1953-10-17 — Page 11

RENEWAL COLD

of

WAR

T

THE

IT'S GETTING A BIT COLD FOR BATHING

THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 17, '1953,

The Law Has No Solution.............

World Charuraht by arrangement wrath the Manchester Guardian

HOODLUMS HAUNT LONDON STREETS

By LES ARMOUR

London, is only 17. The others are be- THERE Was bewilder- tween 16 and 31.

T

ment at the Old Bulley They were Sensationa be- -bewilderment because the cause another youth died in a

fight, and

murder Lore were law could propose no solu- charges. But they are not so tion for a cancéraux evil unusual. aprending across London's streets.

All but one had been in court before, und a dozen more no!

every week charged with sulting behaviour."'. jostling passersby or committing acts of open violence.

Five youths went to gaol like them appear in the courts for a few months, a sixth still faces a murder charge, a seventh is dead all as the result of a knife brawi on Clapham Common.

Floppy Jackets Dressed in Edwardian style

American

Mr Justice Pearson decided that none of the normal punishments or floppy Jackets, uped from bauni movies, they for wayward youth-probation, the all-night coffee stands, Who Borstal correction schools and dance hails und busy thorough- the like would help. Perhaps ares - usually US lost he doubted whether gaol terms bewildered as the court officials of a few months would do much who have to deal with them. permanent good. But at least

they removed the menace for Some curry knives and ruzora; the moment.

all are prone to hero worship, The gang's leader, Ronald and their gang-leaders assume (self-styled "Flash") Coleman, stutus of demi-gods.

The Woman-And Men-BEHIND GUIANA'S CRISIS

thass

river is

Etto

Two milea

across its waters brown and sluggishi. A ship swings slowly into berth. On the timbered wharf below black hands reach out to moor it. Slowly it comes to rest: one of a long line of vessels of all nations riding beside dingy wharves.

tart pl

all

By WINIFRED

erzelown traits Choddi as

mergents in the US.

0

GASKIN

(A Journalist from British Guiana)

nud

Tater 1730 old ment had outlawed the "pork- To three-year-Old Bradlaugh

vings into nockurs"

had practically his father remained a hero, the

But dental given away these lunds to the "piggy-back-man."

his "capitalists." And so it went on.. mother would have preferred relax so as to Facts and figures, statements and her husband to allegations envering every in- spend more time with the child. Bui, much as he loved his son, Cheddi believed that there was other important work to do, So Janet could not slacken either.

when the

Papa Jagan did not like Janet arrived. He had wanted Cheddi to marry an In- dian giri. Bat Janet won him over She became more Indian

Two uniformed coloured m an Indian and an African than the Indians, She turned come aboard and are given Dar

« Government House re- freedom of the ship. They are

sari Wearing erploti Her Müzesty Cus- sunda. The Indian wonen in tous. Her Majesty's Harbour Western style clothes smarted. anaster is ulsu

coloured, larich

offers of

Do are many of the port pilūta,

For this is Georgetown, captial

Gui

R

Talked, wrote

where

FRESH

equility of opportunity in more FRESH from the highly

of Belush

than a bright idea.

British

Gufana

tid

dustry.

Junet had now joined speech to netton. She was talking to groups throughout the country, organising meetings, recruiting new followers. Street согрет meetings became nightly fen- tures, Jaurt was the glar turn.

And Claggeli nnd Janet taught them then interpretation of the word "capitalist." Soon it rank- #1 een low as a cussword. Tho dustrial:sed United States, sugar "barona" were capitalists,

and Cheddi

lin- and were the bauxite cvm- orst panies. The people learnt they

waist the "classes."

Janet

Were

is the only patient with the Coloug's horse- spot of red on the map of South and-buggy conditions. lle round were the "masses" as opposed to America. Reyninalle of

Bis

people still working

Woxts

corps were Others had now ... joined. The

faulty snowballing Jugan inovement.

the litumbler soll, w

British sovereignty and, today, deep in water to plant rice of what else?

Helds. The young For

Commonwealth often washed

away by colony of 83,000 square miles drainage, called "an act of God." First and 450,000 people has hit the Admittedly,

L sugar vaguely belleved that "something headlines as a large-scale Com estates had increased since his should be done.” Later came the munist cell. All British war- youth. New labourera houses professional men and the politi- thips and troops have been were going up. But with thic clans, each for his own reason, rushed there to ensure that the growing population thousands red unt extends no further than still huddled in inndequate mud- the colour on the map.

48290-

floor dwellings.

