1953-12-30 — Page 14

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THE CHINA MAIL WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 30, 1953.

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS

V

ICTORY

"TRIUMPH AND. TRAGEDY," CHAPTER 38

THE POLISH PROBLEM

STILL

UNRESOLVED

ihe

of

our

to over Japan wanted

extend the swollen population. For the The President maintained that that if the importance of secrecy portant matter, because was neither the most western frontler of Poland future peace of Europe here was as China was a member of the and quiet for those engaged in position with regard to it was dificult

Council as the Conference were explained unique-namely, the demobilisa – a wrong beside which Alsace World Security nor per- along the river Oder to

Lorraine and the Danzig Corridor ought to have a say In the to them they would take their Afon or transfer to their home- haps the most far where it joined the Western were trifles. One day the Ger- European settlement, and he exclusion with a good grace. land of the Polish forces that reaching of the problems Neisse; Roosevelt, Eden, and mans would want their territory admitted that the new United Stalin irritably asked what all had fought with us in the war,

organisation

fell we which confronted us at the I

would the journalists wanted, and Mr When France

had had Insisted it should back, and the Poles would not Nations

leave little scope for meetings of Truman said that each of us had evacuated all Poles who wished Potsdam Conference, Ger- stop at the Eastern Neisso, be able to stop them.

the Foreign Secretaries of the his own representative to stand to come-about 45,000 men--and many had collapsed; Europe All three heads of Govern-

"Big Three."

between him and the Press. Wo bullt up from these

mich, and must be rebuilt. The soldier monts had publicly bound

had como All this seemed to me some had agreed to exclude them, and from others who the themselves

Yalta to

and elsc- at must go home and

matters should be left as they through Switzerland what premature. I feared a

were. I submitted to the where, a Polish Army, which refugee return, if he could, consult the Polish Govern-

dissolution of the Grand to his country. Above all, ment, and to leave it to the THE first plenary session of Alliance. A World Organisation, that I thought and still had finally reached the strength

that a public explanation of some five divisions. a Pence Conference the nations must make

if we the Conference was held at open to all and all-forgiving, would have been better.

There were about 30,000 Polish Ave o'clock on the afternoon of might be both diffuse and power- peace in which they could could not agree.

Tuesday, July 17. Stalin pro- less. Free elections in Poland The Foreign Searctaries then troops in Germany, and a Polish live together if not in com-

that posed

President should fort, at any rate in freedom This was the best we had take the chair. I supported this, reminded my colleagues that produced their plan for drafting Camps of three divisions in Italy the Earopena pence treatles, in a highly excited state of mind and safety.

been able to do. But in and

and Mr Truman

accepted our thla practical problem still bay The Council would still

consist

grave moral distress. This I do not intend to recount July 1945, we faced a new invitation. A number of lesser before us. On this we parted. of the Foreign Ministers of the army, totalling, from front to

Mr Russia had ad- problems then appeared.

five Powers enumerated by the rear, more than 180,000 men, had our detailed exchanges in situation.

Truman

that Italy proposed

President, but only those who fought with great bravery and formal conference and

her frontier to in vanced

should join the United Nations,

had signed the articles of sur- good discipline, both in Germans private conversation on all the Curzon Line. This meant and that the Foreign Ministers

render imposed on the enemy and, on a larger scale, in Italy. multitu- as Roosevelt and the urgent and

I had of Great Britain, Russia, Chinn,

State concerned would draw up There they had suffered severe losser, and .had held thoir dinous questions which realised, that the three or France, and the United States

the peace treaties WHEN the Conference met for the terms of settlement. pressed upon us. Many of four million Poles who lived should draft

This wo agreed to, but I was positions as steadfastly as any pettlements

its second session at five and boundary them are still

doubtful about o'clock on the afternoon of July concerned at an American pro- troops un the Italian tront. unsolved, on the wrong side of the

Europe. I was

18 I at once raised another posal to submit the terms to the Poland, for whom Britnin line would have to be moved both these suggestions.

matter which, though outside United Nations. I pointed out meant consulting went to war, is neither free to the West.

