1951-11-09 — Page 4

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Europet

29th

This is the Chapter of Mr Chur-T chill's fifth book of

Second World War memoirs, entitled "Closing The Ring."

I

RUSSIA'S CLAIM TO ITALIAN SHIPS

By Winston Churchill

The comments were numerous

in French, N spite of the tension Minister continued

with Gen. de Gaulle but the super-sensitive General disarmed and about Peyrouton, Bois- was completely

ready to accept Mr Churchill's Flandin, all son, and

commen's in a friendly and help- of whom [as being formerly ful spirit." associated with the Vichy Government had been ar- rested by the Free French authorities in December, I determined LO make an not realise how much difficulty effort to renew friendly rela- be made for himself in the

United States? tions with him before re-

How angry the How On New President was with him? turning home.

much we all depended on Ameri- can aid and goodwill?"

Year's Day, 1944, 1 asked him to dine and sleep at the villa [where Mr Churchill Mar- recuperating at rakesh on Jan. 3.

was

and serious. Why was he pursu- ing this vendetta against the French

notabilkles who had fallen into his power? Did he

pending opera Jons. They trar a loss of Italian naval and military co-operation, and the scottling or sabotage of valu able ships which we need for 'Anvil" {the landing dat Sou hern France] and “Over lord" the main cross-Channel operation]. They foresee na material benefit to the Russian war effort at this time, since Whe warships are presently for Northern quite unsui ed waters and the Black Sea is closed to merchant vessels. ..

Message not clear

they would be collected by Russian crews, who would sati Into Russia Northern ports... We are, however, very con- acious of the dangers of this course,

therefore and have decided to propose the follow log alternative:

battleship Royal "The British

Sovereign has recently com- pleted reft in the Uni'en Stater. She is fitted with Radar for all types of urma- ment. Great Britain has also a cruiser available. His Majesty's Government are willing, for their part, that these vessels chould be taken over during February at British ports by Soviet crews und sailed to North Russian ports.

Why should he complicate bls own task by this and all sorts of other needless friction? Why should he always try to offend HIS message was not entirely these Nowerful GovernmenÉS

clear. I agreed to the ships "You without whose help he could not mentioned in our agreement of an opportunity of long-needed live? Upon a smaller point, why October, but not to the more general terms of "one-third." I aths. My wife is with me here, had he driven Gen. ami if Madame de Gaulle would whom I had specially brought therefore replied:

France to make things care to accompany you it would from give us both much pleasure." easier, off the Committee?

"This." I said, "would give us

The General evidently thought the notice too short. I ought to have known that he would not skeep anywhere in North Africa but in a French official residence, He pleaded the pressure of his other engagements. So I let

However, having learnt alune later that he would arrive in

12. I invite Marrakesh on Jan

Comments were

Georges,

At this de Gaulle said he had Georges the Chan- offered Gen. cellorship Honour.

no

of the Legion of I asked what reply he

"I received had received. reply," he answered. I said i Had he the was no surprised. Chancellorship to bestow?

I

Prime Minister to President

Roosevelt.

9 Jan., '44.

I entirely agree with you that we must not break faith with Stalin about the ships. I have in corres- been for a week pondence with Anthony on the subject, and hope to submit a proposal to you for a joint communication from you and me in a day or two.

But all ended pleasantly, and him to luncheon that day, and the General proposed that

should attend a review he would he accepted.

bold in my bonour the nex! I was myself in full accord morning, which I agreed to do with the Chiefs of Staff on both And accordingly de Gaulle and I sides of the Atlantic. I felt tha stood on a smail pla form while the immediate transfer of these quite a large array of French and Italian warships, which had EO

made their Moroccan troops marched past resolutely

way to

have most

operation with the Allies.

numerous

could then make such alterations as you And necessary for Aretle conditions. These vessels would be tem- porarily transferred on loan to The Soviet Government, and would fly the Soviet fag un'il, without prejudice to the military operations, the necessary transfer of Italian yessels could be arranged.

"If events should take a favour- able turn with Turks and the Strails

become

ореп, vessels would be ready

the operate, if desired, in Black Sea. We hope you wi very carefully consider this alternative, which we think is in every way superior to Arst proposal....

