1953-12-10 — Page 4

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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, DECEMBER 10, 1953.

SIR WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS

0

N. Dec. 5, 1944, the President had made

now suggestions to Stalin and myself. They were as follows: Each the Council of member should have one vote. Be- fore any decision could be carried out, seven members must vote in favour of It. This would suffice for details of procedure.

All large matters, such as admilling cr expeiling States from the organisation, suppress- ing and settling disputes, regu- Lating armaments and providing armed foreca, would need the concurring votes of all the per- manent members.

was the Veto.

"TRIUMPH AND TRAGEDY" CHAPTER 23

THE VOTE AND

THE

dispute, then it would both take part in the discussions and vote, On the other hand, if there was be a dispute which could

the then settled peacefully. parties to it could not vote.

The Russians, he said, were words, unless the In other "Big Four" vere unanimous, the accused of talking too much Security Council was virtually about voting. It was true they powerless. If the United States, thought it was very important, the U.S.S.R., Great Britain, because everything would be de

China disagreed, then it could cided by vote and they would in the Interested and stop the be

greatly refuse its assent Council doing anything. Here results,

Suppose, for instance, that Mr Roosevelt's proposals nad China as a permanent member de- contained one other refinement. of the Security Council The dispute might be settled by manded the return of Hengkong. the If so, this or that Egypt demanded peaceful methods.

of the Suez Canal, he also would need seven voles, and return

they would not be the permanent members that is assumed

have friends to say, the "Big Four-would alone and would all have to agree, member of the Council (includ- ing the "Big Four") were in- volved in the dispute, it could discuss the decision but could not vote on it. Such was the plan which Mr Stettinius unfolded at this second meeting on Feb, 0.

protectors In and pachaps But if ahy

J

the

VETO

The Prime Ministor opened the second session of the Yalta Conference, on Feb. 6, 1945, by stressing the necessity of French help in occupying Eastern Ger- many as Mr Roosevelt had said that American occupation would be limited· to two years.

The President thought that the United States, might take a larger part in organising peace if the World Organisation (the future U.N.) At the Dumbarton came into being. Oaks Conference the previous Octo- ber there had been no agreement on voting in the Security Council.

vale in the World than one Assembly? Ho suggestol re forring all this to Foreign Ministers.

the three

I also thanked Stalin for his treat step in accepting the President's plan for voting, and cald that the agreement which we had reached would give relief and satisfaction 10 people. Molotova

26

CATE

had

ales

оп

this war have I felt the ros- ponsibility weigh so heavily

the me, even'" in darkest hours, as now dur ing this Conferatice. But now, for the reasons which the Marshal has given, wo s60 "that' we are ch the

crest of

the hill and 'there is before us the

he prospect country.i

open

Do not let us underestimate the difficulties. Nalluns, con-

rades. In aims, have in the

or ten years of war, Thus millions have followed

past drifted apart within five

tolling

the

a vicious circle, falling into pit, and then by their sacrifices mais ng themselves We now have a tors

up again.

chance of avoiding the

of previous

making a sure.

My hope is in the illustrious President of the United States And in Marshol

Stalin, in whom we shall'And the cham- plons of peace, who after smit- the foe will lead us to ing Carry on the trsk against poverty, confusion, chaos, and oppression. That is my hope, and, speaking for England, we shall not be chindhand, In our efforts....

toast to the I propose the broad, sunlight, of victorious pence.

*

TALIN answered., I had never suspected that he could be so expansive,

I am talking as an old man: that is why I' cm talking s

But I want to drink much.

to our alliance, that it should not lose its character of in- timacy, of its free expression

In the history of diplommey I know of, no. Bush close alliance of threa Great Powers as this, when allies, had the

opportunity of

all over the world. surgesion was also a great ad- vance, President Roosevelt was quite right in saying that the position of the Unllei differed from that of the Empire in Uls matter of voting

had four self-governing Dominions, who during the last a notable played part in the international ganisation of peace which had broken down in 1930. All four had worked for

peace and de- Assembly or in the Council.

I said that, as I understood it,

mocratic progress. the powers of the World Or- could not be used

When the United Kingdom ganisation

Britain it she was un- against convinced and refused to agree, that this sort of thing will not Should the Soviet Republies be had declared war against Ger- Stalin asked if this was really happen again?"

members of the World Organisa- many in 1939 all of them had and I assured him was. Mr Eden pointed out that the Jen with votes in the Assembly? prung to arms, although they Mr Eden

then explained that American proposal would make This had been discussed at knew how weak we were.

