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    {
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "page_number": 400,
        "title": "CO129-074 - Lieut. Governor Caine & Sir Robinson - 1859 [6-12]",
        "content_text": "Page 396\n\n(123)\n\nActing Attorney General.--What do you understand by the words, \"on the part of Government?\"\n\nCross-examined by the Attorney General.--How long had you been Acting Colonial Secretary when this burning took place?\n\nDr Bridges.--It attaches to the Executive Council of the Government.\n\nActing Attorney General.--Having heard the article read, do you think that there is a word of truth in it from beginning to end?\n\nDr Bridges.--As far as regards there having been any trick on the part of the Government, it is a gross falsehood from beginning to end. I will tell your Lordship all about the destruction of the documents when Mr Green asks me.\n\nActing Attorney General.--Proceed,\n\nDr Bridges.--My knowledge of the Ma-chow Wong papers amounts to this:--A petition having been presented to the Executive Council to relieve Ma-chow Wong from the consequences of the verdict found against him in this Court, an inquiry which lasted several weeks was held by the Executive Council to investigate the matter. During the progress of that inquiry, the books of the firm to which he belonged were examined by Mr Mongan and Mr Caldwell. They made a report as to the contents of such books, but it subsequently appearing that Mr May, who examined the books through the medium of an interpreter, had found entries in the books which made more against Mr Caldwell than appeared from this report, a further reference was made to Mr Wade, and I believe the books were sent to him. I never saw the books, nor...\n\nDr Bridges.--I was appointed on the 15th February 1857,--when the burning took place I cannot tell you.\n\nAttorney General.--Who first appointed you?\n\nDr Bridges.--The Governor, and the home people confirmed the appointment.\n\nAttorney General.--I believe the confirmation was all in the same year.\n\nDr Bridges.--Very likely--I can't remember.\n\nAttorney General.--It is also true that you were Acting Attorney General from the 28th February 1852, to the 13th February 1853, and again from the 13th April 1855 to 15th of January 1856.\n\nDr Bridges.--Yes, I believe you are correct with the dates.\n\nAttorney General.--You, then, being naturally so well versed in the laws of the Colony, an official person, and an \"expert\" can tell the Court and Jury whether the commission of Sir John Davis as Governor was under writ of Privy Seal, and that of Sir John Bowring, dated the 15th of April 1854, a warrant under the Queen's sign manual--You will see them here (hands up volume of the Laws of Hongkong) at page 22.\n\nDr Bridges.--Yes, I admit or believe it to be true as stated here.\n\n(122)\n\nThese were not proved--the most serious charge of all, 10, being burked by the destruction of books which, according to the Hon'ble Mr Anstey, contained the damning evidence of Dr Bridges's subordinates' complicity with thieves, robbers, murderers and pirates.\n\nActing Attorney General, (to the Court).--Should the Crown open the case by evidence to rebut the plea of justification, or should the defendant first show his justification?\n\nAttorney General.--My learned friend has opened his case and must go through with it.\n\nActing Attorney General.--In \"Regina v. Newman,\" Sir Fred. Thesiger opened the case for the prosecution. The principal witness, Achilli, was not called until the end of the case for the defence. No witness was called in reply.\n\nCharge 4 ran that through his wife he had an alliance with some of the worst Chinese in the Colony. It is only common justice to Mrs Caldwell to say that since she has been Mr Caldwell's wife, no lady in the Colony has conducted herself with greater propriety but it was shown to the Commission that one or more of Mrs C's relations had acted very shamefully, especially in one instance, when, under pretence of releasing a Pawnbroker from pains and penalties to which he was liable, she succeeded in extorting a sum of $450. The Commission, however, appear to have viewed Mr Caldwell's \"alliance\" as a circumstance over which he had no control.\n\nAttorney General.--I was present at that trial.\n\nActing Attorney General.--So was I.\n\nAttorney General.--My learned friend forgets that that was not a Crown case, nor was it for a seditious libel. My learned friend has exhausted the whole of his case at once in his address to the Jury, and like all other accusers must be called on to prove his words. I object to his first going into his entire case, and then asking to be allowed to go into only a portion of it.\n\nActing Attorney General, (to Dr Bridges).--You were Acting Colonial Secretary on the 28th of July last.\n\nDr Bridges.--I was.\n\nActing Attorney General.--You have seen the article in the Friend of China of the date mentioned.\n\nDr Bridges.--I have.\n\nActing Attorney General.--It shall be read to you.--\n\nThe Commission appointed to enquire into the charges against Mr D. R. Caldwell, Registrar General, have reported four out of the nineteen true--six not wholly untrue,--nine groundless.\n\nCharge 8 ran--That the Chinese dare not now complain of the connivances and procurements of Mr Caldwell, the patron of Ma-chow Wong. The impossibility of proving this was asserted in the charge itself.\n\nCharge 11 ran with 10, and was favoured as 10 was. A Partnership between Mr Caldwell and Ma-chow Wong, in the absence of the books, could not be proved.\n\nCharge 14 ran that Mr C. bought land in the Colony after December last, when he became (the official) licenser of brothels. This was disposed of as not satisfactorily proved.\n\n16 Brought the Chinese sister on the tapis again; but nothing came of the appearance.\n\nIn a supplementary letter, the Commission express their opinion that the Hon'ble Mr Anstey and Mr May acted in perfect good faith throughout...\n\nI believe they were first in the custody of the Police department. The Police sent them up to Mr Mongan, who sent them to Mr Wade, I may have seen them; but to the best of my belief I never saw them. Ma-chow Wong's case came on soon afterwards, and was decided on a matter totally unconnected with these books. One thing besides I can say, that previous to the month of April, after Ma-chow Wong's case had been decided, Mr Mongan came to my office one day and said,--\"What is to be done with the Ma-chow Wong books and papers?\" I said to him \"You had better ask the Governor.\" He said, \"I have been to the Governor, and he told me I had better come and ask you.\" My reply was, \"They are mere rubbish; you had better burn them.\" As near as I can remember this was all that took place. Subsequently the Governor came to me one day while the Caldwell Commission was sitting, and asked me, how it was that those papers came to be burned. I said, \"Mr Mongan came to me, and asked for my advice and I gave it; the matter was not one belonging to my department.\"\n\nCourt.--That ended the matter?\n\nDr Bridges.--That is all. I have been examined about it since in the course of the Caldwell Inquiry.\n\nActing Attorney General (reads paragraph respecting the charge having broken down).--What did you understand by that term?\n\nDr Bridges.--I understood it to mean that the charges brought against Mr Caldwell had failed to be substantiated.\n\nDr Bridges.--I am perfectly willing to admit that.\n\nAttorney General.--Mr Masson, I wish you to produce the Court's Copy of the Colonial Service regulations. It is intituled.--\n\n(Rules and Regulations for H. M. Colonial Service, London, Queen's Printers 1856)\n\nWithin the Titlepage. \"This revised edition of the Rules and Regulations for H. M. Colonial Service has been compiled by the Secretary of State, and is now printed for the information and guidance of the Governors of H. M.'s Colonies, and of all H. M.'s officers subordinate to them....\n\nColonial Office, Downing Street,\n\nMarch 1856.]\n\nMr Masson.--Here it is.\n\nAttorney General.--Will you be good enough to refer to part 3, Section 4 defining the duties of Governors.\n\nMr Masson, (reads).--\n\n[III. S. 4.--\"The duty and power of every officer who may be called upon to administer a Colonial Government are defined in H. M. Commission. and the Instructions, with which he is furnished.\n\nAttorney General.--You have been served with a Sub-pœna duces tecum to produce a circular indorsed.--\n\nCircular Defining the Functions of the Colonial Secretary. Do you produce it?\n\nDr Bridges.--No. I have been out of the service of the Government for nearly two months (Addressing the Court). I wish to put myself entirely in your Lordship's hands as to how far I am to go, with respect to revealing...\n\n7.--With being long and intimately connected with Ma-chow Wong, such connection still subsisting, the principal link being the bond of affinity by adoption according to Chinese laws,--\n\n9.--With having procured bail for Ma-chow Wong, such bail being a servant of his own (Mr C.'s) who had been a month before in prison for debt.\n\n13.--With inducing the Attorney General, at the beginning of 1857, to order the release of a great number of men whom Mr May knows to have been pirates, and whom Mr Caldwell ought to have known at the time were pirates.\n\nAs regarded the conviction on this charge, 13, the Commission expressed their opinion in no measured terms; almost amounting, in fact, to an accusation of connivance at crime.\n\nThe charges dismissed as groundless were 2, 3, 5, 10, 12, 15, 17, 18 and 19. The wording of some of these charges is so gross that we will not quote in full. In brief, without particularizing, it was asserted that he had a scandalous connection with brothels; speculated in such infamies; and at one time was owner of three unlicensed bagnios;--Received rack rents of certain lots on which brothels stand;--Passed part of his life among pirates and outlaws;--Deceived the Executive Council regarding Ma-chow Wong, audaciously denying that his books and papers contained evidence of his guilt--Harbouring Mah's wife after his conviction--Was a member of a secret society, and felt no unwillingness to his wife's exercise of an oily palm.\n\n...good faith throughout; and when we bear in mind that the principal charge broke down through a contemptible, damnable trick on the part of Government--a trick which should certainly be punished in some way or other, for it is farcical to say, we think it only proper that the thanks of the Community should be conveyed to Messrs Anstey and May, for their warm and disinterested efforts on behalf of the public. The destruction of the books is most unfortunate for Mr Caldwell--the honesty or otherwise of his aims is involved in greater mystery than ever.\n\nCharge No 1 was to the effect that Mr D. R. Caldwell was unfit to be a Justice of the Peace. The Commission returned as true the charges quoted in full, but, by a majority of votes, decided that he was not unfit to be a Justice of the Peace. We are accustomed to anomalies and apparent inconsistencies in Hongkong, and feel no surprise at this.--Friend of China, July 28, 1858.\n\nActing Attorney General.--What do you imply from that article?\n\nDr Bridges.--I understand that article to imply that the principal charge against Mr Caldwell broke down through the action of Government, in the destruction of certain books and papers. The principal charge was the connection between Mr Caldwell and Ma-chow Wong, and that there was a partnership existing between them. One of the charges against Mr Caldwell was, that he was a confederate of pirates, and that certain papers tending to establish that charge were missing.\n\nPage 396\n\n(123)",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865",
        "page_number": 298,
        "title": "CO129-109 - Public Offices - 1865",
        "content_text": "| 25 | 28 | Yu she wife 22 the Yuu |\n| 29 | Isan Sau | 12 |\n| 130 | u | 31 |\n|  | wung | 24 Kushin. |\n|  | olo | the wife 17 Cheung, wit, 25 Sansen |\n| 132 | 32 | 100 the wife |\n| 33 | Sanifut | 1434 Yep. The wife |\n| 35 | Yye | 42. |\n| 30 |  | 151 36 Suing the wess 30 |\n|  |  | 54 Chang thing 34 Sarron 58 Jam the wife 32 |\n| 59 | Son and | 296 |\n| Clo | 18 | di- June |\n|  | 19 | dv eFile etill |\n| 60 | daughter in law st | Sartaron July 162 Dan she |\n| 61 | Kwan fat | 28 obile 19 |\n| 63 | Iseu aman | 26 Pot. lo 64 I sangshe wife 24 |\n|  |  | June 65 Son and 13 July |\n| 1.66 | daughter, | Li shang de- |\n| 37 | Yapi | 18 16 |\n| 38 | So the quise | 16 . |\n| 39 | Yap har | 35 Kreishen Mains 267 |\n| 171 | 40 | Seeing the wese 25 |\n| 41 | Cheung Young |  |\n| 42 | So the wife. | Son & |\n| 43 |  | 44 daughter. |\n| 45 | Yep for | chele 135 |\n|  | Sarron | 130 3 13 36 Knashin |\n| 19 | 46 | Jam she wasn 30 |\n| 47 | Iwang track | 20 |\n|  | 45 | Su the wise. |\n|  |  | May June |\n|  |  | May 31 Kuershen 65 Cheung the wf 36 Chan yan 67 |\n| 132 | 9 | 70 ivong the wese 31 |\n| 11 | that San | 10172 So she 32 |\n| 28 | 73 | Meet Yune 30 |\n| 14 | Sau the | Nam how Jan June 6 May 14. July 19 June 23: May 7's Young Tak 29 Kuechen pulle a ter |\n| 75 |  | 26 en 12 |\n| 76 | wo | the 28 Achill 28 Cheung lok |\n| 49 | Isi toat | 217 |\n| 50 | wong she wise | 18 de Jarron |\n|  |  | ༢༡ do کے 19 23 31 24 |\n| 51. | Se chering |  |\n| 52 | San then wise | 24 |\n| 53 | Le b |  |\n| 54 | Cheung the wese | 18. sự |\n| 55 | Se boat twany | 25 56 that she wife 21 dom June July Cham Chen 25 |\n| $345 | Cha the | Yerly. June 19 So han, |\n| 350 | Lan the | 80 ef e. 12% 15 Ab- May 28 May 28 |\n|  | Sarron | A. Sam then f. May 22 et et zestras |\n| 83 | daughter | 5 xo- till 84 Le hing 36 Tango Ken June 13 55 |\n| DEX | 56 daughter | 3 do Vill |\n| 51. | Lang hung Kergon | 35 Sarcon June 35752 Isoi the wife t 25 June 36 55 Un she wifet 20 |",
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    {
        "id": 278123,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-137 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [4-5]",
        "page_number": 136,
        "title": "CO129-137 - Sir MacDonnell - 1869 [4-5]",
        "content_text": "133\n\n[14]\n\nThe Acting Attorney General considering this plea of justification to be informally framed, filed a demurrer to it, the argument of which was impending when I returned to the Colony last December.\n\nDuring the progress of the case up to this point, it appears that many regrettable wrangles between the Bench and the Bar had taken place, as well as scenes in Court such as that which occurred on the examination de bene esse of Governor Da Ponte e Torta and became the subject of an official representation to this Government from that of Macao.\n\nUpon my return to the Colony, I thought it my duty to bring the whole affair formally to the notice of His Excellency the Governor. The official correspondence which then took place and the documents annexed to it explain the whole case in its legal bearing, and show the grounds upon which the Executive decided upon proceeding with the first of the informations.\n& § 0, N°s. 147 & 207.\n\nIn reference to the course adopted by the Executive, I wish to draw particular attention to a letter from the Chief Justice to His Excellency the Governor dated See Appendix A, the 8th August, 1868, in which he strongly urges that the proceedings should be continued with a view to the opinion of a jury being obtained on the merits.\n\nThe whole question received the most careful consideration, which resulted in my addressing a letter to the Crown Solicitor, intended to be made public and thereby prevent any misconstruction as to the basis upon which the proceedings A. Copy of that letter will be found in the Appendix marked B.\n\nThe Chief Justice appears suddenly to have changed his mind, for notwithstanding the views expressed in his letter to His Excellency the Governor above referred to, he repeatedly urged me to enter a nolle prosequi for reasons which appeared to me insufficient and he was greatly irritated upon receiving a copy of my official letter to the Crown Solicitor, which I had sent him with a friendly private note for the purpose of letting him know beforehand the decision that had been arrived at, and in the hope of thereby averting any recurrence of unseemly discussions in Court. He immediately addressed a letter to me which caused me no little surprise. It will be found in the Appendix marked C.\n\nOn the day set down for the argument of the demurrer (10th of February) the Chief Justice took his seat on the Bench. I proceeded to inform the Court of the course which, with the approval of Government, I proposed to take with regard to the prosecution and after considerable opposition on the part of the Chief Justice, the case was once more set in motion. On the 12th of March the Chief Justice delivered his judgment a copy of which is enclosed, together with a copy Appendix D. Enclosure of record and of the record.\n\nThat judgment, I contend, is inaccurate as to its statements of fact and erroneous as to its conclusions of Law.\n\nThe Chief Justice has decided that the Attorney General of this Colony has no power to file an ex officio information for libel.\n\nThat if he has that power, it is, at all events, not vested in the Acting Attorney General.\n\nHe condemns the Crown in costs without argument and notwithstanding my protest, and this is all the more singular that even if the record disclosed a private prosecution the only costs recoverable by the Defendant are those of his plea of justification where he has obtained a verdict in his favor upon it.\nSee Achill Newm 1 Dearsby, C. C. p 137.\n\n[15]\n\nFurther, the Chief Justice has taken upon himself to decide that the gross charges against Governor Amaral published by the Defendant are no libel—and if only on this ground, I think it is due to the Government of Macao that an appeal should be prosecuted.\n\nI think it is very unfortunate that when the Governor of the neighbouring and friendly Colony of Macao is grossly assailed through the medium of English and Portuguese Newspapers established in Hongkong and proceedings are taken to vindicate his character before a jury, the Judge should himself decide the question of libel or no libel and the plea of justification and instead of confining himself to the points of Law raised on the record, should turn his judgment into an address to the public and import into it attacks upon individuals who have no opportunity to defend themselves.\n\nOne consequence resulting from the judgment, is that the Defendant has published an unfair report of the proceedings avowedly for the purpose of circulation among British Colonies in the shape of a pamphlet with the \"sensation\" title of “A Crown attempt to crush a Newspaper\" and I am deterred from taking any steps to restrain him by the conviction of their utter futility, a conviction which must be shared by every one who has read the judgment delivered by the Chief Justice. In every point of view, as a Member of the Government, as a Member of the Bar and as a Member of the Community, I hope this judgment will be appealed against, and as Attorney General, I have no hesitation in recording my opinion that it is erroneous in every point of Law.\n\n31st March, 1869.\n\nJULIAN PAUNCEFOTE, Attorney General.\n\n1",
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    {
        "id": 281628,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-144 - Sir MacDonnell & Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [3-5]",
        "page_number": 190,
        "title": "CO129-144 - Sir MacDonnell & Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1870 [3-5]",
        "content_text": "## \n21. \n\n183 \n\n[14] \n\nThe Acting Attorney General, considering this plea of justification to be informally framed, filed a demurrer to it, the argument of which was impending when I returned to the Colony last December. \n\nDuring the progress of the case up to this point, it appears that many regrettable wrangles between the Bench and the Bar had taken place, as well as scenes in Court such as that which occurred on the examination *de bene esse* of Governor Da Ponte e Horta and became the subject of an official representation to this Government from that of Macao. \n\nUpon my return to the Colony, I thought it my duty to bring the whole affair formally to the notice of His Excellency the Governor. The official correspondence which then took place and the documents annexed to it explain the whole case in its legal bearing, and show the grounds upon which the Executive decided upon proceeding with the first of the informations. See Appendix `C. 8. 6. 209, 147 & 987`.\n\nIn reference to the course adopted by the Executive, I wish to draw particular attention to a letter from the Chief Justice to His Excellency the Governor dated the 8th August, 1868, in which he strongly urges that the proceedings should be continued with a view to the opinion of a jury being obtained on the merits. See Appendix A.\n\nThe whole question received the most careful consideration, which resulted in my addressing a letter to the Crown Solicitor, intended to be made public and thereby prevent any misconstruction as to the basis upon which the proceedings should be carried on and as to the views and objects of the Government. A copy of that letter will be found in the Appendix marked B.\n\nThe Chief Justice appears suddenly to have changed his mind, for notwithstanding the views expressed in his letter to His Excellency the Governor above referred to, he repeatedly urged me to enter a *nolle prosequi* for reasons which appeared to me insufficient, and he was greatly irritated upon receiving a copy of my official letter to the Crown Solicitor, which I had sent him with a friendly private note for the purpose of letting him know beforehand the decision that had been arrived at, and in the hope of thereby averting any recurrence of unsemly discussions in Court. He immediately addressed a letter to me which caused me no little surprise. It will be found in the Appendix marked C.\n\nOn the day set down for the argument of the demurrer (10th of February) I proceeded to inform the Court; the Chief Justice took his seat on the Bench, \n\nthe course which, with the approval of Government, I proposed to take with regard to the prosecution, and after considerable opposition on the part of the Chief Justice, the case was once more set in motion. On the 12th of March the Chief Justice delivered his judgment, a copy of which is enclosed, together with a copy of the record. See Appendix D.\n\nThat judgment, I contend, is inaccurate as to its statements of fact and erroneous as to its conclusions of Law.\n\nThe Chief Justice has decided that the Attorney General of this Colony has no power to file an *ex officio* information for libel.\n\nThat if he has that power, it is, at all events, not vested in the Acting Attorney General.\n\nHe condemns the Crown in costs without argument and notwithstanding my protest, and this is all the more singular that even if the record disclosed a private prosecution, the only costs recoverable by the Defendant are those of his plea of justification where he has obtained a verdict in his favor upon it. See *Achilli v. Newman*, 1 De Gexby, C. C. 181.\n\n[15] \n\nFurther, the Chief Justice has taken upon himself to decide that the gross charges against Governor Amaral published by the Defendant are no libel—and if only on this ground, I think it is due to the Government of Macao that an appeal should be prosecuted.\n\nI think it is very unfortunate that when the Governor of the neighbouring and friendly Colony of Macao is grossly assailed through the medium of English and Portuguese Newspapers established in Hongkong, and proceedings are taken to vindicate his character before a jury, the Judge should himself decide the question of libel or no libel and the plea of justification, and instead of confining himself to the points of Law raised on the record, should turn his judgment into an address to the public and import into it attacks upon individuals who have no opportunity to defend themselves.\n\nOne consequence resulting from the judgment is that the Defendant has published an unfair report of the proceedings, avowedly for the purpose of circulation among British Colonies in the shape of a pamphlet with the \"sensation\" title of \"A Crown attempt to crush a Newspaper\", and I am deterred from taking any steps to restrain him by the conviction of their utter futility, a conviction which must be shared by every one who has read the judgment delivered by the Chief Justice.\n\nIn every point of view, as a Member of the Government, as a Member of the Bar, and as a Member of the Community, I hope this judgment will be appealed against, and as Attorney General, I have no hesitation in recording my opinion that it is erroneous in every point of Law.\n\n31st March, 1869.\n\n**JULIAN PAUNCEFOTE, Attorney General**",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-149 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1871 [1-4]",
        "page_number": 200,
        "title": "CO129-149 - Lieut Governor Whitfield - 1871 [1-4]",
        "content_text": "## MINUTE\n\nMilestone  \nMinques E. Edasifer  \nLithopy Aktorze  \nJannario de huz  \nA L  \nb  \nGuamace  \nHigh Kyani Consalve  \nBraien  \nU. F. Gre  \nI. L. Britto  \nJ. M. Sanches  \nAchille S. Oliveira  \nAdadin  \nJung Daranjong  \nC8 Crate  \nIN Deletion  \nPeash  \nIn Folan  \nThe Howard H. M. Leisen  \nArchibald Kauff. Frut First Als. Authen  \nE. Andrews  \nA Growel  \nFlat Goodwine  \nFor Davis H. W. Turker  \nM. Silvas Lean Sibe Francisco of Somes  \nTheta Wirquined Augusto & Conver  \nMamiturs J. F. Richardson  \nMacdonald  \n\n205-3466. Hong Kong Officer Admin Regd. Hong Rang ber 46  \n\nMINUTE  \nJZ (44.15)  \nLand whent  \nM: Hugossen Fard of n...  \n1871 PL 17  \nH.b. 379 of 1871.  \nKen 198  \nX  \nDoringplusl  \n18 April 1871  \n\nI have to acknowledge the receipt of your despatch of the 21 Feb. 2:25 forwarding a despatch from Pelition Z me G canonis Rumbers for connumby: the Connect praying for the abolition of the present system of licensing brothels and gaming houses.",
