1959-07-13 — Page 9

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SCIENCE AND

ENGINEERING A Machine To Duplicate Human Brain

A LOCKHEED scientist predicted that a machine

could be built which could duplicate the human brain to the degree that it could display learning behaviour,

Dr David G. Willis of Lork-

heed Missiles and Space Divi-

slon who has been working on Controlled Explosions

the intriguing problem of creat- ing artificial intelligence, has

developed a mathematical model For Shape Forming

of the human neuron, or bralnj cell, which, he said. might pave; the way to the construction

In real thinking machine.

of

The Lockheed mathematicimi

THE

HE development of con- trolled explosions to form metal ports rapidly, described his experiments in this and accurately into the re- held in a paper presented to the quired shape is now becom- International

oning

more practical Information Processing he industrial technique, sponsored by Unesco.

The operation of the process chends basically on the use of explosives to take the place of

Conference

HIS THEORIES

Willis' theory of the uuri presses. differs essentially with mont Most explosion forming is tlicortes in thyrot

bylioves carried out under water, al- changes fake place.

in the thaugh this is not an essential dividual nesurvin---the building factor. One of the most recent- blocks of man's intelligently developed explosives for this is now being system-when they are excited purpose, which which permanently affects their developed for commercial use, is behaviour whenever subsequent ammonium ly stimulated.

گر ائمه

per-

nitrate-fuel oil compound. Tests have shown that it will operate better under than out of water. On "Since 1803," he said, "here water has boon conjecture

its among the other hand, neuro-physiologists and others formance is said to be excep- concerning 13 existence of tionally good.

mail changes waitin

neurons which have permanent effect ran their logical behaviour,"

These changes in behaviour

£250,000 Plant For

called plasticity explain how the Man-made Timber

responses of neurons are altered"

A

።።

by their past history. By re- taining recurd of their acti- vities throughout

whoir their

life. the mearuns function memory elements.

plant

NEW, £250,000

for producing man- made timber was opened re cently at Weybridge, Sur- rey. The new factory will most investigations of neurons make woodchip board, which to concepts is produced from processed have been limited

Heretofore, however, he said,

MEMORY

"Unfortunately." Wills sald, "neurons of this type shed very little light on what appears to be one of the most striking and

in under significant problems standing the working of the human brain-the mechanism of memory."

$ THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, JULY 18, 1959.

Weekly Survey Of The American Economy SUMMER PACE SLACKENS Following Seasonal HONGKONG Stocks Continue

Pattern Although Steel Strike Looms

New York, July 12.

STOCK EXCHANGE

Our Own: Correspondentes

Buriness done on the Hong- konk Steck Exchange this

To Gain

Street On Wall

New York, July 12.

Despite the new imminence of a steel strike the U.S. economy

followed the seasonal pattern of a summer slackening morning amounted to approxi- Stocks gained during the past week their fourth

of pace last week.

2315

Sales

AC - GO 1 u 11,33

mately $802,000, Noon quota- tions and the morning's trans- action:

Hbarer Buyer Sellers This was,

well of 'course, It also followed the pattern sales expectations depended on

BANK below the Delrolt percentage of by Indulging in a growing de- how these models will be ac-

070 157' bate on the pros and cons of cepled. And even more depend- the worst recession mouths but Bank..

31A Inflation, the ever-present con-ed on whether there would be far above the nationwide un- En Ala

strike this year or comitant of every U. S, boom, stee!

employinent pleture which AL INSURANCES

7854 อง of Union rate Ц ran at Aller

groee, strike against the major rubber mid-year two weeks of

Lombard... 354 approximately five per cent of

SHIPPING brought by a personal appeal and tyre manufacturers.

Waterbost by President Elsenhower

the labour force, considered by de- manding that the steel dispute There is a strange footnote to all experts as about the normal Wheelocka. negotiations go on, the nation the story of Detroit's succes-level the U. S, will now have DOCKS, ETC Four and a half K. Wherf.. ogaln stood before n strike.fi comeback after the reces to live with,

Despite the boom in the Labour insisted two weeks was alca. all 11 was ever willing to agree mulu Industry, the Michigan to and served notice tie unten state employment security con- will strike next Tuesday mid-mission reports Detroit silli has night if no new contract has 9.8 per cent of its labour force been agreed upon by then, unemployed largely because of automation and new production techniques.

New Appeal

his

The President renewed appen, this time for an in- dennità extension of talks, but the union countered it was sure Eisenhower did not intend that labour and steel management negotiate "forever."

