DID YOU.
PHILISHAVE
TO-DAY
COMMENT OF
THE DAY
Gomulkaism To give free
rein to
speculation over current evonta in Poland would be
RELAX
CHINA MAIL DAKS
No. 36572
Established 1849
MONDAY, OCTOBER
1956.
Price 20 Centa
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POLISH POLITICAL UPHEAVAL
GOMULKA BECOMES TOP Bulganin Angers Ike
a little like letting the genie | PARTY MAN: SOVIET
out of the bottle. The ten-
dency is to rango beyond the present and nak such ques- tions as: will other satel lites go the same way, and what happens to East Ger- many now, its direct link with Russia through Poland made less secure; and, of course, how will all this affect Mr Khrushchev's position?
One is tempted to think - wishfully of #1 Russla without satellites, falling
over backwards to appeuse neutral sympathies among former collaborators. Bul all this leaves one open to charges of begging question → severni
the quen-
MILITARY CHIEF OUSTED Jordanian
Warsaw, Oct. 21. Poland's Communist
leaders pressing policy of democratisation amid reports of Soviet opposition-tonight drop- Russia's Marshal
tions in fact, which pre Mr sumably will only be clari- the weeks fed in Until then it is as well to proceed cautiously.
QUI
nhead. |
UITE obviously, however, Poland's new regime under its "libera" First Secre- tary, Vladislav Gomulka, is against one-man domination of the party and hence, the state and is bent on navigating a course of its own without a Moscow pilot at the helm. Thus there are
similarities be Apparent
tween the new Polish polley and Yugoslavin's following Its break with Soviet Russia in 1948 except that Gomulka may prefer "group Tite" to direct the party's and state's affairs, rather than an individual. There is a hint of this in one
or two self-conscious re-
ped
Konstantin Rokossovsky, Commander-in-Chief the armed forces, from the country's ruling
of
hierarchy,
Vladislav Gomulka, former Party leader who spent four years in prison as a Titoist, was unanimously restored as First Secretary of the Party at a central com- mittee meeting attended by Party leaders, it was announced.
Polish-born Marshal Ro- kossovsky was dropped from the powerful Polit- bureau along with thres other members said to bo opposed to the path of democratisation, Tenon Nolak, Franciszek Mazor and Franciszek Joswak- litold.
Liberals Triumph
marks he made in yester-Two other members
Contral Committee and
were
day's speech to the Party dropped from the new Politbureau Mr R. Mr W. Nowak
oddly, with these particular sentiments, Mr Khrush chov can find little fault. What provoked the Soviet First Secretary's ire and, endowed him curiously,
with the ogrish image of an angry Stalls, was the idea that the Polish fledgling should want to leave the Soviet nest, und also, that others might be encouraged to do likewise if the experi- ment succeeds.
18
it,
or
The painful truth that even Mr Khrushchev must now realise is that the only way Russia can "keep" Poland,. in the same way that it has "kept" Yugoslavia, not by isolating smothering it by force of arms, but by smiling bravely while its ince is slapped. Whether Russian patience la equal to the ordeal remains to be seen. Cable reports from Warsaw suggest that the temptation to reimpoRe Staliniam may provoke something very revolution.
MR
close
to
R Gomulka may be de-
scribed as anti-Russian. Most Poles are; as anti- Russian
as they are anti- German. Sandwiched bo- tween the two countries they have had a long history of brute exploitation, particul- arly by Russia, to kindle these antipathies. Also Mr Gomulka has just finished a long gaol sentence meted out i at Stalin's insistance for his Titolat tendencies and he has no wish now to abide the clammy clutch of Soviet control any longer than he has to. A most pointed do- monstration of this feeling was the dropping of the, pro-Russion Marshal Rokos- sovosky from the Polish Politburo. Doubtless Marshal. Tito may
and Dworakowski.. Apart from Mr Gomulka himself, the new mem- bers include Mr Ignacy
• Go- Loga-Zawinski,
mulka supporter, Mr Jerzy Morawski, former secretary of the central and Stefa committee, Jedryschowski, former-
ROKOSSOVSKY
com-
new
was
V
Observers said the
position of the Politbureau triumph for the liberalis- ing wing of the Party, which
Frater democratisation in Po-
wants
2
also re-
of the Party, mains on the Polit- bureau. He was report- ed by informed Bources here to have offered the post to Gomulka after delegation meeting the
of Soviet leaders, head- ed by Mr Nikita Khrush- chev, who flew to War- saw last Friday.