Alternative

eight Italian destroyers

ing

and

Reporting America

four submarines, to the hand- over of which to the Soviet Union at the end of January you, Mr Prime Minis- ter, and you, Mr President, agreed in Teheran. Mean- while, for the Soviet Union

By R. M. MacColl

this very question of destroy-THERE IS a new twist to the and submarines, without This ow the vagrant which the handing over of one who turns out to have a fortune. battleship and one cruiser bes no sigalficance, is of capital importance.

You understand yourselves that a cruiser and a battleship are powerless without escorting destroyers. Since the whole of Italy's Fleet is under your control, to carry out the de- cision which

at was taken Teheran to hand over for the use of the Soviet Union eight destroyers und four sub- marines out of that Ficat should present no dißculties.

I

am

When doctors

John

New York hospital treated 70-year-old Mansfield for starvation, they found he had $427 (2162 10s.) in his pockets.

bank Next, they discovered books showing deposits Of nearly $30,000 (£10,714).-

"I could never do anything right all my life," quavered John Mansfield miserably, "eo i was

there

sfraid I would not know how to spend it properly."

RELENTLESS CRITIC of the Government's foreign policy, Bgrecable [literally Senator Robert Tatt, of Ohio- agree"] that, instead of Italian and he might easily get the destroyers and submarines, a Republican nomination for Pre- similar number of American sident next summer --- returns or British destroyers and sub-to the attack. He says marines should be handed is "a complete lack of planning" over to the Soviet Union for in Washington, our use. Moreover, the ques tion of the handing over of destroyers and submarines cannot be postponed, but must bo settled at one and the same time with the handing over of the battleship and cruiser, as

was definitely agreed between us at Teheran.

the Sweetening the

w pill

And he says that Truman, hav- ing started the Korean war on his own responsibility. "even if he makes an appeasement peace ending without result the now, can hardly claim credit for

which he began,"

NEW-STYLE

war

the WHILE

Korean peaco talk continues, Colorado's crusty Democrat Senator Edwin John-

in a son charges

newspaper U.S. article that a well-known public servant has been retained by Syngman Rhee's

South high VENTUALLY the matter was Korean Government at

that there shall settled as 1

al-fee to ensure hoped.

be no negotiated peace, though there was a good deal of

Johnson says this man is Paul correspondence, not all of В pleasant character, about it with McNultat one time head of our Soviet Ally. The Royal the War Manpower Commission. Sovereign and the American

BANKING cruiser were handed over as being

nice to depositors - is for an hour amid the cheers of Mala and placed themselves in accepted

proposed. There was an inevit-paying off in California. What able delay about the destroyers with housewives being drawn MR Duff Cooper and Lady the inhabitan's of the Marrakesh our hands, might

damaging results to Italian co- TIS alternative was accepted till after the "Overlord" opera in by high-pressure advertising

by the President. The

tion was complete. The undertook prepared to Americans

sweetened this pill by campaigns and finding brand- them- miralty

new chartreuse-green sofas and press the War Cabinet and the selves to furnish a cruiser, and lending Russia four of

lounge chairs when they get to Admiralty to make a substantial the whole matter was presented modern submarines.

the banks.. Los Angeles savings British sacrifice and to supply to Stalin substantially in

As is well known, the Soviets accounts are about 18 percent a number of British ships to the form. I suggested in a joint tele- after the war faithfully retumed above the national average, how [at Russians, instead of breaking run from the President and the ships, and arrangements W Teheran Stalin hud asked Italian hearts at this moment, so me on Jan. 23. Stalin's reply,

vessels were made to transfer for a share in the Italian Ficet, pregnant, as it seemed

from the Italian Fleet went off to visit the bazaars and the President was under the with consequences for the future. lows:

to all con- manner acceptable impression that he himself had Various messages passed between other men seiled down in the mentioned in conversation one- us, and I was very glad indeed Fremler Stalin to Prime Minister cerned. garden for a long izik. I bad third The British Chiefs of to find how closely my colleagues a lot of awkward subjects to Staff did not like this, and had at home and the Chiefs of Staf deal with and I thought my always spoken to their Russian agreed. speaking French would add a colleagues on a different basis. lighter touch to them.

The President was worried abou!