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    {
        "id": 299495,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "page_number": 332,
        "title": "CO129-176 - Public Offices & Others - 1876",
        "content_text": "327\n\n720\n\nL'ÉCONOMISTE FRANÇAIS.\n\nqui était de 140 millions en 1839, n'est plus que de 25 en 1861. C'est là le motif de la dépression éprouvée par le marché parisien; une des conséquences de la guerre de sécession et de la fermeture du marché américain qui pèse encore sur la situation actuelle. Tels sont les enseignements que nous fournissent les registres douaniers parisiens en ce qui concerne le passage du régime de la protection à la liberté. Nous allons leur demander d'autres enseignements au point de vue des conséquences des années 1870 et 1871. Les calculs, comme précédemment, sont en millions.\n\nImportation. Exportation.\n\n1869. 200 978\n\n1870. 440 166\n\n1871. 116 108\n\n1872. 238 208\n\n1873. 240 305\n\n1874. 268 379\n\n1875. 312 506\n\nL'année 1869 avait été excessivement prospère au point de vue de l'importation; elle avait dépassé l'année précédente, qui n'avait atteint que 184 millions. On voit qu'en 1870 et 1871, la chute a été surtout profonde pour le commerce d'exportation, qui dans la seconde de ces années a diminué de plus de 30%. En effet, le travail a été suspendu pendant neuf mois consécutifs; l'importation était moins grièvement atteinte, par le fait d'un mouvement nécessaire en ce qui concernait l'alimentation et les armes. Le relèvement, du reste, a été prompt, car le chiffre total d'importation et d'exportation, qui n'était que de 478 millions en 1869, est arrivé à 533 en 1872. Depuis, il a dépassé 800 millions, ainsi qu'on l'a déjà dit.\n\nPeut-être, en ces temps d'oscillations de la valeur des métaux, n'est-il pas sans importance de donner les chiffres de l'entrée et de la sortie des valeurs métalliques à la douane de Paris. Voici les totaux or et argent confondus; les calculs sont en millions.\n\nImportation. Exportation.\n\n1869. 67 17\n\n1870. 47 12\n\n1871. 32 74\n\n1872. 143 61\n\n1873. 450 40\n\n1874. 191 8\n\n1875. 191 8 (1)\n\nCes chiffres, plus encore que les précédents, reflètent les destinées agitées de la grande ville, aussi bien que celles de la France. L'importation des métaux diminue par suite des troubles. Paris avait reçu 67 millions de métaux précieux en 1869 et, en 1871, le chiffre n'est plus que de 32. A partir de cette époque, la masse importée est plus considérable que jamais; elle atteint plus de 191 millions en 1875. Quant à l'exportation, elle subit un mouvement inverse. Il est bon de remarquer que la douane de Paris a toujours reçu de l'étranger plus de métaux précieux qu'elle ne lui en a envoyés, excepté en 1871, où l'exportation a doublé l'importation. Les deux chiffres sont, du reste, exceptionnels; dans les six dernières années, Paris n'a jamais reçu aussi peu de métaux précieux et n'en a autant envoyé au dehors qu'en 1871 et 1872.\n\nAvant de quitter les chiffres généraux fournis par la douane parisienne, quelques remarques sont encore à faire. Les plus gros chiffres de l'importation pour Paris sont toujours ceux portés sous la rubrique: Tissus, passementeries, rubans de laine. Ce chapitre arrive parfois jusqu'à 30 millions. Puis viennent trois objets d'alimentation: le café, le sucre étranger et le cacao. Puis les tissus, passementeries et rubans de coton, arrivant souvent à 10 millions. La nomenclature générale contient une multitude d'articles, matières premières ou demi-manufacturées, que Paris renvoie à l'état consommable à l'étranger, de qui il les tient. Quant à l'exportation, les tissus, passementeries et rubans de soie ou de laine en forment la masse principale. Il y a toujours de ce chef plus de 100 millions. Puis viennent, dans l'ordre suivant, des articles absolument parisiens: mercerie et boutons, peaux ouvrées et préparées, habillements, pièces de lingerie cousues, orfèvrerie et bijouterie, etc.\n\nEnfin, il peut être intéressant de comparer le chiffre total du commerce extérieur de Paris et celui du commerce extérieur de la France. Voici les chiffres pour l'ensemble des douanes, et pour la douane spéciale de Paris. Les calculs sont toujours en millions.\n\nAnnée. Paris. La France.\n\n1869. 478 6,327\n\n1870. 345 5,641\n\n1871. 224 3,438\n\n1872. 533 7,331\n\n1873. 545 7,341\n\n1874. 645 7,208\n\n1875. 818 7,400\n\nL'ÉCONOMISTE FRANÇAIS.\n\nCoblentz. Bochumi\n\n542 1.89 7.231 34.12\n\n26.030 2.084\n\nSAMEDI 2 DÉCEMBRE 1876,\n\nSAMEDI 2 DÉCEMBRE 1876.\n\nProvinces\n\nPrusse.... Brandebourg. Pomeranie..\n\nRoyaume de Prusse.\n\nPopulation présente.\n\n1875. 1871.\n\n3.200.484 3.137.155\n\n3.132.483 2.863.438\n\n1.462.310 1.401.633\n\nAccroissement de la pop. de 1874 à 1873 Total.\n\nBonn... 28.114\n\n8.01\n\n0/0 habit.\n\nHalberstadt.. 27.800 25.419 2.381\n\n9.37\n\nStralsund. 27.796 26.731 1.065\n\n3.98\n\n62.939\n\n269.325\n\n2.01 9.41\n\nBrandebourg-s.-H. 27.434 25.822 1.612\n\n6.24\n\nSpandau. 27.057 20.606 6.431\n\n31.21\n\n30.877\n\n2.14\n\nBielefeld. 26.674 21.834 4.740\n\n21.17\n\nPosen. 1.608.956 1.583.843 25.143\n\n1.59\n\nSilésie 3.881.950 3.707.167 174.783\n\n3.94\n\nFlensbourg 26.525 22.897 3.628\n\n15.84\n\n2.103.245\n\n68.613\n\n3.26\n\nRemscheid. 26.120 22.774 3.346\n\n14.69\n\nSchleswig-Holstein.. 1.026.004 995.873 30.131\n\n3.03\n\nKönigshütte. 26.032 19.536 6.496\n\n33.75\n\nL'Etat prussien -- 24.643.813 (4) 23.080.241\n\n1.563.572\n\n6.77\n\nCharlottenbourg 132.020 118.224\n\n13.796\n\n7.4\n\nHagen....... 60.532 56.953\n\n3.579\n\n6.36\n\n63.558\n\n1.456\n\n4.38\n\nGuben....\n\nNorthausen..\n\nNeustadt-Magdebourg.. 24.144 20.412 3.732\n\n18.28\n\n23.738 21.412 2.326\n\n10.86\n\n25.900 19.518 6.382\n\n32.70\n\n24.218 20.070 4.148\n\n20.07\n\n2.400\n\nHanau.. 22.730 20.292 2.438\n\n12.01\n\nHildesheim.. 22.666 20.801 1.865\n\n8.07\n\n19.90\n\n2.80\n\n15.60 7.19\n\n848\n\nOn voit combien les destinées industrielles de la France sont étroitement liées à celles de Paris: la nation et la grande ville tombent et se relèvent en même temps.\n\nOn a dit que Paris possédait, comme toutes les grandes villes pourvues de douanes, un entrepôt. Il occupe le neuvième rang pour la quantité de tonnes entreposées, et le cinquième pour la valeur des marchandises qui transitent peu, à la différence de ce qui se passe dans les autres villes et sont consommées ou transformées sur place. L'entrée annuelle moyenne est de 35 millions, et la sortie de 25, soit 10 millions de marchandises existant dans les entrepôts. Les admissions temporaires pour Paris consistent surtout en fer, fonte, tôles et aciers, qui repartent à l'état de fonte moulée, articles de ferronneries, tels que clous, chaînes, ustensiles de ménage et en outils d'acier et objets de fantaisie de même matière. On admet encore temporairement une grande quantité d'étoffes de diverses natures.\n\nEn 1874, il est entré 383,000 kilogrammes de mérinos écru, estimés 4 millions 304,000 francs et qui sont ressortis imprimés et valant plus de 5 millions; 12,000 kilogrammes de châles écrus, valant 176,000 francs, sont repartis avec une estimation de 1 million 287,000 francs. Tel est, dans son ensemble, l'organisme douanier, établi à Paris et dépendant de l'administration centrale.\n\nDe prime abord, il semble que l'octroi municipal soit aussi pour la ville une sorte de ligne douanière permettant de se rendre compte de la totalité du mouvement commercial non constaté par l'Etat. Les villes libres du moyen âge, qui étaient des républiques autonomes, pouvaient chiffrer toutes les entrées et toutes les sorties. La ville des doges, Venise, avait sa douane, dogana. L'administration parisienne n'a eu en vue que l'application de taxes sur certains objets de façon à se procurer une certaine somme. Il a été expliqué ici que l'octroi n'a d'abord atteint que les objets d'alimentation. Lentement et sous l'empire d'impérieux besoins, on a frappé certaines matières industrielles. Il n'y a rien là de pareil aux états douaniers enregistrant toutes choses.\n\nPeut-être des quantités de boissons entrées pourrait-on tirer des déductions sur la marche de l'industrie. Mais les états sont récents. En 1872, on a 899 millions de kilogrammes; en 1873, c'est 896 millions, et, en 1874, on n'a plus que 673 millions. Ces chiffres subissent, dans une mesure parfois considérable, des modifications dues à la température.\n\nLa ville de Paris possède aussi ses entrepôts. L'un d'eux est le célèbre entrepôt des vins, situé près du Jardin des Plantes. Il en existe d'autres pour toutes les matières d'octroi, moins les boissons, les bestiaux, les charbons, etc. Il existe en outre 13 entrepôts fictifs, qui permettent d'entrer en franchise certaines matières et de les réexporter hors la ville, ainsi qu'on fait en matière d'admission temporaire et de réexportation avec l'étranger. Une partie seulement des matières premières de l'industrie parisienne devant subir ces formalités, les chiffres généraux ne semblent point utiles à connaître.\n\nTel est le mouvement de cette douane de Paris, dont les résultats annuels sont seuls publiés par l'administration, tandis que les états mensuels n'en parlent point. Il est pourtant plus considérable qu'en certains royaumes tout entiers, car la est, au point de vue des affaires, le cœur même de la France.\n\nACHILLE MERCIER.\n\nLA POPULATION DE L'EMPIRE D'ALLEMAGNE, PREMIERS RÉSULTATS PUBLIÉS DU DÉNOMBREMENT EFFECTUÉ\n\nLE 31 DÉCEMBRE 1875.\n\nLe bureau de statistique de Berlin vient de publier une partie des résultats du recensement général de la population fait le 31 décembre dernier.\n\nVoici le résumé de cette opération pour le royaume de Prusse.\n\nHanovre.... Westphalie. Resse-Nassau. Prov. du Rhin... Hohenzollern.\n\nDe toutes les provinces de la Prusse, ce sont les deux provinces de la rive gauche du Rhin où l'augmentation de la population a été la plus forte. Ainsi la Westphalie, qui, en 1871, comptait 1,778,175 habitants, en compte, en 1875, 1,907,195, soit une augmentation de 132,020 ou 7 1/2%. La province du Rhin, qui, en 1871, comptait 3,579,347 habitants, en compte, en 1875, 3,807,120; augmentation, 227,773, ou 6 1/3%.\n\nLes autres provinces sont loin d'arriver à des chiffres pareils, excepté la province de Brandebourg, dont l'augmentation a été de 1871 à 1875, de 269,325 habitants, soit 9 1/2%, chiffre dans lequel, il est vrai, Berlin et Charlottenbourg entrent pour 148,675.\n\nC'est aussi dans les provinces du Rhin et de la Westphalie que se trouvent le plus grand nombre de villes où l'augmentation de la population a atteint des proportions considérables.\n\nAinsi, sur 36 villes de l'Etat prussien au-dessus de 20,000 habitants, 18 appartiennent à ces deux provinces, et, parmi ces 18 villes, presque toutes ont fourni un accroissement de population variant de 10 à 34%.\n\nAinsi l'on peut voir, par le tableau suivant, que la population de Düsseldorf s'est accrue en quatre ans de 11,385 habitants ou de 16.41%\n\nCelle de Barmen......\n\nCologne\n\nKœnigsberg.\n\nDanzig\n\nMagdebourg.\n\nBarmen\n\n+\n\nKotbus.\n\nTrèves..\n\n721\n\n22.650 18.881 3.769\n\n22.042 21.442 600\n\n21.444\n\nLandsberg a. Warthe.\n\n18.551 2.893\n\nMulhausen en Thüringe. 20.938 19.515 1.420\n\nStargard....\n\n20.186 17.280 2.906\n\n16.82\n\nPour la Prusse entière, l'augmentation a été de 1,417,230 ou de 4.34%.\n\nVoici maintenant les résultats afférents aux autres États de l'Allemagne :\n\nEn Bavière, l'augmentation a été de 161,382 habitants (3,024,832 contre 2,863,450 en 1871);\n\nEn Saxe, de 203,098 (soit 2,760,342 contre 2,557,244 en 1871);\n\nEn Wurtemberg de 62,906 habitants (soit 1,881,505 contre 1,818,539 en 1874);\n\nDans le grand-duché de Bade, de 44,989 (soit 1,306,831 contre 1,261,362 en 1871);\n\nEn Hesse, de 29,455 (soit 882,350 contre 852,894 en 1871);\n\nEn Saxe-Weimar, de 6,750 (soit 292,933 contre 286,183 en 1874);\n\n+\n\nEn Oldenbourg, de 4,723 (soit 319,314 contre 314,591 en 1871);\n\nBrunswick, de 15,323 (soit 327,403 contre 312,170 en 1871);\n\nSaxe-Meiningen de 6,537 (soit 194,494 contre 187,957 en 1871);\n\nSaxe-Altenbourg, de 3,722 (soit 145,844 contre 142,122 en 1871);\n\nSaxe-Cobourg-Gotha, de 8,334 (soit 182,676 contre 174,339 en 1871);\n\nAnhalt, de 18,252 (soit 213,689 contre 203,437 en 1871);\n\nSchwarzbourg-Rudolstadt, de 1,133 (76,676 contre 75,543 en 1874);\n\nSchwarzbourg-Sonderhausen, de 289 (soit 62,480 contre 67,074 en 1870);\n\nReuss (ligne ainée), de 1,891 (soit 46,988 contre 45,094 en 1871);\n\nReuss (ligne cadette), de 3,343 (soit 92,375 contre 89,032 en 1871);\n\n21.75 Schaumbourg-Lippe, de 882 (soit 32,941 contre 32,059 en 1871);\n\nLippe, de 3,119 (soit 114,234 contre 111,115 en 1871);\n\nLubeck, de 4,754 (soit 56,912 contre 52,158);\n\nBrême, de 20,243 (soit 142,645 contre 122,402);\n\nHambourg, de 49,644 (soit 388,618 contre 338,974).\n\nD'un autre côté, le chiffre de la population a diminué dans les quatre États suivants :\n\nMecklenbourg-Schwerin, de 1,334, soit 1.38%;\n\nWaldeck, de 1,551 hab., soit 2,38%;\n\nLuxembourg, de 738, soit 1.49%;\n\nAlsace-Lorraine, de 20,330, soit 1.32%.\n\nEn résumé, l'empire d'Allemagne comptait, en 1875, 42,756,910 habitants; c'est, en 4 ans, une augmentation de 4.13%, ou de 1.03% par an.\n\nSi, dans certaines villes, l'accroissement de la population a été beaucoup plus considérable, puisqu'il a atteint en 4 ans jusqu'à 22.28 et même 34%, cette augmentation ne peut être considérée comme normale: elle vient de ce que, en 1871, 1872 et 1873, l'industrie allemande a pris, dans ces localités, un développement hors de toutes proportions.\n\nAujourd'hui que, par suite de ce même développement exagéré, l'industrie allemande se trouve traverser une crise des plus sérieuses, il est à présumer que le courant qui amenait les ouvriers des campagnes vers les villes de fabriques va cesser et qu'un courant contraire va s'établir.\n\nNéanmoins, on n'a pu encore constater jusqu'à présent...",
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        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "page_number": 178,
        "title": "CO129-181 - Governor Hennessy - 1878 [1-8]",
        "content_text": "## THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 16TH FEBRUARY, 1878.\n\n176 \n48 \n\nMr. Ng Choy then read the English translation, which is as follows:--\n\n\"To His Excellency JOHN POPE HENNESSY, C.M.G., Governor, and Commander-in-Chief of the Colony of Hongkong and its Dependencies, &c., &c., &c.\n\n\"MAY IT PLEASE YOUR EXCELLENCY, We on behalf of the Chinese Community of Hongkong are grateful to Your Excellency for the honour you have done us by paying a visit here on this occasion. The Colony has been established now for about 36 years, and this Hospital for 9 years, but we believe it is the first instance in the history of Hongkong of a Governor making a formal call on the Chinese on the occasion of their New Year.\n\n\"Your Excellency's liberal policy of treating and respecting all classes of people alike over whom you govern, without distinction of race, is well known and appreciated by us all, and if an illustration is needed, this visit is another instance of it. Your Excellency has not been long with us, but we feel certain in this, that in Your Excellency we have a just, impartial, and humane Governor. The active steps taken by Your Excellency to relieve the sufferings of the wounded persons occasioned by the sad catastrophe of the Fesso are beyond all praise and fully confirm our opinion. Your Excellency took a deep interest in their unfortunate case and personally visited them both in Gaol and in this Hospital, and when some of the prisoners in the Gaol had attended on them, Your Excellency, as an approval of their conduct, considerately pardoned them according to the degrees of offences of which they have been convicted.\n\n\"We may, therefore, safely conclude that from Your Excellency we need fear no harsh measures or class enactments which may press hardly on us, but that whatever measures enacted during the tenure of your high office will, we may be sure, tend to increase the prosperity of the Colony and to promote the welfare of all the inhabitants, natives as well as foreigners. In conclusion, we beg again to thank Your Excellency for your kind visit to-day: we heartily wish Your Excellency and Mrs. HENNESSY happiness and prosperity, and trust that Your Excellency may long remain as Governor of this Colony.\"\n\nHis Excellency then said:-\"Mr. LEONG-ON, and Members of the Committee of this Hospital,-I receive with the greatest satisfaction the address that has now been presented to me. You say that it is my policy to make no distinction between any class, or creed, or nationality; but, in truth, that is not my policy alone, it is the policy of the Sovereign I have the honour to represent. When we remember that England is the greatest colonial empire on the face of the globe, the reason is that that policy of perfect fair play and justice to all is the Colonial policy of the British Government; and I say this in the presence of my gallant friend, Admiral HILLYAR, who in all quarters of the globe has seen that policy carried out by himself and everyone who represents the Queen of England. It is the fixed policy of England. The result certainly is gratifying to all of us, and must be gratifying to Her Majesty's Government.\n\n\"Here in this Colony, established six and thirty years, what do we find to-day? We find that Hongkong's commercial movement exceeds, far exceeds, the whole of the West Indian Islands. We know also that in the value of its shipping and commerce it exceeds the flourishing colonies in Australia. The value of this commerce is immense and it is of great advantage to England. Well, in developing that commerce, no doubt England sent to this Colony and still sends here commercial men well fitted for the task, but these men are assisted by those I see round me to-day. Is there nothing that we Europeans can learn from the Chinese community of Hongkong? What causes commercial greatness?-Industry, temperance, probity in commercial dealings. All these are characteristics of the Chinese that I am now addressing; and I say there is no country in Europe that may not learn an example in commercial probity, in the strict payment of debts, in industry, from the Chinese community of Hongkong.\n\n\"You have touched in your address upon that sad calamity which occurred not long ago in this Colony by which nearly a hundred persons were killed. Even from such an event, we may take some useful lessons, and in connection with it, there is something which we ought to be proud of. In critical times; and that terrible event showed that in the Harbour of Hongkong we had an adequate representative of the British Navy, for with promptitude the signal was made by Admiral HILLYAR, and from every one of Her Majesty's ships in the Harbour, there went instantly a medical officer to attend upon the wounded. It is public spirit of that kind; that zeal, promptitude, and readiness for duty which has always distinguished the British Navy, that has made it successful in the past, and which at this very moment, perhaps while I am speaking, may be again demanded on the part of ships in Her Majesty's service to maintain the honour of our flag. Therefore, I say that from what then occurred, we ourselves can learn a useful lesson.\n\n\"I rejoice to know that amongst the naval officers present to-day is the medical attendant in the Admiral's own ship, who, I understand, is about to receive from you some testimony of the appreciation, the just and proper appreciation, that you entertain of the devotion with which that gentleman discharged the duties he then undertook.\n\n\"This institution has done an immense amount of good. That there should be benevolent institutions wherever there is a Chinese community, we all know. We know that in all the great cities of China, there are institutions where the aged and destitute are cared for; and why should there not be such institutions in Hongkong? The whole expenses of this institution are defrayed by the voluntary contributions of the Chinese community, and I am happy to remind you that the EARL OF KIMBERLEY, while he was Principal Secretary of State for the Colonies, conveyed to my predecessor, Sir ARTHUR KENNEDY, the sense of Her Majesty's Government of the admirable example that the Chinese community had set in establishing this institution; and I shall now be able, from the visit I have paid to-day, and from the minute inspection that the Admiral and myself have made of this Hospital, to do that which my predecessors have done,-bear testimony to the admirable way in which it has been conducted.\n\n\"It has been my duty to visit many hospitals; men in my position must do so; but I am bound to say that I have never gone through the wards of any hospital in any country in which I found better ventilation, and less of that hospital character, that we so often see, and unfortunately so often experience, than in this building. I see that in this institution you understand the great value of cleanliness and fresh air. One of my predecessors, Sir RICHARD MACDONNELL, speaking at this table perhaps, and referring to his visit, made a similar observation, adding that it would be a fortunate thing for the Colony, if our own Civil Hospital had been so well built, and if the windows, doors and other means of ventilation were as adequately constructed as you have them here.\n\n\"Now, gentlemen, I do not on this occasion desire to sit down without bearing my testimony also, as Governor of this Colony, to what has been, from time to time, done by the Committee of this Hospital on other subjects of public importance. Many years ago, the attention of the Government was directed to a scandal, which also attracted the notice of my gallant friend, Admiral HILLYAR, the evils of the coolie trade, and one of my predecessors called the attention of the Secretary of State to the fact that the communications from the Tung Wah Hospital were those which gave him the first intimation of the evils perpetrated in that trade. While the Government of that day had to thank the Committee of the Tung Wah Hospital, it is my duty now publicly to do the same.\n\n\"It is not many weeks since you drew the attention of the Government to that which undoubtedly was a grave abuse. You brought to my notice the fact that it was the practice to issue tickets to Chinese Emigrants in this Colony for a certain sum of money; the tickets purported that that sum was paid in full, whereas, as you pointed out, in reality but a very small sum was paid, and the emigrant was expected to bind himself for so long a period as two years, to work off his passage, in the sugar plantations of the Sandwich Islands. That was an infraction of our law. It was you who drew our attention to it, and it is my public duty to thank you, as I now do, for the valuable information you thus conveyed to the Government.\n\n\"I am sure I only express the sentiments of the European gentlemen that I see around me, and of my gallant friend, Admiral HILLYAR, and of his Officers, in cordially wishing you a happy New Year, and long continued prosperity; and I need hardly add that if I can in any way promote that prosperity, it will afford me indeed great satisfaction when the time comes, and I make up my own accounts, on leaving this Colony.\"\n\nMr. NG CHOY then interpreted the substance of His Excellency's speech to the Chinese present, a great majority of whom did not understand English.\n\nMr. WAI AKWONG then rose to present a silver cup to Dr. MOWLL, for the services he rendered to the sufferers by the explosion of the S.S. Yesso. The cup is very handsomely chased in Chinese style, and is a piece of exquisite workmanship from Canton. It stands on a nicely carved black-wood pedestal, and bears the following inscription:-\"Presented to Rd. W. MOWLL, Esq., M.D., R.N., by the Chinese Community of Hongkong, as an expression of their high estimation of his medical abilities, and gratitude for his kind attention as displayed towards the sufferers from the accident on board the S.S. Yesso, 22nd November, 1877, Hongkong.\" In presenting it to Dr. MOWLL, Mr. WAI AKWONG said it was a small token of their esteem and gratitude, and he begged the doctor to accept it.\n\nDr. MOWLL replied in a few appropriate words, and said no one deplored the sad accident more than he did, and that in attending on the sufferers, he was only doing his duty for the cause of humanity. He thanked the Chinese for their kind gift, and said he would ever prize it.\n\nTea was again brought in, and after sipping it, His Excellency rose to depart. The Chinese Band again struck up, and a salute of three salvoes was fired.\n\n## THE HONGKONG GOVERNMENT GAZETTE, 16TH FEBRUARY, 1878.\n\n49 \n\n### No. 29.\n\n## GOVERNMENT NOTIFICATION.\n\n### FAMINE. NORTH-CHINA.\n\nThe following Papers in reference thereto, are published for general information.\n\nBy Command,\n\nColonial Secretary's Office, Hongkong, 15th February, 1878.\n\nJ. GARDINER AUSTIN, Colonial Secretary.\n\n### CHINESE FAMINE RELIEF FUND,\n\n### SHANGHAI, 29th January, 1878.\n\nSir,-In name of the Chinese Famine Relief Committee, we take the liberty of addressing you on the subject of the Famine now raging in the North of China. The accounts that have reached the Committee are most distressing and there is occasion for immediate action in the matter. These accounts have been published in the local papers here, and we beg to refer you to them for information. It will be seen that the Famine extends over at least four provinces, Shensi, Shansi, Chilli, and Homan, and is far more terrible than it was last year in Shantung. It includes a population of nine millions, thousands of whom are dying daily from sheer starvation. Not only are women and children being freely sold for a mere pittance, but human flesh is resorted to as a means of subsistence in many instances.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 317884,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "page_number": 135,
        "title": "CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9]",
