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THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, MAY 2, 1930.
Survey of Indo-China--No. 2:
VIETNAMESE NATIONALISM
VS. FRENCH
French authority In Indo China today is challenged by an insurgent Victhamese na-- tionalism that refuses to com- promise for anything less than full independence.
The politically conselous among
Vietnamese
ara
the 25,000,000 united on one thing: They want
:
COLONIALISM
By Seymour Topping
(EDITOR'S NOTE: Associated Press Correspondent Seymour Topping discusses "Vietnamese Nationalism versus French Col- onlaitem" in this, the second part of his diluminating report on Vietnam)
After
Good Mor
It seems that Lord Woolton is to mako Liberal protracted negotiation | willing
Bao Dal, ex-Emperor of Annam concessions in order to strengthen was persuaded to leave exile in the anti-Socialist front. KOVOIR- Hong Kong to head a nient. He almed, the March 8, 1940, agreement which KAVU
Up a Taku Bar the Commos Internal Vietnam a measure of
within the French are asking: can the California autonomy
Union. Tho French hoped Bear to leave
It was not by chance that the would have U. S. support in that All news contributions to be complete independence and they Communists were able to assume creating an independent Vietnam, away from Ho Chi Minh the
want it now. The recent hlatory the leadership of the indepen- behind, this burning aspiration has dence movement. The Vietnamese been lost in the shuffle of major turned to them for guidance not world events. As Indo-China because they wanted Communism comes to the forefront, it corn- for their country, mands attention.
addressed to Editor-in-Chief.
Business Advertisementa and communications should be ad- drassed to the Company CHINA MAIL LTD.
BIRTH
WILSON-To Judy Helen, wife of Major K. H. 5. Wilson, the Hoyal Sussex Regt., on 30th April at Queen Mary Hospital,
ason.
INFLOW AND OUTFLOW
measures
they
accom-
Well adapted
-
Bao Dal could attract
support of nationalist groups. A soon Vietnamese national army Was Ho Chi Minh's republic
the began to crumble. British troops to be formed to assist in occupied the Southern half of "pacification campaign." Vietnam and Chinese National-
from Japanese troops released Internment by the British drove the Vietminh from Saigon in late between The war was
Vietminh
Sats the Northern half, French No rallying
The
Peace talks
#
But there was no significant rallying to Bao Dal. An absolute majority of the politically inter- estor Vietnamese continued to invour Ho Chi Minh.
Vietnamese
In their desire to make' things.. go with a bang, some local types are becoming unnecessarily bombastic.
Miss Red.
Wouldn't I have been much simpler it all the Commos got together and elected a May Day maid, eh?
•
"The tax on an ounce of pipa tobacco is about 44 cents, warying from brand to brand."
And believe me, you need to ho wary of some of these brands.
"Vicar exercises ghost In ancient church rite."
Took him for a short walk,
maybe?
•
the
CN that autonomy Invest-
"Burma eager to have U.S. capital."
What's wrong with Rangoon?
•
complete concession to Ho
The Right feared
internal
As Bao Dal's Vietnam came
official being last February,
Inde- the issue of Vietnamese pendence was pitchforked into the international arena.
into
150,000 Some
•
Reports indicate that Beltish mill workers don't cotton on to the idea of too many mechanical Improvements.
"Frenchmen are going to try hard to be unfailingly polite next week-for at least a fortnight."
Seven daze-or is that double talk?
World War II gave the Viet- namese a conviction that could be independent of the The French had harshly put September. French. They saw other Aslatice, down Vietnamese independence the French and
Many nationalists beginning, the Japanese, occupy Indo-China In 1940 and humble the French movements.
were imprisoned or guillotined The prestige of the white man for their revolutionary work. The
withheld loyalty was undermined by the Japanese Communists were able to keep
to Bao Dal because the agree sweep through South East Asia. the independence movement alive
Peace talks were initiated in ment he had algned did not give Five years of Japanese anti-white because their conspiratorial re-
They ob- propaganda, left a deep imprevolutionary methods and organi- 146. Ho Chi Minh led a Viet- them independence,
injected vigorously to provisions sion.
Batlon were peculiarly well namese delegation to France
The negotiations placing direction of Vietnamese The Vietnamese have a balance adapted to operating under police July, 1846.
broke down because the French diplomacy and national defence hands. The latter sheet for evaluating what 80 years suppression.
were unwilling to grant the in French of French colonialism
To hold the leadership, Ho Ch! terms of independence asked by clause meant that French troops Both sides would remain in the country in- plished in their country.
