1953-12-15 — Page 4

THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, DECEMBER 15, 1953.

"TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDY“

CHAPTER 27

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In February, 1945, Gen.

Karl Wolff, the S.S.

Commander in Italy,

By Sir Winston Churchill

made contact through time was watching the crossing

Italian

Intermediaries of the Rhine.

8 he himself appeared considered

unfounded charges about our

Francisco in these conditions

heart of Germany almost without resistance on the part of the Germana, but why was it necessary to conceal this from the Russians, and why the

were

your Allies,

19 calleti in question, and with the American In- Gen. Elsenhower

forming was much that quite definite in upset,

the and secred deeply telligenco Service

Britain and up by United States against breach Switzerland. On March stirred with anger at what he

mnost unjust and of Yalta understandkige now is necessary if such a meet- Ing is to have any value.... said that as a

military he would Should

negotiations break out

this [Eisen- how: 's] front, which is not a secondary possible to keep

England front like Italy, it will

In Zurich and was told-

good

faith,

that there could be no military commanderonal sur.

the

d. A

FLO

be

on

the military and the political uspects separate. In my view the Russians should be the start, and we in from should carry on in cccordance with duty, our

our obvious advantage, and our plain

Ume

HD

right

My

their

behalf

Conversations

Berne at considered post- poning her departure, In fuot she went, and was received with the utmost goodwill..

★

Russians, not notified?

Aa result of this, at the present moment the Germans on the Western Front in fact have ceased the war against

the and tho

United Slates. At the same time the Germans continue the wor with Russia, the Ally of England

the and

United States....

It

Wo consider that. Flold- Marshal Alexander has full right to accept the surrender of the German army of 25 divisions on his front in Italy, and to discuss mich with

German

matters who

trivoys have the power to settle the terms of capitulation. Never- theless we look aspecial card to invite your representatives to this purely

military dis cussion at his headquarters, should it take place,

In fact, resulted

however, nothing from any contacts Our Officers

in Switzerland,

returned

from

Switzerland

without having succeeded in

Axing a rendezvous

Kesselring's

for

In Italy

emissaries Of all this the адус Government

to come to, Sovict

been fully informed step by step by Field-Marshal Alexander or by Sir Archibald Clark Kerr

well as through United States channels....

It to sow distrust between us was the German intention A hog

for the certainly moment been successful.

*

question of negotia accept the

render of any body of enemy tions -

uncondlops on only

front, from a his troops on tional Burrender.

entire army; company A week later a second the regarded this

exploratory. meeting purely military matter, and that with Wolff in Zurich he had full authority to accept surrender without ask- a Fuch was attended by the ing anybody's opinion. British and American

If, however, political matters immediately Chiefs of Staff from arose, he would

THIS accusation angered the Italy in disguise.

consult the Governments,

President deeply. His strength was at this fcared

that it the Russians

Into a question about to visit the Soviet Union did not allow him to draft his own reply. Gen. Marshall REALISED at once: were brought

"Ald of her surrender of Kesselring's on

to framed the following answer that the Soviet Gov- forces, what could be stard by Russia" fund, but so intense

Roosevelt's approval. ornment might be himself in an hour might be was the Russian suspicion about with.

errainly did not lack gour, Auspicious of a prolonged for three or four tho

President Roosevelt to Marshal

Stalin

5 Apr 45 separate military surrender weeks, with heavy losses to our that I even

I have received with as- in the Sauth, which would troops.

tonishment your message of enable our armies to ad- He made it clear that he

April 3

FTER quoting some of the containing оп vance against reduced op- would insist upon all the troops

more insulting phrases from ellegation that arrangements which

ween Mololov's letter I continued: between were mado Vienna under the officer making the position as far as

surrender laying

down

Field-Marshal Alexander and

the interests of Anglo- still until April 3 I received from the

Russian and beyond, or. indeed to arms and standing

President the startling Text

Kesselring at Berne "per-

relations His Ma- Government Healy's

decided wards the Elbe or Berlin.