        "content_text": "## RETURN of VESSELS bringing CHINESE PASSENGERS to the Port of Victoria, Hongkong,-( Continued). \n\n| No. | DATE ARRIVED | SHIP'S NAME | TONS | NATION-ALITY | ADULTS | CHILDREN | MASTER'S NAME | WHERE FROM | TOTAL |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |\n|  | Brought forward... |  |  |  | 11,581 | 69 |  |  | 11,713 |\n| 69 | 32 April | Glenfiuia, str. | 1,935 | British | 34 |  | Hogg | Straits Settlements | 34 |\n| 70 | 4 | Moray, str. | 1,427 | ** | 4 |  | Butcher | ԲՐ | 4 |\n| 71 | 8 | Sarpedon, str. |  |  | 208 |  |  |  | 208 |\n| 72 | 20 | Rajanattianuhar, str. |  |  | 138 |  |  |  | 138 |\n|  | Brought forward... |  | 185,219 |  | 21,550 | 193 |  |  | 21,538 |\n| 73 | 20 | Japan, str. | 1,865 |  | 200 | 21 | Gardner |  | 200 |\n| 74 | 21 | T. Hook, str. | 902 | British | 263 |  | Bradly | Bangkok | 263 |\n| 78 | 4 | Danube, str. | 561 |  | 32 | 3 | Clancby | Bangkok, Port Darwin | 39 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 35 |\n|  | 5 | Mee Foo, str. | 1,284 | Chinese | 132 |  | Canningham | San Francisco, Cooktown, Honolulu, Townsville | 203 |\n|  |  | Cheang Huck Kian, str. | 956 | British | 142 |  | Webb | Straits Settlements | 53 |\n|  | 22 | Meath, str. | 1,387 |  | 140 |  | Johnson | Brisbane | 73 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 256 |\n|  | 6 | Stentor, str. | 1,804 |  | 82 |  | Kirkpatrick | Sydney | 9 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 84 |  |  |  | 75 |\n|  | 6 | Canton, str. | 1,095 |  | 60 |  | Jaques | Melbourne | 35 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  |  | 60 |\n|  | 6 | Septima, str. | 783 | German | 63 |  | Petersen | Honolulu | 65 |\n|  | 22 | Rohilla, str. | 2,227 |  | 100 |  | Barratt | Straits Settlements | 143 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |\n|  | 11 | Glenene, str. | 1,901 | British | 160 |  | Gulland | Straits Settlements | 1+ |\n|  | 22 | Gleneara, str. | 1,410 |  | 120 |  | Duke |  | 144 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 120 |  |  |  | 120 |\n|  | 23 | Consolation, str. | 764 | \" | 74 |  | Young | Bangkok | 77 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 74 |  |  |  | 74 |\n|  | 17 | Ulysses, str. | 1,500 | 가 | 200 |  | Thompson | Fort Darwin, Port Darwin, Cooktown | 145 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 98 |\n|  | 18 | Brisbane, str. | 891 |  | 228 |  | Craig | Sydney | 130 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 9 |  |  |  | 13 |\n|  | 14 | Bowen, str. | 844 |  |  |  | Darke | Townsville | 147 |\n|  | 29 | Carisbrooke, str. | 960 |  | 302 |  | Wharton | Straits Settlements, Sydney | 310 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 148 |\n|  | 30 | Danube, str. | 661 |  | 90 |  | Clanchy | Bangkok, Dunedin, N.Z. | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 149 |\n| July | 1 | Antenor, str. | 1,644 | 2) | 250 |  | Bragg | Straits Settlements, Melbourne | 250 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 17 |  |  |  | 150 |\n|  | 27 | China, str. | 1,037 |  | 210 |  | Cale | Straits Settlements | 27 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 200 |  |  |  | 80 |\n|  | + | Patroclus, str. | 1,650 |  | 196 |  | White | Straits Settlements | 151 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 196 |  |  |  | 196 |\n|  | 4 | Suez, str. | 1,390 |  | 160 |  | Dodd |  | 77 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 81 |\n|  | 21 | Zambesi, str. | 1,540 |  | 33 |  | Symons |  | 152 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 39 |  |  |  | 39 |\n|  | 19 | Achille, str. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  | Arratoon Apcar, str. | 1,392 | \" | 216 | 10 | McConnell |  | 231 |\n|  | 5 | Metapedia, str. | 1,453 |  | 81 |  | Fowler |  | $1 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 81 |  |  |  | $3 |\n|  | 21 | Belgie, str. | 1,716 |  | 100 |  | Davison | San Francisco | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 154 |\n|  | 6 | Bothwell Castle, str. | 1,658 |  | 59 |  | Thomson |  | 59 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 59 |  |  |  | $4 |\n|  | > | China, str. | 1,037 |  | 210 |  | Cole | Straits Settlements | 155 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 210 |  |  |  | 210 |\n|  | ** | Verona, str. | 1,984 |  | 160 |  | Ashdown |  | 85 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 160 |  |  |  | 160 |\n|  | 23 | Tencer, str. | 1,324 |  | $16 |  | Power |  | 86 |\n|  | 25 | Carisbrooke, str. |  |  | 316 |  |  |  | 156 |\n|  | 17 | Mee Foo, str. | 1,284 | Chinese | 359 | }1 | Cunningham | San Francisco | 879 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 960 |  |  |  | 23 |\n|  | 12 | Glenroy, str. | 1,411 | British | 210 |  | Wallis | Straits Settlements | 240 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 87 |\n|  | 26 | Rajanattianuhar, str. | 933 |  | 175 |  | Hopkins | Bangkok | 34 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 175 |  |  |  | 158 |\n|  | 12 | Catterthun, str. | 1,460 |  | 661 |  | Miller |  | 66 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 66 |  |  |  | 88 |\n|  | !! | Vorworta, str. | 1,785 | Austro-Hung. | 190 |  | Marussig | Straits Settlements | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | 159 |\n|  | \" | Belgie, str. | 2,651 |  | 55 |  | Davison | San Francisco | 55 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 55 |  |  |  | 69 |\n|  | \" | Breconshire, str. | 1,241 | British | 70 |  | Williams |  | 70 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 25 |  |  |  | 160 |\n|  | \" | Laertes, str. | 1,391 |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 27 | Lydia, str. | 1,170 | German | 91 |  | Paulsen | Honolulu | 92 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 91 |  |  |  | 161 |\n|  | 16 | Consolation, str. | 764 |  | 350 |  | Young | Straits Settlements, Bangkok | 350 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 56 |  |  |  | 55 |\n|  | 29 | Nizam, str. | 1,727 | British | 144 |  | Brady | Straits Settlements | 144 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 144 |  |  |  | 182 |\n| May | 19 | Rajanattianuhar, str. | 983 |  | 460 |  | Hopkins |  | 460 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 460 |  |  |  | 3 |\n|  | 3 | City of Peking, str. | 3,448 | American | 157 |  | Berry | San Francisco | 157 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 157 |  |  |  | 163 |\n|  | > | Marlborough, str. | 1,175 |  | 407 |  | Sanderson | Straits Settlements | 93 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 51 |  |  |  | 51 |\n|  | 4 | Danube, str. | 561 | British | 140 |  | Clanchy | Bangkok | 140 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 164 |\n|  | \" | Cheang Hock Kian, str. | 956 |  | 357 | 12 | Webb |  | 424 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 510 |  |  |  | 090 |\n|  | \" | Seewo, str. | 1,058 |  | 73 |  | Bendall | Straits Settlements | 11 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 73 |  |  |  | 73 |\n|  | 22 | Atholl, str. | 923 | \" | 153 |  | Duncan |  | 177 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 170 |  |  |  | 95 |\n|  | 5 | Glenlyon, str. | 3,373 | \" | 140 |  | Donaldson |  | 140 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 140 |  |  |  | 166 |\n|  | # | Menelaus, str. | +3 |  | 22 |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 25 | Agamemnon, str. | 1,522 | \" | 198 |  | Wilding |  | 198 |\n|  |  |  | 1,559 |  |  |  | Nicholl |  |  |\n|  | 6 | Cheang Hock Kian, str. | #t |  | 250 |  | Webb |  | 250 |\n|  |  |  | 956 |  | 250 |  |  |  | 167 |\n|  | 12 | Deucalion, str. | 1,639 |  | 381 |  | Purdy |  | 381 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 381 |  |  |  | 381 |\n|  | 28 | Hungaria, str. | 1,460 | Austro-Hung | 40 |  | Sturli |  | 40 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 40 |\n|  | 9 | Cyclops, str. | 1,403 |  | 44 | 12 | Butler |  | 12 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9 |\n|  | 9 | Glenfalloch, str. |  |  | 700 |  | J |  | 300 |\n|  | 28 | Danube, str. | 561 | British | 02 | 2 | Clan by | Bangkok | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 1,418 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Park |  |  |\n|  | \"J |  |  |  | 70 |  |  |  | 70 |\n|  |  | Suez, str. | 1,390 |  | Dodd |  | 250 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 260 |\n|  | 2 | Japon, str. | 1,865 |  |  |  | Gardner |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 171 |\n|  | 3 | Lenox, str. | 1,327 |  | 240 |  | Seolt |  | 240 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 240 |  |  |  | 3 |\n|  | 101 | Arratoon Apcar, str. | 1,392 |  | 245 | 15 | McConnell |  | 270 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 30 |  |  |  | 172 |\n|  | 25 | Zambesi, str. | 1,610 |  | 83 |  | Symons |  | $3 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 102 |\n|  | 11 | Bellona, str. | 897 | German | 53 |  | Fickmeier |  | 53 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 53 |  |  |  | 173 |\n|  | 1 | Ajax, str. | 1,524 |  | 190 |  | Kidd |  | 190 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 190 |  |  |  | す |\n|  | 73 | Anchises, str. | 1,304 | British | 118 |  | Jackson |  | 118 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 118 |  |  |  | 174 |\n|  | 13 | Khiva, str. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  | Gaelic, str. | 1,712 |  | 11 |  | Alderton |  | 104 |\n|  |  |  | 1,506 |  | 104 |  |  |  | 104 |\n|  | 8 | Dale, str. | 644 |  | 170 |  | Kidley Thompson | San Francisco, Bangkok | 170 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 31 |  |  |  | 53 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Port Darwin | 100 |\n|  | 11 | Carisbrooke, str. | 960 |  | 360 | 10 | Wharton | Straits Settlements | 373 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 105 |\n|  | 13 | Ocean, str. | 1,089 |  | 26 |  | Webber | Port Darwin, Cooktown, Townsville | 116 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | +3 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 155 |  |  |  | 155 |\n|  | 9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 16 | Killarney, str. |  |  |  |  |  | Sydney | 177 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 19 |\n|  | 12 | Menmuir, str. | 1,247 |  | 12 |  | Ellis | Cooktown, Townsville | $2 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 245 |  |  |  | 16 |\n|  | 16 | Gaelic, str. | 1,060 |  | 11 |  | O'Neill | Bangkok | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  |  | Sydney | 60 |\n|  | 19 | Hector, str. | 1,589 |  | 13 |  | Billinge | Straits Settlements | 346 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 346 |  |  |  | 346 |\n|  | 12 | Consolation, str. | 764 |  | 13 |  | Young | Bangkok | 80 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 80 |  |  |  | 80 |\n|  | 19 | Radnorshire, str. | 1,201 |  | 40 |  | Davies |  | 40 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 40 |  |  |  | 40 |\n|  | 31 | Naples, str. | 1,418 |  | 186 | 2 | White | San Francisco, Port Darwin | 194 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 180 |\n|  | 27 | Carnarvonshire, str. | 1,580 |  | 165 |  | Patrick | Straits Settlements, Thursday Island | 168 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13 |\n|  | 16 | Lorne, str. | 1,035 |  | 294 |  | McKechnie | Cooktown | 17 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 300 |  |  |  | 300 |\n|  | 19 | Menmuir, str. | 1,247 |  | 31 |  | Ellia | Townsville | 57 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 115 |\n|  | 11 | Marlborough, str. | 1,175 |  | 198 |  | Sanderson |  | 183 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 198 |\n|  | 20 | Castello, str. | 1,483 |  | 200 |  | Coates | Sydney | 384 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 212 |  |  |  | 37 |\n|  | 20 | Rajamaltianuhar, str. | 933 |  |  |  |  | Dunedin, N.Z. | 385 |\n|  | 24 | Cheang Hock Kian, str. | 955 |  | 186 |  |  | Melbourne | 110 |\n|  | 20 | Consolation, str. | 744 |  | 111 |  | Young | Bangkok | 111 |\n|  | 20 | Gaelic, str. | 1,712 |  | 112 |  |  |  | 112 |\n|  | 20 | Glenfinlas, str. | 1,409 |  | 113 |  |  |  | 113 |\n|  | 21 | Horseguards, str. | 909 |  | 11 |  |  |  | 11 |\n|  | 25 | Kajanaitianuhar, str. | 933 |  | 115 |  |  |  | 115 |\n|  | 25 | C. T. Hook, str. | 902 |  | 116 |  |  |  | 116 |\n|  | 27 | Ravena, str. | 2,134 |  | 117 |  |  |  | 117 |\n|  | נן | Carisbrooke, str. | 960 |  | 71 |  |  |  | 71 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 187 |\n|  | 24 | Oceanic, str. | 2,441 |  | 35 |  |  |  | 35 |\n|  | 25 | Telemachus, str. | 1,421 |  | Kidley |  | San Francisco | 122 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 122 |  |  |  | 122 |\n|  | 29 | Stentor, str. | 1,304 |  | Wilcox |  | Straits Settlements | 64 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 64 |  |  |  | 64 |\n|  | 29 | Danube, str. | 561 |  | Hill |  |  | 127 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 127 |  |  |  | 127 |\n|  | 30 | Hesperia, str. | 1,136 | German | Hopkins |  | Bangkok | 100 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 100 |  |  |  | 100 |\n| Sept. | I | Diomed, str. | 1,241 | British | Bradly |  |  | 142 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 102 |  |  |  | 192 |\n|  | * | Mirzapore, str. | 2,270 |  | Stewart |  | Straits Settlements | 228 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 228 |  |  |  | 228 |\n|  | ** | Suez, str. | 1,390 |  | Wherton |  |  | 324 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 324 |  |  |  | 324 |\n|  |  | Arratoon Apcar, str. | 1,302 |  |  |  | Port Darwin | 30 | 197 |\n|  | ** | Strathleven, str. | 1,588 |  |  |  | Hopkins | Bangkok | 110 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 110 |  |  |  | 110 |\n|  | 3 |  |  |  | 262 |  | Webb | Straits Settlements | 202 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Metcalfe Jones | San Francisco | 120 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Straits Settlements | 250 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 250 |  | Kirkpatrick |  | 266 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 260 |\n|  | 13 |  |  |  | 50 |  | Clanchy Peterson | Bangkok | 50 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Honolulu | 285 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 254 |  | Jackson | Straits Settlements | 1831 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 185 |  | Perrin Dodd |  | 86 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 86 |  |  |  | 86 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 243 |  | McConnell |  | 241 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 280 |  |  |  | 230 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 60 |  | Pearson | Cooktown | 60 |\n|  | 17 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 196 |\n|  | 5 | Loudoun Castle, str. | 1,675 |  | Marshall |  |  |  |  |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 21 |  |  |  | 81 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Wise | Townsville | 90 |\n|  | 6 | City of Tokio, str. | 3,448 | American | Manry |  | San Francisco | 260 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 260 |  |  |  | 260 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Brisbane | 198 |\n|  | \" | Dale, str. | 645 | British | Thompson |  | Bangkok | 48 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 13 |  |  | Melbourne | 58 |\n|  | 31 | Danube, str. |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |\n|  | 8 | Glentruin, str. | 1,935 |  | Hogg |  | Straits Settlements | 168 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 168 |  |  |  | 168 |\n|  | 120 June |  |  |  |  |  |  | Bangkok | 67 |\n|  | 2 | Oceanic, str. | 2,140 |  | Metcalfe |  | San Francisco | 141 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 141 |  |  |  | 141 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Townsville | 7 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 121 |\n|  | 2 | Avoca, str. | 904 |  |  |  |  |  | 122 |\n|  | 8 | Moray, str. | 1,427 |  | Murray |  | Straits Settlements | 33 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 33 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 200 |\n|  | 9 | Bowen, str. | 644 |  | Darke |  | Sydney | 22 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 107 |  |  |  | 107 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Butcher |  | 123 |\n|  | 15 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 124 |\n|  | 3 | Japan, str. | 1,865 |  | Gardner |  |  | 200 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 200 |  |  | Dunedin, N.Z. | 42 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Melbourne | 27 |\n|  | 27 |  |  |  | 161 |  |  |  | 161 |\n|  | 4 | Nestor, str. | 1,458 |  | Jago |  |  | 368 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 128 |\n|  | 4 | Jason, str. | #68 |  |  |  |  |  | 201 |\n|  | 10 | Daphne, str. | 1,596 | Austro-Hung. | Doncich |  | Straits Settlements | 36 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 36 |  |  |  | 36 |\n|  | 4 | Glenavon, str. | 1,411 |  | Brown |  |  | 102 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 102 |\n|  | 10 | Elvira Dovale | 1,937 |  |  |  | Taylor |  | 981 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 98 |  |  |  | 98 |\n|  | 8 | Glaucus, str. | $3 |  |  |  |  |  | 203 |\n|  | 12 | Consolation, str. | 1,368 | Hawaiian | Pementel |  | Bangkok | 41 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 151 |  |  |  | 41 |\n|  | 31 | Cheang Hock Kian, str. |  |  | 101 |  | Jackson | Port Darwin | 47 |\n|  |  |  | 956 |  | 101 |  |  |  | 101 |\n|  | 10 | Nepal, str. | 3471 | 16 | 363 |  |  |  | 204 |\n|  | 12 | Ocean, str. | 1,039 |  | Webber |  | Cooktown | 19 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 89 |  |  |  | 71 |\n|  | 10 | Euphrates, str. | 2,065 |  | Murray |  | Brisbane | 2,065 |\n|  |  |  | 3,299 |  | 98 |  |  |  | 98 |\n|  | 11 | Dale, str. | 1: |  | Mitchell |  |  | 92 |\n|  |  |  | 645 |  | 92 |  |  |  | 92 |\n|  | 13 | Rosetta, str. | 2,250 |  | Harlow |  | Straits Settlements | 99 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 99 |  |  |  | 99 |\n|  | 13 | Gaelong, str. |  |  | Thompson |  | Bangkok | 58 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 58 |  |  |  | 58 |\n|  | 13 | Bellerophon, str. | 1,396 |  | Freeman |  |  | 324 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | #24 |  |  |  | #24 |\n|  | 14 | Atholl, str. | 1,135 |  | Atkinson |  | Straits Settlements | 93 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 33 |  |  |  | 33 |\n|  |  |  | 923 |  |  |  | Dunena |  | 134 |\n|  | 15 | Consolation, str. |  |  | 115 |  |  |  | 115 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 116 |  |  |  | 116 |\n|  | 14 | Carisbrooke, str. | 960 |  | Wharton |  |  | 412 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | $80 |\n|  |  |  | 763 |  |  |  | Young | Bangkok | 77 |\n|  | 16 | Polluce, str. |  |  | 106 |  |  |  | 106 |\n|  | 19 | Marlborough, str. | 1,175. |  | Sanderson |  |  | 8221 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 322 |  |  |  | 322 |\n|  | 16 | Achilles, str. | 1,418 | Austro-Hung | G. Rogusio |  | Straits Settlements | 45 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 45 |  |  |  | 45 |\n|  | 19 | Prinz Heinrich, str. | 872 | German | Hofman |  | Bangkok | 38 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 38 |  |  |  | 38 |\n|  | 16 | Marlborough, str. | 1,175 | 1,529 | British | Anderson Sanderson |  | 95 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 90 |  |  |  | 90 |\n|  | 22 | Gleneagles, str. | 1,838 |  | Gas800 |  | Straits Settlements | 130 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 130 |  |  |  | 130 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 327 |  |  |  | 327 |\n|  | +1 | Orestes, str. | 1,323 |  | Webster |  |  | 334 |\n|  |  |  |  |  | 834 |  |  |  | 834 |\n|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15 |\n|  | Carried forward... |  | 185,219 |  | 21,560 | 198 |  |  | 21,838 |\n|  | Carried forward... |  | 288,820 |  | 35,463 | 345 |  |  | 36,016 |",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-202 - Acting Governor Marsh - 1882 [7-9].txt",
        "external_url": "",
        "rank": 0
    },
    {
        "id": 324237,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "page_number": 269,
        "title": "CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883",
        "content_text": "980 16 Mai (CHAMBRE} \n\nDÉBATS PARLEMENTAIRES \n\nAnnée 18 \n\nC.O. \n\nDOMESTIC. \n\nANNEXES AU PROCÈS-VERBAL DE LA SÉANCE DU MARDI 15 MAI 1883 \n\nSCRUTIN \n\nSur le paragraphe de l'article 2 du projet de Loi portant ouverture au ministre de la marine et des colonies, sur l'exercice 1885, d'un crédit supplémentaire pour le service du Tonkin. \n\nNombre des votants.......... 432 Majorité absolue.... 217 \n\nPour l'adoption........ 355 Contre..... 77 \n\nLa Chambre des députés a adopté. \n\nONT VOTÉ POUR: \n\nMM. Achard. Alicot. Allain-Targe. Ansart. Arène (Emmanuel). Armez. Arnoult. Audiffred. \n\nBarba. Bacquias. Baïbaut. Ballue. Baltet. Bastid (Adrien). Bavoux. Bell (François). Bello. Belon. Benoist. Bernard (Doubs), Bernard (Nord), Bernier, Bernot, Bert (Paul), Bertholon. Bienvenu. Bischofsheim. Bissac. Blanc (Pierre) (Savoie). Blancsubé. Blandio. Boissy d'Anglas (baron), Bontoux. Borriglione.. Bouchet. Boudeville. Bouillez-Brideu. Boy-Jard. Bourrillon. Bousquet, Bouteille. Bouthier de Rochefort. Bovier-Lapierre. Brelay. Bresson. Brialou. Brice (René). Briens. Brossard. Brousse. Brugnet. Bruneau. Bully. Bury, Buvignier. Buyat. \n\nCadet. Caduc. Camescasse. Caragrel, Carette. Carnot (Sadi). Casimir-Perier (Aube). Casimir-Perier (Paul) (Seine-Inférieure). Casse (Germain). Cassou. Cavaignac (Godefroy). Cavallé. Cayrade. Cazauvieilh. Caze. Chebrić. Chaix (Cyprien). Chantemille. Chermes (François). Chauveau (Franck). Chavanne (Loire). Chavanne (Rhône). Charoix. Chéneau, Chevandier. Christophle (Albert) (Orne). Cirier. Clémenceau. Cochery. Codet. Compayré. Constans. Corentin-Guyho. Cornudet. Costes. Courmeaux. Couturier. \n\nDaumas. Dautresme. David (Jean) (Gers). David (Indre). Deluns-Montaud. \n\nDemarçay (baron Maurice). Deniau. Deproge. Deroyer. Descamps (Albert). Desmons. Desmoutiers (Charles). Desprez. Dessoliers. Dethomas. Dethou. Devade. \n\nDevelle (Edmond). (Meuse). Devés. Devic. Dieu. Donnet. Dreux. Dreyfus (Ferdinand). Drumel. Dubois. Dubost (Antonin). Duchasseint. Duportal. Durand (Ille-et-Vilaine). Dureau de Vaulcomte. Durieu. Dusolier (Alcide). Dutailly. Duvaux. Duvivier. \n\nEscande (Georges). Escanyé. Etienne. \n\nEsnault. \n\nFabre (Joseph), Faillières. Fanien (Achille). Faure (Hyppolyte) (Marne), Féau (Paul). Ferry (Albert). Ferry (Charles). Fatry (Jules). Fleury. Florent-Lefebvre. Forné. Fouquet. Fourcand (Léon). Fousset. Fréry. \n\nGaillard (Puy-de-Dôme) Gaillard (Yonne). Galpy. Ganault. Garet. Garriga. Gasconi. \n\nGassier. Gandy. Germain (Henri). Gerville-Réache. Gilliet. Girard (Albd). Giraud (Henri) Girault (Cher). Girodet, Girod-Pouzol. Giroud. Goblet (René). Gomot. Granet. Graux (Georges). Graziani. Greppo. Gueguen. Guichard. Guillemin. Guyot (Louis). Guyot (Paul) (Marne). \n\nHémon. Henry (Edmond). Hérédis (de). Hérisson (Seine). Hopfeur. Hovins. Hugot. \n\nJanzé (baron de). Joubert. Journault, Jouve. Jullien. \n\nLabussière. Labuza. Lacôte. Lacretelle (Henri de). Lafitte de Lajoannenque (de). Lafont. Lagrange. Laisant. La Porte (de) (Deux-Sèvres). Laroze. Lasbaysses. Lasserre. Laurengon. La Vieille. Laville, Lecherbonnier. Lechevalier. Lecomte (Mayenne). Leconte (Indre). Lefevre (Ernest) (Seine). Léglise. Lefebvre (de Fontainebleau, Seine-et-Marne). Lefebvre (Pierre) (de Lille, Nord). Lefebvre (Adolphe), Lenient. Lepère. Leroy (Arthur). Leguillier. Letellier. Le Vavasseur. Lévêque. Leydet. Liouville. Logerotte. Loubet: Loustalot. \n\nMalézieux. Mallevialle. Mangon (Hervé). Margue. Marion. Marquiset. Martin-Feuillée. Massip. Masure (Gustave). Mathé. Mathieu. Mauger. Mauguin. Maunoury. Maurel (Var). Mayet. Maze (Hippolyte). Mazeron. Méline. Ménard-Dorian. Mercier. Mestreau. Mézières. Michou. \n\nMillion. Mougasson. Mir, Morel (Hippolyte) (Manche), \n\nNadaud (Martin). Naquet (Alfred), Noël-Parfait. Noirot. \n\nTallon (Alfred). Tassin. Ténot. \n\nThomas (Frédéric) (Tarn). Son. Tirard. Trouard-Riolle. Truelle. Trystram. Turquet. Tondu. \n\nToulet. Treil. Vachal. Vacher. Vaschalde. \n\nVernhi. Vernière. Versigny. Vielfaure. Vignance. Villain. Villeneuve. Viox. \n\nWaldeck-Rousseau. \n\nONT VOTÉ CONTRE: \n\nMM. Aillières (d'). Ancel. \n\nBaudry d'Asson (de). Bélizal (vicomte de). Benazet, Bergerot.\" Billiais (de La). Blin. Bourdon (vicomte). Bourgeois. Boyer (Fernand). Brame (Georges), Brière, \n\nCarret (Jules). Chevreau (Léon), Choisel (Horace de). Cibiel. Colbert-Laplace (comte de). \n\nDaynaud. \n\nDebuchy. Delafosse. Desson. Saint-Aignan. Du Bodan. Dufour (baron). Durfort de Civrac (comte de). \n\nEschasseriaux (baron). \n\nFauré. Feltre (duc de). Freppel. Gaudin. Gautier (René). Gérard (baron). Gonidec de Traissan (comte de), Granier de Cassagnac (Paul). \n\nHamille (Victor). \n\nJolibois. \n\nKermenguy (vicomte de). \n\nLa Bassetière (de). Labat. Ladoucette (de). Laffon de Ladebat. Lajoinie (comte de). Largentaye (de). La Rochefoucauld, duc de Bisaccia. La Rochejaquelin (marquis de). Neveux. \n\nLaroche-Joubert. La Rochette (Ernest de). Lefebvre du Prey. Legrand (Arthur) (Manche). Léonce (prince de). La Panouse de Launay. Le Roux. Levart. Loras (Morbihan). \n\nOrdinaire (Dionys), Outters. Pagès. Papon. Parry, Pelisse. (Marcellin). Pelletan (Camille), Penicaud. Pénières, Périgois, Perras. Petitbien. Peulevey (Léon). Peytral. Philippoteaux. Picard (Arthur) (Basses-Alpes). Pinault. \n\nPlantié. Ponlevoy (Frogier de). Poujade., Poulet (Marius). Pradal. Pradet-Balade. Préveraud. Proust (Antonin). \n\nRameau. Ranc. Raspail (Benjamin), Raynal. Récipon. Remolville. (Francisque) (Loire). \n\nRey. Raymond. Reyneau. Ribot. Richard. Ringnier. \n\nRiotteau. \n\nRivet. Robert (Edmond). Rochs (Jules) (Var). Rodat, Roger. Roque (de Filol). Roquet. Rousseau. Rouvier. Royer. Roys (marquis de). Roudier. Rozières. \n\nSaint-Martin (Vaucluse). Saint-Prix. Saint-Romme. Salis. Salomon. Sandrique. Sarlat, Scrépet. Bentenac. Silhol. Simon (Fidèle). Simonnet. Soogier (de). Souchu-Servinière. Soustre. Spuller. Steeg. \n\nMackau (baron de). Maillé (comte de). Martre. Martin (d'Auray). Maynard de la Clave (comte Albert de). Murat (comte Joachim). \n\nOllivier (Auguste). Ornano (Camille d'). Pain. Pioyre. Prax-Paris. \n\nRauline. Reille (baron). Rotours (des). Roque de Loulay (Louis). \n\nSaint-Martin (de) (Indre). Sarrette. \n\nSerp(i (Gusman). Soland (de). Soubeyran (baron de). \n\nTerves (de). Thirion-Montauhan. Toinnet de la Turmelière, \n\nValon (de), \n\nN'ONT PAS PRIS PART AU VOTE : \n\nMM. Amagat. Andrieux. Arrazat. \n\nPage 363 \n\nPage 363 \n\nPage 363 \n\n1 June \n\n1883 \n\nHong Kong No. 9889 \n\n(Subject.) \n\nFrench proceedings \n\n9339 \n\n235 \n\nSEGP \n\nREGP Jar \n\nproceedings in Tonquin \n\nTézen \n\nThe \n\nprevious Paper. \n\nFo 0060. \n\nGeticct from \"Journal der Arbati \n\ngroup detail \n\nTheulier.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-214 - Public Offices & Others - 1883.txt",