Minh and his Communist faction the Vietnamese,
position. definitely. There was no official One might imagine, to
The French first took Cochin-have avoided advocating any re- sparred for time and
programme that On
December 19, a surprise French promise of greater in- judge by the minor storm
China in 1882. They colonised the volutionary
French dependence to come. region might antagonise other groups of Vietminh attack on the rich rias-producing della created over the
A standard Com-in Hanoi started the war in earn-
of the March # Conclusion the coalition.
Blew vote to China? was employed. cat.
Was a victory for now being taken to control and gradually extended their
agreement
"New planet discovered by over neighbouring munist tactic
First,
they have aligned them-- the volume of immigration hegemony
lands. The other two provinces are
Why did the French fight to Leon Pignen, able and respected Russia."
French High Commissioner for I thought the accepted term into Hong Kong, that the what is Vietnam today, Annam scives with the broad, popular
It had taken thef was satellite. Indo-China. local authorities were trying and Tonkin, became protectors movement, Later, if the move-stay in Indo-China?
They fought to protect, about French Parliament almost a year to prevent all further entry tes. Cambodia and Lacs also were ment carries them to power, their
made protectorates and the five other plans will be shown,
US$1,100,000,000 in investments to ratify it. The Left and of Chinese. That is not the
parts federated into Indo-China.
The Vietnam bid for power in and a continuing source of large Right combined to oppose rall
ficution, The Left favoured Indo-China Was idea at all. It is true that in
August, 1945. They took over
income. was Singapore recently it
sinh. Rice farming helped Hanol, the leading Northern city, growing centre of French culture from a puppet regime backed by and civilisation in Asia. To lose decided that all further entry
Vietnamese of Chinese into that Colony The French bullt roads, rail- the Japanese. Soon afterwards, this important part of their em- should be dictated by ways, ports; erected several towns they were in Saigon. On Septem-pire meant that France would be would endanger French
and cities modelled on their own. ber 2, the "Democratic peoples taking a long step towards being ments, economic need. The decision They mined coal, opened rubber. Republic of Vietnam was pro- reduced to a third-rate European was taken on the initiative of coffee and tea plantations. Rice claimed with Ho Chi Minh as power.
of president. the Chinese themselves. It farming, the main source
threw French was only partly influenced wealth, was helped. Pre-war ex-
annually ports totalled
about
ac troops Into the struggle. American officers of OSS
tho Vietminh into estimates of French casualties to Chinese Communist armies had by overcrowding. Singapore, US$100,000,000. In return, about companled
high
Northern 4.5 100,000 rolled to Vietnam's
The Soviet Bloc had too, is over-taxing its avail- US$50,000,000 in almost exclus Hanol. Ho Chi-minh's guerlilas date run as
In disease.
About one-eighth of recognised Ho Chl-minh's r able housing accommodation, sively French products entered from 1940 had harassed the Jap-killed, wounded and disabled by borders.
the country.
anese in North Indo-China. but the problem there has not
A limited programme of educa- the latter part of the war, they the annual French budget goes to gime, on action signalling a Com
Immunist effort to move into South Revolution in Mom's country.
You don't have to believe this, reached the proportions it
tion was instituted. A university were joined by American officers Indo-China to retain this
showed
East Asia. French oficials de- portant part of the empire. has here. The decision was was founded at Hanol and some who helped lead themi,
When it became apparent that clared that France was in Indo- but it really is true: glancing France to them tactics they are using to- taken largely because there Vietnamese went to
last night I saw an advertisement of American defent the Vietminh, the French munism. is already a certain amount study. The French language, like day, and trained Ho Chi Minh's military means alone could not China principally to fight Com-through an American magazine
English in India, became the troops in the use
air-dropped searched for a complementary The United States and Britain for a new motor car showing n
man at the driving wheel... Immi- second tongue for educated Viet- weapons that were of unemployment.
political solution. They found recognised the Bao Dai govern- The written language in large quantities.
one in the "Bao Dal solution." ment and the U. 6. prepared to grants used to go into Malaya, namese.
These officers encouraged Ho Frenchman admit it is a bad one back it with a programme but in the present state of was romanised. Missionaries made
military and economic aid. believe that he but the only solution. Minh to affairs they prefer to remain Catholics of 2,000,000 Vietnamese.