Junet had been a member of

Quotes Russians

inter proselytes. Cheddi had

Janet

wanted action-swift and

The Jaw is the law of force, or of seeing force. For it is the braahest of them, the youth who jolles old ladies and uses shreatening langunge, wito com. manda respect,

Disputes are settled massly— 10 or more youths against one,

What lies behind this steady Lapsange of hoodlumisan?

The coctologists offer a variety of explanations-the war; slum conditions; the school system; the deany of the code of murals which governs society; the decline of sho). tarily unit,

Most of these youths grow up Im-in a Britain worn by war, at a mediate, lle, too, talked of me when many fathers were comrades, capitalists and the absent from their children; when And last year he went mothers were at work outside the to Vienna to still another Com-home. munist rally.

masses,

Slum

Children

Yet one more young African to rise in the FPP was Ashton

Many come from overcrowded Chase, Minister of Labour. Haelum areas, where people live in had studied Trade Unionism on any fiets surrounded by grimy Labour Government scholar-blocks or similar flats, where ship at Ruskin College, Oxford, conditions in the street scome An idealist, he claimed to be a better than those in the home. Socialist. With him, the PPP Many (though by no means gained the backing of the strong ull), left school at 14 or waterfront and dock labourers' without achieving the degree union.

of literacy and basic education enjoy intelligent necessary to

the

16

Contrary to popular repre- sentation, Cheddl

the is

These four men, then, headed | diversion ofter A day at dominant Agure in the Jagan

c 18-strong team ndminister- team. Wholever they hove

xdreary job. ing British Gulana under the

of them seek help from Few become, whatever they are,

newly expanded constitution Cheddi has been the driving based on adult suffrage. They of morality.

tlon religion; few respect any code force,

the wiiling controlled the majority of

fumilles are Their

often Instrument, Bright, ratker Indian and African votes. With broken or

bickering. than clever, gay and daring.

And, in Clinton Wong, a young English-nny

the the bulk of she added the

trained sauce

just Chinese lawyer, they neighbouring families are Chechill's Jeg-of-mution furthermore won the sympathy collections of heterogeneous in- speeches.

of the conservative Chinese, dividuals. There is ittle or no community of thought and ac- Opposed to PPP

are, the tlon. colony's minorities. These in- Anil

and zent suits the clude

Europeans (2,500); knives. the Portuguese- *(8,500," ̈ ̈ ̈chleny

But it is easier to · explain

Polished speaker

to

case,

ta

AROUND the time of Chedda Madeirens), representing bus than to cure.

metamorphosis, Lindeness Interests; and the Amerin- Forbes Burnham returned to dlans, the Colony's indigenout British Gulana. A African, he had topped the inostly illiterate und indifferent young people (10,000). The latter aro colony's scholars to win the to politics. Guluna Scholarship to a British university. And he had done well nt his law studies Iry

Fanginnal. Years in university and legal debating societies had taught him all the rules of argument. He had become a

Rainbow's end

A Downing, Street stateme announced that it has become the Communist Youth League in BUT one thing worried these evident that the intrigues of America. She had gained from Communists and their clates, some i Ministerial posts, them experience in organising. always decried "British Im- pollshed speaker, a statesman. by the "masses" Just Aprli to threaten the welfare and good Cheddi talked and she administration of the colony."

They, the people

Loom?

ולם

He talked to

on

wrote. perialism" as responsible for the Cheddi was neither. city groups, to Colony's under development. groups sugar estates; she United States capital would Burnham jumped это the wrote "to officials, estate solve all economie fils, he claim Jagan bandwagon, now called managers, to the press.

ed, if only the British would the People's Progressivo Party. allow it.

He realised the waverers, the They were laughed ul. How Now, however, he had taken to middle-of-the-roaders who fear WHO are

these people

could anyone but Government over whom the ited shadow of change things, people asked? quoting from Russian pamphlets, ex the Communist taint. the Kremlin is suspected to And Government was already He emphasised his points by frequent reference to the happy spending millions on drainage, state of Soviet workers. Could They aro

ency-going Government, too, was talking of

this mean Communism? people, full of song and laugh- housing schemes.

Not only were party members ter. They live In Georgetown, The capital, and along the The people of Gulans, the unhappy about this trend. Many colony's 600 mlic coastal fringe, easy-going people who had little of the rank and file began to Georgetown is a modern

city, Interest in polities, were hard to shy away as the Gulana press campaigned to hang the red well laid out with broad tree convert.

