[ { "id": 334754, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]", "page_number": 36, "title": "CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12]", "content_text": "7\n\n1\n\npeoples, and to discuss in general the requirements of good sanitation which are now recognised as desirable and necessary, and to discuss the relative merits of some of the chief methods employed for obtaining them.\n\n112. Many experienced medical men who have practised in China have recorded the opinion that typhoid fever is almost unknown there. It would appear that some have concluded from this, that the filth and stenches with which the Chinese surround themselves are not only harmless, but even beneficial; that they have discovered the true art of living, and that they should be allowed to do in Hongkong as they do in the City of Kowloon, and elsewhere, in their own country.\n\n113. It will therefore be well to examine the evidence on which these conclusions are based, and to see whether, according to the scanty statistics available, the Chinese are so healthy a race that it would be presumptuous for westerns to interfere with their time-honoured habits.\n\n114. With regard to the absence of certain diseases, with due deference to the experienced men who state this fact, it must be observed that their evidence is not quite complete. On the mainland, no vital statistics are kept, and by far the greater majority die without consulting a European physician. Even in Hongkong, the greater number of deaths are registered by Chinese doctors, who, with very few exceptions (those trained in England), do not distinguish these diseases from others similar in their general characteristics. Other medical men, while admitting the rarity of typhoid fever, assert that malignant fevers, apparently filth fevers, are but too common. Dr. Dudgeon, of Peking, in his paper on the habits of the Chinese, records three severe epidemics of cholera in China between 1820 and 1868, so this form of filth disease is not unknown.\n\n115. Even assuming the absence of certain forms of disease, and a comparative immunity from epidemics, there is no ground for the assertion that the violation of the laws of health is not punished, in China as elsewhere, with a general lowering of vital condition, and not only by intermittent scourges of epidemic disease.\n\n116. It is stated that hitherto Hongkong has escaped the epidemics which have afflicted other places in the neighbourhood. The settlement is but 4 years old, and the subsoil beneath the city may not yet be sufficiently saturated with filth to make it a hotbed for disease and breeding ground of filth poison. It is somewhat premature to assume that this happy immunity will always continue, for the process of saturation is slowly but surely going on, and if unchecked cannot fail to bring forth abundant fruit, in the form of misery and disease.\n\n121. I think that the foregoing facts clearly show that the health of the population is not so good as to make it presumptuous to attempt to reform time-honoured abuses; on the contrary, to my mind they prove that reform is urgently required.\n\nI deem it unnecessary to refer to those parts of Mr. Chadwick's report which refer to the deficient supply of water as I hope all deficiencies in that respect will soon be remedied by the completion of the magnificent Tytam scheme. To illustrate his statements respecting the existing defects of house drains, Mr. Chadwick writes as follows:-\n\n29. The usual type of Chinese house in Hong-kong is essentially different to that in use on the neighbouring mainland. This is due to some extent, no doubt, to European influence and example, but principally to the necessity for economy of space on account of the high price of land and the great cost of preparing level sites for building. This shows that the Chinese are not averse, as commonly supposed, to changing their habits to suit altered conditions.\n\n30. According to immemorial custom, in one respect at least, the street frontage of the house is narrow, being 13 to 16 feet only. The depth back from the street is large, varying from 30 to 60 feet. Even the houses of the wealthy are formed by uniting several of those narrow units by doors or archways in the party walls.\n\n31. If the site be level, the houses are often half back-to-back, no lane or passage being left between them. If the ground be sloping, there will be a lane or gallery at the back, often not more than 5 feet wide, sometimes less, and frequently this lane will be at or near the level of what is the first floor in the street in front.\n\nThen he gives certain instances and he says:-\n\n36. In the house in Kai-ming Lane, like the great majority of dwelling houses, the upper floor is divided off by board partitions into cabins about 9 feet long and 10 feet wide. Each of these forms the dwelling of an individual or family. These cabins do not extend to the full height of the storey. On the contrary, they are but about 7 feet 8 inches high; for in order further to economise space, a platform or floor, locally known as a \"cockloft,\" is constructed above them. The cockloft is almost universal in dwellings of the middle and poorer classes.\n\n37. In this house, in the upper floor only, there were five families including 16 souls. There were here three cabins and a platform extending over them, and over the passage. Hence the total cubic space per head was ... cubic feet, and this includes the whole domestic accommodation, with the exception of the cookhouse, and not sleeping room only, which in the case of the cabins does not exceed 130 cubic feet per head. It must be remembered that the lower floor rarely belongs to the inhabitants of the upper floors. Very frequently each floor is leased separately from the owner, or from his tenant, and sublet again to individual lodgers.\n\nHe then describes a house in Taipingshan Street, giving the number of inhabitants and the cubic space per head, and then he describes some other houses, he says:---\n\n53. Fig. 21, Sheet IV, shows No. 22, Station Street. The number of inhabitants is given in the drawing and the cubic space per head, exclusive of the cookhouse, which is separated from the main building by an alley, spanned by a narrow gangway. It seems almost impossible to conceive how so many inhabitants could be stowed away in so small a space. Indeed, some had come out into the street to do their work, namely picking oakum.\n\n54. Fig. 2, Sheet IV, gives the section of a somewhat less crowded building. In the upper storey, 25 chair coolies lodged, having erected bunks to sleep on. Here the cubic space per head amounts to 400 on the upper floors. The lower storey was occupied by seven artificers, who used it as a workshop and dwelling. It should be noted that the only ventilation for the ground floor cookhouse is a hole 3 feet square in the floor above, so that the whole of the space, nearly 50 feet long, is lighted from one opening only.\n\nIn none of these buildings is there any such thing as a latrine.\n\n55. Fig. 23, 27, Sheet V show the details of a block of buildings in the district of Taipingshan. It will be observed that there are two floors below the level of the ground on the one side. Also that the middle of the block derives its sole light and ventilation from a narrow central alley arched over at both ends.\n\nThe ground or basement floors which open off this alley are chiefly tenanted by sellers of vegetables. They wash their wares in the alley, and, as the central channel is carelessly laid, the whole place is continually damp and offensive.\n\nThe dwellings of these unfortunates are quite dark. The drainage intended by the architect is shown in the section, a square channel running from cookhouse to cookhouse. Some of these dens were untenanted, so it may be supposed that even poor Chinese shrink from inhabiting such holes as these.\n\n57. This block is new and of decidedly superior construction, and on the whole well kept. The drainage, however, was remarkably defective; the drain from the central portion of the block passed down behind the retaining wall forming the back of one of the houses facing Queen's Road, and out under its floor to the main sewer. Being badly made, leaky, and untrapped, a most abominable nuisance ensued. This house was intended as an hotel for Europeans.\n\nNow in the ordinance, the whole of one part and a great many sections relate to drains. The necessity of putting these enactments in, the importance of the matter may be judged from what Mr. Chadwick says about drains. You will find he attaches great importance to them. In paragraph 42, he describes the materials used in the construction of house drains, and then he says:--\n\n43. Of late years, the Government have made the connexion to the main sewer, and constructed the house drain up to the front wall of the house. The remainder of the drain has been left to the uncontrolled intelligence of the Chinese builder. No care whatsoever is taken as to line, gradient, or workmanship. In February last, a new drain was being constructed in the following manner. The drain was square, 1 foot 3 inches wide by 1 foot 3 inches high. The sides were of brick on edge, and did not rest on the tile which formed the sole. Under these circumstances, it need hardly be said that a great proportion of house drains are but elongated cesspools, the greater part of their fluid contents filtering into the subsoil. In one case, a drain was found having no bottom but the natural soil.\n\n44. Instances are to be found, where the outer wall of one property is built so close to that of the adjacent house, as to leave an inaccessible space between them, which serves as an open drain. In one case, the space between two houses was but 8 inches wide, and it received the filth from windows of cookhouses looking into it (Cleverly Street). Something similar was found in Jose Jane opening from Ladder Street. As the arrangement of the houses is characteristic, it is shown in Fig. 44, Sheet X. Here a drain certainly went down into the gulley, but what became of it could not be discovered.\n\n45. The slope from the upper cookhouses is conducted down by a pipe of rough earthenware, coated with plaster. Frequently this is inside the house, in which case it simply delivers its flow on to the floor of the cookhouse below, as in the case of the house shown in Fig. 1-3, Sheet I.\n\nAt other times, it is put outside the house. As the upstairs lodgers have no convenience for getting rid of rubbish, much is stuffed into the down pipe, choking it, causing it to leak, and saturate the walls with the filthy fluid oozing from its imperfect joints. For the same reason, the house drain also is frequently obstructed.\n\n46. Trapping, disconnexion, and ventilation of houses may be said to be unknown. The drain gas has a free channel to the interior of the house, except when the drain is blocked up with filth. Even houses of Europeans may be found, where waterclosets and baths, within the house or in a verandah, are connected to the drains, without ventilation or disconnexion of the soil pipe, and without any proper trap.\n\nIt is not to be wondered after these exposures that we have inserted a good deal about drains. There is another extract about them which I would wish to read to you.\n\n184. I have left the consideration of one of the most important improvements to the last, namely, the redrainage of the houses. This is so universally and ...\n\n33", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-234 - Acting Governor Cameron Governor Des Voeus - 1887 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 338035, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]", "page_number": 430, "title": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]", "content_text": "# Witness Statement\n\nI sat on the same bed with my daughter-in-law and my grandchildren. All four sat on the bed. I saw them striking the roof. I saw my foki beating the drum. I saw the thieves above the opening cutting through with a hoe. They cut through.\n\nI saw my foki shot down and killed. The thieves came down into the house by the door bare. Then they opened the front door. I did not see how many came in by the roof - it was dark. I did not know what went on.\n\nSome came by the door well. I had property in the house, belonging to my daughter-in-law. When the thieves came in, they went up to the kloft and opened the trunks. They took the clothing and put them in mat bags. Each thief had a bag. Some bangles and ornaments were there as well. The thieves had revolvers and knives and paper torches steeped in oil.\n\nI saw bundle \"B\". They belong to my grandson. I saw them left in the truck in the cockloft on my daughter-in-law's side. They were there that night. I saw them steal them. They are doing nothing now.\n\nThe folded up, not tied up handkerchief belongs to my grandchild's wife, Chan... Afei is my grandson... the wife is a teen. I saw the handkerchief that night, it was in the same place as the clothing. I don't know bundle \"C\". When I saw it, it fell on the ground.\n\nChan Juk was shot, he fell. The bed was about the distance off of Your Lordship. I was where Dam was thrown. Chan Tak was about the distance of the table (Bannister). I perceived him shot, I heard \"bang\" \"bang\". I saw him beating the drum. I ran back. When I got to the bed, he was struck down. I saw him then lying on the ground, he was dead.\n\nIt was about 11 pm. We have two clocks.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 338045, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]", "page_number": 440, "title": "CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12]", "content_text": "I was called to identify. Afterwards William Gauld \n\nI am Inspector of Police in charge of Aberdeen Station. I was in charge in October. At 12.15 a report was made to me. It was a report about a murder. I examined the roof. The skylight leads onto the roof. There was a sliding sunshade over the skylight shifted by ropes. \n\nThe 10th was the day the report was made; as a consequence, I went to Little Hongkong. I took an interpreter and two constables. I saw the girl's dead body after entering the house lying below the skylight. It was lying on its face with the arms slightly spread. I examined the body and found a wound in the left temple, a wound in the right eye, and a wound in the breast.\n\nI saw a drum outside the house, not near the door. The skylight is just above the room where the children were. The door is made of upright bars from top to bottom. The centre bar was out. On the step below the door leading into the room, there was a black mark and grains of powder. There was a bed in the courtyard and under the skylight but further back. I went to the cockloft and the bed rooms at the back. I found a number of boxes and drawers broken open. The boxes in the court were knocked over.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-239 - Governor Des Voeus Acting Governor Stewart - 1888 [9-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 354467, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]", "page_number": 201, "title": "CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8]", "content_text": "402\n\nTHE HONGKONG WEEKLY PRESS AND\n\nThere were then under treatment, thirteen cases on the Hygeia, and fourteen at Kennedy town, making a total of 27, as against 41 on the previous day.\n\ndying there after an illness of 24 hours. The symptoms were almost identical with those of the plague, and there is only too much reason to believe that this is the commencement of the disease in the hitherto uninfected eastern district. The agent of the Messageries Maritimes Company issued the following express on Wednesday: To order to avoid sanitary difficulties in further ports the steamer Oceanien, leaving at 2 p.m., will take neither passengers nor cargo.\n\n18th May: The continuation of the rain on Thursday was hailed with great satisfaction, and both plague and water famine, from which we have been suffering, will doubtless in a few days entirely disappear. There is some indication that the plague is already abating and that the conditions favourable to its development having been removed by the rain, the port will soon be declared free from the disease. The total number of deaths reported from noon on Wednesday to noon yesterday was 20, of which 2 occurred on the Hygeia, 9 in Kennedy town Hospital, and 9 in outside districts. There were only 10 new cases yesterday, 3 being admitted to the Hygeia, and 7 to the Kennedy town Hospital. 44 cases are at present under treatment,\n\nThe following circular has been issued by the Sanitary Board for the guidance of all concerned, and has been circulated among the police and sanitary officers:\n\nObservations to be made by officers conducting house to house visitation:\n\n1. See if the patient is feverish. \n2. Look for swellings (buboes) under the arms, on the groin, on the neck, above the elbow. \n3. Observe if the patient has an anxious expression and if he is walking with a tottering gait.\n\nThe rainfall registered to 10 a.m. on Wednesday, for the preceding twenty-four hours, was 0.26 inch, and for the twenty-four hours ending 10 a.m. on Thursday 2.23 inches. There were heavy showers later in the day.\n\nOur Saigon correspondent telegraphs that Hongkong has been declared an infected port and vessels arriving at Saigon are subjected to six days' quarantine.\n\nPRECAUTIONS AT MACAO.\n\nThe following order is published in the Macao Boletim Oficial:\n\nBubonic plague having appeared in epidemic form in the neighbouring ports of Canton and Hongkong and causing a considerable number of deaths amongst the Chinese population of those two cities;\n\nAt the Police Court on Tuesday there were several cases of failure to report the occurrence of the disease, and doubtless a few convictions and fines will make landlords more alive to the vital necessity of bringing the cases to the attention of the authorities without the slightest delay. Ning Kin and Lan Chuk, widows, the occupants respectively of Nos. 72 and 74, Market Street, were charged by Inspector Quincey before Mr. H. E. Wodehouse with neglecting to report the outbreak of plague in their houses. The Inspector stated that he visited the places and found men suffering from the disease, whom he had removed to the Hygeia. The symptoms were very pronounced at the time and there would be no difficulty in identifying the disease. His Worship fined the first defendant $2 or fourteen days' and discharged the second. Lai You Chang, a teacher, for a similar neglect in respect to a case at 10, Wai Tak Lane, was fined $5 or in default 14 days' imprisonment.\n\nThe fire engines on Tuesday were engaged in flushing the sewers and drains of the Taiping-shan district from 6 a.m. to 6 p.m. The water was pumped from the harbour by the floating engine up to the Hollywood Road level and from thence to the China Road. A good quantity of water was used. This operation will be continued to-day.\n\nDepartmental orders have also been issued calling upon the Chinese to keep their houses clean.\n\n19th May. It is regrettable to have to report that the plague has again increased and that both the numbers of deaths, admissions, and cases are larger than those of the previous day. It will be remembered that the returns on Thursday on the face of them showed a gratifying diminution of the disease, and the copious downfall of rain continuing it was confidently and naturally anticipated that this diminution would be even more pronounced yesterday. The official returns, however, up to noon on Friday show that in the twenty-four hours 25 deaths occurred, 7 were from noon on Thursday on board the Hygeia, 9 at Kennedy town Hospital, and 9 outside, as against a mortality of 21 on Thursday. The new cases were 29, viz, 12 on the Hygeia and 17 at Kennedy town, being an increase of 19. The total number of cases under treatment is 56 against 44 at the last report. This increase is not regarded by the authorities in a serious light, and no apprehensions are entertained that the disease is baffling the exertions made to stamp it out. In fact, the medical officers take a hopeful view and feel sure that the worst is now past. The increase is ascribed to the complete organisation which is operating for the detection of cases. On Friday twelve men from the Royal Engineers and twelve from the Shropshire Light Infantry were enrolled as special sanitary officers, which makes the staff numerically strong and adequate to the necessities of the work to be done. The house to house visitation is divided into sections, and it is almost impossible now that cases of plague can pass undiscovered.\n\nThe Manila authorities have prescribed 15 days' observation on all vessels arriving from this port.\n\nAt the Magistracy on Friday a hawker was charged with failing to report a case of plague which occurred in his house on the 17th inst. Defendant pleaded that he could not leave the premises, but Commander W. H. Hastings, before whom the case was heard, imposed a fine of $50 with an alternative of two months' hard labour.\n\n21st May,\n\nHaving received the advice of the Provincial Sanitary Board:\n\nI hereby order:\n\n1. That the supply of water to the public by boats stationed along the Praia Grande and in the inner harbour be continued with the greatest regularity.\n\n2. That the drains be flushed daily, especially in the districts occupied by the Chinese population, and more particularly the districts of Volong, San-kin, Sa-tong, Patane, Mong-ha, and the village of Barra.\n\n3. That the pavement of the slaughter house and its appendages be daily washed with salt water.\n\n4. That on the arrival of any vessel from Canton or Hongkong, including the steamers and launches of the regular lines, an officer of the Sanitary Board shall inspect the passengers, and especially the Chinese passengers, to ascertain if any of them are suffering from the bubonic plague or exhibit suspicious symptoms.\n\n5. That the commandant of the water police shall give the necessary directions in order that lorcha or other boats from Hongkong or Canton may not land any individual suspected to be suffering from the disease; and any case presenting its symptoms shall be detained on board until examined by an officer of the Sanitary Board, who shall be immediately informed.\n\n6. If any passenger be found to be suffering from bubonic plague, whether on board steamers or launches, such passenger shall not be landed; and if any case of the disease be found on a sailing vessel or boat propelled by oars the vessel shall be immediately to be immediately towed out of the harbour, and removed by a copious rainfall we may confidently anticipate the speedy disappearance of the evil result.\n\nGovernment Palace, Macao,\n\n15th May, 1894.\n\nThe Governor of the Province,\n\nJose M. da Horta e Costa.\n\nwork of soaching and disinfecting the localities\n\nfor development it was hoped that in a few days such an appreciable conquest of the disease would be achieved that no further danger need be anticipated. A certain section of the Chinese have now, however, attempted to frustrate all these efforts, and are determined to assert aggressively the ignorance and stupidity which peculiarly belong to the multitude of the natives. It will be remembered that one of the first acts of the permanent committee was to order the removal of all patients from the Tung Wah Hospital to the Hygeia, and the next wise edict was that no patients were to be sent there, but removed direct to the bulk. There was at the time much grumbling and opposition to this course, the patients themselves, with the instinct of their race, objecting, sometimes violently to their removal to the Hygeia and their treatment by Western skill and science. It appears that this feeling of resentment has been simmering and increasing during the past few days, and on Saturday it broke bounds and completely disorganised the work of cleansing, disinfecting, and investigating, which was in progress. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen, a member of the Sanitary Board and also Chairman of the Tung Wah Hospital Committee, has, with an intelligence which unfortunately does not belong to all his countrymen, lost the Government his hearty co-operation in the measures they have taken. Some of his colleagues on the Hospital Committee, however, imbued with anti-foreign feeling, have resisted this policy, and by their influence have created a strong opposition among the native population to the work which the authorities are prosecuting with such vigour.\n\nMay 24, 1894.\n\nCHINA OVERLAND TRADE REPORT.\n\n198\n\n4.3\n\nAnother case occurred yesterday among the Portuguese community, the patient being taken to the Hygeia.\n\nSingapore has imposed nine days' quarantine, including the time occupied by the passage, rioting, the Government having met the Tung Wah Hospital Committee in their demand that there be no further danger of a renewal of the.\n\nMEETING AT THE TUNG WAH HOSPITAL\n\nA largely attended meeting of Chinese was held on Sunday at the Tung Wah Hospital, there being present about seventy members of the leading firms and some four hundred others. The Captain Superintendent of Police and the Colonial Surgeon attended the meeting.\n\nMr. Lau Wai Chuen occupied the chair. He said that many people had preferred a request that persons suffering from the plague should be allowed to be conveyed to Canton, if their relatives so desired, by special launches.\n\nThe Captain Superintendent of Police replied that he was instructed to state that information had that morning been received from Canton that the officials there would not allow persons suffering from the disease to be landed there. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen interpreted Mr. May's reply to the meeting, who received it with strong marks of dissatisfaction. Mr. Lau Wai Chuen, endeavoured to maintain order and said he would personally apply to the Government here and the officials at Canton in relation to the matter. He suggested that they should send a petition to Canton signed by all the leading firms of the colony.\n\nYesterday morning the sanitary officers reported a house supposed to be empty and made the horrible discovery that there were five corpses on the premises and four very serious cases, all exhibiting pronounced symptoms of the plague.\n\nYesterday morning one of the turnkeys in the Victoria Gaol reported himself sick and Dr. Marques, suspecting from the symptoms that the man was suffering from plague, sent him immediately to hospital. A prisoner in the gaol, who had been convicted for not reporting a case of plague, was also removed to the new Chinese Hospital for treatment.\n\nThe arrangements for the burial of victims of the plague do not appear to be quite satisfactory. A good deal of delay takes place before the bodies are interred, separate graves having to be dug in a rather rocky and refractory soil. The squatters on the land contiguous to this cemetery have petitioned the Government on the matter. Evidently a more suitable site ought to be selected.\n\nOn Saturday many of the houses visited were blockaded and the sanitary officers stoned, and in the afternoon all attempts to continue the house to house inspection had to be discontinued, the work being rendered exceedingly unsafe and difficult. A mob also collected at the Po Leung Kuk office and broke the windows, but was dispersed by the police before doing further damage. On Sunday, while a meeting at the Tung Wah Hospital was in progress, Mr. Lau was hurriedly sent for, news arriving that his hong was being wrecked. When Mr. Lau left the building he was surrounded by a howling mob of Chinese and had to be escorted by police to his residence. Mr. P. R. May, Captain Superintendent of Police, grasped the situation at once and sent a mounted contingent of armed Sikhs to the district, the presence of which fortunately prevented further disturbances.\n\nThe Government have so far met the Chinese opposition as to assent to the establishment of a temporary hospital under the management of the Tung Wah at the Glassworks, Kennedy town, to which all patients will be removed and where they will be treated by native practitioners, and the use of the Hygeia for the reception of plague patients will be discontinued.\n\nOn Sunday the house to house inspection was recommenced, the officers being protected by a strong police guard.\n\nSome cases have been reported on the mainland and proclamations have been issued prohibiting the immigration of Chinamen from Hongkong. At Haiphong several persons have fallen victims to the disease.\n\nThis suggestion was unanimously agreed to. The Captain Superintendent of Police said that rumours were current that people not suffering from the disease had been taken to the Hygeia and the Kennedy town Hospital, people who were not sick at all, but this could be at once disproved if any of those present would go with him to examine the patients, when it would be seen they were all sick people suffering from the plague. If those attacked were not segregated it would be impossible to prevent the spread of the disease, and he referred to the visitation of the plague in England two hundred years ago and the great mortality it caused. He suggested to the Chairman that he should advise the people that they should avoid overcrowding in their dwellings, and then the number of persons attacked by the disease would decrease.\n\nCONFERENCE AT GOVERNMENT HOUSE.\n\nAn important conference was held yesterday at Government House for the purpose of discussing the new turn events have taken and considering the course of action to be adopted in the immediate future. His Excellency Sir William Robinson presided, and there were also present H.E. Major-General Barker, Hon. J. H. Stewart Lockhart (Acting Colonial Secretary), Hon. N. G. Mitchell-Innes (Colonial Treasurer), Hon. Ho Kai, Dr. P. B. C. Ayres (Colonial Surgeon), Mr. F. H. May (Captain Superintendent of Police), Mr. J. J. R. Crook, Dr. James, Francis Q.C., Mr. J. A. M. S., Dr. Lan Wai Chuen. The meeting lasted for some time. The first business was the consideration of representations by the permanent committee of the Sanitary Board as to the inadequacy of the number of sanitary officers.\n\nApplication was made for the enrolling of 400 assistants for the work of cleansing and disinfecting.\n\nAt this stage of the proceedings a petition was presented from the residents in East Street complaining of the treatment they had received at the hands of the sanitary officers, entering their houses unexpectedly and frightening the children. The petitioners asked that attention should be given to this matter.\n\nAt this time news arrived that a mob was attacking Mr. Lau Wai Chuen's establishment in Bonham Strand, the Tung San Wo, and\n\nOn Sunday night everything was quiet and it was hoped there would be no renewal of the disturbances.\n\nThe decrease in the number of cases reported for the twenty-four hours up to noon on Sunday is, it is to be feared, due to interruption of the inspection rather than to any actual diminution of the disease.