THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 15, 1981,
H-BOMBS AGAIN:
the mushroom- clouds will soon be billowing into the skies ngain. They will be bigger and deadlier than ever before ranging up to 100 megatons and beyond.
They may even be visible to all of us, for Russia is expected
to lunch her new test-series in
outer space.
Who is to blame? Was there. ever chance of a test-agros- FURE? And,
sabotaged it?
$1, who
As with most other Cold War issue, the answer is far from simple. The Gesteva test-ban talks, it must be remembered, urose out of the fullure of the UN Disaltinent Sub-com- alee. For this failure, tir Weel must early Jesponsibility.
most of the
Surprise
The breaking-point at these earlier talks came in May 1950, when the Russians presented r
· comprehensive
disarnamal
pinn. Except in certain details, it was an exact replica of the Angle-French patan presented The year banfore.
Yet, to the surprise and fury of the Russians, the Westera delegates, under Amuricam pressure, vejreted it virtually out of banal,
From that myment, the Russians lost interest in com- prehensive disurauament, except as a propaganda weapon. AL no time in the past five years has there been any real chance of a general disarminment treaty. But there remained one hope: the control of texting. I the Jate mmmer of 1954, Soviet and Western scientists met in Geneva to discuss, at a purely technical level, whether
WHO IS
TO BLAME?
WHATEVER HAPPENED BEFORE,
NOW THE GUILT LIES
SQUARELY ON THE RUSSIANS
system. They concluded that
WAN,
On this basis, poliral talks were opened—and this was fol lowed by a voluntary, suspen- sion of testing by the three atomic prawers.
For consilerable period, many observers, for the Arst time since the war, believed r workable agreement was pos- sible,
The delegates, and in part|- cular David Ormsby-Gare and Mr Tsarapkin, warked with fanatical energy and growing mutual confidence.
Obstacles
A vast mass of scientile datu was compiled. More than three- guarters of the clauses in British draft treaty were ham- mered out and signed.
tion in principle, but boggled at the details.
Secondly, there was the pro- found U.S. suspicion of Soviet good faith. The American ex- perts trum the Pentagon_and ihe U.S. Atomic Energy Com- lasion maintained all plume that the Russians would hold "pirale" tests In underground cavilies, which could not be actected by any known insper- tlon system.
Opposition
Dr Teller, the "father of the H-bomb," ubmitted elaborate cala (some of which was later demonstrated to be misleading) Joot- to prove that "nuclear legging" was feasible.
So Intense was the Americans' opposition that, until this year, the U.S. was rightly regarded as the main obstacle to a settic- ment,
Tin, neutral range
But there remained two fatal obstacles. First was the intense Soviet unwillingness to allow Western inspectors
even
Be
a
and
with the Inauguration of President Kennedy, the onus the right to it was possible
shifted. of responsibility tu monitor altar tests and so freely over their territory. They
foolproof inspection conceded the need for
asked inspec- immed lately
Fur create
suspension of the talks ordered a enmplete review of the U.S. negotiating position.
By March this review complete, and a new set of U.S. proposals was presented which went nine-tenths of the way to meet Soviet objections.
IF
YOU DIDN'T SLEEP A WINK LAST NIGHT......
OUR grandchildren may be able to get by with only three hours' sleep a night and be per- fectly well on it, Dr Mangalore Pai, one of the world's leading authorities on sleep, predicts today.
There is no medical evidence that even such a big reduction
of sleep will cut down the total
human fe-span.
A
Si reducing the time of un- consciousness to three hours night should Increase
The
efective life-span-when pro- ple are active and alunit--by an average of 15 years.
A myth
1
•
Dr Pal, consultant psy chiatrist at the Belmont Hospital Neurusis Centre at Sutton, Sur-
res, belleves that sleep has been stendily reduced by un evolu- tionary frend
by
Was
What is even more importani, the U.S. for the first time can- peded that, even if a fool-proof
01
DOUBLE
BAS
"Minnio did I hear you say things couldn't got much worse?"
London Express Service.
An up-to-date look at one of Britain's favourite topics...
THE WEATHER
by PETER FAIRLEY
WERE you deliciously tanned
this year on
some sunny beach? Or did you cower and glower in a rain- drenched, rented bungalow and vow somehow to get to the Mediterranean next time?
It may be food for reflection
that for all the winelling growth
ol
•
But that
The truth is that scientists about our at- know tou little mosphere, as yet, to forecast the sequel to drastic measures. In any case, they are impractical. Nations would bfcker.
