course, the French officers refused. At daybreak the Chinese opened a murderous fire. Apparently the French force had not camped in a place suitable for defence, for it was practically annihilated. The two lieutenants and two of the European sergeants were killed, and two other sergeants were taken prisoners, and a number of the Annamite rank and file, variously stated as from fifty to 120, were killed. Some of the Annamites were taken prisoners and the rest escaped as best they could.\n\nOn the 21st the revolutionaries advanced on the post at Yen Binh Xa, and sent a demand to the Commandant to be allowed to pass. This was refused, and they opened fire. The tirailleurs in the post, however, replied vigorously, and the Chinese broke up and fled into the hills. During this engagement one of the French sergeants and five tirailleurs who had been captured at Ban-Mang succeeded in escaping and rejoining the French. The other sergeant had escaped or been released previously.\n\nIt is said that Yen Binh Xa has now been reinforced by a company of the Foreign Legion. Travelling in the district is extremely difficult at this time of year.\n\nThe population of Laokay has been somewhat alarmed during these events. The Chinese troops at Hokou are reported to have been putting the place hurriedly into a state of defence, and there seems to have been an idea that the revolutionaries might come down through Tonquin and attack Hokou again from the side of Laokay. \"In reply to telegrams from Laokay (where the civilians had taken steps towards the raising of a volunteer force) a company of colonial infantry has been sent up there.\n\nIt seems, indeed, that the authorities were somewhat premature in withdrawing all the white troops from the district immediately after the recapture of Hokou from the revolutionaries.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) T. FE CARLISLE.\n\n[1865 ee-1]\n\n310",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt",
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    {
        "id": 421221,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 10,
        "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## Decrees issued on November 15, 1908\n\nremains. Now that His late Majesty has departed this life, we decree that all Tartar-Generals, Governors-General, Governors, Manchu Lieutenant-Generals and Deputy Lieutenant-Generals, Commanders-in-chief, Brigade-Generals, and Military Commandants, the Military Governors of the Western and Northern Provinces, Provincial Treasurers, Directors of Education, Salt Commissioners, Superintendents of Customs and of Imperial Manufactories, and other officers shall not apply for permission to come to the capital for the purpose of paying their respects to the Imperial remains, as their posts would thereby be left vacant. It is incumbent on these officers to show the utmost zeal in the performance of their duties, and thereby, rather than by empty phrases, prove themselves worthy of the responsibilities intrusted to them.\n\nLet general instructions to this effect be issued.\n\n## Appointments for Mourning Rites\n\nNovember 15, 1908.\n\nPrinces Su and No-lo-ho, Duke Po-ti-su, Military Lieutenant-Governor of the Khor-ch'in tribe, the Assistant Grand Secretaries Jung-ching and Lu-ch'uan-lin, Lu Jun-hsiang, President of the Board of Civil Office, the Comptroller of the Household, Kuei-chun, the Senior Vice-President of the Board of Rites, and Ching-hou are directed to make all arrangements in connection with the mourning rites of Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager.\n\n## Decrees issued on November 16, 1908\n\nIn addition to the Princes and officers already nominated, Prince Kung and P'u-t'ing, President of the Board of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, are directed to assist in carrying out the mourning rites for Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager.\n\nOn the occasion of the death of Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager, the Governors-General, Governors, and other high provincial officers, having all their respective duties to attend to, should not apply for permission to come to the capital for the purpose of paying their respects to the Imperial remains, but should display their zeal by exerting themselves to the utmost in the transaction of the affairs of the State rather than by means of mere ceremonies and phrases.\n\nIt is fitting that the gates of the Forbidden City should be guarded with the utmost care and reverence, and repeated instructions have been issued to the high officer responsible to prohibit the entrance of unauthorized persons, and to have a close watch kept on all entering or leaving the forbidden precincts. In spite, however, of these reiterated commands there has recently been some laxity in the enforcement of the prohibition, and it is therefore necessary to issue a further injunction on the subject. The Commandants of the Vanguard, the Captain-General of the Guards, and the Comptroller of the Household are directed to instruct the troops on duty that they must display the utmost vigilance and prevent the entrance or exit of unauthorized persons falsely claiming to be on official business. Should there continue to be any remissness after the issue of the present Decree, the high officer responsible will be severely punished.\n\n## Decree of the Empress Dowager\n\nOfficers on daily duty in the Imperial Palace are directed, in accordance with precedent, to reside and sleep within the Palace; no other officers of any description are permitted to do so.\n\n## Decree of the Emperor\n\nMembers of Her late Majesty the August Empress Dowager's own family are directed to wear full mourning during a period of 100 days.\n\n## Decrees of the Emperor, November 17, 1908\n\nEulogizes His late Majesty, and commands that a suitable posthumous title for his reign shall be composed, in accordance with custom.\n\nThe chief points noted in regard to the deceased Emperor and his reign are that throughout thirty-four years His late Majesty devoted all his care and attention to State affairs, under the guidance of the late Empress Dowager; that he kept a check over the officials, from whom he exacted conscientious labour; that he always showed solicitude for the welfare of the people; and that he inaugurated many reforms in education, the army, finance, currency, the pacification of frontier tribes, the cultivation of waste lands, the encouragement of trade and industry, the introduction of new weights and measures, the development of posts, shipping, railways, mines, &c. By honouring the memory of Confucius His Majesty paid respect for the past. By making Commercial Treaties foreign relations were cemented. With due regard for national customs and beliefs the Penal Code was revised. The differences between Manchus and Chinese were composed. All these steps led towards the establishment of constitutional government after nine years.\n\n## Decree\n\nHis late Majesty having selected no place of burial, let P'an Lun and Ch'en Pi proceed with diviners to the Eastern and Western Tombs and reverently investigate the location of a site.\n\nLet them prepare plans and a Report for submission to the Throne.\n\n## Decree\n\nCh'en Pin Chun and other physicians to His late Majesty are degraded two steps in rank.\n\n## Decree\n\nChang Chung Yuan and others, officials of the Imperial College of Physicians, are degraded but allowed to remain in office.\n\n## Decree received by the Grand Secretariat, November 18, 1908\n\nThe Princes and Ministers have represented to us the difficulties involved in three years' mourning, and have begged that the old rule may be followed.\n\nIn perusing the Memorial our grief has been increased. We have inherited His late Majesty's high estate, and even if we bore mourning throughout our whole life it would still be an insufficient recognition of the favour which has been bestowed upon us. How can it be said that three years' mourning suffices to demonstrate our affliction or to discharge the ceremonial observance of our loss? Moreover, three years' mourning is the right of every parent, from the lowliest to the Son of Heaven. It is so written in the Book of Rites, and how should we dare to disobey? If we dispensed with mourning after twenty-seven days our conscience would verily rebel!\n\nLet officials and people mourn in accordance with the old rule (i.e., twenty-seven days). We will verily follow the ancient rule and mourn for three years.\n\n[Note. The significance of this Decree is shaken by the discovery that it is textually the same as one issued in 1875 by the late Emperor under similar circumstances. TRANSLATOR.]\n\n## Decree\n\nPromotes various concubines of the late Emperor, and grants them each an allowance of 500 taels per mensem.\n\n## Decree\n\nTang Shao Yi memorializes by telegraph, asking whether his Imperial letter for the American President should be changed, and suggesting the alteration of the last character in his name. [“Yi,\" which is the same as the last character in the new Emperor's name, “P'u-Yi.”—TRANSLATOR.]\n\nLet the Board take note.\n\n## Decree handed to the Grand Secretariat, November 18, 1908\n\nTo-day the Grand Council received the mark of the Vermilion Pencil selecting the two characters \"Hsun-Tung\" [the Proclaimed Succession] as the title of the new reign.",
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    {
        "id": 423191,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 594,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## The time passed on, however, without the rebel chief making overtures for his surrender-which, by the way, the authorities had announced must be unconditional. \nTowards the end of June it was reported that he had left his hiding-place in the jungle and come into the province of Phuc-yen, which has been for some time in a very disturbed condition. This rumour was shortly proved true in a sufficiently startling fashion. On the 5th July a Frenchman named Voisin, employé of a contractor for bridge-building, was seized by Ca-rinh, the De-Tham's chief lieutenant and adopted son, on the high road near the village of Velinh, some 16 miles only as the crow flies from Hanoi. Two motor-cars, one of them containing the resident of the province, which passed along the road shortly afterwards, were also fired on by the brigands, but escaped. The De-Tham himself was in the neighbourhood, and Voisin was brought to join him that night. A force of militia which was at hand might have attacked the band, but did not do so, Voisin having sent to the officer in command a letter, dictated by the De-Tham, stating he would be at once killed if the militia advanced.\n\nThe Government decided to take energetic measures in consequence of Voisin's abduction. The Dê-Tham was told that the only condition which would be granted to him was that his life would be spared if he gave Voisin up, but that if any harm happened to the Frenchman, the relations of the De-Tham in captivity in Phu-lang-thuong would answer for it. A column of two companies of European and two companies of native troops, with a portion of the Foreign Legion, artillery, and all the militia and irregular \"partisans\" available, was put under the orders of Commandant Chofflet, who was given full powers, civil and military, in the troubled district. This column closed round the village of Lang-Lai, whither the band had retired after the capture of Voisin, and where they had established themselves in a temple. The De-Tham had with him probably 100 men with rifles, and twenty or thirty carriers. Before the investment was actually complete, the Dê-Tham, profiting by a storm on the night of the 13th July, succeeded in passing through the lines and escaping with all his men and his prisoner. Commandant Chofflet executed several of the inhabitants of the village for complicity with the rebels, and burned some temples. This escape of the Dê-Tham came as a disappointment to Hanoi, where great hopes had been placed upon the new column.\n\nOn the 19th July, a small outlying party of brigands, numbering six men and a woman, were reported from the village of Lap-chi. Fifty men of the Legion and fifty militia were dispatched to search for them the next morning. The brigands were concealed in a sort of trench or cavern, and fired on the men of the Legion before the latter had discovered them. One légionnaire was killed and three or four seriously wounded. The brigands made a vigorous defence, but were all destroyed, being smoked to death in their hole.\n\nOn the 22nd July, the Dê-Tham and his band, said to number 102 rifles, were reported to have appeared suddenly in the village of Xuan Lai, about 3 miles east of Phu-lo. Troops were immediately dispatched there, and arrived about midday. The Dé-Tham commenced negotiations through the intermediary of Voisin, who was still with him, but as these were evidently merely to gain time they were broken off. The artillery bombarded the Catholic church in which the chief had made his headquarters. During the afternoon the Dê-Tham burned the village, executed several of the inhabitants, and took others prisoners for having told the French of his presence. Troops continued to arrive, and by evening the investment seemed to be complete, but the commandant postponed the attack until the next morning. About 11 P.M., however, it was found that the band had left, and once more got away intact. It has transpired since that it marched openly and with determination on a point of the investing line which was only held by native troops, and these gave way at once on the mere sight of the enemy without firing a shot. The De-Tham's party seems to have suffered no casualties on this day, and the French had only three or four militiamen wounded early in the engagement.\n\nThe commandant, however, speedily got information this time of the direction taken by the band, and started in pursuit. On the 25th, Hanoi was astonished to hear that Voisin had been released unconditionally by the Dê-Thum the previous night. He had been ill for some days and unable to walk, and had been carried in a litter. During the night he was suddenly, without explanation, deposited on the road and left. In the morning he dragged himself to a neighbouring village, and he was brought down to Hanoi by train the same day. I may mention that some of the Saigon journals have published suggestions that Voisin was really in secret relations with the De-Tham, and therefore never in any danger, but there appears to be no foundation whatever for these extraordinary rumours.\n\nThe release of Voisin seemed to presage the approaching surrender of the De-Tham, but the public was soon undeceived. On the 25th, the troops came up with the rebels at the village of Hien-luong. The colonial infantry and Foreign Legion attacked with much dash, and met with but little opposition until they found themselves at about 5 P.M. in a swamp, at the other side of which was a sort of rampart hidden by bamboos. From this position a murderous fire opened on the French, who were unable to advance, and in a short time a captain and thirteen European soldiers were killed and some forty wounded. The troops found such shelter as they could, and were not able to withdraw until darkness came on without abandoning their dead and wounded and exposing themselves to the enemy's fire. This, however, prevented the French artillery from bombarding the position. The Annamite tirailleurs are said to have again behaved very badly on this occasion. This affair, happening only some 14 miles from Hanoi, made a very painful impression here, but at first the French population comforted itself with the thought that the Dê-Tham had suffered even more heavily. The report went that about half his band had been destroyed, although it was a suspicious fact that no bodies were found and no rifles taken. It appears now certain that the losses of the band were extremely small, not more than five or six killed, if, indeed, there were any, and that, as a matter of fact, it succeeded in carrying off eight rifles belonging to killed or wounded Frenchmen.\n\nThe De-Tham evacuated Hien-luong that night. The next day, the 26th, the tirailleurs, with a European detachment in support, came into contact with what is believed to have been only his rear-guard at the village of Ninhbac. Four or five tirailleurs were killed and an equal number of the enemy, but the main body withdrew. The French did not continue the pursuit.\n\nSince then there has been no contact between the French and the Dê-Tham. He has completely disappeared, and there are the most divergent rumours as to his whereabouts. The special powers accorded to Commandant Chofflet have been withdrawn, and an influential Annamite functionary, the Tong-doc Le Hoan, an old adversary of the Dê-Tham, has been entrusted with the reduction to order of the province of Phuc-yen. He has received special powers and rank from the Annamite Court to that effect, and has enrolled a corps of 300 or 400 \"partisans\" who are to live on the country, and are expected to succeed in tracking down the Dê-Tham. This step had really been decided upon before the unfortunate affair at Hien-luong, but, coming as it does, it has proved very galling to the army here, and certainly is not calculated to enhance French military prestige in the eyes of the natives. It seems probable that some time will now elapse before the Dê-Tham is definitely brought to book.\n\nIn the meanwhile, however, another affair has occurred which, though apparently not directly connected with the De-Tham, has created a profound impression here. On the night of the 2nd instant the militia post at Hoa-hinh, capital of a province, about 50 miles from Hanoi, was attacked by natives, captured, and sacked. The post was occupied by about sixty native militia. They had had strangers in their quarters gambling with them during the night, and it is supposed that these had drugged some of the militia. At all events the assailants, who are said to have numbered about 100, attacked the garrison with knives and choppers only. The European inspector heard a noise, came out, and tried to rally his men; he was killed and cut to pieces. The four European civilians in the place hid, and then escaped by boat down the river.\n\nFour or five of the militia were killed and a few wounded; the rest fled in every direction. The robbers broke open the gaol and released the prisoners; they took all the arms in the place to the number of about 150 rifles and carbines, about 2,000 dollars in cash, and 5,000 dollars worth of opium, and then left. Up to the time of writing they have not been found, though they are said to have entrenched themselves in a village on the road from Hoa-binh to Hadong. The affair is believed not to be the work of the De-Tham, but to be an act of vengeance caused by the alleged unjust arrest of certain natives. However, it gives a poor impression of the value of the militia who garrison most of the small stations up-country, and it is most unfortunate coming just at this juncture.\n\nOther parts of the country are also disturbed, namely, Dong-Trieu, north of the Haiphong-Hanoi railway line, and Luc-Nam, east of the Yen-the. In both of these districts there are bands of marauders at large, among whom there are said to be a certain number of Chinese. Near Laokay, also, there has recently been an alarm caused by a band of Chinese raiders (probably workmen discharged from the railway), but this does not seem to be serious.\n\nAt present many rumours are current in Hanoi, and the papers even speak of the possibility of a general rising. There was an alarm on the night of the 6th, and the troops were all kept in barracks. Every night parties of military patrol the roads round.\n\nPage 532",
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        "id": 428240,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 165,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n(1973)\n\nNo. 1.\n\n163\n\nсо\n\n[January 18, 1910] SECT RES\n\nTRES 3 FEB 10.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received January 18, 1910.)\n\n(No. 492.) Sir,\n\nPeking, December 29, 1909. IN my despatch No. 436 of the 26th ultimo I commented at length upon the dismissal of Tuan Fang and the intrigues in the Palace, of which it is an outward sign.\n\nI now have the honour to transmit to you herewith copy of a despatch from His Majesty's consul-general at Tien-tsin on this subject. The frequent changes in the Viceroyalty of Chih-li constitute, as Mr. Fulford points out, a great hindrance to the transaction of public business, and I have already had occasion to comment on this feature of the situation in my despatch No. 434 of the 24th ultimo respecting the affairs of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company.\n\nCopies of a memorial by the present Viceroy at Nanking and of an Imperial decree concerning Tuan Fang's dismissal are enclosed herewith.\n\nIt is generally believed that the publication of these documents was an after-thought on the part of the Prince Regent to justify a step which has given rise to much dissatisfaction.\n\nEnclosure in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n(No. 80.) Sir,\n\nConsul-General Fulford to Sir J. Jordan,\n\nTien-tsin, December 20, 1909. I HAD the honour to report in my telegram of the 24th ultimo the dismissal of the Viceroy Tuan Fang.\n\nThe Treasurer of the province, Ts'ui Yung-an, having been appointed Acting Viceroy, arrived in Tien-tsin from Pao Ting Fu on the 27th ultimo, and was at the railway station on the departure of Tuan for Peking, which took place the same day.\n\nAs a proof of the genuine sympathy felt for Tuan, I would mention that apparently the entire body of Chinese Tien-tsin officials were present at the station to see him off. The consular body, the commandants of foreign troops, and many leading foreign residents were also there to wish the ex-Viceroy good-bye. Such a manifestation towards a fallen leader on the part of Chinese officialdom is unique in my experience.\n\nI have heard but one opinion on all sides, Chinese and foreign, with regard to the dismissal of Tuan, and that is surprise and indignation that so able a public servant should be deprived of the opportunity of working for his country on so trivial a pretext as the one alleged.\n\nTo turn to another aspect of such treatment of China's best officials, it does not conduce to satisfactory arrangement of international questions in this important centre that there should be such constant changes of the pivot of all progress. In the course of the last eight months, since my arrival in Tien-tsin, we have had four occupants of the vice-regal position. We shall soon have the fifth, and it is freely rumoured that his appointment is only temporary.\n\nIt is not surprising that difficulties appear to be experienced in finding suitable men for the post, liable, as it seems to be, to the caprices of Palace intrigue, and no doubt tenable only at the cost of large \"presents\" to influential persons about the Court.\n\n23\n\nThe Acting Viceroy Ts'ui, after some hesitation and suggestion that the consuls should pay him the first call, called upon the consuls on the 10th instant.\n\nHe did not, however, himself write to the consuls to announce his arrival, but the Customs Taotai did so by his orders. This has become the practice in Tien-tsin.\n\n* Not printed.\n\n[2605 -3]",
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    {