\n\nA notice was subsequently issued by the Committee of the Tung Wah Hospital stating that the Government has consented to allow all patients suffering from plague to be treated by the doctors of the Tung Wah Hospital. The notice also informs the people that they need not be alarmed by the visits of the sanitary officers, as any one found to be suffering from plague will now be removed to the Tung Wah's branch hospital instead of being taken to the Hygeia.\n\nAt the Police Court on Saturday there were some more cases of failure to report outbreaks of plague. Wong Chan, a married woman, was so charged. P.S. Moffat said that he visited the house of the defendant No. 64, First Street, at 11 a.m. on the 18th. In the first room visited he found a man lying dead, and another man (the husband of the defendant) was very ill in the same apartment. In another room in the Cookhouse he discovered a woman very ill lying under a bed, and in the cockloft a girl was seriously ill. All, both the dead and the living, had the symptoms of bubonic plague. Defendant pleaded that she was a very poor woman, and was fined $5, which she paid. Chan Chol, a shopkeeper at No. 6, Hung Lane, off Queen's Road West, was also charged with concealing a case. P.S. Smith said that he went into the premises and found a man suffering from plague. There were a number of persons present, who ran away on his arrival. A like fine was imposed.\n\nWe have heard of a somewhat curious case in connection with the plague. A few days ago a coolie was charged with cutting and wounding a companion and the hearing of the charge was remanded for a week by the sitting Magistrate, bail of $250 being allowed and procured. The following day the unlucky coolie was seized with the disease and died on board the Hygeia.\n\nThe Spanish Consul received the following official telegram despatch from Manila at 9:53 a.m. on Saturday: \"Hongkong has been declared an infected port, and vessels from thence are subject to fifteen days' quarantine.\"\n\nInformation has also been received that a proclamation will be issued to-day addressed to the Chinese explaining the objects of the preventative measures now being prosecuted and calling upon them to co-operate therein and assist the Government.\n\nMr. May stated at the meeting yesterday that he and his assistants had been welcomed and not obstructed in the different houses visited.\n\nThe following are the returns for the twenty-four hours to noon yesterday:\n\nHygeia, Kennedy town Hospital, City, Total, Decrease.\n\nAdmissions: 2, 3, 0, 5, \nDeaths: 3, 2, 0, 5, \nUnder treatment: 26, 20, 17, 63, 28\n\nThe Government, we understand, is fully prepared to support the permanent committee of the Sanitary Board to the utmost. There is a suspicion that jealousy between different sections of the Chinese is at the bottom of the recent disturbances and ill-feeling.\n\nTHE DISTURBANCES-POLICE COURT PROCEEDINGS.\n\nMr. H. E. Wodehouse was yesterday morning engaged at the Police Court in hearing several cases arising out of the disturbances in Chinatown reported in yesterday's issue.\n\nYesterday Yea Kay, a hawker, was charged with behaving in a disorderly manner in Po Yan Street.\n\nPage 403\n\n...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-263 - Acting Governor Barker Governor Sir Robinson - 1894 [5-8].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 357033, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-266 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [1-3]", "page_number": 564, "title": "CO129-266 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [1-3]", "content_text": "## Transcript of Proceedings\n\nMr. Leigh valued each of the five houses of Mr. Palmer at $1,200, although he said they might today be built for much less, making $6,000. The land he valued at $14,000, it containing 2,910 square feet, which would make the value of the square foot $4.86. But, he said, let us say $4 a foot for this claim and add $100 for old material. The area is 580 square feet, which at $4 a foot would be $2,320 and, adding in the $100 for old matter, would make a total of $2,420. Now if the owner puts in about $900 more, for that money he could build another four-storey house and would have a good income-bearing investment.\n\nHis Lordship - Just what do you mean by undeveloped and over-developed property?\n\nMr. Leigh - I call property undeveloped which in its present condition is not earning a fair return on the investment but which by judicious expenditure of a reasonable amount of money could be put in condition to earn a proper return on the investment; and, on the other hand, I consider a property over-developed when it has more bricks and mortar and finishings on it than can be made to yield a reasonable return. The $900 estimate I have made in this case is what I should consider fair and sufficient outlay for the purposes intended.\n\nThe second house of this claim, the larger one, I value at $1,300. It is in good condition and is 17 feet wide. It is lighted on three sides and has a shop on the ground floor and the upper portion is used for dwelling purposes. The house is exceptionally well built and is, I should say, twenty-odd years old. The rent, as returned by the assessor, was for 1892 $35 and for 1893 $30 per month; there was no return made for the smaller house. The Assessor assessed the rentals for the three years at $340, $320, and $300. I have averaged the rent at $31.66 a month, which gives for the year $373.92. Deducting for repairs, Crown rent, taxes, and fire insurance, and capitalising at 7 per cent. for 14 years, although really it ought to be 14.28 years, we should arrive at a value for the house of $4,300. I make no deduction for depreciation by the wear of the house during the years of the capitalisation, for that is allowed for in the value given to the property today. And that is just where the value of a surveyor's services comes in. Almost anyone can value a new house, but a house that is in good condition makes no difference whether it is old or new. Some people, in fact, much prefer a house that is well dried out and has stood the test of a few years' trial. If a house is in good condition and is properly cared for it will last the fourteen years of the compensation and probably even much longer. Adding then the 10 per cent. for compulsory sale gives $1,730, which, added to the $2,420, makes $7,392, including the 10 per cent. The house is in a thoroughly sanitary condition.\n\nIn making the valuation of 57, Square Street, I follow the same method and make the same deductions as I have in the other ordinary cases and as has been followed in the colony for years. In some houses it would make no difference whether there were mezzanine floors or not, where one person takes a whole floor, for he then subdivides it to suit the conveniences of his family; it only affects houses used for coolie lodgings, and in those it will be very difficult to prevent overcrowding, for they will put in cubicles and other devices. No Chinaman will sleep on the floor, not even under the new Ordinance. I do not allow in these estimates for concreting the floors. The property now belongs to the Government and it will have to provide for this.\n\nChan Kwai, landlord of the property, was then called as witness and said - I was offered verbally by Mr. Palmer $2,600 for the one piece, but did not agree to sell as I had fitted it up to use for my business. I bought it five years ago and paid $2,200 for it with the house on it. The same year I also bought the corner house and paid $3,130 for it.\n\nHon. F. A. Cooper, Director of Public Works, was then called as a witness and stated that he had examined the property 57, Square Street, and he found that the rentals returned for 1893-1894 amounted to $300 and that the rentals for the big house for three years were respectively $340, $320, and $300, and the little house $140 for each year; therefore, calling the large house $300 and the small one $140, the total rent would be $440 per annum; deducting $90 for the sundry items embraced in the Crown rent and so forth would leave a net rental of $350, which, at twelve years' purchase, would amount to $4,200, from which should be deducted $400 that it would be necessary to expend on the property to put it in a sanitary condition.\n\nAt this point a general discussion arose between the members of the Board and the representatives of the Government as to whether the Government had not represented the very worst side of some of these tenements, the Board saying that at the first session the Government had brought in witnesses concerning the worst rookeries in the colony and these they hardly thought fair average illustrations of the coolie lodging houses. The special cases to which the Board referred were three witnesses introduced by the Government at the first session, who testified that one, a coolie, who lived at 44, Market Street, had one of these places to sleep in and paid only 25 cents a month. He said he earned 150 cash a day, when work was good, but other days only 30 or 40 cash. A coolie woman also appeared and said that she and her husband had a cockloft where they lived and paid 10 cents a month for the two. Another coolie, who was more of a capitalist, deposed that he had a room for himself and wife and two children on the ground floor for which he paid one dollar a month.\n\nMr. Cooper then said that the Government could produce any kind of specimens the Board might care to see, but that these were fair representatives of that class among which the plague had been most destructive and who were the tenants of these cheap overcrowded places and were those it was most necessary to guard against as they were the most apt to introduce and spread contagion. He then continued his description of the property and said that No. 57, Square Street, had three storeys, which by mezzanines had been converted into six, and No. 65 had two storeys that had been made into four by the same process. The cubic capacity of No. 57 was 31,000 cubic feet, which at 3 cents a cubic foot for construction would make $930, but he estimated its present value at $498. The cubic capacity of No. 65 was 15,700 feet and would cost to construct $471 and its present value he estimated to be $282. He thought the depreciation of No. 57 was fully 25 per cent. and that of No. 65 at least 40 per cent. He estimated the value of the ground of No. 57 at $2 per square foot and of No. 65 at $1.80.\n\nHe then entered upon a long statement of the value of property all around this property as found from sales and other entries in the public records, showing that property in that vicinity varied from $1 to over $5. He considered these houses were a bad case of overcrowding, there being 46,700 cubic feet, which, less one-third for walls, flooring, and other parts of building, furnishing and personal effects, left 31,000 cubic feet of air, which divided by 400, the amount specified in the new Ordinance, gives accommodation for 30 persons, which at $4 per head per year would return $524 gross, less 13 per cent. for taxes $41.80, collection expenses at 5 per cent. $26, fire insurance 1 per cent. on $140 $14, and 3 per cent. for repairs, making $120, leaving net income of $200, which would make at a twelve years' valuation $2,400, but there were really other deductions that should be made, reducing it to $2,340. There are cubicles and short doors that do not comply with the law and must be taken into account, which will cost something and will necessarily reduce the rentals. The floors also have to be covered with concrete. It would cost $400 to $500 to repair the houses as they now stand. He said that his valuation had been made recently and that doubtless the houses had depreciated considerably through standing open and vacant since the plague. These houses, he also said, were supposed to be part of that block in which no cases of plague were reported.\n\nThis terminated the proceedings of the day and the Court adjourned until today (Monday).", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-266 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [1-3].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 357879, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]", "page_number": 44, "title": "CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11]", "content_text": "## SCHEDULE C - Continued\n\n| No. of Health District | Total Notices served | Removed | Allowed to Co-exist | Cubicles or Cocklofts Not yet Removed | Awaiting Decision |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| No. 1 District | 21 | | | | |\n| No. 2 District | 28 | | | | |\n| No. 3 District | 4 | 13 | | | |\n| No. 4 District | 24 | 24 | | | |\n| No. 5 District | 3 | 14 | | | |\n| No. 6 District | | 9 | | | |\n| No. 7 District | 1 | | | | |\n| No. 8 District | 24 | 26 | | | |\n| Brothels in various Districts | 16 | 25 | 4 | 3 | 3 |\n| Grand Total | 126 | 126 | | | |\n| | 10 | 7 | | | |\n| | 21 | 12 | | | |\n\nJune 7th, 1895.\n\n## SUMMARY\n\n| | Total Notices served | Removed | Allowed to Co-exist | Cubicles or Cocklofts Not yet Removed | Awaiting Decision |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| | 108 | 6 | 114 | | |\n| | 354 | 14 | | 14 | |\n| | 50 | 17 | 67 | | |\n| | 230 | 76 | 208 | 22 | |\n| | 178 | 200 | | | |\n| | 419 | 76 | 194 | 79 | |\n| | 84 | 53 | 17 | 70 | |\n| | 975 | 372 | | | |\n| Grand Total | 1,705 | | | | |\n\nW. EDWARD CROW, Assistant Sanitary Superintendent.\n\n## MEZZANINE FLOORS AND CUBICLES Ordinance 15 of 1894, s. 7.\n\n## NOTICE\n\nTo the Occupier of No. ...\n\nYour attention is directed to the provisions of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and you are hereby informed that unless the cockloft or cubicles are removed from the floor you occupy within ... days from the date hereof, a prosecution will be instituted against you.\n\nHONGKONG, 189...\n\nInspector.\n\n## ORDINANCE 15 of 1894, Section 7\n\n“It shall not be lawful to construct, put up, continue or maintain in any room of any domestic building now or hereafter erected or in course of erection any mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft where such room is partitioned or divided off into separate compartments without the permission in writing of the Sanitary Board.\"\n\n## Schedule D\n\nSetting forth the situation of the basement rooms in illegal occupation as dwellings, and on the occupiers, &c., of which notices have been served in the attached form.\n\n| No. of Health District | Name of Street | Numbers of the Houses | Total Number of Basements |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 2 | Wanchai Road | 77A, 79A | 3 |\n| | Ship Street | 32, 40 | 5 |\n| 3 | Pedder's Hill | | 1 |\n| | Mosque Junction, Kai Un Lane | | 10 |\n| | Hollywood Road | 43, 45 | 6 |\n| | Cochrane Street | East end of lane | 1 |\n| | Gage Street | 28, 27, 29, 81 | 4 |\n| | Staunton Street | 23, 29, 31 | 5 |\n| | Wellington Street | 9 | 1 |\n| | Pottinger Street | 9, 13, 15, 17 | 6 |\n| | Stanley Street | 84 | 2 |\n| | Bridges Street | 158, 0, 0, 51, 59, 61, 21, 23 | 10 |\n| | Ping On Lane | 27, 29, 91, 93, 99, 101 | 10 |\n| | Hollywood Road | 10, 12, 14, 16 | 6 |\n| | Gough Street | 9, 11, 13 | 1 |\n| | Staunton Street | 47 | 10 |\n| | Queen's Road Central | 1, 3, 5, 7 | 2 |\n| | Queen's Road West | 41-55, 63, 95-121, 125-137 | 5 |\n| | | 31, 35, 37, 39 | 6 |\n| | | 33, 35, 37 | 2 |\n| | | 335 | 10 |\n| | | 68, 91, 97, 209 | 6 |\n\nTotal No. of basements, ... 93\n\nW. Eoward Crow, Assistant Sanitary Superintendent.\n\nJune 6th, 1895.\n\nV. \nPraya Central, Queen's Road Central, Square Street, Staunton Street, Sin ling Lane, Tai Ping Shan Street, Upper Lascar Row, Wing Lok Street, Wellington Street, Wing Kut Street, Wing Shing Street, Yee On Lane, Yo Yam Lane.\n\nVI. \nQueen's Road Central, Queen's Road West.\n\nVII. \n\nVIII. \nBrothels.\n\nNotices served by Inspector LEE. \nHollywood Road, West Street, Praya West, Tsz Mi Alley, Heng Lane, Pound Lane, Upper Station Street, East Street, Fat Hing Street, Possession Street, New Street, Po Yan Street, New Eastern Street, Wa Lan, Ah Chung Lane, Tai Ping Shan, Second Street, First Street, Third Street, High Street, Un Shing Lane, Lau Yee Lane, New Western Street, Ng Fuk Lane, Wai On Lane, Tak Sing Lane, Centre Street, Queen's Road West, Praya West, Queen's Road West, Tung Wo East Street, Tang Wo West Street, I Yik Lane, No. 6 Lane, Holland Street, Third Street, West Street, Upper Station Street, Lower Lascar Row, Possession Street, Wa Lam Street, Hollywood Road, East Street, Square Street, Ladder Street, Kwai Wa Lane, Stanley Street, Cochrane Street, Peel Street.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-268 - Governor Sir Robinson - 1895 [7-11].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 358631, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]", "page_number": 37, "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]", "content_text": "## Appendix B\n\n### CASES OF BUBONIC PLAGUE REPORTED DURING 1895\n\n1066\n\n| Date of Case | No. of Case | Health District | Residence of Patient previous to Discovery, Treatment or Segregation | Name | Age | Date and Hour of Admission into Tung Wa Hospital | Date and Hour of Admission into Kennedy Town Hospital | Date & Hour of Death |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| 20th | 39 | | 2, Pound Lane | Lai Tai | | 28th April, 8 p.m. | | 29th April, 5 p.m. 29th 8.40 p.m. |\n| 6th May | | | 4, Wing Lok Street | Sam Shü Wai | | 28th April, urd 8 | | 2nd May, 7.15 a.m. 6th, 11.20 p.m. |\n| | 71 | | 91, Praya Central | Lau Yam | 20th | Unknown | 20th | 12th |\n| | | | 27, Stone Nullah Lane | | | 29th April, 4.30 p.m. | | |\n| | | | 79, Queen's Road West | Jam Su | 13 | 6th May, 3 p.m. | | |\n| 6th May | | | | Wong Kiu | | 9th | 6th May, 12.80 p.m. | 14th June, 1 p.m. |\n| 14th June | | | 9, Holland Street | | ta | 14th, | 14th, | 15th |\n| | | | Matshed above Holland Street | Doy | | 14th, | | |\n| | | | 10, Heung Lane | Wong Tsun Ho | 17 | 14th June, 11 a.m. | | 15th, 9 a.m. |\n| | 6 | | | Tsoi Mak Wan | | 14th | 0.30 a.m. | 15th |\n| | | | | | | | 6.15 p.m. | |\n| | | | | Chan Tsak | 28 | 14th | 11 p.m. | 15th, 1.30 a.m. |\n| 14th June | 48 | | Do. | Li I | 10 | 15th | | 15th, 7 a.m. |\n| | | | | Choi Sing | 的爱 | 15th | 8.01 | 15th, 8.45 a.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 15th,, 7: 8.55 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 3: 1.35 p.m. |\n| 15th | | | | Kwong Sun | 20 | 15th | 8 a.m. | 15th, 1 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 19th, 4.30 a.m. |\n| | 17 | | Do. | Choi Kan | 19 | 15th | 11 a.m. | 15th, 1 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 16th, 7 p.m. |\n| | 12 | | Do. | | B | 15th | | 16th, 4.05 p.m. |\n| | 13 | | 12, Heung Lane | Lo Shin | 46 | 16th | 5.30 p.m. | 17th, 12.30 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 18th, 11.40 p.m. |\n| 16th | 19 | | 10, Heung Lane | Clan Cau | 21 | 17th | 10 p.m. | 18th, 10.35 a.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 19th, 2.50 p.m. |\n| | 14 | | Do. | List | | 18th | 7 p.m. | |\n| | | | | | | | 8.35 a.m. | |\n| | 71 | | | Ho Yaw | 16 | 18th | 3.35 p.m. | 20th |\n| | 10 | | Do. | 少爷 | 16 | 20th | | |\n| | 17 | | | | | | | 24th, 6 a.m. |\n| | 6 | | 335, Queen's Road West | Kan A-Ping | 63 | 24th June, 8 a.m. | | 30th, 1 a.m. |\n| | 1 | | 30, Eastern Street | Cheng Yi | AT | 24th | | 30th, 10.10 a.m. |\n| | 32 | | Kowloon, West | | | | | 17, 10.50 a.m. |\n| | | | 8, MacDonnel Road | Ty A-Yuk | 12 | | | |\n| | | | | | Ground | | | |\n| | 31 | | 69, Queen's Road West | Wong Si Li | 18 | 24th July, 2 a.m. | | 8th Aug., 9.45 p.m. |\n| | | | 27. Tsung San Loue, West | Female | | | | |\n| | | | Tsung Sau Lane, West | Sing Kwoon Hing | 21st | 7.30 .BI. | | 5: |\n| | | | From Canton Steamer | Male | | | | |\n| | | | 28, Bridges Street | Lam Bu | 4, Possession Street | 24th | 6.80 p.m. | 25th, 4 p.m. |\n| | 44 | | 12, Heung Lane | Lam Kan | 71 | 24th | 9 p.m. | 26th, 7th Sept. |\n| | | | | Ho Sam | | 16th, | 4 p.m. | $}.lll. |\n| | | | | | | | | 16th, 7th Sept., 6.30 p.m. 8,35 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 24th July, 19.15 a.m. 9th Aug., 12.35 p.m. 21st, 8.20 a.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 8.30 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 2.30 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 4.10 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 4 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 1st July, 3.30 a.m. During the night of 18-19 July. 24th July, 12.20 p.m. 10th Aug, 2.30 a.m. 25th |\n| | | | | | | | | 25th, 4.50 a m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 7.50 a.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 5.30 p.m. |\n| | | | | | | | | 8th Sept., 9.30 p.m. 16th |\n| | | | | | | | | 21st |\n| | | | | | | | | 26th, 9.05 p.m. |\n\n(a) Transferred from S.S. Belgic. Came down from Canton the day previous and passed the night in 4, Wing Lok Street. \n(b) Had been segregated since the 15th of June. \n(c) Had been segregated since the 17th of June. \n(d) Found by one of the night search party on board the S.S. Fatshan on her arrival from Canton. \n(e) Found dead on board the S.S. Nanchang at 6 4.3, on the 19th July. Walked on board from No. 8, MacDonnel Road, Kowloon, the previous evening.\n\n**W. EDWARD CROW** \nAssistant Secretary and Superintendent. \n21st June, 1895.\n\n## Appendix C\n\n### SANITARY BOARD\n\n#### HONGKONG\n\n35\n\n**insanitary dwellings Ordinance, 1894.** In the matter of The closed houses and ...\n\nTo the Owner and Occupier of the ...\n\nNotice is hereby given to you on behalf of the Sanitary Board that ... cocklofts or mezzanine floors and ... cubicles are being continued or maintained in the above domestic building in contravention of Ordinance 15 of 1894, and that if such continuance or maintenance exists on and after the ... day of ... 189..., prosecution will be instituted.\n\nBy order of the Sanitary Board, \n**Secretary.**\n\n#### Extract from Ordinance 15 of 1894\n\nSection 7.--\"It shall not be lawful to construct, put up, continue or maintain in any room of any domestic building ... any mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft where such room is partitioned or divided off into separate compartments unless the whole of such compartments are provided with light and ventilation to the satisfaction of the Sanitary Board.\"\n\nSection 8. Sub-section (b).\" Where any room of any domestic building is divided into separate compartments by partitions, it shall not be lawful to put up, continue or maintain partition walls of a greater height than 7 feet, or to leave a space between the top of the partitions and the ceiling or underside of the joists, of less than 4 feet, or to allow such space to be closed except in such manner and with such material as may be prescribed by the Sanitary Board.\"\n\nN.B.-The words \"domestic building\" include-\"any human habitation or building where persons (other than a caretaker) pass the night.\" (Section 2.) \nThe window is required to have a total area, clear of the window frame, of at least one-tenth of the floor area of the room.\n\nFor the purposes of this section every sub-division of a domestic building unless it has one window at least, as hereinbefore specified opening directly into the external air, shall be considered a compartment.\n\nSection 13, Bye-law No. 7.-The space required by section 8, sub-section (b), of Ordinance 15 of 1894, to be left above partitions shall not be enclosed except with wire netting, iron bars, lattice work or curved wood work, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n## Appendix D\n\n### GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 378\n\n#### Dwellings Ordinance No. 15 of 1894, (29th December, 1894)\n\n1. No permission will be granted under the provisions of sub-section 1 of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894 for the erection or continuance of mezzanine floors, stories or cocklofts in rooms partitioned or divided off into separate compartments unless the following conditions are complied with:-\n\n(a) The premises are constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition. \n(b) ... Such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft is situated on the top or ground floor of premises.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 358632, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]", "page_number": 38, "title": "CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12]", "content_text": "## Appendix E\n\nSchedule setting forth the situation of the basements illegally occupied on the 1st of April and on the owners, etc, of which notices have been served and compliance with the law enforced.\n\n| Name of Street | Nos. of the Houses | Total No. of Basements |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Wanchai Road | 36 | 1 |\n| Ship Street | 9 | |\n| | 77A, 70A, 82, 40, 52 | |\n| Hon Fang Lane | 2, 5, 7 | Q |\n| Queen's Road East | 10 | |\n| | 62, 217 | |\n| Wing Fung Street | 10, 12, 14, 10, 18, 20, 20, 24 | 3 |\n| Pedder's Hill | 1,0 | |\n| Mosque Junction | 43, 45 | 5 |\n| Kai Un Lane | East end of Lane | 4 |\n| Stanley Street | 9, 11, 18, 47 | |\n| Pottinger Street, Cochrane Street | 10, 12, 14, 16 | |\n\n(e) In the case of top floors such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft does not extend over more than one-half of the floor area of the room, and has a clear space above it of not less than eight feet and below it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. When the roof has no ceiling or tie the measurement shall be made from the level of the floor up to half the vertical height of the rafters over such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft.\n\n(d) In the case of mezzanine floors, stories or cocklofts on ground floors that do not comply with the conditions specified in the preceding paragraph, no permission will be granted for their continuance except for storage purposes only, and provided that the space so encroached on by such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not be included in the calculation of the cubic capacity of the room available for habitation.\n\n2. It should be noted that, under the provisions of sub-section b of section 8 and Bye-law 7 under section 13 of this Ordinance, the partition walls of every separate compartment must not be of a greater height than 8 feet, and must leave a space between the top of the partitions and the ceiling or underside of the joists of not less than 4 feet, and that such space must not be closed except with wire netting, iron bars, lattice work, or carved wood work arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\nBy Command,\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 30th August, 1895.\n**J. H. STEWART LOCKHART**, \nColonial Secretary.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.-No. 407\n\nNo. of District\n\nThe following is published.\n\nBy Command,\n**J. H. STEWART LOCKHART**, Colonial Secretary.\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 27th September, 1895.\n\n| Name of Street | Nos. of the Houses |\n| --- | --- |\n| Wellington Street, Staunton Street, Hollywood Road | 35, 29, 31 |\n| Gage Street | 15, 156, 15n, 21, 23, 27, 29, 51, 50, 61, 91 |\n| | 03, 09, 101 |\n| Queen's Road Central, Lyndhurst Terrace, Wing Wah Lane | 9, 13, 15, 17 |\n| | 1, 93, 27, 29, 31 |\n| | 9 |\n| | 82, 84 |\n| Hollywood Road | 20, 19 |\n| Ping On Lane, Gough Street | |\n| Bridges Street, Staunton Street, Tauk Lane, Square Street, Circular Pathway | 41, 48, 45, 47, 49, 51, 53, 55, 63, 93, 95, 97 |\n| Shing Wong Street, Wellington Street, Kan U Tong South | 90, 101, 108, 105, 107, 100, 111, 113, 115 |\n| | 117, 119, 121, 126, 127, 100, 131, 133, 135, 137, 140, 142, 146, 148, 100, 162, 164, 166, 168 |\n| | 1, (), 2, 5 |\n| | 23, 25, 91, 35, 36, 37, 39 |\n| | 1, 3, 5, 7, 66A |\n| | 33, 35, 37 |\n| | 28, 38, 40, 41, 43, 44, 46, 48 |\n| | 2, 3, 12, 13, 15, 17, 18, 24, 42, () |\n| | 4, 5 |\n| | 196 |\n| | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 |\n| | 160, 162, 164, 303, 305, 307, 309, 311, 313 |\n| Queen's Road Central | 30 |\n| | 134 |\n| | 315, 319, 321, 323, 326, 327, 320, 331, 333 |\n| Chung Wo Lane | 21, 22 |\n| Wa In Fong East | 9 |\n| Lower Ladder Street Terrace | 4 |\n| Upper Lascar Row | 1, 3, 5, 34 |\n| Lower Lascar Row | 2, 4, 6, 17, 19, 21, 28, 25 |\n| Tan Kwai Lane | 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 |\n| Tsui Ou Lane | 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8 |\n| Queen's Road Central | 6 |\n| | 335, 341, 343, 345, 349, 301, 358, 365, 357 |\n| | 359, 301 |\n| Queen's Road West | 29 |\n| | 65, 68, 91, 97, 101, 125, 131, 133, 167, 209 |\n| | 227 |\n| | 1 |\n| | 127 |\n| Total No. of Basements | 219 |\n\n## SANITARY BOARD NOTIFICATION\n\n**MEZZANINE FLOORS, STORIES, OR COCKLOFTS**\n\nIN\n\nBuildings erected AFTER the passing of Ordinance 16 of 1894, (29th December, 1894).\n\n1. Under the provisions of sub-section 2 of section 7 of Ordinance 15 of 1894, it is unlawful to construct, put up, continue or maintain in any room of any domestic building erected after the 29th of December, 1894, any mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft whatsoever, except where such room is situated on the ground floor and is used as a shop or workshop, in which case the written permission of the Sanitary Board must be first obtained and any conditions imposed in such permission must be complied with.\n\n2. Notice is hereby given that such permission will not be granted unless the following conditions are complied with:-\n\n(a) The building shall be constructed and maintained in a satisfactory sanitary condition.\n(b) The mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room and shall have a clear space below it of not less than eight feet measured vertically, provided that this space is sufficient to prevent the obstruction of any doorway situated in an external wall.\n\n(c) The space both above and below such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall be used for storage purposes only and shall not be enclosed except with wire netting, bamboo lattice or carved wood-work arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds of such space open and as far as practicable evenly distributed, and the space encroached on by such mezzanine floor, storey or cockloft shall not be included in the calculation of the cubic capacity of the room available for habitation.\n\nBy order of the Sanitary Board,\nHongkong, 27th September, 1895.\n**Huon MCCALLUM**, \nSecretary.\n\n21st October, 1895.\n**W. EDWARD CROW**, \nAssistant Secretary and Superintendent.