Diana, Lord Beaverbrook, Mr oasis. Nairn (the Consul) and his wife

were

President was

180 Our guests. Th General Tived in the best of humour, greeted Mrs Churchill in worried English, and spoke it throughout The meal. To make things equal

spoke French.

After

luncheon

and de Gaulle and

the ladies

I and the

have seen

I was therefore

Mr Nairn,

his personal remark "one-third." British ships who made a few and set the whole position out 10 notes afterwards, records: "I

offered heard Mr Churchill say to Mr me with great frankness. Duff Cooper in English in a President Roosevelt to Prime very audible whisper: 'I'm doing Minister rather well, aren't I? Now that

9 Jan., '44.

the

to me, when it came later, was as fol-

S soon as I reached an agree- ment with my friends st

the General speaks English to As I told you, Harriman request home I sent the following pro

well he understands my Frenen perfectly. Then everyone, Gen. de Gaulle setting the example, burst out laughing. The Prime

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ed information on the action we were taking to carry out our commitments turn over Italian ships to the Soviet by Feb. 1 so that he could discuss the matter with Molotov if he were queried. I told him it was my intention to allocate one-third of the captured Italian ships to the Soviet war effort, beginning Feb. 1, as rapidly as they could be made available. A

Harriman then, reminded me that Stalin's request at Teheran was a reiteration of the Soviet request originally made at Moscow in October for one battleship. one cruiser, eight destroyers, and four submarines for North Russia, and 10,000 tons of merchant shipping for Black Seal, and that

[namely,

no

the

mez

tion was made at Moscow or Teheran of the Russians gel- ting ...” adds lopal" shipy" ako to one-third of those captured...

| Harriman als templaasised the very great importance of tul- fling our pledge to yield thesa shipw, Forb to fail or to delny would, in his opinion,

posals to the President:

Prime Minister to President Roosevelt. 16 Jan., '44.

is clear that My recollection

nothing was said at Teheran about "one-third,” but that a promise was made to meet the Russian claim put forward at Moscow to have transferred to them

one battleship, one eight cruiser,

destroyers, four sub

and 40,000 tons of submarines merchant shipping.

On the other hand the main dimodities rated by the Chiefs of Staff are solid, and I think It very likely that once Stan is convinced of our intentions and our good faith he will Icave us to handle the matter In the smoothest and switical wey possibile,

I suggest, therefore, that we now signol alm jointly to the following effect

H

Tho Combined Chiefs of Blaff. These It would be dangerous to our triple in- terosis actually to carry out ony kransfer or in say any- moout it to the Italians thing

* premenst.

unly arouse auspicion in Stalin 7/7 to

of

comitments

And he water is to made of Tahuren.

On the

FOR EMO FANNSTOP

will

make a secret aproach to - aindoglio with a view to con- Valuding the necessary

mumeme would have t

Prnhuberth the lines relate Hellerical based on probable unrests that

and President Roosevelt.

29 Jan., '44.

...I must say that, after your

Joint

affirmative reply at Teheran to the question which I raised of the handing over to the Soviet Union of Italian shipping by the end

of January, 1944, I considered this question settled, and the thought never entered my mind of the possibility of any kind of reconsideration of this decision, which was taken and agreed between the three

DL

We

บ

All the more so since, as

agreed at the time, this ques- tion was to be completely Bettled with the Italians. Now I see that this is not so, and that nothing has even, been mentioned to the Italians on the subject.

In order, however, not to com- plicate this question, which is of such great importance for our common struggle against Germany, the Soviet Government is prepared to accept your proposal regard- Ing the despatch from British

to the U.S.S.R., of the Battleship Royal Sovereign and one cruiser, and regard ing

the temporary use of these vessels by the Naval High Command of the U.B.B.. until such time as the appro

priate Italian shipping is made available to the Soviet Union. Similarly, we shall be prepared to accept from the USA, and Great Britain 40,000 tons of merchant shipping, which will also be tased by us until such time as simular tonnage of Italian whipping : In

over

that there should be no

now regarding the matter, and task all the whipping indicated Velesould be handed over to tak

me during the month of Februar

in your reply, however,: there is

no thaddon of the handing

over to the HovITY ULLOU

Ad-

our

in a

3

any

(World Copyright reserved. Repro duction, even partially, in language, strictly prohibited.)

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