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    {
        "id": 394703,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "page_number": 40,
        "title": "CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904",
        "content_text": "ARTICLE IV.\n\nIn case Chinese subjects conjointly with Japanese subjects organize a partnership or Company for a legitimate purpose, they shall equitably share the profits and losses with all the members according to the terms of the Agreement or Memorandum and Articles of Association, and the Regulations framed thereunder, and they shall be liable to the fulfilment of the obligations imposed by the said Agreement or Memorandum and Articles of Association, and the Regulations framed thereunder as accepted by them, and as interpreted by Japanese Courts. Should they fail to fulfil the obligations so imposed, and legal action be taken against them in consequence, Chinese Courts shall at once enforce fulfilment of such obligations.\n\nIt is understood that in case Japanese subjects conjointly with Chinese subjects organize a partnership or Company, they shall also equitably share the profits and losses with all the members according to the terms of the Agreement or Memorandum and Articles of Association, and the Regulations framed thereunder. Should such Japanese subjects fail to fulfil any of the obligations imposed by the said Agreement or Memorandum and Articles of Association, or by the Regulations framed thereunder, Japanese Courts shall, in like manner, at once enforce fulfilment of such obligations by them.\n\nARTICLE V.\n\nThe Chinese Government agree to make and faithfully enforce such Regulations as are necessary for preventing Chinese subjects from infringing registered trade-marks held by Japanese subjects.\n\nThe Chinese Government likewise agree to make such Regulations as are necessary for affording protection to registered copyrights held by Japanese subjects in the books, pamphlets, maps, and charts written in the Chinese language, and specially prepared for the use of Chinese people.\n\nIt is further agreed that the Chinese Government shall establish registration offices where foreign trade-marks and copyrights, upon application for the protection of the Chinese Government, shall be registered in accordance with the provisions of the Regulations to be hereafter framed by the Chinese Government for the purpose of protecting trade-marks and copyrights.\n\nIt is understood that Chinese trade-marks and copyrights, properly registered according to the provisions of the laws and Regulations of Japan, will receive similar protection against infringement in Japan.\n\nThis Article shall not be held to protect against due process of law any Japanese or Chinese subject who may be the author, proprietor, or seller of any publication calculated to injure the well-being of China.\n\nARTICLE VI.\n\nChina agrees to establish itself, as soon as possible, a system of uniform national coinage, and provide for a uniform national currency which shall be freely used as legal tender in payment of all duties, taxes, and other obligations by Japanese subjects as well as by Chinese subjects in the Chinese Empire. It is understood, however, that all customs duties shall continue to be calculated and paid on the basis of the Haikwan tael.\n\nARTICLE VII.\n\nAs the weights and measures used by the mercantile and other classes for general and commercial purposes in the different provinces of China vary and do not accord with the standards fixed by the Imperial Government Boards, thus resulting in detriment to the trade of Chinese and foreigners, the Governors-General and Governors of all the provinces, after careful inquiry into existing conditions, shall consult together and fix upon uniform standards which, after a Memorial to the Throne for sanction, shall be adopted and used in all transactions by officials and people throughout all the Empire. These standards shall be first used in the places opened to foreign trade and gradually extended to inland places. Any differences resulting from divergence between the new weights and measures and those now in vogue shall be equitably settled, whether by way of increase or decrease, according to the amount of such difference.\n\nARTICLE VIII.\n\nThe Regulations for steam navigation inland of the fifth moon of the twenty-fourth year of Kuang-Hsü, and the Supplementary Rules of the seventh moon of the same year having been found in some respects inconvenient in working, the Chinese Government hereby agree to amend them and to annex such new Rules to this Treaty.\n\nThese Rules shall remain in force until altered by mutual consent.\n\nARTICLE IX.\n\nThe provisions of all Treaties and engagements now subsisting between Japan and China, in so far as they are not modified or repealed by this Act, are hereby confirmed; and it is hereby expressly stipulated in addition that the Japanese Government, officers, subjects, commerce, navigation, shipping, industries, and property of all kinds shall be allowed free and full participation in all privileges, immunities, and advantages which have been, or may hereafter be granted by His Majesty the Emperor of China, or by the Chinese Government, or by the Provincial or Local Administrations of China to the Government, officers, subjects, commerce, navigation, shipping, industries, or property of any other nation.\n\nThe Japanese Government will do its utmost to secure to Chinese officers and subjects resident in Japan the most favourable treatment compatible with the laws and Regulations of the Empire.\n\nARTICLE X.\n\nThe High Contracting Parties hereto agree that, in case of, and after the, complete withdrawal of the foreign troops stationed in the Province of Chilli and of the Legation guards, a place of international residence and trade in Peking will be forthwith opened by China itself. The detailed regulations relating thereto shall be settled in due time after consultation.\n\nThe Chinese Government agree to open to foreign trade, within six months from the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, Changsha-fu, in the Province of Hunan, on the same footing as the ports already opened to foreign trade. Foreigners residing in this open port are to observe the municipal and police Regulations on the same footing as Chinese residents, and they are not to be entitled to establish a municipality and police of their own within the limits of this Treaty port, except with the consent of the Chinese authorities.\n\nThe Chinese Government agree that, upon the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, Mukden and Tatungkow, both in the Province of Shengking, will be opened by China itself as places of international residence and trade. The selection of suitable localities to be set apart for international use and occupation, and the regulations for these places set apart for foreign residence and trade, shall be agreed upon by the Governments of Japan and China after consultation together.\n\nARTICLE XI.\n\nThe Government of China having expressed a strong desire to reform its judicial system, and to bring it into accord with that of Japan and Western nations, Japan agrees to give every assistance to such reform, and will also be prepared to relinquish its extra-territorial rights when satisfied that the state of the Chinese laws, the arrangements for their administration and other considerations warrant it in so doing.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-326 - Foreign Office - 1904.txt",
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    {
        "id": 403346,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "page_number": 255,
        "title": "CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905",
        "content_text": "## Inclosure 15 in No. 1\n\n**Mr. W. D. Little to Doyen of Diplomatic Corps**\n\nShanghae General Chamber of Commerce, Shanghae, June 2, 1905.\n\nI HAVE the honour to bring to your notice the enormous expansion in the coining of ten-cash pieces which has taken place during the past twelve months and which is still further developing. The following provincial mints are established or projected:\n\n| Province | Old Machines | New Machines | Total |\n| --- | --- | --- | --- |\n| Canton | 50 | 20 | 80 |\n| Foochow | 20 | 12 | 32 |\n| Soochow | 18 | 56 | 74 |\n| Hangchow | 16 | 80 | 96 |\n| Nankin | 82 | 32 | 150 (40 transferred from Ngankin) |\n| Ngankin | 12 | 8 | 20 |\n| Chingkiang | 6 |  | 6 |\n| Houan | 100 |  | 100 |\n| Chilli | 82 | 45 | 45* |\n| Szechuan |  | 12 | 12 |\n| Shanghae |  | 17 | 17 |\n| Kiangsc |  |  |  |\n| Shantung |  |  |  |\n\nCAS: 18:18:98: year. 19 250 erection, and 20 per cent. have not arrived. It is estimated that these 840 machines when in full working order will absorb (at the rate of 180 piculs or 10.71 tons per machine per month), a total of about 9,060 tons of copper per month, or about 108,700 tons per year. As 1 ton of copper will coin into approximately 151,000 ten-cash pieces, one year's out-turn of 108,700 tons of copper will yield 16,413,000 ten-cash pieces, equal to 40 ten-cash pieces per head of a population of 400,000,000 people. This rate of production will presumably be reached in about five or six months from now, when all minting machinery on order will be duly installed.\n\nAs regards the cost of production, taking as a basis the present price of copper, say, £72l. per ton, the profits of the mints amount to about 35 to 40 per cent., of which it appears one-third is retained by the provincial mint authorities and other officials connected therewith, and two-thirds go to the Viceroys. Although there is no immediate prospect of an over-supply of these new coins, the danger prevails that — \n\n1. Owing to the large profit in the production thereof to all concerned larger quantities will in course of time be turned out than required. Should this occur the new coins would inevitably go to a heavy discount, causing the manifold evils attendant on a depreciated currency, and most serious disturbance to all trade, internal and external.\n\n2. The temptation would crop up to lower the standard of the coin in order to keep up a high level of profit, in the production thereof, should its circulating value decline. Then the problem of debased as well as depreciated coins would arise, and confusion become worse confounded. It may be here mentioned that the intrinsic metal value of one per cent. copper ten-cash piece only equals 2---24 old one-cash pieces, made in the reign of the Emperor Kien Lung, 1733–95, very few of which are now left in circulation, having been melted down owing to their relatively high metal value, or 4.1 one-cash pieces, made in the reign of the Emperors Tung Chih (1861-73) and the present Emperor Kuanglisu.\n\nIn recent Treaties with foreign Powers China agreed to establish a uniform national coinage; therefore, in permitting the provincial authorities to produce these ten-cash pieces in varying intrinsic values, she is evading her Treaty obligations.\n\nThe purpose of this letter is to request your Excellency to impress upon the Chinese Government: firstly, the supreme importance of regulating the supply of ten-cash coins according to the demand, since they are token coins and therefore liable to depreciation; secondly, the imperative necessity to maintain these coins up to their full and proper standard, since otherwise the confidence therein of the population would be destroyed.\n\nThese coins did not in the beginning fetch their face value, so they have had a fair start on the downward course of depreciation, which can only reasonably be expected to end in their purchasing power coming down to their intrinsic value, viz., a fall of 50 per cent.\n\nWhen or before this is reached, the copper cash, the currency of the people, will have disappeared from circulation, and, before the industry of the country can afford to adjust the big resulting difference, a period of bare subsistence for the people and great slackness in trade will be experienced.\n\nFor this reason alone it is of great importance to foreigners that the currency of the country should be better regulated.\n\nIn conclusion, I beg reference to the Report of the Imperial Maritime Customs, Part I (`Report on Trade of China and Abstract of Statistics for 1904`), published 1905, pp. 12 and 13, which treats on this subject, and I would further add that quite recently coins of the face value of 5 cash have made their appearance, to which the foregoing applies equally and even more forcibly.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) **WILLIAM D. LITTLE, Chairman**\n\n*These figures are only approximate, as some of the machines under the heading may by now be in working order. Roughly speaking, out of an approximate total of 840 machines, 60 per cent. are now working, 20 per cent. are in course of erection...\n\n## Inclosure 16 in No. 1\n\n**Doyen of Diplomatic Corps to Mr. W. B. Little**\n\nPékin, le 12 Juin, 1905.\n\nLE Doyen l'honneur de faire circuler une lettre du Président de la Chambre de Commerce de Shanghai, qui lui est parvenue par l'intermédiaire du Doyen du Corps Consulaire à Shanghai.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-331 - Public Offices - 1905.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 408437,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "page_number": 139,
        "title": "CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3]",
        "content_text": "THE OCEAN STEAM SHIP COMPANY LIMITED\n\nAND\n\nThe CHINA MUTUAL STEAM NAVIGATION COMPANY LIMITED.\n\nAchille\nS.S.\n\nPort\n\nHoang trong\n\nJes=\n\nDate de 12\n\n136\n\n190\n\nmr. a. P. Guterres\n\nDear Sir\n\ntong trong\n\nI am extremely sorry to hear of the complaint against you concerning the paying off of the Chinese crew.\n\nI am only too pleased to be able to say that during the past eight years of my experience, I have not had one complaint against you, and have carried on the work in an honourable and most satisfactory manner.\n\nI was present myself during the whole time of discharging and signing ...\n\nYou were in charge of this steamer.\n\nYour faithfully,\n\nMaster\n\nS.S. Achilles\n\nAll Thompson",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-339 - Acting Governor May Governor Nathan - 1907 [1-3].txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 411295,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 472,
        "title": "CO129-343 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "## Government's Loss of Control Since 1900\n\nGovernment has lost upon the provinces since 1900 is the notable feature of the present situation in Peking.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)  \nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\nP.S.---Since writing the above I have received an Intelligence Report from the Acting British Consul at Hangchow, of which I have the honour to inclose an extract. In view of what Sir Robert Hart told me, and of the universal vigilance of the Customs' inspection, information of which reaches me from several quarters, there can be no doubt that the Viceroy of Chilli, and probably also the Central Government, are apprehensive of an anti-dynastic movement, and that foreigners are in some way suspected of being connected with it. For this suspicion there is not, so far as I know, a particle of evidence.\n\n(No. 186.) Sir,\n\n### Inclosure I in No. 1\n\nConsul-General Sir P. Warren to Sir J. Jordan.  \nJ. N. J.  \nShanghae, December 24, 1906.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose herewith, for your information, copy and translation of an extract from the \"Nan Fang Pao\" of the 15th instant, being instructions from his Excellency Chang Chih Tung on the subject of rebellious Societies, giving particulars as to their methods and organization.\n\nI have, &c. (Signed)  \nPELHAM WARREN,\n\n### Inclosure 2 in No. 1\n\n(Translation.)  \nExtract from the \"Non Fang Pao\" of December 15, 1906.  \n**Confidential Instructions from the Hukuong Viceroy.**\n\nTHE foreign adviser reports as follows:-\n\nOf the large rebellious Associations one is the Kolao Hui, which exists in a secret manner in the Yang-tsze region, and of which the head is one Wang Sheng; another is the Triad Society, which exists in the Two Kuang, Kueichou and Fukien, of which Sun Wen is head, and these two Associations have in the course of time united, and now form the Tung Meng Hui (Alliance Society), and Sun Wen is the head, Wang Sheng the second. Their cry is \"Down with the Manchus!\" and \"Revolution!\" They establish branches everywhere, and men of all provinces join them, 60 per cent. of the Hunan men being members. The Kolao Hui in Hunan is in three divisions--the red division, consisting chiefly of rowdies; the blue and black divisions being mostly men of rank and merchants. The Ch'ang Sha leader is Tsung Huang, a wealthy leader, who is also known as Hsia Ming, 40 years of age; 500 of the Chang Sha garrison are members, and 500 of the police force of Yochou, as well as 3,000 men of the provincial army. The head in Hupei Province is one Lin Chia Yun, and at Wuchang and Hankow a younger brother of Ho Taotai, Commander of the Kueilin new model forces. At Shahshih, a rich merchant named Tsao Yu Ying, 39 years old. A third of the officials, troops, and men in the arsenal at Wuch'ang are members.\n\nA meeting was held in July, at which twenty-five military officers and many soldiers were present. Before the union of the two Societies, the leaders asked for help from Great Britain, France, and Japan, and sought their recognition. Certain foreigners concerted with the heads of the Societies at Wuch'ang, Chang Sha, Kiukiang, Nan Chang, Nanking, Foochow, Canton, Kueilin, Kueiyang, and Sun Wen collected 3,000,000 taels from the Chinese merchants at `Singapore`, `Kalumpor`, `Hong Kong`, &c., and this was deposited chiefly with the ... Bank, and large quantities of munitions were purchased. The original idea was to take the opportunity of the autumn manœuvres for a rising; but Wang Sheng altered the time to the end of the year, as the Yang-tsze leaders were not ready. I cannot say if this be a fact or not.\n\nA Chinese officer reported to the same effect. He says:-\n\nThe Ko Ming Society in Hunan was broken up the year before last, and was converted into a \"Secret Society,\" the objects of which have been anarchical, and its beginnings were in Tokio. It gradually spread into the inland parts of China. The officers of this Society belong to the waterway districts, and they busy themselves with cementing the relationships of the branches; but the Settlements at Shanghae and the Kiangnan Arsenal (`Kao Chang Miao`) neighbourhood are their biding-places; their head-quarters are Hunan and Hupei, these being in reach of Kiangsi on the east and Canton Province on the south. The idea was to command Szechuan, and so move north, while a force was to go by Shensi, thus rendering complete defence impossible. The capital of Hunan was to be their head city, and a central house was to be established there, and there were in addition four lodges, each with its own organization, east, west, south, and north.\n\nThe seat of the south branch was at Linchou, in Hunan, in direct communication with Loch'ang and Ping Shih, in Kuangtung, Shao Kuan, and Canton Province, and also in control of the Pao Ching and Yung Chou Prefecture organizations.\n\nThe east lodge has its seat at Hsiang Tung, in Liling district, to be in direct communication with Yuan Chou and Lin An Prefectures, the chief points being Kiukiang and Huk'ou (this part of the scheme involves extreme danger). The seat of the north was at Ch'ing Chiang, south of Yochou, in Hunan, in close communication with Wuch'ang and Hankow. Drilling went on as of village militia, and under this guise desperate enterprises were prepared. At a moment's warning they were to rise and make a determined effort to seize the Tungting Lake.\n\nAnother branch came into existence in Hupei, of which the objective was Tion Chia Chen, in Wu Hsueh, with the purpose of holding the key to the northern approach. There was to be no immediate attack upon the Lower Yang-tsze for fear of opposition on the part of Great Britain, and although there were many confederates at Tungehou, Ta Tung, Hsiang Yang, and Chinkiang, these were only to serve as hindrances to any forces sent out against the movement; those places were not the important ones.\n\nThe seat of the west lodge was to be at Hang Chou, in Hunan, in connection with Kuanghai, and the disbanded soldiers and the bad characters there, and with the Miao and Yao tribes in Kueichou, in Hunan, and Chang Chou and Li Ling Prefectures, in Kuanghsi, were under them.\n\nThis fire has been smouldering many a day. All the officials of the Association are divided into two sections, the Wai Pu and the Nei Pu. All of these Wai Pu made their arrangements in the Straits, &c., and of these Sun Wen is the head, men like Huang Ta Wu and Liu Lin Sheng being his lieutenants, and they are the chief plotters. These are the people by whom the Chinese merchants in foreign countries, enraged at the failure of their Governments to protect them against oppression, are influenced and subscribe to their schemes, in the hope that when the plot has succeeded they may be granted some better kind of protection. [This is a note of the official making the Report.] They (the Wai Pu) purchase and ship munitions. I hear that the munitions and dynamite are purchased from a certain country and stored in `Singapore` with the idea of shipping them to the Indian Railways, then to Chen Nan Kuan in Yunnan, and so conveying them into the interior. Great Britain has not allowed this, and it has not been possible to convey them by this route. I shall report further when I have found out actually about this.\n\nThe Wai Pu also makes Agreements with foreign Powers. Three Powers have already consented to recognize the Independent State, and have made Agreements with them, by which when the success is assured twenty and more new mercantile ports are to be opened, and a guarantee has been given for the protection of the property of foreign merchants and the churches, and for recompense in case of any damage or destruction. These matters are under the Wai Pu's direction. members do not come into China.\n\nThe Nei Pu members are all distributed along the Yang-tsze, and there make their secret dispositions. Such as these are Cheng Hsien Sheng, Li Hsieh Ho, ...  \nPage 3",
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    {
        "id": 411807,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 307,
        "title": "CO129-344 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL.**\n\n## SECTION 6.\n\n### No. 186. Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 3.)\n\nPeking, April 18, 1907.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that the German Minister, Count Rex, and myself had an interview yesterday afternoon with the Ministers of the Wai-wu Pu on the question of the Tien-tsin-Yang-tsze negotiations.\n\nCount Rex, as representing the Power principally interested in the question, consented to take the leading part in the conversation, and began by making a protest on his own account in which I did not consider myself justified in joining.\n\nThe Wai-wu Pu had informed me, through Mr. Campbell, the Chinese Secretary to the Legation, of the transference of the negotiations by Imperial Decree to their Excellencies the Viceroys Yuan and Chang, but no such notification had apparently been made to my German colleague. Count Rex protested most emphatically against what he characterized as the almost inconceivable lack of courtesy shown by the Wai-wu Pu in neglecting to inform him. The Ministers explained that the representatives of the two Syndicates had been duly notified of the change, and that they themselves did not consider it necessary to bring it formally to the knowledge of the Legations until they knew for certain that the task of conducting the negotiations had been accepted by the two Viceroys.\n\nCount Rex pointed out that a Decree had been issued virtually superseding an arrangement made between the Wai-wu Pu and us only a week previously, and contended strongly that any modification of that understanding should have been communicated to him.\n\nHerr Krebs, the Interpreter to the German Legation, then read a translation of a Memorandum (copy inclosed) which Count Rex and I had prepared on the subject.\n\nWhen he had finished reading the document, Tong Ta-jên asked permission to read the paper himself, but my German colleague, somewhat to my surprise, absolutely declined to allow his interpreter to part with it on the ground that he was addressing his observations verbally to the Wai-wu Pu.\n\nTong Ta-jên curtly replied that he had no special desire to see the paper, and added that as they did not understand what had been read to them, he and his colleagues were not in a position to make any reply to our suggestions.\n\nIt was explained to Count Rex that the Ministers did not wish to keep the Memorandum, but merely to acquaint themselves more fully with its contents, and on this understanding it was handed over to them.\n\nThe Ministers then said that they could not undertake to interfere with an Imperial Decree, and expressed the opinion that it was quite out of place for the Syndicates to dictate to the Chinese Government who should be appointed as negotiators.\n\nI repudiated the suggestion that the Syndicates were dictating in any way. I reminded their Excellencies of the previous course of the negotiations which had been going on for a considerable time, and were apparently within a measurable distance of reaching a satisfactory conclusion, when, without any reason being assigned, an Imperial Decree was sprung upon us necessitating their being commenced again from the beginning. It was no wonder that the Syndicates were dissatisfied with this procedure, which was likely to lead to indefinite delay.\n\nTong Ta-jên explained that the Viceroy Yuan was selected as negotiator as being the highest territorial authority of the district and Northern Superintendent of Trade, and the Viceroy Chang was associated with him as being the most highly-placed and influential native of Chilli. Their joint decision would be accepted by the public opinion of the country.\n\nCount Rex said it was an impossible arrangement devised purely for the purpose of blocking the whole question, and he renewed his demand, which he made under the express orders of his Sovereign, that the negotiations should be carried on by the Board of Communications in Peking.\n\n[2525 c-6]",