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-269 - Governor Sir Robinson & Public Offices - 1895 [12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373870, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 600, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "(b.) In domestic buildings fronting streets of a width of 15 feet or over, no cubicles or partitions other than \"ping fung\" (i.e., shop divisions) shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, on the ground floor, and in the case of every such \"ping fung\" there must be a space between the top thereof and the ceiling or under side of the joists of the room of not less than four feet, which may be closed in only by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(c.) No cubicles or partitions shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(d.) Where one cubicle only is hereafter erected or already exists in any room of a domestic building, no portion of the structure of such cubicle shall exceed eight feet in height; where two cubicles only are so erected or exist, no portion of the structure of either of such cubicles shall exceed seven feet in height; where more than two cubicles are so erected or exist, no portion of the structure of any such cubicles shall exceed six feet in height. In all cases, however, there must be a space between the top of every portion of the structure of such cubicles and the ceiling or under side of the joists of the room of not less than four feet, which may be closed only by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(e) No cubicles whatever shall be erected in any room of a domestic building, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, unless such room is provided with a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames of at least one-tenth of the floor area.\n\n(f.) No portion of the structure of any cubicle except the necessary corner posts shall be nearer than two inches to the floor of such cubicle, and no structure shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, within any cubicle, which is of a greater height than the maximum height allowed by this section for any portion of the structure of such cubicle or which provides a cover or roof to the cubicle.\n\n(g.) No partition shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, nearer than four feet to any window the area of which is included in calculating the window area specified in sub-section (e).\n\nMezzanine floors and cocklofts.\n\n(h.) No cubicle used for sleeping purposes shall have a less floor area than sixty-four square feet, and a less length or width than seven feet.\n\nFor the purposes of this section every sub-division of a domestic building, unless such sub-division has a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames equal to one-tenth of the floor area of such sub-division, shall be deemed to be a cubicle.\n\n5.-(a.) It shall not be lawful to erect, or if already existing to allow to remain, in any room of any domestic building, any mezzanine floor or cockloft whatsoever, except under such regulations as may be made by the Sanitary Board with the consent of the Governor-in-Council and published in the Government Gazette, and the Sanitary Board with the consent of the Governor-in-Council shall have full power to vary, alter and repeal any such regulations, and to substitute new regulations therefor.\n\n(b) Every intermediate floor, platform, or landing of a greater length than six feet and of a greater breadth than two feet, which has not a clear space of at least nine feet, measured vertically, both above and below it, and which is not separately provided with a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames of at least one-tenth of the floor area, shall be deemed to be a mezzanine floor or cockloft.\n\n6.--No building erected on land acquired from the Crown after the passing of this Ordinance shall exceed in height one and a half times the width of the street upon which such building fronts.\n\nThe width of any street shall be measured from the building lines, as defined by the Director of Public Works, on either side of the street and at right angles to such line or lines.\n\nNo such building shall exceed seventy-six feet in height without the permission of the Sanitary Board: Provided that in any special case in which, in the opinion of such Board, a departure from this rule will not be detrimental to the public health, the Board may in writing authorize such departure.\n\nThe height of any such building shall be determined by measuring on the line of the main walls (both back and front) from the level of the street on which the principal front of such building abuts the full vertical height allowed by the provisions of this section and by drawing from the points thus ascertained lines at an angle of thirty degrees with the horizontal, and any part of such building (except any chimney or party-wall) falling outside such lines shall be deemed illegal.\n\nIn the event of the street on which the principal front of any such building abuts not being level throughout the extent of such building, or in the event of any such building having two or more principal fronts respectively abutting on streets which are dissimilar in width or level, the Sanitary Board shall determine from what point or points the full vertical height, as specified in the foregoing clause, shall be measured.\n\n7.-(a.) Every existing domestic building must be provided with an open space in the rear, by opening out on each floor one-half of the entire space intervening between the principal room or rooms and the main wall at the back of such building as well as the corresponding portion of roof, unless such building is already provided with an open and unobstructed backyard of at least fifty square feet in area, and must be provided on every floor with a window of at least ten square feet superficial area opening into such open space. The area of such window shall not be included in calculating the window area required by sub-section (a) of section 8 of Ordinance 15 of 1884.\n\n(b.) For the purposes of this section any domestic buildings (other than corner houses) having two main frontages in different streets shall be regarded as two domestic buildings if the entire depth from frontage to frontage exceeds fifty feet.\n\n(c) The Sanitary Board with the consent of the Governor-in-Council shall have power, in special cases, to modify the foregoing requirements of this section where such modification may appear necessary.\n\n(d.) In no case may any obstructions whatever be placed or erected in these open spaces, with the exception of a bridge or covered way on each storey not exceeding three feet six inches in width when such bridges are necessary as a means of access to any part of the domestic building.\n\n8.(a.) Every domestic building hereafter erected in this Colony, (except in cases provided for by section 66 of the Public Health Ordinance, 1887, or coming within the terms of Articles of Agreement under the Praya Reclamation Ordinance, 1889) shall be provided with an open space in the rear in accordance with the following scale:--\n\nHouses not exceeding 40 feet in depth, for each foot of width ... 8 square feet.\n\nHouses exceeding 40 feet but not exceeding 50 feet in depth, for each foot of width ... 10 square feet.\n\nHouses exceeding 50 feet but not exceeding 60 feet in depth, for each foot of width ... 12 square feet.\n\nHouses exceeding 60 feet in depth, for each foot of width ... 14 square feet.\n\nIn no case may any obstructions whatever be placed or erected in these open spaces, with the exception of a bridge or covered way on each storey not exceeding three feet six inches in width when such bridges are necessary as a means of access to any part of the domestic building and ...\n\nPage 601", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 373871, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "page_number": 601, "title": "CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12]", "content_text": "(\n\nMaintenance\n\nand lighting of private back streets.\n\nPrivate\n\nlanes.\n\nmust be provided on every floor with a window of at least ten square feet superficial area opening into such open space. The area of such window shall not be included in calculating the window area required by sub-section (a) of section 8 of Ordinance 15 of 1804:\n\n0 feet wide.\n\nProvided always that when the owners of a block of buildings agree to make and do make a lane opening at both ends upon a public thoroughfare and free from obstruction throughout both vertically and horizontally, the foregoing requirements shall be modified as follows:-- Houses not exceeding 40 feet in depth: a\n\nlane not less than Houses exceeding 40 feet but not exceeding\n\n50 feet in depth: a lane not less than... 8 feet wide. Houses exceeding 50 feet but not exceeding 60 feet in depth: a lane not less than..... Houses exceeding 60 feet in depth: a lane\n\nnot less than ......\n\n13 feet wide.\n\nAnd must be provided on every floor with a window of at least ten square feet superficial area opening into such open space.\n\nThe area of such window shall not be included in calculating the window area required by sub-section (a) of section 8 of Ordinance 15 of 1894.\n\n(5.) In computing the depth of a domestic building for the purposes of this section the depth of the kitchen shall be included in the computation of such depth in every case except when such kitchen is separated from the principal room or rooms of such building by an open backyard of at least six feet in depth extending the entire width of the back of such building and unobstructed except by a bridge on each floor not more than three feet six inches wide.\n\n9. Every street on private land, in the rear of domestic buildings, shall be and shall be kept concreted, channelled, drained, and may if the Director of Public Works thinks fit be provided with lighting apparatus by the Government, at the expense of the owners of the land abutting on such street, and the several owners of such land shall bear the cost of such concreting, channelling, draining and providing of such apparatus in proportion to the width of their respective land at the place where it abuts on such street, and the Government may recover such proportionate cost, together with interest thereon at the rate of eight per cent. per annum from the date of demand for payment of such proportionate cost made by the Director of Public Works from any such owner, by a suit in the name of the Director of Public Works in the Summary Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The cost of the illumination of such street shall, however, be borne by the Government.\n\nAll household refuse shall be regularly removed by the Government from every such street.\n\n10. Every street on private land, upon which domestic streets and buildings front shall, if it does not fall within the provisions of the immediately preceding section of this Ordinance, be and be kept surfaced, channelled, drained, and may if the Director of Public Works thinks fit be provided with lighting apparatus by the Government, at the expense of the owners of the land abutting on such street, and the several owners of such land shall bear the cost of such surfacing, channelling, draining, and providing of lighting apparatus, in proportion to the width of their respective land at the place where it abuts on such street, and the Government may recover such proportionate cost, together with interest thereon at the rate of eight per cent. per annum from the date of demand for payment of such proportionate cost made by the Director of Public Works, from any such owner by a suit in the name of the Director of Public Works in the Summary Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court. The cost of the illumination of such street shall, however, be borne by the Government.\n\nTime within\n\nations, &c. are to be made.\n\n11.-(a.) In the case of any alterations to existing buildings being required for the purpose of complying with the provisions of section 7 of this Ordinance, a period of six months from the date of the coming into force of this Ordinance shall be allowed to the owner or owners of such buildings within which to make such alterations, and, in the event of any of such alterations not being made and completed within the said period of six months, such owner, or if there be more than one such owner, every such owner shall be liable upon summary conviction before a Magistrate to a fine of not exceeding ten dollars for each and every term of twenty-four hours beyond the said period of six months, during which any of the provisions of the said section 7 shall remain uncomplied with either wholly or in part.\n\n(b.) In the case of any alterations to or removal of any cubicles or partitions being required for the purpose of complying with any of the provisions of this Ordinance, a period of three months from the date of the coming into force of this Ordinance shall be allowed to the owner or owners of the building in which such cubicles or partitions are situated to make such alterations or removal as aforesaid, and, in the event of any of such alterations or of any such removal not being made and completed within the said period of three months, such owner, or, if there be more than one such owner, every such owner shall be liable upon summary conviction before a Magistrate to a fine of not exceeding five dollars for each and every term of twenty-four hours beyond the said period of three months during which any of the provisions of this Ordinance with regard to any alteration to or removal of any cubicles or partitions shall remain uncomplied with either wholly or in part.\n\n(c.) If upon the expiration of the respective periods of six or three months allowed under sub-sections (a) and (b) of this section, the alterations or removal referred to in such sub-sections have or has not been made and completed as directed in such sub-sections, then, in addition to the penalties that may be incurred by the owners under such sub-sections, it shall be lawful for a Magistrate in his absolute discretion to order the whole or any portion of any building or of any room containing a cubicle or partition to be forthwith closed by or under the direction of the Captain Superintendent of Police and to remain closed until the alterations or removal required by this Ordinance have or has been certified in writing by the Sanitary Board to have been made and completed to the satisfaction of the said Board. Any person found living in any building or room or portion thereof so closed as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have committed an offence against this Ordinance and shall be punishable accordingly.\n\n12. It shall be lawful for a Magistrate in any case in which it is proved to his satisfaction that any mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition or \"ping fang\" is not in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance to order, either in addition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction by any officer of the Sanitary Board of any such mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition or \"ping fang\", or any portion thereof, and no compensation whatever shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done to such mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition or \"ping fang\" by such demolition, removal, and destruction.\n\n13. Every act, failure, neglect, or omission whereby any requirement or provision of this Ordinance is contravened, and every refusal to comply with any of the requirements or provisions of this Ordinance, shall be deemed an offence against this Ordinance, and any owner of any premises, in connection with which omission, or refusal as aforesaid has occurred, shall be deemed to have committed an offence against this Ordinance and shall be punishable accordingly.\n\nThe secretary or manager for the time being of any company or corporation may be summoned and shall be held liable for any offence committed by such company or corporation against this Ordinance.\n\n14. Every person and the secretary or manager for the time being of any company or corporation committing an offence against this Ordinance in respect of which no penalty is otherwise provided by this Ordinance shall be liable, upon summary conviction, to pay a fine not exceeding fifty dollars and in default of payment thereof to imprisonment with or without hard labour for a term not exceeding one month, and in any case where in the opinion of the Magistrate the offence is likely to be continued, the Magistrate may require such person, secretary, or manager to comply with this Ordinance within such time\n\n598", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-294 - Governor Sir Blake - 1899 [10-12].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 380666, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]", "page_number": 195, "title": "CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7]", "content_text": "## Statement of increase in clerical labour\n\n| Subject | 1899 | 1900 (1st January to 4th May) | Remarks |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Miscellaneous letters | 361 | 1,468 | |\n| Government letters | | 714 | |\n| Legal notices | 167 | about 2,000 | |\n| In duplicate | 191 | 71 | |\n| Cockloft permits | 116 | 4,144 (2,056) | | \n189", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-305 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [5-7].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381490, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 202, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\n67. The Board shall have the control and management of all latrines erected under the provisions of this Ordinance, or protected thereby, and any bye-laws relating to public latrines, for the time being in force, shall apply to all Government public latrines including any which may be erected under the provisions of this Ordinance.\n\n68. Nothing in this Ordinance contained referring to public latrines shall, in any way, be deemed to derogate from any existing rights or powers of the Government,\n\nWindows, Cubicles, and Mezzanine floors.\n\n69. Every person erecting a new building shall provide every habitable room therein with one window, at least, opening directly into the external air, and he shall cause the total area of such window or windows, clear of the window frame, to be at least one-tenth of the floor area of every such room.\n\n70. The following requirements shall be observed with regard to cubicles and partitions:—\n\n(a) In domestic buildings fronting streets of a width of less than fifteen feet, no cubicles or partitions shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, except on the top floor.\n\n(b) In domestic buildings fronting streets of a width of fifteen feet or over, no cubicles or partitions other than \"ping fung\" (i.e., shop divisions) shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, on the ground floor, and in the case of every such \"ping fung\" there must be a space between the top thereof and the ceiling or under side of the joists of the room of not less than four feet, which may be closed in only by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(c) No cubicles or partitions shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(d) Where one cubicle only is hereafter erected or already exists in any room of a domestic building, no portion of the structure of such cubicle shall exceed eight feet in height; where two cubicles only are so erected or exist, no portion of the structure of either of such cubicles shall exceed seven feet in height; where more than two cubicles are so erected or exist, no portion of the structure of any such cubicles shall exceed six feet in height. In all cases, however, there must be a space between the top of every portion of the structure of such cubicles and the ceiling or under side of the joists of the room of not less than four feet, which may be closed only by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(e) No cubicles whatever shall be erected in any room of a domestic building, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, unless such room is provided with a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames of at least one-tenth of the floor area.\n\n(f) No portion of the structure of any cubicle except the necessary corner posts shall be nearer than two inches to the floor of such cubicle, and no structure shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, within any cubicle, which is of a greater height than the maximum height allowed by this section for any portion of the structure of such cubicle or which provides a cover or roof to the cubicle.\n\n(g) No partition shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, nearer than four feet to any window the area of which is included in calculating the window area specified in sub-section (e).\n\n(h) No cubicle used for sleeping purposes shall have a less floor area than sixty-four square feet, and a less length or width than seven feet.\n\nFor the purposes of this section every sub-division of a domestic building, unless such sub-division has a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames equal to one-tenth of the floor area of such sub-division, shall be deemed to be a cubicle.\n\n71.—(a) It shall not be lawful to erect, or if already existing to allow to remain, in any room in any domestic building, any mezzanine floor or cockloft whatsoever, except in accordance with the bye-laws relating thereto contained in Schedule B.\n\n(b) The Board may, with the consent of the Governor in Council, at any time, alter, amend, or revoke any of such bye-laws.\n\nPage 200", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381491, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 203, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health,\n\nbye-laws and make new bye-laws in lieu thereof. Such altered, amended, or new bye-laws shall not take effect until they have been published in the Gazette,\n\n(e.) Every intermediate floor, platform, or landing of a greater length than six feet and of a greater breadth than two feet, which has not a clear space of at least nine feet, measured vertically, both above and below it, and which is not separately provided with a window or windows opening directly into the external air and having a total area clear of the window frames of at least one-tenth of the floor area, shall be deemed to be a mezzanine floor or cockloft.\n\nConcreting of Ground Surfaces.\n\n72. It shall not be lawful for any person, except caretakers not exceeding two in number, to live in or occupy, or to suffer or permit any other person, except such caretakers, to live in or occupy any domestic building unless-\n\n(a.) The ground surface of such building and of every cook house, latrine, or open surface connected therewith, such as back yards, court yards, or other spaces on which slops may be thrown or from which foul waters flow, shall have been properly covered over with a layer of some impervious material to the satisfaction of the Board, or\n\n(b) The Board shall have granted permission in writing to occupy any such domestic building.\n\nProvided always that this section shall not apply to any domestic building, cook house, latrine, privy or back yard which has been paved to the satisfaction of the Board in accordance with any existing law or bye-law and which is so maintained.\n\n73. Where the ground surface of any domestic building, or of any cook house, latrine, or open surface connected therewith, such as back yards, court yards, or other spaces on which slops may be thrown or from which foul waters flow, is or has been paved or covered over with impervious material to the satisfaction of the Board, and such material has been subsequently broken, excavated or otherwise disturbed, the landlord or owner shall make good the same to the satisfaction of the Board upon the completion of any work for the execution of which the same has been broken or otherwise disturbed, or within seven days from the receipt by him of written notice from the Board so to do, and in default thereof he shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding twenty-five dollars for each offence and to a further penalty not exceeding ten dollars for each day after such conviction during which such offence continues.\n\n74. The floor of every area and of every basement story shall be properly asphalted, or covered over with a layer of good lime or cement concrete at least six inches thick, and shall be finished off smooth with not less than two inches of cement concrete or of such other material as the Board may by any bye-law prescribe. The floor of every such area shall have a fall, from the external wall of such building towards the face of the sill-side, of at least half an inch to the foot.\n\nOvercrowding.\n\n75. Every domestic building and any part thereof found to be inhabited in excess of a proportion of one adult for every thirty square feet of habitable floor space or superficial area and four hundred cubic feet of clear and unobstructed internal air space shall be deemed to be in an overcrowded condition.\n\n76.—(1) It shall not be lawful for any householder or tenant to let or sub-let or allow to be used for occupation any domestic building or any part thereof in or by so large a number of persons as to cause the same to be in an overcrowded condition.\n\n(2.) The householder or tenant (together with his family, if any,) if resident in any such domestic building, shall be counted in ascertaining whether such building or any part thereof is in an overcrowded condition.\n\n(3) Where any domestic building, or any part thereof is ascertained to be in an overcrowded condition between the hours of 11 p.m. at night and 5 a.m. on the following morning, such overcrowding shall be deemed to be prima facie evidence that such building or part thereof was let or sub-let in contravention of this section.\n\n77.—(1.) If any tenement-house, or other domestic building, or portion thereof, shall be found to be in an overcrowded condition, the Board shall, by a written notice, require the tenant of the same, or any portion thereof, and also, if necessary, the householder, to abate such overcrowding, within a period of one week; such notice shall specify the cubic capacity available for habitation in such tenement-house, or other domestic building, and the number of persons which may be legally accommodated therein. If the said notice be not obeyed, it shall be lawful for the Board to apply to a Magistrate, who, on sufficient cause shown, shall summon before him the tenant or occupier of such dwelling-house, or such householder.\n\n(2) If the person summoned admits, or if it be proved to the satisfaction of the said Magistrate that the said house is overcrowded, the Magistrate shall make an order for the abatement of the nuisance forthwith, and inflict a penalty not exceeding twenty-five dollars.”", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381493, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 205, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "anding whe\n\nthought avoid the cons\n\n[Now. It was\n\nto\n\nاور بہے سے\n\ncach particular case.]\n\n(Ord. 24 of 188) s. 76\n\nReimburse- ment of ex- pouses lo the Board.\n\nوانا ان کی\n\nOrmanli\n\no fuoring\n\nFo\n\nSpecial author\n\nJosutic po o\n\nརི་བ་པའི་ཅ་\n\nby Cars]\n\nI Note in aces\n\nORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\nHerovery of expenses by the Board.\n\n87. All reasonable expenses incurred by the Board in consequence of any default in complying with any order or notice issuel under the provisions of this Ordinance shall be deemed to be money paid for the use and at the reqnise- meur of the person on whom the said order or notice was neide, and shall be recoverable from the said person in the to the Board duly authorized/onlinry course of law at the suit of the secretary The\n\nthe Board\n\nby\n\nThed. s. 7)\n\n(New J\n\nDed. 34 of 18995, 13 (fristo hamyoph)\n\nRecovery of expenses,\n\nContraven- tions.\n\nĈ PVC: fecond paragraph\n\nincluded in sec. 70%\n\n34.48975.14.\n\nthat inform\n\nin default on flack.\n\nPenalty for contraven-\n\ntion where no other penalty specially provided.\n\nFée below 5.5% subration 2\n\n\"And+3404 1885 1/3\n\nLiability of secretary or manager of company.\n\n6 of 1900 fation 3 Recovery of\n\npenalties.\n\n16mpor 3421858. 14\n\nprovisions of this section shall apply to any orders cr norices issued by the Board or by any duly appointed com- mittee of the Bourd, under any bye-laws in foren for the time being.\n\n88. The provisions of the Crown Remedies Ordinace, 1875, and of any Ovlinance amending the same, shall apply -to the recovery of all such expenses, and the certificate re- quired by that Ordinance shall be signed by the secretary,\n\nContraventions and Penalties.\n\n89. Every act, failure, neglect, or omission whereby any requirement or provision of this Ordinance(or of any be law, for the time being in forno thereunder) is contravened, and every refusal to comply with any of such requirements or provisions shall be deemed contravention-of this Osli-\n\nthen offence in Jom]\n\nnauce\n\n90. Any person who shall contravene any of the requireneurs of this Ordinance, or of any hye-law for the time being in force thereunder, in respect of which no peu- alty is specially provided, shall be liable to a penalty not exceeding fifty dollars, and in any case where, in the opi- Bion of the Magistrate, the contravention is likely to be continued, the Magistrate may require such person to comply with this Ordinance, or with any bye-law in foret thereunder, within such time as he may direct and way inflict a further penalty not exceeding five dollars for every day after such date, during which such person shall fail so to comply.\n\nWhere sucli contravention is committed by any company or corporation, the secretary or manager thereof, for the time being, may be summoned and shall be held liable for\n\nsuch contravention.\n\n91.-(1) Alt penalties imposed by this Ordinates or by any byelaws thereunder inay be recovered in a som mary manner before a Magistrate at the suit of the medi- cal officer of health, or of the secretary, or of such other officer as the Board may depute.\n\n(2.) Such Magistrate may order that, in default of pay ment of any penalty imposed by him under this Ordinance, the person so in default shall be imprisoned with or without hard labour for a period not exceeding that provided by\n\nand Connection\n\nEXA\n\nотметил\n\n吧\n\nKuran ay\n\nsuch\n\n*4..\n\nrefrensal the...\n\nwith which\n\nmybeet, omission,\n\noccured\n\ncombled\n\nOrdin\n\ncamer\n\nand\n\nthat\n\nbe\n\nLead angunan, 15\n\nand failure, aforesaid\n\nЕто воск Cl\n\nbath accorda\n\nстрани сва\n\ncsom\n\nexpiration\n\nsutulios\n\nOudy\n\nLeonoter\n\nomnite & I\n\nd Etal-\n\nMore Blonden\n\nChi\n\nfor Free aungsion\n\nand 116) of Ordinances 34 of 1899 Cams errheind. by afslereien of time)\n\nORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health,\n\nthe scale contained in section fifty-seven of the Magis- trates Ordinance, 1890.\n\n203\n\n92. Where proceedings under this Ordinance are com- Provvating Od. 24 Y APP) DAS petent against several persons in respect of the joint act or against default of such persons, it shall bo sathcient to proceed several against one or more of them without proceeding against persons, Nhe others.\n\nSperial powers of Magistrate,\n\n93. It shall be lawful for a Magistrate in his absolute Closure of discretion to order the whole or any portion of any building, premises, or of any room containing a cubicle or purtition, to be forth- with closed by ot under the direction of the Captain Super- intendent of Police and to remain closed until the ulterations or removal required by scntious 56 and 70 of this Ordinance have or has been certified in writing by the Board to have been made and completed to the satisfaction of the said Board. Any person found living in any building or portion thereof so closed as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have nered in-contravention of this Ordinance and shall be punishable accordingly.