[ { "id": 274504, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7]", "page_number": 139, "title": "CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7]", "content_text": "## BOLETIM DA PROVINCIA DE MACAU E TIMOR\nSabbado 23 de maio de 1868\n\n### PARTE OFFICIAL\n\nO GOVERNADOR da Provincia de Macau e Timor, em Conselho, determina o seguinte:\n\nConsiderando na conveniencia que resulta de por a legislação policial d'esta Colonia em harmonia com a legislação respectiva da Colonia ingleza e da Provincia da China mais visinha de Macau;\n\nConsiderando quanto ha de justo e salutar na medida ultimamente adoptada pelo chefe da Provincia de Cantão, de accordo com as auctoridades inglezas, de prohibir que os juncos que se empreguem no mister da pesca, andem, sub color de protegerem a sua industria, armados e promptos para se volverem em barcos de piratas, quando as circumstancias lhes proporcionam o ensejo: e bem assim que as forças que traficam no commercio usem de panellas de mixto e outros projectis mais proprios para o ataque do que para a defesa, a que só se deverão limitar, e isso mesmo em circumstancias extremas;\n\nConsiderando que semelhantes regras policiaes tornando mais efficaz o serviço dos crusadores n'estes mares, tendem tambem a combater, no interesse da civilisação e do trabalho honesto, os que á sombra da impunidade e pelo auxilio de meios de combate até agora permittidos, se exercitam, ou poderiam vir a exercitar-se em actos tão condemnaveis quanto revoltantes de pirataria:\n\nHei por conveniente, ouvidas as estações competentes da Colonia, determinar o seguinte:\n\n1. Que a contar do dia 20 de julho do corrente anno em diante nenhum junco china, dos que pertencem a esta Colonia, e que se empregam no tráfego da pesca, possa andar armado e artilhado ou apercebido por qualquer modo para o combate, na certeza de que todo e qualquer d'elles que for encontrado depois da epoca estipulada, em contravenção d'esta ordem, será aprisionado e confiscado com todos os effeitos juridicos, em conformidade das leis portuguezas.\n\n2. Hei por conveniente prohibir o uso das panellas de mixto nas forças que se empregam na navegação costeira; permittindo-se-lhes apenas, e por emquanto, o andarem armadas e artilhadas, em attenção ao subido valor das mercadorias que muitas vezes transportam, e ás necessidades em que ainda se encontram de terem que defender-se dos ataques dos piratas.\n\n3. Que a fim de tornar efficaz esta determinação, e no interesse especial d'aquelles a quem ella se dirige, sejam registrados e classificados, e convenientemente numerados, sem perda de tempo, na repartição da Capitania do Porto d'esta cidade, e na dos portos da Taipa e Colovan, todos os juncos, lorebas e taumões, que pertencerem a Macau e suas dependencias; devendo os capitães de taes navios munir-se, para sua segurança e mais effeitos, d'um Passe assignado pelos chefes das repartições indicadas, onde se ache consignado, com toda a clareza e exactidão, o numero e especie de navio, a sua tonelagem, numero de armas e peças, e emfim a sua occupação e trato.\n\n4. O Capitão do Porto de Macau, e o commandante dos districtos da Taipa e Colovan requisitarão pelas repartições competentes o que julgarem necessario para o bom e prompto desempenho d'este serviço.\n\n5. Que taes Passes sejam dados gratuitamente aos interessados, enquanto se não estabelecer com um caracter definitivo e permanente n'esta Colonia uma repartição de registro de embarcações.\n\nAs autoridades a quem o conhecimento e execução d'esta pertencer assim o tenham entendido e cumpram.\n\nMacau 18 de maio de 1868.\n\n**José Maria da Ponte e Horta, Governador de Macau e Timor**\n\nIn 8342/68!!! \n\n135 \nthe disarmament of Chinese junks - a precedent of which will show that, at no time I have come to the determination of establishing, experimentally as a first step, a Registry in Chinese junks belonging to this Harbour. \n\nA book Preserve your Shellena. \n\nMacau, 12th June, 1868. \n\nConquest) Das Maria de Poutre borta, Governo & Macas and Finen. \n\n(True Translation.) (Signed.) L. L'Alunda e Castro.\n\n## DA BOLETIM PROVINCIA DE MACAU E TIMOR \n... (content already presented above)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-131 - Sir MacDonnell - 1868 [6-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 294116, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12]", "page_number": 86, "title": "CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12]", "content_text": "# THE CHINA MAIL.\n\n## HONGKONG, FRIDAY, SEPT. 25, 1874.\n\n### THE TYPHOON AT MAOAO.\n\n(From our own Correspondent.)\n\nMacao, September 24, 1874,\n\nA most dreadful calamity has befallen this town. It is now a heap of ruins. Its beauty is gone, its prosperity checked, and desolation is everywhere. On the evening of the 22nd inst., the appearance of the atmosphere and the indications of the barometer gave sure signs that something serious was brewing, and that a typhoon was to be feared. The wind was not strong, however, but the sea was high, and, although not yet tempestuous, there was a sound of awful menace in the moan with which it broke on the shore. The blowing of the wind steadily increased from the North quarter, and at midnight, the inner harbour began to be a scene of destruction, the junks losing their moorings, striking each other, and being smashed to pieces. Chinese gunboat capsized on this occasion with three Englishmen on board. In the town the roofs of the houses began to move, and tiles flew about like hail. Every moment the wind grew stronger, the barometer steadily falling. Suddenly the wind veered to the East. Then the sea, which had been rising gradually, increased to an enormous wave, overleaping its usual limits, and struck in a body with tremendous force the whole course of the Praia Grande. The water rushed into the houses, the quays were destroyed, the large granite stones hurled about, the guns of the batteries dismounted, and borne like feathers on the infuriated waves, and junks were smashed against the buildings. In less than an hour the work of destruction was accomplished, every house was invaded by the water and battered down; the spray flew over Government house, and the houses to the Southern extremity of the Praia, which they reduced to a shapeless heap of stone and brick. The desolation the town now reached its acmé. The crash of falling houses, the screaming of the victims, people running to and fro in the streets pursued by the rushing water, the terrible roar of the wind and of the sea, all this was something awful to hear or see. Suddenly an ominous glare appeared in the heavens. Fires had broken out in different parts of the town, and the flames, whipped on by the gales, rushed in horizontal streams over the largest squares devouring the buildings that stood even at great distances in their direction. The lurid reverberation of these fires striking from the flying clouds on the sky was repeated by the waters which invaded the doomed town in every direction. On this occasion the loss of life was fearful. People had only to choose their death by water, fire, or the shock of falling buildings, but death was everywhere. Many persons who were hidden in the furthest recesses of their houses found themselves suddenly involved by the flames and perished miserably. The barometer fell to less than 27.90, and then the confusion and raging between the elements was indescribable. At last daylight dawned on this tremendous scene. It seemed a dream, an awful dream, but there it was; in this direst destruction Macao was not to be recognised; the waves sprung like infuriated lions on the smashed buildings and it seemed uncertain if the very ground had not gone down. By this time the barometer was already rising, but as soon as the first light appeared in the heaven His Excellency, the Governor, the noble and brave Viscount S. Januario, went out with his staff and a body of men to bring help where needed. The robbers who began to assail and plunder the ruined houses were energetically put down. It is a most remarkable occurrence that to this moment a very insignificant looting has taken place. The Governor, with Mr Cunha of the public works department, after many heroic efforts vanquished the fires.\n\nMr Cunha was severely wounded in the hand on this occasion. While this was going on, a body of soldiers with Mr R. Sampaio, a naval officer, A.D.C. to the Governor, and Mr Mesnier were saving life on the sea. Mr Mesnier, notwithstanding the tremendous sea, stripped himself and swam off to save some persons who were drowning, and fortunately succeeded. Mr Smithies of the English navy, who was on the Praia, saved also two children in the same way. The greatest energy and bravery was shown by the Portuguese soldiers on this occasion when the fury of the waves made it a very difficult matter and a dangerous one to save life from the sea.\n\nIt is impossible to give in detail every praiseworthy act that was done on this occasion. The cold was intense, the wind terrible, and the rain struck in such a way as to hurt. Towards three o'clock the fire was subdued and the sea had returned to its wonted bed, but alas! Macao was no more what was to be seen a few hours ago. It is a remarkable thing that among the general ruins the grand buildings lately constructed by Viscount S. Januario remained nearly untouched as the solitary witnesses of a former prosperity which seems to be now gone for ever. The gunboat Tejo escaped most marvellously nearly unhurt, owing, to a great extent, to the ability of its commander Fernando da Costa Cabral. The man-of-war Principe Dom Carlos was carried 12 miles inland and is now stranded in a rice field! The crew commanded by the brave Captain Maciel escaped by a miracle. The gunboat Camoes was also carried inland to a great distance and is believed to be a hopeless wreck. Captain Guimaraes, its commander, one of our best naval officers, was struck on the chest by a falling mast and was severely hurt, but the remainder of the crew did not suffer very considerably.\n\nThe new fort was washed over by the sea and the new guns of 120 lbs. were washed to a great distance. The guard of this fort died miserably. The commander of the guard, seeing that the water was gaining on his position, ordered his soldiers not to move. As they had to stick to their post they died. One only escaped and gave the particulars of this remarkable behaviour. The police officers and soldiers worked with most marvellous zeal and among them Mr Cortereal deserves the thanks of everybody. It is a satisfactory thing to see, during such a tremendous catastrophe, brave Portuguese soldiers and officers risking their lives and working to the rescue against fire, wind, and water in the most enthusiastic manner.\n\nThe town is overthrown. If the Chinese hordes had been in possession of it after an assault it would not have been worse. It is heartrending to see this dire calamity. Everywhere you hear the lamentations of the unfortunate victims. To give an idea of the extent of the loss in native shipping I may say that in the Typa harbour, in the beginning of the typhoon, there were 600 junks, while after it only 14 were found! Corpses strew the banks everywhere; wrecks are to be found in the most extraordinary locations. A junk was thrust into Mr Ybele's house, and many junks are on the hills at Lapa Island. The native villages near Macao have been swept away. Typa and Colowan are no more. The loss of life there is considered to exceed two thousand persons. In Macao it is perhaps greater.\n\nIt is thought that there was never such an extraordinary cataclysm as this in these regions. The barometer's indicator went off the scale. Since the typhoon a very strong westerly wind has been blowing, but few boats are seen plying about. I write in the midst of ruin, death, and lamentation!\n\nMr Boyer, formerly well known in Hong-kong, had to save his life with that of his children by swimming from his house.\n\nPage 12872 \n74 \n85", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-168 - Sir Kennedy - 1874 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 412499, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "page_number": 259, "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907", "content_text": "## AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\naux tiers; nous pourrions donc, si un arrangement avec la \"Chinese Engineering and Mining Company (Limited)\" devait en fin de compte être impossible, chercher, sans enfreindre aucune règle d'équité, une entente directe avec la Chine.\n\nLes assurances de bon vouloir que me réitère votre Excellence dans sa lettre d'hier m'inspirent heureusement la confiance qu'un recours à cette ressource extrême sera évité.\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\nVeuillez, &c.\n(Signé) \n[30123] \n**EDMOND BAPST**\n\n(No. 366.) Sir,\n\n## SECTION 9\n\n### Inclosure 18 in No. 1\n\nExtract from the Procès-verbal of the Fourth Sitting of the Corps Diplomatique, November 5, 1900.\n\nM. DE COLOGAN rappelle à ses collègues qu'il leur a communiqué une lettre de M. de Giers relative aux mesures à prendre pour éviter des difficultés à l'avenir à l'occasion des agrandissements des terrains des Légations. Celles-ci ont occupé une partie des emplacements de leur voisinage appartenant à l'État ou à des particuliers, afin d'y installer leurs escortes. Cette extension des Légations, nécessitée par les besoins de défense commune, pourrait rencontrer des difficultés si les terrains occupés par elles étaient achetés en sous-main aux Chinois par des spéculateurs étrangers, dans un but que personne ne saurait approuver. Pour prévenir ces transactions irrégulières et éviter toute source de difficultés futures, M. de Giers croit qu'il serait utile de décider en commun d'avertir les ressortissants des Légations, qu'aucun achat de terrains aux Chinois, depuis le commencement du siège, dans le quartier dont il s'agit, ne saurait être valable sans l'assentiment des Ministres Étrangers, et qu'une Commission de Délégués de chaque Légation sera réunie pour fixer les limites du Quartier Diplomatique.\n\nCette proposition, mise aux voix par le doyen, est adoptée à l'unanimité.\n\n### Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey\n\n(No. 1.)\n\nPeking, July 25, 1907.\n\nWITH reference to my telegram No. 136, I now have the honour to inclose copies of the letter which I addressed to the Wai-wu Pu on the 10th July, respecting the piracy of the British launch \"Chi Chang (or \"Ki Cheung\"), near Canton, and of Mr. Mansfield's despatch No. 33 of the 12th July, describing this occurrence.\n\nIt will be seen from this inclosure that the attack was carried out by armed pirates, four of whom were on board in the guise of passengers and who assumed control of the launch. As soon as they had done so, they were joined by six confederates who came alongside in a boat and set about pillaging the launch.\n\nThey were pursued by a Chinese gun-boat, but escaped, after running the launch into a shallow creek.\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nAs regards the observations of His Majesty's Consul-General on the subject of the scheme for patrolling the river with cruisers under Customs control, I have no doubt whatever that the Provincial opposition to the scheme has been fostered by the lukewarm attitude of Sir R. Hart, and the obstructive temper of the present Commissioner of Customs at Canton. The inclosed extract from a private letter received from His Majesty's Vice-Consul while in temporary charge of the Consulate-General will serve to show the tendency exhibited by Mr. King, the Commissioner of Customs, to overdo his part as a servant of the Chinese Government, and if the scheme under Customs control is introduced as a result of pressure brought to bear on the Chinese Government on account of this fresh case of piracy, it will still be necessary to induce Sir Robert Hart to see that his Commissioner deals sympathetically with the measure.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) **J. N. JORDAN**\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n\nSir J. Jordan to Prince Ch'ing.\n\nJuly 10, 1907.\n\nHIS Majesty's Consul at Canton has reported by telegraph that on the 6th July the British launch \"Ki Cheung\" was pirated at a place some 9 miles from Canton. No lives were lost, but the losses of property belonging to the crew and passengers amounted to a value of about 400 dollars.\n\nI have the honour to request that urgent instructions may be sent by telegraph to the Acting Viceroy to effect the immediate arrest of the pirates concerned, and to pay over at once to His Majesty's Consul-General full compensation for the losses, of which a list will be furnished to his Excellency by Mr. Mansfield.\n\nIf this is not carried out at once, I shall be obliged to submit the case by telegraph to His Majesty's Government for such action as they may deem necessary.\n\nSoliciting the favour of an early reply.\n\nI avail, &c.\n(Signed) **J. N. JORDAN**\n\n### Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n(No. 33.)\n\nConsul-General Mansfield to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nCanton, July 12, 1907.\n\nI HAD the honour on the 9th instant to telegraph to you reporting the piracy of the British launch \"Ki Cheung\" off San Shan Kao, some 9 miles from Canton. I now...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416410, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 575, "title": "CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "Inclosure in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum by M. Brederode.