Cap China or Egypt it impossible.

Oaks, but now he had had no means of compelling in such a care

we create Dumbarton mora obstacles?" could complain, but that no de oven

asked was going to ask for something them to do this, They had done

of views. It freely, of their own accord, on I mid that special different, cision involving the use of force Stalin could be taken without the provision had been made about The Soviet delegation would a matter about which it had only been possible to consult of the Great be content if three, or at any them very partially, NTALIN said that he would

of his Majesty's the unanimity study the proposal and see concurrence

Stettinius Powers. "We have heard of it rate two, of their republics be could never agree to any system sanctions today for the that if he could understand it, but at Coment. and Mr

time," he came original members, namely, which excluded them from the altogether

the Ukraine, White the replied.

Russia, present it was

could be imposed, unless He said he feared that, permanent clear.

All were in position they had held and juri- and Lithuania, of the memberg

made great

fled for a quarter of a century, portant, all had though the three great Powers

Security Council were unani- would were allies today, and

racrifices in the war; they were mous Steps for peaceful none of them commit any act of tilement -- for instance, by

to be invaded and had the first to aggression,

suffered greatly,

"We fully agree," he ended ADMITTED there was a risk

FOR these reasons I could not "with the President's proposal but hear the proposals of the I

of an agitation working up about voting, and we ask that Soviet Government with aganist one of the. Great Power three, or at any rate two, of our feeling of profound sympathy.

say, the British and I could

to mighty founder My heart went out republics should be only say that normal diplomacy members of the World Organisa- Russia, bleeding from her would be playing its part at the

wounds, but beating down the Roosevelt was tyrants in her path. same time. I should not expect tion." This was a great relief

I recognised that a nation of the President to start or to back us all, and. Mr an attack on Great Britain, and I quick to congratulate Molstov.

that everything.

million might well look with certain would be done to stop it,

that Marshal Stall would not make

TUDOR

by ROLEX

a name

to remember

not

new

no

jess

arbitration might be would dis-

generation mended.

in 10 years or the three lenders appear and a would come into power which had not experienced the "war" and would forget what we had gone through,

recom-

I felt equally

first

certain

and its members would con/endly Mant. "I agree we ask?

180

and ve

C

All of us (he declared) want to secure peace for at TALIN and he feared that least 50 years. The greatest disputes about Hongkong or danger is conflict among our Suez might break the unity of

if we remain the three Great Powers. I replied felt

-con- a questfening eye at the selves, because united

the medace the German ence that I appreciated the danger,

stitutional arrangements of is not very important. There- but the World Organisation in no

British Commonwealth, which resulted in our having fore we must now think how way destroyed normal diplomatie

more than lo. secure our unity in the intercourse

the between States, great an alte sa Bupire without THE noxt thing, sald

on the British Picadent, was to invite the I was

one voleo in the Assembly, and World Organisa future, and how to guarantee or small.

glad

that therefore that the three Great Powers on was separate and

apart, talking to us first and trying to (and

China

of coming to a nations to come together. When President Roosevelt had given an find some and possibly

should this be and whom should answer which could in no way France) will maintain a united to discuss ther affairs among

The U.S.S.R. had

refusal of M. be regarded as front, Some system must be themselves. It would be foolish he

he answered.

Mr Roosevelt said that of great masses of people organised Molotov's request. claborated to prevent conflict to Talse subjects in the World

bo there would

in separate republies; the British I pointed out, however, that I between the maln Great Organisation if they might break course

the Great ferences between

Great Empire had large independent must not exceed my personal the unity of the up

Powers in future. Everybody groups living a long way from authority, 1 should like me to As he understood It, the Powers,

States discuss M. Molotov's each other; the United

propomi American proposal was to divide.

