1951-05-26 — Page 1

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CHINA MAIL

No. 34903-

Korea Peace Move Strongly Doubted

Swedish Foreign Ministry

Remains Silent

United Nations HQ, May 25.

British and American deleg ation circles here expressed strong doubts today about the truth of reports that the Soviet Union had made an offer of peace in Korea.

The chief Swedish delegate, Mr Sven Grafstroem, said that a "private citi- zen of a non-Communist country", iwo weeks ago told his Foreign Ministry that the Soviet Union would be prepared to settle the Korean war by a cease-fire on the 38th Parallel.

He did not confirm reports pealled offer was transmitted to } that the unnamed country was Mr Grafstroem, who is a mem- Sweden and the citizen was aber of the United Nations Good Swedish national. But the so- Offices Committee

He placed the information be fore the two other members of the Committee bul as t was 10 be 10363 Vigue nothing more was done about

New Directive sidered

GRIM GAME ENDS

On The West Central Front,

Koren, May 25. Engilsh, Scottish and Austra- lian soldiers have just finished a grim game of *bares hounds,"

und

Commonwealth troops were "hounds." The last remnants of the Communist withdrawal were the "hares."

For Gen. British and American spokes-a Chinese force screening

man said idoay that it was ex-main tremely doubtful whether tho offer was ever made directly or

Ridgway Soon Indirectly by the Soviet Goy

new

ernment,

They

And death was the penalty for the Joser.

The game was played across the hills and valleys net Pukhan. Under the day's hot sun the inthe area was heavy with

stench of death.

CX-

ort

Washington May 25,

PRIVATE RUMOUR directive, will be Issued shortly to the United-

thought that the Nailons cominander In Korea, cident had been grossly

Ridgway, the United aggerated, passibly Army Cliter of Stay, strength of General Lawton Collins, sald in Stockholm by a private per-animals, on ridges and sprawied today.

son Just returned from Soviet Union.

General States

tho relayed a rumour

Sweden's Foreign

The Chinese have not had Lime to bury their dead which lic amfd carcases

of pack

across sides of hilla

Muny

bodies have been by swift streams into

He was testifying as fourth witness before the Joint Senate Committee investigating the dismissal of General MacArthur, ports published yesterday that gorges where they have formed

remained silent today

Ministry wetred

011

ور پانی مانگی

had received said instructions under Kler

Information way from a private individual who welcl General

Ridgway (Supreme Commander) 1 Suld that Russia had asked for

peace in Korea. wing are now being re-

Informed diplomatie circles suggested that Soviel Embassy officials here might have told a Swedish

citizen that. Russian Government favoured 2. peace settlement along the 138 Parallel.

21

by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, ani drinile new directive will be issued to him shortly."

Asked whether he could tell the Committee in confidence about the new plan, General Coiling said. "I don't feel that I can, Senator, because the final decision on it has not yet been

reached,"

iho

sickening dams.

Every so often yesterday the quiet of the hills was broken by the rattle of gunfire or short slaccato Sten gun bursts and by nightfall the last "hare" had been run to earth.

Many of the Chinese had no stomach

for the game, ond surrendered,

Korean boys led an English This citizen might have pass- patrol to where four Chinese ed the Information on to the ammunition bearers were sleep-

who relayed ing in foxholes, Foreign Ministry,

The Chinese, It to Sweden's United Nations who told the Interpreter that envoy, Mr Sven Grafstroom.

The strength of this informa- not eaten since the

Chinese force main

retreated six days ago,

surrendered im. mediately.

were badly wounded and sald that mule carts had been hit squarely by 1 bomb, killing half the bearers. Fighter-bombers machine-gun. ned the valley, killing another

General Collins raid he be- lieved that General MacArthur's proposals to bomb Manchurian tion, the sources sald, depends bases and blockudy the Chinese on whether the Soylet omclois coast "would not be worth the were expressing the view of Increased risk of getting us now their Government or their own into a major war which, from a private üssessment of their

Government's polley. military point of view, I woudi certainly not want to see us carry

The Swedish Foreign Ministry alone

spokesman He said he felt that America to confirm thay even declined it had forwarded might very well stand to lose the such information to Mr Grof- principal allies on

whom she stroem, though the envoy was must rely if General MacArthur's reported in the Stockholm press recommendations were put into have received the information force. Reuter.