\n\nLe 5 courant, à 10 heures du matin, le représentant de la maison commerciale de Macao \"Kuong-vo\" est allé dire au Capitaine du Port qu'un bateau Japonais, le \"Tatsu Maru No. 2\" qui naviguait dans la rade, lui apportait un chargement d'armement, dont il lui montra le permis légal du Gouverneur de Macao. Capitaine du Port fit de suite embarquer un contingent de six hommes dans la jonque destinée à recevoir le matériel de guerre, contingent destiné à le surveiller jusqu'à son entrée dans les dépôts du Gouvernement, où il devait être recompté et conféré comme c'est l'usage. Il fit en outre embarquer un pilote du Gouvernement dans un des canots à vapeur du port, le \"Taipa,\" en lui enjoignant de conduire le bateau à vapeur Japonais le plus près de Macao possible. Plus tard, le sémaphore de Guia annonça que le bateau à vapeur Japonais paraissait être surveillé de loin par des bateaux du Fisc Chinois.\n\nAprès que le pilote eut passé à bord du bateau Japonais il tenta de le faire approcher de Macao, mais en raison du vent très fort qui soufflait il ne le put; et à 3 heures de l'après-midi le bateau à vapeur Japonais dut jeter l'ancre par 22° 8′ 10′′ de latitude ouest et 113° 38′ 10\" de longitude sud-est, c'est-à-dire, à 24 milles de la pointe Kalo de l'Ile Portugaise de Colovane, et à 3 milles de la terre Chinoise plus proche, l'Ile Tae-lok, ile sans occupation effective de la Chine et uniquement habitée par des pirates.\n\nSur ces entrefaites le câble du remorqueur de la jonque (le canot à vapeur \"Colovane\") se rompit, dû à la forte mer et au vent, qui soufflait très fort; les deux petits canots à vapeur durent se retirer, le \"Colovane\" remorquant de nouveau la jonque, en direction à Macao. En ce moment-là déjà les cannonières du Vice-Roi et celles des Douanes Chinoises s'approchaient du bateau Japonais. Et au coucher du soleil le bateau des Douanes avait envoyé au bateau Japonais un canot avec un employé.\n\nLe Gouverneur sachant cela, envoya de grand matin le \"Colovane\" à la rade pour se certifier de la position du navire. Le \"Colovane\" revint à Macao à 10 heures du matin du 6, informant qu'à bord du bateau Japonais était monté un employé des Douanes Chinoises, et que trois cannonières et le bateau à vapeur des Douanes Chinoises étaient ancrés près du \"Tatsu Maru No. 2.” \"Colovane\" voulut parler au pilote du Macao et lui dit de faire venir le patron du \"Tatsu Maru No. 2\" plus près de Macao. Mais le pilote lui répondit par signes qu'il ne le put faire.\n\nLe Gouverneur envoya alors, à midi, l'officier de marine adjoint au Capitaine du Port, sur un canot du Gouvernement. Il se dirigea vers le bateau Japonais, et, quand il voulut monter à bord, l'entrée lui en fut niée, et on hissa l'échelle sans lui en donner aucune raison. Il procéda alors à la détermination précise de l'endroit où se trouvait le bateau Japonais et revint à Macao en informer le Gouverneur.\n\nLe point où le bateau Japonais a été capturé est déjà situé dans la zone où, par une ancienne Convention verbale, il est toléré à la Chine de fiscaliser. Néanmoins, toujours la pratique adoptée a été celle de considérer port de Macao tout point de la rade où se trouve ancré tout navire de long cours qui, par suite de son fort tirant d'eau, ne peut s'approcher plus de Macao, ce qui arrive presque toujours. Sans interruption, depuis d'innombrables années, les navires et bateaux à vapeur, ancrés en dehors de la zone où la fiscalisation Chinoise n'est pas tolérée, chargent et déchargent sous la fiscalisation exclusive des autorités de Macao, et libres d'aucune intervention des Douanes Chinoises.\n\nDes bateaux à vapeur de grand tirant d'eau, qui ne pourraient jamais entrer dans la zone défendue au Fisc Chinois ont toujours payé à Macao l'impôt de tonnage et ont procédé toujours à leurs opérations commerciales sous la fiscalisation du Capitaine du Port de Macao. Mais encore plus; il n'est toléré à la Chine fiscaliser les bateaux qui voudraient faire de la contrebande en terre Chinoise, ce qui n'est pas le cas, puisque le bateau Japonais se dirigeait directement à Macao avec un connaissement en due forme de son chargement.\n\nDe ce qu'on a toléré à la Chine qu'elle pouvait fiscaliser pour se défendre dans une certaine zone, il ne s'ensuit pas qu'elle puisse considérer ces eaux territoriales Portugaises comme lui appartenant. Elle n'a aucun droit à appréhender un bateau qui se dirige à Macao muni de documents en bonne et due règle et à empêcher ainsi notre libre commerce. De même, les eaux à 2 milles de Colovane sont des eaux territoriales Portugaises.\n\nDe ce que nous avons toléré à la Chine de fiscaliser dans cette zone il résulte clairement qu'elles sont à nous. Nous ne lui avons jamais donné ni reconnu le droit de se prévaloir de cette tolérance pour en user contre nous, ce qui du reste serait absolument absurde. Donc, avec cette capture, absolument injustifiée, révoltante, et illégale, la Chine a violé nos eaux territoriales et encore porté atteint à notre souveraineté, à notre droit, à son respect, et à notre droit de libre commerce.\n\nLe bateau à vapeur Japonais fut ensuite, escorté par les cannonières Chinoises, emmené jusqu'à Whampoa et de là à Canton. Le pilote Chinois, employé du Gouvernement Portugais, fut à diverses reprises menacé, plusieurs matelots Chinois lui disant qu'on allait lui couper la tête. Arrivé à Canton, il demanda qu'on le mit en liberté. On lui dit de se taire, en lui répétant les mêmes menaces. Après, pendant la nuit, il donna 5 dollars à un matelot Chinois pour qu'il le laissât s'évader, et il s'enfuit à bord d'un bateau qui le ramena à Macao.\n\nLe Gouverneur de Macao ayant fait écrire par son Secrétaire-Général au Commissaire des Douanes Chinoises à Lapa en protestant contre la saisie du \"Tatsu Maru No. 2,\" protestant très justement, vu que la fiscalisation Chinoise dans ces eaux-là avait été tolérée pour éviter l'entrée de la contrebande en Chine, mais non pas pour y permettre des outrages contre notre commerce, vu que ces eaux étaient indiscutablement Portugaises, ce dit Commissaire lui répondit par la lettre que je transcris textuellement :\n\n\"Sir,\n\n\"Custom-house, Lapo, February 9, 1908.\n\n\"I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's Confidential despatch of the 8th February, 1908, conveyed to me through the Honourable Colonial Secretary, and, in reply, have the honour to inform your Excellency that I have duly noted the protest contained therein. While, however, respectfully maintaining that the seizure of the steam-ship 'Tatsu Maru No. 2' was effected in Chinese territorial waters, I also beg leave to be allowed to inform your Excellency that this matter is in the hands of his Excellency the Viceroy of the Liang Kuang Provinces, by whose orders the steamer in question has been conveyed towards Canton.\n\nI seize this opportunity to renew to your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration, and to express the most sincere hope that the present unpleasant incident will not have the deplorable result of in any way disturbing the friendly relations which at present exist between the Lapa Customs and the Government of Macao.\n\n\"I have, &c.\n\n\"(Signed) \"A. H. WILZER,\n\nActing Commissioner for Lapa and District.\n\n\"To his Excellency Senhor Pedro de Azevedo Continho, Governor of Macao.\"\n\nLe Gouverneur de Macao fit alors demander à Mr. Wilzer, vu qu'il affirmait que la saisie du bateau à vapeur Japonais avait été effectuée dans les eaux Chinoises, si Mr. Wilzer pouvait lui indiquer l'endroit précis où le dit bateau avait été capturé, l'endroit où il était ancré à ce moment-là, et les raisons sur lesquelles il fondait son affirmation de ce que ces eaux appartenaient à la Chine.\n\nSir,\n\nVoici la réponse de Mr. Wilzer :\n\n\"Custom-house, Lapa, February 10, 1908.\n\n\"I have the honour to acknowledge the receipt of your Excellency's Confidential despatch inquiring as to the exact bearings of the point at which the steam-ship 'Tatsu Maru No. 2' was seized, and, in reply, to state that I am not yet able to furnish the desired information. The case being in the hands of his Excellency the Viceroy, I am to-day wiring to that official for the information your Excellency desires.\n\nIn conclusion, I desire to express to your Excellency the assurance of my highest consideration.\n\n\"I have, &c.\n\n\"(Signed) \"A. H. WILZER,\n\nActing Commissioner of Customs for Lapa and District.\n\n\"To his Excellency Senhor Pedro de Azevedo Continho, Governor of Macao.\"\n\nDe nouveau le Gouverneur de Macao fit écrire à Mr. Wilzer, en lui demandant qu'il lui indiquât quelles étaient les lignes qui, suivant lui, délimitaient les eaux Portugaises de Macao. Mais Mr. Wilzer ne répondit plus.\n\nJe crois que ses deux lettres sont des documents précieux. Dans la première il affirme que la saisie a ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-351 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416956, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 282, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n(17990)\n\nNo. 1.\n\nC.O.\n\n295/32\n\n279\n\nRECEIVED May 13 AUG 08\n\nSECTION 1.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received May 25.)\n\n(No. 110.) (Telegraphic.)\n\nMACAO.\n\nPeking, May 25, 1908.\n\nI should be very glad to act in accordance with the proposal mentioned in your telegram No. 91 of the 23rd instant, and do anything I can to assist China and Portugal in arriving at a settlement of the question. I am of opinion, however, that a Mixed Commission on the spot would be required to ascertain all the facts, and that, should both parties give their consent, we might perhaps be represented on that body. I am taking steps to find out whether the Chinese Government would accept our mediation.\n\nNegotiations have been proceeding between the Wai-wu Pu and the Portuguese Minister. The Board, in a note of the 18th May to Baron de Sendal, claim that Lappa was occupied by Chinese troops in 1887, and state that their soldiers cannot therefore be now withdrawn from that district.\n\nIn a telegram to the Wai-wu Pu, the Viceroy at Canton charges the Portuguese with having altered the boundaries of Macao on several occasions since 1887, each alteration entailing an addition to Portuguese territory. He further declares that after the \"Tatsu Maru\" incident the Portuguese removed the buoys which existed previously, placing new ones in their stead on the open sea. The Viceroy also complains that they are now building barracks at Chiu Ao (Colowan), and finally charges the Portuguese with having seized early in this month three fishing-boats plying in waters which Chinese gun-boats have for so long used as an anchorage.\n\nIn their note informing Baron de Sendal of the charges contained in the above telegram, the Wai-wu Pu ask for the removal of the newly laid down buoys, the discontinuance of the construction of the barracks at Chiu Ao, and a guarantee that no further arrests of fishing-boats be made in the waters in question.\n\n[2960 bb-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416959, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 285, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.\n\n[B]\n\n# AFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\n## CONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[24128]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n282\n\nRt 13 AUG 08\n\n[July 13.]\n\n## SECTION 2.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received July 13.)\n\n(No. 230. Confidential.) Sir,\n\nPeking, May 26, 1908. SINCE the receipt of your telegram No. 73 of the 2nd instant, I have been in constant communication with my Portuguese colleague on the subject of Chinese proceedings in the vicinity of Macao, but, as my telegrams will have shown you, the facts were, until quite recently, very imperfectly known both here and at Canton.\n\nIn two notes, however, dated the 18th and 22nd instant, copies of which I have the honour to inclose, the Chinese have placed their contentions on record, and, broadly speaking, these documents evince an intention on the part of the provincial authorities at Canton and the Central Government here to reopen a question which has formed the subject of a long-standing dispute between China and Portugal, and have baffled all attempts which have hitherto been made to settle it.\n\nBy the Protocol of Lisbon of the 26th March, 1887, China confirmed the perpetual occupation and government of Macao and its dependencies; and in the second Article of the Treaty, concluded at Peking on the 1st December, 1887, it was stipulated that Commissioners should be appointed by both Governments to determine the boundaries of Macao; but, pending the delimitation, everything in respect to them was to remain as it then existed without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the parties.\n\nThe telegram from the Viceroy at Canton, which the Wai-wu Pu quote in their note of the 18th instant, states frankly that his Excellency, as a measure of police reorganization, is taking steps to re-establish the military stations which existed in 1887; and it is claimed that the islands near the customs station at Lappa are places where China is justified in stationing troops in accordance with the practice which obtained in 1887.\n\nThe note from the Wai-wu Pu of the 22nd instant recites a further telegram from the Viceroy, in which his Excellency charges the Portuguese with having made repeated alterations, which always assumed the form of additions, in the boundaries of Macao as they existed at the time of the Treaty of 1887. It is added, that at the beginning of the present month the Portuguese seized three oyster boats in the river at Yin K'eng, a place which has long been an anchorage for Chinese gun-boats; that they are at present engaged in erecting barracks at a place called Chiu Ao (Colowan); and that after the \"Tatsu Maru\" incident they removed some floating buoys which were in the middle of the river between Macao and Wan-tzu, and that they have laid down additional buoys in the sea beyond a place called Chi-t'ou Shan.\n\nIn communicating the substance of this message to the Portuguese Minister, the Wai-wu Pu request him to move his Government to put an immediate stop to the construction of the barracks, to remove the buoys that have been laid down, and to refrain from arresting boats engaged in oyster fishing.\n\nOn the receipt of this communication the Portuguese Minister consulted me as to what course of action he should adopt, and I could give him no more helpful advice than that he should telegraph its contents to his Government and await their instructions. As many of the names of places given in the Canton Viceroy's telegrams could not be identified on any of the maps in this Legation, and the archives of the Portuguese Legation appear to be singularly defective in all that pertains to the question, I suggested, as the only means of arriving at a solution, the examination of the locality and of the documentary evidence that presumably exist at Macao and Canton by a mixed Commission composed of Delegates appointed by the two Powers.\n\nI assured Baron Senda at the same time that he could continue to rely upon our friendly co-operation so far as that could be effectively given without arousing popular agitation at Canton, where, as he knew, there was still a good deal of irritation over the \"Tatsu Maru\" incident.\n\n[1865]\n\n-21\n\nB", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416960, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 286, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "2\n\nThe Portuguese statement of the case is set forth in the accompanying Memorandum, which has been prepared by M. Brederode, the Secretary of the Legation. So far as Lappa is concerned, the Portuguese claim is based largely upon an opinion expressed by Sir Robert Hart in 1887, but the Inspector-General of Customs was dealing with the question from a fiscal rather than a national point of view, and his views would scarcely be accepted as binding upon the Chinese Government, who, indeed, seem to have rejected them at the time.\n\nM. Brederode's arguments with regard to the extent of the \"dependencies\" of Macao would, I fear, carry still less conviction to the minds of the Chinese, and, in this connection, I would invite your attention to Sir John Walsham's despatch No. 76 of the 9th November, 1887, which contains a very interesting and instructive account of the negotiations which preceded the Portuguese Treaty of the 1st December of that year.\n\nIt was with the greatest reluctance, and only because there was no other means of obtaining the consent of Portugal to the opium legislation inaugurated in that year at Hong Kong, that the Chinese Government eventually agreed to the introduction of the word \"dependencies\" in the Lisbon Protocol, but when the Portuguese negotiator afterwards attempted in his Treaty to give concrete expression to the vagueness of the term by defining the limits of Macao in the sense indicated by M. Brederode, he was obliged to abandon the task as impracticable, and there is no reason to believe that either the central or local authorities would, in the present state of Chinese feeling, be more disposed to compromise territorial claims now than they were twenty years ago when the consciousness of nationality had not yet made itself felt.\n\nFrom informal conversations which I have had on the subject with his Excellency Tong Shoa-yi, who is himself a native of the locality and has an intimate knowledge of the conditions obtaining at Macao, I am not very sanguine that much can be done at present to effect a complete adjustment of the vital differences which separate Portugal and China in this question. A modus vivendi which will tide over matters until the irritation arising out of the \"Tatsu Maru\" case has calmed down, and a more favourable opportunity presents itself for arriving at a permanent settlement.