further orders. of his interchanges with Stalin, they received

mitted the Anglo-American would be Moreover, as all our fronts so that there round Germany

to President were part possibility of their being trans- These were the telegrams:

ferred across Germany to with- Marshal Stalin

Roosevelt

3 Apr 45 Allied war, stand the Russians. He would. of the whole

received

your havo the Russians would natural- also at the same time advance

on the question of message ly be affected by anything through

surrendered

negotiations in Berne. You are done on any one of them. troops as fast as possible to the

absolutely right that, in con- nection with the affair re- If any contacts were made.

I thought myself that

garding negotiations or in- with the enemy, formal

left to his

American formi, they ought to be told in matters should be good time. This rule was scru- discretion, and that the Govern

ments should only intervene if pulously followed.

issues arose. There

stage any any political was at no

should why we question of concealing anything did not see from the Russians. The Allied break our hearts if, owing to expresentatives then in Switzer- masa surrender in the West, wo

explored land even

ways of got to the Elbe, or even farther. Jock Colville smuggling a Russian officer in to before Stalin,

private Prime Minister's Join them: If the Soviet Govern- [the

me that I send someone. ment wished

secretary] reminds

་་། evering: Оле March 21 Mr Eden accord- sald to hen they

dis- ingly instructed our Ambassador Mardly like

to

East

these

to consider

130

these

my

in Moscow to inform the Soviet membering Germany until Government of these happen- doubts about Rusin's intentions ings. This he did. Next day have bece cleared away." Molotov hunded him written

a

reply, which

contained the following expressions:

In Berne for two weeks, behind the backs of the Soviet is bearing the Union which brunt of the tvar against Germany, negotiations have been going on between the of the Ger- representatives

man military command on the one band and representatives of the English and American commonds on the other.

SIR Archibald Clark Kerr [the British Ambassador) of course

the Soviet had explained that

what had 'oC- misunderstood

and that there "negotia were no more than attempt to test the credentials authority of Gen. Wolff. cornment was blunt

ដរា

Molotov's

"In this in- and Insulting stance," he wrote, "the Soviet Government sets nct mis- understanding, but something Worse,"

In the face of so astonishing a. charge it noemed to me that sijenog was better than coniest in abuse.

At the same time it was necessary to warn our military

in the West.

commanders

both

to

accordingly showed Molotov's Insulting letter Montgomery hower, with whom

and

to ELECT-

I at this

MINUTED to Mr Eden on

March 25:

Further reflection convinces me we should send no answer to the insulting letter from Molotov. I presume you have already

Ing ou

sont a copy of it ta the State Department, point- out in no spirit of com-

that

they who articularly wished that the Russians should not come to

was

Banglo

of the command with the German

command somewhere in Berno or some "has developed other place,

of fear and distrust deserving regrets."

an atmosphero

You insist that there have

been no

troops to advance to the east, and the Anglo Americans promised in return to case for the Germans tho peaco

terms."

In my previous messages to you in regard to the attempts inade in Beruo to arrango a conference to discuss surrender, of the German have sold Army in Italy I

that (1) no negotiations were held in Berne: (1) that

the meeting had no political Implications whatever, (LI). that in any surrender of the there enemy army in Italy negotiations yet. It may be

assumed that you

could be no violation of our CURALL

of agreed have

principle not yet been fully in-

surrender; sonditional formed.

(iv) that Soviet officers would be welcomed at any meeting that

be might

to discuss arranged

comTM

.

As regards my military col- Icagues, they, on the basis of data which they have on hand, do not have any doubts that the negotiations have taken place, that and

common they have ended in an agreement with the Germans, on the basis of

which the German mander on the Western Front, Marshal Kesselring

has agreed to open the front and

in the Anglo-American permit Troops to advance to the cast, the Anglo-Americans have promised In return to case for the Germans the peace terms.

and

I think that my colleagues

Switzerland-and-that-Alexan-are close to the truth. Other-

der should cool with the mat- ter on a purely military basis. I am sure the right thing now absolutely in line is to get

the United States, with which should be easy, and meanwhile lo Molotov and lls master wait.

