1957-10-14 — Page 4

STEEL

by

Dr. T. P. COLCLOUGH

Technical adviser to the British Iron and Stegl Federation.

How steel

is meeting

a

double

demand.

THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, OCTOBER 14, 1957.

The continuing demand for steel led, in 1951, to the Second Development Plan, which has as. its target the production in 1038 of some 93%. million tons of Ingot steel, and 18,000,000 tons of pig iron of all qualities,

The production figures for last year were: Steel, 20,700,000 Cons; pig iron, 13,200,000 tons.

Other new 'plunt units are coming into operation this year cr there in therefore 'overy reason to expect that the torget for 1958 will be achieved.

The demand for steel Ave years from now has aloo been examined and the companies have started on further expan- sion to meet the figure antici- pated.

The results of this Cx- amination have be publishe recently in the special report on development of the Iren ezid Steel Board

report issued by the British Iron is one of the vital factors in the general and Steal Federation. economy of Britain.

A STRONG and efficient iron and steel industry and the Bu

The products it supplies are the raw materials essen tial to all branches of our engineering industries, rail and road transport, shipbuilding, mining, and much construc- tional work.

RAND

Now all ages train to play their part

by TREVOR EVANS

BY 1965 the 135,000 qualified scientists that we had last year will have to be built up to 220,000. That is what Sir Solly Zuckerman and his Scientific Manpower Committee tell us. No wonder Sir Solly Bays: "This would be remarkable educational achievement." Stepping up the annual output of 10,000 graduates a year to 16,000 from 1962 onwards will be a mighty job for our colleges,

Sir Solly adds: "There is

It may well be true that

throughout all' its long hin-

tory the apprenticeship system in this country has

today.",

never been so virile as it is

New schemes

TWO examples are given in

little risk that the greatest skilled craftsmen of tomor- 1814 possible combined efforts of row? the universities and

BEHIND THE MAN OF IRON A NEW technical college will result in any over-production of professional scientists engineers during tht

These reports indicate that 29,000,000 ingot tons of some steel and 20,000,000 tons of plz GENERATION PREPARES TO ADD ron will be needed.

Proposals submitted by the

Federation will provide for about 28,000,000 tons of steel and 19,000,000 tena of pig iron, It is stated. Other schemes which are under consideration will prob- ably yield a further million tons of steel and of pig iron.

In steel

Progress so far has been well in line with the plans and, in

cf

capital can be made available, and given the full measure co-operation and mutual adjust- ment which has so far prevalled, the programme will be achieved.

1960's."

And

Lord Coleraine's report. The cutlery industry has a new apprenticeship scheme. Previously it had not had a single apprentice since

Secondly, for the Arst time Lord Coleraine and his ticeship scheme for agriculture, ever. There is now an appren= National Youth Employment Ironically, engineering, which Counci: report

mosi trained men in that about will need one-third of the boys under enough apprenticeships.***

the future. Es not providing 16 enter apprenticeships or

Many industries will htve to learnerships to skilled review their crrangements by introducing more elasticity in the minimum

and maximum ages at which boy's can enter pprenticeships. Some are still

crafts.

in

is a guide to action, and not

Their latest report says: a form of prophecy."

The last three years have So-more scientists.

seen further progress What of other branches the development of schemes of industry? The young for the recruitment and will be the training of young workers. people who

various companies and already FRESH STRENGTH TO INDUSTRY And he concludes: "This We depend on steel for engineering products made approved by the Board and the defence; for the develop from it. ment of nuclear energy.

The response made by the While, traditionally, there industry to this double de- has always been a close re- mant is shown by the fact lationship between the pro- that at present direct ex- duction of steel and the ports of steel are sufficient general prosperity of the to cover the entire cost of country, this has intensified the imported raw materials atory. since the war.

used in steelmaking,

The growth of industry And the products made generally has naturally in- from steel amount to more creased the demand for than half the total exports steel. But, in addition, the from this country. decline in exports of eer-

tain commodities-coal and The past

textiles, for example has led to a greater demand for the export of steel and

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,

BETWEEN the wars the

capacity of the steel industry was some 14,000,- 000 ingot tons per year.

- But this expansion

production is only part of the

Much of the plant in use ati the end of the war was obsolete. been replaced.

and has now, in large measure,

The progress made is indicated In the Board's report which, says: that the proportion of obsolete plant In 1882 used the monu- facture of unsic ton would be

girlisle, and the obsolete units used fur steelmaking would amount to only 414 per cent of the toll.