Although we had suffered the agenda, was of immediate that if this

of the United heavy nor quiet; Germany is still

hayal Josses in the importance. At Teheran it had every member divided; there is no

we had Mediterranean

much been very difficult for the Press Nations it would be a lengthy

laborious process,

and I THE honour of his Majesty'n had to get near the meeting place, and Italy, and goodwill with Russia.

THE hips and at Yalta

i had been im- should be sorry to agree to it.

Government was thus in- provided 14 out of the 15 ships Russia's share of Poland,

Mr Byrnes sald we were so volved. These troops had fought which Russia claimed from the possible. But now, immediately

Nations gallantly side by side with ours, Poland's share of Germany, N

NOW we were confrosted with tailan Fleet. But I said bluntly outside the delegation area, there bound by the United

would

he and Declaration, but both

troops something much worse. The that the British pe

prowling people and the place of Germany

were 180 journalists

had been scarce. Many had Soviet-dominated Government of and the Soviet Union in the Poland had also pressed for

not easily forget that Italy de- around in a state of furious in- Stalin admitted that reference to at a time when trained

the United Nations could only be die

if I had not clared war on the

Comm

dignation. world, such were the topics ward, not to the Ensters Neisst, wealth in the

made after the five Powers had died, and, even hour of

They carried very which dominated our discus- but to the Western. Much of this

should wish 10 when French

powerful agreed among themselves. I left given pledges in Parliament, we peril,

treat them making it at

at that

honourably, sions, and to which, for territory was inhabited by Ger- greatest

resistance was on the point of weapons and

Then there was Germany. The Stalin said he agreed with and, although

collapse; nor several

could they over- great outery the world Press reasons of space, this

powers of the Control this, and I continued that our millions had fled, many had look the long struggle against about the lack of facilities at exact count must be limited.

the Stalin asked Counell, economic questions, stayed behind. What was her

in North Africa before corded to them.

policy was to persuade as many We had agreed at Yalta to be done with them?

who had let them in.

of the I ex- disposal of the Nazi Fleet, none as possible, not only America came into the war.

with- were ready for discussion, soldiers but also of the civilian that Russia should advance

Stalin was just as doubtful plained that they were not or four million

in the delegation

but "What," I asked, "is meant by employers aren, but Moving three

of the late Polish her western front into.

The Con- Germany?" "What she has be- Government, to go back to their Were about asking China to join the mostly in Berlin. Poles was bad enough. Poland as for us the Cur-

Ministers. ference could only do its work come after the war," sald Stalin. country. But wo must have a more than eight Council of Foreign we to move zon Line." We had always million Germans as well? Even Why should she deal with ques in quiet and secrway, which must "The Germany of 1937," said Mr little time to get over our dif-

which in such a transfer could be con- tions recognised that Poland

ficulties. were primarily be protected at all costs, and I Truman,

Stalin said it was Impossiblę There had been great im- her turn should receive templated, there was not enough European ones? And why have offered to see the Pressmen my-

in Poland in the substantial accessions of food for them in what was left this new body at all? We had self and explain why they had to get away from the war. The provements

of Germany

the European Advisory Commis- to be excluded and why nothing country no longer existed. There last two months, and I cordially German territory. The ques-

we had agreed at could bo divulged until the were no definite

frontiers, no hoped for the success of the new

no frontier guards, Much of Germany's grain came alta to regular meetings of the Conference ended. tion was how much? How

troops Government, which although not merely four occupied zones. At all we could wish.

marked a far into Germany should from the very land which the three Foreign Secretaries.

Poles had seized, and if this was other organisation would only I hoped that Mr Truman length we agreed to take the great advance and was the result she go?

Allies complicate mat'ers, and anyway would see them too. The plum- Germany of 1937 denied us, the Western

as a starting of patient work by the three shelved This

the Great PowerS Con- age of the Press needed to be point.