\n\nActing upon the suggestion contained in the last paragraph of your telegram No. 91 of the 23rd instant, I sounded the Wai-wu Pu this afternoon as to whether mediation on our part would be acceptable to the Board.\n\nLiang Ta-jên, the only Minister present, accepted the proposal in very good part, and said that he personally would gladly welcome our friendly intervention, but that he would have to consult his colleagues before giving a definite reply.\n\nHe added that feeling ran very high on both sides at present, and that there was a disposition to view every move with suspicion. Delimitation afforded, he thought, the only prospect of a solution.\n\nI enclose a tracing of Macao and the neighbourhood, which may be of some slight assistance in elucidating the question at issue.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nJ. N. JORDAN\n\nPeking, 34th year, 4th month, 19th day (May 18, 1908).\n\nPage 3\n\nInclosure I in No. 1.\n\nWai-wu Pu to Baron Sendal.\n\n(Translation.) Sir,\n\nYOUR Excellency has made repeated verbal representations to the Board with reference to the stationing of over 100 soldiers by the Viceroy at Canton at Lao Wang Ho Shan (Wung Kum) near the customs station at Kung Pei (Lappa) and requested that, in accordance with the second Article of the Treaty, as the delimitation of the boundaries at this place had not yet been concluded the Viceroy should be directed to telegraph to withdraw the troops. The Board thereupon telegraphed to the Viceroy calling for a Report on the matter and are now in receipt of the following reply:-\n\n\"Lao Wang Ho Shan (Wung Kum), also called the Island of Hêng Ch'iu (Hêng Kin), is situated to the south-west of Shih Tzu Mên (Che Tze Men). East of Hêng Ch'in, across the strait, is Chiu Ao Shan (Kieou Ngo Chan). North of Hêng Ch'in, and separated from it by the sea, is Wa Kang Ling, and still further north beyond Wa Kang Ling are the two small islands known as Ma Liu Chou, consisting of two islands known respectively as the large and the small island, the former lying to the west and the latter to the east. It is on this small island that the customs station of Lappa is situated. Both these islands are within the jurisdiction of Hsiang Shan Hsien and under the regulations hitherto in force the Sub-Prefect of Chien Shan used to station a detachment of the troops under his command there for police purposes. As I am at present engaged in the reorganization of the Police Administration I gave special instructions to the Sub-Prefect of Chien Shan to ascertain the position of the old military post existing in 1887 and station additional troops there in accordance with the provision contained in the second Article of the Treaty that 'so long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded everything with respect to them shall remain as at present without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the Parties.'\"\n\nThe Board have the honour to observe that the second Article of the Treaty of 1887 between China and Portugal provides: \"So long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded everything with respect to them shall remain as at present without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the Parties.\" The islands near the customs station of Lappa are under the jurisdiction of Hsiang Shan Hsien and the stationing of troops there by the Sub-Prefect of Chien Shan was in accordance with the practice existing in 1887, at the time when the Treaty was concluded, and under that Treaty no alteration should be made until the delimitation of the boundaries has been concluded. The instructions issued by the Viceroy, in pursuance of his scheme for the reorganization of the police system, that troops should be stationed at the old military post were, therefore, in accordance with Treaty and the Board are unable to order the withdrawal of the troops.\n\nIn sending this note for your Excellency's information I avail, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nPrince CHING.\n\nPeking, 34th year, 4th month, 23rd day (May 22, 1908).\n\n(Translation.) Sir,\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nWai-wu Pu to Baron Sendal.\n\nIN their note of the 18th instant, replying to a communication from your Excellency, the Board had the honour to state that as the place near Kung-pei (Lappa) where China has stationed troops was already a military station at the time when the Treaty of 1887 between China and Portugal was concluded they could not order the withdrawal of the troops.\n\nI am now in receipt of the following telegram from the Viceroy at Canton :---- \"The Treaty of 1887 between China and Portugal provides that so long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded, everything in respect of them shall continue as at present without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the Parties. Since the conclusion of the Treaty, however, Portugal has repeatedly made alterations in the boundaries--always in the form of additions. Prior to Kuang-hsü 28 (1897-8) the boundary extended to Stui Keng-wei in Macao, and Wang Hsia, and other villages, seven in all, in San Pa Mên, paid grain tax in Hsiang Shan Hsien. After this date the Portuguese authorities in Macao compelled them to pay rent.\n\n\"Of recent years the Portuguese authorities have required fishing boats anchoring in the river at Wan Tzû to obtain permits under pain of detention and fines.\n\n\"The river at Yin Kêng has long been an anchorage for Chinese gunboats but recently Portuguese gunboats have forced their way there to make investigations. At the beginning of this month three oyster boats belonging to Tung Kuan Hsien arrived there; the Portuguese ordered them to pay fees for a permit, and on this demand being refused on the ground that it was contrary to the regulations hitherto in force, suddenly detained the boats and arrested the crews.\n\n\"The Portuguese are at present erecting buildings and constructing additional barracks at Chiu Ao (Colowan),\n\n\"Formerly floating marks (buoys) were placed in the middle of the river between Macao and Wan Tzu, but after the Tatsu Maru' affair the Portuguese removed these\n\nPage ...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 416961, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 287, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "4\n\nbuoys to the Wan Tzu bank, and have placed additional buoys in the sea beyond Chi T'ou Shan,\n\n\"All these acts are flagrant breaches of the Treaty, and I have the honour to request that the Portuguese Minister be asked to put a stop to them.”\n\nI have the honour to remind your Excellency that the second Article of the 1887 Treaty between China and Portugal provided that \"so long as the delimitation of the boundaries is not concluded, everything in respect to them shall continue as at present without addition, diminution, or alteration by either of the parties.\" The Board have on several occasions protested against the repeated alterations made by Portugal in respect of the boundaries existing in 1887.\n\nThe facts now reported by the Viceroy at Canton that barracks are being constructed at Chin Ao (Colowan), that the Portuguese have on their own authority removed the buoys in the middle of the river between Macao and Wan Tzú and have placed other buoys in the sea off Chi Tou Shan are all contrary to Treaty,\n\nThe Viceroy at Canton is urging the Administration of Macao (Ao Mên Chêng Ting) to carry out their Treaty obligations, and I have now the honour to request that your Excellency will ask the Portuguese Government to at once put a stop to the construction of the barracks, remove the buoys, and refrain from arresting the oyster boats, so that the requirements of the Treaty may be complied with and friendly relations preserved.\n\nAwaiting the honour of a reply, I avail, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nMemorandum by M. Brederode.\n\nPrince CHING.\n\nSON Excellence le Baron de Sendal est allé, le 21 Avril, au Wai-wu Pu et a demandé à son Excellence Mr. Lien Fang s'il était vrai que la Chine eût l'intention de mettre des soldats à Lappa. Son Excellence Lien Fang lui répondit catégorique-ment et à plusieurs reprises: \"Il n'y a rien ! Il n'y a rien de cela !\" Et pourtant, le 22, il y avait déjà des soldats Chinois à Lappa!\n\nAprès cela, toutes les fois que le Baron de Sendal est allé au Wai-wu Pu (le 28 Avril, le 1er Mai, le 5 Mai, et le 8 Mai) réclamer contre cette violation du statu quo et aussi contre ce débarquement de soldats à Vong-Cam, leurs Excellences Na Tong Yen Shih Kai et Lien Fang, ont toujours affirmé qu'ils n'en savaient rien, qu'ils allaient demander au Vice-roi de Canton s'il l'avait fait et pourquoi, &c.\n\nEt cela dure depuis le 21 Avril.\n\nL'Ile de Vong-Cam, comme celle de D. João (Macarira), a été toujours considérée comme dépendance de Macau (vide p. 69 du Livre Blanc de 1888).\n\nQuant à Lappa, Sir Robert Hart, dans une dépêche à Thomaz de Souza Rosa, négociateur du Traité de 1887, dépêche datée du 22 Septembre, 1887, lui disait: \"Je ne doute pas que la question de Lappa soit maintenant prise en considération\"; et dans le projet de Convention Fiscale, qui accompagnait cette dépêche, Sir Robert Hart insérait l'Article suivant (p. 13 du Livre Blanc)-\n\nL'Article 15. La Chine permet que le Portugal occupe, fasse usage, et gouverne l'île connue sous le nom de Lappa, dans laquelle les Portugais ont eu anciennement occupation, et aussi les deux îlots appelés Malaochas, proche de l'Ile de Lappa, et cette occupation, usage, et gouvernement de Lappa, et des deux îlots ne prendra fin que si le Portugal cesse de prêter son assentiment à cette présente Convention à propos de l'opium.\"\n\nIl est vrai que Sir Robert Hart, après, n'a pu maintenir cet Article. Mais il n'en est pas moins vrai qu'à cette date-là il nous trouvait le droit de posséder et de gouverner Lappa, reconnaissant que nous y avions déjà eu des résidences.\n\nLe 1er Mars, 1887, Mr. James Duncan Campbell communiqua à son Excellence le Ministre des Affaires Etrangères à Lisbonne un télégramme envoyé par Sir Robert Hart pour établir les bases du Traité. L'Article 2 porte: Reconnaissance par Traité de la perpétuelle occupation et gouvernement de Macau et ses dépendances par le Portugal.\n\n5\n\nSir Robert Hart confirme cet Article dans un télégramme du 20 Mars, 1887 (p. 45 du Livre Blanc).\n\nDans ces termes a été rédigé l'Article 2 du Protocole de Lisbonne du 26 Mars, 1887, que l'Article 2 du Traité confirme entièrement.\n\nQu'elles étaient ces dépendances? Le négociateur du Traité, Souza Rosa, l'a clairement dit au Tsong-li Yamên: \"L'Ile Verte, Taipa, D. João (Macarira), Colovane, et Vong-Cam, et, bien entendu, toutes leurs eaux territoriales, restant bien compris que la juridiction Portugaise du côté ouest de la Péninsule de Macau s'étend sur toutes les eaux jusqu'à la côte est de Lappa et au rocher Apo-Léac.\"\n\nNous ne ... Donc, Lappa n'a pas d'eaux territoriales Chinoises dans sa côte est. Nous avons jamais reconnu, et de fait nous avons toujours exercé pleine juridiction sur toutes les eaux du port intérieur de Macau. Ce qui prouve, semble-t-il, que Lappa doit être considérée sous l'influence Portugaise, puisque ses eaux sont sous notre juridiction.\n\nLe 27 Avril des soldats Chinois débarquèrent à Vong-Cam (Montanha) et y établirent des postes et y hissèrent un pavillon. Les habitants de Vong-Cam se considèrent sous notre juridiction. Ils demandent permission au Gouvernement de Macau pour exploiter les carrières de pierre et les parcs à huîtres, et payent l'impôt de ces permissions. C'est aux abattoirs de Colovane qu'ils apportent leurs pores pour qu'ils y soient abattus, payant là volontairement l'impôt et la taxe dus pour ce service. Il nous payent en outre la contribution (l'impôt). Leur Ti-fu (autorité communale) de Manio, élu par eux, demande toujours sa confirmation au Préfet de Taipa et Colovane. C'est les habitants de Vong-Cam et le Ti-fu qui demandent cette confirmation au Préfet Portugais de Taipa et Colovane. Et sans cette confirmation ils ne considèrent pas l'élection du Ti-fu comme valable. La municipalité Portugaise de Taipa et Colovane paye et maintient l'école de Manio dans l'Ile de Vong-Cam (Montanha). A Vong-Cam la Chine ne lève aucun impôt indirect ou direct. De même à D. João (Macarira). Dans cette dernière île c'est le Portugal qui a toujours dominé. Nous y avons la ladrerie (hôpital pour les lépreux) de Pac-Salam, que nous entretenons et payons. Ceci semble vraiment un incontestable document d'occupation et d'administration. Comme à Vong-Cam, les Ti-fus (Maires, ou quelque chose d'y approchant) de D. João (Macarira) sont aussi élus par le peuple, qui en demande égale-ment la confirmation au Préfet de Taipa et Colovane. De même les propriétaires des parcs à huîtres, des appareils de pêche, et des carrières de D. João (Macarira) nous demandent la permission de les exploiter, et nous en payent l'impôt. Leurs écoles dépendent de nous. Dans ces deux îles, Vong-Cam et D. João (Macarira) les populations se sentent tellement sous notre juridiction que spontanément ils ont demandé que, à l'instar de ce que nous avons fait à Colovane, nous les dotions avec des gardes de police rurale.\n\nLégation de Portugal, Pékin [non datée].\n\nInclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nMap of Macao.\n\n[Not printed.]\n\n0\n\n* Sie.\n\n284", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 417234, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "page_number": 560, "title": "CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908", "content_text": "P.S.-Since writing the above I have received a visit from the Viceroy's Secretary, who has supplied me with the Chinese version of the incident.\n\nThe gun-boat had, in accordance with the usual practice, anchored at Yin Keng, the anchorage mentioned in your despatch No. 23 of the 31st May last, a place hitherto always considered to be outside Portuguese jurisdiction.\n\nIt is apparently only since the \"Tatsu Maru\" case that the Government of Macao have claimed the place as part of the territorial waters of the Colony, and the Captain of the Chinese gun-boat considered himself perfectly justified in declining to comply with Portuguese Harbour Regulations.\n\nAn explanation having been called for by the Wai-wu Pu, the above is, I understand, the substance of his Excellency's reply.\n\nInclosure 2 in No. 1.\n\nActing Consul-General Fox to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n(No. 28. Confidential.) Sir,\n\nH. H. F.\n\nCanton, June 29, 1908. IN continuation of my despatch No. 23, Confidential, of the 16th June, I have the honour to report the substance of a further conversation which I have had with M. de Moraes, the Portuguese Consul-General at Canton, on the subject of the strained relations existing between the Governments of Macao and Canton.\n\nReferring to the gun-boat incident, M. de Moraes said that the Viceroy's statement that the gun-boat in question anchored at Yinking, on the opposite side of the harbour—a place reserved as an anchorage for Chinese men-of-war—was incorrect. He was himself an eye-witness to the fact that this vessel anchored in the foreign men-of-war anchorage in Macao Harbour, a short distance astern of the Portuguese guard-ship.\n\nThere was not, he added, nor had there ever been, any portion of the harbour reserved for Chinese men-of-war.\n\nThat the Commander of the Chinese gun-boat had special instructions to act as he did, M. de Moraes considers is proved by the fact that another Chinese gun-boat entering the harbour a few hours later and anchoring in exactly the same place furnished the usual information required by the harbour authorities without demur.\n\nAs showing that the Viceroy, doubtless acting under instructions from the Central Government, is making a determined attempt to refuse to recognize Portugal's rights over any territory other than that comprised within the Macao Peninsula, M. de Moraes related to me the following incident:\n\nAbout a month ago two Chinese officers, a small military official stationed in the Kongmoon district and the Commander of a Chinese gun-boat, came to Macao and invoked the Governor's assistance in capturing some robbers who had taken refuge on Colowan Island. The Governor dispatched a posse of police, Chinese and Sikhs, to the spot, who endeavoured, unsuccessfully, to capture these robbers. The police lost one Chinese constable killed and two Sikhs wounded. Reinforcements were sent for, and a company of soldiers proceeded to the island, only to find that the robbers had made good their escape.\n\nOn the Portuguese Consul-General, at the request of the Macao authorities, communicating the affair to the Viceroy, the latter in an official despatch animadverted in strong terms on the cowardly and incapable conduct of the Chinese officers who had invoked assistance from Macao, and, while thanking the Governor for his good offices and expressing regret at the casualties which had occurred, stated that the officers in question would be punished for their breach of discipline. The Viceroy went on to state, categorically, that neither the Island of Colowan, nor Taipa, Caprita Point, Koho, Wang Kum Island, Macarira Island, Maolochow, Shek Loksui, Ying King, or Lappa was under the jurisdiction of Macao, because, said the Viceroy, they were islands or parts of islands separated from Macao by the natural barrier of the sea.