"would know about them, and was a cingle unit, with a single with Mr Eden, and perhaps rend "My colleagues in Moscow,"

would be discussed in the all conflicte into two categories said Stalin, "cannot forget what

not Foreign Minister and But It would

no a telegram to the Cabinet, 1939,

from those which required happened in December, -first,

asked to be excused their colonies. sanctions, whether economic, during the Russo-Finnish

other giving a final answer that day. military or

refer and, when the British and the French discussion in the political, secondly, those which could be used League of Nations well. On the contrary i would countries, like Brazil, which had We thereupon agreed to settled by peaceful means,

against

and succeeded in show the confidence which we less territory than Russia but the whole matter to our Foreign

States, Ministers, and expelling Both kinds would be freely isolating

the all had each other and in our more than the United

and at the other end of the discussed. Sanctions could only-Sovie-Union-from-the-League, ability to solve auch probleme scale a number-

of very small- When we met again on the be applied the permanent and when they later mobiliend

Molotov States, Could we stick to ono Afternoon talked following and were against บ members of the Council unanimous, and if one of these of a crusade against Russia, accepted the new scheme. There vote for each ration, or should

was only one thing to be settled the larger nations members was itself a part to the Cannot we have rome guarantee

Powers.

the

114

THE COST

disunity to Council að

OF LIVING

Then

there were

I

WHE have more

DON

GOES UP AND UP IDDON'S

New York, Tuesday, usual up-to-the-minute volu- cclebrities in IFE without fews- minous daily papers. papers, for a news-

I papers, fo

neighbours

Recently

asked

DIARY

and

WHEN we met again on the afternoon of Feb. 8 We to admit two of the agreed Soviet Republies to the United Nations and to hold the first

of the World conference

Or- ganisation on Wednesday, April

257

That night we all dined together with

Yusupov Stalin at the Palace. The speeches were re-

corded, and may be printd here. Among other things, I said:

or is no exaggeration

of a florid kind compliment

when

I say that we regard

Marshal Stalin's life as most

precious to the hopes

precio

hearts of all of us..

and

so frankly expressing their

I know vjews.

that, some circles will regard this remark

as naive.

In

an alliance the allies should not deceive each other.. Perhaps

that is naivo? Experienced

"Why shoulsts may

I not de-

colve my ally" But I as a nalve mon think it best not to. deceive my ally, even if he is a fool. Possibly our alliance is so firm just because we do deceive each other; or 'is

to

It because it is not so eary decleve each other?

toast to the frm- propose ness. of Dur Three-Power

I

Alllance. May It be strong and stable; may we be as frank as possible.

He had no illusions about the diflculties which lay before us. A change has taken place in history, a radical European

It

change, during these days.

is good to have an alliance

of the principal Powers during war. It would not be

a

possible to win the war with- out the allianos.

But an

allionce against the common enemy la something clear and understandable. Far more complicated is an alliance after the war for securing lasting peace and the fruits of vic- tory.

propose a toast for the successful conclusion -of Dumbarton Oaks,

and that bur alliance, born under the stress of battle, be made solid and extended after the war, that our countries should not become engressed only in their own affairs, but should re- member that, apart from their own problems, there is the common cause, and that they should defend the cause of unity with as much enthusiasm in peace as during the war. Even Molotov was in genial mood.

8 we sat at the dinner table There A in this cordial atmosphere

have been many conquerors In

I

the book and fashion departments.

The Chamber of Commerce My

tells me that British goods ate is ⚫ not me: "Is a strike wave holding their own, particularly

brackets, the luxury

but He is packed by big money, going to sweep the United in worth living.

the warns that we will have to press sticlal influence, and plenty of

history, but few of them have Stalin began talking with mo There is a danger that States?"

He has become en Idol

Some of his the strike, called by

been statesmen, and most of about the past. the unions have become more our sales harder and package laknt.

our goods more attractively. to many and playing the role making

them threw away the fruits of remarks remain on record.

Finish war" hósald, photo-engravers' union, may and more restive, and or- We have a big changer in for all he is worth,

vielery in the troubles which Get dramatic appearances and dis-

"began "In the following way. spread and end all publish- ganised labour is openly Western Garmany. The

followed their wars. moved upon the appearances, sometimes with a ing in New York City..

hope that the The Finnish frontier was some hostile to the Eisenhower mans hivs

sometimes with a

carnestly

the 20 kilometres · from: Leningrad Marshal may be to the. If that happens, as it did Administration, while the American market and are here bodyguard,

to stay. New York shops are pistol

it "Fetersburg."] In his pocket or briefcase. More of the Soviet Union and: The often called Plate Finns to in Pittsburgh some time cost of living, despite all fooded with fine West German His wife, Jennie, ambiticus,

to help us all to move forward campaign ago, New York will be a the

promises, glassware.

good-looking, well acquainted On Park Avenue, Mercedes-with the political ropes, presses ghost town.