\n\nconwithal them\n\n94. It shall be lawful for a Magistrate in any ease in Power to which it is proved to his satisfaction that any mezzanine order re- floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition or \"ping fung\" is not moval of in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance to structures.\n\nillegal order, either in ablition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction by any offeer of the Board of any such mezzanine #oor, cockloft, cubiclo, partition or \"ping fung\", or any portion thereof, and no compensation what- ever shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done to such mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubiclé, partition or \"ping ïùng” by such demolition, removal, amal destruction.\n\nCertificates.\n\n95. Certificates and written permissions of the Board Certificates, under this Ordinance or any bye-law may be given under &c,\n\nthe hand of the secretary or such other officer as the Board may appoint in that behalf. Such certificates and permits shall for all purposes be prímá fazie evidence of the mat- ters therein stated.\n\nApplication of Ordinance,\n\n. l. 34 of finge 5. // (9)\n\nItrid. 5. 12.\n\nOod. 13\n\n5./5~\n\nهم في كل من\n\nand\n\n(adopted\n\nde genial}\n\nPotato Katt\n\n96. This Ordinace shall not apply to any part of the Application New Territories except to New Kowloon unless aut nutil of this Ordi. 18995. 3. the Governor shall, by order in council notified in the ance. Gazette, otherwise direct.\n\nApplicatiy\n\n97. The provisions of sections 55, 56, 70, 71, 80, 85, of certain ~56, 93 and 94 eball not apply to the Hill District.\n\nsections,\n\nfi 34 of 1855 $. ()\n\nand And. 200 100%\n\nAnd 10", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381495, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 207, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "Reenactment of By-Laws\n\nmode\n\nunder Ordinance\n\n15 of 1854\n\ndim 13.\n\nRunactinent of\n\nBy\n\nCanon\n\nmode\n\nundra Ordinanc\n\n24 418879.13.\n\nORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\nBASEMENTS.\n\n1. The conditions under which alone it shall be lawful to live in, occupy, or use, or to let or sublet, or to suffer or permit to be used for habitation any cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room, any side of which abuts on or against the earth or soil, shall be that (1) such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room fronts on a street which is of a clear width of not less than eight feet free from any vertical obstruction whatever, and (2) that such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room is provided with one window at least opening into the external air and that the total area of such window or windows clear of window frames shall be at least one-tenth of the floor area of such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room, and (3) that no side of such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room abuts against the earth or soil to an average height exceeding four feet above the floor level, and (4) that throughout the remainder of the height of such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room the ground outside is at least four feet distant horizontally from the external wall of such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room, and (5) that the area formed between such ground outside and such external wall is not obstructed or covered over either wholly or partially by the erection of structures, coverings or fixtures of any kind whatsoever; Provided always that the Board may, if it thinks fit, grant permission in writing to obstruct or cover such area in any manner which may be previously approved by the Board.\n\n2. The conditions under which alone it shall be lawful to occupy or use, or to let or sublet, or to suffer or permit to be used for occupation as a shop any cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room any side of which abuts on or against the earth or soil shall be that such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room complies with the provisions of the preceding bye-law, or that such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room fronts on a street of a clear width of not less than eight feet free from any vertical obstruction whatever, and that such cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room does not exceed thirty feet in length, as measured from the front wall to the back wall.\n\nSuch shop may not be used for habitation except by such a person or by such number of persons as the Board may authorize in writing, and in every case in which the Board authorizes any person or persons to use for habitation any such shop, sleeping accommodation shall be provided by the erection of a cockloft or bunks, which shall have a clear space of at least four feet between it or them and such side or sides of the cellar, vault, underground room, basement or room as abuts or abut against the earth or soil.\n\nCATTLE-SHEDS, Pig-sties, etc.\n\n1. Annual licences expiring on the 31st day of December of the year in which they are granted shall be issued for the keeping of cattle, swine, sheep and goats.\n\n2. Any person desirous of obtaining a licence to keep cattle, swine, sheep or goats shall make application to the Board by means of a properly filled-in form, for which purpose blank forms can be obtained from the Secretary of the Board at his Office.\n\n3. No building in which cattle, swine, sheep and goats are housed shall be situated nearer than six feet to any dwelling-house and shall not in any way connect with a public or private sewer except with the special permission of the Board. Such building shall be lighted and ventilated to the satisfaction of the Board and the flooring thereof shall be of granite slabs, concrete, or other impervious material and provided with water-tight channels for draining urine and fluid noxious matters into a water-tight covered sump or such other place as may be approved of by the Board. The sump shall be constructed to the satisfaction of the Board and shall be emptied and the contents thereof together with solid manure in the building removed daily.\n\n4. Each cow shall have at least twenty-four square feet nett area of standing room and three hundred and sixty cubic feet of air-space; but in no case shall the building be less than twelve feet in height.\n\n(a) Each sheep and goat shall have at least eight square feet of standing room and ninety cubic feet of air-space.\n\n(b) Each pig shall have at least eight square feet of standing room, and every pigsty shall be not less than four feet in height at its lowest part, and shall be thoroughly ventilated to the satisfaction of the Board.\n\n6. The buildings shall be at all times kept in a cleanly condition and the walls be scraped and lime-washed at least once every six months.\n\n7. A building for which a licence is held to house cattle, swine, sheep or goats shall not be used for any other purpose than the housing of such animals except the storage of fodder, and the space occupied by such fodder shall not be included in the cubic airspace laid down in bye-laws 4 and 5.\n\n8. Buildings in which cattle, sheep, goats and swine are housed shall be at all times open to inspection by members of the Board or any of the Board's officers.\n\n9. Every licensee or, in his absence, the person in charge of the animals shall, with all possible speed, report to the officer in charge of the nearest Police Station any and every case of disease occurring amongst his animals. In the event of an animal dying, the carcase shall not be removed or buried without an order in writing from an Inspector of Live-Stock or from some person authorized by him.\n\nThe Board may, in its discretion, cancel any licence to keep animals on the holder of such licence being a second time convicted before a Police Magistrate for a breach of these bye-laws.\n\n11. In the calculation of cubic space under No. 4 of these bye-laws, two calves under one year shall be counted as one cow.\n\n12. In the calculation of cubic space under No. 5 of these bye-laws, two lambs, two kids and two young pigs under four months shall be counted as one sheep, one goat, and one pig respectively.\n\n13. Any person desirous of obtaining a licence for a building in which animals are to be housed shall make adequate provision that such building shall have a suitable supply of good wholesome water for the use of the animals to be housed therein, and such supply of water shall be within such distance of such building as shall in each case be determined by the Board.\n\nCEMETERIES.\n\nCemeteries other than Church Cemeteries.\n\n1. Every cemetery shall be at all times open to inspection by members of the Board and any of its officers who may be directed to make such inspections.\n\nEach grave shall bear a number.\n\nBy Cam\n\ncamoter\n\n205\n\nwada\n\nརི་བོ་ཞག ཆོར\n\nof 18876tin\n\n13,\n\n24\n\n12.4 1851.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381499, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 211, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "ORDINANCE No. 13 of 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\nought, in the interests of the public health, to be destroyed then it shall, if the Medical Officer of Health or other officer of the Board duly authorized to act on his behalf, concurs, be destroyed in such manner and in such place and with such precautions as the said Board may from time to time direct.\n\nAdditional Bye-laws to be enforced only during the prevalence of an epidemic, endemic or contagious disease in the Colony or in any district thereof.\n\n6. During the prevalence in the Colony, or in any district thereof, of bubonic plague, cholera, smallpox or such other epidemic, endemic or contagious disease as may be from time to time notified in the Gazette, all receptacles, whether public or private, for excremental matter shall be kept thoroughly disinfected by the owner thereof to the satisfaction of the Medical Officer of Health or other duly authorized officer of the Board, by causing to be thrown into every such receptacle after use a sufficient quantity of any such disinfectant as may be approved by the said Board. All doors and channels as well as all partitions, seats and other structures of every Latrine shall be frequently washed and cleansed with water to which some such disinfectant has been added.\n\n7. During the prevalence in the Colony, or in any district thereof, of any of the aforesaid diseases, any building or part of any building certified in writing by the Medical Officer of Health or by any legally qualified and registered medical practitioner, to be unfit for human habitation, even although the same may have been cleansed and disinfected, as provided in No. 3 of these Bye-laws may be closed by order of the Board during the prevalence of any of such diseases or for such less period as the Medical Officer of Health or such legally qualified and registered medical practitioner may certify to be necessary, and the occupants of the same may be removed, after twenty-four hours' notice has been given to the householder or Occupier to vacate the premises, by the service of a notice, duly signed by The Secretary of the Board, or by the posting of such notice upon any portion of the premises.\n\nIn no case shall such premises be re-occupied except under a certificate of the Board signed by the Secretary that such premises are fit for human habitation.\n\nThe Board may, when necessary, erect matsheds, or hire buildings or charter vessels and use them for the accommodation of the persons so removed.\n\n8. Any officer of the Board may, during the prevalence in the Colony or in any district thereof of any of the aforesaid diseases, and within such limits as may from time to time be defined by the Board, make a house to house visitation for the purpose of inspecting the sanitary condition of any premises so visited and of all and every part thereof, and of ascertaining whether there is any person in or upon the said premises attacked or affected by any of the said diseases or the body of any person who has died therefrom. If the premises so visited or any part thereof shall be found in a dirty or insanitary condition in the opinion of any such officer, he shall report the same to the Medical Officer of Health or to any such other officer as may be appointed for that purpose by the Board, with the approval of the Governor, who shall inspect such premises and if he considers them or any part thereof to be in a dirty or insanitary condition he may forthwith take steps to have all furniture and goods removed therefrom and to have the said premises thoroughly cleansed and disinfected by persons acting under his instructions; and whenever, in his opinion, it is necessary for the thorough cleansing and disinfection of such premises to do any or all of the following acts, namely, to take down, remove from the premises or destroy any mezzanine floor, cockloft, partition, screen or other similar structure or fitting, or any portion thereof, or when in his opinion any mezzanine floor, cockloft, partition, screen, or other similar structure or fitting prevents the free access of light and air to the said premises, he shall forthwith have the same taken down, and if he considers the removal from the premises or the destruction thereof, or both, necessary in the interests of the public health, he shall forthwith cause the same to be removed from the premises or destroyed or both. Such destruction shall be carried out with such precautions and in such manner and in such place as the Board may from time to time direct.\n\nFor the purposes of this Bye-law any officer of the Board may enter any premises without notice between the hours of 5 a.m. and 6 p.m.\n\nDOMESTIC CLEANLINESS AND VENTILATION.\n\n1. The occupier of any domestic building shall at all times cause such building to be kept in a cleanly and wholesome condition and see that the drains, traps, gratings, fall-pipes and other sanitary fittings and appliances are kept free from obstruction and in an efficient state of repair; and he shall keep the windows and ventilating openings at all times free from obstruction unless prevented by inclement weather or by the illness of any person occupying such building.\n\n2. Every occupier or householder of a domestic building shall cause all excremental matter to be removed daily from such building, to one of the public conservancy boats, by a duly registered night-soil carrier.\n\n3. Every occupier or householder of a domestic building shall cause all domestic waste, refuse or other objectionable matter other than excremental matter to be removed daily from such building and taken to a public dust-cart or dust-bin.\n\n4. The Board shall, if satisfied that any domestic building in the Colony is in a dirty condition, give notice to the householder to have such building, in respect of which the notice is given, thoroughly cleansed and limewashed within a period of one week from the date of receipt of such notice, and such householder shall cleanse and lime-wash such premises in accordance with such notice. In any case where no householder exists or can be found, the owner of such building shall be served with a notice to the above effect, and upon such service being duly effected, such owner shall cleanse and lime-wash such premises in accordance with such notice.\n\n5. Any house, or part of a house, which is occupied by members of more than one family shall, unless specially exempted by the Board, be cleansed and lime-washed throughout, by the owner, to the satisfaction of the Board not less than twice in every year, namely, during the months of January and February and of July and August in the eastern division of the City and in the eastern division of Kowloon; during the months of March and April and of September and October in the central division of the City and in the western division of Kowloon; and during the months of May and June and of November and December in the ...\n\nPage 209\n\n... Blanes\n\nMa\n\n2408\n\n73\n\naction of\n\n1859\n\nnction 13\n\n(land 4 oz\n\nAngelours\n\n18541\n\nLin\n\nunder 15 of\n\nand 2, 3, and\n\n5 cundia 24 of 14).", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 381506, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "page_number": 218, "title": "CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9]", "content_text": "ORDINANCE No. 13 OF 1901.\n\nPublic Health.\n\nMEZZANINE FLOORS AND COCKLOFTS.\n\n(1) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall be erected, or if already existing be allowed to remain, without the permission in writing of the Board.\n\n(2) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall be situated in any floor other than the ground or the top floor of the building.\n\n(3) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall be erected, or if already existing be allowed to remain, except in a building which is constructed, ventilated, lighted and maintained in a sanitary condition to the satisfaction of the Board.\n\n(4) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room and every mezzanine floor or cockloft shall have a clear space below every part of it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall obstruct any doorway or window situated in an external wall.\n\n(5) The space above a mezzanine floor or cockloft shall not be used for sleeping purposes unless such space measures an average of not less than nine feet vertically.\n\n(6) The space above and below such mezzanine floor or cockloft shall not be enclosed except by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(7) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall be erected, or if already existing be allowed to remain, in any room which contains one or more cubicles or partitions.\n\n(8) No cubicle or partition shall be erected, or if already existing be allowed to remain, on any mezzanine floor or cockloft.\n\n(9) No mezzanine floor or cockloft shall be erected, or if already existing be allowed to remain, in any kitchen:\n\nProvided that any existing mezzanine floor or cockloft, for which a permit in writing has been issued by the Board in accordance with Government Notifications 373 and 407 of 1895, shall be allowed to remain, subject to the conditions of such permit.\n\nNIGHT SOIL CARRIERS.\n\n1. The removal of excretal matters from premises other than those from which such matters are removed by the night-soil contractor, shall be carried out by night-soil carriers registered by and holding a licence from the Board.\n\n2. Licences shall be issued in the first instance to the existing private night-soil carriers, and no additional licences shall be granted unless and until the necessity for their issue shall have been shown to the satisfaction of the Board.\n\n3. Licences to night-soil carriers shall be issued annually and shall expire on the 31st of December of the year in which they are issued.\n\n4. Licences shall be issued free of charge. In the event of the loss of a licence a duplicate shall be issued on payment of a fee of 25 cents.\n\n5. Every night-soil carrier licensed under these bye-laws shall, for the purposes of his work, use a bucket of such pattern as may from time to time be approved by the Board.\n\n6. Every night-soil carrier licensed under these bye-laws shall remove at least once in every 24 hours all excretal matters from the premises from which he shall have undertaken to remove such matters.\n\n7. No night-soil carrier shall convey excretal matters along any public street or road except between the hours of 1 a.m. and 6 a.m.\n\n8. Any licensed night-soil carrier, being convicted of a second offence against these bye-laws, shall forfeit his licence in addition to any penalty inflicted under the Public Health Ordinance, 1901.\n\nNOTIFICATION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE.\n\n1. If any inmate of any premises be suffering from small-pox, bubonic plague, cholera, diphtheria, scarlet fever, typhus fever, enteric fever, relapsing fever, or puerperal fever, and if such inmate be under the care of a legally qualified and registered medical practitioner the said medical practitioner shall forthwith furnish the Medical Officer of Health with a notification thereof in writing stating the name of such inmate and the situation of such premises.\n\nSuch legally qualified medical practitioner shall be entitled to receive, on application to the Secretary of the Board, the sum of $1 for each and every such notification.\n\n2. If any inmate of any premises be suffering from small-pox, cholera or bubonic plague, and if such inmate be not under the care of a legally qualified and registered medical practitioner, the occupier or keeper of such premises or part of such premises, or in default of such occupier or keeper the nearest male adult relative living on such premises, or in default of such relative, occupier, or keeper any person in charge of or in attendance on the sick person shall, on the nature of the disease becoming known to him or on suspicion of the existence in such inmate of any such disease, forthwith notify the same to the Medical Officer of Health, or the officer in charge of the nearest Police Station, who shall, immediately on receipt thereof, transmit the information to the Medical Officer of Health.\n\n3. No notification which contains any false information shall be deemed a notification as required by these bye-laws unless the person notifying proves that he believed and had reasonable grounds for believing such false information to be true.\n\n4. The Secretary of the Board shall upon application furnish every medical practitioner in the Colony and every officer in charge of a Police Station with the printed forms of notification to be used.\n\n5. All persons knowing or having reason to believe that any person has been attacked by, or is suffering from, bubonic plague, cholera, small-pox or from such other epidemic, endemic or contagious disease as may be from time to time duly notified in the Gazette, shall notify the same without delay to any officer on duty at the nearest Police Station, or to some officer of the Sanitary Board, and any such officer receiving any such notification whether verbal or written or discovering any such case, shall notify the same with the least possible delay to the Medical Officer of Health, and may detain such person or remove him to a public hospital until he can be examined by the Medical Officer of Health or by some legally qualified and registered medical practitioner.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-306 - Governor Sir Blake - 1901 [8-9].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 384349, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "page_number": 226, "title": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "content_text": "The work was carried out by a Chinese contractor, for a building owner who was a blacksmith, and was completed about the middle of February 1901. In the case of new buildings, a certificate must be issued before they can be occupied, but there is no such requirement in the case of buildings which have merely been altered or added to, provided the extent of such operations is not so great as to bring them within the definition of \"new buildings\" as contained in the Ordinance.\n\nHence, no certificate was required in the case of the houses now under consideration.\n\nThe ground floor of No. 1232 was occupied by a blacksmith who carried out his business there, and No. 1234 by a building contractor who stored a quantity of timber in the cockloft or intermediate floor upon the upper floors of both walls. The buildings were used as dwellings.\n\nThe collapse recurred on the night of the 14th August 1901, at about 10:45, an hour at which most of the occupants would be indoors, and the disaster was aggravated by an outbreak of fire at No. 1232.\n\nPage 2\n\n \n\nsec 53 of was amended by 25 / 1891\n\nsec 14 of 72.\n\nas amended \n\nno ce contained in the Ordinance.\n\nThe 72.\n\n od 25 / 1891 \n\n \nwas reordered and rewritten to: \n Sec 53 of Ordinance 72 as amended by Ordinance 25/1891 \n\nand the final output is \nThe work was carried out by a Chinese contractor, for a building owner who was a blacksmith, and was completed about the middle of February 1901. In the case of new buildings, a certificate must be issued before they can be occupied, but there is no such requirement in the case of buildings which have merely been altered or added to, provided the extent of such operations is not so great as to bring them within the definition of \"new buildings\" as contained in the Ordinance.\n\nHence, no certificate was required in the case of the houses now under consideration.\n\nThe ground floor of No. 1232 was occupied by a blacksmith who carried out his business there, and No. 1234 by a building contractor who stored a quantity of timber in the cockloft or intermediate floor upon the upper floors of both walls. The buildings were used as dwellings.\n\nThe collapse recurred on the night of the 14th August 1901, at about 10:45, an hour at which most of the occupants would be indoors, and the disaster was aggravated by an outbreak of fire at No. 1232.\n\nSec 53 of Ordinance 72 as amended by Ordinance 25/1891", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 384353, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "page_number": 230, "title": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "content_text": "The evidence in this enquiry does not disclose what was the immediate cause of the collapse of 10-12 Cochrane Street on the night of the 14th day of August, 1901.\n\nThe following conditions and circumstances in my opinion probably contributed to the said collapse:\n\n1) The existence of a blacksmith-shop on the ground floor of 10-12 Cochrane Street. It was proved in evidence that vibration has a tendency to weaken the walls of a house.\n\n2) On the ground floor of 12-14 Cochrane Street was a cockloft used by the tenant, who was a contractor, for storing timber on access planks.\n\n3) The defective construction of the party wall between 10-12 and 12-14 Cochrane Street. It was proved in evidence that the said party wall was badly bonded and that the heart of the said wall was hollow and filled up with small pieces of bricks.\n\n4) The existence of an extra story which was put on each of the said houses six or seven months prior to the collapse.\n\n5) That the showery weather prior to the collapse...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 384354, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "page_number": 231, "title": "CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4]", "content_text": "227\n\n3\n\n就\n\nto the collapse, hol su then a hi\n\nkolam han\n\n77 27\n\na vy shower, would\n\nmit a\n\ncouzite reabil\n\ncontraction and expansion of the material, and, acting on the old walls, would have contributed considerably to the collapse.\n\n14. That there was a deviation from the approved plans while altering the sand two houses, the principal deviation being the building of an ... instead of a walk and the total absence of internal cross-walls.\n\nPutting myself in the position of a coroner's jury, \"I make the following suggestions or riders:\n\n(a). That the existence of black soil stops render tenements should be prohibited.\n\n(b). That all cockloft used for storing many materials be also prohibited.\n\n(c). That all buildings or work under the Building Ordinance be carried out under European superintendence or an architect.\n\n(d). That the provisions of Section 72 of the Building Ordinance, which casts upon the Director of Public Works the responsibility and duties of approving only of such alterations or additions to old work or ...\n\n...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-310 - Acting Governor Major Gen Gascoigne - 1902 [1-4].txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 483169, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919", "page_number": 592, "title": "CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919", "content_text": "Hong Kong\n\nC53233\n\nRECO\n\nRene 15 SEP\n\nWilliamine\n\nE.J\n\n1919\n\n10th Sept.\n\nLast previous Paper\n\nGou #90.\n\n53235\n\nHongkong Development Scheme.\n\nNational Electric Construction is in a position to provide the capital for the company which is to be formed.\n\n27 Sept 25-Sept-19.\n\nCopy comes Day Comp Cockfost & Ro...\n\nIn Williams says nothing about the Conditions laid down in the third paragraph.\n\nColin 7 Sept 47790\n\nThe Committee's approval is suggested. Remind him of the conditions stipulated in the 3rd paragraph and say that subject to these Conditions being accepted, the interview may be fixed as desired in his letter of 10th Sept. (53236), and suggest some day next week for the proposed interview.\n\nNext subsequent Paper.\n\n17.9.19 (24492—4h.) Wt. 14440-22, 25,000. 8/19, D & S. G. 123/41", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-459 - Individuals - 1919.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543355, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 127, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "# Definitions\n\n'Cattle' means bulls, cows, oxen, heifers, calves and buffaloes.\n\n'Cockloft' includes any floor other than a ground floor and any platform or landing of a greater breadth than three feet and which has not a clear space of nine feet measured vertically above it.\n\n'Colonial Veterinary Surgeon' includes any veterinary surgeon or medical practitioner authorised by the Governor to perform the duties of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon under this Ordinance and also any Assistant Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.\n\n'Common Lodging House' includes :-\n(a) Any house or part thereof or other structure where persons of the labouring, artisan or mechanical classes are received for short periods at an amount not exceeding fifty cents per day for each person whether the same be paid daily or otherwise, or where the same class of accommodation is furnished by an employer of workmen for his workmen or is paid for by subscription to a common fund.\n(b) Any emigration house or depot.\n(c) Any seamen's lodging house for asiatic seamen.\n(d) Any house or part of a house, not being a public hospital for the reception of sick or dying persons.\n(e) Any house where ten or more jinrickshaw pullers or chair coolies are lodged as tenants or subtenants of one landlord or lessee.\n\n'Council' means the Urban Council unless some other Council is indicated.\n\n'Cubicle' means any portion of a room partitioned off for the purpose of being used as a sleeping place.\n\n'Dairy' means and includes any farm house, cowshed, milk-store, milk shop or other place from which milk is supplied or in which milk is kept for the purposes of manufacture or sale.\n\n'Dairyman' includes any keeper of cows or buffaloes for the purpose of trade in milk, purveyor of milk, seller of milk, occupier of a dairy, employees engaged in the production or distribution of milk and in cases where a dairy is owned by a corporation or company the secretary or other person actually managing such dairy.