On May 7.-Reuter.

on

COMMENT OF THE DAY

six.

Two

The other two Chinese were unable to walk because their ankles were badly sprained by cobble-stoned creek beds along which they had been retreating at night-Reuter,-

Why Not Commonwealth Day?

NEW who

listened to Thursday

Fnight's broadcast from Radio

Hongkong by the Rt. Hon. Patrick Gordon Walker could fail to have been impressed by the fact that the speaker, having mentioned his subject-Empire Day-thereafter refrained from using the word Empire, but substituted for it, Commonwealth, Whether or not listeners were intended to draw any significant inference or conclusion it cannot be stated with. any certainty, but it is difficult to avoid doing so. The question prompted by the broad- cast is whether the word Empire, na- Hociated with one of Britain's outstand- ing anniversaries (the birthday of Queen Victoria) has not become out- moded in this, the second half of the 20th century, Since the end of World War II the tendency has been growing among statesmen, politicians and diplo mata to shy away from talking about the British Empire and to concentrate on describing the British Common- wealth of Nationa. And not without good reason. The British Empire as it ,was in Queen Victoria's days no longer exists. The Dominions, under the Statute of Westminster achieved a new status, and in more recent times India, Pakistan and Burma have been given their independence. The dic- tionary requires that an Empire shall be the territory of an emperor, but -King George, VI no longer rules as an emperor and therefore does not, ac- cording to the strict interpretation of the word, possess an empire. More- over the present-day connotation of the word Empire" can lead to misunder-.../ standing and friction, even

among

friends. In international politics and relations it has for long been asso- ointed with imperialism, exploitation,

and land-grabbing, all of which bears no relation today to policies adopted by either Britain or her fellow mem- bers of the Commonwealth. On the other hand the phrase, British Com- monwealth of Nations denotes, as its history has shown, a comity of family nations, whose individual strength lies in their unity and singleness of pur- pose and policy. The point was acknowledged by the Chairman of the Royal Empire Society in his message this year when he remarked: "The measure of harmony achieved between the diverse peoples included in the British Commonwealth of Nations is the measure of the success of our united efforts, and affords encourage- ment and a pattern to all who seek to find a way of living together." As- suredly the title British Commonwealth of Nations does suggest a broader and stronger bond of family relationship than that contained in The British Empire; moreover it belles jingoism and narrow-minded cant, The British Commonwealth of Nations still repre- sents what was once the major part of the British Empire without embodying any of the features of its former state which were so objectionable to many of Britain's friends and enemies 50 years ago, Britain and other self- governing members of the Common- wealth refer with pride to this new comity of nations, and with every good reason. The Empire has vanished: the- Commonwealth takes its, place. Why not, therefore, discard the description Empire Day on May 24, and call the anniversary instead, Commonwealth' Day? This may pain, the diehard gentle metallats, but the title would possess the virtue of being realistic, both his- torically and spiritually.

Established 1845

SATURDAY, MAY 26, 1951.

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And Successful

Atomic Tests Carried Out

London's famous Burlington Arcade Beadles are back again in full dress for the Festival of Britain. The beadles are all-Hussars, and this picture shows three of them in their rest room in their full dress uniforms which they have not worn".

since the war.

A Peace Declaration That Was

Never Made

Washington, May 25. President Truman's pro- "posed March peace pro- clamation asserted that - a free and unified Korea could and should be achieved with- out fighting, it was dis- closed on Friday.

The proclamation, allegedly scuttled by aetion of General MacArthur, also warned that the United Nations would con- Unue* fghting if the Chinese Communists refused to nego- tiate.

A summary of the proposed proclamation was readby. General J. Lawton Collins, the

Chlef of Staff, Army

to the

Senate Committee Investigating the dismissal of General "Mac- Arthur.

Defence Secretary George Marshall testified two weeks BEU that

negotiations with 13 other United Nations in connec- tion with this proclamation col- lapsed when Geneml MacArthur made his March 24 truce pro- posal accompanied by an ulti- matum to the Chinese Commu- nists,

Fencing

OFFICIAL STATEMENT

Washington, May 25.

The United States announced today that it had successfully carried out atomic tests at the Eniwetok Pacific proving grounds, including some experiments that may lead to hydrogen bombs.