And later on the same toy:

We should ask the United Sintes where they stand and whether they will now agree to д telegram from the President and me to Stalin, and, secondly, whether this should,

cover

Do you say,

other toples-0.g., "accèss to Poland, treatment of Our prisoners, Imputations against our good faith about Berne, Rumains, &c.

Mololov's refusal to go to San Francisco is no doubt the expression of the Soviet dis- pleasure. We should put it to Roosevelt that the whole question

going 10 San

of

опе

The

wise,

could not have understood the fact that the Anglo-Americans have

Berne fused

admit to representatives of the Soviet command for participation in the negotiations with the

Germans.

cor-

10

оп thir

I also cannot understand the silence of the British who have allowed you respond with ma unpleasant

and they matter themselves remain silent, al though it is known that the Initiative in this whole affair the negotiations in Herne with

the British, belongs to

I understand that there are for the certain

advantages Anglo-American troops as a result of these separato negotiations in Berne or some other place, since the Anglo- the American troops get possibility to advance Into the

STEPHEN POTTER writes about

THE PITFALLS

BEING

LORD PETER WIMSEY, Instruction is

POLITE

OF

A

wor

un-

the advantage of our war effort against Germany, which today gives excellent promise of an early success in a disintegration of the German armies, 1 must continue

that you to assume have the same high confidence and truthfulness

I have always

in your With a belief in my personal re- liability and in my deter- mination to bring about, fo- gether with you, an uncondi flonal surve

surrender of the Nazis,

my reliability that

had in Wildens

I

it is astonishing that a bellet scemg to have reached the Soviet

Government that have entered into an agrce- ment with the enemy without Arst obtaining your full agre¢- ment.

Finally I would say this: it would be one of the great tragedies of history if of the very moment of the victory now within Our grasp such distrust, such lack of faith, should prejudice the entire undertaking after the colossal material and losses of life, treasure involved.

Frankly,

cannot avoid a feeling of bitter resentment toward your informers, who- ever they are, for such vile misrepresentations of my ac- Hons or those of my trusted subordinates,

not to make any reply to this most wounding and founded charge, but to ignore is the reason for what you call

your

This

message to the President "the silence. of the British."

Wa

thought it better to keep silent than to respond to such a message as was sent M. Molotov, but you may by

be sure that

wo were astonished by it and affronted that M. Molotov should im- that pute such

conduct to ua

This, however, in no way affected our

Instructions to Field Marshal Alexander to

keep you fully informed.

Neither is it true that tha initiative In this matter

came,

as you state to the President, wholly from the British, fact, the fuformation Field-Marshal Alexander that the German Gen.

Wolf wished to make a contact in Switzerland wap brought to him

by оп American

agency....

On April 7 Stalin replied to the President's reproach,

In my message of April 3 the point at issue is not that of integrity and trust- worthiness:

have

nover doubted

integrity and trustworthiness / 01' 'Mr

I your

Churchill's either, My point

is that in the course of our correspondence, it has become- evident that our views differ on the point as to what is admissible and what is inad

between one ally missible as

and another.

We Russians think that in on the

13

the present situation

when the enemy fronts, faced with inevitable BUT render, if the representatives

of any one ally ever meet the Germans to discuss surrender, the representatives of another ally. should be afforded an of participating opportunity In such a meeting.

In any CILSO, this is absolutely essential if the ally

In question asks. for such participation. The Americans and British, however, think differently and regard the Russian standpoint

wrong....

also sunt à, copy of his

WAS deeply struck by the last H telegram to me, together with

..Neither I nor Molotov

had any intention "blackening" "anyonu," It is not a matter of wanting to "blacken" anyone, but of our

sentence, which I print fo the following: personal message: Italles. I felt that although Mr Roosevelt did not draft the whole message, he might well have added this Anal strpko Himself. It looked lika an addition or summing-up, an It seemed like Roosevelt himself -

in anger.

