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THE CHINA MAIL, FRIDAY, JULY 18, 1952.

SATELLITE CASEBOOK

NO. 1

The People's 'Justice' In Hungary: The

Fall Of

Ferenc Sandor

the At the busiest time of

By DAVID LAIDLAW

the

NO. 3

Justice In Bulgaria:

Ivan Molov's Trial And Disillusionment

ORTRAITS

of Lenin. these "enemies of society"

In the People's Democracies administration of justice is carried out according to Communist tenets. had swear on the farm, the harvest. The accused and places mentioned

the market, in

cases reported here and the folk from the described how they had watch- have been given fictitious names, to the, Provincial Court

T was the first time

Ferenc Sandor

him,

been

NO. 2

the prisoner's wife had fallen ever been into a court, . It was then that ho had so he was nervous and resorted to the black

the extra money felt out of place. When the to raise

which would enable him police came to arrest

hire outside help. If the pri- wife lie had assured his

toner, went on the

to cove but the circumstances are genuine. that he would soon be back. had belonged

there

have: would But that

time farm, Bome Was

to help ago; and now,

as he ant any willing hands

him. But this bad not been waithg for his trial to the ease, and the prisoner start. clad in his farm knew that if he was to

the clothes and his best and over to the Government

proportion his cropa re- only pair of shoes, he play- quired by law, he must

with his help in harvesting these crops. ed ceaselessly hands and showed other"

It

these grounds signs of

extreme uneasi- that leniency was being sought

пеня.

was on

towards

hand

toolted the

-for man who, through his mistaken beliefs, had resorted with ta crime. With that A short interview

counsel counsel had. sat down, and Ferene his defending done little to cheer him. He apprehensively

prosecutor. had been reminded that It. the foremost was one of tasks of the People's Judges to "fight against the rem- and nants of capitalism," that he, Ferenc, was such a After all, didn't remnant. he still own his farm and its implements?

attend

pri-

'Justice' In Poland:

·

P and Stalin stared down be mude an example of.

at the citizens of Borograd, One after the other witnesses comped the people being. "cheated countryside who had

of their grain" and false figures to entered in the books. One wit- hear the big trial dne to nes said that he knew food had open as a result of alleged in some cases been sold back to Nobody, of course, because misappropriation of food. the people.

admitted buying it.. Food, or rather the lack of that, too, would have been con- it, was an important factor sidered an offence,

In their lives, and they sat quietly discussing the

rc-

Molov then stood up, and in a toncicas voice, as

though

Anna Bokowska's Child velations which had led up reading from a book, confessed

Was Taken III

must

to

he agreed. was a serious offence The

he the 39

that he had "abused his position

as chief of the Food Supply Into Brand of Borograd by con-

him to ксер

of food for himself." He

ΟΙ

to the trial.

shumed Molov Ivan court: after days of questioning stantly giving false figures, co

cnabling and lack of sleep, he seemed to have lost the desire to live. He

the seriousness in seck out no effort made

of als

crime and his betrayal of TOLESLAW BOKOWSKA worked in a garment factory ma

family who Bhurried into the court- and no factory

Members could afford to

have been in the court- the people." The simple can- a plea that turned fersion ended with instend have slack or incompetent em roo

room; at Zubin. He was ployees. room

Every citizen

look at

ex-food Jurtec bo done.. Molov's state, anxious to arrive on time, fuifl his or her "not", and by officials accused with him. Not ment was followed by 39 others. for his wife, Anna, was to falling to do to Anna had been a ficter of recognition passed Not one contained any attempt ep at defence ur. Offered a single be tried that day. Many guilty of "economic sabotage, a between them; they sat

most serious crime against the parently Indifferent to the act excuse. This

large, heavy-looking times he had told himself People's Poland."

that they were about to play fter witnesses had testified, the principal parts in what bad Many times man then asked if it was true not to worry.

had frequently his wife had said: that Ferene

counsel rose 10 plead already become known as the "Come, Anna's beer asked to join, and had

her case.

Economie sabotage, "drama of Boregrad." always refrained from Joining, Boleslaw, no Court is going

turned his Eventually Molov a collective farm? was to be hard on a woman for and not to be tolemted.

It

After a lengthy discussion, Was it true that the prisoner looking after her sick people of Poland needed cloits attention to th of the men and the President read the sentences.