13

Strangely enough, some opin- fon sull persisted that a steel strike will be averted. Iron Age magazine placed the odds at seven to four that a "non- Inflationary" suttlement of the

prob- dispute ability,

Plogued by premature wild- cat walkout and the Independ- ence Day holiday as well pe by doldrums, the steel industry last week was at the only able to produce

level since January. lowest With mills operating at 78.2 output of capacity. per cont last week tell to 2,215,000 tons. 271,000 tons below the preced. lug week when the operating rate was 87.8

per cent

the usual summer

о

گر

per cent was the level of un- Dock ....... employment during the 1935-37 Provident boom yours and the unreturned Tatko une half per vent is generallyLAND, ETC.

automation te considered due to

other labour-saving mea- and sures adopted by industry. --- UFI,

U.S. Balance Of Payments

Is In A Mess

By SYDNEY GAMPELL

London, July 12. THE US. balance of payments

is in a mess. In the first quarter of this year the defic!! of $927 million (a rate of

year) $3,700 million a

actually higher than its

Was

of the first three quarters of last year when the gold was pouring out.

wholly agree) that "this is not the balance of payments

0 0.33 1033 G'i

10.35

fon

43 41

121

12.00 BIEP

1203.

27.90

20

IK Land 3524

31

Humphreys

Henlly RUBBER

Amnig

A. Tawah..

Bungal

UTILITIES Train

successive week of advance-with volume rising to a daily average of 3,734,933 shares, the most since May S.

Al the clage en Friday, the points on

report

of merger inrusral average had register-egotiations between the two.

Robbins and McKesson & ed gas in 11 of the 12 sessions

three ince June 23, and jį closed the Pince were up two or work only on-qfürler point while Norwich lost more than under the all-time high set on Wednesday.

1

During the week the railroad department got into action and on Weineritay it registered 31

new high since May 8, 1956.

week of business It was o 1000 27.03 1000 27185 recovery from the July 4 holl-

1323

day week, but the comeinck failed to lift the figure to those of the pre-holiday week. This was in line with expectations,

2:00 20

133

145 33 1500 35.75

901 200

7:1% HH EST TA

1.573

10 10.20 1.60 1.025 2000

2.53 2.573..

3.30 3.375

2.85

...... 28.75 20,00

Steel Strike

Steel operations came back end at times it appeared as Ma strike would be averted. Hep why not give up for a settle- 1001 14 28.62 nt although the

companies were preparing 06 the week ended to bank their furnaces in strike deadline advance of the on Tursday.

1400 28.74 020.70

50+ 113

two. Bendix gained 3% in the nireralts. Inter-sicle department soley rose mex Chan ve in the moreenilter white Penney and Woolworth were up three Ilichfield and Union Oll of Calfermia to three.

הגאון יוס

Rails had Kains unging to four paints in Norfolk &

Florida Western. Licht, on morly reven, featured

Power &

the utilics, Malerula rose 5% in an otherwise lower circtronic, Artup.

Textur Inruments foST 7% points and Zenith 6% points in that section, Polaroid lost six and Bell & Howell lost 4% in the cameTRY,

INLETOKĻIDTal

points

01

Salt rest!

10 the urek and advances of more than eight och came into Glen Alden and Molor Products. Gains of Ave pants or more were recorded Carborundum and Con- infor pra Lolidated Cigar..

Star Ferry. Yaumati

17

រ

C. JAK...

Klectric

17.00

10 105 17.95

1000 k 17.30

27.00 28.10

197 or ZT.30

Galer

4D 27.00

1270

27.90

noted utenrobile mutput, cool

wxx

2NG

21.90

0197

28

duction, construction, and rela!! trade, Stent operations were

0.00

27:20

34 34%

of a country that is unable to Macao E. XD compete in supplying com- Telephone mercial goods and services in INDUSTRIALS world trade,”

relles

Cement STORES, ETC. Me E. M. Bernstein any

On Dalry stich data as that U.8. Imports Watson

1. Craw were of goods last year

COTTONS smaßer proportion

of the Textile

(lex) gross nailonal product than three per cent than in all but one of the past

It was padded by abnormal pay- ment for oil to forestall the import quelas, but that item was outweighed by Germany's |- -eight years.. windfall prepayment of $150 Whitc For the current week sieel

million on her postwar debi. outpul was scheduled at 83.2 per cent of capacity, or 2,357,000 Imagination boggles at what the tons, but doubts were expressed U.S. deficit would have been whether the goal will be mel. without that windfall, with- out the still larger one of Germany's prepayment of the best part of $400 million for defence iniporis, without some žehl payments from France too, and without the reflux of short-term

which monry brought the next quillow of U.S. privale capital to the lowest level since 1955.