Inspection system proves Impossible to create, u trenly must nevertheless be signed. In short, the US. was prepared to place a limited degree of trust in Soviet intentions. talks. Had
This was the climax of the in Man's Ingenuity during the interfered with now.
EDMC thing the Russians met past 50 years, there is still pre-is not the the new US proposals even half claus little he can do about his controlled." way, a treaty would by now weather. have been aigned. Instead.
Or is there? Tsaropki, plainlyncing
It is now one of the avowed uncompromising
targets instructions
tle Boylet Com- from Moscow, rejected the plan munist Party, stated in lis 1981 out of hand and in the most manifesto "to develop means to contról öur weather? Nothing violent language.
more speciile is stated, but So vlet scientists have been in the the backers of some bold, brash schemes to change the climate of the entire globe.
Block the Straits af Gib rollor. F in the Bering gap.
the Level
California tains. Cover the Arctic with soot.
CHAPMAN PINCHER the talks was sealed, at the van of
treatment En progress instil a morbid fear in the minds of viewers, and disturb their sleep.
A the deep-rooted fear of insomnia is gradually eliminateti by better medical education, the need for sleep will gradually disappear.
"I A.D. 2000, if not earlier, the majority of the world's population may need only about which beg 13 three hours of steep." Dr Pat
well allested people who wink for
soon as tran made himself in- dependent of the darle with ariffietal Bight,
writes.
He describes cases of healthy
Sleep has been progres- have never slept sively reduced over the cen- many years.
So perhaps by A.D. 3000 all;
turies, and the only thing people will have learned to dis- that has stopped it being pense with the luxury of sleep
eut down much more is the entirely.
myth-sustained much
by doctors as by mothers.........
that eight hours' sleep a
night
health
IN essential for
Di Pai draws on
the great
mass of evidence from the last wa to prove that Insomnia, persisting over many months, does no harm.
اده
Though the sleep of millions of all ages was disturbed almost nightly by air volds there was na significant increase neurosis among civilians. Til Was Just us true in Germany, where the air raids were much more Intense and loss of sleep far greater.
A habit
Hospital beds specially set up to cope with the expected flood of civilian trosis enses went empty until used for psychiatric casen from the Forces, Dr Pal reports in the Medical Press.
The truth in that sleep fa Ingely a habit and most of tes ean manage with a great deut less of II.
The only real danger to health from persistent insomnia is the anxiety caused because people fear that it must be doing thein Roine barn.
Insomnia, which may. Lo a natural condition for mon causes them to worry and this Inercase the sleeplessness lo cause they hy awake Ba HU their worrying.
This vicious eircle has been gon an extra twirl by TV, D Pat suspects.
Programmes about pay- chiatry and Insanity especially those showing
(London Express Service),
From that moment the fate of resumption of testing only a matter of me. It comes as no surprise that the Russians should have decided to jump the gun.
Obstinacy
moun-
Use H-bombs to blast up ice-
nine to smash the
Why did the Kussions deter-glouds around the Earth so that
talks?
It Its heat will be trapped in may be that the long years of kind of "greenhouse."
convinced American obstinacy
Dre just
probably cheaper for the British
to pipe extra waler from spots where it is plentiful and spend more on fuel to heat their homes."
Saping
The outlook for our forecasters is 'fairly good'
Selenlists must probe the lower must look 2,000 miles away. In
loyers of air over the tropics and southern hemisphere for So if we cannot economically more thoroughly. control weather, can we fore- stall it?
"Crucial things may happen Here, in the feld of long- there which affect our weather range forecasting, the prizes are here the atmosphere is all one he added. "Wo rich. Economists calculate that big envelope," the nation could be saved scores muy And abnormal weather in is connected with the of millions of pounds a year if it Europe Клеш accurately what kind of monsoon build-up in India." summer or winter to expect.
Fuel supplies could be pruned or busted, power output planned to sult, and agriculture pro-
grammed accordingly.
PROSPECTS ARE GOOD. — Dr Sutellffe's researchers are already
secretly
Q
Awkward
a week, these winds have tra- velled round the earth."
Satellites will help these studies. But the TV pictures of now being bearned conditions back to Amerien by her early Tiros satellites will not help Britain much.