Taken over-all, the expansion

The production of steel, and reconstruction programmes

to

some cases, well shesd,

There 11 every reason anticipate that If the necessary

ALFRED

KRUPP

By SIMON KAVANAUGH

...

London.

LL the Industrial might and ingenuity of Victorian Britain was on show for the Great Exhibition of 1861.

But the most astounding exhibit was an unadorned

however, in the 10 years submitted by the companies will block of steel. It weighed four tons. It was flawless. 1920-29 averaged only 7, in the years 1946 1002, provide 500,000 tons, and in 1930-39 for an increase of 180 per cent less than 9,250,000 tons.

But in the early 1930's the steel companies embarked on a campaign of mademisation and result of their efforts pro- duction was raised to a pre-war peak of almost 13,000,000 tons in

אה

1037.

Until then no one, had be

in the production of pix fron.eved that so large a slob of nd 130 per cent intrease in steel could be cast without flaw. the 1840 Now they saw that it was steel production over production figures,

posible..

of

this

•

I had been dork by Krupps of Germany.

The load

THE carrying out

That block of stel could expansion und reconstruc- | aptly have been captioned: Won ins naturally placed "Krupp: A Family Portrait." Feavy load on the steel com- panies and the engineering com-

The difficulties and stress of any the war years prevented marked expansion or improve- iments, and the production of panies which have provided the steel in the seven years 1930-1040 plant and equipment.

For. to

much of the world,

Just as cold. Just as Just as dangerous

slee is Krupps and Krupps is

sleet. impersonal.

averaged 12.0 million tons per It has involved a consider in the hands of the ruthlessly year the outstanding change able capital expenditure, and it ambillous....Just us enduring being a mrked increase in the has been estimated that the when thele users are dead and manufacture of electriz furnace capital cost of the First Plan forgotten, steel required for war purposes. up to the end of 1931 amounted

to more than £300 million. end of the. Even before the wur, the companies operating through the Brilleh Ire

The plan

THE First Development Plun was drown up in December, 1945, and aimed at a productkus 15 million ingot tons of steel by 1953.

setched In This target was 1049, four

years nheed of schedule. And in 1953, the tax get year, the production of steel was actually 17.0 million

10ns

(10 per cent over the target) and

PHOTOGRAPHS

In the five years to the end

10 roughly

Alfried

can

a

There is little evidence that much of life exists for Alfried Krupp outside his. Industrial empire. When his second wife, a former German Alm actress, sued for divorce in Americs, the complained that Alfried was "aloof" and that he refused to live with her.

Yel In 1932 she was part of the picture of the former arms king about to settle down quiel- by a modest German love ticat,

It is said by those who know him that Alfried Krupp finds

when Krupps steel wishes." Hitler push back Did

sekiom

driving

freedom and the

too rigid.

youngsters entering, industry for But training is rol cerdined to

the first time. There is now more retraining going on with- In Brms thon ever before. Standards are being; relied ali the time. There are now more than 40 private and State staff training colleges In this country. They cover courses for manag ng directors and for foremen.

Not so simple NE of the must impressive

items in the annual report of Mr Iain Macleed, the Labour Minister, was the announcement that 288,462 had been trainod in “305 ́Instruction" to the end of last year, 220,109 :la: Mob relations" and 70,814 in "jób methods."

1

But, in addition, thousands of executives are being trained privately by specialist” privatb firms for, medium-sized panies and the big corporations in such seemingly simple sub- jects as "communication,"lan

Of course, that is a deceptive description. Communications from the top command, down through executive ranks to the foreman and the man on tho shop floor, are not simple.

The bigger -- the -- firm the harder it is to convey its policy down the ne, Yet how Important it is that everyone his should, understand what part is In mighty joint effort. These courses cost money. But it is money well spent i 話 results in higher efficiency, and, almost as important, a botter team spirit.

The visitors

that his staff management

These

with their

were

In

hud them to offer when Ger- longer proportion

relaxation of his torr his many stormed

against And has been this since French in 1970 and in cartler not released until 1951.

the than had his father. He was powerful cars fast. It seems to ME MACLEOD also reported

bebis only form of relaxation. and of 1956, the capital expenditure the Krupps industrial dynasty wars.

Alfried, too, after his release Otherwise, he is a devoted 100 2,200 firms last year.

advisers made 3,000 visits to Steel Federation Florted a on development was £279

worked

swords-to-plough- per cent, 24-hours-n-day indus-visits were made further campaign

at present was founded in a humble way. to modernise million-equivalent

But the Krupps were mora

at the Arms' day prices end expand the industry.