Mills Lagging

in which logical properties drej industrial wood waste capacity, Hot change with time.

wood shavings and chips or forest thinnings-bound to- gether with a synthetic re- in under heat and pressure. The inished product is used in the building. furniture and other wood-consuming indus- tries.

The new plant has one

Mills had been lagging be- press expable of curing len

hind delivery dates for the boards at a time. It is com

past month or so. The two- automatic and specially petely

extension beyond 110 constructed for

chipboard week

originat July 1 strike deadline meant that at best they would manufacture,

The manufacturer, soy that

come rough with most of the) board's woodchip

advantage

orders on the books for June Include

shipment and perhaps some, but little, of the tonnage promised for early July.

There was an accompanying drop in Detroit aute output but This was not linked to the steel performance.

cluso The Arst out of 1059 model operations and holiday schedules cut now car output 16 per cent last week. An estimated 107,110 were scheduled to be

timber natural

Of the many remarkable pro- perties of human memory, Willis continued, there are two char- neleristles which are particular- ly noteworthy. One is simply its over tremendous storage capacity practically negligible shrinkage swelling, freedom from dwarding that of the largest and an

knots and other defects, im- most advanced computer.

resistance to Запис proved

resistance

The other outstanding feature spread, and higher

of human memory is its "ran-10 vermin and fungoil growth. Company and Jle- <tom access" chureter-thef (Airrerew ability to revail very sub-] woud Lad, Weybridge, Surrey). stantial portion

the millions

of bits of information stored in our brains almost as fast as our attention is directed toward subject.

unita New Teleprinter

With described an experi- A ment he performed with a sys

NEW teleprinter

turned out, compared with 127,- 217 in the previous week, A

In his contention (with which the New York Fed does not

U.S.

May

of it)

Bet-

Glen Alden led the list In

seheduled to rise from 78.2 per turnover with sales ut 548,500

Aluminium Limited, in second place with als at

cent of capacity in the July 4tures. werk to 3.2 per cent.

18.20 10.40 1800 67 15:30 | Industrial 14.70 14.40 10.40 18.85

the 325,000 shure, gained nearly a Al the close on Friday,

General Motors was at point average slood 669.50. up 8.80 points from the third, American Motors fourth, cle the week before; railrond and New Yorit Central th

las gained 1 points 172.22 up 3.30; utility 80.78 up The 0.68 and 65 stocks 221.94 up despite further postponement of

action

the dividend on 3.02.

the week totalled excuse of uncertainty over the Sales for 18,710,665 shares.

The saol situation.-UPI." I12 000 $1,09 previous week sules averaged

for 103,239,305 shures daily 0 » HẾT.

Nanyang

0.55 19.00

1030 01

11

INVESTMENTS

Int.

Alle XD. I.K. & F. Invest.

XXts & B. 11.50

8% 4

4.30

12

...

19,00 40.

Als ......

Exchange Rates

cui-day week.

Long Rise

а

THEC much

and

the Americans have (alifyingly) been increnaing their purchases of Imported been in- Foods. they have treasing their purchases of American goods and services

Buntess was done Inz the focal sil faster.

exchange market

In the long rise frem June 23, This Plainly, this is not an all-fours unofficial

Industrial The mening at the following rater:

RVCTage Including comparison.

US dollars (per $....... 5.1 nearly 33 points without

10.37 vices all through, over Bin Sterling sofer (per l ....

1253 decline. The Average dipped exports Australian nudes per £1 past ten years U.8.

A. 0.72 reinis on Thursday 27.00 have fallen to five per cent of Indonesian rupiah (per 100

0.47 point on Friday. [.] the national product (from Siam teala (per 100!

The rise in Industials was Singapore (Straits! seven), while

importa

hpe aleng by strength in have risen to that same five

ch.mick, Autonibiles, same of per cent ifrom four). Who

the metals, and farm im- cares?-China Mall Special.

plantni Steels Jagged with Bethlehem off a faint and U. S. So off enrly a point, reflect- Ing strike uncertainty.

