1955-11-15 — Page 4

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THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 16, 1955.

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World Copyright by arrangement with the Manchester Guardian

THE FIRST OF A SERIES ON THE LIVES OF ORDINARY PEOPLE WHO HAVE

HELPED THEIR COUNTRY TO RISE AGAIN FROM THE RUINS OF WAR

The Germans I Knew

-After

Saarland.

EN years ago, when I was

T

a roving correspondent in Europe, I spent many months living among the

Germana,

Their whole world lay ahat- their tered in rubble around ankles, The little people of Ger- many were making news, history, and headlines. By living among them I was able to report their thoughts and reactions as well as their deeds.

Now, ten years later, I am back here again to try to find Bome of those same Germans I interviewed then.

For it is in the daily lives of the little people that history in the making is lived. Their story today is the story of how Ger- many, in ten short years, has miraculously risen from its ruins to become once again a strong economic Power.

Restless million

IT is they, day by day, who per- formed this mircle. It is they we must reckon with tomorrow. So I made a call on Maria Schmidt. We were friends when

Ten Years

By RHONA CHURCHILL

First British woman to cross the Rhino,as the Allies advanced, war correspondent Rhona Churchill walks in distinguished company.

This was illegal and

there-

one of the big majority who fore, doubly thrilling for young but within minutes

Willi have just voted against Europeanisation of the Saar.

the French who reinstated them.

CAUTION AND CONFUSION

RELIGION IN THE PEOPLE'S CHINA

F

By Stephen Garnett

EW who BBW the institutions recognised by the photograph of the State and subservient to Stato does not extend to Italian

Roman Policy. It

those who may dissent from a Catholic Bishop reorganisation of this kind. Alphonse Ferroni taken just That, broadly, has been the after his release from four practice in Soviet Russia, and years' captivity in China can bring followedations that it is

Chi easily have dismissed

Mr It explains

Ch, which En-ini's from their minds, When he statement at Bandung that the crossed the frontier he was existence of millions of Muslims,

Buddhists, Protestants wearing with impressive Catholics "is no obstacle to the dignity a black Chinese robe internal unity of and the sort of cap, still When When

and

unity is

that in t preserved ceremonially in endangered, as Chinese domestle propaganda declares it is now some Western univeralties,

endangered, It

It is logical from which crowns the portraits the Communist viewpoint to of learned men of the attribute

at least part of the Renaissance. His eyes stared trouble to what we might call

the "private sector" emaciated to

of fixedly from

religion to people, for example, whose Buddhism bogan 2,500 years ago

face.

an

"You cannot change my rather than with the omelal doctrine of A leader of the mind, you cannot change my "public

sector, ** like Deputy ideas," he was reported 88 Governor Hsljao-chiatsu. saying, over and over again,

when people tried to Contradictory question him in order to help him.

And then, as he was led off to hospital suffering (it was said) from the delirium produced

To carry logic further, why Trot destroy region altogether? That is the question which, ac- cording to the organ Chinn Youth, is being frequently asked. The authoritative answers to side of practical 10 mutter dazedly: "The caution The Communist prin-

bry

and Intensive

he was heard it are on the

lights....the broadcasts.

alpica are reasserted. He looked in that pleture like religion Galileo after his trial, marmur-

ing his heretical belief in the people."

Lorins

ourth's

move,"

Of course

is the "oplum of the Or Course the two of world outlook, motion yet it does materialistic and idealistic, are Ho looked Uke a symbol contradictory and cannot bo of all those men, some famous, many unknown, who in suCCES- sive ages have maintained their beliefs in the face of persecution.

Persecutions

And then one remembers that Galileo Was

reconciled.

Chairman Mao repeated this long ago in his lecture "On New Democrady. But, in spite of this, he

pointed out that for practical ends "we Communists may work in a united front for political action with people who or Idealistic com- profess religious demned by the Church. In past beliefs." history the persecutions of inde-

It is shown to be inexpedient pendent thought hayo more of the present time to proceed often than not been carried out by legislation against belicts widely held by millions on whom the future of China depends. I

ʊ

scientist

The French found that to follow rigidly denazification laws meant to run unproductive mines and sleetworks. Being a trugal and practical people they wasted little time in ordering Herr Schmidt and, son-in-law

tors nastrt the authority of "People can break any idol, back to work, in their old poal-scientific realism." And in the writes Wen Ching in

tions of authority.

In the name of some is also shown to be ineffective.

religion.

