[
    {
        "id": 250210,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "page_number": 360,
        "title": "CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860",
        "content_text": "Provisions sent to us. Climate. R. \"Poo-ho.\" Troops. Coast and interior country. CL Yun-ping-foo.\" Mirage great. Country to the southward flat and wet.\n\n12 The men were all cavalry, and armed with spears or matchlocks. Understanding that we had asked for some provisions, they sent us a few fowls and melons, for which they refused money, but eventually someone took it.\n\nThere is a small fort about a mile W. of the river's mouth, but, as it evidently does not command the entrance, it is probable that a road passes near it. It is an insignificant little thing.\n\nThe description they gave of the climate is as follows:-There is cold weather with ice in the 10, 12, 1, 2 and 3 months, during which time the rivers are frozen, and occasionally the Bay also for two miles out. Snow falls to a depth varying from 2 inches to 2 feet. The ice breaks up in the third month.\n\nThey notice no difference in the level of the sea in the summer and winter months. Some say the water falls very slightly after a continuance of north wind.\n\nThey said that in 21 days they should commence wearing warm clothes. The soldiers were said to have come from “Yim-ping-foo.\"\n\nAugust 4th.--Moved down to the mouths of the Poo-ho,\" which is a short shallow river, which winds from the S.W. It is not navigable. Junks unload about 3-mile from the bar, and this spot is protected by an earthen fort of no great size.\n\nOn our arrival, we saw that the guns were manned. There might have been 6 or 7, from the number of sponge-heads I saw over the parapet. Troops also turned out and formed, just behind some hills. Some cavalry came down when we landed; amongst them a colonel, who, they said, came from a camp 50 le off.\n\nLanding at another spot, we saw a camp, distant about 2 miles from the landing place. There is evidently a road from this place; and as this river and the Yang-ho\" are both so small as to admit of only a few junks unloading at the same time, they are possibly both used to supply the same district; and it is, therefore, likely that a road leads from the \"Poo-ho\" to the road by which the corn from the \"Yang-ho\" is carried to the great road, and that this road passes by the forts mentioned as being near the latter river.\n\nBetween these rivers sandhills exist along the shore, about 30 feet high, and running back into the country for about a mile, Within them the country is flat.\n\nA range of hills, which run N.E. and S.W., terminates S. of the river's mouth, at a distance of about 7 miles. The country up to them being flat, cultivated, and with rows of trees, and some villages.\n\nThere is said to be a town called \"Yun-ping-foo,\" about 150 le N. of this and the other side of the mountains,\n\nAugust 7th. The horizon being always so distorted here, we landed to take the altitude with artificial horizon.\n\nSketched the country S. of the mouth of the \"Poo-ho.\" The same sand-hills run parallel to the coast, also the \"Poo-ho,\" which receives its water apparently from a vast extent of flat and swampy ground. The country here is so flat that it is possible it may to a considerable extent be affected by the tide, either by being actually flooded or by the river which drains it having its course dammed up by the tide.\n\n9th.-Landed some miles farther to the south. There is here a large flat, which is covered, at very high tide, to an extent of 4 miles inland. It is composed of sand and mud. At one spot, near where the tide enters, to get over the flat, boats unload. Horses are sent down here to graze.\n\nWe were accosted by a Mandarin. We got the following information from a soldier:-\n\nNot many miles to the S. of this spot, a considerable river runs into the sea, which, a short distance above its mouth, receives the waters of the \"Chin-lung-ho,\" and \"Lan-ho\" and is then called the \"Laon-moo-kaon.\" The town of \"Yun-ping-foo\" is on the \"Chin-lung-ho,\" distant from the mouth 150 le.\n\nThe city is described as having 4 gates. It is of considerable size, but not very large. The great road runs within 1 le of the south gate, and the \"Chin-lung-ho\" outside the west gate, and close to the walls. The river here is said to have an embankment.\n\n\"Yun-ping-foo\" is distant from Pekin 490 le, and from the Great Wall 190 le.\n\nGoing along the road from \"Yun-ping-foo\" to Pekin, you pass the following places:-\n\nTung-jen-lisien\n\nChechou\n\nSan-ho\n\nTung-chaon\n\nLe.