        "id": 428687,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 28,
        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "2\n\nfound in a field. He had a slight but not mortal bullet wound, and had apparently been strangled to death--by whom it is not known.\n\nThese two affairs, small as they were, had a somewhat disquieting effect on the French population of Hanoi. The desperate nature of the resistance offered by this handful of men and their success in holding out for so long against largely superior French forces seemed to show a considerable change in the conditions since the time of the conquest of Tonkin twenty-five years before.\n\nOn the 28th August an anti-French plot was discovered at Hanoi, and several arrests were made, five of the accused being subsequently sentenced, by administrative measure without trial, to deportation for ten years. A secret society amongst the servants of Europeans was also brought to light, among the members of which were certain individuals who had already been suspected of complicity in the plot for poisoning the garrison during the summer of 1908, but who had escaped conviction.\n\nOn the 31st August the command of the column against the Dê-Tham was withdrawn from Commandant Chofflet and given to Commandant Bonifacy. On the 5th September a band of fifteen rifles under the command of Ca-rinh, the De-Tham's principal lieutenant, was reported some 3 miles west of Phuc-Yen. On the 6th they were attacked at the village of Yen-Lo by a force despatched by Commandant Bonifacy, consisting of a company of colonial infantry, a company of tirailleurs, a detachment of the Legion, and a section of artillery. The fighting lasted all day, and the band was more than half destroyed, their losses being said to be nine killed and one prisoner. The French loss was, however, also serious, consisting of three Europeans and one tirailleur killed in action, three Europeans dead from sun-stroke, and four Europeans and five tirailleurs wounded.\n\nThe De-Tham himself was at this time in the mountainous region between the Day River and the Rivière Claire, and his intention was to cross the latter stream, and eventually to gain the Province of Thanh-Hoa in North Annam. The river was, however, effectively patrolled, and a move in this direction was prevented. At the end of September, the De-Tham's position being accurately known, the Kham Sai and the column of troops—amounting to some 3,000 men in all—left the province of Phuc-Yen and concentrated in the north of the province of Vinh-Yen.\n\nIn the meantime, on the 26th September, the band of Kiem, (who on the 2nd August, had sacked the militia post at Hoa-Binh, as recounted in my despatch above-mentioned) had attacked another post of militia at Hoa-lae in the Sontay province. The band was repulsed after having killed four militiamen and wounded seven. Kiem did not, however, act in conjunction with the Dê-Tham.\n\nOn the 5th October Commandant Bonifacy attacked the latter's force. It had strongly entrenched itself in a ravine on the south-west side of the Nui-Lang mountain. The position was an extremely difficult one to attack and the French soldiers underwent great hardships. The De-Tham is said to have had seventy rifles engaged in the affair. His actual losses as far as could be ascertained were six killed, two wounded, and one prisoner, but his morale was badly shaken as he had thought himself secure. The band broke up and escaped in the night, the members dispersing in different directions. It has never re-assembled since. A portion of the attacking force was for four hours at twenty-five yards from the enemy's fire. It is not to be wondered at therefore that the French loss was serious---eight Europeans and eleven natives killed and thirty-four wounded. The evacuating of the wounded on Vietri was extremely difficult owing to the nature of the country and the troops were absolutely exhausted, all idea of pursuing the enemy being impossible.\n\n3\n\nThe De-Tham with a few followers left the Nui-Lang mountains and recrossed the Day. Bonifacy moved his column into the Tam-Dao region. The fight at Nui-Lang had evidently had a disheartening effect on the rebels and several of them came in and made their submission. On the 24th October the Dê-Tham's principal lieutenant, Ca-rinh, with six of his followers surrendered to the Kham Sai. This was a serious loss to the rebel chief. He gradually worked his way back through the province of Thai-Nguyen to his former district in the Yen-thé of which he had been for years the virtual ruler. On the 25th November he was definitely signalled there. On the 1st December a notable capture was made in the person of his third wife. This woman is a veritable Amazon; she took a personal and active part in most of the recent engagements, carrying a rifle herself and sometimes, it is said, commanded detachments on foraging and reconnoitring expeditions. A couple of days later the leader himself was nearly caught and an individual of his party was killed, who proved to be none other than the cook who had been the principal instrument in the plot to poison the Hanoi garrison in 1908. Numerous other submissions now took place and the position improved so far that early in December the greater part of the military column (which had been formed after the kidnapping of M. Voisin in July) could be sent back to garrison duty.\n\nAt the end of December the military authorities had to turn their attention to the Yunnan frontier. About 100 Chinese soldiers, at an isolated post, mutinied, and crossed into Tonkin with arms and ammunition. It was feared that they might repeat the exploits of the \"Reformists\" from Yunnan in the summer of 1908, and prompt measures were taken to deal with them. Troops were sent to bar their advance, and they were called upon to submit. They refused to do so, and announced their intention of marching across Tonkin. On the morning of the 5th January they were attacked and put to flight, losing sixteen killed and seventeen wounded. Unfortunately, on the French side a captain was killed and four men wounded. Further reinforcements were sent up and the remnants of the band were disposed of. A good many were killed, others were driven back across the frontier, and some were captured and handed over to the Chinese authorities, who executed them.\n\nMeanwhile, operations on a small scale had for some time been in progress against the band of Kiem, the sacker of Hoa-Binh. These operations were brought to a close at the end of December, when eighty of the rebels had made their submission. There had been little or no serious fighting; the French had had one man severely wounded, and the \"pirates\" had lost eight killed and five wounded. On the 13th January the chief, Kiem himself, surrendered, the only terms given him being that his life should be spared. It is believed that he was partly led to submit by the apparently generous fashion in which Ca-rinh and the other surrendered partisans of the De-Tham were being treated. To them also the Government had only guaranteed their lives, but they had been left in provisional liberty under the surveillance of the provincial authorities. Ca-rinh himself had, indeed, been treated with many marks of distinction. Five days after Kiem's surrender, however, Ca-rinh and some sixty other surrendered rebels, who had been left in the Yen-thé district, together with the third wife of the De-Tham, were simultaneously put into close arrest, brought by special train to Hanoi, and locked up in the prison there. Kiem and his followers have been similarly dealt with. The De-Tham probably congratulates himself on not having trusted to appearances.\n\nHe is still believed to be wandering in the Yen-thé jungle with one or two faithful attendants. The Kham Sai, having failed to effect his capture, was recalled on the 1st March and his band of \"partisans\" dispersed. The remains of Commandant Bonifacy's column were also broken up, the commandant himself, however, remaining to administer the Yen-thế. The pursuit is now entrusted to the militia, who are endeavouring to bring it to an end before the beginning of the hot weather. It is possible that the Dê-Tham might again cause trouble if not disposed of before the heat renders difficult active operations on the part of white troops, but it is not likely that he would still enjoy the prestige which a year ago gave him the support of a great part of the population in the provinces of Yen-thé and Phuc-Yen. On the whole, it appears that M. Klobukowski, the Governor-General (who is now in France), is quite justified in describing the affair of the Dê-Tham as virtually at an end.\n\nI enclose a rough sketch-map showing the relative positions of the principal places mentioned in this despatch.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nT. Ff. CARLISLE.\n\n26",
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        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "attended out of 3,000. The taotai again repeated that I might calm my fears as no trouble would ensue.\n\nOn the 13th April I sent for and warned Mr. Gregory, of the Polytechnic, who assured me that the students, if silent, appeared peaceful.\n\nThe same evening at 7:15 P.M. a telephone message came from the governor to the consulate asking me to request Commandant Yang, of the river guard-boats, to send reinforcements to the South Gate as there was a serious disturbance just outside the city.\n\nAt 7:30 this warning was repeated and, as I was dining on board the steam-ship Siangtan, I requested Commandant Yang to keep a man at our telephone. I went right through the city within fifty yards of the governor's yamên and right past the door of the taotai's yamên where there was a big crowd assembled. No notice was taken of me except one man, on seeing my chair pass, called out \"The British consul,\" and laughed heartily.\n\nAt 8-15 I received a letter from Dr. Hume, telling me of the riot, and asking if I was aware of it. I replied that I was fully informed, but that he need have no cause for apprehension, as I had the governor's assurance that full protection would be afforded.\n\nDr. Hume followed this up with another note, stating that the governor's yamên was being attacked. I thereupon went to the customs office and telephoned to the governor's yamên for information. I was told that about 2,000 men were in the yamên making a disturbance and demanding that the price of rice should be officially lowered. I stated that I was returning through the city and should pass near the yamên, and asked if it were safe; to which the reply came that it was perfectly safe, as the crowd would soon disperse. I then sent for Mr. Kwok, who, knowing of the trouble, repeated the assurance that I could easily pass through the city, though he qualified this remark when I asked him if it would not be wiser to return by water.\n\nI then returned to the steamer, and on arrival was met by one of the men of the consulate guard-boat, who begged me to return by water and to avoid the city, as the riot was very serious.\n\nI thereupon returned to the consulate and telephoned to the governor for more information. On being told that the rioters were still in the yamên, I telephoned to the taotai and asked him to send troops to all the missions to protect them. He replied that this had been done. I also asked whether, as a sign of friendship, and to help the officials in a difficult position, I should not telegraph to you to send one of His Majesty's ships. He replied that it was unnecessary to send a ship on account of the rice riot, but that if one was leaving I might as well ask it come at once. I thereupon sent my first telegram to Mr. Fraser, informing him of what had happened.\n\nI again asked the taotai whether troops had actually gone to the missions, and again received an affirmative reply.\n\nAt 2 A.M. the next morning, the 14th April, Mr. Warren, of the Wesleyan Mission, came to me and informed me that his mission had been burnt to the ground, and that all the members had only just managed to escape through the back door. They had fled to the West Gate, and were there kept in the guard-house until the gate could be opened, when they passed out unhurt. I at once sent my wife and child and Mrs. Cooke, who lived near to us, across to the island, and sent a message to Captain Agassiz to retain his ship. I again telephoned to the taotai, who replied that the destruction of the Wesleyan Mission must have been an accident, and that all other missions were being protected by troops.\n\nAt 3.30 A.M. a message came from Dr. Keller, of the China Inland Mission, that his mission and the Norwegian Mission had gone; that he was safe in a yamên, but that the Norwegians were fleeing for their lives. I then sent a messenger to every mission in the city to tell the members to leave as quickly as possible, and to get on board the steamers. I also telephoned to Mr. Gregory in the Polytechnic to leave by the East Gate, and to find his way to the consulate or to General Yang's camp. I further sent river guard-boatmen into the city, and gave them money to get covered chairs and bring the people to the consulate or to the steamer. I cannot speak too highly of the work done by these men. They went with the consulate writer repeatedly into the city, and did all in their power to get the people out quietly, and I think that the fact that no lives were lost is not only due to an apparent and inexplicable care on the part of the rioters that no lives should be sacrificed, but also to the prompt and skilful assistance they rendered.\n\nAt 9 A.M. I telephoned for, and got, the governor's launch, and she has rendered great assistance ever since. The launch was handed over quite unreservedly, and her \"lac yeh\" told to put himself entirely under my orders.\n\nAt 6 A.M. a detachment of the regular troops came to the consulate, and I was told that a large force had been sent into the city, and that order would be restored. At 10 A.M. General Yang sent an aide-de-camp well known to me, who assured me that the general could protect me if I went to his camp; but I felt that I ought to stay where I was most use to the whole community.\n\nAt noon the second-in-command of the guard-boats came to me to say that the governor's yamên was on fire, and that protection could no longer be afforded. He said that the message came from the governor direct, and he urged me to leave at once. He further stated that property would be preserved if we would leave the mainland. As I was strongly of opinion that the loss of one life would seriously prejudice the whole situation, I followed the advice, and after seeing everyone else embarked, I abandoned the consulate and went to the steam-ship \"Siangtan.\"\n\nI then requested the captain of the steam-ship \"Changwo\" to move down the river to opposite the consulate, in case any foreigners had been forgotten, and in case two, who had refused to leave until I wrote a personal note, should make for the consulate.\n\nAt that time the steam-ship \"Siangtan\" was lying alongside her bulk, but the Chinese began pouring on board in such numbers that I thought it advisable to move into the stream. At this time several places, including the governor's yamên, were blazing. We had only just moved from the hulk when we heard firing from the yamên, and hoped that orders had finally been given to put down the disturbance by force. I heard subsequently what happened. On the approach of the mob, with enormous torches, the general gave the order to fire, and one or two volleys were fired, by which about nine were killed. The treasurer thereupon threw himself at the feet of the general and implored him to cease fire, and at the same time the gentry coerced the governor. The result was that the governor put out a proclamation that the soldiers would not fire. This was promptly torn down. The treasurer then put out the order, and this was respected. After the issue of the treasurer's proclamation an officer of the governor's body-guard dared to give an order to fire, which one soldier obeyed; both were promptly executed. All this time the regular troops stood up against volleys of large bricks and tiles, and sustained about 120 casualties, all, I am told, more or less severe. One of the regular troops then said if they might not use rifles they could use swords, and killed a looter; but this was also forbidden, and from this moment a slow, deliberate, methodical destruction of property commenced.\n\nAt 4 P.M., as too many Chinese were still flocking to the \"Siangtan,\" I asked the captain to drop down to the consulate, and there we transferred passengers for Hankow on to the \"Changwo.\"\n\nAt 6:30 P.M., while we were about 50 yards from the Bund, the mob, just having completed the destruction of the London Mission, came to the consulate. They were headed, as I was told by one or two eye-witnesses, by a gang of men dressed all in black—black short coats opening in the front, black short trousers with broad white bands round their ankles. They were provided with implements to destroy houses, and the consulate writer, who watched the destruction of the London Mission, told me they went about their work with quietness and method. He said they were certainly not Changsha men, were from 20 to 30 years of age, very emaciated and with black faces. The officer in charge of the river guard-boats, of which there were eight, in addition to about sixty of the regular troops, came and asked me for permission to fire, but as I had all archives, English and Chinese, and the cyphers safe, I requested him to tell the heads of the looters they were free to enter the consulate and burn or loot it, provided they took special precautions that no lives were lost. I also asked him to move the guard-boats from the Bund to give proof of my intentions. He returned and executed all I had said. He added, however, that all the men of the river guard-boats were personally fond of me, and it seems that the villagers echoed this statement and made an earnest appeal to leave the property alone. The mob then asked the consulate gate-keeper, who kept the flag flying the whole time till the return of His Majesty's ship \"Thistle\" on the 17th, to open the main gate. This being done, they then asked him to hang out lamps, and the gate-keeper hung out the large consulate lamps. The mob never even entered the gate, and throughout the whole time not a single article of any kind whatsoever was touched in the building. The mob, it is interesting to note, then went and raided\n\n[2751 -4]\n\n216",
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        "title": "CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "6\n\nMr. Cooke's house, just behind the consulate, and from there proceeded to the Roman Catholic Mission, an enormous property, which they burnt out completely.\n\nBeing informed by Messrs. Butterfield and Swire's agent that it had been determined to fire on the two steamers from the city wall, from which they were well within range, I considered it advisable to drop about 1 mile downstream. We did this, and during the night the steam-ship \"Kian\" arrived and anchored beside us.\n\nBetween 6:30 P.M. of the 14th and 4 A.M. of the 15th all the property on the river front was destroyed, including the godowns and hulks of Messrs. Butterfield and Swire and of Messrs. Jardine, Matheson, and Co., and also the customs-house. The work, I am told by eye-witnesses, was performed by at most twenty men, all the others being onlookers, and no attempt was made to stop it. The Japanese property, which is largely financed by Hunanese, was left untouched. During the night the Japanese consul and his staff, together with other Japanese, escaped via their hulk, where troops were stationed, to Chinese boats, but waited till next day to join their steamer which was anchored near me.\n\nOn the 15th April at 3:30 A.M. a fire-boat passed the steam-ship \"Siangtan.\" The boat had obviously been filled with oil and was burning brightly; but it passed nowhere near the ship, and no other came.\n\nAt about 10 A.M. the Commissioner of Customs and his staff went up in the launch to see the damage done to the customs buildings and to guard their property on the island. Their arrival was the signal for the burning of the hotel, kept by a Chinaman, in which some of the members of the outdoor staff lived. It was not very long before I got a letter and a personal message from the treasurer that their presence was exciting the people, and that he would protect all property if I would persuade them to leave. I consequently urged Mr. Wakefield to retire, and as he had received a letter from the treasurer to say his property would be kept intact, he finally consented to abandon his position.\n\nAs the Chinese passengers on the \"Siangtan\" declared they would create a disturbance if we did not leave, and about the same time I received positive information from the river guard-boats and Captain Agassiz from the compradore of the firm that an organised attack on the steamers had been prepared, oil-boats and hand-grenades having been seen, and that all property having been destroyed they were the next objective, I felt, in view of all that had happened, that this warning could not be disregarded, and decided to move about 12 miles down out of sight of, though within touch of, the city. The Japanese consul not only endorsed this view, but stated, through his vice-consul, that it was not a riot but a revolution, and that he intended to go straight to Hankow whatever my course might be.\n\nOn the 16th April at 5 A.M. he left, and at 8 A.M. I sent the steam-ship \"Siangtan\" to Hankow, retaining in the steam-ship \"Kian\" a few who wished to return to Changsha.\n\nOn the 15th I had sent the launch to Siangtan, from which place I had received bad news, to give the residents the chance of reaching Changsha. They arrived on the night of the 16th, and I sent them to Yochou on the morning of the 17th under escort of Mr. Wrench and Mr. Morgan, as we were told there were riots at Siangyin and Chinkong, two places en route.\n\nMessrs. Wrench and Morgan met His Majesty's ship \"Thistle\" and returned with her. She arrived at the steam-ship \"Kian\" at 2:30 P.M., and I at once proceeded to Changsha.\n\nI refused to see the Customs taotai, who immediately came to call, giving as my reason that I would only see the highest authority in the province. Besides, as I was anxious to secure his removal as the first step to a settlement, I did not wish him to think that I in any way thought he was friendly. The same evening His Majesty's ship \"Nightingale\" arrived in port.\n\n**\n\nOn the 19th April the treasurer came to call with Mr. Kwok, the Customs taotai, Taotai Lu (Governor Ta'en's French secretary), and a certain Hu taotai. The treasurer assured me most emphatically that he could afford protection, and asked me to give him the names of those who wished to enter the city, in order that the Customs taotai might see to residences for them.\n\nDuring the interview the treasurer asked me if I had heard that \"Ch'uan-fei\" (the regular term for Boxers) were concerned in the trouble. I replied that I had not.\n\nAt about 2 P.M. I informed all that they could return into the city, and His Majesty's ship \"Thistle\" left for Chinkong. She had not been gone for half an hour when I was informed by the river guard-boats that the city was placarded with notices: \"Slay Ts'en and oust the foreigner.