Mr Edward Gierek, who was not re-elected to the Politbureau, was elected one of the secretarios of the central committee. Other
members of this Secretariat, which will administer the Party's activities day-to-day
under Gomulka,
are
Jerzy Albrecht, Witold
Jarosinski,
Vladislav
Matwin, and
Zambrowski.
Neutrals
Winning
Amman, Oct. 21. First re:ults in Jordan's showed national elections
drastically treaty
LETTER CALLED OFFENSIVE AND AN INTERFERENCE
Washington, Oct. 21.
President Eisenhower bluntly told Soviet Premier Nikolai A. Bulganin today that his newest letter proposing an H-bomb ban "is personally offensive to me" and constitutes "'an inter- ference in US domestic affairs.""
The President issued a sharply-worded reply to Bulganin's letter: last Friday which in effect endorsed Adlai E. Stevenson's proposal for an international agreement to control hydrogen weapons tests.
of your note in the midst of a national election campaign. express
He told Bulganin in language was a reference
of
s strong neutralist trend which could throw the thy
nation Pato the Egyptian-led neutral Arab bloo.
Eight of the first 11 mên
to Stevenson, elected for the
The President noted that Bul- ƒ 40-man
it abundant- House
genin's Delter was released by which was unusually blunt för, Eisenhower made of Representatives were believed advocates of
Moscow without previous noti- two heads of state that they clear that he regarded that
EN A form fication to the United States. Soviet Premier had seemed to statement scrapping от revising
This Jordan's
he
"impugn my own sincerity." asserted,
from
meddling in the US presidential with Great Britain.
In his letter to the President, campaign. internationparts accepted Jordan's first full roo
made public by the White House, in aumber of regnent p
First elections passed calmly to-
the sending
Bulganin said he realised that in The Democratic candidate has an election campaign the dis- promised that, it elected Presi day and were marked by
of acquires the form of a polemic." cussion
various strong voter apathy. The
issues dent he would seek an Inter- turnout was estimated at | Ing your support the opinions
nállónal agreemont for control However, he mid, the state-of H-bomb while at the samo only 30
certain per cent by the
prominent
public States ments by some US ometals, por- time continuing to build the US government.
figures in the United Oficial resulta
constitutes an interference by a ticularly Secretary of State John atomic stockpile.
Foster
contained Dulles, nounced at 11 pm. GMT
internal foreign nation in our
Eisenhower, in reply, has sajá affairs
the President obvious distortion" of Soviet were: one National Front
policy.
a ban on H-bomb testing with- said. - Communist ), two
"It was Bulganin's remark out
effective Inspection National
Socialists, two
about Dulles that Eisenhower system would endanger), US Constitutionalists, and six
called "not only unwarranted" security, He underscored the Independents,
of
but "personally offensive." need for inspection in bla lotter The Soviet fender's mention to Bulganin and noted that the prominent public | Soviets have blocked this: pro- of "certain Bigures" in America obviously posal,
(pro- Roman
The Announcements
The brief official announÇS-
ment of the new
leadership said:
"On
Party
October
21,
the eighth plenum of the central committee of the Polish United Workers Party elected the fol- lowing members of the political-bureau: Jozef Cyrankiewicz, Vladislav Gomulka, Stefan, Jedry-
whom
five
were considered
anti-Western.
Most other results will be announced
Was
-
tomorrow. But the trend, apparently strongly for those who would Ine the country.up
with
Egypt instead of with.. His tradi- tional allies, Britain and Iraq.United Press.
NY
FLAT
chowski, Ignacy Loga DRAMA:
fand. Gomtilka, 51-year-old war- time resistance', hero, how joins Mr Josef Cyrankiewicz, the Prime
Zowinski, Jerzy Moraw- Mr Minister,
Adam
Ochab, Edward ski, Rapacki, the Foreign
Adam Rapacki, Roman Minister, and Mr Alek-
Zambrowski and Alek- sander Zawadzki, Chair-
sander Zawadzki, man of the Council
bas State,
head of "Vladislav Gomulkce at the
been elected First Secre- this movement.
tary of the Polish United (Contd. on Page 8, Col 8)
of
ly an alternate member Mr Edward Ochab, the
of the Politbureau.
[
former First Secretary
Nation Brought About
The Changes
London, Oct, 21.
