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THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 13, 1951.

WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS This is a

Real-life

By Fred Manor

ITALIANS PRESS FOR Ruritania POLITICAL CHANGES

In January, 1944, representa- pressed to support major changes

met in the Italian Government: tives of six Italian parties

He

to President @ Mar., '44.

You cable causes me concern. 1:

at Bari and asked for a broader suggested that we minh; yield to administration than that of Mar- the pressure of opinion. shai Badoglio and for the ab

I telegraphed him: dication of King Victor Emanuel. Prime Minister

Mr Churchill considered that Roosevelt the regime should not be changed before the capture ol Rome, and President Roosevelt

Feb. 11 to “a tem- agreed on porary reprieve for the two old gentlemen."

Four days later the

second major attack on Cussino began with the bombing of the monas- tery. This direct assault failed.

departure from is

your agreement with me of Feb. 11 which you kindly reaffirmed in your flater) cable as "Anished busines." On the strength of the first assurances 1 made my statement to Parliament, My advices do not lead me to new facts of believe that any importance have arisen or that the Allied forces are not capable

of maintaining order in the 21

regions they have occupied as the result of the "uncond).ional surrender" of It would be a very Italy. serious mistake to give way to [local]

Τ the beginning of March the weather

about

brought deadlock. Napoleon's fifth element-mud-bogged down both sides.

We could

not break the main front ai Cassino, and the Germans had equally failed to drive lus into the sea at Anzio. By now we had 20 divisions in Italy, but both Americans jand French had had very Theavy losses, The enemy had 18 or 19 divisions south of Rome, and five more Northern Italy, but too were tired and worn.

in they

between our

There could be no hope now of a break-out from the Anzia beach-bead and no prospect of an early bak-up

1erecs until the sealed Cassine front was broken. The therefore was to prime needl

make the beach-head really fm, to relieve and reinforce the troops and to pack in stores to withstand

and a virtual stege nourish a subsequent sortie.

Time was short, sinre many of the landing-craft had to leave for "Overlord" the cross-Channel

peration in the middle of the month. Their move had so far been rightly postponed, but no further delay was possible. The

all their streng Navies put into the effort,

with admirable

results. The previous average

daily tonnage landed had been 3,000 in the firs 10 days of March

more Was

than

doubled.

ON

this

agitation, cspecially when accompanied by threats on the part of groups of office- secking politicians.

us once we are in possession of the capital....

The President's reply disp- apcinted me

President Roosevelt to Prime Minister. 18 Mar., 44.

messages 1 am sorry if earlier

were not clear. I did not at any time intend to convey to that We agreement you postpone all political decisions 17 il after Rome bad been taken.

The political situation in Italy has developed rapidly since our cariter messages; the mBitary situation has not kept pare. The capture of Rome is still remote and major political decisions must be taken.

un

I do not like hating to use stern measures against our friends in Italy, except for good reason. In the present situation the Commander-in-Chief and his political advisers, both British and American, have recom- mended that we give im- mediate

support 10 the programme of the six Opposi- tion parties.

Thus we have, happily for once, our politica: and military considerations entirely in harmony....

We should then be liable to ge

up in Italy an administration which might not command the Bilegiance of the armed forces. but which would endeavour t make its position with the Italian people by standing up I cannot for the life of me under- to the Alliea should have another bu' more Intractable version of the de Gaullist Committee..

In fact, we

I am sure that for the victorious conquerers to have their hands forced in this way by sections of the defeated population would be unfortunate. So also would be the cbulous upen division between you and me and between our two Govern- ments

I

gave you and the State Depart- ment loyal and vigorous sup- port over the Darian affair. Uni v of action between our two Governments was never more necessary than at the present time considering the great battles in which we are engaged and which lie ahead.

Bargain with parties

HIS

stand why we should healtare any longer in supporting a policy to admirably suited to

THIS IS CHAPTER :32 OF THE FIFTHE

tion. They also agree with you own that the point to consider is the namely: timing.

views

to

(a) That the "Overlord" should

to five divisions,

On this they have no doubt that it would be far better to wait

till we are

masters of Rome before parting company with

cost to "Anvil."

Washington,

TRIESTE. OUSEKEEPING. "Ain

"H Liechtenstein. It is

[sheer paradise!" exclaimed (nee Baroness Falz-Fein Curtis-Bennett), who five onfall months ago abandoned the be increased bleak prospects of London whatever the shopping to become the

first

(b) That every effort shouta only British housewife. in the King and Badogilo, be- be made to undertake "Anvil" by Vaduz, Liechtenstein's rustic cause from Rome a more re- using two divisions or more in capital.