\" A copy of this placard was also given me by Mr. Wakefield. I thereupon sent for Mr. Kwok, and finally urged him to tell the truth for once. He stated that the interview in the morning was meaningless, as the treasurer had to speak as he did before the Customs taotai, and that protection could not be afforded. I was also visited by the commandant of the guard-boats and his second in command, who told me just the same. I therefore told Mr. Kwok to return to the treasurer and to obtain from him a definite assurance as to affording protection, telling him that, if this could not be given, he should get the few foreigners in the city out as quietly as possible, and giving him a circular to show them as proof. The treasurer then told Mr. Kwok to get foreigners out, and wrote to me that he could not provide against any untoward event, and that the idea that foreigners should not be in the city should be followed out.\n\nThereupon I wrote a note to the captain of His Majesty's ship \"Thistle\" and sent it by my launch. The launch returned with an armed party at 3:30 A.M. on the morning of the 20th and was soon followed by His Majesty's ship \"Thistle.\" A most earnest appeal was then made to me by the guard-boatmen to send away all foreigners. I sent those who had really nothing to do in the steam-ship \"Kian\" and kept an efficient number of good reliable working members of the community. That evening, the American consul at Hankow having telegraphed to me to order all his citizens out of Hunan, I sent launches to Siangtan and to Changtê to give foreigners the chance of coming to Changsha if they wished.\n\nThroughout the 21st April I was constantly interviewed by Chinese officers, including the president of the polytechnic (referred to in my intelligence report for the December quarter 1909, p. 12).\n\nThe\n\nI sent an armed launch, in charge of a warrant officer of His Majesty's ship \"Thistle,\" to get the people out of Iyang from which we had bad rumours. The journey was a complete success, all the women and children leaving and three men remaining. This evening reports came to me that two parties of rowdies armed with knives had crossed to the island, one to each end. The guard-boatmen and the troops were fully posted as to their movements and begged me to give them the chance of proving that they would fire, and asked some of the foreigners to join them in the defence. I was not, however, at this stage prepared to risk any lives and everyone was brought to His Majesty's ship \"Thistle.\" The preparations made were so effective that nothing occurred, and after about three hours all returned to their boats and the houses on the island. The rumour was verified next day.\n\nOn the 24th April the new governor arrived escorted by three gun-boats, making a most imposing entry. The events subsequent to his arrival and my suggestions regarding the due apportionment of blame for the outbreak will form the subject of separate despatches.\n\n\"\n\nI have, &c.\n\nEnclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nW. MEYRICK HEWLETT.\n\nExtract from the \"North China Daily News\" of April 25, 1910.\n\nTHE CHANGSHA RIOTS.\n\nTHROUGH Reuter's Agency we have received the following intelligence :-\n\n\"London, via Bombay, April 23, 1910. \"Despatches from Washington state that the United States Minister at Peking, Mr. W. J. Calhoun, has telegraphed that he fears that the trouble in Hunan is spreading. The United States Asiatic fleet has been ordered to leave Amoy, to assist if necessary.\"\n\n\"London, via Bombay, April 24, 1910. \"The British chargé d'affaires in Peking has telegraphed to the Foreign Office to the effect that organised hands have resumed rioting at Changsha, and all foreigners have taken refuge in two British vessels.\"\n\nFrom subsequent news received from Changsha it would appear that the rioting referred to in the above telegram either did not take place or was not of a serious\n\n7",
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        "content_text": "2\n\nthese various chiefs, but, in view of the difficulty of obtaining supplies for any length of time, I am of opinion that Tengkeng could scarcely bring more than 500 men, whilst 500 might be raised by the combined forces of Mingkuang, Tien-tang, and Tatang. Such forces would be poorly armed and badly organised, and they would have little eagerness for action.\n\n3. Under the third head the nearest troops to the frontier would be 200 men of the 11th Ying, who are stationed at Kuyung Kai. These men all carry Mauser magazine rifles (nine cartridges), which are in good order, and they are the best of the Tengyuch brigade. Their commandant, Major Ma, is an intelligent Mahommedan, and his men show better discipline and better spirit than is usual with the Chinese forces. The ying includes a number of Kachins (Chashans) from Sansi, who speak a dialect almost identical with that of the Pienma Lashis. The 4th and 5th Ying are stationed at Tengyuch, and comprise together about 500 men, chiefly armed with single-loading Mausers, which are antiquated and in poor condition. They are led by Chinese officers of the old school, and have had no Japanese training, though they show a marked improvement on the troops of a few years ago both in physique and discipline. I had an opportunity a few days ago of witnessing their target practice, and they showed an invariable tendency to shoot low, though I have seen men of the 11th Ying showing excellent marksmanship. Colonel Chiang, one of the officers stationed at Tengyuch, is a man of undoubted energy and courage, reputed a tribesman by birth, and showing a forceful personality which is entirely un-Chinese.\n\n4. There are 1,500 troops at Talifu, and I have information that many of their officers are in reality Japanese, though they speak Chinese fluently, and the greatest secrecy is observed in regard to their nationality. They would be able to reach Hpimaw through Yun-lung Chou, crossing the Mekong by the Feilung Bridge and the Salween by the ferry below Tengkeng. It is probable that they could reach Hpimaw in about the same time as troops from Myitkyina, but I have been unable to gather any reliable information as to their transport and commissariat. Large numbers of mules are, however, constantly available at Talifu, the roads are fair, and local supplies would be obtainable until they crossed the watershed. A detailed account of these troops is given in my despatch of the 3rd March last (printed report, p. 18).\n\nI am of opinion that the Chinese would be unlikely to move up regular troops either under heads (3) or (4) to the unadministered territory, and think that the only probable resistance would come from the Lisu irregulars reported under head (2).\n\nLines of Advance.\n\nThere are eight possible lines of advance for the Chinese into the unadministered territory. From west to east they are as follows:--\n\n1. From Ku-yung Kai by San Cha-ho, across the watershed near Manung Pum, and into the Shingaw Valley,\n\n2. From Tan-tsa, across the Lang Ya Pass, into the Tummaw Valley.\n\n3. From the Tien-tang Valley by Malipa, across the Pan-wa Pass, to Chang Yin-kou on the Chipway River. Malipa is 8 miles to the south and Chang Yin-kou 6 miles to the north of the pass. This is probably the easiest route from China, Tien-tang being cultivated up to the head of the valley.\n\n4. Along the Mingkuang Valley, striking off at Ta-chai, then up the Cha Shan Ho to Ta Ya-kou Pass-12 miles from Ta-chai. This leads to Hparé, which is 9 miles beyond the pass. This is also a comparatively easy track, and, with No. 3, would probably be open for lightly-laden mules throughout the dry season. Supplies would be abundant right up to the watershed. Lisu porters are generally available throughout this district, and can carry from 60 to 70 lbs. in the baskets on their backs. They are most satisfactory in this capacity, uncomplaining in spite of hard marches and heavy weather, requiring no bedding, as fast as mules, and unfailingly cheerful.\n\n5. Also from Mingkuang. About 5 miles north of Ta-chai, the Hsiao-tang Ho Valley leads off from the main valley to the north-west; the track follows the river and crosses the pass at 10 miles from the Mingkuang Valley, then leads down to Lagwé (Tzu-chu), which is 12 miles to the north of the pass.\n\n6. From Mingkuang, at Ta-chu-pa, across Fen Shui Ling Pass, to Hpimaw, 28 miles. This is the track I followed, but it is regarded as the most difficult, and mules should not be taken unless weather conditions are most favourable; they would then need to be very lightly laden, and an advance guard would be necessary to clear the track. Three days' journey, the second very hard, as animals cannot stop all day, owing to the poisonous herbs in the jungle.\n\n7. From the Salween Valley, at Tengkeng, westwards up the Ku-tan Ho Valley, across the pass to Hpimaw; one and a-half days' journey. Difficult track, but open for lightly-laden mules in favourable weather conditions; path very steep and narrow, and difficult streams to cross. The Tengkeng levies would come from this direction, also any troops from Talifu or Yungchang.\n\n8. From the Salween, at Chengka (latitude 26° 15'), by Pai-pa, into the north of territory. This route is little known, and is not likely to be used.\n\nOf the above eight routes, 3, 4, and 7 are those which would in all probability be chosen in the event of any expeditions from the Chinese side. They could all be watched without difficulty, and the main party in the unadministered territory could be kept constantly in touch with news from the passes. This could be arranged from the Burmah side of the watershed more easily than from Tengyueh, as it would be difficult to obtain reliable men among the Chinese, whereas the Kachins proved themselves during my recent visit to be both eager and quick at gathering and carrying news. I could arrange for trustworthy information from Talifu and Tengyueh in regard to movements of troops, and possibly also from Ku-yung Kai, but it would be preferable, whenever possible, to use men for intelligence work whose homes are in Burmah, and who would be able to get through to Sima or Sadon in the event of any difficulty with the Tengyueh-Bhamo telegraph line.\n\nARCHIBALD ROSE,\n\nHis Majesty's Acting Consul.\n\nTengyueh, May 24, 1910.\n\n473",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-372 - Public Offices - 1910.txt",
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    {
        "id": 434338,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 339,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[42500]\n\n### No. 1\n\n337  \n5712  \nNovember 22  \n21 FEB !\n\n## SECTION 3\n\nIndia Office to Foreign Office.-(Received November 22.)\n\nTHE Under-Secretary of State for India presents his compliments to the Under-Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, and, by direction of the Earl of Crewe, forwards herewith, for the information of the Secretary of State, copy of enclosures in a letter from the Foreign Secretary to the Government of India, dated the 3rd November, 1910, relative to the proposed expedition to Pienma on the Burmah-China frontier.\n\nIndia Office, November 21, 1910.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\n### Enclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nGovernment of Burmah to Government of India.\n\nMaymyo, October 17, 1910.\n\nI AM directed to solicit a reference to my telegram dated the 6th October, 1910, in which the Lieutenant-Governor proposed certain revised arrangements in connection with the proposed dispatch of an expedition into the unadministered territory north-east of the Myitkyina district.\n\n2. In proposing to alter the arrangements which were sanctioned in your letter dated the 12th September, 1910, the Lieutenant-Governor was mainly influenced by a report received from Captain B. E. A. Pritchard, I. A., commandant of the Northern Shan States Battalion of Military Police, who has recently had an opportunity of inspecting the Chinese troops at Tengyueh, Talifu, and Yunnanfu. I am now to submit a copy of Captain Pritchard's report* for the information of the Government of India. The main features of the report, so far as this case is concerned, are that the Chinese forces in the Tengyueh command (i.e., the old troops or Hsu Fang Tui) are a well-armed and effective body of trained soldiers who would probably give a good account of themselves when fighting in the jungle; that the new troops (the Lu Chun) at Talifu, 1,512 in number, are even more efficient; and that there is a likelihood that some at least of these new troops are to be sent from Talifu to Tengyueh at the close of the present rainy season. Captain Pritchard was the bearer of a verbal message to the Lieutenant-Governor from the Viceroy himself, who remarked that he desired peace with Burmah, and that he intended to send new troops to the Burmah frontier. The Viceroy's intention may be peaceful, but if the new troops were sent into the unadministered territory which the Chinese claim as theirs, there would be a risk of collision. Captain Pritchard's description of the Chinese soldiers in Yunnan is not inconsistent with that contained in Mr. Rose's memorandum on military affairs, of which a copy was submitted with my letter dated the 14th June, 1910, but Captain Pritchard's report emphasises the fact that all the troops in Yunnan are now trained soldiers who must not be despised, and that the Chinese will have it in their power, if they so desire, to offer effective opposition to Mr. Hertz's operations. It has been ascertained from Mr. Rose that the Chinese at Tengyueh are aware of our intention to send an expedition into the unadministered territory.\n\n3. The Lieutenant-Governor does not suggest that the Chinese will in fact oppose Mr. Hertz's march, or that they will dispatch their regular troops to attack his escort in the unadministered territory; but it must be admitted that we have no certain knowledge of the Chinese intentions, and that any anticipation of the action which they will take when they see that our occupation is about to become an accomplished fact, is based on no very substantial grounds. Mr. Rose, in his above-cited memorandum, expressed the opinion that the Chinese would be unlikely to move any regular troops to the unadministered territory, and he has recently suggested that Mr. Hertz is likely to meet only the taotai himself, with a personal escort. Mr. Rose \n\n*Not printed.\n\n[2982 y-3]",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 341,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 4\n\nunder Major ffrench-Mullen. Captain Moule will be second in command of the entire force, and in the event of any casualty to Major ffrench-Mullen, will take command. In the event of any casualty incapacitating Mr. Hertz from carrying on the duties of civil officer, the military officer in command of the escort will carry on these duties until relieved.\n\n## 5\n\nFor the actual conduct of the military operations, Major ffrench-Mullen alone will be responsible.\n\n## 6\n\nThe escort will proceed from Myitkyina to Seniku, and from Seniku to Makawng, and will leave there the party to guard the rationing base. Thence it will proceed via Htawgaw to Hpare and thence to Pienma, halting at these places. Mr. Hertz will visit the villages in the vicinity as far as the watershed on the east, and as far as appears advisable on the north, in order to carry out the objects of the tour detailed in paragraph 2. He will then return to Htawgaw and thence proceed to Mangpyaw and Hpala, halting at these and other convenient centres. If it is found at Hpala that the Chinese have actually erected a boundary post there, it will be destroyed, and steps will be taken to dispel the impression produced by the visit of the Chinese. From Mangpyaw Mr. Hertz will visit the villages on both sides of the Ngawchawng Kha up to the vicinity of its junction with the 'Nmaikba, and will finally proceed to Chiglai. The escort will then return to the ration base at Makawng and thence by leisurely marches to Myitkyina, halting at Chiglai and Matao, for the purpose of visiting the villages on the Chipwi Kha and in the Tammu valley.\n\n## 7\n\nThe tour is estimated to take 126 days, and a provisional itinerary is annexed. Mr. Hertz has full discretion to depart from this if he considers it advisable, but should arrange to arrive back at Myitkyina before end of April 1911.\n\n## 8\n\nThe objects of the tour are, as stated in instruction 2, to bring the tract under administration, to make the people understand that they are now under British rule, and to eject therefrom all persons assuming authority derived from any claim that the tract is Chinese territory. The utmost care must be taken to avoid hostilities with the local inhabitants, who, it is believed, will welcome the visit and desire that British authority be established. In the action to be taken against persons claiming to occupy the tract on behalf of the Chinese Government, Mr. Hertz will be guided by circumstances. It is essential that, if possible, these persons should be induced to retire. Mr. Hertz should endeavour to effect this in the first instance peaceably, but if they refuse to go he must eject them from British territory by show of force, or, if necessary, by employing force, unless they are in occupation in such strength that the attempt is likely to end in disaster. If the persons in occupation on behalf of China are merely local levies, there will probably be no difficulty. If a small detachment of Chinese regulars is present, it will probably retire when requested to do so. In the event of the Chinese forces being too strong to make it safe, in the opinion of the military officer commanding the escort, to attempt to enforce the orders even with the help of the supporting column, Mr. Hertz should report to the commissioner after taking such precautions for the safety of the party as the military officer in command of the escort may advise. It is unlikely that the escort will be attacked by a superior force, but as a measure of precaution a wing of a native regiment will be stationed in Seniku, in readiness to enter the tract and render such assistance as may be necessary.\n\n## 9\n\nIt is possible that objections to pay tribute will arise. In that case the civil officer should deduct the amount from payments due on account of coolie hire, supplies, &c., explaining his action clearly to the people; if necessary, he may take tribute in the form of cattle, to be valued by a committee of the local tribesmen subject to the approval of the civil officer. The objects of the tour this year are such that it is improbable that any other demand will be made which will not be complied with, but in the event of a refusal to furnish supplies or labour which the civil officer considers contumacious, he may take the former and impress the latter on payment of fair rates.\n\n## 10\n\nIn the event of any attack on the escort or supporting party by the local inhabitants of the tract, besides such military measures as may be necessary, the capture or destruction of cattle and the destruction of crops and stores are among the means approved as punishments. In such a case all fire-arms should be confiscated and destroyed. If necessary, the houses of the chiefs and of two or three of the principal men may be destroyed. But the destruction of a village should not be allowed except on specific grounds of military exigency.\n\n## 11\n\nIn order to ensure the permanency of British occupation, it is necessary to establish a military police post in the tract in question. Mr. Hertz will select a suitable position, probably at Htawgaw, and will there leave Mr. Scott as civil officer, and a post of 175 rifles with the necessary signallers. Captain ... will remain as commandant of this post, with ... as his assistant commandant.\n\nA small connecting post, consisting of 50 rifles under a native officer, will be similarly established at Makawng. The question whether these two posts must remain out during the rains, or can be withdrawn at the commencement of the rains and put out in the following open season, will await Mr. Hertz's report as to the attitude of the tribesmen and the Chinese in connection with his operations.\n\n## 12\n\nMr. Hertz will keep the commissioner informed of his movements, and actions by weekly diaries, and, if feasible and necessary, by special messengers and helio communication combined with the telegraph. Major ffrench-Mullen will submit weekly diaries to the inspector-general of police, and will, if necessary, communicate with him by telegram on any matter of purely military concern.\n\n## 13\n\nThe total number of days during which the party is estimated to be out is 126, but as information about the geography of the country and the routes is imperfect, it is probable that the escort will have to diverge from the route laid down, and that delays will occur.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n**Government of Burmah to Government of India**\n\nMaymyo, October 17, 1910.\n\nWITH reference to my official letter dated the 17th October, 1910, relating to Mr. Hertz's proposed expedition into the unadministered area on the north-east of the Myitkyina district, I am desired to send you copies of the demi-official letters which have been received from Mr. Rose at Tengyueh.\n\n## 2\n\nMr. Rose reports the preparation at Tengyueh of a large-scale map showing the country to the north-west of Tengyueh, including the unadministered territory. He also reports that our intention to send an expedition into that territory is known to the Chinese at Tengyueh. Mr. Rose thinks that the tantai is likely to make an official tour into the unadministered tract, but that troops will probably not be sent except such as are required for the taotai's personal escort. In a private letter to Mr. Hertz, Mr. Rose recently wrote that-\n\n\"If we intend to sit down, the Chinese do not, and I hear that the taotai is having a sheaf of maps printed showing the frontier as the 'Nmaikha. Things here are not at all bright; the taotai is more obstructive than his predecessor, probably because he is more clever. I am convinced that the open season will mean great activity from this direction, but I do not anticipate active opposition to us if we send up an expedition. Indeed, it is almost certain that we should not meet it. You will probably meet the taotai, however, and would have to get rid of him by fair means or foul.\"\n\nThe lieutenant-governor hopes that Mr. Rose's anticipation will be realised, and he thinks that, if we make a substantial show of force, the Chinese are not likely to interfere with us. But, in view of Captain Pritchard's recent report, his honour hopes that the latest proposals for strengthening Mr. Hertz's escort will meet with approval.\n\n## 3\n\nThe boundary pillar mentioned in Mr. Rose's letter of the 1st October formed the subject of my official letter dated the 14th June, 1910.\n\n## Enclosure 4 in No. 1\n\n**Acting Consul Rose to Government of Burmah**\n\nTengyueh, September 15, 1910.