A special edition of the Polish Communist newspaper Trybuna Ludu, rushed on to the streets of Warsaw tonight said that the whole nation had played a part in bringing changes within the Communist Party hierarchy.
One special edition, announcing the new composition of the Party Politbureau, appeared within minutes of the an- nouncement of decisions taken by the eighth plenum of the Party's central committee, Warmww Radio reported,
"We have now she new leaders, leaders about which we can say that they were elected not only by the central commilites but the whole Party. For three days hundreds of intelligentela, soldiers and thousands of workers, youth, officers, the whole community, the whole nation, took pari la the proceedings of the plenum," the newspaper said.
"For the first time for a number of years a close, warm contact has been established between the top organ of our Party and the masses of working people.
"In schools, in factories, in military units, the proceedings were followed with glose attention."Kenter.
ARMY JOIN IN CRY FOR DEMOCRATISATION
men of
Officers and academy held a meeting in manded "democratisation of Radio reported tonight.
offor at least moral support The radio rold representatives to this tendency which will og workers of Warsaw factories make Mr Khrushchov's pre-were present at the meeilig. dicammit greater particular Tho officers and men at the ly Marshal Tito was a meeting expressed full support
London, Oct. 21 the military. technical Warsaw today - and de
political life," Warsaw
Coup D'Etat
witness or his defence of for the rescations and stand of In Honduras distalinisation policies at Warsaw woricory, strod the
unshakabla
unity of soldiers with the working?2; demanded
for.
demola and
No Troops
Will Be Sent
Washington, Oct. 21. The Secretary of State, Mr John Foster Duiles; said today he did not think the United States would send military forces to Poland to aid their break away from Moscow control. "under any circumstances."
a
Replying to a reporter's ques- Interview tion on a televised programme, Mr Dulles said that such move would probably precipitate a world war and that would be the last thing the people of Poland wanted.
INTRUDER
SHOT
Now, York, Oct, 21. A man reported to be former Sovies arenă în bonstant fear of his life, Mr Viktor Kravchenko, shot and critically wounded an intruder in his New York flat last night.
of
the
of
He said that if a foreign ambassador had been rulliy such "interference," he would be declared "persona non grata (not acceptabl~) in
with accordance extablished custom,"
long
an
תם •
OBVIOUS DISPLEASURE
-
The President left no doubt suggested na a arst step toward, then wimultaneously in Moscow, about his displeasure both over eventual durmament, sell London" and Washington, or for contents of Bulganin's The President suld be was lone, government, for makce: the letter and the way in which it disappointed but not curele go with the consent of the was handled.
couraged milk. would continuo 1209da” To fils Reitor to Bulganin, the unrelenting in our efforts to Hagerty wald that when the President pala that "Ruging de- htttlh these male. We will Buget fetter was delivered to livered a tenthy communica, close no doors which might open the State Department on Friody
in the Russian language, a secur have published it before it humanity h could be carefully translated
You
and delivery to me."
Love Daten made the point that t
From Secretary Hagerty was trukdwip. Po delivered until the
what
returned from his western
trip
Hagerty also paid ho expected
cause mis he said, by saying Bulgaria and m-hower go back last night Hand of the necessity of placing pugned his sincerity. Hagerty in
public,
the facts accurately before the reply would only refer report. to make publie on Monday or
I
itors to the translation, or compelled
the Tuesday, the Administration's statement on the H-bomb which release this reply immediately." Bulganin letter
Eisentower said he was not Hagerty mild, that in previous Me- Elsenhower had mentioned instructing the State Deport | Bulganin-Eisenhower exchanges, I would be forthcoming--United. 'ment to reject the letter, as it was the practice, to release › Press,
sometimes 15 done in such instances.
This is not because I am tolerant of these departures trom accepted International
but because I stil practice, enter.ain the hope that direct communications between ป may serve the cause of peace," the President said.
He noted that he and Bul- several
The Federal Bureau of In- vestigation immediately began an Investigation, but senior police canin had exchanged officials dropped a curtain of secrecy over the affair.
They said they had been asked by "a Federal agency not to confirm that the man who did the shooting is Mr Kravchenkʊ. They lated him as "Peier Martin," the name appearing with Mr Krav- chenko's on a licence for the gun.
book
FORCED WAY IN
lotters
And on disarmament other matters and said "I hope that that practice may be re- sumed in accordance with ad- cepted standards."