\n\n'Dangerous trade' means any manufacturing process or handicraft in which lead, arsenic, mercury, phosphorus or any other poisonous substance whatsoever is used.\n\n'Domestic building' means any building constructed, used, or adapted to be used, wholly or partly, for human habitation, but does not include any building where caretakers only, not exceeding two in number, pass the night.\n\n'Drug' means any medicine for internal or external use.\n\n'Eating house' means a building or portion thereof used as an eating-house, coffee house, or other similar establishment where no intoxicating liquors are sold on the premises.\n\n'External air' means the air of any space which is vertically open to the sky and unobstructed and which, when measured from and at right angles to the external surface of a wall, or where there is a verandah or balcony when measured from the external surface of such verandah or balcony, has a dimension of not less than thirteen feet throughout the extent of any window opening in such wall, and when measured parallel to the external surface of such wall, verandah or balcony and in a horizontal direction has a dimension of not less than seven feet.\n\n'Factory' means any premises or place wherein or within the close or curtilage or precincts of which any machinery other than machinery worked entirely by hand is used in aid of any industrial undertaking carried on in such premises or place.\n\n'Floor' includes any horizontal platform forming the base of any storey, and every joist, board, timber, stone, brick, or other substance, connected with and forming part of such platform.\n\n'Food' means any article used for food or drink other than drugs.\n\n'Health Officer' includes the Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, any medical officer appointed as a Health Officer by the Governor, and any officer for the time being performing the duties of a Health Officer.\n\n'Hill District' means any part of the island of Hong Kong above the 700 feet contour, except Chinese villages.\n\n'Householder' means the actual tenant or occupier of any building, or in cases where there is no such person, then the owner of such building, and, in the case of corporations, companies, and associations, the secretary or manager thereof.\n\n'Keeper of a Common Lodging-House' means any person licensed to keep a common lodging-house.\n\n'Latrine' includes 'privy', pail latrine and water closet. 'Latrine accommodation' includes a receptacle for human excreta together with the structure comprising such receptacle and the fittings and the apparatus connected therewith.\n\n'Pail latrine' means latrine accommodation including a moveable receptacle for human excreta.\n\n'Mid-level District' means that portion of the City of Victoria which is situated on the southern or south-eastern boundary of a dividing line beginning from a point on the Pokfulum Road at No. 1 Bridge and passing along Pokfulum Road, High Street, Bonham Road and Caine Road as far as Ladder Street to Wing Lee Street, thence along Wing Lee Street and Pa Wa Street and bisecting Inland Lot 94, thence along the northern boundary of Inland Lots 100, 1086, 122 and 123, thence along Shelley Street and the northern boundary of Inland Lot 125 to Old Bailey, thence along Chancery Lane, Chancery Lane Steps, Wyndham Street, Lower Albert Road and Ice House Street, thence along Queen's Road Central and Queen's Road East to the Eastern Boundary of War Department land, thence along the Western boundary of Inland Lots 47A, 47 and 1211 until the line produced meets Monmouth...\n\nPage 227", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543368, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 140, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "## Closure of Cubicles and Partitions\n\n(7) No cubicle or partition shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(8) No portion of the structure of any cubicle shall exceed six feet in height.\n\n(9) No portion of the structure of any cubicle except the necessary corner posts shall be nearer than two inches to the floor of such cubicle, and no structure shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, within any cubicle which is of a greater height than the maximum height allowed by this section for any portion of the structure of such cubicle or which provides a cover or roof to the cubicle.\n\n(10) All cubicles and partitions referred to in this section shall be constructed of wood, metal or other material approved by the Building Authority and shall be painted, whitewashed or otherwise kept clean to the satisfaction of the Urban Council.\n\nProvided that the Urban Council, with the consent of the Governor-in-Council, shall have power in all cases to grant a modification of or exemption from the requirements of this section upon such conditions, if any, as the Council may deem expedient.\n\n## Magistrate May Order Demolition and Removal of Cubicles, Partitions, etc.\n\n46. It shall be lawful for a magistrate, in his absolute discretion, to order the whole or any portion of any building containing cubicles and partitions, which is unauthorised or contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance, to be forthwith closed and to remain closed until the alterations or removal required have been certified in writing by the Secretary to have been made and completed to the satisfaction of the Urban Council. Every person found living in any building or portion thereof so closed as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have acted in contravention of this Ordinance and shall be punishable accordingly.\n\n47. It shall be lawful for a magistrate in any case in which it is proved to his satisfaction that any mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition, or shop-division is not in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, to order either in addition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction thereof or of any portion thereof and no compensation shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done thereto by such demolition, removal and destruction.\n\n## Adequate Latrine Accommodation to be Provided\n\n48. Should it appear to the Urban Council that any provision of building or part of a building is without sufficient and proper latrine accommodation and that such accommodation is necessary for the use of the occupants of such building or for the use of the persons employed in such building, or that the existing latrine accommodation available for use by the occupants of any building or by the persons employed therein is insufficient, or for sanitary reasons objectionable, the owner of such building shall, upon receipt of a written notice to that effect from the Council, provide a latrine, or additional latrines, to the satisfaction of the Council and also of the Building Authority, to whom plans together with the said notice shall be submitted before work is commenced.\n\nPage 140\nPage 141", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543394, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 166, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "# PUBLIC HEALTH (SANITATION) ORDINANCE, 1933\n\n## Table of Correspondence,—Continued\n\n### TABLE OF CORRESPONDENCE\n\nIn this table:\nA refers to Public Health and Buildings Ordinance 1903.\nB refers to Straits Settlements Municipal Ordinance.\nC refers to Federated Malay States Sanitary Board's Enactment.\nSections are indicated by plain numbers; by-laws by numbers with symbol b, as 3b: rules by numbers with symbol r, as 3r.\n\n### Marginal Notes\n\n#### PART I\n**(Preliminary)**\n\n| Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance 1933 | Corresponding Ordinance | Marginal Notes | Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance 1933 | Corresponding Ordinance | Marginal Notes |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Short title | 1 | | Keeper of Common Lodging House | | |\n| Saving as to tenancy contracts | 2 | A5 | Latrine | 6 (34) | |\n| Interpretation :— | 3 | A6 | Latrine accommodation | 6 (35) modified | H.P.A. (A) A. 1907 definition closet accommodation, |\n| Author of nuisance | | A6 (2) | Pail latrine | | P.H.A. (A) A 1907 definition of pail closet, |\n| Bake-house | | 6 (4) | Water closet | | P.H.A. (A) A. 1907 definition of water closet. |\n| Balcony | | 6 (5) | | | |\n| Basement | | 6 (6) | Matters with regard to which the Board has power to make by-laws | 6 (56) | New |\n| Board | | New | By-laws subject to approval of Legislative Council | 6 (57) modified | A16 |\n| Building | | | | 6 (58) | |\n| Building Authority | | | | 6 (59) | |\n| Cattle | | 6 (18) modified | | 6 (60A) | |\n| Cockloft | | 6 (19) do. | | 6 (61) | |\n| Colonial Veterinary Surgeon | | 6 (8) modified | | 6 (62) | |\n| Common Lodging House | | 46 (9) | | | A17 |\n| Cubicle | | A6 (12) | | | |\n| Dairy | | A6 (38) | | | |\n| Dairyman | | A6 (15A) | | | |\n| Dangerous trade | | | | | |\n| Department | | 6 (21A) | | | |\n| Domestic building | | 6 (22) | | | |\n| Drug | | 6 (28) | | | |\n| Eating House | | New | | | |\n| External air | | | | | |\n| Factory | | Factory Ordn. | | | |\n| Floor | | 6 (29) | | | |\n| Food | | 6 (30) modified | | | |\n| Health Officer | | 6 (32) | | | |\n| Hill District | | New | | | |\n| Householder | | 6 (33) | | | |\n| Mid-level District | | New, same as in Blgs. Bill. | | | |\n| Occupier | | A6 (42) | | | |\n| Offensive trade | | A6 (43) | | | |\n| Owner | | A6 (44) | | | |\n| Person | | 6 (47) | | | |\n| Premises | | 6 (48) | | | |\n| President | | 6 (48A) | | | |\n| Public Building | | 8 (49) | | | |\n| Public Latrine | | | | | |\n| Room | | 6 (50) | | | |\n| Secretary | | 6 (51) modified | | | |\n| Storey | | 6 (52) | | | |\n| Street | | 6 (53) modified | | | |\n| Tenant | | 6 (54) modified | | | |\n| Tenement | | & (55) New | | | |\n| Tenement House | | | | | |\n| Working class tenement house | | | | | |\n| Urban District | | | | | |\n| Verandah | | | | | |\n| Vessel | | | | | |\n| Window | | | | | |\n| Works | | | | | |\n| Workshop | | | | | |\n\n278", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543477, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 249, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "# \n## Definitions\n\n2 \n\n(8) **Building owner** means such one of the owners of adjoining land who is desirous of building, or such one of the owners of buildings, storeys, or rooms, separated from one another by a party wall or party structure who does or is desirous of doing a work affecting that party wall or party structure.\n\n(9) **Cement** means Portland Cement.\n\n(10) **Cockloft** includes any floor other than a ground floor, and any platform or landing of a greater breadth than three feet and which has not a clear space of nine feet measured vertically above it.\n\n(11) **Cross Wall** means any wall not exposed to the outer air other than a partition wall, used or constructed to be used for separation of one part of any building from another part of the same building.\n\n(12) **Dangerous building** means a building in such a condition as to cause risk of injury either to the occupiers of such building or to the occupiers of any neighbouring building, or to passengers.\n\n(13) **Domestic building** means any building constructed, used, or adapted to be used, wholly or partly, for human habitation, but does not include any building where caretakers only, not exceeding two in number, pass the night.\n\n(14) **Exceptional building** includes (i) every public building, factory, workshop, bakery, brewery, distillery, pawnshop, every building intended for special uses, every building made wholly or partly of reinforced concrete, every building made wholly or partly of glass, iron or other material not provided for in this Ordinance, and (ii) every part of every building which is an exceptional building within the meaning of the first part of this paragraph.\n\n(15) **External air** means the air of any space which is vertically open to the sky and unobstructed and which, when measured from and at right angles to the external surface of a wall, or where there is a verandah or balcony when measured from the external surface of such verandah or balcony, has a dimension of not less than thirteen feet throughout the extent of any window opening in such wall, and when measured parallel to the external surface of such wall, verandah or balcony and in a horizontal direction has a dimension of not less than seven feet.\n\n(16) **External Wall** means an outer wall of any part of any building not being a party wall, even though adjoining to a wall of another building but does include any outer wall of a verandah projecting over a street.\n\n(17) **Factory** means any premises or place wherein or within the close or curtilage or precincts of which any machinery other than machinery worked entirely by hand is used in aid of any industrial undertaking carried on in such premises or place.\n\n(18) **Floor** includes any horizontal platform forming the base of any storey, and every joist, board, timber, stone, brick, or other substance, connected with and forming part of such platform.\n\n(19) **Hill-side** means the face of the natural hill, or the face of any scarp or retaining wall built to support the same, or any artificial filling in terracing with earth behind such scarp or retaining wall, made with the object of supporting a street or forming a site for a building.\n\n(20) **Hill District** means any part of the island of Hong Kong above the 700-feet contour, except Chinese villages.\n\n3 \n\n(21) **Kowloon Point District** means that portion of Kowloon bounded on the South by Salisbury Road, on the North by Jordan Road and Gascoigne Road, on the East by Chatham Road and on the West by Nathan Road.\n\n(22) **Latrine** includes \"privy\" but not water closet.\n\n(23) **Main wall** means either an external or a party wall.\n\n(24) **Mid-level District** means that portion of the City of Victoria which is situated on the southern or south-eastern boundary of a dividing line beginning from a point on the Pokfulam Road at No. 1 Bridge and passing along Pokfulam Road, High Street, Bonham Road and Caine Road as far as Ladder Street to Wing Lee Street, thence along Wing Lee Street and Po Wa Street and bisecting Inland Lot 94, thence along the Northern boundary of Inland Lots 100, 1086, 122 and 123, thence along Shelley Street and the northern boundary of Inland Lot 125 to Old Bailey, thence along Chancery Lane, Chancery Lane Steps, Wyndham Street, Lower Albert Road and Ice House Street, thence along Queen's Road Central and Queen's Road East to the Eastern boundary of War Department land, thence along the Western boundary of Inland Lots 47A, 47 and 1211 until this line produced meets Monmouth Path, thence in a straight line to the North West corner of Inland Lot 2325, thence in a straight line to the North West corner of Inland Lot 1593 and thence along Stone Nullah Lane and Kennedy Road, terminating at the junction of Kennedy Road and Queen's Road East. The lateral boundaries to be formed by lines drawn southward from the beginning and termination of the aforesaid dividing line until they meet the Southern boundary of the City of Victoria.\n\nIt also includes any such other area or any modification of the said area as the Governor-in-Council may define and notify in the Gazette.\n\n(25) **New building** includes any building begun after the 26th February, 1903; and any then existing building thereafter or hereafter altered to such an extent as to necessitate the reconstruction of the whole of any two of its main walls or the removal of the roof and the reconstruction of at least one-half of each of any two of its main walls, whether at the same time or by instalments at different times; and any existing building raised to such an extent that its total height exceeds one and a half times the original height of the building. It also includes the conversion into a domestic building of any building not originally constructed for human habitation, and the conversion into more than one domestic building of a building originally constructed as one domestic building only and any existing building altered in such a manner as to form an additional storey, or the conversion into premises for separate occupation by different tenants, of any building originally constructed for one tenancy.\n\n(26) **Occupier** means any person in actual occupation of any premises.\n\n(27) **Owner** includes any person holding premises direct from the Crown, whether under lease, licence or otherwise and also any person for the time being receiving the rent of any premises, solely or as joint tenant, or tenant in common with others, or receiving the rent of any premises whether on his own behalf or that of any other person: and, where such owner as above defined cannot be found or ascertained or is absent from the Colony or is under disability, the agent ...\n\n387", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543484, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 256, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "# 396\n\nCertain spaces not to be used for habitation.\n\n## Ventilation under boarded floors storey.\n\n12\n\n(5) Bathrooms, water closets and latrines may be constructed so as to contain a clear space of only eight feet measured vertically.\n\n32. No building or part of a building which has a clear space of less than nine feet measured vertically shall be used for human habitation.\n\n33. Every person who shall erect a new domestic building shall construct every room in the lowest storey, if provided with a boarded floor, in such manner that there shall be, for the purpose of ventilation, between the underside of every joist on which such floor may be laid, and the upper surface of the concrete with which the ground surface or site of such building may be covered, a clear space of an average height of not less than two feet and six inches above the level of the ground outside, and he shall cause such space to be properly ventilated, any openings for such purpose being protected in such manner as effectually to exclude rats from such premises.\n\n## Rules as to cock lofts.\n\n## Wooden floors to be water-tight.\n\n## Cement skirtings required.\n\n34.—(1) No cockloft shall be hereafter erected in any storey or room which is used for sleeping purposes nor shall a cockloft be erected in any storey of a domestic building other than the ground storey of such building.\n\n(2) No cockloft shall without the permission of the Building Authority extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room or exceed two hundred square feet in area and every cockloft shall have a clear space below every part of it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. No cockloft shall so obstruct any doorway or window opening into the external air as to prevent the same being opened to its full extent.\n\n(3) No portion of the space either above or below any cockloft shall be enclosed except by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(4) No cockloft shall be erected or if already existing be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(5) No cockloft shall be used for any purpose other than storage.\n\n(6) Every cockloft shall, unless the Building Authority shall otherwise permit, be supported directly from the ground by pillars or columns to the satisfaction of the Building Authority in such manner that no additional load is placed upon any wall of the building in which such cockloft is situated, provided that any existing cockloft, for which a permit in writing has been issued by the Sanitary Board or Building Authority, shall be allowed to remain, subject to the conditions of such permit.\n\n35. All wooden floors hereafter constructed shall be properly tongued and grooved or otherwise jointed so as to be reasonably water-tight.\n\n36. The floors of all domestic buildings hereafter erected shall, unless specially exempted by the Building Authority, have skirtings of cement or of other impervious material approved by the Building Authority, at least nine inches in height and of a thickness of not less than one inch.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543510, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 282, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "## Contraventions and Penalties\n\n156. During the pendency of any proceedings before the arbitrators, if either of them shall from any cause be unable to act, his place, if he is a person appointed by the Governor, shall be filled by some other person so appointed, and if he is a person appointed by a claimant, shall be filled by some other person so appointed.\n\n157. Every act, failure, neglect, whereby any requirement or provision of this Ordinance is contravened, and every refusal to comply with any of such requirements or provisions, shall be deemed a contravention of this Ordinance.\n\n158. Every person who, being an architect, engineer, clerk of works, contractor, foreman, or workman, is responsible, either alone or jointly with others, for the existence of any nuisance as defined by this Ordinance, and also the owner, occupier, or tenant of any building or works on which any such nuisance exists, shall upon summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars, and to a further fine not exceeding twenty dollars for every day that the nuisance remains unabated.\n\n159. Every person who refuses to obey the order of any magistrate made under the provisions of this Ordinance, or who, without reasonable excuse, refuses to permit the Building Authority, or any officer deputed by such Authority, to enter or inspect any building or works in the performance of his duties under this Ordinance, and every person who obstructs or hinders the Building Authority, or such officer as aforesaid, in the execution of the powers vested in him by this Ordinance or by any order of a magistrate, shall upon summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding five hundred dollars.\n\n160. Every person who contravenes any of the provisions of this Ordinance in respect of which contravention no special penalty is otherwise provided shall upon summary conviction be liable to a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars.\n\n161. Where a contravention of any of the provisions of this Ordinance is committed by any company, corporation, or firm, the secretary, manager, or any partner thereof may be summoned and shall be held liable for such contravention and the consequences thereof.\n\n162. Where proceedings under this Ordinance are competent against several persons in respect of the act or default of such persons, it shall be sufficient to proceed against one or more of them without proceeding against the others.\n\n### Special Powers of Magistrate\n\n163. It shall be lawful for a magistrate in any case in which it is proved to his satisfaction that any cockloft, partition, or shop-division is not in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, to order either in addition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction thereof or of any portion thereof by any officer deputed by the Building Authority, and no compensation shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done thereto by such demolition, removal, and destruction.\n\n164. (1) If admission to premises for any of the purposes of this Ordinance is refused, any magistrate may, on complaint thereof on oath by any officer authorised by this Ordinance to enter and inspect premises (made after reasonable notice in writing of the intention to make the same has been given to the person having custody of the premises, if such person there be), by order under his hand, require the person having the custody of premises to admit any officer entitled under this Ordinance to inspect the same into the premises during the hours prescribed by this Ordinance, and if no such person can be found, the magistrate shall, on oath before him of that fact, by order under his hand, authorise any such officer to enter the premises during the prescribed hours.\n\n(2) After a magistrate's order has been obtained under this section, any officer authorised to inspect premises under this Ordinance may, if necessary, break into the premises named in the order.\n\n(3) Any order made by a magistrate under this section shall continue in force until the nuisance has been abated or the work for which the entry was necessary has been done.\n\n165. Every application for modification of or exemption from any of the provisions of sections 70, 73, 82, 85, 86, 95, and 121, which the Governor in Council is by any of such sections empowered to grant, shall be made to the Building Authority in the first instance, and may be granted by him either wholly or in part and with or without conditions; and a certificate under the hand of the Building Authority to the effect that any such modification or exemption has been granted by him shall be valid and effectual for all purposes as if such modification or exemption had been granted by the Governor in Council.\n\n### Appeal to the Governor in Council\n\n166. Whenever any person is dissatisfied with the exercise of the discretion of any person to whom discretionary power is given under this Ordinance with respect to any act, matter, or thing, which is by this Ordinance made subject to the exercise of the discretion of such authority, or with any action or decision of any such person either as to the carrying out of or the meaning of any of the provisions of this Ordinance, or whenever any of the provisions of this Ordinance are, owing to special conditions, undesirable, the person so dissatisfied may, unless proceedings have already been taken before a magistrate under this... \n\n430 \n431", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543528, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 300, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "# GENERAL INDEX\n\n## A.\n\n### SECTION\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| ACCESS; to buildings for inspection | 129 |\n| to open spaces | 89 |\n| ADDITIONS: to buildings | 128 |\n| ADJOINING OWNER; interpretation of | 4(1) |\n| Rights of | 138-156 |\n| ALTERATIONS; to buildings | 128 |\n| APPEAL; to Governor in Council | 166-170 |\n| APPLICATION; of Ordinance | 172 |\n| ARBITRATION | 153-156 |\n| ARCHITECTURE, rules as to types of | 109 |\n| AREAS; between building and hill-side | 82, 84 |\n| Structures in | 82 |\n| Sub-soil drainage of | ... |\n| Encroaching on streets | 83 |\n| AUTHOR of a nuisance; interpretation of | 51 (Schedule B) |\n| AUTHORIZED Architect, interpretation of | 4(2), 4(3), 5 |\n| List of | ... |\n\n## B.\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| BACKYARD: ground surface of | 25 |\n| BALCONY: Interpretation of | 6(4) |\n| Rules as to | 51, 52, 58 |\n| Obstructions in | 58 |\n| Undertaking with regard to | Schedule A |\n| Regulations of | Schedule C |\n| BATHROOMS; clear vertical height in | 30, 31(5) |\n| BASEMENT; Interpretation of | 4(5) |\n| Light to | 15 |\n| thickness of walls | 29 |\n| BEARING: for floors | 117, 118 |\n| BLASTING | 90, 125(c) |\n| BLOCK PLAN | ... |\n| BLUE BRICKS | ... |\n| BOND TIMBERS | ... |\n| BONDING for Walls | 24 |\n| BOUNDARY WALLS | 10 |\n| BREACH of Condition of modification | 45 |\n| BRIDGES | 23 |\n| BRESSUMMERS: | 19 |\n| BUILDING: Interpretation of | 4(6) |\n| Addition or alteration of | 128 |\n| Chinese domestic | 106-108, 111-114, 129 |\n| Dangerous | 70-73 |\n| Depth of | 106-109 |\n| Design of | ... |\n| Domestic, Interpretation of | 4(13), 125(9) |\n| Height of | 95, 96 |\n| New | 4(25) |\n| Notice of intention to commence | ... |\n| Nuisances | ... |\n| Public, Interpretation of | ... |\n| Wooden | ... |\n| BUILDING AUTHORITY; Interpretation of | 4(7) |\n| Liability of | 9, 178, 174 |\n| Powers as to entry and inspection by | 129 |\n| Powers to divert traffic | 130 |\n| BUILDING OWNER: Interpretation of | 4(8) |\n| Rights of | 138-156 |\n\n## C.\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| CEILINGS: | 39 |\n| CEMENT; Interpretation of | 4(9) |\n| CERTIFICATE completion | 71 |\n| | 110, Schedule K |\n| CHIMNEYS; | 46, 61, 62, 64-67 |\n| for reinforced concrete | 106-108, 4(10), 34 |\n| CHINESE Domestic Building | 93(2) |\n| COCKLOFT; | ... |\n| COMPENSATION; for disallowing re-erection | 153-156 |\n| Claims for | 153-156 |\n\n## C, Continued.\n\n## D.\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| CONCRETING of ground surfaces | 25 |\n| CONTRACTS tenancy | 3 |\n| CONTRAVENTIONS; Interpretation of | 157 |\n| (see Penalties) | ... |\n| CORBELLING; | 29, 40 |\n| CORNICES: | 47, 48 |\n| CROSS WALL: Interpretation of | 4(11) |\n| Thickness of | 14 |\n| DAMP-PROOF COURSES | 16 |\n| DANGEROUS BUILDINGS; Interpretation of | 4(12), 111-114, 129 |\n| Shoring of, etc. | 31, 85 |\n| DETACHED BUILDING; | 4(20), (21), (24) |\n| DISTRICT: Hill, Mid-level, Kowloon Point | 4(13), 49 |\n| DOMESTIC BUILDING; Interpretation of | 4(13) |\n| DOWN-PIPES | 49 |\n| DRAINAGE; Works | 97-105 |\n| Regulations | Schedule H |\n| Building over | 121 |\n| Interference with existing | 124, 125 |\n\n## E.\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| DRAWINGS; | 118, Schedule E |\n| EARTH: Cutting | 47-49, Schedule H(26) |\n| EAVES, Gutters | 51 |\n| ENCROACHMENTS on Crown Land | 120, Schedule H(4) |\n| ENTRY and inspection of buildings | 7-9 |\n| EXCAVATIONS, Lighting of | 4(14) |\n| EXCEPTIONAL Building, Interpretation of | 165, 169, 170 |\n| Construction of | ... |\n| EXEMPTIONS | 4(15) |\n| EXTERNAL AIR, Interpretation of | 4(16) |\n| EXTERNAL WALL, Interpretation of | ... |\n\n## F.\n\n| Term | Section/Page |\n| --- | --- |\n| FACTORY: Interpretation of | 4(17) |\n| FALL, of ground surfaces | 25(2) |\n| FIRE ESCAPES | 68 |\n| FIRE PLACES | 59, 61-63 |\n| FLOORS; Interpretation of | 4(18) |\n| Bearing for | 20 |\n| Impermeable | 25 |\n| Level of ground | 27 |\n| Space between | 31, 32 |\n| To be water-tight | 35 |\n| To rest on corbells | 29 |\n| Ventilation under | 33 |\n| FOUNDATIONS; Construction of | 17 |\n\nPage 300\nPage 301", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543531, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "page_number": 303, "title": "CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934", "content_text": "## General Index - Continued\n\n| Party | 75 |\n| --- | --- |\n\n## TABLE OF CORRESPONDENCE\n\n### Remarks\n\n| Party | Ꭲ. S,-Continued. |\n| --- | --- |\n\n| STONES; Removal of | 118 |\n| STOREY; Interpretation of | 4(35) |\n| Height of | 11(proviso 3) |\n| STORM water-channels | 30, 31, 95(6) |\n| STOVES; Floor under | 121-124 |\n| STREET, Interpretation of | 63 |\n| Width of | 57, 90 |\n| Private | 116, Schedule D |\n| STRUCTURES; Inflammable | 4(29) |\n\n### Buildings Ordinance 1932\n\n| TIMBER Stores | 1 |\n| TYPE-plans | 2 |\n| TYPES of Architecture | 4 |\n| TENANCY Contracts | 3 |\n| TENANT, Interpretation of | 5 |\n| TENEMENT, Interpretation of | 4(36) |\n| TIE Rods | 4(1) |\n| | 6(1) |\n| | (2) |\n| | (3) |\n| \"a\" substituted for \"the\" | (4) |\n| \"to an average added. the floor level\" | (5) |\n| \"garage and hoarding\" added. | (6) |\n| | (8) |\n| Deleted. | (7) |\n| | (9) |\n| | (10) |\n| V. | (8) |\n| VENTILATION, of Buildings | (11) |\n| under floors | 70 |\n| VERANDAH, Interpretation of | 33 |\n| Obstruction in | (9) |\n| | (13) |\n| | 4(39) |\n| A definition of \"Cockloft\" substituted for that of \"Mezzanine floor\" which has been deleted. | 58 |\n\n### Regulations\n\n| Schedules A & C | 51-55 |\n| Rules as to | (10) |\n| | (38) |\n\n### W.