\n\nONE of my men wandered into the local printing office yesterday and found them printing a hundred copies of a very large-scale map, about 5 feet square, showing the country to the north-west of the Tengyueh district and the unadministered territory. They tell me that the 'Nmaikha River was shown as the frontier, and that all Lung-pang group of villages and the Maru country to the north was on the Chinese side. The map was sent to the office by the taotai. I cannot vouch for the accuracy of the statements, as the Chinese are rather muddle-headed about maps, but my man ... \n\nPage 339",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 441,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# Mr. H. A. Thornton, I.C.S., superintendent, Northern Shan States; Mr. W. H. L. Cabell, I.C.S., deputy commissioner, Bhamo; Mr. D. W. Rae, assistant superintendent, Sinlumkaba; Mr. D. W. Kiernander, assistant superintendent, Kutkai; Captain B. E. A. Pritchard, I.A., battalion commandant, Lashio; Mr. Smart, R.A., Bhamo Battalion; and \n\nThe consul. \n\nColonel G. Pereira, C.M.G., D.S.O.; Captain Blackwell, R.A.M.C.; and Mr. Morris, \nof the East Surrey Regiment, also visited the camp. \n\nThe Chinese representatives were: \n| Name | Position |\n| --- | --- |\n| Keng Pao-kuei | Tuotai of Tenguch |\n| Chao Kai-bsuan | Frontier deputy |\n| Hsu Chai-yu | Sub-prefect of Lungling |\n| Kuang kuei-yuan | Newly-appointed assistant frontier deputy |\n| Colonel Wang Kuei-ching |  |\n\nColonel Chung was also under orders to attend, but was retained at his post owing to the northern unrest. \n\nThe meeting commenced very satisfactorily, the Chinese party calling upon us first with a large escort and considerable state. The Burmah officers, who have been responsible for the British camp during the last two years, have carried out the plans in a way which certainly did credit to their Government, and it was evident that the Chinese had been impressed, for the taotai had spared no pains this year in arranging that his staff, his retinue, and his banquet should be worthy of his post, and that he should not be eclipsed on this occasion of international meeting. \n\nAfter the unsatisfactory relations which had existed at Tengyuch during the past year, the first meeting was anticipated with some interest, and the taotai lost no time in endeavouring to establish a better understanding, for he at once offered a full and frank apology for his previous behaviour. He was unfailingly courteous throughout our stay at Namkham, meeting us practically every day either at public or private discussions or at those social functions which form part of the usual programme, and he interested himself in all that was passing, showing the greatest keenness to behave in a manner which was correct. \n\nThe different courts were constituted as usual, and the junior Chinese officers met their British colleagues on satisfactory terms, a heavy roll of cases being settled during the three weeks' conference, which involved long and unbroken sittings, and must have proved very trying for Mr. Rae and Mr. Kiernander, who were constantly in court. When it is remembered that the British and Chinese officers on the bench have not only to convince themselves and one another of the desirability of certain settlements through the medium of interpreters, but that the British officers must marshal their witnesses and sift their evidence in the dozen different languages of the frontier tribes, it will be realised that the settlement of a long case-roll in the mixed courts of the frontier is no easy matter, and calls for an endless patience and unflagging persistency of purpose. Our officers are sometimes discouraged at the fact that their Chinese colleagues have so little perception of abstract justice, and that they find difficulty in resisting a temptation to bargain over the settlements when monetary compensations are awarded by the court. Such bargaining is, I think, inevitable to the mind of the Chinese magistrate, and when it is remembered that the awards come first of all from his own pocket, and that he is dependent on the recovery of his outlay from numerous other officials and loosely-held tribal villages—a process requiring another long and enduring struggle—these shortcomings may perhaps be charitably forgotten. Judging by their results, it is evident that relations were entirely satisfactory, for their settlements were excellent, and they parted the best of friends. \n\nIn the appellate court, the taotai sat with Mr. Thornton or Mr. Cabell and myself, and we realised at an early date that he was not prepared to do business. I am inclined to think that he had tied his own hands; that he had boasted to the Viceroy that he would show a bold face to the British at the frontier; and that he found himself bound to justify his promises, but placed in consequence in a foolish and undignified position from which he would gladly have retired had it been possible for him to do so without loss of prestige with the authorities at Yunnan-fu. The fact remains that he refused to settle any case which came before him, and by so doing, he cut at the root of the joint court and compensation system which had been accepted formally by China as our basis of procedure at last year's meeting. \n\nIn the settlement of frontier cases, old-established custom, reduced to writing in the frontier agreement of 1910 (attached to my last frontier report), has decided that trans-frontier thefts, bodily injuries, and murders shall be paid for on a fixed scale of compensation by the offending country, in addition to the arrest and punishment of the offender, and that the compensation account shall be balanced and settled before the representatives of Burmah and Yunnan leave the meeting. It not infrequently happens that we have to pay more than China, but we never quibble over a case which has been proved. \n\nThis year, however, the taotai set custom and agreement at defiance. There were five murder cases before him—murders of British subjects by people whom we claimed to be Chinese. I had brought the cases to his attention again and again during the year, asking him to make some attempt to arrest the culprits; but his only replies had been either that the murdered men were Chinese subjects or that the murderers were British, and as he offered no reasons for his statements and frequently worded them in unfriendly and discourteous terms, there remained no alternative but to await the results of the frontier meeting. The cases came up in due course to the appellate court, and the British evidence was produced—in each case full, satisfactory, and to us entirely convincing. The natural course would have been for the taotai to produce any counter-evidence, but he made no attempt to do this, nor did he produce the offenders or witnesses who could rebut the evidence in any way. We therefore claimed compensation on the fixed scale, which he flatly refused. The cases had been through all the stages of the frontier courts, and there seemed no hope of settlement. The object of the frontier meetings is to replace those old blood feuds, in which the Kachins settle such matters amongst themselves, by properly organised courts and by settlements which would be enforced if necessary. The result of the meetings and of this procedure has been a steady decrease of lawlessness along the frontier, to the benefit of both nations concerned; but, earnestly as we tried to persuade him to better counsels, the taotai appeared determined to set all precedent at defiance, and thus to undo the effect of many years of steady work and mutual co-operation. This was the situation in regard to case work on the last day of the meeting. \n\n## Trans-frontier Cultivations \n\nThere remained another matter of importance—the question of trans-frontier cultivations. This subject has been discussed and dealt with perfunctorily for several years past, but it was surrounded with difficulties, and it was not until the last twelve months that our information was sufficiently full to render a settlement possible. I have had the honour to address you on several occasions in regard to this question, but it may be well to recapitulate the position briefly in view of the settlement which has now been effected. \n\nIn delimiting the middle section of the Burmah-China frontier, it was found by the commissioners that the acceptance of their line, which frequently followed a zigzag course between paddy fields and irrigation dykes, would occasionally have the result of placing a village on one side of the border whilst the whole or part of the lands worked by the villagers would belong to the other side. They therefore made specific arrangements in the joint \"Description of the Boundary\" safeguarding the rights of the villagers in such cases to their original cultivation rights over the land in question. This was the commencement of the trans-frontier cultivation. As time went on, however, the original claims became considerably extended, for the farmers on the China side—mainly inhabitants of the Shan States—found that they could escape from the exactions and oppression of their own sawbwas by removing their homes to Burmah while continuing to cultivate their original fields in China. On the strength of the fact that they became subjects of Burmah by frontier custom of domicile, they now refused to pay taxes for their land to the Chinese suwbwas, and from this fact has arisen the matter in dispute. \n\nFor the past three or four years, the Yunnanese authorities have shown an active interest in the question. They have found that in the worst administered of the States—notably in Lungchuan and Mengmao—a great number of Chinese cultivators have moved their domicile to Burmah, and thus avoided payment of all taxes to China, with the result that the revenues of the Shan sawbwas in question have been considerably affected; the sawbwas themselves reported that their subjects are crossing to Burmah and \"taking their fields with them,\" thus touching the Chinese on their most sensitive spot, the possible alienation of Chinese territory. \n\nPage 436",
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        "page_number": 442,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## 8\n\nI have had considerable correspondence with the Government of Burmah on the subject during the year, and the lieutenant-governor has expressed a desire to meet the Chinese on fair and reasonable terms if a satisfactory settlement could be reached. His Honour mainly desired from China a recognition of the claim that farmers who moved their domicile to Burmah should not by so doing forfeit the right to cultivate their original fields in China; in return for such recognition he expressed his readiness to admit that such trans-frontier cultivators should properly pay the customary land taxes to the sawbwas, and that, should they fail to do so, their land or their cultivation rights over the communal land should be subject to forfeiture. The Chinese, on the other hand, sought to secure the extinction of all rights of cultivation for people who were no longer domiciled in China. The question was complicated by the fact that in the Chinese Shan States there is an undoubted custom of communal tenure, the lands worked by the village belonging to the sawbwa, and so to his overlord, the Emperor of China. There were reasons for refusing to admit this claim in the sweeping form in which it was presented by China, but the expression of a definite opinion as to its validity has been as far as possible avoided, both in discussion and in the draft regulations which we have drawn up for the settlement of the question.\n\nAt intervals during the year I have considered this subject at interviews with the taotai and other officials, but we were unable to effect any settlement satisfactory both to the Governments of Burmah and Yunnan, and the subject was therefore brought up for discussion at the frontier meeting. In the meanwhile the Government of Burmah, hoping to clear the issues and to obtain more definite information in regard to these claims, consented to the request of the Chinese authorities that a cadastral survey should be made of all fields along the border line, either in Burmah or Yunnan, over which cultivation rights were claimed by trans-frontier farmers. The whole cost of this survey was borne by the Government of Burmah. One of the Chinese officers accompanying the party (the Lung-ling Ting) was dismissed from office for obeying the orders of the taotai and sealing the maps which were to serve as proof of the claims; the other (the assistant frontier deputy wang) offered every possible obstruction to the party, and on completion of the survey stated that the maps were incorrect. When the maps reached Tengyueh, and I asked the taotai if he would accept and seal them according to agreement, he repudiated them entirely, offering no reason for, or explanation of, his attitude. The question of the regulations and maps in cultivation were at this stage when we reached the meeting at Namkham.\n\nOn arrival at the frontier meeting I discussed the question at length with Mr. Thornton and Mr. Cabell, and a draft agreement was drawn up based on the recommendations of the lieutenant-governor, and conceding all that was possible to China in a generous and conciliatory spirit. On the draft being presented to the taotai he admitted the concessions, and stated, indeed, that he could find little to add to our draft; a few immaterial suggestions were made by him and were adopted at once. He stated, however, that he had no power to accept these regulations, to recognise the maps, or, indeed, to do anything towards a settlement in this long-standing and difficult question. He withdrew, however, his sweeping denunciation of the maps, and consented to outline specific lines along which he claimed that the maps were incorrect.\n\nAfter careful inquiry into his points it was found that they all hinged on one difficulty. At certain places along the frontier the boundary line followed the course of river beds, and was so described at the time of the boundary commission; in the course of the cadastral survey, however, it was found that these sandy river-beds had in many instances changed their course, thus absorbing some fields, and apparently placing others on the wrong side of the frontier. The survey party had adopted, as far as their information allowed, the line of the old river-beds as the correct boundary. We pointed out to the taotai that the actual course of the river-beds at the time of the boundary commission was a question of evidence, which could and should have been obtained from the villagers at the time of the survey; that a Chinese deputy accompanied the party mainly for this purpose, and that, if he had been dissatisfied with the line taken, he had his remedy in the evidence procurable on the spot; that he had not adopted this simple procedure; and that the Government of Burmah had thus been put to much unnecessary expense and annoyance. It is a fact, however, that the question is difficult and intricate, and that the deputy in question was utterly incompetent for the work; the actual facts, however, were put before the taotai so clearly at the frontier meeting that he certainly understood the points at issue. In spite of this he refused to accept the responsibility of arranging a settlement, and the questions of the regulations and maps in cultivation were in this position at the close of the meeting.\n\n## 9\n\n### Our Plans of Settlement\n\nI have endeavoured to outline clearly the case work and also the cultivation question at the frontier meeting, as the Chinese attitude towards both subjects is of more than passing interest, and is likely to occupy more of the attention of frontier officers as time goes on, and it is of importance that sound precedence should be established in these early years. Until two years ago the Yunnan Government had considered a handful of frontier commandants, of little or no official status, of sufficient importance to meet the representatives of Burmah, but it is clear that they now realise the importance of frontier affairs and the need for the attendance of responsible officers.\n\nThe Burmah officers had done their best to close the affairs of the present season with a clean sheet, and on the taotai's own admission they had shown a patience, a courtesy, and a desire for conciliatory settlement which was beyond his anticipation, and was certainly beyond his deserts. It was therefore with keen disappointment that we realised that the meeting had reached its close, and that the serious cases and the important questions of the year still remained unsettled.\n\nAfter consultation with Mr. Thornton and Mr. Cabell, we decided that the only possible way of forcing a settlement was by breaking up the meeting and by addressing a joint despatch to the taotai clearly defining his responsibility in leaving the frontier without effecting settlements, and the possibility of serious trouble among the border tribes which was threatened by his action. We indicated at the same time the fact that the responsibility of the Yunnan Government had been indicated by the Burmah Government's message to the Viceroy when requesting him to appoint a representative for the frontier meeting. A copy of our despatch is attached to this report (`Enclosure 1`). We left the frontier without any of the usual formalities or an exchange of calls, and the taotai immediately sent a verbatim report of our despatch to the Viceroy by telegraph. I am happy to be able to report that our action succeeded entirely in effecting the desired result, though the extraordinary change of front shown by the Yunnan Government would suggest that our efforts were aided by unexpected good fortune, and by circumstances which were beyond our control, whilst events appeared to indicate, though I had no direct evidence of the fact, that moral pressure had been brought to bear on the Viceroy through the Wai-wu Pu at Peking.\n\n### Unrest and Boycott at Tengyueh\n\nAfter leaving the Namkham meeting I hurried back to my post, and on arrival at Tengyueh I found a most unsatisfactory situation there. It appears that the taotai, whilst still at the frontier, had telegraphed to Yünnan-fu recommending an aggressive attitude in regard to British activity in the unadministered territory, and that the modern-drilled troops of the province had at once been mobilised, 1,000 men leaving Talifu in the direction of the border, whilst preparations were made to strengthen the depleted Tali garrison by a regiment from Yunnan-fu. The old troops from Tengyueh were being hurried into the Shan States, and all was ready for a demonstration on the frontier should it be necessary. In Tengyueh itself public feeling was greatly excited by distorted rumours of British action in the neighbourhood of Hpimaw (Pien-ma); the people were disturbed by the hurried movements of troops. Agitation had been worked up in regard to the acquisition of the new consulate site, and a boycott of British goods, not reported officially until some ten days after the event, had already been declared, though its incidence was fortunately postponed owing to the fact that business was suspended during the New Year holidays.\n\nI immediately sent for the sub-prefect (ting), who had been in charge of affairs during the taotai's absence, and informed him that the situation appeared to me to be very grave, that riots might be expected unless steps were taken to allay popular excitement, that I held him entirely responsible for having allowed things to reach so serious a pass, and that I should appeal to the Viceroy direct and take other definite measures unless the position changed within twenty-four hours. The local situation borrowed for a moment a certain humour from Chinese official tactics. The taotai received news on the same day that a considerable force of British troops was mobilising on the broad grassy plain at Lweje, a post actually on the frontier between Bhamo and Tengyueh, and he apparently decided that the moment had arrived when a careful policy was at last essential and a scape-goat must be found in case of need.\n\n*Not printed*\n\nPage 437",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911.txt",
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    {
        "id": 435041,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "page_number": 455,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[15942]\n\n## No. 1.\n\n450\nApril 2017\nREON & \nRECP 16 JUN 11\n\n### Acting Consul Rose to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received April 29.)\n\n**(No. 4. Consular. Confidential.)**\n\nSir,\n\nTengyueh, March 29, 1911.\n\nI HAVE the honour to enclose copy of a despatch which I have to-day addressed to His Majesty's Minister at Peking on the subject of a raid by Chinese Kachins on the Burmah district of Powang.\n\n### Enclosure I in No. 1.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE.**\n\n### (No. 4. Confidential.)\n\nSir,\n\n#### Acting Consul Rose to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nTengyueh, March 29, 1911.\n\nI HAVE the honour to submit a more detailed report of the Powang raid, to which reference has already been made in my telegrams of the 11th and 27th March. In the course of the frontier meeting at Namkham, I received information that trouble was anticipated in the Powang district, owing to the action of a Kachin named Sao Naw, a notorious character, who was reported to be collecting a band of Kachins with a view to the murder of the Dawa of Powang. As the circle in question is situated in close proximity to the border and marches with the Chinese Shan States of Chefang and Mong-pan, I at once addressed a despatch to the Taotai Keng, warning him of the possibility of serious trouble, and requesting him to take joint action with the British authorities with a view to preventing the violation of the frontier. The Taotai assured me personally that he would issue the necessary instructions, but information reaches me from Chinese sources that no precautions were taken.\n\nEarly in March, the trouble appears to have reached a head. Sao Naw, in company with some 200 or 300 Kachins from the China side of the border, attacked and burned two Burmah villages, one of which was Hpawng-hseng, at the same time killing two Kachins and wounding five or six others, and driving off the cattle to Chefaug in China. The raiders then stockaded themselves under the leadership of Sao Naw at Hpawng-hseng, where they were attacked and driven from their cover by Mr. Kiernander, the Assistant Superintendent at Kutkai, and the Assistant Commandant at the head of a small body of military police. During the attack on the stockades, a Kachin from the Burmah side was killed, and seven sepoys were wounded, whilst the main body of the raiders fled across the border to Pangwai, in the Chinese State of Mong-pan.\n\n1\n\nOn receipt of the first news of the raid, I urged the Taotai to take immediate action to prevent other Kachins from crossing the frontier, and he agreed to send runners to the Frontier Deputy Chao, who was on his way to meet Mr. Kiernander, instructing him to hasten to the spot and co-operate with the British officers. I understand that the Frontier Deputy has arrived at Hpawng-hseng, that the Sub-Prefect of Lang-ling and the Sawbwas of Chefang and Mong-pan are on their way thither, and that there is unlikely to be a further outbreak.\n\nIt is proposed to demand from China compensation on account of the raid, including the value of the property destroyed, the cattle which have been driven away; the customary frontier settlement of 300 rupees for the Kachins who had been killed and wounded; and the delivery of the leaders Sao Naw and Sao-ting, with a number of fugitives from the Burmah side of the border, who are being harboured in the Chinese Shan States of Mong-pan, Chefang, and Lungchuan.\n\nThree villages in Burmah are still stockaded and held, but the Frontier Deputy is a capable official, and it is probable that he will be able to arrange matters with Mr. Kiernander, and that they will succeed in restoring order in the border country.\n\n[1974 --1]",