Motors Hot General aellen and need four points on the week. Ford rose 4%. Chrysler and American Motors strengthcrued. High production for the first half helped the autes Chevrolet led the June Ebduction fignce.

Wheat 'Bill Get Passed

Washington, July 12.

which similar drop was registered in Secretary of Agriculture, Ezra Taft Benson told

made its debut

at the truck output.

Lisbon Trade Fair in

tem of 280 neurons simulated en British

ler, lighter and simpler

An

In the experiment Willis sald any comparable machine in that the neurons are arranged tonunercial

10 wide by 18 high. The stimulus where

prochiellon any-

the world. It is

or excitation provided ts the capable of sustained operation same for all neurons.

at 100 words a minute-a 50 "To demonstrate the memory per cent advance over the pre- he sent International standard. It properties of the system." said, "we exclte or inhibit each will also function at 60 words a neuron in the matrix, One mode minute (standard U.S.A. speed) of excitation forces the neurons and at 66 to respond in pattern."

words per minute

newsmen today he is hopeful, after consulta- tions with congressional farm leaders, that a wheat bill can be passed during the present session of Congress.

The Imperiot Division of computer at Lock- was claimed to be a major step | Chrysler closed

1950 plat 11 o digital

Selentide Research forward in design, being smal

model production and the plant heed's Laboratory in Palo Alto, Calif.

was expected to be down till sometimes in August. 1950 De Solo and Chrysler output was

Ho suggested the possibility down in mid- expected to go July and Plymouth and Dedge of bipartisan approach in Con- executive In re together with by the end of this month.

co-operation with the legisin- rapid- order all other chr

lors, formulate Jegislation manufacturers were expected to

which Presidend Eisenhower drop Out of the 1930 mode!

could accept. Els.tower - assembly lines.

bit!,! vetoed a whical cently However, the change-over

which was not passed by Con- period this year was generally some particular (standard European and Inter-

Expected

gress over his veto. short to be Wurd's Automotive reports Mr Benson thought thei EX statistical

predicted possible

approach to cam- September would bring back promise might be found in A employment and furious new

for. provision

wheat-growers madel activity-barring. „C-referendum which would give plications on the steel front.

fariners,

nither than the gov By September 10, or shortly ernment, the final decision on thereafter, all U. S. auto makers should be in production the desired programme. He be on 1900 models, including for leved that the farmers want the first time the Big Three's less governmental control, and

greater freedom to plant.

national standard). As it is un-

The results as described by affected by vibration and tillinge Willis show that when a not-it will operate in ships or air- tern is forced with some parti- trafi. (Creed)

culur excitation I tends to re-

DEBL}{#3}{who:tio...........STUME.

stimulus is repeated.

EXCITATIONS

"But," Wilk added, "as we

force more and. more patterns

with other excitations they be

Radar Order

For Middle East

་

Britain hae secured a further

ain to interfere. The interesting order for airborne search radar. thing about this phenomenon is In the Middle East. not how many Independent pat-

Exco Electronics Limited are out to supply terns can be read in and

Ekco Туре E160 ngoin, but is in the way these search radar with Doppler drift

agency

new small car.

Small Cars

I was this small might conceivably

und

Mr Benson also(tolti newsunen That tobacco legislation is needed ear that to provent further United States yel

upset loss of tobacco markets abroad,

patterns interfere with one a- mensuring equipment for the optimistie estimales based on which has resulted from dim-

other."

Viscount fleet of Kuwait Air- This, he stated, is not walikeways. the way in which memories may bo associated brain.

in

This fellows recent orders for the human similar equipment

from the Lebanon and Ireq.

Ito caid the system shows on

results of the first half of the culics in competing at world

prices. year that 1959 would be the Ruto industry's third best year in its history.

Mr Beason was questioned regarding the possibility of

In the first six months est. 4,000,000,000 bushel

K

corn crop

|{CITY LIGHTS!

-

Dictated, but signed in his absence by

London Espress Straten.

into

Peckinpares had their day with. Arincar and Cudahy strong Outlook for higher Jarnings for the Locking -

dustry la said to be good,

In the

7

on #

LONDON

CLOSES

FIRM

London, July '12.

There was a selective in- terest in stock markets last week which pro- duced an irregularity with

good features and an undertone of firmness. The main interest was in take- over bids and special features.

There were signs that inves tors ure beginning to think chemical group Du about the next general election Pent rose 54 points. Stauffer and some started switching Chemical declined 57% and from home Industrial invest- ments. A revival of interest in Vieter Chemical Werks rase

dollar stucks. produced a pre- mium on their purchase for the Arst time since last December.