Bign lined avenues,

on the party They had shops modern

wanted and comfortable wooden houses. They knew that behind their constitutional reform, eventual change, improvement, It

boasts, in the beautiful coastal strip lay a hinterland of cathedral of St. George, the great wealth. Hadn't they self-government. But Commu-

nism? No. tallest wooden building in the themselves won Hold and

They were worried, too, be- Bworld.

diamonds from it? Those were

cause a new Cheddi wall

Outside Georgetown, the the good old days when evolving. people's lot is not so happy. "parknockers" (squatters) be- They had always known that Sir Gordon Lethem, a former came rich overnight - and. Governor of the colony, dollar bills to horses.

described the contrast between

Georgetown and the rest of the

country as the differenco

tween "champame

beer"

be-

and ginger

Bro

+

Jagan family

Statistics

the

HEDDI and his. team were elected to the Legislative

win for them freedom from want, freedom from noods, educational reform, nationalisa- tion of the

sugar and bauxite industries, jobs for the jobless and (for the people) a vaguely imagineds and very eventual self-government,

some-

The PPP had started among the Indian agricultural workers. tion promises

To the "masses" these elec- were the end of It spread to the African working the rainbow. To the "classes" classes, drawing together for they were the beginning of the the first time these two largest end. Loot in the mists population groups in the colony. where between the two is the Burnham gathered in the cliy middle road which both could workers, the school teachers, walks together. strong middle-class of African and mixed blood. He became

But that is yet to come. More head of the organisation. second in command to Cheddi, recent history tells of the PPF's demand for instant removal of His was not an easy task. the constitutional checks the When Chedd's bluntness gave nominated legislative members offence, Burnham had to make and the Governor's veto powers. the peace for him.

It tells of a now-ended strike in which at Icast ono PPP Ministor took part. It records on attempt to enforce tho strikers' demands in an net of HEDDI attended a Communist legislation. It tells also of the rally in Berlin. Back home strike's effect on the country's spent long hours listening to he presented the press with economy: classical music on the

of the reduction of photographs of himself standing raports to a minimum; the fall beside a Soviet delegate at a in Customs' revenue; the with- desk labelled USSR.

drawal of moncy from the

branch of the Muscovite PorcO Conference,

Somo of his were staunchest

supporters daunted. What did they want, they asked, with a peace peti

fed his was an outlook that saw no half-tones; that compromise irked him. But there had been lighter side to him. He liked dancing. He and Janet had also

KIAUTO-

Dominant figure

Another star

Loss of faith

The two largest industries in YET, nowadays, there didn't phone. He had playeti tennis at British Guinna ure suger and seem to be as much of the the Indian Club in Georgetown, bauxite. Its economy is based gold and diamonds as before, and had often gone to tho on agriculture. Housing on the There was, of course, still tim- cinema and to sports meetings. He attempted to organico A banks. sugar plantations is remetimes ber, the mighty greenheart wretched. In the native-owned chipped to England and the villages conditions little United States to make resistant better.

docks and railway sleepers. And there were other metals-fane YOW, however, he was finding out why didn't he organise FHESE events may represent, | tallto and uranium and perhaps less and less time for these something to give work to the however, nothing more than oil, of which they had heard,

things. Janet went to parties 20,000 youths leaving school in the inevitable pangs of transition, There were always sugar and

home to a month's timo?

The Peace of reforma. But they register, also SIX years ago, in 1947, Cheidi bauxite, good for a spell of re- alone, Cheddi slayed

But Burn loss of faith in the party among read Adam Smith, Sydney Webb Committers falled, Finally, they of an Indian warding work. Jagan, son

and Marx,

ham's explanations saved the supporters who had believed in driver on a sugar estate, return- pointed to rice, rapidly expand He became

political day,

promise of immediate pros ed to British Gulana from the ing under scil Government missionary-one, moreover with Another star was also appear perity. And

troy indicato United Slates, He brought control.

little sense of humour and less ing on the PPP Armament the detection of others for one a blonde with him

American

Ho Sydney King, a young African reason or another. Cheddi got Lo work with tolerance for trivialities.

school teacher. He came from named his young son Bradlaugh, told his son after The Jagan family is large. As statistics. Ho

an English free-thinker Buxtos, a village which had In many countries, all this the boy Choddi had helped it by trymen

foreign-

republican politician. once been the plantation of an would be endured with working in the rice felda and operated

dinmond (Charies Brulaugh, who advo- English eve), Lord Buxton He then peline are aggravated by. gold and

tolerance, but in British Guiana on migar plantations. His cam- mines were making yearly focated national reform in 1862, . King lived lo ings enabled his father to send tunes on lands the "porknockers" was the working classes cham- nia anco a day and then only now agent vibe,

bo Queen's College in had worked. That the Covert p'on in Parliament.)

fruite uncooked Ile,

wife, Janet.

that

P

too, Communiam.

Caint

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