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        "id": 445548,
        "series_id": 27,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 19,
        "title": "CO129-406 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "## Report on Opium Trade in Hunan Province\n\nI visited the town of Hung-chiang, on the Yuan River, which was formerly the great market for Kueichou opium, and which has grown into a busy and prosperous centre on this trade alone, the likin on native opium amounting to as much as 15,000,000 taels a-year when the trade was at its zenith. The people are now reduced to poverty and the town already bears evidence of decline, which appears to show that the trade has really suffered a fatal blow. A small quantity is still smuggled in by the small roads in the Yuan-chou district and distributed from Hung-chiang with the greatest precaution, but the most liberal estimate places the amount annually introduced at about one-tenth of that originally dealt with.\n\nIt will be extremely difficult to eliminate the trade in, and the consumption of, opium from centres such as this, and the slightest relaxation of official measures will probably lead to the recrudescence of a trade in which officials, farmers, merchants, and people have so great a stake.\n\nThroughout the journey we received the greatest courtesy from the officials and gentry, who did their best to ensure our comfort and to afford us protection. Vigorous efforts were made at first to hamper my movements, to confine me to the main roads, and to prevent my penetration into the tribal country. I was inclined to attribute this to a fear that poppy might be discovered in the loosely administered mountain country. The result of a careful search, however, appeared to show that official opposition was dictated either by the anxiety of the local officials for our safety or by the natural reluctance of our Chinese colleagues to undergo the hardships of a mountain tour. We walked most of the way, after abandoning our ponies and finding our sedan chairs too exciting, but to the Chinese delegates, unaccustomed as they are to any form of exercise, the exhausting marches and the comfortless nights proved a terrible experience. The fact that they completed the tour in a friendly and helpful spirit was therefore very gratifying.\n\nTo sum up the results of the tour, we have conducted a searching examination of the province of Hunan, and we have neither seen any poppy nor obtained any evidence of cultivation. The campaign of destruction has evidently been carried over several years, and although a certain amount was sown this year in the remoter districts, in the mountains and in tribal country, I am of opinion that little, if any, remains, and that a certain amount of the heroic measures of the last few months have been successful. Smuggling from the neighbouring provinces still continues, but it is inconsiderable and decreasing. A certain number of people still use the drug, but the high prices and the severe punishments meted out to smokers have had far-reaching results.\n\nHunan is in a favourable position for the elimination of the drug, in that it is fertile and prosperous, other crops being economically possible in most of the country, though the mountain districts will suffer considerable loss from the campaign. The agricultural and mineral wealth of the province is so marked, however, and the water transport is generally so good, that the province will be better able than many of the other provinces to tide over any loss in connection with the opium trade, should the present policy continue. At the same time, the high prices of the drug now prevailing, and the demand which still exists, will form a great temptation to producers, and the least slackening of the repressive measures may lead to an immediate recrudescence of cultivation.\n\nThe student-class in the big towns of Hunan are reported to be really desirous of eliminating the drug, and they have voiced their opinions through the medium of the press. The bulk of the people, however, are frankly interested in it, either as producers, consumers, or tax-collectors, and they constantly expressed the opinion that the drug could never be entirely abolished. A number of the gentry, the most powerful element in the province, remarked one day that the question at issue was surely that of Italian opium, not of opium pure and simple, and I have little doubt that he expressed the general opinion of the people of Hunan. Whatever may be their motive, however, there is definite evidence for the moment of a sincere desire on the part of the Government to free the province from the cultivation of the poppy and, after an experience of the opium question in several other provinces, I am able to report that Hunan has dealt with the problem with unexpected thoroughness and success.\n\n**ARCHIBALD ROSE**\n\nMay 25, 1913\n\n## Enclosure 3 in No. 1\n\n### Report on Journey in Hunan (Eastern Section)\n\nA careful search and exhaustive enquiries have alike failed to disclose the existence of any poppy crop this season.\n\nMy investigation began at Ch'i-yang Hsien, which was reached from Changsha viâ Pao-ching Fu, and ended at Hsiang-Yin Hsien, 40 miles due north of Changsha. The journey falls into five distinctive divisions, which are as follows:\n\n| Division | Route | Distance (li) | Distance (miles) |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 1 | Ch'i-yang Hsien to Liang Tien | 415 | 1384 |\n| 2 | Liang Tien to Kwei-yang Hsien | 165 | 55 |\n| 3 | Kwei-yang Hsien to Lung Tang | 205 | 683 |\n| 4 | Lung Tang to P'ing-chiang Hsien | 785 | 261 |\n| 5 | P'ing-chiang Hsien to Hsiang-Yin Hsien | 185 | 613 |\n\nThe first division comprises lands which are favourable to poppy growing, and which have produced poppy in former years to a considerable extent.\n\nThe second is a fair example of those remote and outlying districts in which the poppy is generally supposed to be still in evidence. The path I travelled was an unfrequented one—well away from the beaten track.\n\nIn the third stage, my road ran parallel to the Kiangsi border at a distance of 10 miles from it. The lands passed through were mountainous border lands with cultivated valleys.\n\nThe fourth division comprises border districts, but of more open and less mountainous aspect.\n\nThe fifth stage surveys the country from the Kiangsi border district of P'ing-chiang Hsien, eastwards to a point 40 miles due north of Changsha.\n\n### Poppy Cultivation\n\nPoppy was successfully grown in the season 1911-12 in some of the districts through which I have passed; in others, the officials intervened, the crop was torn up, and the grower punished. At P'ing-chiang Hsien, for instance, in April 1912, a grower was fined 1,000 tiao (about 720 dollars) and his crop destroyed.\n\nDuring the summer of 1912, proclamations were issued and notables sent round to impress on the local officials, elders, and landowners of the province that no poppy would be tolerated in the coming season, and that the provincial authorities would shrink from no extremity of action to ensure the final freedom of the province from opium.\n\nSince November last (the sowing season), all the districts through which I have passed have been visited from time to time by search parties of soldiers, with orders to root up any poppy found, to arrest the growers, and to shoot down all opposition. A landowner in the Chien-chou district was shot in January 1913 under such circumstances, though I understand that he was the victim of a false accusation.\n\nSecrecy of cultivation is scarcely possible, conditions being such as they are in country districts in China; and discovery was rendered doubly sure by the offer of rewards to informers, and by the posting up of boxes for the receipt of anonymous denunciations.\n\nThe Tzu Chih Chu (local government councils) and the Tuan Tsung (militia captains) have been made collectively and individually responsible for their districts. And finally, notables have been sent out periodically by the General Opium Suppression Bureau. The activity of this bureau has rendered impossible any apathy on the part of the district officials; and this result has been assisted by the fact that since the revolution, local authority is vested no longer in one man, but is divided between three officials respectively: the magistrate, the judicial officer, and the commandant of the local troops.\n\nPoppy cultivation in this province is only possible, in my opinion, where the local landowners are in a position to defy their officials; in none of the districts visited by me does such a state of affairs exist. All these districts are well supplied with troops of the regular army, and are within easy reach of the provincial capital.\n\n`[2965 q-1]`",
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    {
        "id": 448055,
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        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 274,
        "title": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "Canalvoure\n\n100 P Y.\n\n271\n\n24754\n\nPlayd\n\n6 July\n\nHead Quarters,\n\nSouth China Command,\n\nHongkong, 7th May, 1914.\n\nYour Excellency,\n\nIn continuation of my letter No. 3458(G) dated 25th February, 1914, forwarding a report on the Hongkong Volunteer Camp at Hang Hau - 9th to 18th January, and an Artillery Report, I have the honour to forward;\n\n(a). A Report by the Commandant on the Hongkong Volunteer Corps for the year ending 31st March, 1914, together with the Regimental Musketry Return.\n\n(b). A Report by Captain F. C. C. Rogers, M.V.O., 2nd Bn. the Duke of Cornwall's Light Infantry on the Hongkong Volunteer Reserves.\n\n2.\n\nAs regards the Hongkong Volunteer Corps, what I saw of them at the formal inspection on the 17th January, as well as at the Naval and Military Manoeuvres 23rd-26th March, has confirmed my opinion of their keenness and usefulness. I am glad to see there is a slight increase in their numbers, but I deplore the fact that so many men in this Colony are content to stand aside and let other people prepare to defend them.\n\nVery great advantage to the Corps would accrue if the Annual Camp could be located alongside a Camp of Regulars - the Artillery during the regular Movable Armament Camp and the remainder during Infantry Battalion or Company Training.\n\nI am not sure that in the training of the Scouts Company it is sufficiently realised how invaluable as Scouts or Guides in time of war, a body of men would be who knew the Colony, - or at all events the Island and the Mainland up to and East and West of a line through Taipo thoroughly. I think more time should be spent in training them in this direction. It should be remembered that the regular troops are constantly changing, a fact which very largely increases the importance and value",
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    },
    {
        "id": 448067,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "page_number": 286,
        "title": "CO129-411 - Governor Sir May - 1914 [5-7]",
        "content_text": "From\n\nCommandant I. K. V. T.\n\nTo\n\nG. O. C. South China.\n\n283\n\n1\n\nPlace Hongkong Date 30th April 1914.\n\nArthur H. H. Chapman\n\nLt. Col.\n\nCommanding Hongkong Volunteer Corps\n\nREMARKS BY OFFICER COMMANDING INFANTRY BRIGADE, DIVISION, &c. (Should be typewritten if possible.)\n\nPlace\n\nDate\n\nCommanding\n\nREMARKS BY THE GENERAL OFFICER COMMANDING-IN-CHIEF.\n\nA satisfactory report on the whole. 5 Marksmen and 9 First-Class Shots out of the 19 who fired the Regular Soldiers' Course is quite creditable. I should like to see this number (19) increased, and hope that it may be possible to find time to exercise all those who qualify. The provision of a 30 yards Range which is now nearly finished will be a great help in Musketry Training.\n\nPlace Hong Kong,\n\n7th May, 1914.\n\nDate\n\nH. H. H. Major General,\n\nCommanding the Troops in South China.\n\nSir,\n\nVolunteer Headquarters,\n\nHongkong 6th Feby. 1914.\n\nI have the honour to forward the following report on the Volunteer Camp at Hang Hau, New Territories from 9th to 18th Jany. 1914. I also forward a duplicate copy (with accounts attached) for the information of His Excellency the Governor.\n\n1. Members.\n\nOut of a total strength of 21 officers and 271 other ranks (men absent on leave having been deducted) 21 officers and 210 other ranks attended Camp. Of these 87 attended for 5 days or over and 144 for a shorter period.\n\n2. Work Carried out in Camp.\n\nProgramme of work was as follows:-\n\n(1) All Units.\n\nDaily Parades\n\n8.15 a.m. to 9.45 a.m. 10.0 a.m. to 12.0 noon 2.0 p.m. to 5.0 p.m.\n\nAt these parades instruction was given in the technical work of the various Sections in the morning, and general instruction in Skirmishing &c. in the afternoon.\n\n88 Officers and men fired Machine Gun Course Table \"G\" Pt. I Practices 1 to 6 inclusive.\n\n3. Gun Practice &c.\n\n(a) 5\" B.L. Howitzer and 10 pdr B.L. Gun Practice was carried out by the Artillery Battery on 15th, 16th & 17 January.\n\n(b) Field Firing was carried out by the Maxim Gun Sections on three days.\n\n4. Inspection by H. E. the G. O. C. South China.\n\nThe G. O. C. inspected the men at their work on 17th January.\n\n5. Inspection by C. R. A.\n\nThe C. R. A. inspected the Artillery Battery at Gun Practice on 15th, 16th & 17th January,",
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    {
        "id": 450638,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "page_number": 220,
        "title": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "content_text": "(A arrear.\n\n7 ransacked on the 20th October by its republican guard, whose pay was considerably in arrears. In Lin Tse Hsien a riot occurred about the same time, owing to students destroying the gods in the city temple. Towards the end of November a mutiny took place in the Manchu garrison in Tsing-chou fu.\n\nOperations have been carried on against the robbers in the Tsaochoufu and Yenchoufu districts, and the governor now claims that brigandage has been practically suppressed in this part of the province. The most notorious of the leaders was seized and executed in December, but two others remain to be captured. The newspapers have recently given accounts of brigandage in the Wutingfu district, north of the Yellow River, which is usually free from such troubles.\n\nDisbandment of the troops is steadily proceeding, and is causing little trouble except for a mutiny at Chefoo in the beginning of January. This occurred on the 4th January, after nearly all the Manchurian troops had been paid off, and had handed over their arms to their commandant. A large number of them had gone on board the steamer, which was to take them to the north. Owing to some interference, and an attempt to deprive them of a portion of their pay, the troops returned to shore, rushed the arsenal, overcame the guard, possessed themselves of rifles and ammunition, and started to hold up the traffic on the streets. They were soon joined by others anxious for possible loot. A force of 2,000 lu chun and 200 sailors from the cruiser \"Haichi\" were soon under arms and patrolled the streets, taking special care to safeguard the foreign quarter. Order was restored on the following day, and the mutinous troops shipped off to Dairen. There is some apprehension, however, of further trouble, owing to the disagreements between the commanding officers. A Japanese man-of-war is lying off Chefoo to watch developments.\n\nIn Shantung, as elsewhere, the elections for the Peking Assembly are resolving themselves mainly into a contest between the Kung Ho Tang and the Kuo Min Tang, the latter of which seems to be the more strongly organised. The bulk of the population, however, are quite uninterested, and the number of voters is very small, the majority of the people being quite apathetic towards the new régime.\n\nChinkiang.\n\nRobberies by disbanded troops in the neighbourhood of Chinkiang seem to have continued intermittently throughout the past few months, but the authorities are doing what they can to maintain order. His Majesty's consul asked for and obtained a guard for the district where the missionaries chiefly live, and this measure has proved effective in preventing further robberies in that quarter. The general reduction in the number of cases of serious crime is credited to the action of one Yang Piao, battalion commander in the 64th regiment, formerly a village bully in Hupei, who has now acquired a great reputation as a merciless hunter of bad characters. He has made a number of important arrests from time to time, and the accused, disbanded soldiers or civilians, have been put to death. Colonel Yang executed the condemned in several cases with his own hand, using a revolver.\n\nThe operations against brigands in the Hsüchoufu country have evidently been of good effect, the district of Pei Hsien being now comparatively free from robbers, and merchants are resuming their normal business there. A party of disbanded soldiers, mostly Tsingkiangpu men, left Hsüchoufu about the end of December for Chinkiang. Thence they were moved on in boats towed by launches until, on arriving at Shaopo, they broke out and looted all the launch stations at that place. They eventually reached their destination without further trouble and dispersed.\n\nThe primary elections for the Provincial and National Assemblies took place in December. For the National Assembly, Chinkiang is the centre of the third district, which contains an electorate of 612,341. The primary elections were, here as elsewhere, accompanied by every kind of fraud and trickery, but without disorder. The Kuomintang were again the most active party.\n\nThe condition of the Grand Canal within Kiangsu province is worse than it has been for many years. Launch traffic on certain sections has been intermittent, and the movement of native boats impeded. His Majesty's consul at Chinkiang is endeavouring to rouse the local authorities to the seriousness of the matter.\n\nKiangsi.\n\nThe last quarter of 1912 passed, for the most part, uneventfully, as far as the province of Kiangsi was concerned. The flow of administrative reforms which\n\n216",
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    {
        "id": 458880,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-429 - Public Offices & Others - 1915",
        "page_number": 441,
        "title": "CO129-429 - Public Offices & Others - 1915",
        "content_text": "439\n\n1\n\n嗚岐)。\n\nCheung Ming Ki (\n\nHe states that General Lung has recently received so many reports as to an outbreak that he does not know what to think or do. Tang Yiu Kwong expressed a hope that Cheung would not suddenly leave Canton as he did last time.\n\nMr. Li Ping said casually that he had heard there was going to be trouble. Asked if he had heard any date suggested and he said no but that it would be quite soon. He also said that the Wai Chau men would start the business.\n\n2. Under date of August 28th, the following information has been received through the medium of Captain L.E. Canning, Staff Officer, Shanghai Volunteer Corps :-\n\nWith regard to the Sikhs I enclose two cuttings from the \"Shanghai Times\"; there is a lot of discontent among them and they show it to a certain extent, They are now being registered here and so far over 500 watchmen have come forward, this is excluding police.\n\nThere are a good many returning from America and fetching up here and I am sure they are up to no good. As soon as the registration boom is over Sir Everard Fraser is going to have those not registered run in and then perhaps there may be an attempt by their pals to rescue them, anyway, Major Trueman, Commandant S.V.C., has informed the British unit commanders to test their mobilization schemes. This Sikh registration certificate has a photo of the gentleman who holds it on and shipping companies have been warned they are not to be taken as passports. Sir Everard Fraser has also asked Sir John Jordan to issue an order that Sikhs can no longer act as watchmen to Germans and if this comes out and the men get sacked, they will have no visible means of support and they will be taken before the Police",
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    {
        "id": 469428,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "page_number": 302,
        "title": "CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917",