"Just imagine," she told (e) That If these divisions could not be carried,

landing-me, "my family has arrived craft in the Mediterranean should from London today, and all be reduced to the requirements had to do was to telephone for a lift of one division,

presentative and solidly based the assault. administration can be con- structed than is possible now. They feel that nothing could be our joint intereals and for the future of Italy

lo set up a weak de mocratic Government which flopped....

worse for

than

Finally, they ask me to emphasise The great importance of not ex- posing to the world any diver- gences of view which may exist between our two Governments, especially in face

of the In dependent action taken by Russia in entering into diplomatic relations with the Bedoglio Government without

to the butcher and order The American Chiels of Slatt were unable to agree.

They con- six large steaks. As ensy as sidered that a threat in lieu of an that." and insisted on a two-divisional Baroness's enthusiasm. actual operation was inadequate I could thoroughly share the haj On this

telegram only got up from a Vaduz lunch. assault. minuted: "Apparently the two- which included soup, a half- division lift for 'Anvil' is given pound steak, tender as a maiden's

'Overlord.' priority

and surrounded dreami

by This is direc.ly counter to the mountains of delicious chips. views of Gens. Eisenhower and buttered beans, and sweet peas, Mon'gomery."

followed by ice made of reas of this Tho Cream,

price gargantuan meal is 7s. 6d. whic a bottle of the famous Vaduz red wine was Bs.

over

consultation with o'her Allies. Turning the This was the end of the matter Scale for the momen Resting and regrouping

ON Feb. 4 the British Chiefs or

Staff,

consultation in full

with mu, sent a lengthy telegram

ANACHRONISM

to their American colleagues, in last Ruri anta

After the third Battle Cassino, in the second half of Governor should succeed and March, the Allies had, achtéved

bridgehead

a

across

were

were

Liechtenstein is probably the of Europe, a of which they emphasised that the cheerful anachronism from times consideration was that irrevocably past, times which

kinder

to romance and to more pleasant to live in than our the that the right solution was

and build "Overlord"

UD

10

regimented the streamlined Rapido].

strength required by the Supreme machine age.

The state has 13,000 In- Gustay Line Commander, and then to allocate the REFORE

could be assaulted again to the Mediterranean whatever habitants living on a hundred with any hope of success our additional resources could be square miles, with a 15-member parliament, the "Landtag." troops had to be rested and re- found. VOLUME, E N-

grouped. Most of the Eightn They questioned the wisdom of elected on a two-party basis, and "Anvil" at all, ira Government headed by the Army had to be brought over undertaking TITLED "CLOSING from the Adriatic side and two view of the way things

Duchy's chief tax collector.

It goes without saying that armies concentrated for the next going in Italy, and pointed out

own free ETHE RING" battle, the British Eighth on the that when "Anvil" fest found people who, of their

collector for Cassino front. the American favour at Teheran we expected wil, elect a sax bhi Fifth on the lower Garigliano. that the Germans would wl h their Prime Minister, must be a For this Gen. Alexander needed draw to a line north of Rome. contented nation, and in fact in- Liechtensteli and nearly two months. military

They also pointed out that the come common political alms. American public This meant that the Mediter- distance between the South of varies between 5d. and 18. 8d. in the Pound, a figure appropriate and under ranean could only help the cross- France

beaches apinton would never

to the fairy-tale atmosphere of stand our continued tolerance Channel assault in early June by Normandy was nearly 500 miles,

this tiny country. a diversion could be The and that and apparent support of Victor fighting south of Rome.

United States Chiefs of Staff still created from Italy or other points The population, living mostly Emanuel.

the on agriculture, with a sprinkling strove for a subsidiary landing

well as through Southern France "Anvil"), and Rhone Valley, "Anvil In fact of new industries, is prosperous, for some weeks there was much was too far away to help "Over-and the Bri ish-born Baroness assured me that clothing is con- argument between us about what lord."

siderably cheaper than in Britain. orders should be given to Gen. On this the United Stales

The same goes for vege ables, Wilson.

Chiefs of Staff proposed that the fruit and wine. Meat at 7s, a lb. It will be recalled that in my issue should be decided at a

wi h Montgomery & conference between Gen Eisen-may not be cheap, but everybody Marrakesh on Dec. 31 he said hower, who would be their re-seems to be able to afford it. that he must have more in the presentative, and the Brilish

VERY SERIOUSLY initial punch across the Channel. Chiefs of Staff.

our

The Russians now complicated the position by sending an official representative to the Badogli Government without consulting

IS reply on the same day en- Locuraged me to believe that we were in agreement. The pres us. sures. however, continued. The idea of making a bargain with Prime

and

10€

A few days later Vesuvius was

Minister to President talk in violent eruption. For several days traffic from the Naples air the six Italian Opposition parties Roosevelt, 14 Mar.. '44. heids was partially interrupted, gained support in the Supreme The Russians have announced but the work in the perts went Headquarters at Algiers,

that they have sent a fully ac- credited On March 24 a report to the Gen. Wilson [the Supreme Allied

Ambassador to Naval Commander-in Chief Commander in Mediterranean]

present l'alian

Government with of telegraphed in this cense to the

whom we ате slated "The Naples

still group of

Chiefs of Staff in pors is now discharging at the Combined

technically at war. I do nor rate of 12m, tons a year, while Washington and London. This think it would be wise, with- Vezuvius is estimated to be doing he was entitled to do as he out further consideration, 30m a day. We can but admire served both

countries, Never- accept the programme of the so-called Six Parties and de- this gesture of the Gods.

theless my views remained un- changed and my colleagues in the mand forthwith the abdication War Cabinet, who saw all that was passing, were in broad agreement with them.