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    {
        "id": 412674,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "page_number": 434,
        "title": "CO129-345 - Public Offices & Foreign Office - 1907",
        "content_text": "**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## CHINA TRADE.\n\nNo. 1.\n\n### SECTION 2.\n\n(No. 424.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received October 21.)\n\nPeking, September 4, 1907.\n\nON receipt of your despatch No. 275 of the 11th July, inquiring whether a Proclamation of the Consolidated Opium Tax Bureau of Chihli was issued with the direct or indirect authority of the Chinese Government, I requested Mr. Hopkins, His Majesty's Consul-General at Tien-tsin, to report upon the status of the Bureau and whether the Proclamation was ever disavowed by the Viceroy of Chilli.\n\nFrom Mr. Hopkins' reply, copy of which I have the honour to inclose, you will see that the Bureau unquestionably has an official status and that the Proclamation has never been disavowed.\n\n(No. 51.) Sir,\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN,\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Hopkins to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nTien-tsin, September 2, 1907.\n\nIN reply to your despatch No. 29 regarding a Proclamation issued by the Consolidated Opium Tax Bureau of Chihli, inquiring what is the official status of this Bureau and whether the Proclamation was ever disavowed by the Viceroy, I have the honour to inform you as follows:\n\nThe full title of the Bureau is \"Chihli ch'uan shêng t'u yao t'ung shui fên chü.\" It is situated at a place called Ch'ang-hsin-tien, west of Peking, in this province. As you will note from its title, it is a branch bureau, the head office being in Hupei, under the control of a High Commissioner for the collection of the tax on native opium for the whole of China. The present holder of the post is his Excellency K'o Feng-shih. Most unquestionably this collectorate has the most official status. The Proclamation has, so far as I can learn, never been disavowed by the Viceroy Yuan Shih-kai. Indeed, it would not be in his power to take such a step, the Bureau not being under his control.\n\nI have, &c.\n(Signed) L. C. HOPKINS.",
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    },
    {
        "id": 415630,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 325,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n[39249]\n\n### No. 1\n\n**RECEIVED** 1798 [December 9.] **REG 17 JAN 03.**\n\nSir,\n\nForeign Office to Chinese Engineering and Mining Company.\n\nForeign Office, December 9, 1907.\n\nI am directed by Secretary Sir E. Grey to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 27th ultimo respecting the mining rights of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company in Chilli.\n\nI am to inform you that in a recent despatch His Majesty's Minister at Peking reported that, as he wished to prevent the Viceroy Yuan from trying to bring pressure to bear on the Company by any open act of aggression while the question of an adjustment was under consideration, he sent Mr. Mayers, Acting Chinese Secretary, to Tien-tsin on the 15th August to inform the Customs Taotai there, on Sir J. Jordan's behalf, that he was prepared to use his best endeavours towards effecting a reasonable and amicable adjustment of the existing difficulties on the lines of the scheme for settlement, which it was understood Major Nathan had already submitted to the Chinese authorities, and that he was ready to depute Sir Alexander Hosie, Acting Commercial Attaché to His Majesty's Legation, to meet the Viceroy's delegate and the Company's representative with the object of arranging a settlement acceptable to both parties. In the meantime, Sir J. Jordan desired to strongly impress on the Viceroy the inadvisability of resorting to any overt act of hostility towards the Company.\n\nIn a letter dated the 16th August, the Customs Taotai stated that he had conveyed Sir J. Jordan's message to the Viceroy, who was quite prepared to accept Sir Alexander Hosie's mediation in the matter.\n\nSir J. Jordan now proposes to arrange for an early meeting between the parties, with a view to reconciling if possible their divergencies of view.\n\nI am to add that, in a telegram dated the 27th November, Sir J. Jordan reported that he considered the dispute between the Viceroy and the Company to be no longer in an acute stage.\n\nA copy of your letter will therefore be forwarded to Sir J. Jordan by mail for any observations he may have to offer on it. With reference, however, to the statement contained in your letter in regard to the transfer of the property from the old Chinese Company having been confirmed by Imperial Decree, I am to observe that this Department has understood throughout the discussion of the matter that the Company's case was much prejudiced by the fact that the transfer has never received the Imperial assent, and that the wording of the Rescript quoted in your letter rather tends to show that what was contemplated in the Decree was the retention of the property in purely Chinese hands.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed)  \nF. A. CAMPBELL.\n\n[2769 i-1]  \n323  \n(This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.)",
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    {
        "id": 415770,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "page_number": 465,
        "title": "CO129-350 - Public Offices - 1908",
        "content_text": "## CONFIDENTIAL\n\n### CHINA TRADE\n\n#### No. 1\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received January 11, 1908.)\n\n**(No. 560.)**\n\nPeking, November 28, 1907\n\nIN my despatches Nos. 285 of the 12th June last and 341 of the 16th July I transmitted to you copies of notes from the Wai-wu Pu respecting the grant of exemption certificates by the Customs authorities at Newchwang to foreign goods which had already paid import duty and were destined for the newly opened trade marts in Manchuria.\n\nThis arrangement, however, only applied to goods re-exported to the Manchurian trade marts from Newchwang, and it was recently brought to my notice that the Commissioner of Customs at Tien-tsin was without instructions authorizing him to grant exemption certificates to goods re-exported from Tien-tsin to the trade marts in question and consequently declined to do so.\n\nAs a result of representations which I made on the subject, the Wai-wu Pu have now addressed to me a note, translation of which is inclosed, forwarding an experimental set of Regulations drawn up by Sir Robert Hart, according to which exemption certificates may in future be issued at Tien-tsin, Dalny, and Antung, as well as at Newchwang.\n\nI have, &c.\n\n**(Signed)**\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 1\n\n#### Wai-wu Pu to Sir J. Jordan.\n\nNovember 19, 1907\n\nACCORDING to a communication dated the 9th instant from the Revenue Council with reference to the re-export by rail to the newly opened Manchurian trade marts of foreign goods which had already paid import duty at Newchwang to the Customs, the Revenue Council have approved of the adoption of a form of procedure which had formed the subject of correspondence between the Council and the Viceroy of Chilli. This was for the Customs authorities to issue a certificate, by which a double payment of duty would be avoided, and for a time limit of two months to be fixed within which the original certificates were to be returned stamped from the port of destination to the issuing office to be cancelled. This form of procedure had been duly notified to the places concerned.\n\nIn addition to this, however, the custom-houses at Tien-tsin, Antung, and Tairen are in a position analogous to that of Newchwang, and goods which are actually re-exported from those ports to the trade marts, although they may not be rail-borne, are on the same footing as rail-borne goods, and ought, consequently, not to be subjected to differential treatment.\n\nFurther, the collection a second time of duty on native goods which have already paid the coast-trade duty and are subsequently re-exported to the trade marts ought also to be avoided, and such goods ought in common fairness to be put on an even footing with foreign goods. The Revenue Council therefore directed the Inspector-General of Customs to devise some satisfactory method of procedure.\n\nSir R. Hart has now submitted a set of experimental Rules which are based on a comparative study of various proposals that have been put forward from time to time. The Council have forwarded copy of these Rules for the Board's information with the request that the foreign Representatives may be notified of their issue in order that they may direct their respective nationals among the mercantile community to observe them.\n\n[2813 -1]\n\n### Preceding Document\n\n**E. F. CROWE.**\n\nOctober 28, 1907.\n\n**(Signed)**\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\nIf two Contracting Parties have duly registered each in his own country only an identical trade-mark, but only one of them has actually and lawfully used such trade-mark in China, that one shall be entitled to the exclusive use of such mark in China, and shall enjoy protection against infringement or misuse by the other party, provided always that the said other party can be proved to have acted with fraudulent intent.\n\nFurthermore, the Convention refers only to trade-marks. As \"Hong\" names are also liable to piracy by Japanese subjects--witness the Carlowitz case, mentioned in despatch No. 167 to Foreign Office of the 1st August last--a clause should be included protecting them, whether registered or not.\n\nIt is also not clear whether \"subjects of one Contracting Party\" would include all colonial subjects, whether the Colonies to which they belong have adhered to the Anglo-Japanese Treaty or not.\n\nPage 462\n5508\nJanuary 11.\nSECTION 1\n14 FEB 08",
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    },
    {
        "id": 422137,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 166,
        "title": "CO129-361 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## China Trade\n\n### Confidential\n\n#### Section 1\n\n[13756]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n**Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey**.-(Received April 13.)\n\n(No. 126.) Sir,\n\nPeking, March 22, 1909.\n\nI HAVE the honour to inclose a translation of a Decree published on the 15th instant on the opium question.\n\nNo mention is made in this document of the recent Conference at Shanghai, but its publication a few days after the final Reports of the Commission reached Peking and its allusions to the co-operation of other countries seem to indicate that it is intended in some measure as a supplement to the Commission's proceedings.\n\nThe multiplicity of long Decrees which have been issued on questions of reform can hardly fail to lessen their weight in the minds of the people, especially as they constantly admit that the authorities fail to carry out the measures which have been ordained. In the present instance, the principal object of the Central Government appears to be to impress upon the country the necessity of further taxation to replace the loss of revenue accruing from opium. The increase in the price of salt—which is a Government monopoly—is declared to be insufficient to meet the demands of army expenditure, which has depended hitherto on the opium revenue, and the various authorities are called upon to submit recommendations for making good the deficit.\n\n(Translation.)\n\nI have, &c.\n\n(Signed) J. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1.\n\n**Decree respecting the Opium Question.**\n\nTHE policy of suppressing the use of opium, which we have recently laid down in our efforts to strengthen our nation and promote its education and welfare, embraces questions affecting the physical welfare of the race, the enrichment of the people, the prosperity of the land, and the curtailment of waste, all of which are of the utmost importance.\n\nThe nations of the world are watching our efforts and are animated with the desire to help us. Now in this question there are three main issues to consider, namely, the suppression of opium smoking, the suppression of its cultivation, and the raising of revenue to compensate for the loss in duties on foreign and native opium, and these three are interdependent. If any one issue is not worked out to a satisfactory conclusion it will be impossible to prevent the other two from being involved in delay, and it is to be feared that when the time limit has expired there will be nothing to show for our efforts.\n\nDuring recent years several officials addicted to the vice have been impeached by the Opium Commissioners and by the various high provincial authorities and punished, but there are still large numbers of those who make a jest of the Regulations and disobey them.\n\nIn dealing with opium cultivation in the provinces the limit of time for its suppression, as laid down in the original Regulations, was ten years; but subsequently the high authorities of Yunnan, Szechuan, Shansi, Chilli, and Heilungchiang memorialized the Throne to the effect that in these provinces the cultivation of opium could be entirely suppressed in one year, thereby showing evidence of their zeal in the performance of their duties.\n\nBut it remains to be seen whether the suppression of opium cultivation will be carried on with equal determination in all the provinces, and whether the local officials, in addition to their efforts in this direction, will succeed in persuading the people to start the cultivation of other crops which will be of material benefit to... \n\nPage 154",
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    {
        "id": 422605,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "page_number": 8,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "## C.O. 22375\n\nThis Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government\n\n## CHINA TRADE\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n[22064]\n\n### No. 1\n\nReceived 5 JUL 09\n\n[June 14]\n\n## SECTION 4\n\n6\n\n### Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received June 14.)\n\n**(No. 186.)**\n\nPeking, May 24, 1909.\n\nWITH reference to my despatch No. 263 of the 10th June, 1908, transmitting a translation of the regulations for the introduction of uniform weights and measures throughout China, I have the honour to enclose a copy of a recent memorial by the Board of Commerce, in which they report that the Chinese Ministers in London and Paris have been called upon to procure patterns of British and French standards. The board have further started to build a factory, and have ordered machinery for making the new weights and measures.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure in No. 1\n\nExtract from the Peiyang Official Gazette of May 3, 1909.\n\n**MEMORIAL** by the Board of Agriculture, Industry, and Commerce, reporting the steps they have taken towards the introduction of a uniform system of Weights and Measures.\n\n**(Translation.)**\n\nIN September last year a memorial of the Grand Secretariat and Government Council reporting on a memorial submitted by the Boards of Finance and Commerce with reference to a uniform system of weights and measures was sanctioned by the throne. The board at once proceeded to make the necessary arrangements, but the question is one of great difficulty, and it is essential that simultaneous action should be taken throughout the provinces. They now proceed to state the preliminary steps which have been taken.\n\nThe first step necessary is to procure proper standards of weights and measures to serve as models for those to be issued to public authorities throughout the Empire. The standard measures employed in foreign countries are made of white metal (platinum), and those countries which belong to the Metric Union obtain them from the union. China is not a member of the union, but with a view to securing uniformity the board have requested the Chinese Ministers in London and France to purchase British and French standard measures to serve as patterns, and have also ordered the necessary machinery from abroad. A site for a factory has been purchased inside the Hsi Chih Men, and the building should be completed in about six months. The cost of the machinery and of building will be about 60,000 taels.\n\nAs regards the provinces, officers will be sent by the provincial authorities to examine the weights and measures at present in use and to ascertain how many of the new standard measures will be required. Some opposition will doubtless be encountered, but as one specimen of the old measures will at first be retained, it should be possible to avoid any great inconvenience and finally to substitute the new standards. Reports have already been received from Chilli, Kirin, and Kwangtung that officers have been appointed to the post of director of the Bureau of Weights and Measures, and the board have now pressed the other provincial authorities to furnish reports as soon as possible, and obtain returns as to the number of new standard measures required.\n\nAfter pointing out the importance of a uniform system of weights and measures, the board request that an Imperial decree may be issued to all the high provincial authorities to take the necessary steps without delay.\n\n[2328 0--4]\n\nPage 1",
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    {
        "id": 423368,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "page_number": 771,
        "title": "CO129-362 - Public Offices - 1909",
        "content_text": "# C. O. 34968\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\n## CHINA TRADE\n\n### SECTION 1\n\n#### Sir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received October 4.)\n\n**(No. 339.)**\nPeking, September 17, 1909.\n\nIN my despatch No. 226 of the 24th June, respecting the commercial crisis in Tien-tsin, I mentioned that it was proposed to appoint a kind of relief commission to deal with the matter, and to devise means to relieve the situation with funds to be provided by the Chinese Government. I have the honour to enclose a copy of a despatch from His Majesty's consul-general at Tien-tsin, forwarding a letter from the four British firms interested, in which they protest against the treatment of the question by this relief commission, and express the desire that their claims should be dealt with by the Chinese authorities in the usual manner, and that those debtors who cannot meet their liabilities should be declared bankrupt, and their assets distributed proportionately among their creditors.\n\nAs I stated in my previous despatch, I consider this to be the only proper means of dealing with the cases, and I have addressed the enclosed despatch to Mr. Fulford approving his proposals to address the Viceroy in support of this request of the British firms.\n\nAs I had promised Mr. Fulford, I took the opportunity of my interview with his Excellency Na-t'ung yesterday to lay the facts of the case before his Excellency, and to tell him that the British firms would have nothing to do with the relief commission, and wished to have their claims decided singly on their merits in the usual manner by the Chinese judicial authorities, and not be put off by being referred to the commission. His Excellency, to my surprise, stated that this was the first he had ever heard of the commission, either in his capacity of President of the Wai-wu Pu or of acting Viceroy at Tien-tsin, but he agreed with me in my views as to the proper method of dealing with the matter, and promised to write to Tuan-fang, the new Viceroy of Chilli, to inform him of what I had said. It was agreed, however, that before taking any such action, it might be well to await the result of the representations which Mr. Fulford was making to the Viceroy locally.\n\nI have, &c.\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Inclosure 1 in No. 1.\n\n#### Consul-General Fulford to Sir J. Jordan.\n\n**(No. 54.)**\nTien-tsin, September 7, 1909.\n\nREFERRING to my despatch No. 43 of the 5th June last, I have the honour to enclose copy of a joint letter, dated the 11th August last, which I have received from the four British firms largely, if not solely, interested in the claims against Chinese merchants in connection with the commercial crisis in Tien-tsin.\n\nThese firms confirm their previous objections to the treatment of the question by means of the relief commission described in my former despatch. They desire that their claims against Chinese be heard in the usual way, and that those debtors who have failed should be declared bankrupt and their assets distributed proportionately amongst their creditors.\n\nI propose, subject to your approval, to address the Viceroy of Chibli in support of the claim of the British merchants to have their claims dealt with in the manner described, without reference to the commission.\n\nThe work of the commission has so far been confined to ascertaining the amounts of the claims against Chinese merchants, and the particulars of the assets of the debtor firms. I have been asked unofficially by the German consul to ascertain whether British firms would send in to the commission particulars of their claims. The Chinese Court, the Shên Pan Ting, upon my pressing British claims against the Chinese firm Tai Lung Chêng, requested me to tell the claimants to furnish the...",