I had told the would be left with wrecked in- when would

smoothed down, and I thought problem, tund we turned to House of Commons that if there disagreement, Stalin had dustrial zones and a starved and ference be held?

There had been

peace

ac-inang,

much

·

NATHANIEL

LL right, old man, if you want to scuttle out of the Suez Canal that's your affair.

Nobody tues talking about scuttling, old man.

used

We might nol have the word, old man, but if giv-

life line of the ing up

Em

pire at the orders of an upstart dictator Isn't scuttling, then you can cail me the Queen of Sheba.

I have no intention of calling you the Queen of Sheba, old to know is, mar. All I want

"What is your alternative?"

My alternative 13 very simple, old man. A couple R.A.F. the of squadrons of could blow Egypt to bits in 20 ininutes.

old

man.

I think It would take a

that, little longer than

old All right, then, Half an hour. A few hundred tons of bombs on Cairo and Nagulb would be eating out of our hands Egyptians are not

the sort of people who can take it, old man.

But

Probably not, old man, they're full of low cunning. I suppose you mur have heard

of the Russian Army?

Naturally, old man. I'm not abo of Nye Bevan's Bitish lunatics living in a twilight.

The Gold Rem

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ROOM

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political

man.

Strategist No. 1. (drawn by Gubbins.) Nobody said you were, old. In that case I can't see what the Russing Army's got to do with Egypt.

Let me try to explain, old man.

Certainly. Fire - away, 'old

man.

and

to

the Peace

An-

⚫erc

GUBBINS

Strategist No. 2, (also by Cubbins.)

visualise

course.

Poland.

immediate

Lublin (Communist]

were

Polish soldiers who had

1 hoped

fought at our side and did not want to go back we would take them into the British Empire,

Of course, the better the con- ditions in

Poland, the more Poles some of the advan- STALIN thereupon proposed the would go back, and it would

transter to the help If the new Polish

Govern tages this fortunate young man

Poles "of ment would assure them their might have enjoyed if they

freedom and had interfered with a condi- all stocks, assets, and all other, livelihood and

to Poland would not victimise

them for tion which would have proved property belonging

of their former allegiance. disposal of interesting both from a person-which is still at the

Polish the

Government in that, with continued improve al and medical point of view it 300

London, in whatever form this ment in Poland, most of these allowed to take its natural

property may be and no matter people would roturn and become where or at whore disposal this good citizens of the land of their advantage property may prove to be at the fathers, which had been liberated obvious

moment." He

by the bravery of Russian Mr Hockendoner present

for wanted the Polish armed forces, armies.

Stalin said he appreciated our living he could have inc good used .one stomach

marine, to be subordinated to prob to the Lublin Poles. This led me former rulers of Poland, and in problems. We had sheltered the and with solids

the other

to speak at some length. to deal with liquids.,

spite of our hospitality they had The burden Jay on British caused us many difficulties. But Although I have no wish to shoulders. When their homeland the London Polish - Government introduce a personal note here, had been overrun and they had still existed. They had means I think that your many india been driven from France many of continuing their activities in erations, over the years might Poles had sheltered upon our the Prese

One

is that if

also

ever developed a taste including the Navy and merchant

of

and elsewhere, and sfemed less formidable if

There was no shares.

worth-

This they had their agents, to I

had been lucky enough

property belonging to the made a bad impression en all have the help

twin

win Polish Government in London. I the Allies. brother. A twin brother would said I believed there was about also have proved his worth $20,000,000 In gold in London

alternative stomach at feasts and Canada. don't remember calling and festivals such as Christmas. frozen by us, since It was an anybody a lily-livered pacifist, old man. And what's more, I'm not accustomed to being called an old-fashioned reactionary,

1

Nobody called you an old- fashioned reactionary, old man In that caso I must be get ting deal, old man.