        "content_text": "fail to find a single opium-poppy. On arrival at Lungling, the consulate writer and I were entertained to a Chinese dinner-party in his yamên,\n\nThe discovery of only one solitary field of opium along the route between Nantien and Lungling must, I think, be taken as evidence of the strenuous efforts which have been made during the past few months to eradicate all traces of the prescribed plant; from one or two more talkative residents encountered en route I obtained admissions of a considerable recrudescence of cultivation during last year, but all agreed as to the thorough measures of suppression carried out since November last. In the T'engch'ung district, for instance, no less than three separate expeditions of eradication had been sent out, under territorial, military, and police officials respectively, and it is only just to place on record that their duties were performed in a very thorough manner.\n\nThe normal order of procedure was for my caravan, headed by the writer and myself, to take the lead, and for the Taoyin's more imposing party to bring up the rear. The 1st April was, however, appropriately celebrated by the failure of the Taoyin's party to keep touch with us at a parting of the ways, this added some 2 miles for them to the long and undulating road to Siangta. Thence to P'ingka is normally reckoned as a single though lengthy stage for caravans; at the Taoyin's request we split it into two, halting at the small hamlet of Huchiachal, 7,000 feet high, picturesquely situated in the midst of dense groves of bamboos. At Huchiachal we encountered our first rain, and thereafter we had not a single rainless day until the 19th April. From Pingka to Hankuai, high above the right bank of the Salween, with a magnificent view of the lofty mountains on the other side, was another long day's march.\n\nThe crossing of the Salween was a tedious business for so large a cavalcade; two bamboo rafts were provided, taking only some five mule-loads or ten men on each trip; the method of propulsion across the swift current was by a species of flat umbrella fashioned of stout bamboo; at each end of the craft an \"oarsman\" plied one of these cumbrous weapons by plunging it into the water and pulling it towards himself with powerful strokes.\n\nArrived at the left bank of the Salween, we were in the Chênk'ang district; and at the head of the very long and stiff ascent from the river we were met by the local magistrate, Tang Te-ch'uan, a pleasant elderly official, who travelled with us until we left his jurisdiction. Tê-tang, where his official residence is, was our third halt after crossing the Salween; this place was made memorable for me by a sufficiently unhappy experience. Somewhere about A.M. a gale of wind, accompanied by torrents of rain, brought my tent down over my head, and my slumbers to a beautifully abrupt close.\n\nThe town of Chênk'ang was reached next day. Formerly there was a Chinese Shan Sawbwa of Chenkung, but his downfall was brought about as the result of the Manchu viceroy, Hsi Liang's, policy for the gradual absorption of the Chinese Shan States into direct Chinese administration; and save for a few picturesque ruins of the Sawbwa's palace, the place is now shorn of any pomp and circumstance it may have once possessed.\n\nTwelve days' travel, although for the most part along comparatively unfrequented routes, had now disclosed but one solitary field of opium-poppy, and I therefore decided on a somewhat rash experiment. None of the four maps of Yunnan which I took with me gave any indication of a road from Chênk'ang to Mienning, the next district town on my list, and the recognised routes between these two places are circuitous in the extreme, passing through either Shunning or Yünchow. I ascertained, however, that a road practicable for chairs existed, and elected to attempt it. Fortunately, by this time the Tengyueh Taoyin had resigned himself to accepting my lead, or he would almost certainly have protested. For five days we followed the roughest of mountain paths, which had in many places to be prepared overnight for our transit by the felling of trees and clearing of jungle. At none of the intermediate halts, Pank'a, Maulung, Hup'o, and Manlai, we were assured, had a white traveller ever been seen, and I cannot recommend my example as one to be lightly followed. The only camping-ground to be found at Manlai was on a wind-swept spur projecting out of a deep ravine, and once again a sudden hurricane brought my tent crashing down.\n\nBelow Manlai our route crossed the Namting River by a ford which would obviously be impracticable during the heavier rains of midsummer. At the Namting we quitted the Chênk'ang district and entered the jurisdiction of the Chinese Shan Sawbwa of Kengma. During our six days of travel through Chenkang territory we had found no opium crops whatever, though I learnt that there had been a small harvest of the earliest sown poppy. The magistrate was said, however, to have been indefatigable in the work of eradication, and I was assured—not by himself—that since November of last year he had never been in residence at his post for five consecutive days.\n\nDuring our day and a-half through the jurisdiction of the Kengma Sawbwa we were escorted by his Shan-Chinese clerk, who was full of his recent visit to Rangoon and Lashio in attendance on his master. The road from the left or south-east bank of the Namting River was a terribly steep ascent for some 3,000 feet, which we negotiated in pouring rain; this was succeeded by a hair-raising path—with an average breadth of 14 inches at the most—for some 5 miles along the edge of a precipice. After the heavy rain the surface of red laterite was so treacherously slippery that I felt safer on my sure-footed Yunnan pony than on my own legs.\n\nOur next halt, the Shan village of Chepi, was on a route traversed more than twenty years ago by H. R. Davies, the standard authority on the province of Yunnan, and doubtless by other foreigners since; here for the first time I abandoned my tent, in favour of a comparatively clean temple.\n\nAt this point we were met by a guard of honour sent out to meet us by the P'uêrh Taoyin, who had arrived at Mienning, our pre-arranged meeting-place, on the 11th April. I owe the noisy but efficient commandant a debt of gratitude for his thorough arrangements for my comfort at each of our halting places throughout the Mienning district.\n\nFor several days in succession I had seen nothing whatever of the Tengyueh Taoyin; at Chêpi, however, much to my surprise, he rode over to call on me. The reason for the visit was only apparent when he propounded the astonishing request that as during seventeen days' travel in his circuit we had only found one field of opium-poppy, I would overlook it in my report to His Majesty's Chargé d'Affaires.\n\nOn my replying that, had we found one hundred I should be bound to report one hundred, and that I must equally report the one; he then suggested that I should add a rider that the field found was close to the scene of military operations against the offending Kachins. To this I rejoined that I had been over the country in question and he had not, and that I knew for a fact that the two places were at least two and a-half days' journey apart. Soon afterwards he took his leave, considerably crestfallen.\n\nApril 14th: Shortly after leaving Chêpi the road to Mienning makes a very steep ascent of some 3,000 feet, on to a lofty shoulder, the view from which on a clear day must be magnificent, embracing extensive country in the jurisdiction of Shunning and Kengma, in the Tengyueh circuit, and Mienning in the Puerh circuit. On an open bit of grass land just beyond a pillar marking the boundary, a large booth had been erected, and we were met by the Puerh Taoyin and the Mienning district magistrate, each of whom furnished a guard of honour. The Puerh Taoyin, Lu Pang-shun, a Kiangsu man aged 56, has held office for the past twenty-one years in Yunnan, and possesses a very thorough knowledge of the province. Two periods of service he has spent in Tengyueh, first as sub-prefect in Manchu times, and secondly as taotai under the Republic in 1913. The Mienning magistrate, Hsieh Yunan, has formerly held a billet in the War Office in Peking; he struck me as being unusually intelligent and capable.\n\nAt Pingyehhsün, where we halted for the night, the two Taoyins came over to call. From the first, Mr. Lu showed up very favourably beside his Tengyueh colleague, and displayed a friendly acquiescence in my suggestions with regard to our joint tour.\n\nThe following day we reached the ancient walled city of Mienning, inhabited by a mixed population of Chinese and Shans, while Lolos and natives of several other tribes inhabit the surrounding villages. On arrival at the city, we were escorted for a sort of Jericho-tour round the walls before being conducted to the old lieutenant-general's yamên, especially done up for the occasion, where ample quarters were provided for both Taoyins and their escorts, and a refreshingly clean and well-aired suite of rooms was set apart for me.\n\nMy caravan had now been on the move for nineteen consecutive days; men and animals had, I felt, well earned a rest, and I accepted without compunction the friendly invitation of Lu Taoyin and the magistrate to stop over one day in Mienning. The first night they entertained the Tengyueh Taoyin and myself at dinner; the next day they gave me a bathing-party picnic at a hot sulphur spring some 3 miles outside the town.\n\nFor the journey from Mienning to Szemao my first care was to ascertain the route followed by Lu Taoyin to the rendezvous; he had come, as I expected, by the most direct road through Chingku hsien (the modern name of Weiyuant'ing of Manchu times). I asked Mr. Lu point-blank whether he had seen any opium cultivation on his outward journey; he replied that a few isolated patches had been sown at the beginning of the season.\n\n[2729 -1]\n\n298",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-445 - Public Offices - 1917.txt",
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    {
        "id": 489451,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 599,
        "title": "CO129-470 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "## 2\n\nDuring July, several opium dens were reported to have been closed in Swatow by the police and military. In September, however, following the advent of Ch'en Chiung Ming into the district, a head office for the curing of the opium habit was established by the Kwangtung army at Mei-hsien, where a drug, partly composed of opium, was on sale at 7 dollars an ounce.\n\nTengyueh.\n\nNothing more has been heard on the Tengyueh side of the Mintha and other leaders of the plot to ferment trouble on the frontier last season. Although rewards of 5,000 rupees have been offered by the Burma Government for information leading to the arrest of their leaders, no clues have been forthcoming.\n\nFrom information supplied to the district superintendent of police on the 20th June last, by a youth who claimed to be the younger son of the Mintha, Saw Yan Baing, His Majesty's consul learned that there were Burmans living in Nantien, although only shortly before the Sawbwa of that region had declared that no Burmans were there.\n\nThe Taoyin continued to take the stand that the Yunnan Government cannot be held responsible for the trouble on the frontier last season, because the plot was the work of bad characters from Burma.\n\nIn spite of all representations made and promises given, the Yunnan Government has done nothing to re-establish Chinese military posts on the frontier, and, as far as preventive measures on the Chinese side are concerned, things are exactly in the same position as they were last year. Successive Taoyins and magistrates here seem to have been animated by a single motive—the desire to get rich quickly, and everything is sacrificed to their greed and rapacity.\n\nThere have been no cases of robbery, and west of Talifu, at any rate, the roads are safe for travelling and trade. East of Talifu, the brigand Yang Tien-fa continued to be the cause of much nervous apprehension to travellers until his surrender to the authorities about the end of October, since when he has been at Yunnan-fu.\n\nHankow.\n\nThe feeling of apprehension and excitement which existed during the summer months owing to the passage through the province of Chang Ching-yao's demoralised troops and to the activities of Wu Kuang-hsin has now subsided, and outwardly at least conditions have again become normal.\n\nAt one time, the situation appeared to contain all the necessary ingredients for an upheaval on a considerable scale. The south of the province was alive with bands of armed men retreating by the road and river towards Hankow, and the adherents of the Anfu Party were leaving no stone unturned in their efforts to cause a diversion in favour of their leaders in Peking. But the utter collapse of the Anfu Party effectually damped the ardour of the Northern troops in Hupeh, and the desire of the Tuchun to keep peace in the province inclined him to abstain from any drastic action against the defeated party.\n\nThroughout the Anfu-Chihli struggle, the provincial authorities displayed the greatest anxiety to ensure the safety of foreign traders. On application from His Majesty's consul-general, some scores of proclamations were posted at the agencies, both in Hupeh and Hunan, of the Asiatic Petroleum Company and the British-American Tobacco Company, and other firms doing business in the interior, ordering the troops of the local officials to afford special protection to the agencies, and specifically referring to the goods stored there as the property of foreign firms.\n\nAbout the beginning of July, the renewal of the proposal to reconstruct Hankow with the proceeds of a loan from Messrs. Samuel and Co., and the formal appointment by the Central Government of Chang Kuo-kau to take charge of the works gave rise to considerable excitement, and the local newspapers constantly published articles violently opposing the scheme, on the ground that the agreement with Messrs. Samuel and Co. had not been published. In the end, Chang Kuo-kan resigned his post of director, and but little has been heard of the scheme since.\n\nOn the 29th September last, Vice-Admiral Sir A. L. Duff arrived at Hankow with H.M.S. `Alacrity` and `Hawkins`. At the Consulate-General and at Wuchang, official luncheons were given, at which the Tuchun and Commander-in-chief were present. The British Chambers of Commerce and China Association also gave a dinner in honour of Admiral Duff, and were much gratified at the interest shown by the admiral in commercial matters.\n\n## 3\n\nCanton.\n\nWith the complete overthrow of the Anfu Party in the North, it appeared probable by the end of July that there would be an early reunion of the Chihli and Kuangsi parties, if not actually of the whole country, and locally it was felt that events in the North would effectively discourage any attempt at a demonstration by Ch'en Chiung Ming, and that the Yunnanese would prefer to make terms rather than challenge the armies of the rest of the provinces. These hopes were, however, not to be realised; war has raged since August in the province of Kwangtung, where, after his sudden descent upon Swatow, Ch'en Chiung Ming advanced slowly on Canton, held by General Mo Yung Hsin, the Tuchun, and his Kwangsi troops. Chen's progress was definitely checked at Waichow, and he might have been obliged to abandon his project had not Generals Wei Pang-ping, chief of police, and Li Fu-lin, commanding Cantonese troops at Honam, declared independence on the 27th September. At the same time, they issued a notice calling on Mo Yung Hsin to resign and return to Kwangsi forthwith, giving him three days in which to leave—a futile project, in view of the strength of the Kwangsi garrison in Canton.\n\nAt the beginning of October, as a result of representations made to both sides by the Consular Body, an armistice was agreed upon. Mo Yung Hsin expressed his willingness to retire and to return to Kwangsi with his troops, and only the question of the payment of the latter requires consideration. His demands are variously stated at from 2,000,000 to 4,000,000 dollars, a portion of such payment to be made before he resigns, and the retention of their arms and ammunition by his men.\n\nNeither party has made concessions, and there seems to be no prospect of a lasting settlement without the intervention of the Central Government.\n\nOpium has for a long time been smuggled into Kwangtung from Yunnan, and the drug is smoked openly on passenger boats and launches. When, in consequence of the split between the two Southern parties, Tang Chi-yao sent a force to watch the Kwangsi-Yunnan boundary near Pose, the Kwangsi authorities decided that a strict campaign against opium smuggling would be the most efficient weapon against this force, which depended on the trade for funds. The searching of motor-boats began to be carried out particularly carefully in August, when it became evident that the Yunnanese military authorities were pursuing a victorious career in Szechuan. Motor-launches were constantly stopped and suspected shops were raided.\n\nChungking.\n\nThe outstanding development of the quarter was the movement towards making Chungking the seat of Government of the South-West Confederacy. In connection with this, General Li Lieh-chun, Chief of Staff of the Military Government, arrived in the city on the 6th September for the purpose of setting up general headquarters; the most direct result of his visit was the production of dissension between the Kweichow and Yunnan commands. Towards the end of September, the members of the old Canton Parliament arrived; their stay proved, however, a short one, and as the Parliament never entered on its functions in the city, Chungking's elevation to metropolitan rank was brief and inglorious.\n\nThe conduct of the Kweichow troops was a source of complaint throughout the quarter, and on more than one occasion, newly arrived bodies made their presence felt by wholesale theft and commandeering of foreign junks. In every case, however, His Majesty's consul's representations to their commander-in-chief, General Wang Wen-hua, were successful, and the stolen property was restored to the rightful owners.\n\nA singular feature of the quarter was the number of preventive arrests made by the local Kweichow commandant, who laid hands on all persons suspected of sympathy with Hsiung K'o-wu's cause. The majority of these \"suspects\" were released on security after one night's incarceration, which, as described by one of their number, must have rivalled the Black Hole of Calcutta.\n\nAs a result of representations made to His Majesty's consul and his colleagues by the Commissioner of Foreign Affairs in connection with the storage in foreign premises of Chinese goods, a circular was sent to all British missionaries in the district requesting them to afford protection to women and children only or to people with whom they were personally acquainted.\n\nAt no time under any sort of control in this province, brigandage has during the recent hostilities become so great a pest that junk traffic between Chungking and ... \n\nPage 6047 α-6  \nB 2  \n596",
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    {
        "id": 490049,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "page_number": 540,
        "title": "CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921",
        "content_text": "## 98\n\nTo enforce the order for payment to headquarters to meet military requirements, orders were issued accordingly to the Trainband to collect the tax and send it forward within a time-limit of one week. Since then a long time has elapsed; but as yet the Trainband has made no remittance to this office; this implies serious negligence and delay.\n\nThis order is hereby issued instructing the Trainband to obey the previous order and promptly to send here the amount due. In the event of any further negligence or delay, the head of the Trainband will be summoned and payments will be enforced without any leniency.\n\n**LI CHIH, Magistrate.**\n\n30th day of the 7th month of the 8th year of the Chinese Republic (the 30th July, 1919).\n\n## 99\n\nThe following reply has also been received from the Civil Governor of Fukien :-\n\nOpium suppression was formerly very successful in Fukien. Last year, however, owing to the occurrence of military operations, bandits and bad characters have become prevalent throughout the countryside, and have taken the opportunity of distributing the seed. Under the circumstances this could scarcely have been avoided. Circular instructions are, however, now being issued for strict suppression, and if as much as an inch of poppy plant appears above ground, the local officials as well as the illicit cultivators are most severely punished. It is also proposed to put into operation a provisional scheme for the prohibition of cultivation in eight articles, which is submitted for consideration.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**Seal of Wai-chiao Pu.**\n\n## No. 41\n\nMr. Lampson to Earl Curzon. (Received May 7.)\n\nMy Lord,\n\nPeking, March 11, 1920.\n\nWITH reference to Sir John Jordan's despatch of the 27th August, 1919, I have the honour to transmit herewith translation of a letter from the Wai-chiao Pu replying to the complaints then made regarding opium cultivation in Szechuan and Fukien.\n\nCopies of the Wai-chiao Pu's letter are being forwarded to His Majesty's consular officers in Szechuan and Fukien for their information.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**MILES W. LAMPSON.**\n\n## No. 42\n\nMr. Lampson to Earl Curzon. (Received June 11.)\n\nMy Lord,\n\nPeking, March 19, 1920.\n\nWITH reference to Sir John Jordan's despatch of the 4th November, 1919, I have the honour to transmit herewith translation of a letter from the Wai-chiao Pu informing me of the steps that are being taken to suppress the opium traffic in Szechuan.\n\nIt will be clear to your Lordship from earlier reports that these protestations from Chinese officials need not be taken too literally, but it is nevertheless satisfactory to note that some attention is being paid to the matter.\n\nI am forwarding a copy of the Wai-chiao Pu's letter to His Majesty's consul-general at Chengtu, who will doubtless report in due course on the real extent of the Governor's activities.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 41\n\nWai-chiao Pu to Mr. Lampson,\n\nPeking, March 6, 1920.\n\nI HAVE the honour to refer to Sir John Jordan's note of the 27th August last, regarding the reports received of the cultivation of the poppy in Szechuan and Fukien, which were to the effect that cultivation was openly encouraged by the officials, who made large profits by taxing the opium produced. His Excellency stated that the above showed conclusively that China was not carrying out her obligations under the agreement of 1911, and added that he had therefore to enter a further formal protest with my Government on the subject.\n\nThis Ministry thereupon communicated with the Governors of Szechuan and Fukien provinces directing them to instruct the local officials to take stringent measures for investigation and prohibition. The following reply has now been received from the Civil Governor of Szechuan :-\n\nSince the assumption by Governor Hsiung of the joint office of Civil and Military Governor, strict instructions have repeatedly been sent out to the officers in charge of troops, police and train bands, to see that the prohibition of opium is energetically and strictly enforced in the country districts.\n\nAfter my assumption of office as Civil Governor I have also made every effort, and have despatched delegates to supervise investigations. Wherever opium is reported, despatches and telegrams are immediately sent out setting a time limit for the eradication of the plants; and in cases where magistrates are inadequate in making progress, they are cashiered and severely punished, or if deserving of lighter punishment, fined and noted for their faults. Despatches and proclamations are on record in proof of the above. As regards Eastern Szechuan, in consequence of the receipt of complaints regarding recrudescence of poppy cultivation there, special delegates were sent by the Civil and Military Governors to make secret investigations in those parts, and to take measures zealously from time to time for the complete eradication of the opium poison.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 42\n\nWai-chiao Pu to Mr. Lampson,\n\nPeking, March 13, 1920.\n\nI HAVE the honour to refer to Sir John Jordan's memorandum regarding the traffic in native opium in Kuangsi, Szechuan and Hupei, forwarding documentary and photographic evidence of the same, and to the reports from Szechuan and Hupeh transmitted by this Ministry in reply.\n\nA further report has now been received from the Civil Governor of Szechuan to the following effect:—\n\n\"Kuo Chang-ming, the commandant of the Han Chun troops on the 2nd Circuit, mentioned in the British Minister's memorandum, has already been instructed by Governor Hsiung to vacate his office and await the results of an enquiry, while Li Chih, magistrate of Hsi-ch'ang Hsien, has long since been removed by this office. Strict instructions have now been repeatedly issued to the Taoyin concerned for the carrying out of opium suppression in Southern Chien-chang, and capable officers, Chou Chih-hsun, Wang Cheng-yuan, and Li I-lung, have been despatched to proceed to those parts to make investigations; so that by the time spring turns into summer the neighbourhood will be uniformly clean.”\n\nI have the honour to observe that according to the above report opium suppression in Szechuan is progressing on strict lines, and that the officials who were remiss with regard to poppy cultivation have all been dismissed from their posts. This is in accordance with the policy of opium suppression followed by the Central Government.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**Seal of Wai-chiao Pu.**\n\nPage 540\nPage 541",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-471 - Public Offices - 1921.txt",