\n\nM. de Moraes at once replied to the Viceroy's despatch protesting against this entirely novel and unjustifiable definition of the term \"Macao and its dependencies,\" and pointing out, with regard to Colowan, that that island had been in the military occupation of Macao since the year 1868. It was therefore clearly Portuguese territory under the Agreement of 1887.\n\nThe Consul-General, in support of his contention, quoted a despatch from Viceroy Tsen, dated the 2nd October, 1904 (Kuang Hsü, 30th year, 8th moon, 23rd day), in which the latter, while thanking the Macao authorities for the assistance they had rendered in effecting the capture of a notorious robber named Lin Kua Ssu, who had taken refuge on Colowan, referred to that island as Ao Men Shu Ti, Macao territory.\n\nThe Viceroy, in acknowledging this despatch, again thanked the Macao authorities for the special assistance rendered on this occasion, but reiterated his former statement that he could not admit that the jurisdiction of Macao extended to any of the surrounding islands or to the waters appertaining thereto.\n\nM. de Moraes takes a very serious view of the present situation, as the Macao authorities are, he says, determined to uphold their rights at all costs. The guard-ship would, he assures me, have fired on the Chinese gun-boat the other day had the latter not obeyed the order to leave the harbour, and he fears the recurrence of a similar incident may result in a collision between the naval and military forces of the two Governments.\n\nM. de Moraes mentioned that in the last despatch received from the Viceroy the Governor of Macao is referred to as \"Kuei kuo chu ao men tsung tu,\" the Governor residing at Macao, instead of the usual appellation of \"Ao men tsung tu,\" Governor of Macao.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)\n\nAltesse,\n\nInclosure 3 in No. 1.\n\nPortuguese Chargé d'Affaires to Wai-wu Pu.\n\nH. H. FOX.\n\nLe 17 Juillet, 1908. A PROPOS des notes de votre Altesse Impériale du 18 et 22 Mai et 23 Juin et me référant à celle de la même date de son Excellence Na Tung, dirigées toutes à son Excellence le Baron de Sendal et conformément aux instructions reçues du Gouvernement de Sa Majesté, j'ai l'honneur de communiquer à votre Altesse Impériale que le Gouvernement Portugais nommera très probablement les Délégués Portugais, lesquels, d'accord avec les désignés par le Gouvernement Chinois, auront à procéder à la délimitation de Macao et de ses dépendances.\n\nLe Gouvernement de Sa Majesté n'a pas voulu attribuer à une intention hostile du Gouvernement Impérial les derniers incidents, mais il ne peut cependant ne pas les considérer comme les violations du Traité et des offenses aux droits qu'il nous reconnaît, et il réclame donc le maintien strict du statu quo depuis longtemps établi, étant dans la conviction que votre Gouvernement retirera sans plus de délais ses troupes de Lappa et Vong Cam, bien comme de tout autre territoire non occupé par la Chine avant le Traité du 1o Décembre, 1887.\n\nLe Gouvernement de Sa Majesté ne s'est pas opposé jusqu'à présent aux débarquements effectués dans le seul but de ne pas difficulter une solution, qu'il désire amicale, de la question, mais d'ores et déjà il proteste qu'il ne consentira pas Et il maintient, en outre, que la Chine en tire des arguments pour la délimitation. que tous les territoires occupés par le Portugal à la date date du susdit Traité de 1887 nous appartiennent,\n\n557", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-352 - Public Offices - 1908.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 421657, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 446, "title": "CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# 444 \n## C.O. \n### AFFAIRS OF CHINA. \n#### 6761 \n##### [February 10. \n###### **CONFIDENTIAL.** \n\n**RECE** SECTION 2. \n**REC 25 FE 09** \n[5520] \n\n### No. 1. \n#### (No. 36.) Sir, \n##### Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey. —(Received February 10.) \nPeking, January 19, 1909. \n\nI HAVE the honour to report on the recent developments of the Macao question, which seems to be entering on a serious phase. \n\nThe previous correspondence which terminated with my despatch No. 507 of the 8th November, 1908, brought the case up to the point where the Chinese Government definitely furnished their reasons for refusing to accept the three Commissioners appointed by Portugal, and made a formal request for the appointment of fresh Commissioners. \n\nNo reply was made to this communication, and the situation remained unchanged until the 28th ultimo, when the Wai-wu Pu addressed a further note to the Portuguese Chargé d'Affaires on the subject. \n\nIn this they alleged, on the strength of a telegram received from the Viceroy at Canton, that the Portuguese had been collecting land tax at Ma Liao Ho on the east of the Island of Wang Kum (Montanha), and imprisoning Chinese who refused payment. They also quoted a rumour that Portugal was sending ships of war to Macao, and they deprecated any modification of the existing situation or display of force pending delimitation. \n\nThis was followed by another letter on the 7th instant, in which the Board reiterated their request for the appointment of Commissioners to carry out the work of delimitation, and in subsequent correspondence complaints were made of fresh violations of territory. The Portuguese were charged with surveying the land between Colowan and Chin Ao, with forbidding the natives to cut timber thereon, with carrying on dredging operations in disputed waters, and with compelling Chinese subjects to sign documents, the purport of which they did not understand. These and other charges will be found embodied in the correspondence, copies of which I have the honour to transmit herewith.* \n\nOn the 10th instant his Excellency Liang Tun-yen came to see me and discussed the question at some length. He enumerated the various acts of which the Chinese Government complained, and conveyed the impression that Portugal would scarcely have sanctioned such aggressive proceedings if she had not been able to rely upon the support of His Majesty's Government. I told him that the Portuguese Chargé d'Affaires, with whom I had been in constant communication, was firmly convinced that the Chinese were making a deliberate attempt to crush his countrymen out of Macao, and that I myself was inclined to believe, from what I knew of their attitude in other matters, that the Canton authorities were, probably without the knowledge of the Imperial Government, pursuing a policy of adventure which would sooner or later create a serious situation and oblige us to intervene in fulfilment of our Treaty obligations to Portugal. \n\nLiang Tun-yen assured me that all the Chinese desired was to have the boundaries of Macao fairly delimited in conformity with the Treaty of 1887. There was no hope, however, of attaining this object if they accepted the Commissioners appointed by Portugal, all three of whom were the moving spirits in the present policy of encroachment. \n\nAs an earnest of Chinese good faith in the matter, he said that if Portugal would appoint a Commissioner of high rank independent of all local influence, China would nominate an officer of equal standing and independence, and he asked me to submit this proposal to you for transmission to the Portuguese Government. At the same time he promised to furnish me with a Memorandum on the subject, which reached me on the following day, and which merely recapitulated the leading facts cited in the previous correspondence. \n\nA copy of this paper is inclosed herewith.† \n\n* Wai-wu Pu to Portuguese Chargé d'Affaires, December 28, 1908, January 7, 8, 9, and 11, 1909. \n† Liang Tun-yen, January 11, 1909. \n\n[2155 k-2]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-360 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423306, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 709, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## commissioner still remains very intractable, and I propose to take an early opportunity of again warning the Chinese Government that persistence in this attitude may involve a degree of intervention on our part, which in the interests of friendly relations it is very desirable to avoid.\n\nAs there is no reference to the port of Heungchow in the Portuguese statements, I have asked M. Brederode to obtain, if possible, a telegraphic denial of Liang Ta-jen's allegation from General Machado.\n\nTwo despatches* which I have the honour to enclose from the consul-general at Canton will be found of interest in connection with the proposed opening of this place, to which, however, little serious attention need be paid.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n(d.) Les îles de Lapa, Verte, Taipa, Colovane, Dom João, Vong-Cam, et les îlots qui leur sont de tout près adjacents.\n(e.) Les eaux littorales de la péninsule et du territoire insulaire ci-dessus.\n\nDe leur position dans des établissements, c'est-à-dire à Macau et ses dépendances, dix générations durant, les Portugais affranchirent de la piraterie le commerce méridional de la Chine, et ils y ont été l'agent primaire du développement économique dont s'est enrichi l'Empire dans ses relations avec les autres Puissances, arrivées après le Portugal.\n\nD'autres avantages d'une haute importance politique ont résulté pour l'Empire de la présence du Portugal dans ces lieux.\n\nDans l'intérêt réciproque des deux nations, de leur bon voisinage et du respect mutuel qu'elles se doivent, le commissaire du Portugal s'attend que son Excellence le haut commissaire du Celeste-Empire saura s'accorder avec lui dans la délimitation d'une ligne de frontière sur le système territorial ci-dessus, capable d'être agréée par les Gouvernements qu'ils ont l'honneur de représenter.\n\nO Secretario da Commissão,\nJ. NORTON DE MATTOS.\n\nHong-Kong, le 23 juillet, 1909.\nJOAQUIM MACHADO.\n\n### Memoranda by Senhor Machado.\n\n#### (1.)\n\nD'après l'article 2 de la charte constitutionnelle, qui établit le régime politique de la Monarchie portugaise et qui fut solennellement publiée le 26 avril, 1826, avec connaissance de toutes les Puissances, sans qu'aucune d'elles y ait opposé la moindre objection, sont compris dans le territoire appartenant au Royaume de Portugal, en Asie, les établissements de Macau.\n\nLorsque l'Empire chinois, en conséquence de la cession de Hong-Kong à la Grande-Bretagne et de l'ouverture de quelques-uns de ses ports au commerce des autres Puissances, origina la perte des avantages commerciaux que les Portugais jouissaient dans leurs établissements de Macau, un décret Royal du 20 novembre, 1845, a dû déclarer la franchise pour le commerce de toutes les nations de quelques ports des établissements de Macau, lesquels, dans ce décret, sont désignés le port intérieur \"ou de la rivière (rio)\" et \"les ports extérieurs de la Taipa et de la rade.\"\n\nD'après l'article 2 du protocole signé à Lisbonne le 26 mars, 1887, confirmé par l'article 11 du traité conclu à Pékin le 1er décembre de la même année, Sa Majesté l'Empereur de la Chine a reconnu formellement l'occupation et le gouvernement de Macau et de ses dépendances par le Portugal, comme toute autre colonie portugaise.\n\nIl est stipulé que des commissaires des deux Gouvernements délimiteront les frontières, qui seront fixées par convention spéciale, avec cette clause expresse que, pour aussi longtemps que les délimitations ne seraient pas conclues, tout les concernant serait maintenu sans augmentation ou altération, par aucune des parties contractantes.\n\nPour l'exécution de ce qui a ainsi été convenu, le Gouvernement Impérial, en note du 8 février, 1909, de son Excellence le Ministre Liou, a donné sa pleine adhésion à l'arrangement proposé par son Excellence le Ministre des Affaires Etrangères du Portugal, le Conseiller Wenceslau de Lima, pour la délimitation de Macau et ses dépendances.\n\nOutre ce qui est statué dans les diplômes susmentionnés, le commissaire de Portugal ayant compulsé les titres fournis par l'histoire des relations séculaires entre son pays et la Chine, tenant en considération l'état de fait des occupations portugaises depuis longtemps, et au moment de la signature du traité de 1887, et en obéissance au devoir qu'ont les Etats limitrophes de démarquer leurs frontières en sorte que l'on écarte toute cause, et même tout prétexte, à des conflits qui puissent entraver la paix et la bonne harmonie entre leurs ressortissants, et sans préjudice d'un examen plus approfondi, fait conjointement avec son Excellence le haut commissaire du Gouvernement chinois, est d'avis que l'on prenne, comme base des délimitations :\n\n| (a.) | La Péninsule de Macau de la pointe de la Barre jusqu'à la Porte de l'Enceinte, sise sur l'ancienne \"Barrière de limite.\" |\n| (b.) | Le territoire neutralisé entre cette barrière et Passalean. |\n| (c.) | Le port intérieur. |\n\n* Not printed.\n\n#### (2.)\n\nHong-Kong, le 22 juillet, 1909.\n\nLe fait accompli de l'établissement des Portugais à Macau et ses dépendances, en vertu d'ancienne occupation, ayant été conventionnellement reconnu par le Gouvernement chinois en 1887, ce qui constitue ces dépendances est resté, cependant, en suspens et sans décision jusqu'à présent.\n\nPour que l'on puisse arriver à une conception positive de quels étaient les territoires compris dans l'occupation primitive, et pourtant de ce qui doit constituer les dépendances de Macau, il faut d'abord examiner les circonstances où l'occupation s'est accomplie.\n\nC'est un fait avéré par l'opinion unanime d'historiens nationaux et étrangers que les Portugais ont occupé Macau en 1557 après avoir mis en déroute le fameux pirate Chan-si-long, qui à cette époque infestait la mer, les fleuves, et les canaux du sud de la Chine, en se servant des territoires où les Portugais se sont depuis établis comme base d'opérations.\n\nCes territoires, c'est-à-dire, la Péninsule de Macau, les îles et eaux environnantes, étaient alors tout à fait dans les mains de pirates.\n\nLes Portugais s'établirent pourtant dans les lieux où il n'y avait pas d'autorité publique constituée ou de fait, ils ne rencontrèrent aucune occupation chinoise.\n\nD'abord ils choisirent dans ces lieux l'emplacement le plus convenable pour la fondation d'une ville, sans cependant délaisser le territoire insulaire d'où ils avaient chassé la piraterie.\n\nIl faut insister sur ce point, d'où découle le fondement initial du droit du Portugal aux îles voisines de la Péninsule de Macau.\n\nLes Portugais ont fait dans ces contrées, il y a trois siècles et demi, ce que les Grandes Puissances font encore aujourd'hui, mais dans des proportions plus considérables, en circonstances identiques. Après l'occupation on s'établit dans les positions les plus favorables pour conserver, dominer, et défendre le territoire occupé.\n\nA cette époque-là la seule occupation de la péninsule, appuyée par les forces et les vaisseaux portugais, était tout ce qu'il fallait pour garantir et maintenir la domination sur le reste du territoire: en sorte que la fondation de la ville n'a seulement représenté l'occupation de la péninsule, mais aussi celle des îles désertes voisines.\n\nPour la conservation et sûreté des Portugais à la péninsule il était essentiel de dominer sur ces îles et sur la mer qui les entoure: autrement au ralliement de pirates, l'arrivée d'autres ennemis, ou tout autre événement fortuit, mettraient leur vie en risque et pourraient même causer la disparition de la ville, comme, du reste, ils en savaient déjà par l'expérience des faits tragiques de Liampo et Chincheu.\n\nLeur commerce a exigé, immédiatement après l'occupation de Macau, l'établissement du port de la Rivière et de celui de la Taipa, où mouillaient les navires de plus fort tirant et dont la barre était alors la plus accessible; pour leur outillage, leur adaptation aux besoins de la navigation et leur défense et sûreté, on ne pourrait pas se passer de la terre attenante.\n\nPage 707", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423307, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 710, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## Le Gouvernement de la Chine ne s'est pas opposé à l'occupation de ces territoires par les Portugais\n\nLe Gouvernement de la Chine ne s'est pas opposé à l'occupation de ces territoires par les Portugais, qui, depuis l'expulsion des pirates, y ont prospéré et fondé une nouvelle patrie, en obéissant toujours à la souveraineté du Portugal, sans la moindre entrave de la part des autorités chinoises.\n\nLorsque, en 1573, le Gouvernement de la Chine trouvait bon de faire construire une muraille dans l'isthme de la péninsule comme délimitation, de ce côté, entre la colonie portugaise et le territoire chinois, et qu'il construisait un fort à Passalean, où il exerçait juridiction, il ne prenait pas de mesures identiques sur les îles voisines de Macau, ce qu'il n'aurait pas manqué de faire, s'il ne les eût pas considérées comme faisant partie des établissements portugais.\n\nÀ l'ombre et sous la protection des Portugais de Macau, quelques petits villages ont commencé à se fonder dans les îles désertes voisines. Ses habitants trouvaient dans l'organisation administrative et judiciaire de la colonie portugaise les garanties d'ordre et de sécurité indispensables à la vie sociale, et dans ses forteresses et ses soldats la protection contre les ennemis extérieurs.\n\nLorsque ces villages se sont un peu agrandis et qu'ils n'étaient pas assez à la portée de la ville, le Gouvernement de Macau y a placé des délégués administratifs et des forces de police, et fait des travaux de fortification, de voirie et d'autres pour la défense et bien-être des habitants, et a maintenu tout cela jusqu'à présent.