The gilt-edged market also benefited ES some Investors switched

into government funds. This market has been im- proving steadily of lote.

COTTON FUTURES

END WEEK MIXED

There was little movement in foreign bonds The speculative interest in Greek bonds las waned and

caster. they were

In come business Japanese suce which were the assented

New York, July 12.

Ї

There was

Cotton futures ended another week of slow trading show-

ing-a-mixture of gains and losses.

At Friday's close the list block, now reported ruled 14 points higher to 14 15.03 bales, lower, or 70 cen's higher to 70

cents lower.

The nearby July position the Anished higher, reflecting

certified continued drop in the

Bank Of France

Statement

EASINESS

down to

near

Sweden Adjusts Her Tariffs

Kungualy, July 12. -

Arm, particularly iseuca.

There was solretive demand for Industrial equities, chiefly

in the speculative locks.

Stecis were firm and on- gineering and textile shares In demand.

Olla

Weru

unsettled with

Rubber shares were slepdy.

Bank Of England Statement

Trading in the distant months was light early in the week first government waiting the Hereage flute. Ils climate of 15,180,000 planted acres proved to close to predictions that the Immediate effect was discerni-Sweden has followed Britain prices Irregular. able in the market.

in agreeing to adjust herUPI. tariffs on Danish agricul- tural exports to Dan-i However, casiness in

mark's advantage, it was months and strength in distant

announced here today. inte in the week indicated the in the United States this year.

The Swedish agreemcht was mated sales of U. S. made new

trade had reversed its former "economie Impact

economic felt the reached at n Nordle state-traddle thinking und cars ran above 2,000,000 units. I said the This, the Industry thought, of such a huge crop could only The Bank of France would make it a safe bet that be evaluated in relationship toment for the week ended July two cent difference between the meeting here this weekend to

bods of the market was too discuss pinns for a Nordic Cus

London, July 12. 2, reade as follows: somewhero ground 6,250,000 the entire feed grain altuation.

wide in view of the high toms Union and its relationship.

The Bank of England state- ents will be sold this year. He said that a possible in-

to the proposed "outer seven) acreage and its expected yield. that they can shed on human LEANING by sound waves

ment for the week ended July in corn erop might | rotat

Free Trade scheme. WHIS memory charactoriaties,"

WAK demonstrated at the The banner year was 1055 with crease

The be offset by smaller production Toia eiher currencies 10,672.777.531 Short covering in the bellet

Norway, Sweden, Denmark 3, reads as follows: concludes, "devices of this kind British Trade Fair in Lisbon by

7,400,000 now core sold.

182549,000,000 there will be no more colts and Finland have been taking Total notce in circula- Becond best was 1050 with 0,- of oats, sorghum and soybeana sight balance abroad appear to be sufficiently power- means of converting electrielly

He said that the rising ecía-

Advance to SubT

legislature at this congressional part, and according to delegates mechanical energy ful and flexible that

800,000. we may into eventually be able to use agitate the bottom of a tank at į Nobody knows yet what the sumption of earn this year was tion Fund

Tola bilis discounted 1,585 711,10,603 cssion also buoyed the distant Finland is terested in cikling Public deposits

namnths while the governments with the "outer seven"-Britabi, Government securities disappearance re- rogetton will bo when Ford, encouraging

Bank nie, ka ́citeta- physical realisations of them to the rate of 40,000 vibrations a

lation

2000-3,455,306,019.345 kccond straight bright crop re- Austria, Denmark, Norway, Por Other securities bulid oconomically machiner second This literally shakes Chevrolet and Plymouth come cently having been at a rate 10

that of a year Current accounts and Dew small car per cent above

deposita which can solve pattern recogni- the dirt free from the material but with their

inside. (Dawo Instruments.) In the autumn. tion and learning problems."

a small scale many characteri~ !

stics which are compatible with those of the human brain.

"Entirely aside from any light

Cleaning By. Sound

to

A lot in the ago.UPI.

Paris, July 12.

gold holdings 291,002,312,680

Esto

tion

Privals deposits

235,300.530.pas part was an casing influence on tugal, Sweden and Switzerland. Becelts

UPI the nearby deliverica-UPL --Router.

Hitio

sterling

2,146,057

10:30

293,350.935

220,774,540

10.632.490

101 -UPL