The Atomic Energy Commission's announce- ments said: "In furtherance of the President's announcement of January 31, 1950, the test pro- gramme included experiments contributing to thermo nuclear weapons research."

(The term "thermo nuclear" refers to re- actions involving the release of atomic energy through the fusion of hydrogen atoms).

Department.

The tests were announced, ther or not an actual H-bomb of jointly by the Atomic Energy

any apprecluble size had been Commission and the Defence exploded.

Heat of many millions of They included the blast and degrees would be required to heat effects on "structures, air-detonate a hydrogen bomb, craft and various other items,"

is

The British Stand

Championships On Japanese

Fatality

Stockholm, May 25.

Pierced ponent's

his by

ap- Ilmari sabre, Vartia, a Flan, was killed Ja the World Fencing Championships here today.

His opponent was last year's World Eger Cham- Morgens Luchow, a

plon,

Dane. The sword ran into Vartia's body under the armpit and entered his lưng during the team sabre contest.

Vartia sank to the ground bleeding profusely. He was rushed to hospital, A doctor said that he was still alive on arrival though his heart had stopped beating. An emergency operation failed to revive

it.

Peace Treaty

Washington, May 25. The British Government has warned the United States that it will not sign

Walle atomic bombs ex- well as the measurement of ploded so for have generated radiation from weapons,

tremendous heats, there has been The announcement saft: some question about whether the Atomic Energy Commis- į older type of nuclear Assion sion and the

could Department of

produce sufficient heat Defence today notified President to "trigger" the hydrogen Truman that a programme of bomb, atomic weapons tests has been carried out by

Thus the announcement cuccessfully

in Joint Task Force

3 at the dlcates that the tests included Commission's proving ground at

have experiments which may Eniwetok Atoll

on important bearing on the "Information on several pro-gen bomb can actually be set question of whether a hydro- in the fields of biology off. jects o de-classified and provided to medielne and radiology will be appropriate

The announcement also in- agencies of the dicates that the tests were alm¬ Government when the resulta ed at providing new information

CLI

aircraft

and

atomic attacks.

..

United States

from

Vietnam Govt. Follows Suit

any Japanese peace treaty have been analysed and evaluat for use in civil defence against to which the Chinese Na- tionalist Government

THERMAL EFFECTS of

The

Commission' said that the Chiang Kai-shek is a party. ed

"The programme also includ- | programme."also. Included com“ comprehensive measure-prehensive measurement of blast This was disclosed today by ment of blast and thermal and thermal effects on struc- authoritative sources, who also effects on structures,

tures, aircraft and various other revealed That Britain had and various other items.

Items," abandoned her insistence upon "Much of this data will be nuclear weapons research

Tho reference to themal treaty limitations

on. Japanese do-classified for use by both the the first made foy the Commis

was shipbuilding capacity.

The

Department of Defence sources cald they ex-

sion in commection with an the Federal Civil Defence actual testing pected the question of Chinese. Agency. The data obtained in- Reuter.

programme. representation to be a major cluded

additional Issue, to be discussed when Mr of the primary military value Information John Foster

Dulles, President

the field of weapons effects." Truman's special representative

In the

The

announcement stated on treaty matters, goes to Lon-that Lieutenant General Elwood |don early in June.

R. Quesada, of. the The British

view against Air Forces, who allowing Chiang to sign the personnel treaty has been communicated Energy Commission, the United to the Assistant Secretary of States

Saigon, May 25, Army, Navy and Air State, Mr Dean Rusk, and Mr Force and from educational and

Vietnam today banned the Dulles by the British Ambassa industrial

export of rubber and other organisations, dor, Sir Oliver Franks.

Sir Dr Alvin C. Graves, the Scien- North Korea.

and strategic materials to China and Oliver pointed Out

The ban was that the tific Deputy Commander, would British acceded to the American return to Washington in a few

made at the request of France. demand that the Chinese Reds weeks to report to the Defence the United Nations recommen

The French request followed not be consulted on the treaty. Department and the

dation that an embargo In return, according to authori- Energy Commission.

bo tative sources, the British

In the meantime the Com-

placed on the export of strategic raw materials to China, mission would continue to use Police Clash believe Nationalist China like-

the Eniwetok proving ground A. Vietnam Cabinet meeting and the area would remain also decided to introduce in.... closed to unauthorised persons. come tax in the Tanking bridge. There was nothing in the head, Northern Indo-China, tho Atomie Energy Commission's main centre of the French fight announcement to indicate whe-against the Vietminh-Reuter.