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        "document_key": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "page_number": 158,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "(Précis Translation.)\n\n26\n\n# PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES\n\nRules published in the \"Official Gazette\" of July 24, 1908.\n\n## Chapter I.-General Scheme\n\nArticle 1. A provincial assembly shall be established in each province at the seat of the Viceroy or governor.\n\nAccording to the Imperial decree of the 19th October, 1907, the main purpose of the provincial assemblies is to collect public opinion on the affairs of the provinces with a view to measures of reform and order.\n\n## Chapter II-Members\n\nArt. 2. The assemblies of the different provinces shall consist of the following numbers of elected members:\n\n  \n    Manchuria\n    Fêngtien\n    50\n  \n  \n    \n    Kirin\n    30\n  \n  \n    \n    Hellungchiaug\n    30\n  \n  \n    Peking Prefecture and Chilli Province\n    \n    140\n  \n  \n    Shantung\n    \n    100\n  \n  \n    Shansi\n    \n    86\n  \n  \n    Kiangsu (Nanking)\n    \n    55\n  \n  \n    Kiangsu (Soochow)\n    \n    66\n  \n  \n    Anhui\n    \n    83\n  \n  \n    Kiangsi\n    \n    97\n  \n  \n    Chekiang\n    \n    114\n  \n  \n    Fukien\n    \n    72\n  \n  \n    Hupei\n    \n    80\n  \n  \n    Hunan\n    \n    82\n  \n  \n    Shensi\n    \n    63\n  \n  \n    Kansu\n    \n    43\n  \n  \n    Szechuan\n    \n    105\n  \n  \n    Kwangtung\n    \n    91\n  \n  \n    Kuangsi\n    \n    57\n  \n  \n    Yunnan\n    \n    68\n  \n  \n    Kueichou\n    \n    39\n  \n  \n    New Dominion (Turkestan)\n    \n    30\n  \n  \n    Honan\n    \n    96\n  \n\nPending reorganisation and the effective removal of the differences between Chinese and Manchus, the Manchu Banners of Peking have a temporary representation of ten members in the Chihli assembly over and above the 140 assigned in the list. The Manchu garrisons in the provinces are also represented in the assemblies concerned by one to three members, the number in each case being fixed by agreement between the Viceroy and the Tartar-general.\n\nArt. 3. Males of 25 years or over of the following categories are qualified to elect members in their own province:\n\n(1.) Persons who have completed three years' service in educational or other public works in the province,\n\n(2.) Graduates with certificates from Chinese or foreign colleges of a certain standing.\n\n(3.) Graduates of the old school of a certain rank.\n\n(4.) Civil officials of the seventh rank or higher, and military officials of the fifth rank or higher.\n\n(5.) Owners of movable or immovable property of the value of 5,000 dollars or over.\n\nArt. 4. Males of 25 or over are qualified to elect members in provinces other than their native province, provided that they have completed ten years' residence in the province of domicil, and possess movable or immovable property of the value of 10,000 dollars.\n\nArt. 5. Males of the province, or those domiciled for ten years or more in the province, if 30 years of age, are qualified to serve as members.\n\n(Note. The rule does not say so, but the intention evidently is that the persons mentioned in articles 3 and 4 are eligible for election as members provided that they are over 30.)\n\nArt. 6. The following persons are disqualified from voting as electors and from being elected as members:\n\n(1.) Persons of refractory, self-seeking, or overbearing character.\n\n(2.) Persons who have suffered imprisonment or higher punishments.\n\n(3.) Persons of irregular occupation.\n\n(4.) Persons who have not cleared themselves of charges of malversation.\n\n(5.) Opium smokers.\n\n(6.) Persons of unsound mind.\n\n27\n\n(7.) Persons of unclean origin (actors, lictors, children of prostitutes, &c.).\n\n(8.) Illiterate persons.\n\nArt. 7. The following persons cannot exercise the right to elect or be elected:\n\n(1.) Officials, and secretaries of officials, of the provinces.\n\n(2.) Soldiers serving in the regular army or reserves.\n\n(3.) Officers and men serving in the police.\n\n(4.) Clericals of all denominations.\n\n(5.) Students.\n\nArt. 8. Teachers in elementary schools cannot be elected to serve as members.\n\nArt. 9. The election of members to be conducted in accordance with the separate regulations on the subject.\n\n## Chapter III-President, Vice-Presidents, and Standing Committee\n\nArt. 10. In each assembly there shall be a president and two vice-presidents and a standing committee of a certain number of members, all of whom shall be elected by the members. The number of a standing committee shall be 20 per cent. of the number of members of the assembly.\n\nPresident and vice-presidents to be ballotted for individually; the standing committee by ticket. A majority elects.\n\nDetails are to be arranged by each assembly.\n\nArt. 11. The president directs the business of the assembly. The vice-presidents assist in the direction. In the absence of the president a vice-president acts as president. In the absence of president and vice-presidents a president is elected pro tempore by the members.\n\nArt. 12. Matters falling within clauses 9 to 12 of article 21 which may be dealt with by the standing committee while the assembly is not sitting shall be reported to the full House at the next session.\n\nThe standing committee shall meet in the House of Assembly for business whenever required by the Viceroy or governor.\n\nArt. 13. President, vice-presidents, and standing committee shall attend regularly at the House, in session or out of session for the transaction of business.\n\nArt. 14. Apart from the powers assigned to their offices the president and vice-presidents possess no privileges other than those of ordinary members.\n\n## Chapter IV-Terms of Office and Vacancies\n\nArt. 15. The president, vice-presidents and members are appointed for a term of three years. The term of members of the standing committee is one year. The term begins with the opening of the first session after election.\n\nArt. 16. A vacancy in the post of president shall be filled by a vice-president; in the post of vice-president by an election from the members. When the assembly is not in session this election will be made by the standing committee.\n\nA vacancy in the standing committee shall be filled by the first name on a special supernumerary list.\n\nA vacancy in the House shall be filled by the first name on a supernumerary list of elected persons.\n\nArt. 17. Presidents, vice-presidents, and members elected to fill vacancies shall serve only for the unexpired term of their predecessors.\n\n## Chapter V-Re-election and Resignation\n\nArt. 18. On the expiry of his term a member may offer himself for re-election, and if re-elected, may continue to serve, but only for one more term.\n\nArt. 19. Members cannot resign except for the following reasons:\n\n1. Bona fide illness and physical incapacity,\n\n2. Bona fide official duties or business which prevents regular attendance in the province.\n\n3. Special permission of the House in other cases.\n\nArt. 20. A member who has served a term may decline to serve if re-elected.\n\n156",
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        "page_number": 243,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "Enclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nConsul-General Fulford to Messrs. Forbes and Co.\n\nGentlemen,\n\nTien-tsin, November 13, 1909. I BEG to acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 8th instant asking me to endeavour to obtain for you exemption from inland taxation on beans and bean oil brought from Manchuria to Chin Wang Tao for export abroad.\n\nThe question is a complicated one, and you may not be aware of all the circumstances.\n\nThe freedom from such taxation in the case of beans and bean oil exported through Dairen and Newchwang arises from the status of the Japanese Manchurian Railway. The Japanese refuse to allow the Chinese authorities to levy any taxes on goods in conveyance by the railway. Consequently, if the beans can be brought to any railway station on the line without being taxed en route they escape all internal taxation and only pay export duty. From our foreign merchants' point of view this is a happy state of things in the advantages of which our British merchants at Dairen and Newchwang participate. The Chinese Manchurian authorities of course claim that the beans are liable to taxation on their way to a railway station or a treaty mart and will enforce the tax if they can. I may mention that the only tax leviable in such cases is a \"production tax\" or transit duty in lieu thereof.\n\nIf, on the other hand, the beans were to be conveyed by the Chinese railway to Chin Wang Tao, unless they were protected by transit passes, they would have to pay the Manchurian production tax, an Imperial Board of Revenue li-kin or tax of some sort at Kou Pang Tzu (this office is quite independent of Manchurian Government control), and also the Chilli li-kin when they come into this province.\n\nIt is hopeless to attempt to persuade the Chinese Government to waive these latter taxes, because they cannot collect taxes on the Japanese railway,\n\nIt is true that it would be for the benefit of the Chinese railway to do so, but Chinese Government departments are notoriously unsympathetic for each other's welfare, and their consent would, moreover, justify to some extent the Japanese action. The only way to do the business you propose is to take out transit passes for the beans and bean oil to bring them to Chin Wang Tao for export. This should free them of all internal taxation except the transit dues.\n\nFor instance, it should relieve them of the payment of Manchurian production tax. I do not suppose that by any means all of the bean products exported at Newchwang and Dairen escape this production tax. It is a moderate tax of 1 or 11/2 per cent. ad valorem.\n\nIf the export trade at Chin Wang Tao will not stand even the transit duty, I do not see any prospect of better terms.\n\nIf there be any difficulty about taking out transit passes as above described, I am quite prepared to fight the matter for you vigorously.\n\nI am, &c.\n\nH. E. FULFORD.\n\n[This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government.]\n\n-241\n\nRece Recf18 FEB 10 [January 25.]\n\nAFFAIRS OF CHINA.\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n[2875]\n\n(No. 7.)\n\nSir,\n\nNo. 1.\n\nSECTION 3.\n\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.--(Received January 25.)\n\nPeking, January 6, 1910. IN my despatch No. 564 of the 16th December, 1908, I reported that the British American Tobacco Company desired to consolidate all the various dues leviable upon their cigarettes and manufactured tobacco exported from Mukden to any place in Manchuria, and had suggested that this consolidated duty should be at the rate of a duty and a-half, viz., 6·75 mace per picul.\n\nSince that date the proposal has been the subject of considerable correspondence, the course of which has been as follows :——\n\nThe first suggestion of the company was, from the very outset, not considered practicable, and their Shanghae manager, both in conversation with me and His Majesty's consul-general at Mukden, stated that the interests of the Mukden factory would best be served by an adoption of the procedure obtaining with regard to the factories at Hankow and Shanghae. According to this procedure, which is in the nature of a concession, and was obtained by Sir Ernest Satow in 1904, the export duty levied on the cigarettes manufactured by the company is to be the same as that paid on prepared tobacco, viz., 4 mace 5 candareens per 100 catties; in the event of the goods being shipped to another treaty port the coast trade duty of one-half this amount must be paid, and, if there is a further shipment into the interior, customs dues must be paid at customs stations and li-kin at li-kin barriers.\n\nMr. Willis accordingly applied to the local authorities in December 1908 for an extension of these terms to the factory at Mukden. They replied that they were prepared to arrange for a uniform rate of 5 per cent. ad valorem throughout the three Eastern provinces. This offer was declined by the company, and Mr. Fulford, who was temporarily in charge of the consulate-general, again asked that the procedure should be adopted which exists at Hankow and Shanghae. This second request was referred to the Wai-wu Pu, and his Excellency the Viceroy later informed Mr. Willis that it had his support.\n\nAs no reply, however, was forthcoming from the Central Government, I addressed a memorandum to the Wai-wu Pu on the 12th July last, copy of which I have the honour to enclose, and on the 9th August I received a reply, copy of which is also enclosed, accepting the proposal. Subsequently, however, in their enclosed memorandum of the 9th September last, the Wai-wu Pu went back upon their previous decision, and suggested the 5 per cent. ad valorem duty which had already been refused by the company. The reason for this change of front is no doubt to be sought in the representations made at the time by the new Viceroy, who disagreed with his predecessor's opinion, as reported in Mr. Willis's enclosed despatch No. 31 of the 17th August last. I replied to the Wai-wu Pu on the 15th September that I was unable to agree to a revocation of the arrangement already accepted. At the same time, I informed His Majesty's consul-general that, although I was obliged to maintain this attitude officially, I should welcome any arrangement satisfactory to the parties concerned, and that if, as indicated in a private letter from Mr. Willis to me, the company were now anxious to adopt the proposal of a 5 per cent. duty, he should support them in their endeavour to obtain a settlement on this basis.\n\nFrom Mr. Willis's latest despatch (No. 64 of the 20th December), you will observe that the divergence of policy on the part of the company has been due to a difference of opinion between the managers of their branches at Shanghae and Mukden, but the London office of the company have now apparently decided to adopt the point of view of the Shanghae manager, and press for the procedure obtaining at Shanghae and Hankow.\n\nI shall therefore do all I can to keep the Wai-wu Pu to the engagement recorded in their memorandum of the 9th August.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n[Enclosures not printed.]\n\n[2605 b6-3]",
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        "page_number": 506,
        "title": "CO129-371 - Public Offices - 1910",
        "content_text": "1¦\n\n2\n\nI answered that, according to our ideas, the fact that one party to a suit had no evidence to bring forward was not a reason why the other party should refuse to go to arbitration, but quite the contrary,\n\nThe Minister said, however, that China herself had no surveys to bring forward. The Macao boundary had not been formed by the sea as at Hong Kong, in which case there could be no dispute, or by rivers or canals, but simply by boundary stones. The Portuguese had moved these stones forward, and because the Chinese Government had taken no notice at the time the Portuguese were now claiming the additional territory.\n\nI said that all this seemed to me a matter suitable for arbitration.\n\nThe Minister expressed the opinion that his Government must fight out the matter by diplomacy.\n\nI explained to him that, in that case, it was usual to observe the status quo while negotiations were proceeding; but I understood that the Chinese officials were moving forward.\n\nThe Minister replied that he was quite sure the Chinese officials would be punished if they did move forward; but he must point out that it was the Portuguese who had moved the boundary pillars, and thus caused the trouble,\n\nI repeated that all this seemed to me to be suitable for arbitration.\n\nWith regard to the Anhui Mining concession case, I observed that the settlement on the basis of the payment of a sum of money by the Chinese Government had been reached by agreement; the amount of the sum was much less than the claim originally made by the concessionnaires, and it had been agreed to only on the understanding that the money would be paid at once.\n\nThe Minister said that he thought this would be arranged.\n\nThe Minister then said that, if we had stated some time ago that it would be desirable to postpone the visit to England of Prince Tsai-tao, the postponement might have been made, but it was now rather late to arrange this, as the Prince proposed to leave America on the 5th May, and would be here on the 10th.\n\nI replied that there was ample time before the 10th May to settle the points which we had been discussing. It need not take a week to accept arbitration.\n\nThe Minister explained that one of the disadvantages of his country was that things moved so slowly there.\n\nI said I had become aware of this, and it was precisely one of the reasons for the complaints we made; and we had proposed arbitration because, otherwise, it seemed likely that some things would never be settled. I went on to observe that it would surely be a good precedent for China to accept arbitration with a Western Power. It would be a precedent which would be valuable to her in the event of future disputes with Western Powers. For instance, in future, if a missionary was killed and a port was claimed in return, China would herself be able to ask that the matter should be referred to arbitration.\n\nI am, &c.\n\n(Signed)\n\nE. GREY.\n\n3\n\n1. As regards the case of the Chinese Engineering and Mining Company, it is altogether a case of unfair dealings on the part of the English merchant. In the action brought by Chang-Yi (Chang Yen-Mao) in the British Law Court in London, judgment was given in his favour, ordering the defendant to carry out what was called the supplementary agreement.\" But the English merchant has for a number of years disobeyed this order, and is still in occupation of all the property.\n\nThe Chinese Government, being anxious to maintain friendly relations between our two countries has again instructed the Viceroy of Chilli to appoint officials to conduct negotiations regarding this question; thus we are doing our utmost to arrive at a satisfactory settlement. This course of action would not in similar circumstances have been adopted by any other country than China.\n\n2. As regards the case of our boundary dispute with Portugal over Macao, we submit that this is a question which should be settled between China and Portugal themselves, and in which Great Britain is not concerned. As the Boundary Commissioners, appointed by the Chinese and Portuguese Governments, have not been able to arrive at a settlement, the discussion of the question is temporarily suspended. It will be resumed when the leave of absence granted to Minister Liu expires. This is a question which can be ultimately settled between China and Portugal amicably, and\n\nit is not thought necessary that England should intervene in it,\n\n3. As regards the Anhui Mining Concession case, though the original agreement had become of no validity, nevertheless the Imperial Government agreed to give 52,000l. in order to settle it. This compromise, beyond what was called for, we made in order to meet the wishes of the British Government. The payment of the money\n\nhas been delayed simply because the financial condition of the Anhui province has not yet been equal to meeting this demand. We have, however, again instructed the province to make a telegraphic remittance of the sum as soon as possible. This is a point which we would venture to think should not be used as a pretext for raising other questions.\n\nSince the arrival of the British Minister, Sir John Jordan, at his post in Peking, he has continually pressed us to settle various questions, some trivial, some important; and we, having such a strong regard for a friendly Power, have always endeavoured to do the utmost possible to meet his wishes, and throughout all the negotiations there has been nothing but great conciliation on our part. Within recent years numerous questions have been settled, and it is hoped that this can be considered as a sufficiently true proof of our great friendliness towards England. If the British Foreign Office still makes complaints against us, we would venture to say that the Chinese Government is unable to do more than what has already been done.\n\nIf England should be omitted in the programme of visits paid by Prince Tsai-tao\n\nto America and Europe, the blame will not rest with us.\n\nPlease inform the British Foreign Office fully of the above, and ascertain what is the real intention of their communication in order that we may telegraph to Prince Tsai-tao accordingly.\n\n(Translation.)\n\n(Telegraphic.)\n\nEnclosure in No. 1.\n\nWai-wu Pu to Li Ching-fong.\n\nYOUR telegram of the 24th received.\n\nMarch 26, 1910.\n\nThe present mission of Prince Tsai-tao to England has in view the strengthening of friendly relations between the two countries.\n\nThe British Foreign Office has, however, in consequence of official reports lately received, and of the three unsettled cases mentioned in the memorandum you received from that department, suggested that His Imperial Highness should postpone his visit to England. As the points raised in these questions are different from each other in their importance we cannot understand what the real intention of the British Foreign Office is in making this suggestion.\n\nIt is not impossible for Prince Tsai-tao to postpone his visit to England, but it is to be feared that his doing so may result in unpleasant developments to the detriment of the relations happily existing between our two countries when the cause of the postponement becomes generally known.\n\n503",
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        "page_number": 273,
        "title": "CO129-382 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "## occupied space in the native press, probably grateful for some topic of actual news, out of all proportion to other subjects. The debates are attended by reporters from all the leading papers in Peking, and the speeches of members are chronicled at great length, though not in extenso. The best accounts of these debates appear in the \"Northern Times,\" which is the organ of Mr. Lei Fen, a provincial delegate from Kiangsu, who has already made himself a great reputation as the leading orator in the Senate.\n\nThe struggle, which was inevitable, but of which the first active expression was the incident on the 9th November, as mentioned in Mr. Max Müller's despatch No. 413 above referred to, after simmering for some two weeks in the columns of the press, which duly reported that a certain grand councillor had stated à propos of the incident of the 9th, that he would rather meet a \"Boxer\" than the members of the Senate, broke out again into active expression in the Senate on the 22nd instant. On the previous day, edicts had been issued which embodied views in variance with the previous findings of the Senate on the subjects in question. The Senate moved that the grand councillors be impeached for disloyalty to the Throne, since they failed to advise for the good of the nation. The grand councillors are reported to have replied to the censure of the Senate that their signatures on decrees were derived from an ancient custom dating back to the times of the Emperor Ch'ien Lung (1735-1795), and that they were not responsible for the contents of these edicts. They are stated to have adopted an attitude of contemptuous indignation towards the threatened impeachment, declaring that were such impeachment made, either it would be treated with silent contempt or the Senate would be dissolved. Although a native paper has stated that the impeachment, which was undoubtedly drawn up, was presented on the 1st December, it is more probable that it was shelved, on reconsideration, by the Senate, and nothing has at any rate eventuated. The native papers have dropped the subject, and the Grand Council, though possibly more amenable, as evidenced by later decrees, continues its non-attendance of debates.\n\nIn connection with the Senate, it is worthy of note that a statement has appeared in a native paper to the effect that foreigners are most anxious to obtain introductions to provincial members of the Senate. Also, that a further article has appeared praising the capacity of this class of member in comparison with that of the special representatives of the various Government offices that attend the sittings on behalf of the Government. The sympathy of the press in the struggle with the Government has undoubtedly been with the Senate.\n\n## Opium\n\nThe anti-opium agitation as directed against the import of Indian opium by the Chinese National Anti-Opium Society has been accorded the fullest hospitality in the columns of the \"Peking Daily News.\" Long columns of correspondence on the subject have appeared in its pages, and the doings of the society have been recorded at some length. The paper, however, has refrained from comment on the question. Among the vernacular papers, the \"Chung Kuo Pao\"—which, as noted in previous press summaries, is not a very reputable paper of anti-foreign and anti-official tendencies—has been the main supporter of the society. It has published a laudatory article on the work of Mr. Thwing, the American secretary of the society, and ever since its formation was recorded in its columns of the 15th November, the paper has paid considerable attention to the society's doings. The telegrams sent to papers and societies in England and America have been invariably duly noted, not only in the \"Chung Kuo Pao,\" but in other native papers.\n\nThe only other extracts of interest under this heading are:\n\n| Extracts |\n| --- |\n| 1. A statement that the Chibli Provincial Assembly has passed a resolution forbidding the import of opium into the province after 1912; and |\n| 2. That the resolutions in regard to opium suppression which were passed by the Senate at its sitting of the 2nd December would appear to have their origin in three resolutions recorded by the native press as laid before that body by the United Provincial Assemblies Society at the beginning of November. |\n\nThese resolutions, after showing in the preamble the fallacy of the much-used argument that if China ceases to produce before the termination of ten years it will only mean gain to foreign countries at her expense, advocate the immediate suppression of opium within China's boundaries. They point out that the anti-opium movement is one that concerns morals and good health, and that any temporary financial gain to foreigners should be a negligible factor. It is to be regretted that the senators, at the sitting of the 2nd December, preferred, like Rehoboam, to be led by the counsels of the young Anti-Opium Society rather than by the common sense advice of these sages.\n\n## K'aiping Mines\n\nMuch interest has been shown by the vernacular press in this question. The history of the case up to date has been set forth on various occasions without bias, and the developments of the struggle between Chang Yen-mou (Chang-Yi) and the Chilli Viceroy are duly noted.\n\nEarly in the month, it was announced that Chang Yi had been denounced to the Throne by the Chihli Viceroy for blocking the redemption project. Later, a statement appeared to the effect that the Chihli gentry, disgusted for the same reason, were presenting a memorial in the same sense. It was then reported that the question of the redemption of these mines had been referred to a special committee of the Senate. This committee reported adversely on Chang Yi's memorial, and in consequence, delegates were sent by his Excellency Tang Shao-yi to Tien-tsin to confer with the Chihli Viceroy on this important question. Meanwhile, Chang Yi is said to have presented a further memorial advocating the non-redemption of the mines.\n\n## Peking Syndicate\n\nOn the 5th November, a native paper contained a telegram stating that delegates had been elected by the Provincial Assembly of Honan to proceed to Peking to oppose the syndicate in regard to working iron mines in Honan. According to a paper of the 22nd, the whole province was bitterly opposed to such working. The gentry were fanning the opposition throughout the province, and were reported to have asserted that if the Wai-wu Pu and the provincial authorities were powerless to induce the syndicate to acknowledge the cancellation of the agreement (of 1898) violence would have to be employed. At all costs, working must be prevented.\n\n## Railways\n\nThe Chekiang and Kiangsu Railways questions have again this last month been under notice in the native press. As regards the latter, it was stated that the Board of Communications, on being approached by the railway company in regard to taking over the railway, replied that in view of the loss at present incurred in the working of the line, it was unable to do so except at 70 per cent. of the figure it had originally offered the company. The offer was refused.\n\nAs regards the Chekiang railways, further delegates are reported to have made their appearance in Peking. Their visit was expressly welcomed by the vice-president of the Board of Communications, Shen Yün-p'ei, but although their interview lasted some four hours, it appears to have been quite abortive. An explanation for the dismissal of Tang Shou-ch'ien was refused, and a discussion on the rights of the British and Chinese Corporation was productive of no results.\n\nSzechuan Thibet Railway.-This project is still cherished by the native press. It was argued in a Shanghai paper that proper communication between Szechuan and Thibet was essential, since unrest in the latter now means unrest in the former. It was stated that a foreign loan for this purpose was in contemplation.\n\nHankow-Szechuan Railway-The agitation against Chiao Shu-nau, the director of this railway, reported in the \"Summary for October,\" still sporadically continues. No further developments, however, appear to have occurred, except that Chiao has circulated a printed pamphlet all over Peking denying the accusations made against him.\n\nRailways in Shantung.-According to the native papers, the Germans would seem to be actively engaged in railway projects in Shantung, destined to secure the unquestioned supremacy of Kiaochow among the ports of Shantung.\n\nAccording to a recent paper, German diplomacy has gained its point in regard to the place where the line from Ichou (in South-East Shantung-Ichou Kiaochow line) shall join the Chinan-Kiaochow railway. They advocated Kao Mi Hsien as the junction instead of Wei-hsien, as supported by the Chinese, no doubt in view of the contingent line from Wei-hsien to Chefoo.\n\nA further article accuses the German consul at Chinan, who is travelling in Honan, with scheming to ruin the Kaifeng-Hsuchow-Haichow railway. They state that the object of his journey is \"to spy out the nakedness\" of the Chinese project.\n\nPage 271",