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    {
        "id": 493288,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "page_number": 196,
        "title": "CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922",
        "content_text": "196\n\nhad arrived. He would answer no questions, and said it was sufficient for me to know they were in Chengtu.\n\nI was naturally anxious not to attach undue importance to a threat of this kind, still I considered it would be not only foolish but wrong absolutely to ignore it. I therefore took the letter to General Liu Yu-hsi for his comments. He said there was no danger whatever, he would accept responsibility for the safety of all foreigners, the T'ung I Hui would never dare to commit murder, but he added that, as a precaution, he would inform the Police Commissioner and the Commandant of the city Quarters.\n\nFour days later he was not quite so confident, and told me that precautions were being taken and that, if he could, he meant to round up the gang.\n\nStrict precautions are being taken, for three nights ago I was challenged by the Police three times in the street adjoining the Consulate General, and the Police also ordered my night watchman at nine thirty p.m. to close and bolt the main entrance, although I was not in.\n\nI have brought the letter confidentially to the notice of the Superintendents of all British Missions with a request that they would, from time to time, furnish me with any positive signs, not rumours, of the existence of anti-foreign feeling in this Province.\n\nI think the question is serious, especially when taken in conjunction with the Servants' Guild and the Labour Self-Governing Society.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-477 - Public Offices - 1922.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 503172,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "page_number": 247,
        "title": "CO129-493 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [6-8]",
        "content_text": "20\n\nTENNIS LEAGUE.\n\nJuly 15.\n\nTwo matches were played yesterday in the Tennis League.\n\nAs a result of their victory over Craigengower in \"B\" division, the Chinese Recreation Club top the table in this division.\n\nOVERLAND CHINA MAIL\n\nDIVISION B.\n\nK.C.C. v. Club de Recreio.\n\nJack and Gittens lost to Noronha and Prata on the beat Xavier and Xavier\n\nThe match was played on C.R.C.'s courts. Scores:- Yew Man-kit and Lay Man-ching beat A. Zimmern and J. W. Leonard\n\nBeat W. J. Howard and W. E. Crocker\n\nBeat G. A. Hyder and A. R. Remedios\n\nKwok Po-kan and Lau Fook-ki lost to A. Zimmern and J. W. Leonard\n\nC.S.C.C. v. H.K.C.C.\n\nPlaying at home, the Civil Service C.C. \"B\" team lost to the H.K.C.C.\n\nC. Choa and H. Lo beat A. Zimmern and J. W. Leonard 8-3\n\nVice C.C. \"B\" team lost to the H.K.C.C.\n\nTENNIS.\n\n[No. 2998. July 22, 1926.\n\nBILLIARDS FINAL.\n\nJuly 20.\n\nThe final of the Palace Hotel billiards handicap was played last night, and after a keen struggle resulted in a victory for F. M. da Cruz (owe 200) over G. Moore (owe 200) by 250 to 212 points.\n\nAt the conclusion of the match, the prizes were given away by Mr. C. Bond.\n\nWinner: F. M. da Cruz. Prize presented by Messrs. W. R. Loxley and Co.\n\nRunner-up: G. Moore. Prize presented by Messrs. Wing On Co.\n\n3rd Prize:- L. A. Osmund. Presented by Messrs. Gande Price & Co., Ltd.\n\nA BY-ELECTION.\n\nELECTION OF LEGISLATIVE COUNCILLOR.\n\nOFFICIAL NOTICE.\n\nLEAGUE TABLES.\n\nDivision A.\n\n  \n    P.\n    W.\n    L.\n    Pts.\n  \n  \n    Indian R.C.\n    6\n    5\n    1\n    10\n  \n  \n    Chinese R.C.\n    4\n    4\n    -\n    8\n  \n  \n    Kowloon C.C.\n    4\n    3\n    1\n    6\n  \n  \n    M.B.K.\n    4\n    2\n    2\n    4\n  \n  \n    United Services\n    6\n    2\n    4\n    4\n  \n  \n    University\n    6\n    1\n    5\n    2\n  \n  \n    Hongkong C.C.\n    6\n    1\n    5\n    2\n  \n\nDivision B.\n\n  \n    Chinese R.C.\n    8\n    8\n    -\n    16\n  \n  \n    M.B.K.\n    8\n    5\n    3\n    10\n  \n  \n    University\n    8\n    6\n    2\n    12\n  \n  \n    Hongkong C.C.\n    10\n    6\n    4\n    12\n  \n  \n    Craigengower\n    8\n    5\n    3\n    10\n  \n  \n    Indian R.C.\n    7\n    4\n    3\n    8\n  \n  \n    Kowloon C.C.\n    +\n    *\n    6\n    6\n  \n  \n    United Services\n    7\n    2\n    5\n    4\n  \n  \n    Civil Service\n    9\n    2\n    7\n    4\n  \n  \n    Club de Recreio\n    *\n    2\n    6\n    1\n    38\n  \n  \n    Netherlands T.C.\n    9\n    -\n    8\n    2\n  \n\nDivision C.\n\n  \n    Club de Recreio\n    7\n    5\n    2\n    10\n  \n  \n    Kowloon C.C.\n    8\n    4\n    4\n    8\n  \n  \n    Hongkong C.C.\n    7\n    3\n    4\n    7\n  \n  \n    Craigengower\n    7\n    2\n    5\n    4\n  \n  \n    Taikoo\n    10\n    1\n    9\n    2\n  \n\nPlaying at home, the Kowloon C.C. \"B\" team beat the Club de Recreio 54-45.\n\nK.C.C. 54; Recreio 45.\n\nC.R.C. 69, Craigengower 30.\n\nThe Recreio, by getting 41 games, have scored the highest against the leaders.\n\nScores:- Remedios and Barrette lost to Ma Wei-but and H. S. Lee 4-7\n\nLost to Cheng Chi-wing and Chiu Tsun-chin\n\nDIVISION C.\n\nC.C.C. v. K.C.C.\n\nPlaying at home, the Craigengower C.C. \"C\" team lost to the Kowloon C.C. 41-58.\n\nJuly 19. Only three matches were played in the Tennis League on Saturday, the Kowloon Cricket Club winning both in which they were engaged.\n\nH.K.C.C. \"B\" won (away) in the other match.\n\nF. M. da Cruz defeated L. A. Osmund in the semi-final of the Palace Hotel billiards handicap last night by 250 points to 181. Both owe 200 mark.\n\nScoring was fast all through. Cruz made a break of 79, 8 points more than the previous best (so far held by Osmund).\n\nCruz meets G. Moore (owe 200) in the final next Monday.\n\nOn July 24, L. A. Osmund (champion of the Colony) meets F. Jones in an exhibition match. Jones is a new arrival. He has a big reputation as a cueist and is described as champion of the Naval Yard.\n\nJuly 17.\n\nL. A. Osmund (owe 200) won the third prize in the Palace Hotel billiards handicap by defeating J. W. Anderson (scr.) on Friday.\n\nOsmund scored breaks of 19, 32, 21, 22, 38, 28, 54 and 15.\n\nThe final score was 250 to 114 points in Osmund's favour.\n\nC.C.C. 41; K.C.C. 58.\n\nIt is notified in the Government Gazette by command of His Excellency the Governor that an election by the Justices of the Peace of a Justice of the Peace to serve on the Legislative Council, during the absence of the Hon. Sir Henry Edward Pollock, K.C., will take place at the Registry, Supreme Court, on Monday, July 26, commencing at 4 o'clock in the afternoon.\n\nThe ballot-box will be closed at 5.30 p.m.\n\nJustices of the Peace who are Government Officials are not entitled to take part in these proceedings.\n\nEvery candidate must be nominated in writing by one Justice and seconded by another and the nomination delivered to the undersigned not later than 4 pm. on Thursday, July 22.\n\nForms may be obtained at the Magistracy.\n\nSub-Inspector Stimson, of the Kowloon City Police Station, effected the arrest of five Chinese who are alleged to have taken part in snatching a pair of bangles from a Chinese girl on Saturday afternoon.\n\nThey were remanded for a week when brought before the Kowloon Magistrate on July 19.\n\nNo. 2998. July 22, 1926.)\n\nANOTHER SHOOTING.\n\nJuly 16.\n\nAn inquiry into the death of a Chinese from a bullet wound inflicted by a detective on the night of June 26 commenced before Mr. R. E. Lindsell and a jury at the Central Magistracy yesterday afternoon.\n\nThe deceased was alleged to be one of four suspicious characters who ran away from the detective when he accosted them.\n\nDr. Craig in his medical evidence said that he found three bullet wounds on the body, one of which pierced the liver and intestines.\n\nThe first and third shots were apparently fired from behind and the other was fired from the front.\n\nDeath was due to shock and haemorrhage caused by the wounds.\n\nThe Chinese mortuary attendant gave evidence of picking up a spent bullet which fell out of the dead man's clothing.\n\nHe also deposed to finding a canvas knife sheath inside the socks.\n\nFurther evidence was to the effect that the detective gave chase and shots were fired by the detective at the runaway.\n\nThe deceased dropped dead near the Central Market.\n\nWhen the dead body was taken to the Police Station, a dagger was found among the man's clothing.\n\nAddressing the jury, Mr. Lindsell related the circumstances of the affair and said it would be for them to decide whether the shooting was justifiable or not.\n\nThe inquiry was adjourned until to-day for the evidence of the detective.\n\nOVERLAND PASSENGER LIST.\n\nARRIVALS.\n\nList of passengers arrived per \"President Grant\" from Manila, on July 14:\n\nMr. S. Benes, Miss M. Brewer, Mr. S. Roth, Rev. F. H. Schorberg, Rev. Mr. and Mrs. F. V. de Weerd, Miss J. T. Moran, Mr. F. H. Taylor, Mr. G. M. Langdon, Mr. S. H. Smith, V. Paranpan, Mr. F. M. Panlilio, Mr. and Mrs. William Snaith, Mr. W. A. Hemingway, Mrs. Yong Tong, Miss M. Stein, Mr. T. A. Smart, Mrs. Master Ton Pai-yau, Mr. and Mrs. Smart, Miss C. Toye, Mr. J. Toles, A. E. Keene, Mr. and Mrs. H. 8. Mr. H. Wall, Mr. C. F. Diddle.\n\nDEPARTURES.\n\nList of passengers left for Manila on July 14:-\n\nMr. B. De Guzman, Mrs. E. DP Guzman, Mr. M. De Guzman, Mr. C. Freeland, Mr. W. A. Hemingway, Mr. M. Jalbuena, Mr. Wong Quan-bat. Mr. Stanley Kong Nam. Mr. Po Kong, Miss N. Benes, Miss I. Oulton, Miss A. Skinner. Mr. Tan It, Mr. H. C. Stewart. Miss A. Bredin. Mr. E. Whittall, Mr. and Mrs. A. A. Bryan, Miss M. Ahern, Mr. G. Albie, Mr. Fujioka. Miss Wong Poi-chan, Miss Wong Woon-chan, Mr. Lum Hoi-chiu and Mr. Wong Tze-fung.\n\nList of passengers arrived per \"Taiping\" from Australia via Ports, on July 15:-\n\nMr. and Mrs. B. G. Quick, Mr. M. Manuk, Mr. and Mrs. Jennings and child. Capt. C. P. Miller, Mr. S. R. Smith, Mrs. T. Maloney, Miss H. Hylton, Miss J. Hylten.\n\nMiss Beulah Bartlett, Mrs. H. Hight, Miss D. Jonese, Mr. and Mrs. Blythe Monroe\n\nMrs. H. Eckart and Miss G. S. F. Jackson, Mr. 1. Krick. Mr. Coleman, Mr. and Mrs. Guillet, Mr. J Kelter, Mr. W. F. Kee. Mr. and Mrs. S. W. Edmonson and two children.\n\nMrs. N. F. Gray, Mr. S. Long Tep. Mr. Joquin Loriga, Miss M. M. Maruin.\n\nMrs. I. H. Geare, a resident of Shanghai returning from Shanghai, Mr. and Mrs P. H. Bryce, and family, Mr. J. Barrett and Mrs. Mrs. C. L. McCallum, Mr. and Mrs. C. R. Morser. Mr. II. R. Maag. Mr. L. M. Mendith. Mr. W. E. Mitchell, Mrs. W.\n\nMr. C. V. Rosa, a business man of Kobe, who is on a short business trip to Hongkong.\n\nMr. Chin Hov, a Chinese business man of Grand Rapids, Michigan, returning to China with his wife and daughter for a visit.\n\nList of passengers arrived in Hongkong from Manila per s.s. \"President Taft\" on July 16:-\n\nMr. A. Von Engelbrechten. Mrs. Orton. Mr. C. H. Owen. Mr. S. E. Powell, Rev, and Mrs. H. S. Potter, Miss R. E. Burer, Mrs. R. B. Clark, Mr. G. Pettreguin, Mr. Qua Chi-pao, Miss M. C. Clark, Prof. B. H. Crocheron. Mr. and Mrs. F. P. Nutting, Master N. Reese. Miss Nutting, Master F. P. Nutting. Jr.. M. Steen, Mr. and Mrs. T. A. Smart.\n\nM. C. C. Abbott. Miss F. Dickson. Miss R. T. Nutting. Mr. D. Tillia, Mr. J. Tolea, Miss G. Toyve, Mr. A. Lewis, Jr., Mr. S. E. R. S. Tozer, Mr, and Mrs. P. Thuman. Mr. V. G. Snapp, Miss R. Macaraig, Mr. E. Aldecoa. Mr. A. Valenzueler, Master M. Valenzueler, Mr. H. Wall, Mr. D. M. Wong, Mr. Wee Ah-kong. Miss L.. Young, and Miss L. Kircher. Mr. F. L. Hammond, Mr. 1. G. Morse, Mr. A. M. Peterson, Mr. R. E. Peterson. Miss M. Renwick, Lieut. R. Snavely and Miss B. Withais.\n\nAmong the passengers by the President Madison which arrived on Sunday were:-\n\nMrs. I. H. Geare, a resident of Shanghai en route to Europe, who is stopping over at Hongkong for a few days.\n\nBlythe Monroe comprised a tourist party from Los Angeles making a tour of the Orient.\n\nMr. C. V. Rosa, a business man of Kobe, who is on a short business trip to Hongkong.\n\nMr. Chin Hov, a Chinese business man of Grand Rapids, Michigan, returning to China with his wife and daughter for a visit.\n\nList of passengers who left Hongkong for San Francisco via Ports per 1.8. \"President Taft\" on July 18:-\n\nRear Admiral Summer Kittelle, Commandant of the Cavite Navy Yard at Cavite. near Manila.\n\nAdmiral Kittelle is accompanied by his wife and three children.\n\nList of passengers arrived by the s.s. \"President Harrison\" on July 19;\n\nMiss A. V. Franklin, Mr. A. W. Reynall, Mr. J. Struthers and Mr. W. Moss.\n\nMr. L. H. Rurke, representative for the Far East for the Diston Saw Company who is on a short visit to the Phillipines in the interests of his company.\n\nMr. and Mrs. L. H. Emmerson. Master F. M. Emmerson. Mr. and Mrs. J. R. Hylton, Miss B. Lyon, Master Wm. Lyon, Rev. and Mrs. R. W. Brachtell. Mr. C. E. Sanstrum. Mr. C. C. Hewes, connected with the United States Consular Service, on a short trip to the Philippines.\n\nMrs. R. T. Capen. Miss H. Capen, Master C. Capen. Mrs. T.. Johnson,\n\nList of passengers per R.M.S. Empress of Russia which arrived at Hongkong on July 19, 1926:\n\nMr. Lee Jow. Mr. Lau Pak-hang. Mr. Liu Wal-roon, Mr. Chow Bong. Dong Ger-wing, Mr. Dong Dal Syburg, Rev. E. Ancito, Rev. J. Mr Lee Suc. Mr. Pon Yark. Mr. Lim. Rev. L. Paequing. Sister M. Leung Fook-yaw. Mr. Ng Lun-shem. The total output of the Kailan Mining Administration's mines for the week ending June 28 amounted to 47,917 tons and the sales during the period to 39,065 tons.\n\nPETTY THEFT.\n\nJuly 19.\n\nMr. G. A. Charles, a tailor residing at 4 Bowring Street, Yaumati reports to the Police that between 1 and 6 p.m. on Saturday clothing and money was taken from the house amounting to $14.\n\nA large number of Kowloon motor cyclists were fined $2 each at the Kowloon Magistracy on July 19 for causing obstruction by parking their machines on the left side of the post at the exit of the Star Ferry wharf near the Railway Station.\n\nMost of them pleaded that the prohibition had not been sufficiently advertised.\n\nMiss Irene Ho Tung, daughter of Sir Robert Ho Tung. is visiting Shanghai.",
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        "title": "CO129-494 - Governor Sir Clementi - 1926 [9-10]",
        "content_text": "2\n\nhim to Nanking as his secretary, and thereupon Ch'an Kwong-meng became acting tu-tuk of Kuang-tung for the first time.\n\nPrior to the abdication of the Manchu Emperor, a provisional republic had been constituted at Nanking with Dr. Sun as President. But, when the Manchu Emperor abdicated on the 12th February, 1912, Dr. Sun resigned in favour of Yuan Shih-k'ai and the centre of the Chinese republican government was transferred from Nanking to Peking. Dr. Sun then returned to Canton bringing with him Lu Hsiu-man. The acting tu-tuk, Ch'an Kwong-meng, promptly resigned; and thereupon Lu Hsiu-man was \"re-elected\" tu-tuk by the Provisional Assembly. He was confirmed in this office by the Peking government on the 12th July, 1912, and Ch'an Kwong-meng became Commandant of the Cantonese army with Lung Tsai-kong as Deputy Commandant.\n\nLung Tsai-kwong, a Yunnanese, was also destined to fill an important role at Canton. He had held high civil and military posts under the Manchu dynasty, chiefly in his native province and in Kuang-hsi, and it was not long before his chance came in Kuang-tung; for on the 14th June, 1913, Lu Hsiu-man was removed from Canton to be Pacificator of Tibet and Ch'an Kwong-meng, who then assumed office as tu-tuk of Kuang-tung for the second time, came next month into conflict with President Yuan Shih-k'ai in connection with the so-called \"Second Revolution\", instigated by the Kuo-min-tang leaders. On the 16th July, 1913, Ch'an Kwong-meng declared the independence of Kuang-tung, whereupon on the 26th July the President appointed Lung Tsai-kwong to be Pacificator...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "page_number": 55,
        "title": "CO129-499-5 Canton situation- governor's despatches 11-3-1927 - 11-3-1927",
        "content_text": "## ENCLOSURE NO.4.\n\n55\n\n**Hon. Captain Superintendent of Police,**\n\n**FRONTIER INCIDENTS**\n\nDuring the past week the following more or less minor incidents occurred on the frontier :-\n\n1. **SHAM CHUN**\n\n(1)\n| \n\nIn my report of the 24th April, 1927, I stated there had been dissension in the garrison at Sham Chun, and that the Commandant, Tang Chi Chiu, was then virtually a prisoner. Early in the past week I learned that Tang had been summoned to Canton and that his chief subordinate, YING TSUN, had assumed command. I have heard since that those of the garrison with \"Red\" sympathies have all deserted.\n\n(2) Yesterday, the 7th inst., there was a demonstration and procession at Sham Chun, staged by the local garrison. The proceedings started with the ceremony of bowing to the picture of the late President Sun, followed by the usual speeches. These latter consisted of diatribes against Communism and the Communist leaders, and others extolling Chiang Kai Shek and the Nationalist aims in general. Bannerets and posters with the new slogans were freely displayed. One of these read \"Down with Japanese Imperialism; the Japanese are the chief pirates of the world\". There were no anti-British slogans.\n\n(3) The railway \"slow through\" service was resumed on Tuesday the 3rd inst., but the \"express through\" service will not be possible until the engines recently wrecked have been repaired.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-502-7 China- general situation 4-3-1927 - 26-4-1927",
        "page_number": 74,
        "title": "CO129-502-7 China- general situation 4-3-1927 - 26-4-1927",
        "content_text": "be able to get back. I will endeavour to obtain and telegraph to you figures showing extent of British interests, but an approximate idea of their magnitude can be gained from a \"Report on Future Government of British Municipal Area\" drawn up by a British advisory committee at Tien-tsin which was forwarded to you via Siberia on 23rd March in my despatch No. 236 and should reach you in a few days. It is also for consideration whether independent evacuation of Tien-tsin would not play into the hands of our Japanese commercial rivals.\n\nIn any case, decision to be taken is one of such importance that I think it essential that ground should be prepared by some Governmental statement in England before any step is inaugurated by this Legation.\n\nI have dealt so far mainly with Tien-tsin, but your telegram under reference refers also to evacuation of Peking. I assume this to refer not only to evacuation of British nationals, but also of Legation. With regard to nationals, I am of course taking normal precautions regarding their safety in case of trouble and am already encouraging such of them as can do so to leave quietly for their summer holidays. As regards Legation, I quite see that His Majesty's Government would be unwilling to leave it inadequately protected at the risk of repetition of Boxer episode, but, on the other hand, I earnestly trust that risk of this possibility will not be exaggerated and that against it will be weighed the enormous loss of prestige which independent withdrawal would undoubtedly involve.\n\nI propose to await your observations on this telegram before taking any action under authority given in your telegram under reference, but matter is pressing.\n\n(Repeated to Shanghai, Commander-in-chief, Hong Kong, Tokyo and Tien-tsin.)\n\n## APPENDIX (C)\n\nDecode telegram from Sir M. Lampson (Peking), No. 642, dated April 8, 1927.\n\nMY telegram No. 634.*\n\nFollowing resolution received to-day from foreign commandants at Tien-tsin:\n\n| Resolution Points | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a.) | Considering state of uncertainty which prevails in North China, it is desirable that strength of each foreign contingent be doubled forthwith. |\n| (b.) | If Southern anti-foreign movement looks like spreading to North China it would be desirable to immediately increase strength of foreign forces to 20,000 men with most up-to-date equipment, including aviation units, in order to ensure adequate defence of Peking and Tien-tsin and to keep open communications between the former and Tangku (minimum demand). In view of importance of mines at Tongshan and possible necessity for keeping open Chin Wang-tao as a port for reinforcement it may be necessary to guard railway between ... and Tangku. In this case additional [? 5,000] men would be needed (maximum demand). |\n| (c.) | Further, commandants are of the opinion that the more troops are on the spot the less likely will it be necessary to take military action, and to this end submit best solution would be to increase garrison in North China forthwith to maximum of 25,000 asked for in paragraph (b) above.” |\n\nThese were discussed at meeting to-day of Japanese, American, French and Italian Ministers and myself, and it was unanimously agreed strongly to recommend them to our Governments.\n\nJapanese Minister, who has special sources of information, gave us gloomiest forecast of the future unless some such step was taken, and evidently has reliable information that terrorist methods of Nanking may be, and almost certainly will be, repeated here and at Tien-tsin if and when the South get here unless steps are taken betimes to be in readiness.\n\nWe were not prepared to take the defensive steps alone; we were already carrying more than our share elsewhere, and it was the turn of others. But I felt little doubt that if other Powers were prepared to play up over North China we should be ready to ...\n\nSee `Appendix (B)`.",
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        "document_key": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "page_number": 88,
        "title": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "content_text": "## NO SECRET \n\nCopies to:  \n- Canton No. 52  \n- Peking No.14  \n- Singapore  \n\n**GOVERNMENT HOUSE, HONG KONG.** 21st March, 1929.  \n\n16  \n07  \n\nCopy  \n7.0. A  \nEnclo. No. 1  \n\nSir,  \n\nWith reference to paragraphs 2 to 6 of my **Secret Despatch** of the 15th March, 1929, I have the honour to inform you that, shortly after lunch today I received a telephone message from General Chan Hing-wan, who is Commandant of the Bocca Tigris forts, asking to be allowed to see me personally on a very urgent matter. I agreed, and within a few minutes General Chan arrived at Government House.  \n\nHe can speak a little English, but he begged to be allowed to speak to me in Chinese, in view of the importance of the communication which he had to make. We, therefore, conversed tête-à-tête in Cantonese.  \n\n2. He first presented to me a letter, of which I attach a translation, from General Tang Shai-tseng, who is acting as Commander-in-Chief of the troops in Kuangtung and Kwangsi during the absence of Marshal Li Chai-sum. This letter, as you will see, states that General Tang had specially deputed  \n\n**THE RIGHT HONOURABLE LIEUTENANT COLONEL L.C.M.S. AMERY, M.P., &c., &c., &c.**",
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        "document_key": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "page_number": 123,