Vartia's compatriot, Kurt Lindeman,

took his place In the preliminary epeo team contexts, but he and the

Finnish rest of the team withdrew when no WH of Vartla's death came through.

pill

The Swedish organisers of the Championships Im- mediately gathered witnesses to the fatal con- test and promised a full statement later.-Reuter.

With Reds

Police

the

wise

should not be talked to. The British have asked the United States to hold off having General Collins read the com-

any Chinese

government, Nation- mittee this description of the

alist or Red, to sign a peace presidential proclamation: "The

treaty until there is a "general proposed statement by the

Frankfurt, May 25.

settlement" in the Far East. President pointed out that the

and Communists: United Press, aggressors in Korea had been clashed outside the offices of driven to the general vicinity the banned Communist news-

the unlawful attack from which

Zack paper, Sozialistische Volkszel- was first launched, and there lung, here today. fore the principal objective of repelling North Korean and One worker was seriously Chineze aggression against the injured and rushed to hospital. South Korean

Riot Republic had been achieved.

ago,

Mr Gromyko's “Ultimatum”

the

40

equads were called out after the Communiste had tried

Paris, May 25. for the sccond time to break

M. Andrei Gromeko, AN INVITATION

into the offices, which wore Soviet deputy, presented sealed by the police two days "ultimatum" to today's meeting "It nisseried further that

of the Big Four deputies, insist- the United Nations objectives,

Ing that the North Atlantic. sucti ad unification and the Fighüre broke out between Treaty must be on the agenda establishment of free govern

the Communists, led by Oslour for a Foreign Ministers meeting, ment in all of Korea could Mueller, a Communist deputy according to a Western spokes- and should be accomplished of the West German Parlia man. without further fightlog or ment, and the police guard bloodsheti. The Chinese Con on the building. munists were in effect given an

invitation to cease,fire and to The newspaper, was banned agree to a cettlement of out-for standing issues by negotiation

MM. Gromyko, the spokenLOLNI sald, declared that there would be no point in a Foreign Mirás- lers' meeting If the treaty were not on the agenda which the deputies were still trying to hammer out at

foring this after their fist meet

three months because It propagated the Communist-in- spired plebiscito against Ger- "The statement then went on man remilitarisation and to say the Korean people were a peace treaty in 1961,” entitled to peace and to assis tance from the rest of the. world in

repairing the ravages

Communists made their arst attempt to break into the news

of war. A settlement of the paper's offices on Wednesday Korean situation would greatly night-Reuter..!

reduce international tension and

would open the way for peace-

ful settlement of other prob- PHONEY, THREAT

lems as

'is envisaged In the Charter of the United Nations.

The spokesmans added that the Western deputies called M. Gromyko's statement a "ynical disregard for the wishes of the people, who wanted ta, meeting of the Farcian Ministers to take place.-Reut.or

Trawlers Collide:

New York, May 25,

12 Men Kissed. "The statement Included a warning, however, that if the Mr Arthur Lourie, stopped the The Irwell Consul-General,

Paris, May 25. Chinese rofused to

Twelve of the 63 men aboard negotiate, the united Nations would be police today from undertaking a the French trawler Ginetic le compelled to continue the con-ch, of the building after the Borgne, died in a collision with telephone operator Miss Payn another. French trawler on the Segel zureceived a call from a Newfoundland Banks yesterday.

The place will bo Giving theso

figures today the trawler's owners said tha PARD Operator called tho po-Ginette le Bor La collision. She hak-in:10 minutes after

Nlet.”

1

General Calling testified Gen- man saying eral MacArthur was notified blown up a 20 minutes" te: the presidential, proclama- tion was being prepared, but lice, but Lourie told them, "It the document, itself was not is probably the work of a crank, lett Lo Hayre on February 22 rant to him by the Defence We have had these before." and was "about" to return to Department-United Pres

United Prens

France, they added, –Reuter, cu

તુનું

commanded the Atomic

Atomic

There is no substitute!

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