\n\n| WALLS: Interpretation of | 4(40) |\n| Cross | 4(11) |\n| External | 4(16) |\n| Main | 4(23) |\n| Partition | 4(28) |\n| Party | |\n| Blue bricks | 4(30) |\n| Bonding of | 10 |\n| Boundary or fence | 23 |\n| Cross | (24) |\n| | 19 |\n| Deleted and a definition of \"Mid-level District\" substituted. | 13, 14 |\n| Damp-proof courses for | |\n| External | 16 |\n| Foundations for | 11, 13(8) |\n| Hollow | 17 |\n| Hoop iron courses for | 22 |\n| Lath and plaster | |\n| Limitation of length of | 13 |\n| \"seven\" substituted for \"five\" | |\n| Materials for | |\n| Mortar for | |\n| Partition | 23 |\n| Party | 22 |\n| Re-drafted to exclude \"vertical enclosure\" and \"cross wall or other partition\" which have their own definition. | 99 |\n| Retaining | 18 |\n| Tie-rods for | |\n| | 20, 138-152 |\n| | 6 |\n| | 10 |\n| | 15 |\n\n### T\n\n| WATER-closets | 13(3) |\n| WEEP-Holes | 75-81 |\n| WELLS. | Schedule H. |\n| Required | 120 |\n| WOOD Plates | 18 |\n| WOOD-work near flues | 69, 70, 73 |\n| WOODEN Buildings | 74 |\n| WINDOWS, Interpretation of | 45 |\n| Obstruction to | 46 |\n| Floors | 9, Schedule D |\n| WORKS, Interpretation of | 35 |\n| Notice of intention to commence... | 4(42), 125(9), Schedule F |\n| Deleted | |\n| Redrafted to conform with No. 27 of 1932, s. 2. | (17) |\n| Re-drafted to include hand power machinery. | (27) |\n| | (18) |\n| | (28) |\n| | (19) |\n| | (29) |\n| | (20) |\n| | (31) |\n| | (21) |\n| | (32) |\n| Added | (22) |\n| \"but not water closet\" added | (28) |\n| | (35) |\n| | (85) |\n| | (24) |\n| | (37) |\n| | (38) |\n\n459", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-8 Annual medical report 1932 2-11-1933 - 16-5-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543559, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 18, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "## Definitions\n\n'Cattle' means bulls, cows, oxen, heifers, calves and buffaloes.\n\n'Cockloft' includes any floor other than a ground floor and any platform or landing of a greater breadth than three feet and which has not a clear space of nine feet measured vertically above it.\n\n'Colonial Veterinary Surgeon' includes any veterinary surgeon or medical practitioner authorised by the Governor to perform the duties of the Colonial Veterinary Surgeon under this Ordinance and also any Assistant Colonial Veterinary Surgeon.\n\n'Common Lodging House' includes :-\n(a) Any house or part thereof or other structure where persons of the labouring, artisan or mechanical classes are received for short periods at an amount not exceeding fifty cents per day for each person whether the same be paid daily or otherwise, or where the same class of accommodation is furnished by an employer of workmen for his workmen or is paid for by subscription to a common fund.\n(b) Any emigration house or depot.\n(c) Any seamen's lodging house for asiatic seamen,\n(d) Any house or part of a house, not being a public hospital for the reception of sick or dying persons.\n(e) Any house where ten or more jinrickshaw pullers or chair coolies are lodged as tenants or subtenants of one landlord or lessee.\n\n'Council' means the Urban Council unless some other Council is indicated.\n\n'Cubicle' means any portion of a room partitioned off for the purpose of being used as a sleeping place.\n\n'Dairy' means and includes any farm house, cowshed, milk-store, milk shop or other place from which milk is supplied or in which milk is kept for the purposes of manufacture or sale.\n\n'Dairyman' includes any keeper of cows or buffaloes for the purpose of trade in milk, purveyor of milk, seller of milk, occupier of a dairy, employees engaged in the production or distribution of milk and in cases where a dairy is owned by a corporation or company the secretary or other person actually managing such dairy.\n\n'Dangerous trade' means any manufacturing process or handicraft in which lead, arsenic, mercury, phosphorus or any other poisonous substance whatsoever is used.\n\n'Domestic building' means any building constructed, used, or adapted to be used, wholly or partly, for human habitation, but does not include any building where caretakers only, not exceeding two in number, pass the night.\n\n'Drug' means any medicine for internal or external use.\n\n'Eating house' means a building or portion thereof used as an eating-house, coffee house, or other similar establishment where no intoxicating liquors are sold on the premises.\n\n## Further Definitions\n\n'External air' means the air of any space which is vertically open to the sky and unobstructed and which, when measured from and at right angles to the external surface of a wall, or where there is a verandah or balcony when measured from the external surface of such verandah or balcony, has a dimension of not less than thirteen feet throughout the extent of any window opening in such wall, and when measured parallel to the external surface of such wall, verandah or balcony and in a horizontal direction has a dimension of not less than seven feet.\n\n'Factory' means any premises or place wherein or within the close or curtilage or precincts of which any machinery other than machinery worked entirely by hand is used in aid of any industrial undertaking carried on in such premises or place.\n\n'Floor' includes any horizontal platform forming the base of any storey, and every joist, board, timber, stone, brick, or other substance, connected with and forming part of such platform.\n\n'Food' means any article used for food or drink other than drugs.\n\n'Health Officer' includes the Director of Medical and Sanitary Services, any medical officer appointed as a Health Officer by the Governor, and any officer for the time being performing the duties of a Health Officer.\n\n'Hill District' means any part of the island of Hong Kong above the 700 feet contour, except Chinese villages.\n\n'Householder' means the actual tenant or occupier of any building, or in cases where there is no such person, then the owner of such building, and, in the case of corporations, companies, and associations, the secretary or manager thereof.\n\n'Keeper of a Common Lodging-House' means any person licensed to keep a common lodging-house.\n\n'Latrine' includes 'privy', pail latrine and water closet.\n\n'Latrine accommodation' includes a receptacle for human excreta together with the structure comprising such receptacle and the fittings and the apparatus connected therewith.\n\n'Pail latrine' means latrine accommodation including a moveable receptacle for human excreta.\n\n'Mid-level District' means that portion of the City of Victoria which is situated on the southern or south-eastern boundary of a dividing line beginning from a point on the Pokfulum Road at No. 1 Bridge and passing along Pokfulum Road, High Street, Bonham Road and Caine Road as far as Ladder Street to Wing Lee Street, thence along Wing Lee Street and Pa Wa Street and bisecting Inland Lot 94, thence along the northern boundary of Inland Lots 100, 1086, 122 and 123, thence along Shelley Street and the northern boundary of Inland Lot 125 to Old Bailey, thence along Chancery Lane, Chancery Lane Steps, Wyndham Street, Lower Albert Road and Ice House Street, thence along Queen's Road Central and Queen's Road East to the Eastern Boundary of War Department land, thence along the Western boundary of Inland Lots 47A, 47 and 1211 until the line produced meets Monmouth...", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543572, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 31, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "## Closure of premises\n\n20\n\n(7) No cubicle or partition shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(8) No portion of the structure of any cubicle shall exceed six feet in height.\n\n(9) No portion of the structure of any cubicle except the necessary corner posts shall be nearer than two inches to the floor of such cubicle, and no structure shall be erected, or if already existing shall be allowed to remain, within any cubicle which is of a greater height than the maximum height allowed by this section for any portion of the structure of such cubicle or which provides a cover or roof to the cubicle.\n\n(10) All cubicles and partitions referred to in this section shall be constructed of wood, metal or other material approved by the Building Authority and shall be painted, whitewashed or otherwise kept clean to the satisfaction of the Urban Council.\n\nProvided that the Urban Council, with the consent of the Governor-in-Council, shall have power in all cases to grant a modification of or exemption from the requirements of this section upon such conditions, if any, as the Council may deem expedient.\n\n46. It shall be lawful for a magistrate, in his absolute discretion, to order the whole or any portion of any building containing unauthorised cubicles and partitions, or of any storey containing a cubicle or partition, which is contrary to the provisions of this Ordinance, to be forthwith closed and to remain closed until the alterations or removal required have been certified in writing by the Secretary to have been made and completed to the satisfaction of the Urban Council. Every person found living in any building or portion thereof so closed as aforesaid shall be deemed to have acted in contravention of this Ordinance and shall be punishable accordingly.\n\n47. It shall be lawful for a magistrate in any case in which it is proved to his satisfaction that any mezzanine floor, cockloft, cubicle, partition, or shop-division is not in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, to order either in addition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction thereof or of any portion thereof and no compensation shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done thereto by such demolition, removal and destruction.\n\n### Inadequate provision of latrine accommodation to be dealt with by the Council\n\n48. Should it appear to the Urban Council that any building or part of a building is without sufficient and proper latrine accommodation and that such accommodation is necessary for the use of the occupants of such building or for the use of the persons employed in such building, or that the existing latrine accommodation available for use by the occupants of any building or by the persons employed therein is insufficient, or for sanitary reasons objectionable, the owner of such building shall, upon receipt of a written notice to that effect from the Council, provide a latrine, or additional latrines, to the satisfaction of the Council and also of the Building Authority, to whom plans together with the said notice shall be submitted before work is commenced.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543598, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 57, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "## PUBLIC HEALTH (SANITATION) ORDINANCE, 1933\n\n### Table of Correspondence\n\nIn this table:\nA refers to Public Health and Buildings Ordinance 1903.\nB refers to Straits Settlements Municipal Ordinance.\nC refers to Federated Malay States Sanitary Board's Enactment.\n\nSections are indicated by plain numbers; by-laws by numbers with symbol b, as $b; rules by numbers with symbol r, as 3r.\n\n### Marginal Notes\n\n| Marginal Notes | Public Health (Sanitation) Ordinance 1933 | Corresponding Ordinance |\n| --- | --- | --- |\n| Short title | 1 | A5 |\n| Saving as to tenancy contracts | 2 | A5 |\n| Interpretation | 3 | A6 |\n| Author of nuisance | | A6 (2) |\n| Bake-house | | 6 (4) |\n| Balcony | | 6 (5) |\n| Basement | | 6 (6) |\n| Board | | New |\n| Building | | 6 (8) modified |\n| Building Authority | | |\n| Cattle | | |\n| Cockloft | | |\n| Colonial Veterinary Surgeon | | |\n| Common Lodging House | | |\n| Cubicle | | |\n| Dairy | | |\n| Dairyman | | 6 (19) do. |\n| Dangerous trade | | A6 (21) |\n| Department | | 6 (21A) |\n| Domestic building | | 6 (22) |\n| Drug | | 6 (28) |\n| Eating House | | New |\n| External air | | |\n| Factory | | 6 (29) |\n| Floor | | |\n| Food | | 6 (30) |\n| Health Officer | | 6 (32) |\n| Hill District | | 6 (33) |\n| Householder | | 6 (26) |\n| Latrine | | |\n| Latrine accommodation | | H.P.A. (A) A. 1907 definition |\n| Mid-level District | | 6 (34) |\n| Occupier | | A6 (43) |\n| Offensive trade | | A6 (44) |\n| Owner | | 6 (47) |\n| Pail latrine | | P.H.A. (A) A, 1907 definition of pail closet |\n| Person | | 6 (48) |\n| Premises | | 6 (48A) |\n| President | | 6 (49) |\n| Public Building | | 6 (50) modified |\n| Public Latrine | | A6 (38) |\n| Room | | |\n| Secretary | | |\n| Storey | | A6 (15A) |\n| Street | | A6 (15) modified |\n| Tenement | | B; C; 6 (18) modified |\n| Tenant | | 6 (56) |\n| Tenement House | | New |\n| Urban District | | 6 (57) modified |\n| Verandah | | 6 (58) |\n| Vessel | | 6 (59) |\n| Water closet | | P.H.A. (A) A, 1907 definition of water closet |\n| Window | | |\n| Works | | 6 (60A) |\n| Workshop | | 6 (61) |\n| Matters with regard to which the Board has power to make by-laws | 4 | A 16 |\n| By-laws subject to approval of Legislative Council | 5 | A17 |\n\n## Page 73", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543681, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 140, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "# \n3 \n\n## Building Definitions\n\n(8) **Building owner** means such one of the owners of adjoining land who is desirous of building, or such one of the owners of buildings, storeys, or rooms separated from one another by a party wall or party structure who does or is desirous of doing a work affecting that party wall or party structure.\n\n(9) **Cement** means Portland Cement.\n\n(10) **Cockloft** includes any floor other than a ground floor, and any platform or landing of a greater breadth than three feet and which has not a clear space of nine feet measured vertically above it.\n\n(11) **Cross Wall** means any wall not exposed to the outer air other than a partition wall, used or constructed to be used for separation of one part of any building from another part of the same building.\n\n(12) **Dangerous building** means a building in such a condition as to cause risk of injury either to the occupiers of such building or to the occupiers of any neighbouring building, or to passengers.\n\n(13) **Domestic building** means any building constructed, used, or adapted to be used, wholly or partly, for human habitation, but does not include any building where caretakers only, not exceeding two in number, pass the night.\n\n(14) **Exceptional building** includes (i) every public building, factory, workshop, bakery, brewery, distillery, pawnshop, every building intended for special uses, every building made wholly or partly of reinforced concrete, every building made wholly or partly of glass, iron or other material not provided for in this Ordinance, and (ii) every part of every building which is an exceptional building within the meaning of the first part of this paragraph.\n\n(15) **External air** means the air of any space which is vertically open to the sky and unobstructed and which, when measured from and at right angles to the external surface of a wall, or where there is a verandah or balcony when measured from the external surface of such verandah or balcony, has a dimension of not less than thirteen feet throughout the extent of any window opening in such wall, and when measured parallel to the external surface of such wall, verandah or balcony and in a horizontal direction has a dimension of not less than seven feet.\n\n(16) **External Wall** means an outer wall of any part of any building not being a party wall, even though adjoining to a wall of another building but does include any outer wall of a verandah projecting over a street.\n\n(17) **Factory** means any premises or place wherein or within the close or curtilage or precincts of which any machinery other than machinery worked entirely by hand is used in aid of any industrial undertaking carried on in such premises or place.\n\n(18) **Floor** includes any horizontal platform forming the base of any storey, and every joist, board, timber, stone, brick, or other substance, connected with and forming part of such platform.\n\n(19) **Hill-side** means the face of the natural hill, or the face of any scarp or retaining wall built to support the same, or any artificial filling in or terracing with earth behind such scarp or retaining wall, made with the object of supporting a street or forming a site for a building.\n\n(20) **Hill District** means any part of the island of Hong Kong above the 700-feet contour, except Chinese villages.\n\n(21) **Kowloon Point District** means that portion of Kowloon bounded on the South by Salisbury Road, on the North by Jordan Road and Gascoigne Road, on the East by Chatham Road and on the West by Nathan Road.\n\n(22) **Latrine, Laurine closet**, includes \"privy\" but not water closet.\n\n(23) **Main wall** means either an external or a party wall.\n\n(24) **Mid-level District** means that portion of the City of Victoria which is situated on the southern or south-eastern boundary of a dividing line beginning from a point on the Pokfulam Road at No. 1 Bridge and passing along Pokfulam Road, High Street, Bonham Road and Caine Road as far as Ladder Street to Wing Lee Street, thence along Wing Lee Street and Po Wa Street and bisecting Inland Lot 94, thence along the Northern boundary of Inland Lots 100, 1086, 122 and 123, thence along Shelley Street and the northern boundary of Inland Lot 125 to Old Bailey, thence along Chancery Lane, Lower Chancery Lane Steps, Wyndham Street, Albert Road and Ice House Street, thence along Queen's Road Central and Queen's Road East to the Eastern boundary of War Department land, thence along the Western boundary of Inland Lots 47A, 47 and 1211 until this line produced meets Monmouth Path, thence in a straight line to the North West corner of Inland Lot 2325, thence in a straight line to the North West corner of Inland Lot 1593 and thence along Stone Nullah Lane and Kennedy Road, terminating at the junction of Kennedy Road and Queen's Road East. The lateral boundaries to be formed by lines drawn southward from the beginning and termination of the aforesaid dividing line until they meet the Southern boundary of the City of Victoria.\n\nIt also includes any such other area or any modification of the said area as the Governor-in-Council may define and notify in the Gazette.\n\n(25) **New building** includes any building begun after the 26th February, 1903; and any then existing building thereafter or hereafter altered to such an extent as to necessitate the reconstruction of the whole of any two of its main walls or the removal of the roof and the reconstruction of at least one-half of each of any two of its main walls, whether at the same time or by instalments at different times; and any existing building raised to such an extent that its total height exceeds one and a half times the original height of the building. It also includes the conversion into a domestic building of any building not originally constructed for human habitation, and the conversion into more than one domestic building of a building originally constructed as one domestic building only and any existing building altered in such a manner as to form an additional storey, or the conversion into premises for separate occupation by different tenants, of any building originally constructed for one tenancy.\n\n(26) **Occupier** means any person in actual occupation of any premises.\n\n(27) **Owner** includes any person holding premises direct from the Crown, whether under lease, licence or otherwise and also any person for the time being receiving the rent of any premises, solely or as joint tenant, or tenant in common with others, or receiving the rent of any premises whether on his own behalf or that of any other person: and, where such owner as above defined cannot be found or ascertained or is absent from the Colony or is under disability, the agent...\n\nPage 140\nPage 141", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543688, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 147, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "# Certain spaces not to be used for habitation\n\n## Ventilation under boarded floors in the lowest storey\n\n## Rules as to cocklofts\n\n## Wooden floors to be water-tight\n\n## Cement skirtings required\n\n12\n\n(5) Bathrooms, water closets and latrines may be constructed so as to contain a clear space of only eight feet measured vertically.\n\n32. No building or part of a building which has a clear space of less than nine feet measured vertically shall be used for human habitation.\n\n33. Every person who shall erect a new domestic building shall construct every room in the lowest storey, if provided with a boarded floor, in such manner that there shall be, for the purpose of ventilation, between the underside of every joist on which such floor may be laid, and the upper surface of the concrete with which the ground surface or site of such building may be covered, a clear space of an average height of not less than two feet and six inches above the level of the ground outside, and he shall cause such space to be properly ventilated, any openings for such purpose being protected in such manner as effectually to exclude rats from such premises.\n\n34. (1) No cockloft shall be hereafter erected in any storey or room which is used for sleeping purposes nor shall a cockloft be erected in any storey of a domestic building other than the ground storey of such building.\n\n(2) No cockloft shall without the permission of the Building Authority extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room or exceed two hundred square feet in area and every cockloft shall have a clear space below every part of it of not less than nine feet measured vertically. No cockloft shall so obstruct any doorway or window opening into the external air as to prevent the same being opened to its full extent.\n\n(3) No portion of the space either above or below any cockloft shall be inclosed except by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(4) No cockloft shall be erected or if already existing be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(5) No cockloft shall be used for any purpose other than storage.\n\n(6) Every cockloft shall, unless the Building Authority shall otherwise permit, be supported directly from the ground by pillars or columns to the satisfaction of the Building Authority in such manner that no additional load is placed upon any wall of the building in which such cockloft is situated, provided that any existing cockloft, for which a permit in writing has been issued by the Sanitary Board or Building Authority, shall be allowed to remain, subject to the conditions of such permit.\n\n25. All wooden floors hereafter constructed shall be properly tongued and grooved or otherwise jointed so as to be reasonably water-tight.\n\n36. The floors of all domestic buildings hereafter erected shall, unless specially exempted by the Building Authority, have skirtings of cement or of other impervious material approved by the Building Authority, at least nine inches in height and of a thickness of not less than one inch.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543732, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 191, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "# GENERAL INDEX\n## 70-71\n\n- General Index,—Continued.\n\n## A.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| ACCESS; to buildings for inspection | 129 |\n| to open spaces | 89 |\n| ADDITIONS; to buildings | 128 |\n| ADJOINING OWNER; interpretation of | 4(1) |\n| Rights of | |\n| ALTERATIONS; to buildings | 138-156, 128 |\n| APPEAL; to Governor in Council | 166-170 |\n| APPLICATION; of Ordinance | 172 |\n| ARBITRATION | 153-156 |\n| ARCHITECTURE, rules as to types of | 109 |\n\n## B.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| BACKYARD; ground surface of | 82 |\n| BALCONY: Interpretation of | 4(2) |\n| Rules as to | 29, 40 |\n| Obstructions in | 47, 48 |\n| Undertaking with regard to | |\n| Regulations of | 51 (Schedule B) |\n| BATHROOMS; clear vertical height in | 6(4) |\n| BASEMENT: Interpretation of | 4(5) |\n| Light to | 51, 52, 53, 58 |\n| thickness of walls | 58 (Schedule A), Schedule C |\n| BEARING; for floors | 30, 31(5) |\n| BLASTING | 15 |\n| BLOCK PLAN | 29 |\n| BLUE BRICKS | 117, 118 |\n| BOND TIMBERS | 90, 125(c) |\n| BONDING for Walls | 4(6) |\n\n## C.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| CEILINGS; | 39 |\n| CEMENT: Interpretation of | 4(9) |\n| CERTIFICATE completion | 110, Schedule K |\n| CHIMNEYS; for reinforced concrete | 46, 61, 62, 64-67, 106-108 |\n| CHINESE Domestic Building | 4(10), 34 |\n| COCKLOFT; | 93(2) |\n| COMPENSATION; for disallowing re-erection | 153-156 |\n| Claims for | 25 |\n| CONCRETING of ground surfaces | |\n| AREAS; between building and hill-side | 82 |\n| Structures in | 84 |\n| CONTRACTS tenancy | 3 |\n| Sub-soil drainage of | |\n| Encroaching on streets | 83 |\n| AUTHOR of a nuisance: interpretation of | |\n| AUTHORIZED Architect, interpretation of | 4(7) |\n| CONTRAVENTIONS: Interpretation of (see Penalties) | 157 |\n| CORBELLING; | 4(11) |\n| CORNICES; | 14, 5 |\n| CROSS WALL; Interpretation of | 4(3) |\n| Thickness of | |\n\n## D.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| DAMP PROOF COURSES | 16 |\n| DANGEROUS BUILDINGS: Interpretation of | 1(12), 111-114, 129 |\n| Shoring of, etc. | 31, 85 |\n| DETACHED BUILDING; | 4(20), (21), (24) |\n| DISTRICT; Hill, Mid-level, Kowloon Point | 4(13) |\n| DOMESTIC BUILDING: Interpretation of | 49 |\n| DOWN-PIPES | 97-105 |\n| DRAINAGE; Works | Schedule H |\n| Building over | 121 |\n| Interference with existing | 124, 125 |\n\n## E.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| EARTH: Cutting | 10, 45 |\n| EAVES, Gutters | 23, 19 |\n| ENCROACHMENTS on Crown Land | 169 |\n| ENTRY and inspection of buildings | 94 |\n| EXCAVATIONS, Lighting of | 24 |\n| EXCEPTIONAL Building. Interpretation of | 4(6) |\n| Construction of | 128 |\n| EXEMPTIONS | 106-108, 111-114, 129 |\n| EXTERNAL AIR, Interpretation of | 70-73, 106-109 |\n| EXTERNAL WALL, Interpretation of | 4(18), 125(9) |\n\n## F.\n\n| Topic | Section |\n| --- | --- |\n| FACTORY; Interpretation of | 4(17) |\n| FALL, of ground surfaces | 25(2) |\n| FIRE ESCAPES | 59, 61-63 |\n| FIRE PLACES | 4(18) |\n| FLOORS: Interpretation of | 29 |\n| Bearing for | 25 |\n| Impermeable | 27 |\n| Level of ground | 31, 32 |\n| Space between | 35 |\n| To be water-tight | |\n| To rest on corbells | 29 |\n| Ventilation under | 33 |\n| FOUNDATIONS; Construction of | 17 |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 543735, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "page_number": 194, "title": "CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934", "content_text": "## General Index,—Continued.\n\n## TABLE OF CORRESPONDENCE\n\n| Remarks | Party | T. | S, Continued. |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| STONES; Removal of | | 119 | 4 (35) |\n| STOREY; Interpretation of | | 11 | (proviso 3) |\n| Height of | | 30, 31, 95(6) | |\n| STORM water-channels | | 57 | |\n| STOVES; Floor under | | 90 | |\n| STREET, Interpretation of | | 116 | Schedule D |\n| Width of | | 4 (29) | |\n| Private | | | |\n| STRUCTURES; Inflammable | | | |\n| SECTION | Buildings Ordinance 1932 | Ordinance No. 1 of 1903 | |\n| | 1 | 1 | 2 |\n| | 4 | 121-124 | 3 |\n| | 20 | 5 | 63 |\n| | 4 (36) | 4 (1) | |\n| | 4 (1) | 6 (1) | (2) |\n| | 6 (1) | (2) | (3) |\n| | (2) | (3) | \"a\" substituted for \"the\" |\n| | (3) | (4) | (4) |\n| | (4) | (5) | (5) |\n| TENANCY Contracts | 3 | | |\n| TENANT, Interpretation of | 4 (37) | | |\n| TENEMENT, Interpretation of | 4 (38) | \"to an average added. the floor level\" | |\n| TIE Rods | | (5) | (6) |\n| TIMBER Stores | 13 (3) | 119 | |\n| TYPE-plans | 172 (3) | 106-109 | |\n| TYPES of Architecture | | **garage and hoarding** added. | (6) |\n| | | | (8) |\n| | | | (7) |\n| | | | (9) |\n| | | Deleted. | (10) |\n| V | | | (8) |\n| | | | (11) |\n| VENTILATION, of Buildings | 70 | 33 | |\n| under floors | | (9) | (13) |\n| VERANDAH, Interpretation of | 4 (39) | 58 | |\n| Obstruction in | | A definition of \"Cockloft\" substituted | Schedules A & C |\n| Regulations | | for that of \"Mezzanine floor\" which has been deleted. | 51-55 |\n| Rules as to | | Re-drafted to exclude the walls of a central yard. | |\n| | | (10) | (38) |\n| WALLS: Interpretation of | 4 (40) | | (11) |\n| Cross | 4 (11) | | (17) |\n| External | 4 (16) | | |\n| Main | 4 (23) | | (20) |\n| Partition | 4 (28) | | (14) |\n| Party | 4 (30) | | (16) |\n| | | | (22) |\n| Blue bricks | 10 | | (24) |\n| Bonding of | | 29 | |\n| Boundary or fence | 19 | 13, 14 | |\n| Cross | | Deleted and a definition of \"Mid-level District\" substituted. | |\n| Damp-proof courses for | | | |\n| External | 16 | \"seven\" substituted for \"five\" | 99 |\n| | | (15) | (25) |\n| Foundations for | | 11, 13(3) | (16) |\n| Hollow | 17 | Re-drafted to exclude \"vertical enclosure\" and \"cross wall or other partition\" which have their own definition. | (26) |\n| Lath and plaster | | 22 | |\n| Hoop iron courses for | 1 | 13 | 6 |\n| Limitation of length of | | Redrafted to conform with No. 27 of 1932, s. 2. | 10 |\n| Materials for | | | |\n| Mortar for | 23 | | |\n| Partition | 15 | | (27) |\n| Party | 20, 188-152 | | |\n| Retaining | 18 | | |\n| Tie-rods for | | Re-drafted to include hand machinery.. | (28) |\n| WATER-closets | 18 (3) | 75-81 | Schedule H. |\n| | | (19) | (29) |\n| WEEP-Holes | 18 | | (20) |\n| Required | | | |\n| WOOD Plates | | | |\n| WELLS. | 9, Schedule D | 35 | |\n| WINDOWS, Interpretation of | 4(42), 125(9) | Schedule F | |\n| Obstruction to | 120 | 4 (41) | (21) |\n| | | (31) | (32) |\n| WOOD work near flues | 69, 70, 73 | 74 | |\n| WOODEN Buildings | | Added | (22) |\n| Floors | 45 | 46 | \"but not water closet\" added |\n| WORKS. Interpretation of | | (35) | (85) |\n| Notice of intention to commence.. | | Deleted | (38) | \n## Page 254", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-545-9 Proposed reorganisation of medical and sanitary services 2-11-1933 - 10-1-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546359, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-6 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- request review of trial and exercise of prerogative of mercy... 22-11-1934 - 21-12-1934", "page_number": 27, "title": "CO129-550-6 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- request review of trial and exercise of prerogative of mercy... 22-11-1934 - 21-12-1934", "content_text": "THE HONG KONG WEEKLY PRESS & August 9, 1934 NULLAH OUTRAGE SEQUEL\n\nfor the light which filters through these manholes, and on a dull day it is very dark inside. Along the east side of the nullah from the southernmost end, there is a pipe of cable covered with concrete, making a sort of ridge. It makes a good hand grip. Ptes. McCarthy and Simons came by that side. Simmons was leading and keeping his hand on this pipe and as he came up between the second grating on the first manhole, he felt a man standing against the wall facing downward into the nullah. He spoke to the man but received no reply. He seized the man with the assistance of McCarthy. The man struggled and bit Simmons on the wrist.