Many When the lay judge and did not often

every effort should be made room. Party child." But now that the

there had at a high women

bcen als Ivan Molov, gulity of mis- his fellow officials had as meetings think it was neces- day had arrived, he felt un- level. By failing to turn up

to keep production

at

anxious to "ppropriating the food of the only 400 friends,

rations cople, sentenced to bo shot, a sembled, Ferenc's case was toner not think it was neces

sary

of 500,000 her werk his client had been supplement their tiny

leva (about general easy. the first to be called. He reod? He did. Well then, sald

Hadn't no Hersch sat quietly, guilty of negligence, but, added from his hidden store.

£830) and the confiscation and his fellow-prisoners half of his property.

A similar Was

of "Belling the large man, why did he still hands falded, her fece thin and counsel, there had been difficult he accused

of the post circumstances which he felt he risked their necks for months, sentenec for four others and seven quintals (7 cwt.) of held on to his bourgeois be worn with worry

liefs

and think he knew bet few weeks. When she asked ought to lay before the Court. falsifying the books in order to sentences of 20, 18, five and two maize on the black market." ter than the Government of herself, "Could I have done

give the people a bit of extra the People's Republic? Ferenc anything else?? the answer was

food? remained silent. "Well then

always the same."No" roored the accusing voice, it is Tadeusz, her six-year-old son

And now they had been be

The officials fed out and the clear that by his

The dofendent's six-year-old trayed. Could there have been silence the had awakened one morning with prisoner condemns himself."

he had hurried off

been taken seriously any truth in the assertion made prisoners were led away, come sobbing and wringing In the courtroom 1. A mother's responsibility to during his interrogation that of them Defending counsel rose.

Witnesses The prisoner, he said, was

against Ferenc 10 get a chit for the doctor. But her child should.not, of course, his cellenou had been "elf their Harda,

group consisting of described him as wealthy the an enemy of society. He had kulok, and accused him

to come and Tadeusz too ill to be allowed to Interfere with her ing food to the people which the amali of

elowly isolated and then made no effort to join a selling on the black

market move. So she had stayed home responsibility to the State, but was rightfully theirs? Moloy their families and friends bo-

in Anna's case it was difficult didn't think

ស 80; desplic

dlspersed. to look after the child. collective farm, had not what was rightly theirs. Ke

Her husband; Anna herself to see what else che could have utter weariness, he continued to

done, It could be argued that believe in his friends. been a regular attendant at was really a bad farmer

andl the boy shared one room to give up his and

she should have taken the child Party meetings, and had didn't want

and the cold was so Intense

50 10 surplus quotas, they said, so he that. shown himself unco-opera- pretended that

that, having

hospital, but, perhaps mis- used up their. few he could

few takenly, she had not thought it lumps of coal, she had lain on advisable to move him in view tive in working for the harvest his crops alone.

bed with the child to give of his high temperature. the of economic betterment

bim warmth, As soon as the Hungary. The fact that he

WILS

accused of selling on the black market at first

to work for the

and

not

Anna

Herse

When

n high fever, she had

the doctor had been too busy

son lind

by Anna's counsel coded

receded, and Tadensz

she

Silence

of

years' Imprisonment for tho remainder.

would

came

The

*fints

.

br

able to get a job again. No- body would give them one now.

break them and they wouldn't

They know they were broken, prowerless against

the

new

the court fell as

The case uf

"Justice" which had come to Bulgaria.

fever had

A few people voleed satisfac- wan well enough, she had taken saying that he did not believe umeinis filed in. him to her mether and then re- the industrial programme and the

had intended to sabotage the People of Bulgaria against tion at the sentences, but on

40 ex-food

ometals had the whole the citizens turned to her work. She was sight appeared to cor- The verdict brought was convinced that if Taders had that it was on these grounds begun.. roborate these statements: "Guilty" and Ferene was sen- been moved, in the Intense cold, that he sought clemency for

her. tenced to a year's imprison- he would.. have had pneumonia._10.

Aive yokes

Molov Ilstened

of

Borograd were strangely silent. Perhaps those who had re- intently to ceived help from the sentenced

gulit.

tons

would now.