\n\nAinsi sont fondés les établissements de Macau.\n\n## L'occupation primordiale et la souveraineté du Portugal\n\nL'occupation primordiale, le commerce, l'institution d'autorités administratives, judiciaires, et militaires, le temps, l'évolution, ont accompli leur œuvre de consolidation, transformant graduellement à travers les siècles, l'état de fait en droit de souveraineté du Portugal sur la péninsule et les îles voisines, qui forment la colonie européenne de beaucoup la plus ancienne de l'Extrême-Orient.\n\nAprès la marche logique des événements qui ont amené la souveraineté, par occupation, des Portugais à Macau et ses dépendances, il faut aussi se rendre compte si les territoires occupés ont, ou non, obéi aux limites que le droit des gens reconnaît comme licites et naturellement nécessaires.\n\n\"Quelle est,\" demande Rivier (\"Principes du Droit des Gens,” p. 195), \"la région géographique acquise, lorsqu'un Etat a pris possession de points déterminés ?\"\n\nLa réponse de ce publiciste, se rapportant à Twiss, Hall, Bluntschli, Holtzendorff, et d'autres jurisconsultes de la plus haute renommée, c'est que :\n\n## La région géographique acquise\n\nLorsque l'acquéreur veut prendre possession de l'immeuble dont tradition lui est faite, il n'est point nécessaire qu'il prenne possession de chaque partie de fonds; il lui suffit, dit le jurisconsulte, d'entrer dans une partie quelconque, pourvu que soit avec la conscience et l'intention de posséder l'immeuble dans son étendue entière, jusqu'aux limites. ... Le principe du droit civil suppose un immeuble délimité, déterminé exactement dans son unité et individualité, et qu'il ne saurait être applicable, en droit des gens, à l'occupation de territoires immenses, non encore entièrement explorés où cette condition d'unité et de délimitation matérielle fait totalement défaut.\n\n\"Le principe juste, c'est que, l'occupation devant être effective, on ne peut tenir pour acquises que les seules régions qui sont soumises réellement au pouvoir, tel qu'on vient de caractériser, de l'Etat occupant contrairement à ce principe, diverses Puissances ont émis et émettent encore, au gré de leur intérêt, des prétentions arbitraires.\n\nLa question sera toujours de savoir jusqu'où s'étend la domination réelle et matérielle. Cela dépendra de la configuration du pays, de sa topographie, de son hydrographie, de son orographie. Reste toujours, d'ailleurs, la nécessité des actes manifestant l'`animus Domini`, c'est-à-dire, ce que l'on a l'intention de dominer.\"\n\n## L'intention des Portugais\n\nLes Portugais qu'il y a trois siècles et demi ont occupé Macau n'avaient pas dans leur esprit l'ambition d'acquérir d'immenses extensions territoriales; l'intention, née de la force des circonstances, n'a été que de dominer le territoire terrestre et maritime dans l'unité minime, que le droit de sûreté et de conservation commandait, pour que l'occupation fût tenable, soit contre les pirates, soit contre d'autres ennemis.\n\nIls n'avaient, non plus, l'intention d'étendre leur occupation à l'hinterland, mais seulement à la région dont la péninsule était entourée et qu'avec elle formait l'ensemble stratégiquement uni que leur défense exigeait.\n\nComplètement inexplorée, cette région, d'ailleurs bien petite, sans aucune espèce d'autorité chinoise et inhabitée, se composait de la Péninsule de Macau et des îles adjacentes: Lapa, Verte, Taipa, Colovane, Dom João, et Vong-Cam, et les îlots accessoires.\n\n## La souveraineté portugaise\n\nAvec le siège du Gouvernement à Macau, ces îles et les eaux littorales environnantes formaient le fonds dont l'unité, au point de vue du droit des gens, comme cité ci-dessus, les Portugais ne sauraient qu'avoir l'intention de placer sous leur domination, et qu'ils ont, en effet, acquis, d'après la marche des événements et par force des circonstances, comme il a été démontré plus haut.\n\nL'Empire chinois ayant fait bâtir la barrière de limite de 1573, pour séparer le territoire qu'il occupait de celui de la péninsule, où les Portugais avaient déjà fondé la \"Ville du Saint-Nom de Dieu de Macau,\" n'était pas censé les exclure des îles adjacentes.\n\nD'après Martens (\"Précis du Droit des Gens moderne,\" &c., p. 38): \"A défaut de limites certaines, le droit d'une nation d'exclure des nations étrangères des terres et îles voisines ne s'étend pas au delà du district qu'elle cultive, ou duquel, du moins, elle peut prouver l'occupation.\"\n\nOr, dans ces îles, comme, d'ailleurs, à Macau, il n'y avait ni cultivation, ni habitants, ni occupation, ni vestige d'occupation. Elles étaient tout à fait désertes, comme bien d'autres dans la côte de la Chine-là sont encore de ces jours.\n\nCes territoires, donc, par ancienne, très ancienne, occupation, sont sous la souveraineté portugaise, le Portugal les gouvernait depuis longtemps à l'occasion de la signature du traité de 1887, et pourtant - le terrain entre la Porte de l'Enceinte et Passalean neutralisé - ils constituent la colonie autour de laquelle les démarcations limitrophes avec la Chine doivent être tracées.\n\n## Péninsule de Macau\n\nLa partie territoriale de la colonie - Macau et ses dépendances – désignée \"Macau,\" a été de tout temps, depuis l'occupation portugaise, la petite péninsule de ce nom, liée par un isthme très étroit à la côte méridionale de la Chine dans le district de Heung-Shan, province du Kuang-Tung.\n\nLes Portugais l'occupent tout entière depuis trois siècles et demi, et y ont fondé le siège du gouvernement.\n\nL'Empire chinois ayant reconnu, dans le traité de 1887, l'occupation perpétuelle et du Gouvernement de Macau et de ses dépendances par le Portugal, la péninsule étant, alors, dans toute son extension occupée et gouvernée par le Portugal, était naturellement comprise dans l'ensemble où incidait la reconnaissance de la Chine.\n\nAucun doute ne peut donc s'élever pour qu'elle ait le terrain neutre comme limite nord la frontière passant sur les ruines de la barrière de démarcation faite en 1573 par les autorités de Chiasan, où se trouve actuellement l'arc de la \"Porte de l'Enceinte,” construit par le Gouvernement de Macau en 1870.\n\n## Territoire neutralisé\n\nLa \"Barrière de l'Enceinte\" où est à présent la \"Porte du Cerco,\" a été bâtie par les autorités de Chinsan en 1573, pour séparer du territoire chinois la Péninsule de Macau, à cette époque déjà occupée par les Portugais.\n\nEn 1849, après la prise du fort de Passalean, à la suite du meurtre du Gouverneur Amaral, tout le territoire compris entre la barrière limite et le fort a été acquis aux Portugais.\n\nCependant, par égard envers le Gouvernement de Chine, le Gouvernement de Macau a discontinué l'occupation de ce terrain et, par une tacite intelligence avec les autorités voisines, il a été considéré comme neutre, seulement destiné à des enterrements.\n\nLes autorités chinoises se bornaient à conserver une partie de la route de Chinsan et le Gouvernement de Macau une autre partie dont il fait les frais d'éclairage.\n\nCe modus vivendi, respecté pendant plusieurs années, a produit les meilleurs résultats, ne donnant lieu à aucun conflit.\n\nMais les autorités de Chinsan, depuis quelque temps, ont pratiqué dans ce territoire des transgressions à la neutralisation tacitement entendue, et dont la manutention a été justement le motif de l'abandon, par le Gouvernement de Macau, des droits acquis avec la prise de Passalean.\n\nDu côté portugais, on a toujours protesté contre ces transgressions, et après le traité de 1887, contre les violations de son statu quo, puisqu'on ne devrait pas faire aucune altération dans les territoires à délimiter, la neutralisation devant être regardée comme un fait accompli qui se recommandait par ...\n\nPage 4\nPage 5\nPage 6", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423309, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 712, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "# \nIls ont construit des docks de réparation protégés par une batterie, dont une carte de la dernière partie du dix-septième siècle montre l'existence.\n\nD'ailleurs, cette île, alors de la première occupation, repaire éventuel de pirates, sans aucun indice d'avoir été occupée antérieurement, tout à fait déserte comme un res nullius, n'était que l'habitat de bêtes féroces, que les résidents Portugais y étaient encore en 1687, époque à laquelle le Portugal y dominait déjà en complète absence d'autorité chinoise.\n\nCe n'est que depuis lors, sous l'influence des autorités de Macau et de leur incessante protection que des villages chinois s'y sont fondés en vertu de la sûreté garantie par l'administration de la ville en face.\n\nBien qu'on n'y ait pas posté des forces permanentes, la souveraineté portugaise s'y affirmait continuellement par des actes suivis de vraie domination.\n\nIl est certain en droit des gens comme en droit privé qu'une détention corporelle n'est pas nécessaire pour que la possession soit maintenue. Il suffit que \"des actes de disposition ou de domination puissent être reproduits à volonté par l'État souverain territorial.\" (Rivier, p. 219.)\n\nLa police de Macau descendait à Lapa toutes les fois qu'il fallait y faire des perquisitions, arrêter des malfaiteurs, ou pour toute autre raison d'ordre public, et les tribunaux de Macau jugeaient des crimes que l'on y commettait; encore en 1874 et 1875 on y envoya deux expéditions militaires importantes: autant d'actes de domination pour que la possession en fût maintenue.\n\nAu cours du siècle dernier les gouverneurs de Macau, affirmant toujours la souveraineté de Portugal à Lapa, y ont consenti des servitudes en faveur de l'administration chinoise, sous réserve que la souveraineté de Portugal n'en subirait aucune dérogation.\n\nMais aussi on a fait abolir une servitude fiscale à Ribeira Grande, les autorités chinoises s'y conformant.\n\nCette île, donc, d'après les publicistes, comme il a été constaté, aussi bien que par les déclarations, réserves, affirmations, et prohibitions des autorités portugaises, faites à plusieurs reprises, avant et après le traité de 1887, doit être considérée comme portugaise de droit, comme elle l'est de fait, par l'usage permanent de ses rives et des eaux de ses sources, et par des actes répétés de domination, qu'on y a exercés administrativement, judiciellement, et militairement.\n\nIl est vrai que, un peu avant et après la conclusion du traité de 1887, les autorités de Canton ont empiété sur le domaine que les Portugais avaient initié et maintenu à Lapa. Mais de tels empiétements, qui ne sont que des violations du statu quo créé par le traité contre lesquels on a protesté, ne sauraient s'ériger en droits pour la Chine, ni anéantir ceux que le Portugal avait acquis dans le cours des siècles.\n\n## Ile Verte\n\nCette île, très petite, habitée depuis les temps reculés de l'occupation portugaise par les prêtres du Séminaire de Saint-Joseph, où l'on exploitait les carrières de granit et où, avant la signature du traité de 1887, le Gouvernement de Macau a fait une concession pour l'industrie de ciment, est depuis longtemps sous la souveraineté portugaise, et jamais il n'y a eu d'occupation chinoise.\n\nPar accession d'alluvions utilisées par des travaux d'art, elle se trouve depuis plusieurs années reliée à la Péninsule de Macau par une digue, sur laquelle on a bâti une route.\n\nIl y a eu un petit dock pour abriter la batellerie du trafic du port intérieur, et dans ses rives on exploite des parcs d'huîtres, qui payent l'impôt réglementaire au Gouvernement portugais.\n\nPour ces faits positifs de domination, et parce qu'elle est située dans les eaux du port intérieur, elle fait partie de la colonie.\n\nElle est donc comprise dans le territoire portugais.\n\n## Ile de Taipa\n\nOn doit considérer l'Ile Taipa comme effectivement occupée par les Portugais dès leur établissement à Macau, parce que c'était par sa barre qu'entraient et à son port que mouillaient les navires du plus grand tonnage.\n\nAvec son port, sa forteresse, ses nombreux habitants, ses édifices publics et privés, elle constitue le plus important des établissements portugais dans cette région, après celui de la péninsule.\n\n## \nVers le milieu du siècle, la population de l'île ayant augmenté considérablement, le Gouvernement de Macau, comme mesure défensive et de protection, y a fait construire la forteresse \"da Taipa\"; plus tard, en 1851, il a constitué dans l'île une autorité administrative de catégorie relativement élevée, y a placé des forces militaires, et successivement, jusqu'à 1876, il y a fait construire une église et des édifices publics divers.\n\nTout le territoire de cette île est administré par une municipalité, qui a à sa charge la voirie, les marchés, les cimetières, et tous les autres services municipaux.\n\nLe président de cette municipalité est la principale autorité administrative de l'île, d'ordinaire un officier de l'armée nommé par le gouverneur de Macau.\n\nLes habitants de l'île payent au Gouvernement les impôts avec toute la régularité.\n\nLes autorités chinoises ont eu l'occasion de reconnaître bien des fois l'utilité de cette administration, comme le prouvent les fréquentes demandes qu'elles font au Gouvernement de Macau pour la capture et l'extradition de criminels réfugiés dans l'île.\n\nL'île de la Taipa constitue un cas très caractéristique pour montrer comment la souveraineté du Portugal s'exerce aussi sur les autres îles voisines de la Péninsule de Macau, bien qu'elles n'aient pas encore atteint le même degré de développement.\n\nElle a évidemment été une île déserte après l'expulsion des pirates; peu à peu des pauvres pêcheurs l'ont visitée, se servant presque exclusivement de son port. Avec les conditions de sûreté chaque jour plus efficaces, grâce à la présence des Portugais, ils s'y sont fixés, et ont formé des centres importants de population.\n\nDans ces différentes phases de développement l'action administrative du Gouvernement de Macau a augmenté graduellement, en proportion du progrès de la colonisation de l'île, laquelle a toujours été une dépendance de Macau.\n\n## Ile de Colovane\n\nL'établissement de Colovane n'est pas si important que celui de la Taipa; le Gouvernement de Macau y a cependant exercé toujours une complète juridiction, soit directement, soit par son délégué administratif de la Taipa.\n\nL'agrandissement de la population et les exigences de sa protection contre les pirates ont créé à ce gouvernement la nécessité de poster des forces militaires dans l'île et il les y a conservées, sans interruption, depuis 1864.\n\nSuccessivement on y a construit une caserne, un fort, et divers édifices destinés au service public.\n\nÀ l'extrémité orientale de l'île on a fondé la léproserie de Ko-ho, à laquelle on a transféré les femmes atteintes de lèpre, hospitalisées jusqu'alors dans la léproserie de Pac-sa-lan dans l'Ile de Dom João, et qu'on a trouvé convenable de séparer les lépreux de l'autre sexe.\n\nLes habitants de Colovane payent tous les impôts de l'État et aussi les taxes pour l'exploitation des parcs d'huîtres, des carrières, et des fontaines.\n\nDans le village de Ko-lo, près de la léproserie, les fonctions administratives sont exercées par un délégué de l'autorité portugaise.\n\nPresque dans tous les \"Bulletins officiels\" de la colonie on trouve des documents de la juridiction portugaise dans l'Ile de Colovane.\n\nCette juridiction a été reconnue par les autorités chinoises, voire même par les Vice-rois de Canton, qui, affirmant dans leurs lettres expressément le domaine de Portugal sur cette île, ont maintes fois demandé au Gouvernement de Macau la capture et l'extradition de criminels y réfugiés.\n\n## Ile de Dom João\n\nCette île, il y a une cinquantaine d'années, était comme à son état primitif, à peu près déserte.\n\nMais, avec la présence d'autorité constituée à Taipa, petit à petit, quelques pêcheurs et des tailleurs de pierres y ont fondé des hameaux, demandant la protection des autorités portugaises, en versant les impôts municipaux à Taipa et payant au gouvernement de la colonie des taxes industrielles pour l'exploitation de carrières, fontaines, et huîtrières, aussi bien que l'impôt foncier.\n\nCes hameaux s'étant un peu développés, il a fallu les doter d'une organisation administrative, en sorte que chacun a un chef délégué de l'autorité siégeant à Taipa, dont l'arrondissement l'Ile de Dom João fait partie.\n\n`[2418 b~-2]`\n\n9 \n## \n710", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423310, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "page_number": 713, "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909", "content_text": "## 10\n\nUne école municipale y a été créée par les soins du Gouvernement portugais. Au nord de l'île, à Pac-sa-lan, il y a depuis longtemps une léproserie, où l'on hospitalise tous les malades de lèpre de la colonie ou repoussés des villes chinoises voisines; c'est l'administration de Macau qui en fait tous les frais.\n\nToutes les fois que les habitants sont menacés de malfaiteurs, ou que l'ordre public est altéré dans l'île, on y envoie les secours nécessaires.\n\n## 31\n\nLes archives de la municipalité de Taipa et Colovane et les \"Bulletins officiels de la colonie\" sont remplies de documents publics qui prouvent la juridiction portugaise sur cette île.\n\nL'absence d'autorités chinoises a toujours été manifeste, excepté depuis quelque temps, après la conclusion du traité de 1887, ce qui a donné lieu à des conflits assez désagréables pour les Gouvernements portugais et chinois.\n\nIl faut cependant reconnaître que l'île est encore dans un état social très inférieur.\n\nMais le Gouvernement portugais y a toujours dominé, dans la proportion de son développement, et d'après son droit de conservation, en absence séculaire d'autorité chinoise.