\n\n160\n\n80\n\nThe great road is partly sandy and partly stony. It passes near woods or groves of trees, but does not go through any. There is a great deal of traffic on the road (so much so as to prevent there being any game near it). There are no large cities or important places on the road.\n\nGoing from \"Yun-ping-foo\" to \"Tien-tsin” you pass-\n\nYun-ping-foo\"\n\nTung-tai (apparently a fair)\n\nPang-uhr-chwang (a halting place for travellers)\n\nTec-tao\n\nTien-tsin\n\nLe.\n\n220\n\n70\n\n50\n\n23\n\n20\n\n360\n\nWith regard to the climate, they say the autumn commences on the 9th day of 7th Moon (8th August). The wet months are from the 4th to 8th, but the rains are not continuous. The snow and ice months are 11, 12, 1, and 2, The coast is frozen in these months more or less.\n\nPage 358\n\nPage 359\n\nPage 360\n\nPage 361",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-079 - Public Offices - 1860.txt",
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    {
        "id": 251840,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 287,
        "title": "CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "## \n3 \n284 \nhimself Vice Consul for Peru) lying in the vicinity of a market town. \nWere a large seaport called Chekhum, in the Prefecture of Luvchew, and lying on the West coast of Hwangtung, opposite the island of Bai-nan. \nBeside their crew Portuguese, these vessels seem to have been provided with agents, of whose presence in the neighbourhood they were aware. \nSometimes men were engaged to discharge cargo from the vessel said to have Chinese assistants, and with confederates who, by various methods, supplied them almost daily with kidnapped victims. \nThe situation was well chosen. Chekhum is a place where markets are held twice or thrice weekly, appearing to attract considerable numbers of peasants and petty traders from distances with produce for sale; and these strangers have been easily enticed into the clutches of bamino and fu Mu of Mucao. \nAt times, they were just arrived; at other times, they were attracted on board to purchase various articles, the cheapness of which was stated; and they were induced to carry fruit or provisions on board for sale. The result was always the same, both with these, and with such men as were treacherously put on board the lorchas by boat-",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-082 - Sir Robinson - 1861 [8-12].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 365139,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 386,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "382\n\n3\n\nRates of exchange.\n\nHardly any statistics of junk trade available.\n\n2\n\nCHINA,\n\nTABLE of Contents-continued.\n\nPAGE\n\nTransit trade\n\n5\n\nShipping\n\n5\n\nBritish..\n\n5\n\nForeign..\n\n5\n\nChinese flag and sailing vessels not seen here\n\n6\n\nEmigration\n\n6\n\nStraits and Siam passenger trade\n\n6\n\nHong-Kong passenger trade..\n\n6\n\nConclusion\n\n7 to 9\n\nBritish passenger steamers\n\nTables I, II, III, and IV\n\nThe rates of exchange which are employed in this report for the conversion into sterling of the Haikwan tael values given in the returns of the Imperial Maritime Customs are 3s. 4d. per Haikwan tael for 1896, 3s. 3¼d. for 1895, and 3s. 2¾d. for 1894. These returns furnish the only statistics of the trade of the port, and the figures given hereafter are almost entirely based upon them.\n\nThe tables appended to this report refer entirely to the trade in vessels of foreign type, as no statistics are as a rule obtainable of the considerable junk trade that is carried on at this port. The chief exception to the latter remark is that certain particulars relating to the junk trade of Hoihow, or Hainan generally, can be obtained from the customs returns of the trade of Kowloon (Hong-Kong) and Lappa (Macao).\n\nTotal values. There was a very satisfactory increase in the total trade of this port during the year under review compared with 1895; though the figures of the trade for 1894 were not reached, except in the case of exports, which were of about the same value in the two years. The net total imports from abroad amounted to £244,609 6s. 8d. in value, and from Chinese ports to £299 10s. 0d. Produce of local origin was exported to foreign countries to the value of £210,300 16s. 8d. and to Chinese ports to the value of £4,821 3s. 4d. The net total value of the trade of the port was thus £460,030 16s. 8d., the corresponding value for 1895 being £390,075 3s. 6d., and for 1894 £495,872.\n\nJunk trade.\n\nImports. Foreign opium.