\n\nAnd subsequent immersion ... 22 and in it was found certain letters. One was signed under the name of Ng Yik San.\n\nCounsel's Objection\n\nAs Mr. Fraser was going to read the letter, Mr. Lim raised an objection saying that it would prejudice the case in the eyes of the public, but on Mr. Hamilton requesting the Press not to publish the contents, Mr. Lim waived his objection.\n\nAfter reading the letters, Mr. Fraser went on to say that the police identification parade held later and the accused was picked up by Mary Pine as the man who threw her over and by Mrs. Fairburn as the man she saw throwing the children into the nullah. After a lapse of some time, Pte. Linton and Sergeant Geywood of the R.A.O.C. arrived. Geywood had followed Linton into the nullah with an electric torch. The man was still struggling furiously. Each of the four men took an arm and a leg and frog-marched him along the nullah. The man still continued to struggle and once actually got one hand free. All the time, the witnesses will say, he was hanging his head down in the water. He went limp and lost consciousness just as they reached the part of the nullah which goes into the outer air. Someone got a rope and the man was hoisted up the bank.\n\nAttempt to Escape\n\nHe was given artificial respiration, the police was called and he was taken to the hospital. There he was examined and found to have been drinking. His leg was found to have been injured and it was put in a plaster of Paris splint. He was identified as the accused. While in hospital, he had removed the splint.\n\nLater on July 9, he was charged and in reply, he said \"I was drunk. I was unconscious and had a wound.\"\n\nAccused's Movements\n\nEnquiries into his movements show that he arrived in the Colony from Swatow on June 21, bringing with him a rattan suitcase. He said at the time that he was going to Singapore but that he had been cheated and had been put on a wrong boat and brought to Hongkong. He was then dressed in a cream-coloured jacket and dark trousers and was wearing a rather unusual type of straw hat. He slept in the cockloft of a shop where he had previously been employed. He took his morning meal on June 22 at the shop but was missed later on in the afternoon.\n\nRegardless of whether the accused is the man who did this act or not, concluded Mr. Fraser, attention should be called to the gallantry and absolute disregard of safety, shown by those people who took part in the rescue. There was great promptness and very great gallantry shown by a number of people.\n\nMedical Evidence\n\nMedical evidence was then given by Dr. D. J. Valentine of the Government Civil Hospital who said that at 3.45 p.m. on June 22, a British boy named Michael Pine, aged eight, was admitted to the hospital. He was suffering from concussion, being unconscious, and the effects of immersion. He had wounds about the head, and considerable bruising around the forehead. There were bruisings over both knees. He was given treatment, but he never recovered consciousness and died at 6.10 p.m. the same day.\n\nMr. Fraser: Who came with Michael Pine to the hospital?\n\nDr. Valentine: I don't know who actually accompanied him when he arrived. I saw him immediately he was taken to the ward.\n\nDid you see Pte. O'Kelly?--Not that I know of. The boy was actually in the ward when I saw him.\n\nContinuing his evidence, Dr. Valentine said that on the following day, the boy was identified by his father, Mr. T. H. J. Pine.\n\nA post-mortem examination was performed and he found that, apart from the wounds which he had already described, the skull had been fractured at the back. The cause of death was a fractured skull.\n\nMr. Fraser: Were the injuries found such as would be compatible with the child's fall into a stone-paved nullah from a height of, say ten feet?\n\nDr. Valentine: Yes.\n\nAccused's Condition\n\nMr. Fraser: You saw the accused before?--Yes. At 4.15 on June 22 I was called into the receiving room to see another person who fell into the nullah. I went there and saw the accused was suffering from the effects of immersion and a number of injuries which consisted mainly of lacerations and contusions. It was discovered later that there was a fracture on the right side. He was in a dazed condition. He would not answer any question. His breath smelled of alcohol and all he would say was in Chinese, words to this effect \"I am drunk.\"\n\nAsked by His Worship what exact Chinese words were used by the accused, Dr. Valentine replied \"Yam Chau\" (drink wine).\n\nDr. Valentine then went on to say that the accused had bruising on the left side of the head.\n\nMr. Fraser: What happened on July 6th? On that day there were three prisoners in the prison ward, including the accused. I visited the ward about 7 p.m. and the accused was not in his bed. I went straight to the bathroom and found him in a peculiar position, half in and half out of the bath.\n\nMr. Fraser: Did you notice anything peculiar about him at this time?--Apart from what I have mentioned, no.\n\nIn fact, the other two men escaped?--Yes, between 7.30 and 8.45, about half an hour after my visit.\n\nWhen did you see the accused again after the escape?--Immediately the alarm was given. I was informed and I went down to the ward. I found the accused lying in his bed. I then discovered that his plaster of Paris had been removed. I also discovered that it had been soaked off in water. He could walk with the splint on and off.\n\nSound in Mind\n\nHave you kept any observation on the accused with a view of finding his mental condition?--Yes. All the time he was in hospital, I used to converse with him. The result of my observation was that, in my opinion, he was sound in mind.\n\nAll the time he has been in hospital?--Yes.\n\nCross-examined by Mr. Lim, Dr. Valentine said that he was not the only doctor who looked after the accused while he was in hospital. Dr. Thomas also treated him.\n\nMr. Lim: Were you the first to attend the accused when he was brought into the hospital?--Dr.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-6 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- request review of trial and exercise of prerogative of mercy... 22-11-1934 - 21-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546474, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "page_number": 106, "title": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "content_text": "-16- \n\n109\n\nYip Teo dd xd.Fraser.\n\nCoolie G.C.H.\n\nOn 22nd June on duty in prisoners ward.\n\nC\n\nI remember accused coming in bed No.94.\n\nYellow jacket and dark trousers like 6 and 9.\n\nSinglet like 11.\n\nClothing all wet.\n\nI found them on the floor of the ward, and dried them and put them in the store marked 94.\n\nI found the clothing in the bathroom on the floor.\n\nBathroom is next to the ward.\n\nAccused saw the clothing before I put it away.\n\nHe nodded his head.\n\n\"94\" in English figures.\n\nNo objection.\n\nYip Men dd. xd.Fraser.\n\nWard boy G.C.H.\n\nI remember S.I.O'Donovan coming to hospital.\n\nI gave him a bundle of clothing marked \"94\" in English figures.\n\nI got the bundle in the store.\n\nNo objection.\n\nWong Hu Kat ad. xd.Fraser.\n\nAccountant Swatow Drawn Thread Work Co. Pedder Street.\n\nI know accused. He comes from Swatow and talks Chu Chow. It is quite different from Cantonese.\n\nFour years ago he was employed in our firm for several months.\n\nHe was dismissed.\n\nI didn't see him again till 21st June.\n\nThat day about 10 a.m. he came to our shop.\n\nHe had a yellowish jacket like 6 and dark trousers like 9.\n\nRound straw hat like 5.\n\nI didn't notice if he had shoes on or not.\n\nHe had a rattan basket like Ex.8.\n\nWe had a conversation.\n\nHe said he wanted to go to Singapore and he borrowed $10 there for his fare, but he was cheated of $5 before he started his voyage in Swatow.\n\nHe told me he had paid $3 for his passage.\n\nI don't remember his saying how much money he had when he arrived. He said he was driven ashore as he hadn't enough money for his fare to Singapore.\n\nHe was full of sorrow and very unhappy at being cheated.\n\nThat night he slept in a cockloft in rear of premises.\n\nNext day he had morning meal with us a little after 9 a.m.\n\nAt the latest it would be 10 a.m.\n\nNo wine was served at the meal.\n\nAccused has younger brother in the shop Ng Loi Yum.\n\nAccused kept his basket in cockloft.\n\nNineteen employees in shop.\n\nAll of them had access to cockloft.\n\nNo recollection.\n\nWong Kan ad. xi. Fraser.\n\nLance Sergeant C.526\n\nCentral Police Station.\n\nOn 23rd June I went to Swatow shop in Pedder Street.\n\nI went there with Sergt.197 and Ng Yik Mei.\n\nI went to get property of accused.\n\nWhen we got to the shop Ng Yik Hei went first and we followed. He went to cockloft and gave us this basket (Ext.8)", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546493, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "page_number": 125, "title": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "content_text": "128\n\nperson at the hospital.\n\n-76- 17.\n\nThere are two avenues of approach to this side of the case which have to be explored. Are you satisfied that the accused was attempting suicide at that moment? It seemed to me as I listened to Learned Counsel for Accused's excellent speech that it was accepted that the accused had made up his mind to commit suicide. You will remember that was his defence, his excuse, his palliation before the Magistrate \"I have no money, therefore I commit suicide.\"\n\nThe other avenue is the letters.\n\nIt is a grave matter and it is a matter on which I am obliged to claim your indulgence for a few moments.\n\nYou will recollect that this basket which was brought by the accused to the shop on the 21st June was handed out of the cockloft in which accused put it, by an employee of the shop on 23rd and in that basket when it was examined at the police station, these three letters were found.\n\nThe three letters are written on what I think I may call characteristic note-paper of which seven other sheets were also found in the basket.\n\nThe Crown ask you to accept on that evidence, remembering also the dramatic incident when the Magistrate was out of Court, where the accused having a soiled singlet on and wanting a clean one turned to Inspector O'Donovan and said \"Pei ngo\" that the accused admits ownership of the basket.\n\nThe Crown case is here is a man who was attempting to be disappointed and despondent. We know he made up his mind to commit suicide. We go further and we say that he was of that antisocial turn of mind which gives its adherence to pernicious doctrines such as these in these letters. The Crown don't say - \"Although the three characters on the letter dated December 1933 and marked 7-C are the three characters representing one of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546494, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "page_number": 126, "title": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "content_text": "129\n\n-17. 18.\n\nthe aliases of the accused, the accused wrote that letter.\n\nThe Crown don't mind whether he wrote it or not, but what they do say and are entitled to say is that it is obvious from the obvious fact that the accused has seen fit to keep them in his basket for a period of six months, that is the period between the date of the letter 7-C and the date we are considering, that accused had seen fit to include them in his basket when he left Swatow for Singapore, he must reasonably be held to have attached considerable importance to them. That is all the Crown say.\n\nThe defence on the other hand say, no lock on this basket. 19 employees in the Swatow Drawn Workshop all having access to the cockloft in which this basket was placed. At any time after the accused went out sometime in the morning of 22nd, any one of these 19 employees, or any other evilly disposed person might have walked in there, opened the basket and carefully inserted in it seven blank sheets of note paper and three sheets on which these were written.\n\nThere is one thing that must occur to us. If the letters are not the accused's why has he not told us so? Why has he not said \"I want to tell you about those letters. I never had any such thing in my basket\"? Why not come along and say some enemy has done this thing, but not a word.\n\nIt is possible that some evilly disposed person may have planted these things in the accused's basket, going even to the length of dating one of them and putting the three characters on them. It is equally possible that the accused may have attached some importance to them some time ago and may have outlived these indiscretions. What the Crown ask you to do is to believe that he attached some importance to them because he still had them with him.\n\nLet me remind you as to what these letters really say, remembering always that they are lettered 7-A, 7-B, and 7-C, there is no means of saying which came first and which came", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546525, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "page_number": 157, "title": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "content_text": "P.25.\n\n160\n\nSingapore.\n\nI noticed nothing unusual in his appearance.\n\nHe did not eat the evening meal with us. He slept in the Company's shop in the rear cockloft. I don't know if he slept alone.\n\nHe took the morning meal with me on 22nd June. I noticed that he was not there in the evening after the evening meal. We have our morning meal about 9 o'clock. No one drank any wine at that meal. I cannot recognise his writing. On 21st July I went to the Police Station, no, I cannot be sure of the exact day. I was shown four different hats made of straw. I picked out a hat that looked like the type of hat worn by accused. It was like this Ex. V.\n\nNo X X.\n\n2.26.\n\nCheng Kam, dec., ds:-\n\nsd. Wong Shu Kat.\n\nsd. E.W. Hamilton, P.M.\n\nI am a public chair coolie and live at 8 Telegraph Street ground floor. I was at the Chair coolies' shelter on 22nd June 1934. I was standing there when I saw a girl under the railway bridge by the nullah. I heard cries from her. I went down to the nullah and pulled her out. Li Fuk assisted me in rescuing her, and we handed her to the European Tramway inspector.\n\nX X. Mr. Lim.\n\nWhen I heard the cries I went at once. A lady was calling me from the other side. I cannot recognise her.\n\nsd. Cheng Kam.\n\nsa. E.W. Hamilton, P.M.\n\nHau Luk, dec., ds:- I am a fitter employed by Peak Tramway and I reside at Lower Peak Tram House. On the afternoon of 22nd June 1934, I was at work in the store. I heard a\n\nP.27.\n\nthe 22nd of June\n\nchild crying, it was just after the rain was over, about 3 p.m. or after. I went out - I saw a boy down in the nullah - just below the bridge next to the railway bridge. He was on the other side of the nullah. I jumped in and got him out. I gave him to a European soldier.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 546541, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "page_number": 173, "title": "CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934", "content_text": "Page 70\n\nPage 71\n\nPage 72\n\n176\n\nDrawn Threadwork Co. with 4\n\n197.\n\nOn arrival there I received\n\nthis basket Ex.VIII. I asked a man called Ng Yik Mei for\n\nit.\n\nMy intention was to get the deft's effects and that is\n\nwhat I asked for. This was given me. It was produced from\n\nI took it up to the police station and there\n\nthe cock-loft.\n\nI opened it in the detective office in the presence of a.197.\n\nThe contents are now the same as when I opened it, but these\n\nletters Ex.VII a,b, & c were also in it. I handed these\n\nletters to S.I. Donovan.\n\nX X. Lim. Ng Yik Mei accompanied us to the shop from the\n\nstation. I went with him to get all the effects of the Deft.\n\nI saw him take the basket from the cock-loft but I cannot\n\nsay where the basket was in the cockloft. I cannot say if\n\nanyone could have got at it or not. I saw Ng Yik Mei go up\n\nto the cockloft. He had not to open any door.\n\nRe-ex. Fraser. The cockloft is at the back of the shop.\n\nBefore I went I did not know what I was going to get.\n\nsd. Wong Kan.\n\nsd. E.W. Hamilton, P.M.\n\nThomas Ross Hunter, L.4.197, sworn, ds:- I am detective\n\nSergt. and on 22nd June I was stationed at Central Police\n\nStation. On 22nd June in consequence of a report I started\n\nto make enquiries in the case of Michael Pine and as a result\n\non 23rd June I went to the Swatow Drawn Work shop in Pedder\n\nSt. along with last witness. I went with a man Ng Loi Hin.\n\nHe has two other names one of which is Ng Yik Mei. I saw this\n\nbasket Ex.VIII handed to the last witness. It was brought\n\nfrom the cockloft of the servants quarters at the back of the\n\nshop. Ng Yik Mei brought it. I accompanied last witness to\n\nCentral. I was present at the identification of Michael Pine\n\nin the Hospital Mortuary at 9.30 a.m. on 23rd June I saw\n\nDeft in the Prison Ward on 22nd June.\n\nX X. Lim. I did not investigate the contents of the basket", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-550-7 Rex v. Ng Loi Yuen- appeal to Privy Council 1-1-1934 - 31-12-1934.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549280, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "page_number": 8, "title": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "content_text": "General Index,—Continued.\n\nC,—Continued.\n\nfor reinforced concrete\n\nCERTIFICATE completion\n\nCHIMNEYS;\n\nCHINESE Domestic Building\n\nCOCKLOFT;\n\nCOMPENSATION; for disallowing re-\n\nerection\n\nClaims for\n\nCONCRETING of ground surfaces\n\nCONTRACTS tenancy\n\nCONTRAVENTIONS; Interpretation of\n\n(see Penalties)\n\nCORBELLING;\n\nCORNICES;\n\nCROSS WALL; Interpretation of\n\nThickness of\n\nD.\n\nDAMP PROOF COURSES\n\nDANGEROUS BUILDINGS; Interpretation of\n\nShoring of, etc....\n\nDETACHED BUILDING;\n\nDISTRICT; Hill, Mid-level, Kowloon Point\n\nDOMESTIC BUILDING; Interpretation of\n\nDOWN-PIPES\n\nDRAINAGE; Works\n\nRegulations\n\nBuilding over\n\nInterference with existing\n\nDRAWINGS;\n\nE.\n\nSECTION\n\n116 Schedule B.\n\n54, 66, 67, 69-72\n\n7-9\n\n4 (12), 42\n\n92 (2)\n\n148-151\n\n31\n\n3\n\n152\n\n35\n\n55, 56\n\n4 (13)\n\n20\n\n22\n\n22\n\n4 (14)\n\n117-120, 124\n\n40, 82\n\n4 (22) (23) (27)\n\n4 (15) 52\n\n101-109 Schedule J.\n\n110\n\n113\n\n6\n\nEARTH: Cutting\n\nEAVES, Gutters\n\nENCROACHMENTS on Crown Land\n\nENTRY and inspection of buildings\n\nEXCAVATIONS, Lighting of\n\nEXCEPTIONAL Building, Interpretation of\n\n123 Schedule M.\n\n52, 56 Schedule J (26)\n\n58\n\n124\n\nSchedule J (4)\n\n4 (16) and 88 (5)\n\nConstruction of\n\n13-15\n\nEXEMPTIONS\n\n160, 164, 165\n\nEXTERNAL AIR, Interpretation of\n\nEXTERNAL WALL, Interpretation of\n\n4 (17)\n\n4 (18)\n\nF.\n\nFACTORY; Interpretation of\n\nFALL, of ground surfaces\n\nFIRE ESCAPES\n\nFIRE PLACES\n\nFLOORS; Interpretation of\n\nBearing for\n\nImpermeable\n\nLevel of ground\n\nSpace between\n\nTo be water-tight\n\nTo rest on corbells\n\nVentilation under\n\nFOUNDATIONS; Construction of\n\n4 (19) 31 (2)\n\n45\n\n64, 66-68\n\n4 (20) 35\n\n31\n\n33\n\n34\n\n37\n\n35\n\n36\n\n23\n\n8", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549300, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "content_text": "28 \n\nJ \n\nBasement. \n\nBuild. \n\nBuilding. \n\nBuilding Authority. \n\nBuilding owner. \n\nBuilding works, \n\nCement. \n\nCockloft. \n\nCrosa wall. \n\nDangerous building. \n\nDomestic building. \n\nExceptional building. \n\nExternal air. \n\n(5) \"Basement\" means any cellar, vault, or underground room or any room any side of which abuts on or against the earth or soil to an average height exceeding 2 feet above the floor level. \n\n(6) \"Build\" includes carry on works. \n\n(7) \"Building\" includes any part of a domestic building, house, school, shop, factory, workshop, bakery, brewery, distillery, pawnshop, warehouse, godown, place of secure stowage, verandah, balcony, kitchen, latrine, gallery, chimney, arch, bridge, stair, column, floor, out-house, stable, shed, pier, wharf, fence, wall, roof, covered way, canopy, kiosk, sunshade, garage, well, piling, septic tank, cow-shed and hoarding. \n\n(8) \"Building Authority\" means the Director of Public Works or such other person as the Governor in Council may appoint to give effect to the provisions of this Ordinance. \n\n(9) \"Building owner\" means such one of the owners of adjoining land who is desirous of building, or such one of the owners of buildings, storeys, or rooms, separated from one another by a party wall or party structure who does or is desirous of doing a work affecting that party wall or party structure. \n\n(10) \"Building works\" includes any building construction, site formation, repairs, alterations, additions and every kind of building operation whatsoever. \n\n(11) \"Cement\" means Portland Cement. \n\n(12) \"Cockloft\" includes any floor other than a ground floor, and any platform or landing of a greater breadth than three feet and which has not a clear space of nine feet measured vertically above it. \n\n(13) \"Cross wall\" means any wall not exposed to the outer air other than a partition wall, used or constructed to be used for separation of one part of any building from another part of the same building. \n\n(14) \"Dangerous building\" means a building in such a condition as to cause risk of injury either to the occupiers or users of such building or to the occupiers or users of any neighbouring building, or to passengers. \n\n(15) \"Domestic building\" means any building constructed, used, or adapted to be used, wholly or partly, for human habitation, but does not include any building where caretakers only, not exceeding two in number, pass the night. \n\n(16) \"Exceptional building\" includes (i) every public building, factory, workshop, bakery, brewery, distillery, pawnshop, every building intended for special uses, every building made wholly or partly of reinforced concrete, every building made wholly or partly of glass, iron or other material not provided for in this Ordinance, and (ii) every part of every building which is an exceptional building within the meaning of the first part of this paragraph. \n\n(17) \"External air\" means the air of any space which is vertically open to the sky and unobstructed and which, (when measured from and at right angles to the external surface of a wall, or where there is a verandah or balcony when measured from the external surface of such verandah or balcony), has a dimension of not less than thirteen feet throughout the extent of any window opening in such wall, and which (when measured parallel to the external surface of such wall, verandah or balcony and in a horizontal direction) has a dimension of not less than seven feet. \n\n(18) \"External Wall\" means an outer wall of any part of any building not being a party wall, even though adjoining to a wall of another building but does include any outer wall of a verandah projecting over a street. \n\n(19) \"Factory\" means any premises or place wherein or within the close or curtilage or precincts of which any machinery other than machinery worked entirely by hand is used in aid of any industrial undertaking carried on in such premises or place. \n\n(20) \"Floor\" includes any horizontal platform forming the base of any storey, and every joist, board, timber, stone, brick, or other substance, connected with and forming part of such platform. \n\n(21) \"Hill-side\" means the face of the natural hill, or the face of any scarp or retaining wall built to support the same, or any artificial filling in or terracing with earth behind such scarp or retaining wall, made with the object of supporting a street or forming a site for a building. \n\n(22) \"Hill District\" means any part of the island of Hong Kong above the 700-feet contour. \n\n(23) \"Kowloon Point District\" means that portion of Kowloon bounded on the South by Salisbury Road, on the North by Jordan Road and Gascoigne Road, on the East by Chatham Road and on the West by Nathan Road. \n\n(24) \"Latrine\" includes privy, pail latrine, water closet and urinal. \n\n(25) \"Latrine accommodation\" includes a receptacle for human excreta, together with the structure comprising such receptacle and the fittings and the apparatus connected therewith. \n\n(26) \"Main wall\" means either an external or a party wall. \n\n(27) \"Mid-level District\" means that portion of the City of Victoria which is situated on the southern or south-eastern boundary of a dividing line beginning from a point on the Pokfulam Road at No. 1 Bridge and passing along Pokfulam Road, High Street, Bonham Road and Caine Road as far as Ladder Street to Wing Lee Street, thence along Wing Lee Street and Po Wa Street and bisecting Inland Lot 94, thence along the Northern boundary of Inland Lots 100, 1086, 122 and 123, thence along Shelley Street and the northern boundary of Inland Lot 125 to Old Bailey, thence along Chancery Lane, Chancery Lane Steps, Wyndham Street, Lower Albert Road and Ice House Street, thence along Queen's Road Central and Queen's Road East to the Eastern boundary of War Department land, thence along the Western boundary of Inland Lots 47A, 47 and 1211 until this line produced meets Monmouth Path, thence in a straight line to \n\n29", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549312, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "page_number": 40, "title": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "content_text": "44\n\nCement skirtings required.\n\nSpace to be left between floors.\n\nHeight of storeys in certain buildings.\n\nCertain spaces not to be used for habitation.\n\nRules as to cocklofts.\n\n18\n\n38. The floors of all domestic buildings hereafter erected shall, unless specially exempted by the Building Authority, have skirtings of cement or of other impervious material approved by the Building Authority, at least nine inches in height and of a thickness of not less than one inch.\n\nHeight of Storeys.\n\n39.-(1) In the case of every domestic building hereafter erected, the lowest storey used or adapted to be used for human habitation shall contain a clear space of at least eleven feet, measured vertically, and every upper storey shall contain a clear space of at least ten feet measured vertically: Provided nevertheless that in the case of caretakers' quarters, servants' quarters, kitchen and pantry a clear space of at least nine feet measured vertically, and in the case of any bathroom, latrine and water closet, a clear space of at least eight feet measured vertically shall be sufficient.\n\n40. (1) In this section-\n\n\"Semi-detached\" has the same meaning as in section 82.\n\n(2) This section shall apply only to domestic buildings erected after the 24th day of June, 1920.\n\n(3) In detached and semi-detached buildings, and in any building exempted by the Building Authority every storey shall, subject to sub-sections (4) and (5), contain a clear space of at least nine feet, six inches measured vertically.\n\n(4) Caretakers' quarters, servants' quarters, kitchens and pantries may be constructed so as to contain a clear space of only nine feet measured vertically.\n\n(5) Bathrooms and latrines may be constructed so as to contain a clear space of only eight feet measured vertically.\n\n41. No building or part of a building which has a clear space of less than nine feet measured vertically shall be used for human habitation.\n\nCocklofts.\n\n42.-(1) No cockloft shall be hereafter erected in any storey or room which is used for sleeping purposes nor shall a cockloft be erected in any storey of a domestic building other than the ground storey of such building.\n\n(2) No cockloft shall without the permission of the Building Authority extend over more than one half of the floor area of the room or exceed two hundred square feet in area and every cockloft shall have a clear space below every part of it of not less than nine feet measured vertically.\n\n(3) No cockloft shall so obstruct any doorway or window opening into the external air as to prevent the same being opened to its full extent nor shall any cockloft or stair leading to the cockloft be erected nearer than four feet to such doorway or window unless with the permission of the Building Authority.\n\n19\n\n(4) No cockloft shall, without the permission of the Building Authority, be hereafter erected in any domestic building which exceeds forty feet in depth.\n\n(5) No portion of the space either above or below any cockloft shall be inclosed except by wire netting, lattice work or carved woodwork, arranged in such a way as to leave at least two-thirds open, and as far as practicable evenly distributed.\n\n(6) No cockloft shall be erected or if already existing be allowed to remain, in any kitchen.\n\n(7) No cockloft shall be used for any purpose other than storage.\n\n(8) Every cockloft shall, unless the Building Authority shall otherwise permit, be supported directly from the ground by pillars or columns to the satisfaction of the Building Authority in such manner that no additional load is placed upon any wall of the building in which such cockloft is situated, provided that any existing cockloft, for which permit in writing has been issued by the Sanitary Board or Building Authority, shall be allowed to remain, subject to the conditions of such permit.\n\nStaircases.\n\nRules as to construction of staircases.\n\n43. Every building hereafter erected, which exceeds one storey in height shall be provided with a staircase in accordance with the following provisions :-\n\n(1) Every main staircase hereafter erected shall be so arranged as to have a tread of not less than nine inches from the face of one riser to the face of the next and no riser shall be of a greater height than seven inches.\n\n(2) Every staircase hereafter erected shall, unless exempted by the Building Authority, be inclosed by walls of fire-resisting material and shall not be constructed with a soffit so as to form any enclosed space between the treads, the risers and such soffit, unless otherwise approved by the Building Authority.\n\n(3) At every storey on every staircase hereafter erected adequate light and ventilation shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Building Authority.\n\n(4) Every building hereafter provided with stairs shall have a staircase giving direct access to a street or lane, or to an open space leading thereto, to the satisfaction of the Building Authority, and in the case of a building of more than two storeys in height, or in which any floor is more than twenty-three feet above the level of the street, such staircase shall be continued to give egress on to the roof of the top storey or there shall be provided to the satisfaction of the Building Authority an additional staircase from the floor of the second floor storey giving egress on to the roof of the top storey or some other satisfactory means of escape in the case of fire.