\n\nLe Portugal l'a possédée d'une façon continue et paisible pendant longtemps, en y prélevant des impôts et en protégeant les habitants; il en est souverain et d'autre souveraineté ne s'y est jamais mise en évidence.\n\n## Ile de Vong-Cam\n\nCe qui a été dit à propos de la juridiction du Gouvernement de Macau dans l'Ile de Dom João peut être appliqué à l'Ile de Vong-Cam.\n\nIl y a dans cette île à peu près 400 habitants qui payent au Gouvernement les impôts de l'Etat, les taxes de l'exploitation de carrières, fontaines, et parcs d'huîtres, et qui demandent à plusieurs reprises la protection des autorités portugaises.\n\nCette île fait partie de l'arrondissement administratif et municipal de Taipa, et on y a mis une école payée par la municipalité.\n\n## Eaux territoriales\n\nPour prévenir des conflits de juridiction dont l'occurrence est à craindre si l'on adopte comme limite territoriale maritime la ligne de respect de 3 milles, laquelle aurait à subir des inflexions trop complexes, il conviendra de suivre une ligne assez définie, comme suggérée ci-dessous, bien qu'elle réduise les eaux territoriales qui devraient appartenir au Portugal.\n\nElle serait fixée comme suit :\n\n| Clause | Description |\n| --- | --- |\n| (a.) | Du point où l'ancienne barrière de limite intercepte la côte du côté oriental, en suivant le contour de la côte, vers le nord, jusqu'à sa rencontre avec le parallèle de la pointe sud de la plus grande des neuf îles. |\n| (b.) | Ce parallèle jusqu'à sa rencontre avec le méridien de la pointe ci-dessus. |\n| (c) | Suivant ce méridien, vers le sud, jusqu'à son intersection avec le parallèle à 3 milles de la pointe plus méridionale de l'Ile de Vong-Cam. |\n| (d) | Ce parallèle jusqu'à son point de contact avec le méridien de la pointe sud-ouest de l'Ile de Lapa. |\n| (e) | Ce méridien jusqu'à la pointe susmentionnée. |\n| (f) | De cette pointe, par le contour de la rive occidentale de Lapa vers le nord, tournant à l'est jusqu'à sa rencontre avec le parallèle moyen entre l'Ile Verte et le rocher Aposeac, fixé comme limite nord du port intérieur. |\n\nEn transmettant à son Excellence le Haut Commissaire Impérial de Chine les observations précédentes, le commissaire portugais a toute confiance que son Excellence les trouvera parfaitement en règle avec la bonne raison, puisqu'elles obéissent à une démarcation qui s'accorde, en même temps, avec l'état de fait existant depuis des siècles, avec la lettre et l'esprit du traité de 1887 et avec les principes généraux qui doivent servir de guide dans la fixation de frontières pour prévenir des mésintelligences entre les peuples limitrophes.\n\nLa démarcation proposée est la résolution la plus équitable de tout ce qui, jusqu'à présent, reste indécis et n'embrasse que le territoire originalement occupé par les Portugais, lequel, quoique très restreint, est aussi nécessaire à leur sûreté et conservation, que le sont pour Hong-Kong, dans la même région géographique, les ...\n\nPage 368\n\n`1.9/90` \n`MACAO`\n`GR1178/1922/32(III)` \n`XCR(85)72` \n\n## Lappa \n## D. Joao \n## Yongram \n\n* Lappa Customs Stations.\n\nChinson \nGreen I \n\nO \nInner Harbour \nPesatean. \nNeutral Territory \nPorta do Cerco \nMACÃO \nOuter Harbour \nMalaochou Is. \nTAIPA \nCabrito. Pi \nCOLOWAN \nKoka Pt \n\n7:1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423664, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 268, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n### No. 1\n#### SECTION 1\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.—(Received November 26.)\n\n**(No. 406. Confidential.)**\nPeking, November 5, 1909.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report on the course of the negotiations regarding the delimitation of Macao since my despatch No. 348 of the 22nd September was written.\n\nThe memoranda exchanged between the two commissioners, copies of which are inclosed,* give a detailed account of the various stages of the discussion, and it is only necessary for me to pass their contents in brief review, and to add a statement of the action that has been taken here in pursuance of your instructions that I should give such assistance as I could to the Portuguese commissioner.\n\nIn his memoranda Nos. 6, 7 and 8 the Chinese commissioner reiterates his offer to exchange the villages of Lungtin and Mongha, situated between the old walls and the barrier gate in the peninsula of Macao, for the parts of the Islands of Taipa and Colowan actually in the occupation of, or as he chooses to put it \"encroached upon,\" by the Portuguese. The portion thus occupied, he asserts, amounts to only the 100th or 150th part of the total area of those islands.\n\nThe commissioner refuses to discuss the question of territorial waters, as not mentioned in the treaty of 1887, declines to consider the neutral zone lying between the barrier, and Fort Passaulean, to which China, he alleges, never consented, and holds that Lappa, where he finds no traces of Portuguese occupation, should also be excluded from the negotiations. In a well-reasoned reply (memorandum No. 8) the Portuguese commissioner expresses his inability to accept the proposal to exchange Taipa and Colowan for Mongha and Lungtin, both of which places he regards as integral parts of Macao. He points out that the territorial waters are the very essence of the Colony's existence, have been in the possession of Portugal for centuries, and if they ever belonged to China, they were under the sway of formidable pirates whom the Portuguese expelled.\n\nHe expresses his readiness to agree to a division of Lappa, D. João, and Vongeam, although China, he asserts, only attempted to establish her authority in these islands in 1897, ten years after the treaty with Portugal was concluded.\n\nThe Chinese memorandum No. 9, which follows, is little more than a recapitulation of previous statements. It renews the offer to exchange Taipa and Colowan for Mongha and Lungtin, and insists upon the exclusion of all other places from the discussion, except Green Island. This, the Chinese commissioner suggests, should be restored to China, but he is willing that the Green Island Cement Company, which is a British concern, should continue to hold their ground on lease from the Chinese Government.\n\nThe Portuguese memorandum No. 9, which forms a reply to the above, is short and to the point. It states definitely that no arrangement will be accepted which does not recognize the continued occupation and government by Portugal of the whole peninsula, the inner harbour, and the Islands of Taipa, Colowan, and Verte, with their littoral waters, but reiterates the willingness of the Portuguese commissioner to accept a division of Lappa, D. João, and Vongcam in a manner calculated to avoid future disputes.\n\nIn his memorandum No. 10 the Chinese commissioner drops the question of exchanging Taipa and Colowan for Mongba and Lungtin and states that he is prepared to leave the occupied parts of the two former places in the possession of Portugal \"to serve as a resting station for the Portuguese of Macao who have relations with the said islands, but they must never be considered as dependencies.\"\n\nThe territorial waters and the Islands of Lappa, D. João, and Vongcam are again left out of consideration.\n\nThe memorandum from the Portuguese commissioner, which concludes this...\n\n*Not printed. \nPage 267 \n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.] 39899 \n[43216] \n9 DEC 09 \nEsc-June \n[2495 cc-1]", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 423665, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "page_number": 269, "title": "CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909", "content_text": "## Correspondence regarding Portuguese sovereignty over Lappa, D. João, and Vongeam Islands and territorial waters\n\nThe correspondence, is devoted to a repetition of the facts which go to prove the claim of Portuguese sovereignty to the Islands of Lappa, D. João, and Vongeam, and to show that the territorial waters are an integral part of Macao and its dependencies.\n\nOn the 30th October, General Machado informed the Chinese commissioner that he was unable to make any concession beyond the minimum claim which he had already indicated, and the Chinese commissioner, in a memorandum presented on the following day, stated that the maximum which he could concede was recognition of Portuguese rights over the Peninsula, without the harbour or territorial waters, and a grant of servitude without sovereignty over the inhabited parts of Taipa and Colowan.\n\nThe negotiations came to a practical deadlock shortly afterwards. During the progress of these negotiations at Hong Kong, I was in daily communication with the Portuguese chargé d'affaires here, and made verbal representations from time to time to the Wai-wu Pu, with a view to facilitating the work of the delimitation commission. But it was evident throughout that the Chinese Government were not prepared to deal firmly with the agitation which had arisen at Canton or to consider the question impartially in the spirit of the treaty of 1887.\n\nThis impression was confirmed by an interview which I had with the Grand Secretary Na-t'ung on the 27th October. His Excellency scarcely attempted to conceal his belief that the negotiations were unlikely to lead to a successful issue and showed, as his colleagues had done on previous occasions, that he had not studied the question with the care and attention which its international importance deserved.\n\nI endeavoured to convince him that China would do far better to come to a settlement with Portugal, whose claims appeared to me to be reasonable and well-founded, than to have the issue decided by other means which it was open to Portugal to invoke. His Excellency, however, only remarked that China could never consent to cede an inch of territory.\n\nI had no hesitation, therefore, when you enquired in your telegram No. 173, whether the moment had come for proposing arbitration, in replying in the affirmative.\n\nThere is one incident in connection with these negotiations which requires to be mentioned. On the 17th October, the Portuguese consul-general at Canton telegraphed to the chargé d'affaires here that he had received reliable information, the source of which he was not in a position to disclose, to the effect that China was secretly accumulating, through the foreign customs, large quantities of munitions of war at Bocca Tigris in preparation for some eventuality. The Portuguese Government were much exercised by this news, and I was asked to ascertain, through His Majesty's consul-general at Canton, if there was any truth in the report.\n\nMr. Jamieson, to whom I telegraphed on the subject, could obtain no confirmation of the Portuguese consul-general's suspicions, although a man-of-war was specially sent to Bocca Tigris and spent two nights there in making an investigation. Mr. Jamieson thought that his Portuguese colleague's informant was the Portuguese commissioner of Customs at Kongmoon, and added that the preparation might be defensive, and not offensive, as the Chinese believed that the Portuguese garrison at Macao was being increased.\n\nI have, &c.\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n## CHINA RAILWAYS\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nNo. 1. Memorandum by Mr. Whitelaw Reid.\n\n[November 9]\n\n### SECTION 3\n\nNow that there has been signed and ratified by an unpublished Imperial decree an agreement by which American and British interests are to co-operate in the financing and construction of the Chin-Chou-Tsitsihar-Aigun railroad, the Government of the United States is prepared cordially to co-operate with the British Government in diplomatically supporting and facilitating this, so important alike to the progress and the commercial development of China.\n\nThe Government of the United States would be disposed to favour ultimate participation to a proper extent on the part of other interested Powers whose inclusion might be agreeable to China, and which are known to support the principle of equality of commercial opportunity and the maintenance of the integrity of the Chinese Empire.\n\nHowever, before the further elaboration of the actual arrangement, the Government of the United States asks the British Government to give their consideration to the following alternative and more comprehensive projects:\n\n1. Perhaps the most effective way to preserve the undisturbed enjoyment by China of all political rights in Manchuria, and to promote the development of those provinces under a practical application of the policy of the “open door” and equal commercial opportunity, would be to bring the Manchurian highways and the railroad under an economic, and scientific, and impartial administration by some plan vesting in China the ownership of the railroads through funds furnished for that purpose by the interested Powers willing to participate. Such loan should be for a period ample to make it reasonably certain that it could be met within the time fixed, and should be upon such terms as would make it attractive to bankers and investors. The plan should provide that nationals of the participating Powers should supervise the railroad system during the term of the loan, and the Governments concerned should enjoy for such period the usual preferences for their nationals and materials upon an equitable basis inter sese.\n\nThe execution of such a plan would naturally require the co-operation of China, and of Japan, and Russia, the reversionary and the concessionaires respectively of the existing Manchurian railroads, as well as that of Great Britain and the United States, whose special interests rest upon the existing contract relative to the Chin-Chou-Aigun railroad.\n\nThe advantages of such a plan to Japan and to Russia are obvious. Both those Powers desiring in good faith to protect the policy of the \"open door\" and equal opportunity in Manchuria, and wishing to assure to China unimpaired sovereignty, might well be expected to welcome an opportunity to shift the separate duties, responsibilities, and expenses they have undertaken in the protection of their respective commercial and other interests for impartial assumption by the combined Powers, including themselves, in proportion to their interests. The Government of the United States has some reason to hope that such a plan might meet favourable consideration on the part of Russia, and has reason to believe that American financial participation would be forthcoming.\n\n2. Should this suggestion not be found feasible in its entirety, then the desired end would be approximated, if not attained, by Great Britain and the United States diplomatically supporting the Chin-Chou-Aigun arrangement, and inviting interested Powers friendly to the complete commercial neutrality of Manchuria to participate in the financing and construction of that line, and of such additional lines as future commercial development may demand, and at the same time to supply funds for the purchase by China of such of the existing lines as might be offered for inclusion in this system.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-363 - Public Offices & Others - 1909.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 426050, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-367 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [6-7]", "page_number": 419, "title": "CO129-367 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [6-7]", "content_text": "CONFIDENTIAL.\n\nHongkong.\n\nMy Lord,\n\n417\n\nREC\n\nC O\n\n20882\n\nRed 22 AUG 10\n\nGovernment House,\n\nHongkong, 21st July, 1910.\n\nI have the honour to inform Your Lordship that on the 13th instant news reached this Colony that in attempting to effect the capture of some Chinese pirates on the island of Colowan, which is part of the territory concerning the sovereignty of which the Portuguese and Chinese Governments are not agreed, Portuguese troops had come into collision with Chinese troops. I immediately instituted enquiries as to the truth of this rumour and on the following morning received trustworthy information that no such collision had taken place, and that the affair was nothing more than an attempt by the Portuguese Authorities to rescue certain Chinese youths of well-to-do parents who had been kidnapped in China and who were held to ransom by robbers on the island in question, which appears to be a well-known resort of pirates.\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nTHE EARL OF CREWE,\n\n80...\n\n&C.\n\n2.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-367 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [6-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 426338, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-368 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [8-9]", "page_number": 120, "title": "CO129-368 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [8-9]", "content_text": "ON IDENTIAL. Hongkong. 117 20056 RECR Root 9 SEP 10\n\nGovernment House, Hongkong, 6th August, 1910.\n\nMy Lord,\n\n475588 50882\n\nIn continuation of my Confidential Despatch of the 21st ultimo, I have the honour to inform Your Lordship that the operations against the Chinese pirates in Colowan have been terminated by the Portuguese troops with the following results:-\n\nPirates killed and wounded.... 48.\n\nPirates captured...... 25.\n\nPrisoners held to ransom by pirates..... 25.\n\nPrisoners held to ransom by pirates rescued.... 12 (1 died.)\n\nPortuguese troops killed....... 2.\n\ndo. wounded....... 4.\n\ndo. missing....... 1.\n\nThe success of the operations was marred by the occurrence of a typhoon during the period of blockade of the Island, which enabled a number of the pirates to escape by junk while the blockading vessels had to seek shelter.