£300 by Friedrich Krupp when he

meeting requests. bought a modest foundary in

than just munition makers. They shores switch in the output of trialist,

They were prepared. strangers and largely shunning to take trouble million.

Essen in 1810.

were, by the time, a national the Krupps Industry. institution.

to improve They were the Alfred Krupp Inherited with his fellow men. It is anticipated that further

human relations in their works. Alfred Krupp von Bohlen rulers of an empire within an his father's empire his Teutonic This aloofness is believed to developments-to reach the 1083 und Halbachta a chip off the empire. Their palace was the thoroughness and his sense of spring from his hurt at the In Belial there is an infinite production target will require a old steel block.

- glant Villa Hugel at Essen, a the fundamental rightness of the violent reaction, particularly In variety of relationships and in- capital expenditure of some

1kc Krupp is

Iribute to their immense wealth destiny of Krupps.

Britain, to his premature re-terests within and between both £850 million, equivalent to un character from the pages of Up- if not their aesthetic taste.

Both characteristics were lease fron prison. And it is sides Sinclair. The munitions

industry. There are not annual expenditure, of more tan

It was into this dynastic at never more evident than during possible that Alfried, with his nearly many "iron curtain" than £100 million.

king, the industrial emperor, mosphere that Alfiled was born, his hardly uncomfortable spell Inborn sense of the rightness as most people think. There is seldom seen, even less often the result of a union between na a prisoner,

of the Krupp dynasty, truly plenty of refreshing fuldily- Certain features of these quoted, but with power beyond Bertha Krupp (later to give her

feels hurt. developments merit particular the dreams of mere dictators, name to the glant gun the Ger

even at the top. His father, under strnilar cir- reference.

To conform to the popular mans

Along with directors of his cumstances, reacted differently. used to bombard Paris

Some remarkable disclosures various enterprises, likewise i Soon after his World War 1) and carcerated

mado by release by the are

Dr

George The making of steel depends stereotpye, he should be sinister during

Landsberg, French he vowed: diplomat of

nt "good" on an adequate supply of pig ly obese, crop-headed, a wearer poor

Copemon, the editor of Business, Bavoris, Alfried held weekly

"Tho French have taught us of siz and hematite iron

In his new book, "Promotion 8.3 iron. It has,

Prussian stock, said. therefore, been of astrakhan topconts and

to have board meetings. been chosen for the Krupp bananas took the place of the hat: shall be something holy.

Oranges and how to hate properly, and this and Pay for Executives." million tons (12 per cent over necessary to pay special atten- smoker of plant cigars.

In fact, he is lean, with the target).

tion to securing Increased ton-

heiress by the Kalser,

He investigated, Alfried, in his way, was every conventional boardroom refresh I shall be headed down from nages of iron ore both homo touch of Gary Cooper about his

features. His bit as much a Crown Prince as ments; the cigars were Ameri- generation to generation until the candid co-operation, the careers produced and imported and to craggy-browed

are superbly tailored the

But the board meelings time of our

of 60 Industrial and commercial Kaiser's "Little expand the capacity ot blast clothes

Willy." when he with one big difference, "Little were every bit as'serious as they fulfilment of our Fatherland'o i alterent age groups. The over-

executives. They And but subdued. furnaces,

#mokes, it is cigarettes..

Willy" never succeeded to his had, been But these superficials apart. father's estate.

was helping The Increase in pig iron pro-

Alfried's father,, as he age over-50 salary was £5,973. duction has been attained by Alfried Krupp is more power- Alfried hed to wait a long the frontiers of the free world. promised, hand down this hatred

"It was," said Krupp's Ameri- to his son? Alfric has shown execialves

Br Copeman found that 100 [scrapping many of the old ful than any arms king in the time before he became King

now move from job furnaces and replacing them pages of a novel.

Krupp. But from his carllest can attorney, with remarkable no open signs of this.