\n\n(5) Every main staircase, including the treads, risers, strings and other supports, and all landings, enclosure walls, lobbies and passages from one flight to another, hereafter...\n\n45\n\nPage 40\n\nPage 41", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 549342, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "page_number": 70, "title": "CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935", "content_text": "57\n\nSpecial powers of magistrate.\n\n158. It shall be lawful for a magistrate in any case in which it is proved to his satisfaction that any cockloft, partition, or shop-division is not in accordance with the provisions of this Ordinance, to order either in addition to or in substitution for any penalty specified in this Ordinance, the immediate demolition, removal, and destruction thereof or of any portion thereof by any officer deputed by the Building Authority and no compensation shall be payable to any person in respect of any damage done thereto by such demolition, removal and destruction.\n\n159.—(1) If admission to premises for any of the purposes of this Ordinance is refused, any magistrate on complaint thereof on oath by any officer authorised by this Ordinance to enter and inspect premises (made after reasonable notice in writing of the intention to make the same has been given to the person having custody of the premises, if such person there be) may, by order under his hand, require the person having the custody of the premises to admit any officer entitled under this Ordinance to inspect the same into the premises during the hours prescribed by this Ordinance, and if no such person can be found the magistrate shall, on oath before him of that fact by order under his hand, authorise any such officer to enter the premises during the prescribed hours.\n\n(2) After a magistrate's order has been obtained under this section, any officer authorised to inspect premises under this Ordinance may, if necessary, break into the premises named in the order.\n\n(3) Any order made by a magistrate under this section shall continue in force until the nuisance has been abated or the work for which the entry was necessary has been done.\n\n160. Every application for modification of or exemption from any of the provisions of sections 74, 77, 79, 82, 83, 87, 88 and 110, which the Governor in Council is empowered to grant by any of such sections, shall be made to the Building Authority in the first instance, and may be granted by him either wholly or in part and with or without conditions; and a certificate under the hand of the Building Authority to the effect that any such modification or exemption has been granted by him shall be as valid and effectual for all purposes as if such modification or exemption had been granted by the Governor in Council.\n\n161. Whenever any person is dissatisfied with the exercise of the discretion of any person to whom discretionary power is given under this Ordinance in respect of any act, matter, or thing, which is by this Ordinance made subject to the exercise of the discretion of such authority, entrusted or with any action or decision of any such person either as to the carrying out of or the meaning of any of the provisions of this Ordinance, or whenever any of the provisions of this Ordinance are, owing to special conditions, undesirable, the person so dissatisfied may, unless proceedings have already been taken before a magistrate in relation thereto, appeal to the Governor in Council, who, if in his opinion the exercise of such discretion or such action or decision requires modification, revocation,\n\nPage 70\n\nPage 71", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-554-9 Buildings Ordinance 1935 15-4-1935 - 15-4-1935.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 554195, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-562-10 Buildings (No 2) Amendment Ordinance 1936 31-12-1936 - 5-1-1937", "page_number": 7, "title": "CO129-562-10 Buildings (No 2) Amendment Ordinance 1936 31-12-1936 - 5-1-1937", "content_text": "## Objects and Reasons\n\n1. The object of clause 2 of this amending Bill is to include lifts in the definition of \"Building\" in section 4(7) of the principal Ordinance so that when a lift is considered unsafe it can be dealt with under sections 117 to 120 which relate to dangerous buildings.\n\n2. The object of clauses 3, 4, 5, 14 and 15 is to make further provision for the evacuation by the occupants of premises endangered by or during the execution of building works involving the total or partial demolition of any building.\n\n3. Clauses 3, 4, 5, 14 and 15 make certain small verbal additions to sections 4(10), 6(1), 6(4) and Schedules C and D of the Buildings Ordinance 1935, to bring demolitions within their scope, and add a new paragraph to section 6(1).\n\n4. The effect of the new paragraph is to throw on the owner of the building the responsibility of clearing the building of its occupants and to arm him if necessary with a magistrate's order to give effect to the clearance. Penalties are provided by sections 152, 154 and 155 of the principal Ordinance.\n\n5. Clause 6 adds certain words to section 11 of the principal Ordinance because shoring and scaffolding are used in many building works and it is essential that they should be put up and maintained in a manner necessary for the safety of the workmen engaged as well as that of passengers and the occupants of adjoining property.\n\n6. Clause 7 adds certain words to section 42(7) of the principal Ordinance which will enable the Chairman of the Urban Council or his deputy to sanction the use of a cockloft for other purposes than storage. Where there is no overcrowding and they are well lighted and ventilated the use of cocklofts for sleeping purposes is not considered objectionable.\n\n7. Clause 8 adds a proviso to paragraph (1) of section 43 of the principal Ordinance to permit of modification of its requirements as to the dimensions of treads and risers in new staircases of existing buildings. In some cases it is found impracticable or economically impossible to erect a new staircase with a tread of nine inches and a riser of seven inches, whereas a smaller tread and higher riser would be preferable to the old staircase which it is intended to replace.\n\n8. Section 78 of the principal Ordinance forbids the obstruction of windows in any tenement house by the erection of any structure whatever. Clause 9 of this Bill will enable the Building Authority to give permission for such obstruction in proper cases. There are cases where a rear window is to some extent obstructed by a stair partition whilst the room gets ample light and air from other sources.\n\n9. Clause 10 adds the word \"roofs\" to section 85 of the principal Ordinance. There are instances where the substitution of a reinforced concrete roof would be beneficial from a fire fighting point of view but the substitution is not undertaken because at present it would result in the building becoming an exceptional building involving the provision of additional open space.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-562-10 Buildings (No 2) Amendment Ordinance 1936 31-12-1936 - 5-1-1937.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 569609, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "page_number": 30, "title": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "content_text": "-2-\n\n30\n\nOn the day of the younger brother's death, he was sitting in the kitchen of the house which the two brothers occupied in common, and the condemned man was in his own room next door. He was seen suddenly to reach up to the cockloft and pick up a chopper and heard to announce his intention of killing his brother, who was unarmed. He then struck his brother four heavy blows on the head and was then disarmed by the younger brother's wife, who put him in his own cubicle and fastened the door.\n\nThe village is a considerable distance from Sha Kung, and it was some six hours after the wounds were inflicted before police officers came on the scene.\n\nThe wounds were serious, in fact dangerous, but there can be little doubt that if medical assistance had been available shortly after the wounds were inflicted, they would not have been fatal. The deceased man, in fact, bled to death at 7:10 p.m. that evening.\n\nOf the rightfulness of the verdict, I have no doubt whatsoever; of the mental development of the condemned man, I have considerable doubt, doubts which I formed from seeing and hearing him in court and also from the nature of his statement to the committing magistrate:\n\n\"On the night of 22nd March, after deceased's death, I had a dream in which six spirits of deceased members of my family informed me that if deceased had survived the 22nd, he would not have survived the 23rd. That is all.\"\n\nPage 30\nPage 31", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 569611, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "page_number": 32, "title": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "content_text": "Rex v. Hau Kang Po\n\nSumming Up.\n\n32.\n\n1st May, 1940.\n\nGentlemen of the Jury:\n\nHere we are at the last stage of a very short but none the less serious case, for as you appreciate it concerns the life or death of the man in the Dock.\n\nHe is charged with the murder, that is the deliberate intentional killing, of his younger brother in the hut that they occupied in this remote village. You have heard the evidence. There is very little direct evidence. Of course, as you will appreciate, there is the evidence of the widow and of the son of the dead man. Their story is that after what must strike all of us as a most futile, stupid, little quarrel, the accused suddenly lost his temper, reached up to the cockloft, brought down a chopper and announced his intention of killing his brother and proceeded to do so, inflicting on his younger brother four savage head wounds, from the bleeding from which there is no question whatsoever that the dead man died.\n\nThere are, I repeat, only two witnesses and each speaks of a different part of the story; and you will bear in mind that when dealing with the evidence of young people like this little boy you must examine his evidence with great care and act on it with hesitation.\n\nOn the other side we have had the evidence of the prisoner himself and I am not going to take you all over it again. It is not long since we heard it, but you will realise that he has set up two separate and distinct defences.\n\nThe first is what Mr. Macnamara, only for a lack of a better title for it, has called \"the defence of self-defence\" and the second one is the accused's own defence of \"coma\" and you will understand, of course, as sensible men, that the case", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 569615, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "page_number": 36, "title": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "content_text": "--5-\n\n36\n\nwent to get help and to the police station.\n\nBoth the widow and the boy are emphatic in saying that the deceased had no weapon of any sort in his hand. They are emphatic in saying that the first thing that happened was that the accused threatened to kill his brother and reached up to the cockloft and took the chopper down. It is a curious thing that with so good a house-wife as the widow is, no one has told where that chopper ought to have been and to whom it belongs.\n\nWe only have that little bit of evidence as to what happened.\n\nIf you believe that, if you accept that story then can you come to any conclusion but one? Because we know from the accused himself that he had a grievance against his younger brother about some family property. We have heard the property had just been registered in the deceased's name, as trustee of course; but apparently the accused did not appreciate that, and in his statement to the police, he mentioned emphatically and at the earliest possible moment that one of the causes of that quarrel between them was that his brother changed the land into his own name and said his elder brother had no share.\n\nWe are also told that there was some squabble over a sum being paid to the priest for funeral expenses.\n\nIn this case the land was the root of the whole trouble. If you believe that and the evidence of the widow and the boy, can you come to any conclusion whatsoever but that the chopper was deliberately reached for and the attack on the deceased man was deliberate or in other words, that the crime of which the accused is guilty is murder and nothing short of murder?\n\n\"It is nonsense, it was my brother who had the chopper. We were not on the best of", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 569621, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "page_number": 42, "title": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "content_text": "42\n\nxxd. Macnamara.\n\nCut might have been caused by instrument like Exb.K.\n\nLO TING KIU. dd. xd. Murphy\n\nWidow of Hau Shek Po who was killed on 22nd March. He was 48 years of age. He lived at Yung Shu An. My husband went to sea until 4 years ago when he began farming. Accused is my husband's elder brother. He lived in the same house with us. My husband & I had left hand part as you faced house, and accused lived in right hand part & centre was a common kitchen. I slept in kitchen behind a tall cupboard. On day of my husband's death I came home for a meal at 9 a.m. My husband, accused & my son & my two orphan nephews were in the house. Accused was in his own quarters. I heard his voice coming from his quarters. My husband was in his part of the house. He came into the kitchen & sat down on the stone step beside the boilers. Accused's wife was also there sitting beside the boilers. I was cooking puddings. About 1 p.m. I had finished cooking. I put the puddings down beside my bed. I had given my husband $40 that morning to buy pork for a festival & to worship his dead mother's tomb. I told him there was no need to worship till 100 days after death. My husband said if he had known that he would not have bought pork. Accused then called out \"who asked you to buy pork?\". \"Why be so offensive?\". My husband replied \"If I didn't buy pork who would buy it?\". I saw my husband during that conversation. I saw nothing in his hands. I then heard my son call out \"Uncle has got a chopper\". I ran out & saw my husband standing beside the boilers. His face was covered with blood. Accused also was in the kitchen. They were still struggling. I then saw accused, who had a chopper in his hand, raise it & strike my husband on the head three times. I tried to separate them & take chopper from accused's hand. The fight stopped & accused went to his own house. My husband went to his house. During the fight they both went into accused's house. I pushed accused into his cubicle. At no time did I see anything in my husband's hands. Neighbours came to our house & attended to my husband. I got a deck chair & my husband lay down in it. I then went to Sai Kung to report to police. It took me 2-3 hours to walk there. I reported & four Indian Police came back with me. When we got back to my house my husband was lying in the kitchen on a grass bed in front of boilers. He was still alive. When he saw the police he called \"Indians, save life\". He died very shortly afterwards. I never heard any quarrel between my husband & accused. I identified body at Mortuary. xxd. Macnamara.\n\nI went to Sai Kung & reported to Interpreter. I told him my husband & his brother had a fight. I told him his brother had cut my husband with a chopper. Constables brought no medical supplies to stop bleeding. I told interpreter wounds very serious & a doctor must be sent for. Accused cut his own hand when I was separating them. If accused says my husband had a knife & attacked him that is untrue. I know accused cross-examined my son on that point. I did not see what treatment neighbours applied to the wounds. When I first saw them they were struggling. I did not see the beginning of the fight. I saw accused strike my husband on the head three times. HAU YUNG HING. dd. xd. Murphy\n\nMy age is 13; son of deceased. On the day my father died, after morning meal I went out to play with younger brother. After playing for two hours or so I went into the kitchen to get some pudding. I got some & ate it standing by the boiler. My mother & my father were both in the kitchen. I was eating my pudding when I saw accused in his own house reach up to the cockloft & get a chopper. He said \"I picked this knife up cut you to death\".\n\nMy father was then sitting down beside the boilers. He had nothing in his hands.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 569624, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "page_number": 45, "title": "CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940", "content_text": "-5--\n\n45\n\nHO KAM PO. dd. xd. Macnamara.\n\nOn 22nd March I was at home about 12.30-1 p.m. Deceased was my brother. My brother & I had a quarrel for about 20 minutes. Then I called my children & the boy who gave evidence to go out & get firewood. Deceased told the boy not to go. Deceased & I then quarrelled. We then quarrelled about the fees to be paid to a priest. We quarrelled for some time. I was sitting on a chair in my room & he was in the kitchen but I couldn't see him. Then I saw him at the door into my room. He had a chopper in his hand, this chopper (Ex.K.) in his left hand. I saw blood on his head from a wound on his forehead. The wound was on his brow below the line of his hair. I tried to get the chopper with both my hands & succeeded. He then struck me on the head with his fist & I fell down. I felt giddy & whether or not I cut him with the chopper I do not know. I can't say if there is a wound on his forehead or not, nor can I account for the other wounds. I was giddy for about two hours. Re-marriage is a mistake. Widow here is a tin-fong wife & therefore suspect. She & my brother conspired to do away with my property. Six family spirits appeared to me in a dream before his death on the night of the 21st & told me my brother would live to 22nd but couldn't live to see the 23rd. The statement in the record that the dream was after my brother's death is a mistake. The small boy's evidence about my picking up the chopper is untrue. I got a wound on my left palm in trying to catch the chopper.\n\nxxd. Murphy,\n\nI had my dream on the early morning of 21st March about 2 a.m. They told me my brother would die before 23rd March. He & his wife conspired to take away my land. We had had a quarrel about payment of a priest; my first quarrel about his not letting his boy go out.\n\nI was not angry with him. I lost my temper with him & he with me. At that time deceased was in the kitchen & I was in my house sitting in a chair. First thing I saw was deceased coming in with his face covered with blood. I was surprised to see him carrying a chopper & bloodstained. He had chopper in his left hand. I am right-handed. I only got up when he cut at me with his left hand. I caught the blade in my left hand & caught his wrist with my right hand. He let go the chopper & struck me with his fist on the head. I fell & then I picked up the chopper. I got up & deceased was standing near my bed. I can't say if I picked it up or not.\n\nI picked up the chopper from the floor. Deceased showed no signs of attacking me. I don't know who wounded deceased. I had the chopper - the only chopper. When I regained consciousness I was in my room near the cubicle door & the chopper was beside me. I know nothing of how my brother got his wounds. I thought his wife might have cut him. About three minutes after he cut me I saw him pushed back into his own room by my wife & some children. I did not see that. I think deceased's wife is a bad woman. I like his son & he has no dislike for me. I heard his evidence this morning. I heard what he said. I don't know why he should invent that. I reached up to the cockloft for a saw & not for a chopper. I wanted to saw firewood. I laid it aside against the wall.\n\nANTHONY WARREN DAWSON GROVE. ss.xd. Macnamara. Medical Practitioner.\n\nI have read account of wounds found on head of deceased. In my opinion one might have tried to stop bleeding either by digital pressure or by clamping cloth on wound. It would have to be put on firmly over the incisions. That would not stop it. Clipping of arteries would stop bleeding but would have delayed bleeding completely.\n\nThat would not stop it.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-584-14 Commutation of death sentences to life imprisonment. Includes 9 photographs depicting- [CN 3-42] Commutation of... 22-12-1939 - 17-9-1940.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 574705, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941", "page_number": 155, "title": "CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941", "content_text": "## Transcript of Proceedings\n\n67 $7 \n\n158 \n\nIn the outlying districts to prevent people coming to the central part of the town, where they would almost inevitably gravitate towards the head office; and further, I knew of no premises which I could have had in the centre of the town free of charge. Leighton Hill Road, the old Yaumati Police Station, and the Depot were premises which were available and which I could have had without rent, without expense.\n\nMr. Woo: Mr. Forrest, I have here certain Chinese notices which have been posted up at your office in Marina House. I would like some information on that, if I may?\n\nMr. Forrest: May I see them?\n\nQ. That is the Chinese form. These are the translations. I have marked the notices A, B, and C and propose to deal with them in that order. A copy of the notices A and B was supplied to me by Mr. Walter Harming Chen, an assistant in your office. Will you read the translation? Take notice A.\n\nCopy circulated.\n\n(Translation of notice A read by Mr. Forrest).\n\nQ. The name of this person who was to do the work for the public is not mentioned in the notice. Who was that person?\n\nA. That is the general agent. I am not very sure whether it is correct to speak of him in this connection as general agent or as the Kobza Art Studios.\n\nChairman: That is the photographer in the first floor of the cockloft? That is one of the express recommendations in the Middlebrook report?\n\nA. Yes.\n\nMr. Koo: This notice was posted up long before the date of the agreement appointing the general agent?\n\nMr. Forrest: I am not sure about that. I did not check that.\n\nQ. I think the secretary received a letter from a member of the public complaining about this notice, before Mr. Kobza was appointed the general agent?", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-590-11 Commission of Enquiry into irregularities in Immigration Departments 22-4-1941 - 19-12-1941.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 580087, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946", "page_number": 43, "title": "CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946", "content_text": "(W5765/81/801)\n\n43\n\nHONG KONG: PAST AND PRESENT\n\nBy I. Epstein\n\nBritish Writers about Hongkong like to point out that when the Union Jack was hoisted over the island it was just a bare rock with a couple of tiny fishing villages clinging precariously to it, and that in the subsequent century it grew into a bustling city of over a million inhabitants and one of the world's greatest ports.\n\nThe Chinese, on the other hand, are distinctly unenthusiastic about this development. They often ask rhetorically how Americans would feel if Manhattan had been occupied and built up by a foreign power which clung stubbornly to it. They tend to regard Hongkong as a subtraction from China, rather than an addition to it. The situation was dramatized recently by Chungking's complaint to UNRRA that the amount of rice allotted to the tiny colony was roughly equal to that sent to all the rest of China. (1)\n\nThe two sides of the Hongkong picture are apparent to every visitor.\n\nIt is indisputable that the port has grown, under British administration, from nothingness to a powerful material and trading position. But its political life is dominated by a few thousand British and its economy by the British Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation and such giant firms as Jardine's. Although they form ninety-nine percent of the population, the position of the Chinese has been symbolized by their exclusion from the choicest residential section - the famous and beautiful \"Peak.\"\n\nThe colony possesses a reasonable facsimile of modern administration. But its citizens have no political rights and do not vote. (2) An opium monopoly existed before the war, under official control but a reminder of the trade that precipitated the first Anglo-Chinese war. There is protection for life and limb, but the police, whom the people fear because they have no control over them, are corrupt.\n\nThe skyline on either side of the harbor is imposingly punctuated by the great Hongkong and Shanghai Bank Building, the palatial Hongkong, Gloucester, and Peninsula hotels and the mansions of Chinese millionaires which present an opulent and modern façade. In striking contrast to these are the brothels of Whanchai, stretching for many blocks, and the incredible slums of the western area where the crowding and tuberculosis rate are among the worst in the world. \"Cockloft,\" \"cubicle\" and \"bed-space\" are the commonest terms.\n\nMr. Epstein was in China for some twelve years as newspaperman and correspondent. He resided in Hongkong from 1938 to 1940 as editor of the Sino-British Hongkong Daily Press, and was on the South China Morning Post from mid-1941 until the fall of Hongkong, after which he spent about three months in Stanley Camp.\n\n(1) Figures supporting this statement were given by Dr. Tsiang Ting-fu to the UNRRA Conference at Atlantic City on March 20, 1946. The New York Herald Tribune quoted Dr. Tsiang as saying \"I am full of anger against the Combined Food Board.\"\n\n(2) Lennox A. Mills, in his British Rule in Eastern Asia, a standard work describes the Governor of Hongkong as \"in law a benevolent despot.\"", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-593-1 Future policy- unofficial views 18-6-1946 - 28-12-1946.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 592634, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949", "page_number": 28, "title": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949", "content_text": "## CHATTER III\n\n### THE WING ON PREMISES AT WEST POINT.\n\n28\n\n#### Description of the Godown Area:\n\n17. The Wing On Company possesses three buildings at West Point. Godown No. 1 faces the seafront on Connaught Road West and is a narrow building of four stories. This building was not involved in the fire. Across Whitty Street, also facing the seafront, is a large building consisting of five floors, and this is officially described as the Wing On Godowns Nos. 2, 3 and 4. It is not partitioned vertically inside, and is generally described as the Wing On Godown No. 2, by which it will be described throughout the report. At the rear of this godown, and separated from it by a six-foot wide scavenging lane, is a building fronting Des Voeux Road West. The ground floor of this building was used as godowns which are officially described as the Wing On Godowns Nos. 5, 6 and 7. It is generally referred to as Godown No. 5 and this terminology is adopted in the report. Above Godown No. 5 are four floors of tenement flats. On the western side of the godowns, separated from them by a lane, are two blocks of offices with godowns beneath them, belonging to the Royal Inter Ocean Lines. The southern end of this scavenging lane, that is to say the Des Voeux Road end, was bricked up and roofed over during the war, in fact becoming an extension of the Inter Ocean Lines Godown. There is a wall across the Des Voeux Road end of Whitty Street, also constructed during the occupation, the effect of which is to deny ready access by foot passengers and still more so by vehicles to the seafront, except by a long circuit round neighbouring streets. Reference to Plan A will make clear the layout of the buildings and their relationship to roads in the West Point area.\n\n#### Description of Godown No. 2.\n\n18. The Godown No. 2 was constructed in 1926. It is a very substantial structure of brick and concrete construction, 88 feet long, 36 feet wide and 80 feet high, with a capacity of about 750,000 cubic feet. It has concrete floors, two interior flights of open stone stairs, and an unenclosed lift shaft situated towards the front. There is a cockloft on the ground floor adjacent to the lift shaft, which served as an office.", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 }, { "id": 592648, "series_id": 27, "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine", "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案", "series_use_hku_proxy": false, "document_key": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949", "page_number": 42, "title": "CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949", "content_text": "## 21 \n## 42 \n\nA fire had occurred due to metallic sodium which somehow came in contact with water. Although the Fire Brigade was aware of this fire, the incidence of the great conflagration two days later prevented its adequate following up. Although much suspicion attached to this Caustic Soda, it was not in close proximity to the place of storage of the cinematograph film and it was well sealed up; we think that its instrumentality in the ultimate cause of the fire may be ruled out.\n\n## Contents of Godown No. 5\n46. During the course of his investigations, Mr. Terry prepared a plan of the contents of godown No. 5 as they were found after the fire. Not every substance could be identified, as both the stock-book and the placement-book for the godown were destroyed in the cockloft of Godown No. 2. But after the investigation, it was clear that there were stored in Godown No. 5 the following substances which would be classified as Dangerous Goods under the Regulations to the Ordinance of 1873:\n\n| Category | Contents |\n| --- | --- |\n| Category 3 | |\n| Category 4 (1) | |\n| Category 5 | |\n| Category 6 | |\n| Category 7 | |\n\n## Contents of Godown No. 2\n47. \nThe stock books of Godown No. 2 survived the fire, and what remained of the stock in that godown was found to correspond with that shown in the books. There were in this godown a number of substances which would be Category 8 Dangerous Goods, but there was no objection to storage of these goods in that godown without a license, as it was neither partially used for nor connected with domestic premises. There was however some Camphor, which although not specifically mentioned in the regulations, should, because of its flash point, be considered as in Category 4 (2). It is only fair to state that nobody connected with the administration of the licensing regulations considered that it should be classified as such.\n\n| Substance | Category |\n| --- | --- |\n| Calcium Cyanamide | |\n| Cellulose Lacquer | |\n| Caustic Soda | |\n| Phenol Crystals | |\n| Aniline Oil | |\n| Sodium Bichromate | |", "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-614-1 Commission of Inquiry into fire at West Point- report 26-5-1949 - 22-12-1949.txt", "external_url": "", "rank": 0 } ]