\n\nTHE RIGHT HONOURABLE\n\nTHE EARL OF CREWE,\n\n&C.,\n\nAn\n\nPage 120\n\nPage 121", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-368 - Acting Governor May - 1910 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 427248, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]", "page_number": 333, "title": "CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11]", "content_text": "330\n\n{\n\n71882\n\n28026\n\nreported in my Confidential Despatches of the 21st July and 6th August concerning the difficulties encountered by the Portuguese Authorities in dealing with a large gang of robbers in the island of Colowan are evidence of the numbers of robbers and pirates with which the Authorities have to deal. It is stated on good authority that the number of desperadoes at Colowan was not less than 160 well armed with rifles. Of this number the Portuguese killed or captured only a small proportion. A few more were arrested in this Colony, but the large majority are still at large. It is to be noticed that at Colowan the method was to kidnap Chinese in China and hold them to ransom.\n\nWhether the administration of the Department is responsible for any of the increase is a question that it is not possible to answer without prolonged investigation.\n\nI have the honour to be,\n\nMy Lord,\n\nYour Lordship's most obedient,\n\nhumble servant,\n\nOfficer Administering the Government.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-369 - Acting Governor May Governor Sir Lugard - 1910 [10-11].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 428155, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 80, "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA,\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[217]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n79\n\n2765\n\n[January 8\n\nTRIG 28 JAN 101\n\nSECTION 3.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.~(Received January 3, 1910.)\n\n(No. 464.) Sir,\n\nPeking, December 13, 1909. MY despatch No. 406 of the 5th November foreshadowed the prospect of a deadlock in the negotiations between Portugal and China respecting the delimitation of Macao, and I have now the honour to report the subsequent developments which have issued in this result.\n\nThe Portuguese memorandum of the 21st October, copy of which is enclosed herewith, deals with the question of Lapa, and cites historical evidence to prove that Portugal had effectively occupied portions of the island in early times; that this occupation had been recognised by the Chinese authorities; and that China had never asserted more than a nominal claim to it. The document concluded by stating that Portugal could never think of giving up the rights which she had thus acquired—rights which were indispensable for the safety of Macao—in return for any agreement which could only produce friction, and might endanger the peace of the East.\n\nThe reply of the Chinese commissioner, presented at a meeting of the 30th October, of which a copy is also enclosed, asserted that the three islands of Lapa, Dom João, and Vongcam contained no trace of Portuguese occupation, and must be left out of consideration. He stated, somewhat peremptorily, that if the discussion were made to embrace any territory other than Macao, Taipa, and Colovan, the question could not be settled.\n\nThe last meeting of the commission took place on the 13th November, when the Portuguese delegate submitted an exhaustive statement (copy enclosed*), reviewing the whole course of the negotiations, and laying stress on the moderation of his demands, which showed that he was prepared to agree to a partition of the islands of Lapa, Vongcam, and Dom João. He complained that the Chinese commissioner had ignored every fact and document which served to prove Portuguese occupation of the places in question. The language of the Chinese commissioner, he added, bore an unfortunate resemblance to that employed by the Canton agitators, and was so uncompromising as to preclude all hope of a settlement. In these circumstances he had no resource but to suggest arbitration to his Government, and he hoped that the Chinese delegate would recommend a similar course to the Government at Peking.\n\nThe Chinese commissioner replied that, though personally in favour of arbitration, he could not undertake to recommend it to his Government, and he suggested that negotiations might be resumed at some other place and with different commissioners.\n\nOn the 18th November I received your telegram No. 186 stating that the Portuguese Government had decided to demand arbitration, and instructing me to support the demand. Your subsequent telegram of the 24th November added that the Portuguese Government were about to make a formal proposal of arbitration, but that they wished to have some understanding that the status quo should not be disturbed in the meanwhile, and I was instructed to inform the Chinese Government of this. M. Brederode, with whom I was in daily communication, did not receive his instructions from Lisbon until the 26th November. He was then informed by his Government that, in formally proposing arbitration, he was to demand that the status quo should be clearly defined beforehand and strictly observed, pending the decision of The Hague Tribunal. M. Brederode, after consulting with me, pointed out to his Government the impossibility of insisting beforehand on a clear definition of the status quo. In their reply the Portuguese Government explained that their object in demanding a definition of the status quo was due to the fear that the Viceroy at Canton might provoke collisions in the islands and waters in dispute during the arbitration proceedings. They added that they would waive this demand if I assured them that there was no ground for their apprehension, and that I considered the wording suggested by myself a sufficient guarantee against this.\n\n[2605 c-8]\n\n* Not printed.\n\nril", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 429533, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "page_number": 270, "title": "CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910", "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL,\n\n[27652]\n\n33063\n\nRECO\n\nREGE 28 OCT\n\nNo. 1.\n\n[July 30.]\n\nSECTION 2.\n\nMr. Max Müller to Sir Edward Grey.~(Received July 30.)\n\nPeking, July 30, 1910.\n\n(No. 131.) (Telegraphic.) P. MACAO. The Chinese Government have written to the Portuguese chargé d'affaires, suggesting that as all the kidnapped persons have not been rescued from Colowan Island, and that there are still pirates in the island, measures should be concerted by the Portuguese and Chinese Governments for the capture of the brigands without prejudice to the question of ownership.\n\nOn the other hand, the Portuguese Legation is in receipt of news from Macao to the effect that the pirates have been successfully dispersed. M. de Brederode is referring to his Government for instructions with regard to the Chinese proposal.\n\n[2827 gg-21\n\n269\n\nPage 270\nPage 271\n1", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-373 - Public Offices - 1910.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 431626, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-377 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [5]", "page_number": 201, "title": "CO129-377 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [5]", "content_text": "## 3. The Captain Superintendent of Police attributes this increase in serious crime to \"the spasmodic energy of Chinese Officials in 1910\" which resulted in driving a great number of criminals from China into this Colony and to the raid on the nest of pirates on the island of Colowan which was made by the Macao Government and resulted in the influx of a large number of sea-robbers into the waters of Hongkong. Both these causes have no doubt had a serious influence on the crime returns of this Colony.\n\nThe percentage of convictions to cases reported does not of course afford any indication of the number of arrests made by the Police. Mr. F. J. Badeley pointed out to me that the suppression of the Opium Divans had been a serious obstacle to the Police for the criminal classes were apt to congregate in the lowest class or \"dross divans\", and detectives were thus enabled to arrest many men who were wanted, and who used these divans as a temporary hotel or sleeping house. \n\nIn the absence of Opium Divans the Police have been very energetic in raiding gambling houses, not merely in order to suppress gambling but because among the gamblers there are very many of the criminal classes who can thus be got rid of by deportation. You will observe that the number of convictions for", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-377 - Governor Sir Lugard - 1911 [5].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 441089, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912", "page_number": 425, "title": "CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912", "content_text": "# Enclosure 5 in No. 1\n## Memorandum by Mr. Baddeley\n\n### 3. RETURN of Opium used by the Macao Farmer from July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1912.\n\n| | Chests |\n|-------------|--------|\n| Local consumption of Macao- July 1911 to June 30, 1912 (approximately) | 461 |\n| Export to Mexico of prepared opium- July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1912 (approximately) | 344 |\n| Total | 805 |\n\n**(Confidential.)**\n\nDURING the second half of 1911 an official telegram was sent from Sir Frederick Lugard, Governor of Hong Kong, to Mr. Harcourt stating that Macao's requirements amounted to 120 chests of opium per annum. This telegram is reproduced in the Foreign Office reprints on opium, and can be verified by a reference to such papers (the date was, I think, August or September). It may be presumed that these figures are based on good authority, and are good until rebutted satisfactorily by the Macao Government.\n\n2. Striking confirmation of this was obtained from an independent source. At the beginning of this year the chief clerk in the bankruptcy office, Singapore, a Chinese named Lee Ah Sik, proceeded to Hong Kong and Canton on leave. This man is an old and valued servant of Government, and was my chief clerk for the two years I was in charge of the bankruptcy office (April 1907-March 1909). His brother in Hong Kong is the secret agent of the Monopolies Department, Singapore, and was formerly connected with the Hong Kong farm.\n\nBefore Lee Ah Sik left for China without saying what information I had concerning Macao, I requested him to go to Macao and make certain enquiries, and I gave him certain written questions to answer. In due course he sent me a letter. From enquiries he had made on the spot he informed me that Macao's requirements were ten to twelve chests per month; that large quantities of half-cooked opium were smuggled into the Canton delta; that interested parties had chartered the steam-ship \"Johanne\" to take direct shipments of opium from Singapore to Macao; that there was evidence of any shipments to South America, and that the local selling price of chandu (prepared opium) was considerably above what it was in 1909 (1·80 dollars per tahil in 1909).\n\nAs soon as I received this information I forwarded it on to the Colonial Secretary for the information of his Excellency the governor.\n\nWhen I left Singapore in March 1912, Lee Ah Sik had not returned from leave, so I was unable to question him further.\n\n3. Now, as to the statement by Macao that their monthly consumption in 1909 was thirty-eight chests.\n\nOn p. 323 of the Shanghai Opium Commission report the Portuguese delegates stated:-- \"Taking 100,000 individuals as forming the Chinese population of Macao, Teripu, and Colowan, the number of smokers does not come to 5 per cent. of the number of inhabitants.\" On the same page it is stated that the price of prepared opium at that time (1909) was 1·80 per tahil, and the daily average consumption of opium (i.e., chandu) per smoker is 2 mace daily. (10 hoons = 1 mace or 1 chee; 10 chees = 1 tahil.)\n\nTherefore at the most the number of local smokers was 5,000. Assuming each smoked 2 mace or chees, we get total daily consumption equals 1,000 tahils, or, in a month of thirty days, 30,000 tahils.\n\nOn p. 322 it is stated each ball of opium produced 216 tahils of opium ready for consumption. As there are forty balls in a chest, each chest therefore produces 40 × 21·6 = 864 tahils.\n\nTherefore the monthly local consumption in 1908-9 was `30000/864` = 34 odd chests— according to the Portuguese delegates themselves.\n\nThe above figures are open to serious objection.\n\nIn the first place, I am unable to agree that the daily average of the Macao opium smoker is 2 mace. Anyone who smoked this quantity daily would be regarded as distinctly a heavy smoker.\n\nOn p. 8 of the Shanghai report the United States of America delegates designate a man who smokes 2 mace per day as a \"heavy smoker,\" and they state that only 10 per cent. of the opium smokers in the United States of America smoked that much. Therefore it cannot be correct on the part of the Portuguese delegate to assume that each opium smoker smokes 2 mace or 2 chees per day. Some may, but it can only be a small percentage.\n\nAgain, on p. 322 the Portuguese delegate states a ball of opium produces only 216 tahils of chandu. The experience of the Singapore farmers and of the Monopoly Department is that it produces about 27 tahils. At this rate 30,000 tahils per month represents twenty-seven chests per month for local consumption.\n\nFurther, at the time of the Shanghai Commission, the Portuguese delegate stated that the price of prepared opium was 1·80 dollar per tahil. It is well known that the selling price is now considerably higher. This of itself would still further reduce the monthly requirements, especially when it is considered that the trade of Macao is stagnant and the coolies would not be in a position to stand an increase in price so well as coolies in the Straits, where wages are good and trade brisk.\n\nOn the above grounds it does not appear to me far wrong to state that the local requirements are now not more than twenty chests per month. This, coupled with Sir F. Lugard's statement that ten were sufficient, accounts for the statement that fifteen chests per month is a fair estimate.\n\n4. Now as to their export trade.\n\nAgain, quoting the Portuguese delegate on p. 321 :— \"The exportation of raw opium is exclusively made to Chinese ports and the exportation of prepared opium has been made to California and Australia, \"but the trade with the latter ceased in the year 1905.\"\n\nSince the agreement with China signed in May 1911, none but certificated chests can enter China, and, as all the opium recently bought by Macao direct from Singapore and Calcutta was uncertificated, not a single chest of this latter kind could legitimately enter China.\n\nTherefore there is not now any legitimate export trade in raw uncertificated opium between Macao and China.\n\nThere remains the trade in prepared opium with California.\n\nAt the bottom of p. 20 the United States of America delegate reports (February 1909): \"A few days ago our Congress, in response to the new light thrown on our home opium question, has passed a Bill of which following is a summary: Section 1: After the 1st April, 1909 (N.B.-Shanghai Commission finished its sittings on the 26th February, 1909), it shall be unlawful to import into the United States of America opium in any form, or any preparations or derivatives thereof, except that opium and preparations thereof, other than smoking or opium prepared for smoking, may be imported for medicinal purposes only.\"\n\nAgain, on p. 323 it is stated by Portuguese delegate \"As already stated, the exportation of prepared opium to foreign ports is now made exclusively to California.\"\n\nTherefore, when importation into California was prohibited on the 1st April, 1909, on the showing of the Portuguese delegates themselves, the export trade in prepared opium would cease to exist.\n\nOn p. 322 Portuguese delegates stated: \"The exportation of opium prepared in Macao not possible in consequence of the prepared drug being heavily taxed by the large contribution made by the Syndicate to the Macao Government, and it cannot therefore compete with the native prepared opium.\"\n\nWe therefore get the following result: Raw export trade of uncertificated opium with China ceased; export trade in prepared opium also at an end since prohibition law in United States of America.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-396 - Public Offices - 1912.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 505194, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "page_number": 460, "title": "CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926", "content_text": "Foreign Office,\n\n13 Nov. 1926.\n\nWITH THE COMPLIMENTS\n\nOF THE\n\nUNDER-SECRETARY OF STATE FOR FOREIGN AFFAIRS.\n\nColoman ...\n\n\"... \n\nP.A. Chalfant Esq).\n\n4823/10/10)\n\n456\n\nEuilone Co.\n\nJa... vik\n\nPeking\n\nTeleg name?\n\nW... sq of uhoviya.\n\n428\n\n+\n\n1 2\n\n8-(1460) (15092) 9/26 (4)\n\n1-", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-496 - Public Offices - 1926.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 547854, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-552-8 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese property 2-1-1935 - 1-8-1935", "page_number": 5, "title": "CO129-552-8 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese property 2-1-1935 - 1-8-1935", "content_text": "26/1\n\nThe legal position of the fort of Hong Kong in this matter appears to be unassailable. It is for the Chinese to say whether attention is to be paid to diplomatic protests by the Chinese Government regarding the fort, as proposed by Merkent.