So must old man,

Well, old man, vou mus know,

as the Egyptians know,

I rather hoped this was go- that international affairs have ing to be a friendly argument, become so

Involved that you old man. · · can't start a little war ati- 1 rather hoped ED, old

without running the

111

Bank of

I

had no

This had been

For instance, I could have asset of the Central been on duty during Christ Poland

SAID " we must face facts, mas Eve while my brother re- Unfreezing and moving it to a Tho London Government mained in reserve for Christ

Polish Bank must follow was liquidated in the official and Central mas Day. Then when he was the normal channels for such diplomatie sense, but it was im- knocked out I could take over transfers. It was not the proposible to stop its individual on Boxing Tay.

perty of the Polish Government members living and talking to An arrangement like this in London" and they

people, including journalists and It pos-power to draw upon it. There former sympathisors. Moreover, would have made

hangover was of course the Polish Em- we had to be careful about the sible to endure

which was Polish Army for if the situation stomach while the bassy In London, in one

ni and freat after open and available for a Polish was mishandled there might be other,

mutiny 24-hour rest, would be in Ambasador as soon as the new position world man. Perhaps we'd better for

to accept any Polish Government cared to send war. If you blew Egypt to bits get it,

breakfast you cared to send on--and the sooner the better. how do you know the Russians

with fe In fact, stomachs, you might have lived itde longer, fuller, and happier life, : always ɛɛntị the top of your fórma;-always ready to do more work, and therefore able to afford

where

risk of touching of a

Perhaps we had, old man.

wouldn't take her side and blow Good-night, old man,

us to bitat

llow do they know we

wouldn't blow them to bits

first, old man?

We can't blow everybody to

bits, old man.

Good-night, old man.

Letter To A Stomach

Perhaps not, old man, though MY DEAR STOMACH,

#

I asked Stalin to put his trust and confidence in his Majesty's. Government and give us reason- able time. In return everything. possible should be done' to make Poland an encouraging place for Mr Truman declared that he N view of this one might well the Poles to go back to the mentalew the Polis veiny babe (undamended, durerences luxuries your stomachs could ment had been ananced during between us, I had, baked digest.

their 5 years in the United reasonable amount of time, aruh Kingdom. The answer was that Stalin had undertaken to drop Taking all these points into it had been supported by the shy of his propos which would if you're going to scuttle out SURGEONS Pittsburgh; consideration, I am therefore British Government we had complicate the lacus. The best

LU.S., who discovered that convinced that the American pald the Poler about £120,000,000 thing

was, for the Foreign in caso the Russian blow us to. Paul Hockendoner, aged 18, had surgeons were guilty of a grave to finance – their Army and Secretaries to discuss these bite we might as well give up. two stomachs, removed, the error of judgment in

Bervice, and to points; but he hoped the Yalta Glue up what, old man?

second enable thein to look after Poles agrement would be carried out Give up the Empire and

they who had wought refuge

Stalin then suggested referring marblend!

Seokotarler, S

it might not be bad idon. But

of every place in thể Empire

at

| stay at home", and play, ability of this operation would were, guilty of cruelty because, ishoras. Krom the. Gorong'otar, ha' anon as possible, fol

I don't sed any reason" why we should play marbles, old.

And I don't son why", we should give up, our rights, be- cause “a few Illy. Osts are tripfitened

additional organ.....

Hookendoner moving Diplomatie Your views ; on. the advies stomach. 13 also. think

be appreciated.

Dear Sir

so far as I am aware, this lo When we had disavowed the the whole matter to the Forelan The first Yours faithfully,

Ume stomach has Polish: Gavernment in London QUBBINS, and companion, to talk to and: · recognised: the net and discuss events of the day Provisional Polish Gurify the fenely, dark hours it wa

In reply, to you? lätter","1 have ......to, that *havo!

õnad: the

unda

of the night when stomach months astery whoold

all

Hoping this letter of mouldyled be: diam ducti-plariation/meata with Your Modi Wold »have been that, the privalere

have diami