\n\nThe total value of the goods of foreign origin brought to Hoihow by junk from Hong-Kong was only £324 in 1896, against £1,364 4s. 2d. in 1895. On the other hand, £1,605 6s. 8d. worth of foreign goods were imported from Macao in this way and £1,383 5s. 0d. worth in 1895. Junks brought to Hoihow in 1896 £1,110 6s. 8d. worth of native produce from Swatow, £606 worth from Macao, and £81 3s. 4d. worth from Hong-Kong; there were also considerable shipments by native craft from Hong-Kong and Macao to several places within the trading area of this port; including £1,800 worth of paddy and rice sent from Hong-Kong to Chikhom on the Leichow peninsula opposite this island.\n\nThere was a considerable increase in the quantity of foreign opium imported by steamer during 1896, being 435 cwts. 10 lbs., worth £31,527 6s. 8d., as compared with 388 cwts. 87 lbs. worth £28,290 8s. 4d. during 1895. This came almost entirely by way of Hong-Kong. No opium was re-exported during 1896, whereas 42 cwts. 19 lbs., worth £3,245 16s. 3d., were sent back to Hong-Kong in 1895. Besides the above, 88 cwts. 36 lbs. of foreign opium, entirely Patna, were imported into Hainan ports during 1896 by junk from Macao, the figures for 1895 being 58 cwts. 84 lbs., considerably less; but for 1894 94 cwts. 80 lbs., only a little more than in 1896. No opium was brought from Hong-Kong during any of these years. Putting the above figures together, the net import of foreign opium into the island of Hainan was 523 cwts. 46 lbs. in 1896 and 405 cwts. 40 lbs. in 1895.\n\nNo native opium was passed through the foreign customs in the year under review. I have been informed that the total import last year was about 800 cases, each weighing 48 lbs., of Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi opium, and a few pounds only of Ssuch'wan opium. The last variety is said to be not liked here.\n\nThe following remarks on the various kinds of native opium on this market may be of interest.\n\nVarieties, price, &c.\n\nThree kinds of Yunnan opium are imported; the first in balls weighing from 4 to 8 ozs., another, also in balls, but much larger, weighing between 18 and 30 ozs., and the third in cubes, wrapped up in bamboo leaves, measuring about 3 inches by 2½ inches by 2½ inches, and weighing about 1 lb. The last kind is said to be \"milder\" than the others, the first kind being the one generally preferred for smoking. All three kinds cost $31 per Chinese ounce (1¼ oz. av.).\n\nThe opium which comes from Kweichow province is practically similar in all respects to the Yünnan opium.\n\nKwangsi opium is made up in the same way as Yunnan opium, but is a little cheaper, costing about $30 per Chinese ounce.\n\nThere is only one kind of Ssuch'wan opium imported, namely, it is very soft—like mud, the large balls weighing 40 to 66 ozs. Chinese say—and is not considered as good as the Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi varieties. It costs $29 or $30 per ounce.\n\nChinese\n\nYünnan, Kweichow, and Ssuch'wan opium come here by junk from Pakhoi. Kwangsi opium comes either the same way as the others or by junk from the small ports to the north-east of the Leichow peninsula.\n\nThere is a considerable rise to be noted in the import of Kerosene. American kerosene compared with 1895, and a corresponding fall in the quantity of Russian kerosene. The import of Sumatran oil remained pretty steady. The weight of the tins in all three cases is similar, and the Russian oil is even 5 or 10 c. a tin cheaper; but the Chinese say the American oil is better, as it has a bluish colour, the Russian being reddish. They say, moreover, that the Russian tins are not so good as the American tins, and oil is frequently lost through leakage.\n\nBesides the 634,690 gallons of kerosene shown in Table II as being imported during 1896, 1,080 gallons were brought to Hoihow, and 12,740 gallons to Tamchow, 70 miles distant, by junk from Macao.\n\nKIUNGCHOW.\n\n(48)\n\nPage 383\n\n...\n\nPage 383",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 365145,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "page_number": 392,
        "title": "CO129-279 - Public Offices - 1897",