Pressure of

opinion

W

have

Prime Minister to President THILE the battles I

Roosevelt. 13 Mar., '44. described were going on I fear that if we drive out the

around Badoglio. politics raged

SOLE AGENTS — DODWELL & CO., LIMITED Roosevelt was being clamorously

Moutries

DANCING TIME WITH JOE LOSS

A selection for your party

CHOO CHOO SAMBA (tamba)

A BEGGAR IN LOVE (5.1.i.).

SOMEWHERE, SOMEHOW, SOMEDAY (ft.)

SKÝCOACH (14)

THE FLYING SAUCER (fax)

HORA BAMBA (samba)

JULIAN (tango)

JEALOUS HEART (s.f.t.)

ROCKABYE YOUR BABY (Ef.t.)

ADIOS PAMPA MIA (tango)

TILL ALL OUR DREAMS COME TRUE (waitz)

CLOPIN CLOPANT (FL)

DOO WACKA DOO (9.5.)

ROBEWOOD SPINET (5.f.t.)

I DO, I DO, I DO (u.ft.)

MAKE BELIEVE (9.8.)

BEAUTIFUL EYES (4.9)

WHY DO I LOVE YOU (q.s.)

A MOTHER'S LULLABY (waltz)

WHEN IT'S EVENING (1K).

MY GIRLS AN IRISH GIRL (walix)

REFLECTIONS ON THE WATER (GL)-

JOLLY OLD MAN IN BRIGHT RED (q.m.).

WORRY, WORRY, WORRY (5.1.L)

MOUTRIE (HK) LTD.

Chater Rd. Tel 20527

that

King and Badoglio at this stage we shall only have complicated the task of the armies. I see his is also the Soviet view.

They arc certainly realistic, but of course their alm may be a Communist Italy, and it may suit them to use the King and Badoglio

Kil every.hing is ready for an ex- treme solution. I can assure you that this danger is also in my mind.

Just DB

the

01

1ax

On Jan. 6 I telegraphed to the Gen. Eisenhower was still The editor of the local news- President that Bedell Smith and reluctant to abandon "Anvil," paper supporting the Govern- Montgomery were convinced that but he was beginning to doubt ment (majority of one) claimed it was better to put in a much whether it would still be possible that the Liechtenstein propie heavier and broader "Overlord" to withdraw trained divisions take their politics very seriously. than to expand "Anvil" beyond from Italy.

They have no Labour Party, what we had planned in outline before Teheran.

of the King and Installation of The British

Signor Croce as Lieutenant of the Realm.

view

par.y.

On March 21 Gen. Wilson was although the opposition asked for his opinion. He said he which has seven seats in the 15- was strongly opposed to with- strong. "Landtag" could be drawing troops from Italy until considered alightly left-wing. Rome had been captured and he Communism is entirely unknown, advised that "Anvil" should be something one reads about în cancelled and that we should only books or foreign newspapers. I will, however, consult the War

land in the South of France if The eight-page newspaper, Cabinet upon what you justly THIS was keenly debated at a

conference held by Gen. Elsen- the Germans cracked.

published three times a week, has call

political "a major decision.

Our war with I aly hower on Jan. 21, shortly after

This turned the scale. The Eo many volunteer collaborators As a British hus lasted since June, 1940, his arrival in England.

that the editor, In addition to hi of Stan Empire has result of this conference, he sent telegraphed to Washington that editorial duties, can also handle and the British suffered 232,000 casualties in a telegram to the Combined it was clear that "Anvil" could a thriving insurance business, iz men, as well as our losses in Chiefs of Staff in Washington, in not be carried out on the the capital's leading lawyer, and

considered

The War Cabinet These messages and I reported

Chiefs

ships. I feel sure that in this which he said:

10 withdraw matter our view will receive "Overlord" and "Anvil" must be prescribed date, since it was Im-acs as the honorary Consul of

either

the Netherlands.. viewed 타 one whole. consideration from you. We

If possible

The Duchy has a customs and troops from the battle in Italy or sufficient resources could be

Switzerland, ought to make every effort to

made available the ideal would landing-craft from the Anzo postal union with act together....

Bridgehead.