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        "page_number": 499,
        "title": "CO129-383 - Public Offices - 1911",
        "content_text": "# AFFAIRS OF CHINA\n\n**CONFIDENTIAL**\n\nREC'D REG: 16 JUN 11\n\n[May 22]\n\n## SECTION 6\n\n### No. 1\n\n[19442]\n\n**(No. 176.)**\nSir J. Jordan to Sir Edward Grey.-(Received May 22.)\n\nPeking, April 25, 1911.\n\nI HAVE the honour to enclose a report, compiled by Mr. Ramsay, on matters of general interest which have come under the notice of His Majesty's Legation during the quarter ended the 31st December last.\n\nSeveral causes have recently contributed to impose additional labours on the members of the staff, and I trust that this will be found sufficient justification for the unusual delay in the dispatch of this report.\n\nI have, &c.\n\nJ. N. JORDAN.\n\n### Enclosure in No. 1\n\n#### Report by Mr. Ramsay for the Quarter ending December 1910\n\n##### Unrest\n\nTHE last quarter of the year has been a peaceful one in most provinces. There are no very serious disturbances to report, but the agitation for the earlier opening of the Chinese Parliament has not been dropped, and the tendency of the provincial assemblies to undermine the authority of the provincial Governments has been demonstrated in the province of Chilli where His Majesty's consul-general reports that the political situation for the quarter has been marked by a feeling of unrest and agitation. The session of the Provincial Assembly opened early in October and afforded opportunity for ventilating the grievances of the province, of which agitators were quick to take advantage. Viceroy Chen Kuei Lung's position from one of popularity has become increasingly difficult, till, after leave on the plea of ill-health, he was reported to be about to resign early in December. His chief difficulty was lack of funds and that was complicated by the efforts of the Provincial Assembly to obtain the control of finances, while his action in forwarding the Chihli gentry's petition for the speedy opening of Parliament brought him into disfavour with the central Government. Large demonstrations of students at Tien-tsin were organised by agitators and delegates from Manchuria in support of a memorial of the Governor-General of Manchuria for the speedy concession of an Imperial Parliament and the Viceroy was prevailed upon to forward their petition to the Throne. It met with a stern refusal from the Regent, and regulations were issued forbidding further meetings in support of the agitation, upon which the students refused to attend lectures. In consequence of a telegram from the Students' Association at Tien-tsin, a similar movement occurred among the students at Chengtu, who struck work till the central Government should reconsider its decision and held out for a month, when they yielded to a firm notification from the Viceroy.\n\nThe Yang-tsze valley generally has been free from disturbances. The acting British consul at Changsha, however, reports that a disturbance was threatened in October at Hsiang-hsiang-hsien owing to the farmers' exasperation at the action of the gentry in preventing the export of rice for speculation purposes. It will be recalled that this was one of the main causes of the Changsha riots. There is considerable and increasing ill-feeling between the gentry and the lower classes in Hunan, which is likely to lead to further trouble sooner or later. In November a leading article appeared in the Hankow native press on the danger to society of the jealousy between the student and gentry classes, which was daily growing more acute. It referred to the spirit of animosity which characterised the relations of the Hupei Provincial Assembly and the Educational Society, and the Viceroy has frequently had to issue orders for the removal of placards, said to be the work of students, grossly libelling the councillors.",
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    {
        "id": 445105,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "page_number": 179,
        "title": "CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913",
        "content_text": "# \nThe whole of this evidence points to one conclusion---that there has been no relapse save what was inevitable during the interval between the overthrow of the old Government, and the establishment of the new; also that the new Government, in those places where it is firmly established, is proving itself on the whole more thorough than the old in the suppression campaign.\n\n## \n\nThe season we have chosen for making this investigation is not the best season. The late autumn and the winter are the seasons for the sowing of poppy in most parts, and it cannot be known definitely until next spring how the suppression of the poppy under the new régime compares with pre-revolution conditions. But we were forced to take up the question at this time. The opium interests in London were doing all in their power to induce the Government to revoke the opium agreement of 1911---that is, to open China again to a large importation of Indian opium---because of the relapse of the revolution year. Few people knew that the London \"Times\" was uttering nonsense in declaring, \"The fields of China are aflame with poppy to-day\" at a time when one season's harvest had been in the stores for months and when the next season's sowing had not yet begun. Most people who read that took it to mean that the cultivation of opium was in full swing again throughout China, and they believed that to be the truth. They did not know that the modicum of truth on which it was based was true only for the revolution year. There are many places where, even during the revolution year, cultivation was effectually prohibited, and others where the poppy crops were rooted up before the harvest. And, as China has extricated herself from the disorders of revolution, the measures for suppressing the opium trade have become more and more stringent. It is fair to take that as an indication of what will be done to suppress opium cultivation this season.\n\n## \n\nIn five provinces the death penalty for offences against the opium laws has been proclaimed, and in Hunan, Szechuan, Shensi, and Anhwei, the penalty has already claimed its victims.\n\nIn several of the provinces troops have already been sent out to scour the country and see that no opium is allowed to grow. And in some the magistrates themselves are touring to see that the prohibitory proclamations are obeyed.\n\n## \nBelow we publish summaries of the reports by provinces. The general trend of the evidence shows that the places where measures of suppression are still in abeyance are those in which the authority of the new Government has not yet been thoroughly established. The borderlands, even of so clean a province as Hunan, had crops last season, and in some of them sowing has begun for the present season. So also in the wild hill districts of Honan and among the Lolos and Miao of the far west. And so most notably in the province of Kweichow, where the crop is reported to be larger than ever before. In each case these are the districts that must inevitably be the last to be brought under strict control by the new Government. In Kweichow, ever since the revolution, there has been a condition verging on war between rival governors. The province has had no well-established Government. How could it be expected that these wild lands, peopled largely by utterly barbarous tribes, and never properly subdued in the centuries of Manchu rule, could have been brought under perfect control within a year of the revolution?\n\n## \nOutside of Kweichow province practically every witness from whom we have heard testifies that the new officials, if they have not already succeeded in stopping the cultivation and sale of opium, are in true earnest in their efforts to do so.\n\nAnother evidence that opium throughout China is less plentiful than before the revolution is the fact that the price in almost all places has advanced greatly.\n\n## \nSummed up, the evidence shows:-\n\n1. There was a relapse during the revolution, but on the whole only a slight relapse.\n2. That, as the new rulers have established themselves, they have introduced measures more severe on the whole than those of the Manchus for opium suppression.\n3. That the observers throughout the country are confident that the present season will see the suppression campaign carried out, on the whole, more strictly than ever.\n\n## \nThis being so, how is it possible to justify the assertion made officially in the House of Commons that China has signally failed to carry out her part of the opium agreement?\n\n## \nReports by Provinces.\n\n### \nChekiang: Eight districts heard from. All report present officials vigorous in suppression campaign. Five districts report a slight relapse in regard to cultivation last spring, but crop not nearly so large as in years before suppression. In two districts crop entirely uprooted before harvest. One district practically free. Deputies sent out to prevent sowing this winter.\n\n### \nAnhwei: Death penalty announced. One man executed at Wuhu. Retail shops closed, and wholesale dealers agree to cease trade within a month. Recrudescence of growing in extreme north and on Kiangsu border, but in other districts either no relapse or only negligible. Troops sent to all parts of province to prevent growing this season. Large quantities of opium burned. Price enormously increased---twenty-fold in Yingchow.\n\n### \nKiangsi: Death penalty announced for second offence.\n\nThe reports from this province are largely nugatory. Some districts report stricter, some less strict, suppression of growing and smoking. The province has never had large opium crops, but some is still grown in out-of-the-way parts. Sale is now under Government control, and absolute prohibition ordered to come into force at close of this year.\n\n### \nHunan: Death penalty announced and enforced at four cities. Suppression far more vigorous than before revolution. Whole province clean except in hill district on southern border, where some poppy was grown last spring; suppression is expected even there this season. Total prohibition in many parts, enforced by making neighbours responsible to see no opium is used; 91,000 taels worth of opium burned at Changsha.\n\n### \nHupeh: Trade taken over by Government at Wuchang and Ichang, and licensed smoking must cease in ten months. Shops and dens closed in most parts. Cultivation has ceased in Anlu and farther west, where formerly abundant harvests were gathered. Growing: Sinchow and Macheng report some crop gathered last spring. Price exceedingly high.\n\n### \nHonan: Recrudescence of crops last spring in hill districts and borderlands. In other districts suppression is practically complete. Deputies sent to all parts to prevent sowing this season. Officials determined on prohibition.\n\n### \nChilli: Only one district heard from. Some opium planted last spring, but rooted up before harvest.\n\n### \nShansi: Two districts report that opium sown during revolution was all uprooted and growers punished. Two others report some opium harvested, but very small amount compared with years before suppression, and present officials desire suppression.\n\n### \nShensi: Death penalty announced. Six executions reported. Considerable relapse in matter of cultivation last spring. Hanchung reports present officials mean well but are helpless.\n\n### \nKansu: Two districts heard from. Relapse last spring, but crop small compared with years before suppression. One report: present officials determined on suppression; the other says \"things are in the balance\" in regard to the present season. Republicanism not yet well established in the province.\n\n### \nSzechuan: Death penalty announced and execution reported. Troops now used freely to enforce opium laws. Ichang reports no exportation from this province. Eastern part of province reports that the suppression of growing, transportation, and smoking of opium is generally very strict, but in Luchow district some laxity still exists. Western districts report slight recrudescence of opium growing in hill country. Present officials are vigilant.\n\n### \nKweichow: Opium grown \"everywhere.\" Crops larger than ever before. People laugh at proclamations. Headmen compel peasants to grow opium.\n\n## \nEnclosure 4 in No. 1.\n\nExtracts from Missionaries' Letters on the Opium Question.\n\n### \nThe Province of Kansu.\n\n1. TSIN CHOU, September 4, 1912:—\"We have returned to old times again, and there are no regulations save the tax on the land, which was collected on the land sown with the poppy at three rates according to the quality of the land. We now await to see if any proclamations are forthcoming to forbid the sowing. If these do not come out the whole province will be sown, some in the autumn and more in the spring of 1913. This is a great set back...\" \n\nPage 5",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-405 - Public Offices - 1913.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 450669,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "page_number": 251,
        "title": "CO129-416 - Public Offices - 1914",
        "content_text": "No. 86.\n\n(No. 278.) Sir,\n\nMr. Alston to Sir Edward Grey-(Received July 19.)\n\nPeking, July 4, 1913.\n\nI HAVE the honour to report that the \"Peking Daily News\" has published a summary of the Budget for the first six months of 1913, which has been before the Chinese Parliament. Though the figures given are merely estimates compiled for the consumption of the House of Representatives, they may be taken to reflect more or less the present state of China's finances. The deficit shown for the present half-year is 117,486,572 dollars or nearly 12,000,000l., amount to 51,336,880 dollars (over 5,000,000l.), do not of course take into account The receipts, which only payments received from the Reorganisation Loan, which should reduce the item of 79,199,844 dollars (8,000,000l.) for national debts by more than half. On the other hand, as far as administrative expenditure is concerned, the 5,500,000l., allotted by the quintuple group for this purpose is to cover the expenses for the six months from April to September inclusive, and, therefore, two-thirds of this cannot be apportioned to the relief of the anticipated deficit for the first half of this year, while an extra interest charge of 1,250,000l. per annum will have to be found on account of this loan.\n\nThe financial situation thus revealed is therefore a serious one, especially when it is remembered that the present budget only includes the actual expenditure of the Central Government, and that the provincial Governments are all living far beyond their means.\n\nThus the total expenditure of the Ministry of War which is put at 22,836,758 dollars (or 3,000,000l.), only provides payment for the troops, about 70,000, which are under their present control. The remainder, about four times that number, are living on the provinces in which they are quartered, and being paid out of salt and land revenues which should by rights be forwarded to Peking. After repeated urgent telegraphic requests to the various provinces the Government appears to have extracted from them reluctant promises that a total sum of 18,501,846 dollars (1,900,000l.) should be remitted between January and June. The sources of these contributions are not mentioned, but the largest amount promised by any province is 5,370,531 dollars (over 500,000l.) from Kiangsu a province which is supposed to produce more than three times this sum a year in salt revenue alone.\n\nThe annual contributions promised under the loan agreement, pending the reorganisation of the salt gabelle were as follows:-\n\n  \n    Chilli\n    1,600,000 taels (240,000l.)\n    secured on the land tax, the tax on title deeds, and the taxes on spirits and tobacco.\n  \n  \n    Honan\n    2,400,000 taels (360,000l.)\n    secured on the land tax, grain tribute, and tax on title-deeds.\n  \n  \n    Shantung\n    2,400,000 taels (360,000l)\n    secured on the land tax, grain tribute, Lien-ch'ing native customs revenues, tax on tobacco and spirits.\n  \n  \n    Kiangsu\n    3,600,000 taels (540,000l)\n    secured on the land tax, grain tribute, and li-kin.\n  \n\nThe above four provinces have contributed their full quota, but it is hardly to be expected that they will desire to continue indefinitely to shoulder the burden of the whole country. Kuangtung, especially, having been foremost in advocating the establishment of a republic, not only contributes nothing towards the common funds, but is ceaselessly pressing Peking for money to redeem its depreciated paper issues, for payment of troops and for administrative expenses.\n\nThere is of course the political reason for this. By remitting money to Peking, the southern provinces would merely strengthen the ascendancy of the north to which they are implacably opposed; while for Peking to have remitted money to the now dismissed Tutus of Kiangsi, Anhui, and Kuangtung, would have been to provide them with the sinews of war against the Central Government\n\nOnly three salt districts are mentioned in the budget, and they were estimated to produce the following sums during the first half of the year:-\n\n  \n    Changlu salt district\n    1,572,542 dollars.\n  \n  \n    Shantung\n    180,000\n  \n  \n    Fengtien\n    115,000\n  \n\nPage 41\n\n[33236]\n\n[1089]\n\n \n247",
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    {
        "id": 465855,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-439 - Others - 1916",
        "page_number": 83,
        "title": "CO129-439 - Others - 1916",
        "content_text": "Page 82\n\nodr qui #9202 to youngtwed\n\n„ARMJET TO PLASTISARAS\n\n-PAPELARK OF TELEGRAM.\n\n18\n\nnon T3 10:1evol edt of aginɔkot\n\nThe Secretary of State for the Colonies to\n\nthe Governors of Malta and Gibraltar.\n\n(Sent 7.15.p.m. 30th March, 1916).\n\nMetal And unit to JunyofST TUO of scлs:ston Ntim\n\nla mil of To yd berstanco atɔr II. nlæðar bluoda uoi\n\nDEAN STOCKtato sto no\n\nas trop otk sdzuord\n\nS\n\nLeicesov Achill wolvd ea dostave TO.\n\nand sidesty batila no tiemand mi sloj dolë\n\nSi mamumo to edit frontus Tie\n\nMatus ısiven od 11 .*0%\n\nMinore guy tud „Lesoort of devolle\n\nAkker bentahab ed\n\n100 jo esmuisi. qide\n\ni bluode' aboog Gift\n\nqe benollof og Muste abitnaful activ ili zI .a. of seED\n\nGde nita yaILUTT LLOJI «k tomu noijuDSE\n\nINAMAX\n\n+\n\nbani lened ais doidw\n\nKALI VINJUS.JE AD\n\nKRAG RAHOS\n\n--\n\nMarch 30th.\n\nYou should detain all goods consigned by or to firms, who are on the Statutory List under Trading with the Enemy Extension of Powers Act, which are brought into port in transit on British or subject as below Allied vessels.\n\nI presume that the law of Colony regarding the prohibition of exportation enables this to be done: but if not, you should pass the necessary legislation.\n\nSuch goods in transit on Allied vessels should only be detained if the Consular authorities of country to which ship belongs do not object.\n\nIf the Consular authorities object, the goods should be allowed to proceed, but you should report the case to me.\n\nIn all cases detention should be followed by prosecution under the local Trading with the Enemy Law where the circumstances admit.\n\nYou should not detain goods in transit which are consigned to or by firms on the General Black List, but who are not on the Statutory List.\n\nBONAR LAW.\n\nPage 83",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-439 - Others - 1916.txt",
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    },
    {
        "id": 481538,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "page_number": 270,
        "title": "CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919",
        "content_text": "This Document is the Property of His Britannic Majesty's Government\n\nCONFIDENTIAL.\n\n1923\n\n[February\n\nSECTION 28 MAR\n\n(30555]\n\nNo. 1.\n\n(No. 574.) Sir,\n\nSir J. Jordan to Mr. Balfour.-(Received February 24, 1919.)\n\nPeking, December 30, 1918.\n\nWHILST the purchase of the opium stocks by the Chinese Government is still fresh in the public mind, as reported in my despatch No. 530 of the 5th December, and before any practical steps have matured for the destruction of the present supplies, reports are appearing in the press and are reaching me from official sources to the effect that cultivation of the poppy is proceeding in many of the provinces which had previously been cleared of opium.\n\nThe enclosed despatches give evidence of a recrudescence of cultivation in Yünnan, in Fukien, in Szechuan, and in Kueichou, whilst I have already transmitted reports of increasing cultivation in Kansu and in the New Dominion. In the metropolitan province and in Manchuria planting is reported on a large scale and, unless some more effective administration is introduced into the country in the near future, there seems little doubt that large harvests will be gathered in many of the provinces. Many of the higher officials both in the capital and the provinces are directly interested in the cultivation and sale of opium, but there are signs of a fresh outburst of public opinion against opium both among the Chinese themselves and the foreign community.\n\nBefore considering the British interest still involved in these developments, it may be well to review the part which is now being played by the Japanese in the opium traffic.\n\nThe enclosed extract from the North-China \"Daily News,\" of the 17th December, is believed to be substantially accurate. I learn, confidentially, that it was drawn up by Dr. G. E. Morrison, and that it was based largely on figures obtained through the authorities of the Chinese Maritime Customs. It is estimated that 2,000 chests of opium, purchased in India were imported into Tsing-tao between the 1st January and 30th September, 1918, representing a profit to the Japanese administration of the leased territory of 2,000,000. Such estimates cannot be definitely substantiated owing to the fact that the opium is imported as \"military stores,\" and is thus removed from the supervision of the Customs authorities, who are of Japanese nationality.\n\nIt is also estimated that 18 tons of morphia were imported during last year, principally through Tsing-tao and Dairen. The prevalence of injection-marked victims in the area of the Japanese-controlled railways in Manchuria and Shantung, with a rapidly extending morphia zone through the province of Anhui, Kiangsu, Chilli, and Fukien, is reported by witnesses from so wide an area and of such different interests that it cannot be ignored. There is, indeed, grave reason to fear that opium smoking in China is being superseded by the morphia habit in regions adjoining the Japanese sphere of influence, and that the cultivation and use of opium is about to resume substantial proportions in the outlying districts.\n\nSo long as these conditions affected only the Chinese population the interest of foreign residents was confined to an altruistic anxiety for the welfare of China. A new interest has been aroused by the discovery that the American garrisons of North-China have been tainted, and that the morphia habit is prevalent among a number of the troops and of civilians, and that the drugs are obtained from Japanese sources. In consequence of recent disclosures the Japanese concession in Tien-tsin has been completely closed to all American troops by the military authorities.\n\nThe financial sacrifices which have been made by His Majesty's Government and the Government of India, as also by the Government of China, are now sufficient to warrant a drastic suppression of any trade which will bring our good name into disrepute in the agitation which will inevitably ensue in China.\n\nEnquiries are being instituted as to the amount of opium which is being purchased in India by the Japanese Government, for those sales are regarded as the fount of the evil. I would most earnestly invite the attention of His Majesty's Government and of the Government of India to the desirability of prohibiting the entire export of opium for shipment to the Far East. The financial advantages now resulting from such export must be so trifling in comparison with the larger issue.\n\nPage 270\n\nPage 271",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-457 - Public Offices - 1919.txt",