        "content_text": "# KIUNGCHOW.\n\n## TABLE of Contents-continued.\n\n| PAGE | \n| --- | \n| 3 | Rates of exchange. |\n| 388 | \n| 5 | Transit trade |\n| 5 | Shipping |\n| 5 | British.. |\n| 5 | Foreign.. |\n| 5 | Chinese flag and sailing vessels not seen here |\n| 6 | Emigration |\n| 6 | Straits and Siam passenger trade |\n| 6 | British passenger steamers |\n| 7 to 9 | Hong-Kong passenger trade.. |\n| 9 | Conclusion |\n|  | Tables I, II, III, and IV |\n\nThe rates of exchange which are employed in this report for the conversion into sterling of the Haikwan tael values given in the returns of the Imperial Maritime Customs are 3s. 4d. per Haikwan tael for 1896, 3s. 3¼d. for 1895, and 3s. 2d. for 1894. These returns furnish the only statistics of the trade of the port, and the figures given hereafter are almost entirely based upon them.\n\nThe tables appended to this report refer entirely to the trade in vessels of foreign type, as no statistics are as a rule obtainable of the considerable junk trade that is carried out at this port. The chief exception to the latter remark is that certain particulars relating to the junk trade of Hoihow, or Hainan generally, can be obtained from the customs returns of the trade of Kowloon (Hong-Kong) and Lappa (Macao).\n\nThere was a very satisfactory increase in the total trade of this port during the year under review compared with 1895; though the figures of the trade for 1894 were not reached, except in the case of exports, which were of about the same value in the two years. The net total imports from abroad amounted to £244,609 7s. 6d. in value, and from Chinese ports to £299 10s. 0d. Produce of local origin was exported to foreign countries to the value of £210,300 16s. 8d. and to Chinese ports to the value of £4,821 3s. 4d. The net total value of the trade of the port was thus £460,030 16s. 8d., the corresponding value for 1895 being £390,075 3s. 6d., and for 1894 £495,872.\n\nThe total value of the goods of foreign origin brought to Hoihow by junk from Hong-Kong was only £32 in 1896, against £364 4s. 2d. in 1895. On the other hand, £1,605 6s. 8d. worth of foreign goods were imported from Macao in this way and £1,383 8s. 0d. worth in 1895. Junks brought to Hoihow in 1896 £1,110 6s. 8d. worth of native produce from Swatow, £606 worth from Macao, and £8 3s. 4d. worth from Hong-Kong; there were also considerable shipments by native craft from Hong-Kong and Macao to several places within the trading area of this port; including £1,800 worth of paddy and rice sent from Hong-Kong to Chikhom on the Leichow peninsula opposite this island.\n\nThere was a considerable increase in the quantity of foreign opium imported by steamer during 1896, being 435 cwts. 10 lbs., worth £31,527 6s. 8d., as compared with 388 cwts. 87 lbs. worth £28,290 8s. 4d. during 1895. This came almost entirely by way of Hong-Kong. No opium was re-exported during 1896, whereas 42 cwts. 19 lbs., worth £3,245 16s. 3d., were sent back to Hong-Kong in 1895. Besides the above, 88 cwts. 36 lbs. of foreign opium, entirely Patna, were imported into Hainan ports during 1896 by junk from Macao, the figures for 1895 being 58 cwts. 84 lbs., considerably less; but for 1894 94 cwts. 80 lbs., only a little more than in 1896. No opium was brought from Hong-Kong during any of these years. Putting the above figures together, the net import of foreign opium into the island of Hainan was 523 cwts. 46 lbs. in 1896 and 405 cwts. 40 lbs. in 1895.\n\nNo native opium was passed through the foreign customs in the year under review. I have been informed that the total import last year was about 800 cases, each weighing 48 lbs., of Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi opium, and a few pounds only of Ssuch'wan opium. The last variety is said to be not liked here.\n\nThe following remarks on the various kinds of native opium on this market may be of interest.\n\n### Varieties, price, &c.\n\nThree kinds of Yunnan opium are imported; the first in balls weighing from 4 to 8 ozs., another, also in balls, but much larger, weighing between 18 and 30 ozs., and the third in cubes, wrapped up in bamboo leaves, measuring about 3 inches by 2½ inches by 2½ inches, and weighing about 1 lb. The last kind is said to be \"milder\" than the others, the first kind being the one generally preferred for smoking. All three kinds cost 31 c. per Chinese ounce (1 oz. av.).\n\nThe opium which comes from Kweichow province is practically similar in all respects to the Yunnan opium.\n\nKwangsi opium is made up in the same way as Yünnan opium, but is a little cheaper, costing about 30 c. per Chinese ounce.\n\nThere is only one kind of Ssuch'wan opium imported, namely large balls weighing 40 to 66 ozs. It is very soft—like mud, the Chinese say—and is not considered as good as the Yunnan, Kweichow and Kwangsi varieties. It costs 29 or 30 c. per Chinese ounce.\n\nYünnan, Kweichow, and Ssuch'wan opium come here by junk from Pakhoi. Kwangsi opium comes either the same way as the others or by junk from the small ports to the north-east of the Leichow peninsula.\n\n### Trade routes of native opium.\n\nThere is a considerable rise to be noted in the import of Kerosene. American kerosene compared with 1895, and a corresponding fall in the quantity of Russian kerosene. The import of Sumatran oil remained pretty steady. The weight of the tins in all three cases is similar, and the Russian oil is even 5 or 10 c. a tin cheaper; but the Chinese say the American oil is better, as it has a bluish colour, the Russian being reddish. They say, moreover, that the Russian tins are not so good as the American tins, and oil is frequently lost through leakage.\n\nBesides the 634,690 gallons of kerosene shown in Table II as being imported during 1896, 1,080 gallons were brought to Hoihow, and 12,740 gallons to Tamehow, 70 miles distant, by junk from Macao.\n\n### Import by junk.\n\n(48)",