The

but the inhabitants never fail to American be a five-divisional "Over-

of Staff assented, and point out that the union can be lord," and a three-divisional

dissolved

ved any time the Vaduz "Anvil" H insufcient forces reed that Gen. Wilson should, andtag" should co ́"desire. prepare to land in the South of Liechtenstein has, of course, its are available for this, however, France in July, and also to con- I am driven to the conclusion

sion tain and destroy as many German source of revenue. The police own postage stamps, a profitable that we should adopt a five-

troops In Italy as possible if it one-divisional latter being maintained as a threat until enemy weakness Justifies its znent.

My idea remains that we should their conclusionS to the

try to construct a broadly President: based Government, taking into account the opinion of the de- mocratic North of Italy and seeking representatives from there. Of course if we cannot get Rome for several months, we shall have to act earlier, but without the favourable con- ditions which will be open to

15 Mar., '44

The War Cabinet asked me to assure you that they agree fully with your wish to establish a more broadly based Government in Italy, and that the future form of government. of the Italian people can only

divisional "Overlord" and a were decided to fight it out there has an establishment of nine and

"Anvil,"

the

since 1886 the Duchy has had no. Army. During the last war

mobilis, mús

ductions Copyright Repro, active employ- duction, cuen partially, in any tering 150 men 10 protect.

On this telegram the British

be settled by self-determina- Chiefs of Staff presented their

language, strictly prohibited.)

(MORE TOMORROW)

For The

Where Art Is For

By BARBARA VEREKER

frontiers. The real policing was done by the Swiss Army which secured the country's neutrality,

State's Sake

The day after Stalin attended a

HERE are those who, while condemning Com munism as a whole, think. that in cultural matters the Soviet Union is ahead of the rest of the world. They will' cite the number of State's point of view, having major works of art com- been thus commissioned and true that the missioned by the State and executed, it is

artis will probably be praised tell you that under the and thanked and given a Stalin and ending with the Soviet regime artists are price and other luxuries denied line

The work of genius, from the bowl may have written a poem aggerated, but it isn't. Last Juły performance of the opera Bog-

康

and the has a

today and gone tomorrow. The still, the author will probably Soviet Art, which had originally writer may have been halled as make a public declaration that praised it, published; & recanta- > genius, but let him stumble he was misguided and sit down ton admitting that it had been one step out of line and his work to cewrite the piece co more mistaken. will be suddenly and sweepingly "acceptable" lines.

Nor is this an isolated example. reossessed.

This may sound very Не

Inning:

1 porm entitled "Love the dan Khmelnitsky," this hitherto Over collective farm and pro- Ukraine," by the popular, poet well-received

work war de- ductive grove-

Sosyura, was criticised for denounced in Pravda. Twelve days The languid moonlight costs a scribing the natural beauties of later the authors bigned af state

light of lev:"

"the pternal · Ukralne" rather ment Heclaring that the Pravda arresting than the Ukraine of the new crilichem was fully justified and : Soviet Union, and for failing da promised to make all efforts to

or to express the Soviet prople's Of course, it is perfrolly refer to the Socialist Motherland, correct their mistake effor hatred of the themy.

·

vious that

430.

first-rate artist is. going to produce good work time

these conditions.

There is

der

wrong in an artist being

encouraged, respected and the common comrade. His work,

down on Stelt tool" subsidised. But they will : pleases the Communist Party joke, for the stars look overlook one important fact chance of brooming a best seller, piete may be hailed as a master

DI EX- combining beauty and that is, that the artist In fact, with the whole pro pression with sound political Keology. But when the writer has no freedom to do the paganda machine of the State work he chooses in the way tong and ensuring that becanics less favoured it, is re- 。 different light. he thinks best,

Irce, to every school-child, it has

for instance, little chance of hot becoming a strikes rather an

known to be a bourgeofi "notoriously profligate elgeldeance, posed by:

Finally, the suggestion to the bark zhikovsky, who, two daya betare, must not Gevine and The artist may feel unded in line di Mayung lacks down on had received will donat

could have FRAGAT Comrata Bile i Hille shock of Hut samlebyoday 20 JPE

ale

nothing Earlier

- this year - Pravda subsidised sunny of Leunoted an alleck on the opera great masterpieces, including the

With all My Heart" was paintings in work based on book by were commissioned. But

with there is Mkeley, which had won a Sialin everything wrong

and the unada was come being obliged to KONN

conies are distributed practicaLanguid encont

mate whlie" "light"OLOVKE pris worthe Ukranian composer speciflctions 1 ítóm. Tuy

In the Soviet Union to best seller. day the artist is completely controlled by the State. There is nothing to prevent him producing, a master- place, of course, providad it is exactly what the State ordered, “.

bat

168 eritics who had prelously decided t Fredrum) { Abeles, opinions -- Wome, no formes

an

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