Ferene wasn't a

clever ment, a time of 2,000 forints As she had fold her counsel; "Anna" was found guilty and the indictment. He--and -h ́s. man and he didn't under- (about £07) and the confiscu- "Could a mother have done any sentenced to a 25% deduction in 3 fellow-prisoners stood accused also felt, a measure of

wages

for a month. stand city men with their tion of

of "misappropriating 150 land thing else?" of

Some of the younger MT1CD. Her face was Impassive as of surplus focditufis from 1948 Jong words, but it didn't (approximately six acres).

che turned to leave the Court, to the end of 1950". The were delighted. Food seem to him that his counsel

Outside her husband was wait accusing volee became excited beecme more plentiful Ferene was led away. He

men", was helping his case. How had loved his

Her counsel had explained, ing. He

it cried, are They had known there was no e patted her arm and led "These farm and the ever, he continued to listen loss of the land was serious in guilty" to being abscni

hatever, that she must plead her away.

Both knew that the guilty of one of the most vile truth in the rumour that food

have talcen bread was being attentively.

Coming month would be extreme- crimes: hths of the people."

exported to Russia. itself, but the nine in, addition work, because there was no ly difficult because, normally, from the

It was there criminals who had been

and now sicaling wife denying the facts, but he would they could barely manage on The defendants, said the voice,

of justice had taken a hand and their plead extenuating circumstances their joint earnings and it had had realised the "enormity

his on her behalf.

their erimes cost money to give Tadensz a

and were ready an example had been made of Soon her nume

The older was called few little luxuries while he was to confess to their, misdeeds. them.

men sald ltad

and she

All that remained

dor little. They were stood to

The Ferenc, charge: "Anna Bokowska, guilty

and for deep in thought.

If the law, continued counsel, would break him. His was to be an effective instru- would be turned out of

it-little ment of the class struggle.

house, in which with citi father and must deal severely

grandfather zena such as Ferenc. Never.

lived before him. To Jusual thens, the Peoples was well known for its fair- the end of his hopes

ness, and he felt it his

to lay before the Court tain extensting factorH.

was

hear

from

tho

People's Justice was "Justico to be done" of being absent from her place hard, but Anna knew that duty heavy price for the sale of just of work for eight days." The Tadensz were taken u cer- seven hundredweight of maize prosecutor said she had com- future, she would do the same

on the black market.

mmitted n serious offence. She again.

PARIS RUSHES TO SEE

A

GUILLOTINE NERVE-TEST

From SYDNEY SMITH

Paris.

HE horrors of the con- demned cell and the last moments of a mon being dragged to the guil- lotine

fascinating and stirring the consciences of-thousands of Parisians.

are

No, publle execution has not rome back to France. The merel- less (and realistic) dotalis of French capital punishment are being enacted in a film that is now packing two of the

gest Paris cinemas.

big-

It was written and produced

by a lawyer, Andre

Cayotte,

who has attended five exccu- tions.

quijotine waite

comes

In the

TAILS

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ALSO IN HANDY

1

past

It le dawn and warders drop the The priest vives Absolution And beyond the door the

condemned, mon from his oell.

in the corridor....

Then These days The. Widow Is a to a cell, and keeping them in

the prison In the autumn. It goes to Lon- machine-tooled aftale, carried suspense for up to 18 months governor to speak the dry fore

around don to challenge the nerve --

France in a sleck, before The Widow and M. de mula: "You must be very,

therʼal, very brave.". con- polished black three-ton, lorry. Paris call for them. says, the and, Coyalte science too of Brilish audion- Most Frenchmen have known And when they call what And then begins the last walk

vaguely that it was taking happens then?

down a dim-lit corridor, TOS

opposed to capital Cayatte,

about 40 heads a year. Now The Widow drops at dawn thr, offering the Last Beem

the priest with his portable al- shocked a' they are

by tho punishment, has produced

Ai 3.50 four warders take

off menti which for the first time deletts of The Widow's work. flim

10 bringing home

Cayatib made his picture with their shoes and tip-tac to the

Next is the prison barber, a condemned cell. French the grim procedures of the assistance of the prison au-

cynical/character with a "M. de Paris-France's official thorities and the police. It is The door is flung open and cigarette butt stuck to la executioner and "The Widow," nuthentic right down to the the man who is to die is pinned lower lip, giving a swift shave which, is the name, for his gull- overcrowding which in, today down with no chance to fight to the condemned man's neck. toting,

packing, condemned men four or shout,

(Conilnued on Page 7, Co), 7),

15

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