New

talk Benz have opened a motor car him on. Mrs McCarthy is very Yorkers haven't

big firms shown the anger they dis wearily about "girding for, showroom comparable to any of much a part of the McCarthy

ours here, or even to General movement, his chief adviser, played over the milk strike soven lean years,”

Motors or Chrysler or the dock strike, but people find radio bulletins newscasts and television poor substitutes for their

IF YOU WANT TO REALLY PLEASE HER THIS CHRISTMAS/

(OR OTHER LEADING WATCH DEALERS

goes up and up.

Some

Dressed up

I have been doing a little Peculiar period motor car shopping myself (not

for

A

a Mercedes-Benz) and am

Second-hand

depressed by the poor turn-in RECENTLY. British woman mall-order

Journatut I know wanted to house value of THE Buze

Sears Roebuck reports His rašta Broadway dealer told me: interview her. The interview for the past month 7.8 percent "The bottom's dropped out of was arranged and then cancelled. below the comparable period last the second-hand market; we can The reason: "Joe wouldn't like it in view of the things British year, Montgomery Ward's sales hardly give

them are down 15.5 percent, and in It is the falling-off in business papers are saying about him." New York generally business has rather than politics about which sippod about four parents,

Americans are talking cnxiously. To beat the slumplet, the Alwaye excepting Senator Mc merchants are bringing Christ- Carthy's politics. mae forward. When I got back

from

Bermuda

I was surprised

by the Christmas preparations

the city. I walked along Fifth

Bid for power.

:

J. Edar Hoover, the head of the 1.8.1, and the man who

did his utmost to torpedo Truman's version of the Harry Dexter White case, is McCarthy's friend and admirer, and on- nounces that McCarthy Is Biting sonator, Irishman, and

Avenue looking at the shop ryusz mentor exploited and Marine," windows

and it might have bom da catbed in on the Harry the week before

Do your very say, and

stores

Dexter White controversy, and They are going through a he is now makings naked b'd peculiar period of tension and for power Presidential power, anxiety here in the United Around McCarthy today is a States. On the very day that up with holly and tinsel and are group of me of the most the 80,000,000 telephone in the aven tentatively

bow of Father" Christ- millionaires, political b

introducing powerful people in America-l country was installed on shock-troops

row, Elsenhower as desk) || Attorney bo General Brownell and Mr In Jobbios Every

conceivable forms churchmen, publicity. Is being used to drum vestigators pathetic Masipals to make wire-lapping legal up, kales, and i loro aro, guest Ede Carity in the Fedder and and evidence from wiretappin appearances daily by film stars their hard, hair, hope, and spor - admladuje) in the ziation' famous Struthers, fund e amorved sibly, thais, kaivation,

famous se drummondialangeni wagar Hoover launched a cam-

Law

to a less unhappy time than move it back 30 kulémetres, in territorial. con- that through which we have exchange for recently.come. I walk through Cesalons in the north. The Finns this world with greater refused.

courage and hope when I find Then some Russian frontier myself in a relation of friend guards were shot at by the ship and intimacy with this Finns and killed. The frontier great man, whose fame has guarde detachment complained gone out not only over all to fled. Army troops, who opened fre on the Finnar. Moscow was Russia, but the world.

i need for in Theso

contained the

to return the fire, One thing led to an- other and the war was on, The War

STALIN replied in flattering Russians did not want a

terms. Ho sald:

against Finlandeti pad bee 1. proposo a toast for the

and French "If the British the most courageous of all 1939 containing men who really leader of the British Empire, had sent a mission to Moscow in Prime Ministers in the world, wanted

an agreement with embodying political experience Rusia the Soviet "Clovernment with military leadership, who would not have signed, the pact when all Europe was ready to with Ribbentrop

fall, fat before Hitler saidh “Ribbentrop, told the Russians that Britain would stand and in 1999/thay the British and fight alone *

fone against Germany

and would never, Aghi

oven without any alllo Even Americans were only merchants If the existing and posible allies deserted her he said would continue [45]

the three Great ak powers, now hold together.

other: Power can do anything

man

↑ (Continu

the health of the max who is borns once in a hundred years, and who bravely held up the banner of Great, Britain. I have said what 10 Loals what I have at houit, d and of what I am compclouds (Warid cop

"thers alrucis'e "graver noter

1murty say that never

any alted).