Today Under munist dictatorships the регвеси-

**without

China docit, along with other defaul- Youth, "but cannot

wash ters, stand those who claim the 'divinity" off the brain of Turn for better right to follow their religion. religious followers." The time lis As it happens, the Chinese nut you. "Draw the bow to the Communist press has given fun," is the slogna attributed some publicity during 1988 to

Chairman Моо the taste of religious freedom letting go the arrow.”

little dis- an issue previously cussed in China. It was notable that at the Bandung Conference, in April

Mr Chou En-lai

Religion, it is emphasised, is found it

declaring that, a highly complex problem, but although "we Communists are not an eternal one. It is noted atlisis, nevertheless "Caina

THE

THEN the French stabilised the currency and made their wweekly wages worth working for. Life took a turn for the better and has never looked back.

Herr By the time

Schmidt qualified for his pension he not only got it without question but found it was larger than that of a German miner.

Complex Problem

that Soviet Russia has mado

18 @ ⚫ country where there is Boma progress in the struggle freedom of religious bellets

Such a acknowledges

and it is religion, against at least statement

thst prophesied

when the that outside the mastery over natural forces' is frontiers religious finally

communist toid

All this Herr Schmidt me in a matter-of-fact while explaining why he had voted "Nein" to the European- isation of the Sear

freedom is an acceptable human malt away. www

principle, so that, the removal of anxieties on that score would be of service to China's external

relations.

Into The Open

achieved, religion will

There is no one who will not wish the Chinese people well in such great projects as that of the mastery of the Yellow River "China's

SOSTOW." But

can even a Marxist be confident that that in itself will dispose of To consolidate the

Emlier, in Saarbrucken, a noted Saarland Journalist had told me: "This election WILS really a choice between heart and head, and in politics

Inside China, 1955 has been a religion? the German's heart generally leads

year marked by a drive against materialist triumph will it not "counter-revolution" 80 wide then be As his head."

Herr Schmidt unfolded his story I realised how true this was.

the

What else?

the

to

龋

necessary to abolish

spread and intense that it has death? penetrated every field of activity.

If the

argument seems idle, This too has brought questions it still appears that the Com- of religion into the open, since munists are

The

dangerous 10 2013ilon "How lo that.

One side presented their case

almost desperately I was learning German and

the campaign bas not been mxious to establish at free as a genuine attempt by

Joine she housewifery in a finish. Young Willi, then ten, was ing to make a choice

Westem European nations

merely—or everi chiefly against argument. ing school in the Black the pride and joy of the elections"

They were Uving on bean bring peace and prosperity for sabotage or violent rebellion but

Roman Catholic Bishop I spent

the holl- family. He was musical and soup and potatoes and look- all time to Saarlander against

⚫ every species Forest.

of may have been represented as On

influence, a the symbol of foreign days with her family. gifted. Prior to 1985 his ed thin, threadbare, and miser which, idealistically, is what it "dangerous thought,

father let him wear a Hitler able. This was the picture of was.

answor given by Party and tool of imperialism, or something them I retained for ten years, Strictly speaking she is Jugend uniform in the house till I knocked on their door last

Government to the

Would it not have must been enough, even so, to have not a German--not at the on Sunday.

depend the degree of religious prevented him from converting week. moment. She is one of a

freedom permitted in an authori- others? Why sock to overt million restless Saarlanders

They wore not expecting me,

him? Why the lights, the THE the table other, rim by the Saar'starian State.

Amonst

subversive organisa- casts, the solitary confin wan Indeni with thickly allced neo-Nazis, told Saarlanders:

tions which have` been

brainwashing that d the French hamn,

French "A Ja' vote is the vote at creamy

"uncovered" in the course of end broke down? Herr Schmidt wasn't unduly farm butter, steaming

French traitor,”

One this drive, porno are described as

cannot ovon tsk such sorry when Will went to war, coffee, and lots of good, whole- Shades of Adolf Hitler, It having Trolet or Christien con questions without recognising

had a case some black bread. The Schmidt reminded Herr Schmidt too I knocked on the door of He thought Hitler

nogtions. But the tradition of how deeply Chinese minda must He himself had Coffic safely larder was full-viller her little semi detached through the

societies is strong in be confused and disturbed by the vividly of what had happened secret 1014-18 war. It mine, and fuller than at

of after 1935 for him to be quito

and there is no means of demands

their Imported home to find out why, would be all over in six months, other time in their lives.

happy about it.