A "Mirage
CANAL PILOTS DISSATISFIED
The
Port Sald, Oct. 21, Egypilan Sucz Canal
Authority today told Ameri«
to which Americans were ne- customed totally Jacking here.
after
were at present
can pilots who have been com- | Butʼho said he changed his mind plaining about the con ditions of service that the pre sent difficulties would be
"froned out" and they would
bo, given satisfactory treat- meat,
One veteran American called on
being assured that everything possible would be done to make lying conditions comfortable.--Reuter.
the Authority today and mald Bashes In His
he wanted to go home as bis pay was too low and the goods
MAN HOLDS. UP NEHRU'S CAR
Head
Poitiers, Oct. 21.
The driver, Birpo, 82, was
"The United States' has for a Jong time been Intensively
One of two French truck and examining, evaluating
drivers * gaoled here to awnit planning dependable means of
| trial for the grape/of; 'an. Aus- TSUI !****!*CHEE !****! MAN | Flopping the arms, ruce and ro-
tralian girl fractured hla-skull Mr Kravchenko, A former during and controlling oma-
*Calcutta, Oct. 21. by butting his hood against the Army intnis," Eisenhower said, captain in the Soviet
Police arrested a man who al- wall of his coll today. and author of the anti-Stalinist But he said any such plan
"I Chose Freedom,
m" would be "simply a mig" if legedly obstructed, er en rushed to a city hospital, where sought ngylum here dra 1944. It did not include systems of the Prime Minister, Mr Nehru,
at-
his condition was reported es He has reported, several
ond inspection control, both of here today.
The man, wh
whom pollee Later "grave. tempts on his lle by Soviet which your government bas
lop are. things agchis here.
Biton steadfastly refused to accept. described as "haf lunatle," was
Elsenhower sild Russia has said to have emerged from accused of raping 32-year-old to help Poland break
One report of the shooting rejected over his "open skies crowda lining a street and run Una Murray of Brisbane lush from Soviet control in reply to was that "Martin" sald two system of mutual aerial: In | immediately in front of the August 2 after giving her a ride. another question, said that his men rang his doorhielt, When spection
which the President Prime Minister's car-Reuter: in their truck.-United Press.
Mr
THE GOAL Dulles, liating
that the United Stalks could do
of
Die
away
government was trying to ket he opened his door, they forced
freedom. of alivo the idea
their way inside and begin to throught auch media as the Voice beat him
America and Radio Free
He broke away, rushed to the Europe.
The Coal he said was to bedroom and got a 38-calibre "great monolithic revolver. One man knocked it that is now the out of his hand with a potter. structure! Soviet empire break up into He fell to the floor, clutched the lia natural constituent parts, gun and shot the man in the resulting in greater indepen, stomach, this report said, derico for what are now the Soviet satcilits states, •
BIG_THREE POLICY
од
The critically wounded man, identified as Michael Gorein, :21," a piano student, was' admused by police of felonious assuilt.
MAN'S STORY
Mr Dulles, asked whether the United States had a commoni His companion, Joseph Rule, policy with Britain and France 25; escaped but was; picked - up
the Polish dtuation, wild by police later, that his government had been m in touch with them constantly!
In the part he contimated, the United States had been
mort consistently concerned than the with the so-called question liberation of the
·satollito' statas®
the recenYalta Lalks. Mr
Washington, Dok 21. Khrushchay, like Cleopatra,'
The American State Depart may find to his distress that political life, the radio added.", ment announced); r this/...reening an asp is not an ideal - (This da: the first reported that a milliary junts had solved bosom friend. In Russia, mocung in which members of power from the government of events in Poland will un- the Polish forces are said to lowers this afternoon. British and French governments-fat in the house On leaving doubtedly encourago those have taken part in support of
Walchu control on the Name Changed havo handed over his powers to hun bon a tooling in
who favour reimposing a
democratiation)Itepter
satollites. "and" pornana
MY Khrushchev can nee
modas✨ himself wit
troup** la 12, cart
Awithi
(City/Counsellor : Blalind -
Herduras President, Jullo Lozano, was reported to
the Junta, The Stato, that eled, tonight" available
back the Fooup; d'atai-i
ha added, "that don saidianis might werni or ward Chaithred)
were now in closer this question thinks th
Ho ald Garcia and he had gone with a friend to another Ruis found he had left pana kays bebind, but could; not re- member which flat they hind vislied "They rang:Martin's bell to get back into the buildings Martin”: demanded who they
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