"one

to job, from firm to film, much the "feelings" ar by large, modern units, with As his father before him, he days he was being groomed for oness,

relayed to the more frequently, than pre-wars: I have his nation and his the job. fully mechanised equipment. has seen

funniest sights

ever world vin his subordinates. Ac- Thus the over-littles had held industrial empife overrun by

DUCTS,

cording to them, he is devoted Ave jobs since they were 25. It is well known that British enemies. He has been hicu

The thousands of foreign slave to his ambition of peaceful They had moved on averago home orcs are of very poor, before the courts as a war During his Impressionable workers employed by Krupps prosperity, to the social welfors onco every six years. quality, and during the 10 criminal and sentenced to years he was to have a good during the war might have been of his employees. years 1834 to 1944 Stewarts and twelve years' imprisonment, for pleture of what the Krupp em- forgiven for taking a less light-

Better chances Lloyds and United Steel Comising slave workers.

pire could do under pressure, hearted view of the proceedings. punles pioneered the develop- Yet, today, he is back of his for the Krupps industries throw Eventually, Alfried Krupp was One of his. Heutenants is onl ment of methods for the throne, acclaimed as the richest their entire weight behind the released by the Americans as record as saying: "He wants to THE under-ferties hack moved Improvement.

German onslaught of 1914. an act of clemency, but there kill once. and for all the ovil every four years, and their probably B. lttle was no hiatus while he gathered and false legend of Krupp the salary increases had averaged

He had never let cannon king."

18.6 per cent every year," young to appreciate the irony the reins. of the situation when the British them go.

And another has sold: "Wel and German war flects clashed

And Dr. Copeman concludes: True, Krupps empiro was shall never again include The chances of rising into...a at sea. Both sides had, Kruppa- emaciated by

dis weapons in our range of pro-high income class are now much .. clad ships

mantling and decentralisation, duels...at least, not of our belier than ever in the part A Now 48, Alfried :: Krupp, WAS. ;. What he was able to absorb It needed a single-minded man own free will." born in the heyday of the Ger- was the fact that the Krupps to put back together tigbla, Perhaps Elsmarck, the Kaiser sampling of Afty careers may be foo, slender a base for suchḥa man empire. Under Kaiser family were not loved by Ger- It needed, in short, a traditional and Hilfer all forced the Krupp sweeping concluido, But; up- Wilhelin, the German nation many's enemies. The French type: Krupp, It got one; into making arms against their doubtedly, these, fifty cours was milliaristie, truculent and clapped his father into prison And now the Krupps empire will. And there are those who prove what is being done in this

What is fear that should another power. O provide for an increase in impire-minded. As Hitler's after the war, MN is thriving again,

steel production from 12.7 Germany was later to do it was. He was not, however there more, it is being gradually ne- mid leader, rise in Germany, country. million ingot tons in 1040 to a buling up a military machine for long. He trged a par cepted that it is not going to Krupp might again be forged It elf means hard work and figure approaching 29,000,000 which one day would have to be doned man and set up shop, be possible to enforce life agrees: mio making arina.

a long pull tona in 1909angavarage, m-used. It only to justify its cost again manufacturfing typewriters ment signed by Krupp in 1953. Yea, olice more in 'quiet, ro-

We must not forget wh crvoso, of 1,000,000 tons per year and existence, an

France and tiring Altried, the Krupps am- fat and cash registered any valid with a Britain, SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST, LTD. the same time to For all this, Reel and the Woman American court America that by 1958 be would pire her ripen like a phoopis happening In the got robo

modernias the existing capacity, ancillaries of bool production entenced Athried after World well out him stand and cost, hold- from Its own ashbet great and taskingent "collega. Wyndham Straut,

presente problems of the first, war Beeded. Tha Ekuppa family. Ward Il to twelve-yeare? Imings, Who-fisini makad, .could: A. phoenix, perhaps, tou <from collatry.

bad them to ocet, as they had a pussonment, be served a much shord, to pur; them?:23A

by our Staff Photographers

Rediffusion Talent Time

Golf Exhibition at Fanling Double Tenth Decorations

·GE.C. Products Exhibitions Kowloon Chamber of Commerce Party Police Passing Out Parade at Aberdeen RAF Mercy Mission to Waglan Island. Photo Salon Judging at A.B.C. Cafe, Queen's Road Centenarians Party at Champagne Restaurant. Tsimshatsui St. John Amb. Turner Shield Competition & Presentation Foundation Stone Laying of "Labour Building" at Kowloon H.E. The Governor at Queen's College, Causeway Bay Congregation at The University, "Loke Yew Hall Israel Soccer Team Arrive at Kai Tak HK. WAAC, Farewell Presentation Athletic Meeting at Caroline Hill

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man in Europe it not the world, The principles of this pioneer and the cause of sleepless nigtits work of the British Ironmakers for international businessmen, have been made the basis for particularly British. [blast furnace development - In exton- Russia and are being sively applied in other Euro- penn countries,

The future

Ho WILB

"

of

bombing.