wing what part, if any, ro materialist theories: anyway, and Will did look

Bigion

· plays in active counter- Maria is a very typical very handsome in his Wehm- jacket. "It's French,"

Herr Schmidt showed me his'

revolution. There le no doubt, Saarlander-daughter of a echt grey.

however, that it la biomed' for

Jorta coalminer, wife of a steel-

all

of mlademennour (in- worker, she was born into a

dicating a failure to respond to Communist programme, particul- German-owned.Saar in 1913.

arly in the "minority Kreas." In 1919 it passed, as spoils 18.00 of war, to France. 15.00

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Still hopes

than any

not

are

Changed lives Germans, with all the cd in-

Dissenters

he sald Anschluss, with Germany then proudly. "Pure tool. German trad

brought prosperity, wealthy Saar, fackets are still mainly syn. The potentially thetic" Ten years ago he'd have ence wooed and won, had be sworn, he would go round in come the poor relation of the rags rather than wear anything Berlin Chancellery. French.

But first and foremost Herr A PICTURE of him stands on the mantelpiece of No. 14, in

Schmidt and his family Marla grew up to hate all the little grey street of minera

This grained German prejudices, Bo

was illustrated in' ther 25.00 things French. Her father, colleges. It is all that is left

they were easy mest dor contribution of Haliso-chistso, of the pride and joy of the a German miner, hewing Schmidt family.

had mellowed with Schmelder, just as they bad | Chaireasar of the Buddhist Asso- Hia comrades DUT ho 25.00 coal for France under French think he died along, on Dthe years. He told me his boen for Hitler.

ciation. to the denunciation of the "Hu Teng counter- masters, was easy prey for stretcher, in a Polish No Man's homeland had greatly benefited

'*I: voted : “Nein" because as a revolutionary clique" by the 7.50 Hitler. With wild enthusiasm

He may have frozen to from its coonomie union with

Neighbours. 7.50 the whole family

say they France. He laughed as he re- trua Gemman, I felt I must be National People's Congress at voted heard his voice on the Busstare called how the French had told me 60 did all my family. the end of July.

Haiju-chlagwo We themselves into Hitler's Ger- radio in 1946, saying he was a poured into the tulevad from about what we have done. We Deputy Governor of Chingtial, is

are not entirely happy who hails from Tibet, and la now 5.00 many in 1985.

prisoner and woll. HE mother unlimited quantities of fats still hopes and prays. His father the French countryside and fruit are old enough to be able to of course, a good Buddhist" in

the Communist sense. has stopped hoping.

and sugar from North Africa, understand the dificulten

He complained that, pesmitive as soon as they took it over, may be making for ourselver I vidtod this family ten years: Rationing ended,

the Schmidt and for Western Europe

religious and the spreading Maria

nervy, woopy) tumity come out in spota, got "But what else could we do?

Rumours, blere ), Interfering Then they put on What

production thé stock- 15.00 TT was the first and last feared she was a war widow. Indigestion:

'élan "did you expect? - Herr Schmidt was drightened weight."

wane zikling neons and that the pro-- 1,50 free yote Maria, now 42, chat, having been a Nazi, he

Why did Western Europa

the motion of co-operatives WAS 1.50 over had, until the recent would lose his job wand lia pan-

while both. Herr us to voter Why dont

resisted. To neglect the 5.00 would bring her heaven on future under France, but happy, the was captured by us and Strasbourg and theth tell

- to be separated 30 earth. Instead the whole from a ruined Germany.

coomonically quickly sent home) were with their decision?"

out work and their future looked. ·1, 100, wonder suby, family found somethink akin

bloak. Both had held positions to hell.

I wrote then: "They are hope of responsibility and both buel

TOMORROWi ink that either Britain or been mikor Nazis, SOUTH CHINA MORNING POST LTD. and to atay with them America will compy and roverts Under Alled Military Lane al

wod Naxia, ini, positions of when" "they" WORK

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Outline Kalle? Map of Hong Kong

ƐHONGKO

For a

די

plebiscite. ́ ́ ́Shb· thought it slon. They were moured of a Schmidt: and Maria's husband politicians' just argue it out at red joduction; "he mid);

the Bear, for, Kang YORKY

be

was "an inmult to Buddhism. “ *Freedom of fally: cuild Frostind obly after sikis had been thoroughly

“In other words, “freedom of 20lok? Inyech the Coenzymist Blade comes only after, religion:

i

POCKET CARTOON

by OSBERT LANCASTER

Por

stop

Mighsetmiakoetty that there's

་