The Prime Minister associat- ed himself with the President's reply, and himself sent Stalin' a

of which some patioper The sole and only busines mentioned or referred to, ira

เส

any way in Switzerland was to test the credentials of the German omissary and try to afrango a

between a meeting nomince of Kesselring's with Field-Marshal | Alexarider at

Instruction is by question and ever gets to know anybody. It you say "Mrs Jones, meet my Q: Should a gentleman stop a friend Mrs Brince, this would of Miss Dorothy Sayers, woman whom he knows in the "imply that Mrs Brince is your has never been a favourite street and engage her in con- friend and Mrs Jones not." character of mine. But versation?

As the book unfolds the world A: Yes, for a moment, if it is becomes more horrible, Wimsey there was опе characteristic which I have accessary for him to talk to her world of demon parents. What That is the sort of statement is christening reception?. tea or never been able to forget. that leaves us very nearly, "Nothing more than a

do- Lord Peter know, of where we were. But I was cocktail party. It is not neces-

sary to invite the clergyman." course nobody better-finitely glad to know that "It i#

But worst of all are the that if he found himself in correct to return a smile to one

his headquarters or whom you do not know, since grownups in this Charles Ad- a Bft with a lady, he ought well-bred people recognise each dams world of the things we to take his hat off. But he other." I shall go

on doing might do if we didn't read this went further than that. On this, one occasion he chose a lift with a' charwoman in it, for mong and good Afternoon the opposite direction, wrong; I have tried also "saying good saying "thank you," to look in the sole purpose of taking to members of my family as if when asked. out to dinner, to his hat off for her, tool they were friends but so far leave immediately after coffee; wrong to eat olives more than Was this kind-heartedness, or it hasn't worked very well.

Certain unsuspected pitfalis ono at a time,

book, if we didn't learn, by| heart, that it is wrong when

·

ROITO

having developed differing

points of view as regards the Fights and obligations · of an ally. You will see from my messige to the President that the Russian point of view on

Is this question.

the correct Mily's tights and

enemy of any

each

H

howing discord › between – us.

My messages pro personal and strictly conadential. This makes it possible to speak one's mind clearly and

ad-

frankly. This Itho vantage of couldential com- munications. I

going to However, you

Brü

Frank statement of mina ar offensive, It will make this kind of communication very dimoult,

REITO you

that I bad and have {00

I point in Northern

There were no negotiations in Switzerland even for a military turrender te ot. Kesselring's orily. Stur lour did any political * military plot, as alleged in your

fention of offending anyone. telegram to the President, passed this to Roosevelt, enter into our thoughts, which with the following comment: are not, as suggested, of so I have à feeling that this

A character.

about the best we are going to representatives werd

out

• of them, and immediately. Invited to the certainly, it is, as near as they meeting.

attempted to can get to, an apology al qura arrange in Italy. Had It

(Continued Tomorrow), lakin place and had your ro prosentativos como, they could (World Gopyright, reser have heard every word that p

way it what I call mobblsh:good have been revealed to me. For The Author, in her highly ourable a.

manners which means being a gentleman in order to show you women, it is incorrect to shake individual Engilsh, admits that aro, a gentlemen am not hands with a man unless she her word not final: She sure. But the manner of has heard a great deal about allows a change at any time the

14: Some Good Manners in a Nutshell him.” For anybody, It is "not, situation. demands

correct to look directly into a times, doing a thing in what are, I think, the mobs kind!!

› restaurant – or barber's shop reams & more, sensible way: fa

when passing.790

showing better, Judgment than rbe: peris of Introduction following,the, ricular, accepted: mike ons : marvel that anyone" way?:

(The World's

Bot