\n\n#lowell 21.23/7/35 23-7-35\n\nSi I. Maffey to see after action has been taken.\n\n24 Dh Bolovan 2447 20 F.O.(cope 445) 86 991 49.0 Curs 24 JUL 1935 1.8.35\n\nRefly Enclosing copies of selling dele & refly herch D.L. for sasen.\n\n876 Mrs. 8/8/35 at once\n\n \nPage 5", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-552-8 Kowloon city- expropriation of Chinese property 2-1-1935 - 1-8-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548481, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "II.\n\nNate prepared in the Colonial Office.\n\nThe Japanese have made an offer to the Government of the Portuguese Colony of Macao* for a contract -\n\n(1) to build a waterworks at a cost of $1,500,000;\n\n(2) to purchase the whole site of a new inland port for several million dollars cash;\n\n(3) to establish and operate a line of 2,000 ton cargo steamers to run between Hong Kong, Canton and Timor;\n\n(4) to pay off existing debts of established industries.\n\nIn the opinion of the Macao Government all this would mean prosperity for that Colony, but they are afraid that it would also mean virtual Japanese control of the territory.\n\nMacao, it is claimed, has excellent aerodrome sites and a new harbour which could give a depth of 20 feet after a short period of dredging. Deep water facilities for shipping already exist at Colowan Island, which is a small island near Macao and included in that Portuguese Colony.\n\nFor many years the Macao Electric Light Works has been controlled by a British Managing Director (Mr. Gallion) who has for years past been the chief British resident in that Colony. In January he went to the Consul General at Canton at the urgent request of the Governor.\n\n* Some 40 miles from Hong Kong and 80 from Canton off the mouth of the Canton River.\n\n/25", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548485, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 130, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "Map extracted from Portuguese Handbook of Marco 1922\n\nCHA UAN SAN\n\nEnseada dos Piratas\n\nHEONG - SA N\n\nPassa Lede\n\nChin-San\n\nCasa Branca\n\nAlfandega de Tam-chau\n\nApo-Siac\n\nPac-Sioc\n\nSanti\n\nPac-San\n\nTan ch\n\nILHA OU PATERA\n\nLAPA\n\nCuan San\n\nILHA R\n\nKian-Siac-mi\n\nI. Mong-chau\n\nE\n\nF Velho\n\nS\n\nMass\n\nSai-lio\n\nGranda\n\nMide Lapa\n\nCal-tai\n\nAifandega\n\nAlfandega\n\nAlfandega\n\nI. Verde\n\nMACA AU\n\nPortas de Carco\n\nPorto interior\n\nCattai Alfandega)\n\nPATANE\n\nMong-ha\n\nMacau Siac\n\nPYED Maria\n\nMACAO\n\nINTE ARTIFICIAL PROJECTADO\n\nTai-liu\n\nAlfandega\n\nPedra Areca\n\nBANCO DE MALAU-CHAU..\n\n1. Malau-chau-\n\nSt John\n\nAR\n\nHa dos Lazar\n\n(Bugio)\n\npla D. João\n\nPto Rota\n\n1LHAS\n\nCanal da Taipa\n\nSan chiang\n\nCanai\n\nChisieu-long\n\nPrata da\n\nSeong chin\n\nMania\n\nILHA TALVONG-CAM\n\nPia Morgan\n\nB: Lark\n\n1. Ross\n\n4\n\nLung chrau\n\n1. Inside\n\nI. Double\n\nCANAL PROJECTADO\n\nTAIPA\n\nPt Cabrita\n\nTAIPA\n\n01.Kai-kiog\n\nNove-Ilhas (Kau chau)\n\n1. da Pedra\n\nPraia de Siac-pai-ven\n\nTai-van\n\nBde Caho\n\nILHA\n\nBade Mac-Sa\n\n..så\n\nBa das Lazaras\n\nHadas Lazaras\n\nPta Caha\n\nCOLOWAN DE COLOANE\n\nF de Caloane\n\nOU-DA\n\nSam-ching\n\nBde Hai Moon\n\nPoste Chinez\n\nTANHA\n\nHa ching\n\n1. Ching lung chan\n\nPraia de Choc-van\n\nApomi\n\nPLANTA DE MACAU E TERRITORIOS VISINHOS COM A INDICAÇÃO DO PROJECTO DE OBRAS NA PENINSULA E ILHA DA TAIPA\n\nCONVENÇÕES\n\nOBRAS PROJECTADAS\n\nAN OBRAS REALISADAS\n\nESCALA 1:80,000\n\n22°\n\n22+\n\n34'\n\n36'\n\n38'\n\nPage 130\n\nPage 131", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548488, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 133, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "132\n\nChina would not admit Portugal's title to half the territory claimed.\n\nto agree to this.\n\nPortugal proposed the reference of the dispute to the Hague, but China flatly refused.\n\nSince that date, from time to time, unpleasant incidents have occurred between local Chinese authorities and the Government of Macao directly due to the uncertainty as to what was Chinese and what Portuguese territory.\n\nThe British Government have been interested not only because of our position in Hong Kong but also because Portugal has formed the inconvenient habit of appealing to us for assistance under the Guarantee Clauses of our old Treaties with her for our intervention against Chinese menaces. The obligations in question are contained in certain clauses of a number of treaties between 1373 and 1904. In a Foreign Office note of 1922 it is stated: \"It seemed clear that H.M. Government is under general obligation to defend Portuguese territory and colonies against all enemies of Portugal. Nevertheless, \"while the treaties are admitted to be still in force H.M.Government reserves to themselves the right of judging the circumstances in which help may be given or withheld.\"\n\n\"The present situation would, therefore, seem to be that H.M.Gov. can consent or decline to assist Portugal in any particular case of appeal under the Treaties of Friendship and Commerce, judging each case on its merits.\n\nThe present position is that the Portuguese Colony may be said for practical purposes to consist of the city and peninsula of Macao itself and the two islands immediately to the south of it, Taipa Island and Colowan Island. The area", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548489, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 134, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "133\n\narea of the whole is about 11 square miles, with \n\na population of 157,000. \n\nSt.John's Island. \n\nThe Portuguese also claim \n\nThere has in recent years been a noteworthy \n\ndevelopment of public works at Macao, extensive dredging and reclamations costing $15,000,000 have completed the \n\nnew Port Works and provided 300 acres of reclaimed \n\nland services. \n\nThe breakwaters, 4 miles in length, \n\nenclose the new Harbour, which can be used by vessels \n\ndrawing up to 20-ft. Electric power has been installed \n\nin the islands of Taipa and Colowan. There has been \n\nconsiderable building development and drinking water \n\nhas been brought into the city of Macao by pipeline from \n\nColowan Island. There are regular steamship services \n\nwith Portuguese India, Goa and the African Colonies and \n\nthe potential value of Macao as a distributing centre \n\nfor Portuguese products is being more and more appreciated. \n\nOne of the Colony's principal industries may be classed \n\nunder the heading of entertainment, (horse racing, \n\ngreyhound racing, cinemas and other less reputable \n\nforms of entertainment) which draw large numbers of \n\nvisitors to the colony. There is a motor road from Macao \n\nacross the neck of the peninsula into Chinese territory \n\nwhich is said to be likely to prove of great commercial \n\nvalue. There is a regular steamship service from Macao \n\nto Canton and Hong Kong (Canton 88 miles and Hong Kong \n\n40 miles), and there is telegraphic and wireless communica-\n\ntion with Hong Kong. The Colony maintains a Military \n\nPolice Force, with Portuguese officers, and a Portuguese \n\nArtillery Garrison. \n\na company? Colonial infantry \n\nIn 1928 \n\na Mozambique unit. \n\n21/3/35-", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548499, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 144, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "NOTE.\n\nA 143\n\n22-\n\n*\n\nThe Japanese have made an offer to the Government of the Portuguese Colony of Macao for a contract:\n\n(1) to build a waterworks at a cost of $1,500,000;\n\n(2) to purchase the whole site of a new inland port (for several million dollars cash);\n\n...\n\n(3) to establish and operate a line of 2,000 ton cargo steamers to run between Hong Kong, Canton, and Timor;\n\n(4) to pay off existing debts of established industries.\n\nIn the opinion of the Macao Government, all this would mean prosperity for that Colony, but they are afraid that it would also mean virtual Japanese control of the territory.\n\nMacao, it is claimed, has excellent aerodrome sites and a new harbour which could give a depth of 20 feet after a short period of dredging. Deep water facilities for shipping are available at Colowan Island, which is a small island near Macao and included in that Portuguese Colony.\n\nFor many years, the Macao Electric Light Works has been controlled by a British Managing Director (Mr. Gallion), who has for years past been the chief British resident in that Colony. In January, he went to the Consul General at Canton at the urgent request of the Governor of Macao to give information about the Japanese application. It is supposed that the Governor's idea was \"to give British interests an opportunity to counter Japanese economic penetration in the South China area\".\n\nMr. Gallion...\n\nSome 40 miles from Hong Kong and 80 from Canton off the mouth of the Canton River.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548503, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 148, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "Page 147\n\nDe-recypher\n\nOVPHR TELEGRA from the Governor of Hong Kong to the\n\nSecretary of State for the Colonies.\n\nDated 9th March, 1935.\n\nReceived 8.53 a.m., 9th March.\n\nA.\n\nAddressed to the Secretary of State for the Colonies\n\n110.60 of the 9th of March. Repeated to Peking Mission\n\nNo.29 Canton No.30. Begins.\n\nFollowing from Staff Officer Intelligence to Commander\n\nin Chief. Second petition received by Governor of Macao from\n\nAda 22nd February in which he gives the Japanese Consul\n\nGeneral Hong Kong as guarantor of scheme. Petitioner gives\n\nattractive offer for water works in detail which the\n\nGovernment can repurchase after 15 years. Offer includes\n\npayment of existing debts of established industries and new\n\nline of steamers Hong Kong Canton Timor Portuguese India.\n\nStaff Officer there has visited Macao and had unofficial\n\ndiscussion with Chairman of Municipal Council and other\n\nparties interested. Chairman stated that Macao Government\n\nbelieve Japanese offer would result in prosperity for Macao\n\nbut fear eventually Japan's measures of taking over control\n\nof Colony. Governor of Macao is understood to have reported\n\nto Lisbon that Japanese and British Interests are negotiating\n\nbut no details of latest Japanese offer and is holding up\n\nJapanese negotiations hoping for British offer, but unless\n\nthis matures shortly Governor is reporting to Lisbon recommending\n\nimmediate acceptance which it is thought will be approved.\n\nMacao has excellent aerodrome sites on reclaimed ground and\n\nnew harbour with a depth of twenty feet low is available after\n\nshort period of dredging. Deep water facilities for shipping\n\nexist at Colovan Island.\n\nI consider matter most important and that H.M. Government\n\nshould take any possible step to assist Macao in the matter.\n\nPage 147", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 548517, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "page_number": 162, "title": "CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935", "content_text": "SECRET.\n\nFrom:-\n\nG.O.C., Hong Kong.\n\nTo:-\n\nThe War Office.\n\n2340 cipher 7/2.\n\n10\n\n161\n\nDespd. 1155 8.2.35. Recd. 1430 8.2.35.\n\nFrom G.S.I. personal for D.M.O. & I.\n\nFurther to Japanese desired penetration of Macao it is reliably reported Japanese Consul General Hong Kong has requested interview with Macao Government for Japanese mercantile interests who have commercial proposals in addition to waterworks scheme, which should be presented to Macao Council February 13th; this latter scheme includes catchment area or Colowan Island which has deep water facilities for shipping. Macao has two excellent available aerodrome sites which appear to require little improvement.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-553-5 Japanese activities in Macao and Canton 31-1-1935 - 22-11-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 574415, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-589-3 Sino-Japanese War- attack on medical convoy- Maryknoll Leper Mission 20-5-1941 - 14-8-1943", "page_number": 32, "title": "CO129-589-3 Sino-Japanese War- attack on medical convoy- Maryknoll Leper Mission 20-5-1941 - 14-8-1943", "content_text": "# Map Legend — Hong Kong Waters\n\n## Place Names\n\n| Name | Name | Name |\n|------|------|------|\n| Hok Kungti Fow | Cheung | Atos Shake |\n| Shan | Ok Shan | Sze Chin-Shan |\n| Tow Shan | Chik Kai | Sok Waj |\n| Sun | Aw Ut | Gara Or |\n| Lepea | Aby | Tai Kam |\n| Taumun | Heung San | Chav |\n| Sans Chuk | Rini | Tar Hous |\n| Samada | Kau Lan | Olyjang |\n| Jan Long Shan | Wong | Tai Pa |\n| Coloman | Lantau | Hau Kot Wan (Deep B) |\n| Island | Chilar Chali | Lanya |\n| Lewa Tag | Tolo Channel | |\n\n## Scale\n\n**SCALE 1:56,050** \n3.95 MILES = 15 cm = 20 MILES\n\n## Legend\n\n| Symbol | Description |\n|--------|-------------|\n| → | OUTWARD TRIP |\n| ← | HOMEWARD TRIP |\n| ★ | MACHINE GUNNED & BOARDED BY JAPANESE PATROL |\n| ✦ | FIRED ON & BOARDED BY CHINESE PIRATES |\n| ✧ | FIRED ON & CHASED BY JAPANESE PATROLS |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-589-3 Sino-Japanese War- attack on medical convoy- Maryknoll Leper Mission 20-5-1941 - 14-8-1943.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 575549, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-590-23 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905", "page_number": 191, "title": "CO129-590-23 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905", "content_text": "190\n\nDuring the fighting itself, in the early days they confined their efforts at bombing military objectives. Their marksmanship was excellent. I later had an opportunity of seeing their maps, they were most up-to-date and were drawn to the finest detail. In the latter days, they were not so careful and the planes came down between the streets, machine-gunning the crowds waiting for rice and food.\n\nThe troops were using flame throwers in large numbers. Eye-witness accounts were told to me of numbers of our men who were literally burning from head to foot, enveloped in flames, and a description of the men using the flamethrowers was given to me, showing that the Japanese using this method of killing were dressed in asbestos suits with the mechanical device strapped on to their chests.\n\nPlanes which bombed the Colony came from the direction of Canton, but a large number also came from Sancho Island, which is off Macao. This was later confirmed to me in Macao by residents who watched them. I also had an opportunity whilst in Macao of watching the planes take off and land again on Sancho Island. This island was taken by the Japanese some two years ago, and none of the residents have ever been allowed to leave the island. It is very carefully guarded, as is the strait between that and the next island. They have built a large base there, and nobody actually knows just how large it is nor what it contains. They also shelled Fort Davis from the straits between Sancho Island and Colowan Island, also visible from Macao. Residents told me they watched the cruiser shelling at night; the flashes were plainly visible, and on a moonlight night the cruiser could be seen. The Governor of Macao protested on several occasions regarding planes flying over Macao to Hongkong, but no notice whatever was taken.\n\nIt is also suggested that the Japanese had their guns already in the territories before the fighting actually started. 9.2 guns were used to shell the island, coming from the direction of Sha Tin. 9.2 guns need a cement base, and there was not enough time for the Japanese after they landed to have built these bases. At Sha Tin, there was a Japanese golf course, on which foreigners were not allowed to play and were most unwelcome visitors. In fact, I have never seen a foreigner on the course, although I have passed it many times. It is suggested that these guns were already in place, either behind the bunkers or that the bunkers were camouflage.\n\n## MACAO\n\n4\n\nThe British Consul in Macao has destroyed his cypher books; his only method of communication is now the ordinary code, which can be broken, and which in fact is so old, the Japanese have probably got copies. It is therefore dangerous for any information of vital importance to be communicated to Macao.\n\nThe food situation in Macao is extremely bad. Rice and bread riots had already taken place before I left. There is a large infiltration of Japanese into that port, and they are frequently seen on the streets, dressed in full uniform. 3700 Portuguese refugees had landed in Macao from Hongkong, and the difficulty of feeding them was a serious matter, as Macao was dependent on supplies coming in from Hongkong. Tinned food, with the exception of fruit, was unobtainable.\n\nMy information from Macao was that the Japanese had no intention of trying to take over that port, but their intention was to turn it over to Wang Ching Wei representatives, with a puppet governor.\n\nI am attaching hereto a list of people in Hongkong, whose fate is already known. Most of those people are known to me; a few of them were added by other men who had escaped from the prison camps.\n\n7th April 1942. Delhi.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-23 Situation in Hong Kong 25-4-1905 - 25-4-1905.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]