        "title": "CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929",
        "content_text": "# March 1st, 1929.\n\n## Two N.C.O.'s Receive Medals\n\nTo the strains of Handel's 'Scipio' March, the General inspected the ranks, chatting genially with various officers and men from time to time. Then, returning to the saluting base, the General took the salute as the corps marched past in Company formation.\n\nThe companies marched exceptionally well, and the swinging kilts of the Scotties made a brave sight which was accentuated by the flashing glint of swords and bayonets.\n\nAt the halt in front of the General, the wings of the Corps formed left and right companies respectively, the parade taking the shape of three sides of a square. The General then bestowed long service medals on C.S.M. Green and Sergt. Jack. He then made a farewell speech.\n\nThe General spoke warmly of the progress made by the band. This was their first appearance at an annual inspection and they had done extremely well, he said.\n\nThe four years he had spent in Hong Kong had proved to him the value of the Corps as a defence force, and, as a trained body of men, they were a decided asset to the Colony. They were a credit to their energetic and painstaking Commandant, Lieut.-Col. Bird.\n\nMany changes had taken place, and new companies had been formed in order to cope with modern demands. The Corps was now working on right lines and he assured them that, if they were needed in an emergency, they would take their place as a recognised unit side by side with regular forces.\n\n## The New Colours\n\nIt gave him special pleasure, he continued, to observe the new colours, presented to the Corps by the ladies of the Colony, on parade for the first time.\n\nThe Corps would find a warm friend in his successor. General Sandilands had commanded a Territorial Brigade at home not many years ago. Thus he would understand the needs and difficulties of the Corps and would prove a most helpful adviser to them.\n\n\"And now,\" he concluded, \"I wish you goodbye and good luck!\" With the tang of the trombones and cornets and the steady beat of the drum keeping them in step, the Corps swung in fours from the Parade Ground and marched back to their Headquarters.\n\nTo-day, they have donned their civilian clothes and are back again at their office desks wondering if the \"boss\" was there and if he noticed them and their drill.\n\nH.A.F.\n\n## CHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT\n\n## NATIONAL DANCES AT KOWLOON\n\n## EIGHTEEN NATIONS REPRESENTED\n\n\"Great oaks from little acorns grow.\" It was at a gathering of ladies at an afternoon tea that the subject of the \"Vira dances\" of Portugal was discussed and the idea was thrown out that probably Mme. Tamagnini, the artistic wife of the popular Governor of Macao, H.E. Senhor Artur Tamagnini Barbosa, might be found willing to arrange and conduct the practices for a display of a few of the national dances of Portugal in Hong Kong. This was the genesis of the international dances festival which took place at the Club de Recreio on Saturday afternoon and which was pronounced such a conspicuous success by the hundreds of residents from Hong Kong and Macao gathered within the hall of the Recreio building, in King's Park.\n\nMrs. W. T. Southorn, wife of the Colonial Secretary, developed the proposal to stage the Portuguese national dance into a great social reunion in which the nationalities forming part of the great cosmopolitan community of Hong Kong could be made to feel actively interested.\n\nThe entertainment opened with a contradance executed by some forty little children, for the most part sons and daughters of members of the Club de Recreio. The boys were dressed in black as little pages, and the girls represented diminutive ballad dancers in dresses of light and pleasing hues. The music was provided by the Portuguese juvenile orchestra with Master Horacio Graca Ozorio as conductor. The dance was staged by Mr. Duarte Baptista.\n\nThe Misses Stella and Helen and Rachel Wong next took the floor with the \"Dance of the Lanterns,\" the three young ladies being gorgeously dressed in Chinese costume.\n\nThe Portuguese had formed a Company which was keenly enthusiastic. He deplored the apathy with regard to enlistment on the part of Britishers in the Colony and hoped that this would be remedied. He hoped also that they would expand the present Army Service Corps Cadre and thus ensure an efficient system of mechanical transport to deal with emergencies.\n\nFrance contributed a second item - Danse Des Lutins - to the first part of the programme, the execution of which by Mlle. Bonenfant with a delicacy of taste and finish was very greatly admired.\n\n## Russian Muzrka\n\nMiss O'Keefe's talented pupils delighted the audience with Russian mazurka. The bright dresses, the high black top boots and the entire get-up were greatly admired. The young ladies were deservedly applauded; they were the Misses Bella and Betty Pestonjee, Norma and Thelma May, Marion Bryson, Tamara Ellis, Nellie Field and Maud George.\n\n## Great Britain's Part\n\nThe first part of the programme concluded with items of an Old English dance and an Irish Jig. For this again the audience had to thank Miss O'Keefe and her versatile little boy and girl pupils, no less than sixteen of whom appeared on the stage in gay dresses for the English dance and four for the jig. For the latter Margery Simpson partnered Billy Mayes, and Joyce Crapnell Patsy Wood. The little entertainers received deserved appreciation from the large audience.\n\n## Al Fresco Tea\n\nDuring the interval selections of music were played by the Band of the Queen's Royal Regiment and were greatly enjoyed. Tea served in the open on the beautiful lawn of the Recreio Club.\n\n## Portuguese Songs and Dances\n\nWhen the curtain lifted for the second part of the entertainment, it was seen with what care and thought Mme. Tamagnini had designed the staging to represent a Portuguese village. The scene opens in a countryside. There is considerable gaiety and hilarity and the text was described in Mme. Tamagnini's address. Dances from the provinces of Algarve, Minho and Coimbra were artistically executed by some 36 leading residents of Macao and the national songs of fair Lusitania were heard by some for the first time on a stage in Hong Kong. The dresses were greatly admired for their colourful beauty and design and are just those that are worn by the peasants in Portugal. Music was played on the national instruments - the mandolin, the guitar and concertinas. At intervals they were supplemented by a Columbia Kloster electric gramophone kindly lent by Anderson Music Co.\n\nIn the typical dress of a French lassie and lad, Mlle. Bonenfant and M. de la Prade earned well-deserved applause in a danse Alsacienne which they performed to perfection to the accompaniment of Mme. de la Prade at the piano. The little couple are very young, and gave an exhibition of skill remarkable for their tender years.\n\n## \"Harbinger of Spring\"\n\nNotable for their poetic conception and daintiness of colouring, the Japanese contributors to the programme staged what is charmingly described as the \"Harbinger of Spring.\" The stage setting, the lantern light effects, and the scenery were all the work of the Japanese sub-committee who carried it out under the personal direction of Mr. M. Kitayama, hon. secretary of the Japanese Residents' Association. The performers were Mrs. C. Makiyama, and the Misses Y. Takeda and E. Hachiuma (dancers), Mesdames K. Kineya and Y. Hasuda (singers) with Mesdames S. Wada, Y. Kobayashi and Y. Takeda as accompanists.\n\n## Grand Finale\n\nThen came the grand spectacular finale in an international tableau representing no less than eighteen nations.\n\nThanks must be accorded Col. Cardew, the musical director, for staging this \"federation of the world\" so thoroughly representative of the cosmopolitan community of Hong Kong and to all the ladies taking part in it.\n\nPage 281\nPage 122",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-512-1 Political situation in China- and Canton 30-11-1928 - 23-5-1929.txt",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-513-9 Proposals for civil and commercial aviation in Hong Kong- requests for air-routes between Hong Kong... 13-11-1928 - 30-9-1929",
        "page_number": 107,
        "title": "CO129-513-9 Proposals for civil and commercial aviation in Hong Kong- requests for air-routes between Hong Kong... 13-11-1928 - 30-9-1929",
        "content_text": "Enclosure No. 2 in Canton despatch No. 178 of November 15th, 1928.\n\n928./07\n\nAmoy, le 12 Septembre 1928.\n\nNo. 48.\n\n**M. PREMAND ROY, IN CHARGE DU CONSULAT DE FRANCE A AMOY, A MONSIEUR HENRY COSME, CHARGE D'AFFAIRES DE LA REPUBLIQUE FRANCAISE A CANTON**\n\nA.B. Projet de service aérien entre Swatow et Canton.\n\nUne compagnie de navigation aérienne qui s'est formée à Swatow ces dernières semaines vient de publier ses statuts en vue de faire un appel de fonds aux souscripteurs éventuels. Le promoteur de cette Société, aux yeux du public, serait le Général Tchang Yuan-liang (Fang Che-heng, 方振武) commandant de la 16e cantonnée dans le Kouangtong septentrional et dans le Hounan méridional. Il s'agit de créer une route aérienne entre Swatow et Canton, les étapes intermédiaires et autres villes d'un accord actuellement difficile. Mais l'article 4 des règlements ci-annexés, nous apprend que la direction siègera à Swatow, nous informe que, dans l'avenir, des embranchements seront établis sur Pakhoi et le Yunnan. Les fondateurs de la \"Compagnie aérienne de navigation de transports populaires Yue-Kong du district oriental du Kouangtong\" ont surtout le projet de relier le Yunnan au Kouangtong pour des raisons commerciales toutes autres que celles mentionnées à l'article 3 des règlements.\n\nDeux des principaux instigateurs du projet, dont les noms figurent parmi ceux qui ont signé les statuts, sont H. Kei-Yu ou Yi-Yok (Ye Yi-yoke, 叶夷岳) ancien ministre intérimaire des Affaires Étrangères à Canton, et Leang Kouo-tso ou Leong Kok-dok (梁国佐), ami du premier et des généraux Tchang Che-tcheng et Sin Ein-tang.\n\nMr. Wai-yok, qui parle couramment notre langue...",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-513-9 Proposals for civil and commercial aviation in Hong Kong- requests for air-routes between Hong Kong... 13-11-1928 - 30-9-1929.txt",
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    {
        "id": 551072,
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-557-5 Estimates 1937 19-8-1936 - 7-8-1937",
        "page_number": 193,
        "title": "CO129-557-5 Estimates 1937 19-8-1936 - 7-8-1937",
        "content_text": "## Head 26. Kowloon-Canton Railway\n\n|          | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| Personal Emoluments | $34,967         | $25,578         |\n| Other Charges      | 13,135          | 17,814          |\n| Special Expenditure| 42,100          | 60,380          |\n\n### Personal Emoluments\n\nDecrease. Lower Rate of Exchange $20,197. Changes in Personnel $6,111. Stipulated Increments $8,871. Abolition of Posts $15,562. New Posts $2,360. Overtime Allowances $3,029. Temporary and Miscellaneous Allowances $43. Rent Allowances $864. Shorthand Allowance $12. Acting Pay $60. $8,436.\n\n|          | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| Total    | $90,202         | $103,772        |\n\nDeduct Increase $90,202. Net Decrease $13,570.\n\n### Other Charges\n\nDecrease. Total $25,578. Increase. Total $17,814.\n\n## Head 27.-Defence\n\n### (A) Volunteer Defence Corps.\n\n#### Personal Emoluments\n\n| Sub-Head | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n|          | $10,810         | $4,636          |\n\n1. Lower Rate of Exchange $1,750. Stipulated Increments $6,820. Changes in Personnel $1,038. New Post $480. Allowance to Commandant $16. Abolition of Post $900. $3,720.\n\n| Sub-Head | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| 5. Carriages | *               | $4            |\n| 8. Conveyance Allowances | $45            | $72           |\n| 9. Formation and Line Protection... | 200             |               |\n| 12. Incidental Expenses | 160             |               |\n| 13. Locomotives | 4,296           |               |\n| 14. Lubricants and Oil Fuel | 2,700           |               |\n| 18. Nightsoil Disposal | 48              |               |\n| 20. Power, Electric Fans and Light... |               | 200           |\n| 21. Printing, Stationery and Tickets.. |               | 40            |\n| 22. Rails and Fastenings | 750             |               |\n| 25. Sleepers | 6,000           |               |\n| 27. Stores | 1,500           |               |\n| 29. Tools and Plant |               | 300           |\n| 31. Tunnels |               | 750           |\n| 32. Uniform |               | 175           |\n\n#### Other Charges\n\n| Sub-Head | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n|          | $18,135         | $17,814         |\n\n2. Allowances for Officers and N. C. Os. undergoing Training in England $250. Ammunition $1,217. 3. Uniform for Messengers and Coolies $3,600. $50. 9. Equipment for the Engineer Company and Signals Overhaul optical instruments $335. 15. Improvements to Camp $1,000.\n\n#### Special Expenditure\n\n| Sub-Head | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n|          | $42,100         | $60,380         |\n\n34. Extension of Platform No. 4, Kowloon Station $3,500. 35. Reinforced concrete road level crossings $700. 36. Detached Kitchens for Staff Quarters and Gang Huts $1,200. 37. Reconditioning and Converting from Saturated to Superheated steam one Class B Locomotive Boiler $3,000. 39. Provision of fans in eight 3rd Class Coaches $4,300. Double-Wire Signalling at Yau-mati Station $320. Conversion of Taipo Market Station into a Crossing and Train Token Station $25,300. Re-railing Beacon Hill Tunnel.\n\n| Sub-Head | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| 23. Night Glasses, 6 pairs |               | $360          |\n| 24. 2 Motor Cycle Combinations |               | 352           |\n| 25,000 |               |               |\n| 24. Wiring Shatin Station for Electric Light |               | 1,300         |\n| 27. S.M.L.E. Rifles |               | 1,840         |\n| 25. Anti-Gas Equipment |               | 2,064         |\n| 26. Steel Helmets |               | 1,692         |\n| 28. 100 sets equipment |               | 3,520         |\n| 29. Mechanisation of Machine Gun Troop |               | 3,600         |\n| 38. One New \"ACFI\" Feed Water Heater Pump |               | 6,000         |\n| 40. One Twist Drill Grinder |               | 800           |\n| 29. New Boiler for Class B locomotives |               | 24,000        |\n| 3 Slide Rules (M.G.) and cases... Clinometers |               | 44            |\n| 372 |               |               |\n| 41. Two New Typewriters |               | 900           |\n| 42. Air-Conditioning by ice-cooling Carriage Shed |               | 340           |\n| 2 Night Firing Boxes, Machine Gun |               | 180           |\n| 4,000 |               |               |\n| New Traffic Quarters at Lown |               | 320           |\n| Mobilization Equipment |               | 403           |\n| Equipment for M.G. Bn., Signals |               | 2,840         |\n| Improvements to Camp |               | 1,500         |\n| Repairs to Causeway Bay Stables |               | 450           |\n\n|          | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| Total    | $9,320          | $9,897          |\n\n16. Repairs to Causeway Bay Stables $450. 19. Training Expenses for Nursing Detachment $1,000. 20. Transport $600. 21. Uniform, including Boots $1.\n\n|          | Estimates, 1936 | Estimates, 1937 |\n|----------|-----------------|-----------------|\n| Total    | $4,858          | $3,650          |\n\n222",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-590-22 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 19-1-1943 - 20-11-1943",
        "page_number": 57,
        "title": "CO129-590-22 Situation in enemy occupied Hong Kong 19-1-1943 - 20-11-1943",
        "content_text": "# \nGas stoves are unobtainable and electric current is rigidly controlled. Penalties for exceeding the meagre allowance are severe and most people sit long periods in darkness, or with one candle if they can obtain it, to avoid incurring them. Public transport is cut to the minimum. Buses have been taken off the road and trams run on a much reduced schedule; they are always overcrowded owing to the fact that all Japanese in uniform (i.e. practically all Japanese in Hong Kong) are entitled to travel free. In Kowloon, transport is reduced to rickshaws, horse-drawn vehicles (apparently using specially imported Mongolian ponies) and bicycles; with the bicycles, the technique is for the coolie to ride, carrying his passenger astride in the carrier.\n\n## \nGovernment House is being rebuilt in an exaggerated style of Japanese architecture, presumably as the official residence of the Governor.\n\nFerries are run on a half-hour service except in rush hours when the schedule is every twenty minutes; sail-driven junk ferries have also made their appearance. There are very few cars in the streets: Kotowall and Shou-Son-Chow, who seem to vie with each other in pro-Japanese fervour and anti-British advocacy, are two rare exceptions to the rule that no one in Hong Kong now runs a car. These two gentlemen are much in the public eye. The Kotowall girls are among the few women who seem able to shop for anything save the bare necessities of life. (Mrs. Zaitzeff adds grimly that the other non-essential shoppers are the prostitutes from Wanchai). Some significance may attach to the fact that the three remaining Zimmern brothers, one of whom is engaged to the younger Kotowall daughter, have now been released from internment. (Two of the original five Zimmern brothers were killed defending Hong Kong.)\n\n## \nThe Police have been reinforced by fresh Chinese contingents drawn apparently from the north. Since the first American bombings, the Indian police have grown markedly more polite to foreigners. At first, they were hostile: now Mrs. Zaitzoff frequently finds on pushing her way on to a crowded train that an Indian constable will instantly rise and offer her his seat, regardless whether Japanese are present or not. Shortly after the first American bombings, also a strange metamorphosis was observed in the Japanese Commandant of the Shan-Shiu-Po Volunteer Internment Camp. This gentleman, for the first time in eighteen months, suddenly became concerned whether his prisoners had sufficient shelter from driving rain or beating sun: forthwith had a near-by godown opened and cleared and arranged to let his charges shelter there if the rain was too heavy or the sun too hot.\n\n## \nCinemas are open in the town and show either Japanese films or pictures of the triumphs of Wang Ching Wei; when the show is frankly propagandist, admittance is free to all. Many posters have been affixed to buildings in busy parts of the town: those depict a Chinese mother standing in an attitude of protection over her children while glancing fearfully at the sky. The caption reads \"Remember that it is American planes which are killing innocent women and children\". So far as Mrs. Zaitzoff could see, those posters had no appeal whatsoever. The bombings are in fact welcomed, even when a near-miss at the Central Police Station killed upwards of 150 Chinese, including children. The successful bombing of the oil tanks at Laichi Kok was a seven-day wonder in the town. Few ships now enter the harbour: those that do frequently anchor close to the Sham-Shui-Po internment camp, presumably on the theory that they won't be bombed. The bombings have also caused a good deal of labour trouble, especially at the docks: the workers walked out and held firm against a threat of starvation. Finally, a compromise was reached whereby they now work from 6 a.m. to 10 a.m. and from 6 p.m. to 10 p.m. (bomb-free hours).\n\n56\n\n## \nOnly two of the air raid tunnels appear to be in use: one which opens below Battery Path behind the Hong Kong Bank; the other on Queens Road East at the entrance to Wanchai. Both are reserved for Japanese: guards at the entrances permit no one else to enter during raids, and in fact, no non-Japanese now attempts it. All large buildings in the city are being sand-bagged and the entrances protected with brick screens made from the blocks used in 1941 by the Colonial Government to construct blast-shelters for the public in open spaces. Those shelters have now been dismantled.\n\nMrs. Zaitzoff had no opportunity to see the New Territories, but they are said to be deserted, partly owing to fear of bandits and partly owing to the difficulty of getting supplies. In Kowloon, the section between the Old Kowloon Police Station and Kai Tak had been laid flat to permit an extension of the airport. Only three old planes appear to use Kai Tak regularly, and on each occasion, they have been observed to take off and disappear some minutes before the air raid warning is given.\n\n## \nAs to Zindle, Mrs. Zaitzoff considers him sincere but ineffectual through lack of courage and resolution. Mrs. Zaitzoff worked for many months on a scheme hatched by Dr. Selwyn Clarke whereby she, and a dozen Chinese ladies, called twice weekly at a local hospital, and then picked up and delivered to the camp parcels of food and medicines ostensibly addressed to individuals as presents from friends. The parcels were collected in the first instance from funds which Dr. Selwyn Clarke had persuaded...\n\n64251-1\n\n28",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-592-1 Reports on current situation- medical work 3-11-1945 - 7-3-1946",
        "page_number": 38,
        "title": "CO129-592-1 Reports on current situation- medical work 3-11-1945 - 7-3-1946",
        "content_text": "36\n\nAPPENDIX II.\n\nNAMES OF PERSONNEL WHO GAVE DISTINGUISHED SERVICE IN\n\nHONG KONG DURING THE JAPANESE OCCUPATION.\n\nI. DOCTORS, ETC. (alphabetical order).\n\nF.R. Ashton, Kenneth Chaun, K.H. Digby, D.W. Fang, E.L. Gosano, A. Guiteres, G.M. Hargreaves, T.J. Hua*, P.C. Lai+, Li Shu Pui, J.B. Mackie, Ruth Milne, J.H. Montgomery, I. Newton, A. Dean Smith+,\n\nAnnie Sydenham, G.H. Thomas, M.B.E., K.H. Uttley, D.J. Valentine+, T.P. Wu, K.C. Yeot.\n\nII. PRINCIPAL MATRON.\n\nA.M. Davies*.\n\nIII. MATRONS.\n\nChue+(Kwong Wah), A.M. Cullinan (Tweed Bay), D.P. Geen (Tweed Bay), S.C. Leung (Tsan Yuk),\n\nBessie Thom (Lai Chi Kok), M.E. Wilson (Tweed Bay).\n\nIV. ALMONER.\n\nM.S. Watson+.\n\nV. NURSING SISTERS.\n\nD. Dymond, N.L. Everett, I.L. Morgan, A.L. Popham, E. Riley, A.S. Rogers, C.B. Robinson, R. Spry,\n\nE. Townsend, L. Turner.\n\nVI. AUXILIARY NURSES.\n\nCommandant - Nina Valentine+.\n\nN. Coleman, W. Cox, B. Farrar, L. Fearon, G.C. Frederick, M. Harrison, A. Jones, S. Low+, S. Odell, N. Olsen,\n\nL. W. Phillips, M. Sleap, V. Simmonds+, E. Tinson.\n\nVII. ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF.\n\nFrank D. August, J.I. Barnes+, J.H. Gelling, Dorothy V. Holloway+, W.C. Low.\n\nVIII. LAY SUPERINTENDENTS OF HOSPITALS.\n\nK. Mackenzie Dow, E. Morton, Frank Short+.\n\nIX. RADIOGRAPHER.\n\nJ. Skinner*.\n\nX. PHARMACISTS.\n\nArthur Rowan, M.A., E.V. Hopkinson.\n\nXI. HEALTH STAFF.\n\nG.I. Hooper+, D. Benwell+.\n\nXII. ENGINEERING STAFF.\n\nJ. Crookdake, J. Kempton, Arthur May*.\n\nXIII.",
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