"We are well off for weather stallons, and we have
He
ex-
of ships in the Atlantic Plenty explained. "Besides. Britain is in an awkward position--on the edge of a continent and on ocean. If we were placed more Secondly, the oceans must be late the Continent or more into studied in much greater detall. the Atlantic our weather would
be more predictable." 1 And would you accept
forecasting "Any climate changes must be
The fastest progress is week's
connected with the oceans," he torrential rain so that Britain's weather Angolans could celebrate their ahead.
menth
explained, "for most of the pected in the field of two-three "wakes weeks" in guaranteed
energy in our alr comes from day forecasts, for which com- "Some forecasts are good, sunshine?
bad. There
them others
not directly from the puters will eventually be used. Dr Sutcliffe illustrated the Large-scale weather cumirul, good than we would get by
difficulty: "For a day-ahend for the present, is OUT. But sheer luck, but not sufficient
accurate map weather plcture, 10 milion sums some countries have had degrees yet to snake us feel proud of of the way air elreulates in have to be done by a carefully of success in a form of local them." The miracle is not going the upper atmosphere, where programmed machine. So far, weather control rainmaking. to come overnight.
100 m.p.h. winds blow, should our experimental computer has Sutcliffe be compiled. "For a 24-hour only proved equal to a human."
first. forecast," sold Dr Sutcliffe, "you
-(London Express Sarvica).
ure more
Aircraft can seed clouds with
Things, Dr salt, of silver iodide, or dry believes, must
Three
happen
lee and it does précipitate the
# rain In the right conditions. These But as Dr Sutcliffe explained: some of the plans "It takes a million little Mr Kruschev that negotiating which have seriously been ad- cloud drops to form one rain- was useless and Mr Kennedy's vanced. gesture an act of hypocrisy.
An alternative theory is that the Russions are determined to preface any talks on Berlin with an impressive display of mill- try alrength.
Paul
Johnson
-(London Express Servic#},
·
No control.
I asked one of Britain's top weather experts, Dr R. C. Sutclife. what the prospects
were today,
CL56.
drop,
and persuading them to clump together is a lengthy pro- It can be done but economically? If we wanted to increase rainfall significantly in Britain, is useless going out on a baking hot day or wet one. That limits you to the in-betweens, and these are relatively few."
Dr Sutcliffe, whu is director He added: “Our feeling is that of research at the Meteorologi dimply would not be worth cal Office, summed up like this: R, and it might take 20 - 100 "There is little doubt that the years to prove you had done weather of the world could be something worthwhile, IL 19
Thirdly,
UPS AND DOWNS WITH BRITAIN'S WAGE SCALE
Industrial workers average weekly earnings
NEWSPAPER PRINTERS CAR WORKERS AIR TRANSPORT
£19 14s 2d £19 3s 9d
BELGRADE AIRPORT
TOP
FIVE
WORKERS
CEMENT WORKERS AIRCRAFT MINER & REPAIR WORKERS NATIONAL AVERAGE
£18 2s 60 £18 2s 6d
£17 15s 90 £16 is 40
MADE-UP TEXTILES
OPERATIVES
£12 5s 2d
SHIRT & UNDERWEAR MAKERS
HOSPITAL WORKERS NATL. GOVT. SERVICE UNSKILLED
£12 Os Od £11 18s Od
£11 17s 40
COUNCIL WORKERS
FARM WORKERS not in census
£11 10s Od
£10 6s 11d
MAK
Are the Neytrale, what do the Committed ones look like?”
BOTTOM FIVE
Ministry shows where the
gaps are-
By TREVOR EVANS
TILE Ministry
of Labour
shows in its official Güzelle the big differences in pay packets behind the record average earnings of £15 l. 4d. a week revealed in its census in April.
This
graph ahows, fam instance, that newspaper print- ing operatives 'earn' on average NEARLY TWICE 19 much as farmworkers,
There are also wide variations in carnings of prople in tho same industry. For the first time hospital workers hayo been included in the census,
A "break down" of pay rates shown that although the ayerato for the lipsplio) service is £11 18., 40 por Epal of t|10 minle bespital stalls gol Wes iiton Lil' a'wedc'
And a few got more than £20 a week.
"
WIDE BASIS
Some Industrias atre many more opportunities for overiknec than others. There are seasonal, Influences to an car workers know only too well.
The crisis .covers 7,000,000 workers-fower than third of all these employed in Britain,
Bull, it
exceptionally widp basis on which to build general kondjlalbas, and a' clua to the Individual to Rides whether he is above ·ör blow Tillig potional average.
London Express Serotes);
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