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    {
        "id": 493955,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "page_number": 346,
        "title": "CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922",
        "content_text": "24\n\nstudents, including one at Oxford and seventeen at Cambridge. We are also informed that the Federation of British Industries, and the English Electrical and Allied Manufacturers' Association have succeeded in arranging for the training of a first group of a few students.\n\nSchemes for British Education of Chinese,\n\nThe following is a résumé of the schemes so far suggested for strengthening Great Britain's share in the education of Chinese :-\n\n1. 1912. Sir Evan Spicer's proposal to found and maintain a Chinese university in Central China with 400,000l. out of the Boxer Indemnity Fund. This was rejected by the Treasury.\n\n2. 1918. Mr. Wilton's scheme, which falls under five general heads-\n\n(a.) Financial strengthening of certain British institutions already in existence in China (Tien-tsin, Tsinan, Hankow, Foochow and Shanghai).\n\n(b.) Financial assistance to Hong Kong University.\n\n(c) Establishment of a school at Canton, to act as feeder to Hong Kong University.\n\n(d) Financial assistance to Chinese technical institutions already in existence, and encouragement by means of advice and financial assistance in the foundation of others in industrial centres.\n\n(e.) Financial assistance to the technical department of the Peking University.\n\nFinancial assistance should take the form of a number of entrance and leaving scholarships. A large majority of the latter should be for technical training, especially in the various branches of engineering, and be tenable for three or four years in the British and Colonial universities, Hong Kong University, and the Peking University.\n\nMr. Wilton is not in favour of purely British educational institutions in China; and he recommends financial assistance to purely Chinese establishments, such as the some method of co-operation with Peking University. He further recommends Chinese Chambers of Commerce, industrial companies and the guilds concerned, to be arranged by British Chambers of Commerce for the establishment and maintenance of technical schools.\" \n\nAs an endowment fund for this scheme, which he admits is an expensive one, Mr. Wilton recommends the remission of the whole of the Boxer indemnity. He recommends also the appointment of a small commission to examine thoroughly (for at least a year) the whole question of financial control, as well as the details of an educational scheme.\n\n3. 1919. Liang Chi-Chao's proposal that Great Britain should return the outstanding amount of her share of the Boxer indemnity on condition that two modern universities should be founded in the country-one at Peking and one, perhaps, at Nanking under Sino-British joint management.\n\n4. 1919. The Tien-tsin British Chamber of Commerce's proposal that a levy on the paid-up capital of China companies would be a fair and reasonable method of raising funds for educational purposes. They quote the instance of a fee of 0.04 dollars for each 100 dollars of paid-up capital, which is levied annually by the Hong Kong Government. If a similar rate were levied through the registrar of companies at Shanghai, they estimate that a yearly revenue of 100,000 dollars (10,000l.) could be raised. The Tien-tsin Chamber agrees with Sir John Jordan, that the financing of a scheme for British educational propaganda in China is one primarily for the merchants themselves.\n\n5. 1920. The Department of Overseas Trade's proposal that any scheme put forward should provide for the arrival of fifty Chinese students per annum for a training course of about five years in Great Britain. Such students should be trained for one of the following vocations: civil engineering, mechanical engineering, mining engineering, electrical engineering, industrial chemistry, law, chartered accountancy.\n\n6. The China Association's scheme (prepared by Mr. H. B. Morse), which assumes that part of our share of the Boxer indemnity will be remitted, in the same way as the American share, and that the remission will amount to 80,000l. a year.\n\n* According to Mr. Bucchell Shen, Director of La Mission scolaire chinoise en Europe (\"Daily Mail of the 5th December, 1920), fifty of these are Chinese Government scholarship holders. They receive a grant of 240l. a year. Medicine and engineering are the subjects generally taken\n\n27\n\nThis sum should be paid to a Chinese commission one member of the commission should be a British subject, nominated by His Majesty's Legation, but in an advisory capacity only. The expenses of this commission should be borne by the Chinese Government in each year, one-eighth of the remitted indemnity, viz., 10,000l. should be allotted to each of four universities for students taking their studies in the English language. These universities should be (a) Tien-tsin, for Northern Mandarin; (b) Hankow, for Southern Mandarin; (c) Shanghai, for Central Coast dialects; (d) Hong Kong, for Cantonese. Provision should be made for joint Sino-British representation on the boards of control of these universities. 40,000l. a year should be allotted for fellowships for graduates of these universities proceeding to the United Kingdom for further study in universities there. While in the United Kingdom these students should be under the control of a joint Sino-British Advisory Council, expenses of which should be borne by the British Government.\n\n7. Federation of British Industries' and English Electrical and Allied Manufacturers' schemes (already being put into practice), which arrange for the training of a first group of a few Chinese students in Great Britain.\n\n8. The British Engineering Standards Association's proposal that His Majesty's Government should provide funds to render education for Chinese free at Anglo-Chinese colleges such as that in Tien-tsin; and to encourage graduates of such colleges to proceed to England for training in the chief steel works, and in branches of the mining industry. in civil engineering, and the administration and accounting of engineering undertakings.\n\nLAST of Prominent Educational Institutions in China.\n\nNames of Schools.\n\nNumber of Students.\n\nLocation.\n\nNationality.\n\nYale College of Medicine\n\nBoone University\n\nUniversity of Nanking\n\nAutora University\n\nSt. John's University\n\nSoochow University\n\nHong Kong University\n\nShantung Christian University\n\nNorth-West China University\n\nWest China Union University\n\nCanton Christian College\n\nGovernment University\n\nPeking University\n\nPeiyang Government University\n\nHunan University (Government)\n\nYale College in China,\n\n21\n\n53\n\n353\n\nWnchang, Hupel\n\n488\n\nNanking, Kiangst\n\n180\n\nShanghai, Kiangsu\n\n492\n\n416\n\nSouchow, Kiangsu\n\n220\n\nHong Kong\n\n103\n\nTsinan, Shautung\n\n-\n\n355\n\nSianfu, Shensi\n\nChengtu, Szechuan\n\nColleges and High Schools.\n\n525\n\nCanton, Kwangtung\n\nChristian College\n\n60\n\nHangchow, Cheklang\n\n145\n\nNingpo, Chekiang\n\n60\n\n17\n\nUnited Methodist College\n\n120\n\nWenchow, Chekiang\n\nCustoms College\n\n114\n\nPeking, Chilli\n\nChinese.\n\nNormal College\n\n409\n\nNorth China Union Theological College\n\n17\n\n2\n\nWomen's College\n\n38\n\n21\n\n51\n\nTsing Hua College\n\n624\n\nTien-tsin, Chilli.\n\n997\n\n87\n\nTungchow, Chibli\n\nAmerican.\n\n190\n\nKulangsu, Amoy, Fukien\n\nBritish.\n\n60\n\nAmerican.\n\n11\n\n11\n\n11\n\nCanton Christian College\n\n-\n\nEnglish Methodist College\n\nTrinity College\n\nAnglo-Chinese College\n\nNankai School\n\nNorth China Union College of Arts\n\nAnglo-Chinese College\n\nAmoy Girls' High and Normal School\n\nTalmage College\n\n87\n\nAmerican and British.\n\nAmerican.\n\nChinese and American.\n\nBritish.\n\nChinese.\n\n* Similarly Sir Charles Eliot (see paper 158944 of the 5th December, 1919), insists that the Indemnity Fund, if remitted, should be given to the Chinese Government under conditions which would ensure its being used to send Chinese students to British institutions or to found schools of which we approve.\n\nIf the money were distributed directly to British educational establishments by the British Government there would be two inconveniences (1) the Chinese Government would be Annoyed and feel no gratitude, (2) a special department would be needed to deal with the demands of all the rival educational and missionary claimants.”\n\n341",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-478 - Public Offices & Others - 1922.txt",
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    {
        "id": 495879,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "page_number": 545,
        "title": "CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12]",
        "content_text": "Page 4\n\n\"Daily Telegraph.\"\n\n4th January 1924\n\nOUTRAGES IN CHINA.\n\nBELGIAN PRIEST MURDERED.\n\nSHANGHAI, Thursday.\n\nA telegram from Suiyuan states that a Belgian priest, Father Achille Soenr, was shot and killed at Hokiao, when the town was looted and plundered by bandits. His companion, the Rev. Joseph Loemans, escaped.-Reuter.\n\nHONG KONG, Thursday.\n\nThe recent recrudescence of piracy, as shown in the case of the Hydrangea, formerly a British sloop, which was seized and looted by Chinese pirates travelling as passengers in December last, has attracted public attention, and efforts are now being made to secure practical co-operation between Canton and Hong Kong with a view to the suppression of piracy in Kwangtung waters. There is every hope of such co-operation materialising, which is regarded as the first visible evidence of goodwill and cordial relations between Hong Kong and Canton, from which economic benefits are anticipated.-Reuter.\n\nPage 5",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-481 - Governor Sir Stubbs - 1923 [8-12].txt",
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    {
        "id": 502081,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
        "series_use_hku_proxy": false,
        "document_key": "CO129-491 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "page_number": 328,
        "title": "CO129-491 - Public Offices - 1925",
        "content_text": "318\n\n16\n\ntroyed crops estimated at $400,000,000. This year Chilli, Hunan, Kiangsi, Fukien and Kwangtung Provinces have reported floods, the total damage of which will probably never be estimated.\n\nThese catastrophies that so frequently occur in China are partially due to the ignorance of the masses in destroying the forestation about their localities, and partly to the lack of the attention that should be paid to the waterways, which are gradually being blocked, from causes that are too apparent to need mention.\n\nIf the Indemnity funds returned by Great Britain could be made available for the improvement and conservancy of the principal drainage system of the country, agricultural pursuits would be made the more dependable and, as the masses of the Chinese are agriculturalists, the furthering of their interests would at once bring about a change in the standard of living throughout the country that would be a gain to the world in general.\n\nWith such a change taking place, the commercial activities that would follow would be more commensurate with the immense population of the country. Sir Robert Hart was heard to say when he was in Peking that there was no reason why China trade should not increase tenfold if it was nourished, and Viceroy Li Hung Chang is reported to have said that were the Chinese to reduce the length of their long coats by a foot, half of the cotton mills in England would have to close. The statements of these two eminent men indicate the trade potentialities of China, and the effect of the reduced or increased consumption of goods among a mass of 400,000,000 people in the world at large.\n\nAs it is the intention of Great Britain to so employ the Boxer Indemnity funds as to give the greatest results beneficial to both countries, the first call for it would be to build up the purchasing power of the Chinese by eliminating the wide-spread floods that perennially overtake the country. The flood of the Wei basin four years ago reduced a population of probably 35,000,000 to a condition from which they have not yet recovered, and the floods which have overwhelmed various provinces this year are a visitation of far larger extent. This periodical reduction of the purchasing power of the population of China must have a severe effect upon trade, both local and overseas.\n\nAs instances of how trade was developed following conservancy work,\n\n17\n\nI may mention the operations of the China International Famine Relief Commission in recent years.\n\nNear Hankow there was a district that was continually subject to floods, making livelihood there most difficult. The Commission spent about £70,000 there in dyking and making general improvements, with the result that to-day the conditions of those living there are such as had never been known before, so that the trade there has tripled in value in consequence. The Province of Henan is now being improved in its riverine conservancy through the efforts of the local committee of the Commission, which is gradually giving new life to those who have suffered so much in the past.\n\nThere are a large number of districts throughout China known to the Commission which could be improved by modern engineering, and if they were taken in hand it would mean a new epoch for China. The Yangtze River, the Hunan and Kiangsi Waterways, the Pearl River of Kwangtung, the Min River of Fukien, and the Chihli River systems would require millions of pounds to put in order, but once done the trade of China would take a tremendous jump, as the districts there have a total population of about four times that of Great Britain.\n\nWith these improvements brought about, a future China that will have an international yearly trade of say $5,000,000,000 instead of the present trifle of $1,800,000,000, should be of great concern to countries which at present have idle mills and long lists of unemployed.\n\nThe extension of the railway systems in China, it is true, will mean the indenting of material from abroad, and would to a certain extent promote trade, but no impetus to trade could be greater than systematically to increase the purchasing power of the millions in China by stabling their conditions that make for dependable crops and prosperity.\n\nThe £11,000,000 of the returned Indemnity, though large, will hardly cover more than a portion of the urgent engineering projects referred to above. It will, therefore, be necessary to apply it on the basis of loans repayable by the districts that have been benefited, on terms that would be agreeable to all, so that it may be re-employed elsewhere. By such a process of working it will not be so very long before the crying physical evils of China might be past history.\n\nIn the meanwhile, educational work may be taken in hand as a side issue, as, with China improved physically, she should also advance intellectually.",
        "txt_file_path": "txt/2diw2n4r2/CO129-491 - Public Offices - 1925.txt",
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    {
        "id": 505416,
        "series_id": 27,
        "series_slug": "histsyn-co129-engine",
        "series_title": "CO129 Colonial Office Hong Kong Records 理藩院香港檔案",
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        "document_key": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "page_number": 138,
        "title": "CO129-497 - Public Offices - 1926",
        "content_text": "135\n\n8\n\nthe province, but General Sun drove him back to Kiangsi and appointed a nominee of his own to the post. General Fang Pen-jen, an officer connected with both the Anfu and Kuomin parties, remained as Military Governor of Kiangsi. Fukien Province was governed by General Chou Yin-jen (Chihli party), Honan by General Yüch Wei-chun, commanding the Second Kuomin Army, and Lupei by General Hsiao Yao-nan (Chilli party). In Szechuan, the province was nominally under the control of General Liu Hsiang, who was appointed on the 16th May by the Central Government Military Governor, but in fact was divided into several areas each under the control of a separate general. In Yunnan Province, which was unaffected by the civil war in North and Middle China, a state of comparative quiet prevailed after the failure of General Fan Shih-sheng's invasion, and the chief anxiety of the Governor, Tang Chi-yao, was to prevent his generals from quarrelling among themselves. In the provinces of Kwangtung and Kwangsi the only vestige of authority left to the Peking Government was the Maritime Customs administration.\n\nCentral China and the Shanghai Incident.\n\n20. The peculiar character of the responsibilities involved in questions affecting an international settlement, such as Shanghai, is well illustrated by the nature of the disturbances which led up to and which finally culminated in the regrettable events of the 30th May. It is, in fact, somewhat of an irony that it was the British, throughout China who were to be made the scapegoats for action taken to quell a riot which had its origin in a strike of certain Chinese workmen in a Japanese cotton-mill.\n\n21. The trouble in the Japanese cotton-mill, of which the general strike is an outgrowth, began on the 9th February, 1925, when the employees of the Naigai Wata Kaisha No. 5 mill ceased work. The strike spread rapidly, and after a few days had extended to six different Japanese companies in the western and Yangtzepoo districts involving 31,328 workers. The dispute seems to have originated in the dismissal on the 2nd February of fifty male employees of No. 5 mill, six of whom were a few days later imprisoned for intimidation. The ill-feeling thus aroused would appear to have been aggravated by agitators, who made a practice of meeting the workers at night schools in the district affected. After transforming themselves into labour unions, these schools, just prior to the commencement of the strike, removed to Chinese territory - an act full of significance in the light of subsequent events - where they became bases for the activities of the agitators. The activities of certain labourers' clubs in the Chinese district of Chapei, the prominent part taken by certain notorious Chinese Communists, the swift and organised way in which the strike spread, the composition of some of the propaganda circulars, the overt actions and statements of the Soviet consul-general, Comrade Ozarnin, and his staff, all tended to show that from now onwards the supporters and organisers of the movement directed against the position and the privileges of the foreign settlements included men of education and ability. The original demands of the workers, which aimed at the improvement of the conditions of labour, an increase of wages and the reinstatement of the dismissed operatives, began at this stage to be gradually superseded by demands of a political complexion, and the original issue became more and more obscured, while the trend of the agitation was skilfully diverted into anti-British channels. In short, from a purely industrial movement for the improvement of the conditions in certain mills, it became a virtual crusade against foreign aggression and for the defence of China's sovereign rights.\n\n22. The strike, which had thus broken out in the Japanese mills in the above-mentioned districts, which it should be noted are situated inside the limits of the International Settlement (which must again be differentiated from the so-called French Concession), thus continued without interruption and with practically no attempt on the part of the local Chinese police officials to co-operate on their side of the settlement boundary in maintaining control over the activities of the anti-foreign agitators and in confining the strike to its legitimate objects. For in the Chinese territory situated on the other side of the Soochow Creek, the written and printed propaganda of the agitators was supplemented by meetings and processions in Chinese territory, where intimidation, maltreatment and robbery of female Chinese operatives by the strike pickets occurred daily. These malpractices were suffered to continue in spite of repeated representations to the Chinese police officer in charge of the district affected by the authorities of the Shanghai Municipal Police, who fully realised that unless some drastic action were taken to curb the activities of the extreme Labour elements in Chapei before it was too late, a very dangerous situation might arise.\n\n9\n\nIn fact, so far as could be observed, the Shanghai-Woosung (Chinese) police, during that period, played the role of disinterested observers, and their laxity was undoubtedly mainly responsible for the large proportions which the strike eventually reached.\n\nThe rampant lawlessness, which was thus allowed to continue, culminated in a murderous attack on the 15th February on a party of Japanese. A mob, organised by the strike leaders, proceeded about 7:30 PM, on that date from Jessfield Village to the Toyoda cotton-mill, situated outside the International Settlement, and, having intimidated the operatives into discontinuing work, they joined forces with them and assembled outside the gate. They there, a short time afterwards, attacked a motor car occupied by seven Japanese employees of the mill, including a Mr. Harada. This gentleman was beaten about the head with a stick and succumbed to his injuries on the 1st March. One of the others was shot through the chest and a third was beaten and thrown into the Soochow Creek. The Shanghai Municipal Police, who were handicapped through lack of authority to function off the Jessfield road, nevertheless finally succeeded in dispersing the crowd and in arresting nine of the rioters. To effect this they were obliged to fire some shots into the air, but fortunately none of the rioters were injured. It is, moreover, noteworthy that in the attack on Mr. Harada on the 15th February blood was shed for the first time, the Chinese being the aggressors and the Japanese the victims. This was, however, not the first time that the Chinese had resorted to violence, for on the 10th February they wrecked the machinery at the Naigai Wata Kaisha Mill No. 9, causing damage to the amount of several hundred thousand dollars and forced the employees to join the strike.\n\n23. The first phase of the strike movement, which, as stated above, had been declared in these particular Japanese mills on the 9th February, terminated on the 1st March, when the Chinese mill hands returned to work.\n\n24. But, although this period of armed truce between the Japanese mill-owners and their Chinese operatives, which lasted from the 1st March to the 15th March, may be said to have terminated the first phase of the Shanghai disturbances, the extreme Red elements of the Kuomintang, skilfully reinforced by means of funds from the Soviet Ambassador in Peking through his agent, M. Ozarnin, the Soviet consul-general in Shanghai, and by means of Chinese Communist personnel from the south, continued with unremitting effort to exploit the situation, which had thus so suddenly arisen in Shanghai, to the best possible advantage. When the strike was over the Chapei agitators, instead of relaxing, intensified their activities and organised meetings at frequent intervals. It was at this stage that the Bolshevik tendencies of the movement became more evident. The workers and peasants were urged to place themselves under the banner of the Kuomintang and to fight the oppression of the Imperialists and the militarists. These and other well-worn slogans of the Soviet seemed henceforth to give the impression that they merely desired to further the aims of the Red wing of the Kuomintang and to care little about the economic welfare of the workers. The leaflets which were distributed broadcast at these meetings bear the indisputable impress of alien Soviet inspiration.\n\n25. The unrest took a serious turn again on the 14th May, when two Chinese foremen employed in the Japanese Naigai Wata Kaisha Cotton-Mills were discharged, which led to the strike of the operatives of one of the spinning-mills. In the course of a successful attempt made by the locked-out employees of one of the linked weaving-mills belonging to the same company to force their way into the mill and destroy the machinery, a collision occurred between them and the Japanese staff who fired on the crowd, wounding seven, of whom one subsequently succumbed to his injuries.\n\n26. The death of the mill hand Kuo Tsung Hung was the occasion of demonstration of much spontaneous sympathy on the part of his fellow-workers, and there seems no doubt that any latent spark of discontent which may have been smouldering in the breasts of the thousands of out-of-work and disaffected mill hands was at once fanned into flame by numerous agitators, Chinese and others, who were merely awaiting such an opportunity for some kind of anti-foreign action.\n\n27. Throughout the following days from the 19th May to the 30th May, no opportunity was lost by student agitators and Chinese strike leaders of inciting their fellow-nationals to acts of mob violence and riot against their Japanese employers. Cantonese members of the Kuomintang and other Chinese Communists from Peking and elsewhere were very active at this time, but there are no actual proofs of foreign Communists, such as Soviet Russians, taking any direct part, although there is much evidence in the possession of the police pointing to the fact that the guiding hand of Bolshevism was ever present in the background.\n\nrh\n\nrade\n\nar\n\nИ",
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