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    {
        "id": 495485,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 154,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "149\n\nRAI\n\nfor their own account. The syndicate only pressed for money to finance their deals when they had too heavy outstanding accounts for opium sold on credit. Both purchases and sales were largely carried out on a credit basis.\n\nThere was however considerable financial backing, one partner is the manager and probable part owner of a bank at Chekhon i.e. Kwongchawan with a branch in Hong Kong, another is intimately connected with a large bank in Canton, they have a friend connected with a large rice firm trading with Indo-China, all the partners in an allied firm are described as being wealthy people she will be quite ready to put up big capital to finance opium smuggling. My original information\n\nthe deal in Benares Opium mentioned above was financed by the chairman of a large Chinese Liability Banking Co. in the Colony, but the only mention of him found only shows that he was on terms of friendship with some of the persons concerned. One partner holds an official position in the army of General Lei Fuk (Canton), his commission being dated the end of 1922,\n\na man arrested when he came to claim his effects from this office was accompanied by an official of the Canton Arsenal who was identified as an ex Mangkun Government clerk, Visiting cards found showed that the syndicate had many friends among the officers of Dr. Sun's so-called Robber Suppression Army. One card found was that of a member of the Provincial Assembly of Canton who was living in the Colony at the time, February this year.\n\nThe syndicate were thus assured of adequate financial support and military protection for operations in China, which appear to have been both numerous and lucrative.\n\nThe raw opium obtained seems to be practically all of Yunnan origin purchased in Haiphong Indo-China, and shipped to Hongkong either direct or via Kwongchawan in the steamers",
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    },
    {
        "id": 495505,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 174,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "169\n\nLetter Chin Krong Cheung, Shanghai ta Krok Kan Hongkong. Mentions loss of goods apparently on the way from Kwongchow-wan and insists in Leung of KOW paying in his share of capital into the venture whian he insisted in joining, though now the goods are lost he does not want to pay.\n\nLetter 1 El of KG7 to Krok Ken Hergkong Dated 23/3/22.\n\nI arrived at Chekhom with Wah on the 22nd. Shau of Kongmoon brought here $81. Please pass on that the price of \"Ah Nim Hak\" raw Opium is $8000 a chest.\n\nMen Ten of Hip On de: Krongobes-gan ta Krok Kan of Hongkong In accordance with your request I am sending you four 5 tael tins and one 4.7. Please acknowledge receipt.\n\nBill His On Co: ta Krok Kan.\n\n\"HIP\" Opium 1 Ball 43.5 taels sub-coin $244.70\n\nContainer\n\nFire Tael tine .50\n\n6\n\n(Note: \"HIP\" is the technical name for Benares Opium in the inner circle of the trade, the use of this term shows that the addresses is well acquainted with the trade from the inside. He is well known in the Colony.)\n\nLeong of Kronzehor-van to Krok in Hongkong.\n\nThe market prime in Chekhom of Benares Opium is $9000 to $9050 per chest.\n\n10\n\nLetter Hip On Co: to Krok Kan.\n\nI have received your letter sent by Chu. But the Government are searching so strictly for \"Southern\" goods, that several days ago several houses were searched and several persons arrested, so that the price of the goods is very dear, and it is not easy to buy. My shop does not dare to boil for anybody. The market price today is $8400 per chest for Benares Opium, or per catty $92.50\n\nPage 170\n\n \n(empty page content)\n\nPage 171\n\n \n(empty page content)\n\n...\n\nbraries III boument 1\n\n5A\n\nOS\n\n...\n\n \n7\n\njeument\n\nes 3\n\n7",
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