The French administration Chi in Singapore, and not many of brought order to the country but по self-government. them possess the skills or permitted
Vietnamese were allowed
only aptitude for industrial or minor or honorary posts. French city employment.
colonial capital developed almost The initiative for action entirely extractive industries to here arose out the exploit
of squatter menace. Those who have seen the way in which the latest additions to the squatter community are live ing near the junction of Is- land, and Mount Davis Roads ly 80 per cent of the people are Professor Hancock and, a Britons all remember the con- will realise what a problem illiterate.
team of historians, economists, sequences. From every reception aircumstances it is. Nor does the question. Out of these
"the
and sociologists to study the area went up the cry-"We will Vietnamese desire for
the mothers-never again!" which showed equal fortitude, the of sovereign rights enter into independence. A proud and sen- archives of the Government take the children, If we must, but
reason is not only that the magni- it. The measures proposed timental people, they are greatly departments, and out of-them
There tude and complexity of the prob influenced
the nationalist by
And then the miracle. and the records of local au-
was no word too bad for those leth were greatest there but be and voluntary thorities
Londoners It is a question of controlling
in the cause London symbolised to the evacuated. After the war, the the volume of traffic, not of staked their hopes for indepen- agencies to construct a civil country; they were greedy, they world that spirit of resistance
ionee on Ho Chi Minh's Viet- stopping it. Critics of the done on League for the Inde history of the Second World were dirty, they were ungrate
War. measure say it cannot be stop-pendence of Vietnam. It is a
Vietnamese resources. There were low badly needed factories built except mills for processing agricultural products.
The Indo-Chinese were shut away from the rest of the West- ern world by a French cultural and economic monopoly. Probabe
came
are of a municipal character. |eling that grips all Petnamese
..
Six million
heroes who
lived a miracle
of
In 1942 the British War officials who seemed at ilmes to the story of the homeless dáš?Vozi Cabinet gave authority to know still less of either.
ped anyway, and perheps to a nationalist coalition of political The volumes, when the task is By-
large extent they are right parties organised and sparked by
will comprise, There are, we realise, dif- a Red core. A 20 per cent Com-completed.
Avo munist element today controls reckon, between four and ferent interpretations of the the Vietminh government and million words-by way of com- partson, Gibbon wrote the History agreement regarding Kow-army,
of 12 centuries in million words. loon city. In a practical sense
Truly a formidable undertaking |
side and
the
G.M. Young
wonder of the world.
the
For five years the Londoners 36 hours, and their last trial-the
What did happen was unfore- seen, though surely not unfore- secable,
to be studied by administrators,
and if they sometimes blush 28
And
they read it, so much the better; for them, and for us. London figures more largely in the narrative than other
which animated them all.
cities
"Greatness," Mr. Titmuss writes, "an uncomfortable great- ness, was thrust upon it," and if London had broken who could have stood upright?
!
But what the ultimate price of victory, in shattered, homes and divided families, may be who can
has much matter. for
•
*
F
What would you do it a tiger chased you at 60 miles an hour?”
"Seventy."
**All set for the-big game
_to-morrow, Mac?jam
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it was meant to guarantee housing. It is overcrowded in for writers and readers alike. ful; they had no manners and no say? On that also Mr.-Titmuss's
morals. So back they went. book official communications. A a way that would normally very similar agreement was be regarded as a disgraceful three main topics-the
To Mr. Titmuss were assigned But no sooner had they got the thought.
evacua-greasy London pavements under negotiated about the same violation of all civilised tion, the hospital services, and, their feat, and the dusty London time in Tientsin. The only municipal housing standards. more generally, the social conse-air in their lungs, than their goy, road running between the These standards are the re- quences of the air-raids on those herole. courage, their helpfulness Chinese city of Tientsin and sult of public conscience no who withstood the German fury, and good fellowship were Taku formed the border of less than of a sense of self- The outcome is admirable the original Concession. When protection. We see no logic and, to one reader, an absorbing it was extended by agree in demanding more and more book. I could look at nothing were under the alert once every ment it was expressly provid- social amenities and health clse till I had come to the end... dying bomb--was the worst of all ed that the Chinese should facilities while demanding, Here is the answer to the ques- Bút the one thing which the retain freedom of movement at the same time an overstrala tion I often put to myself when it authorities most feared never! between Tientsin city and on such facilities as do exist, was all happening "How will happeneda panic fight
this figure in history?" And I Taku along this road. It was We can hardly afford to cannot praise, too highly the skill
Food for thought patrolled and administered by ignore the lesson taught by and judgment with which Mr. the Concession authorities, the epidemics in Calcutta, orbis story in view together the Titmuss has kept the two aspects who exercised municipal which have reached unpre-administrative rights and occasionally-in cedented proportions as a re-human side. times of special need such as sult of the inflow of refugees an outbreak of fire-diverted, from East to West Bengal, controlled
restricted or
There is the further point, traffic. It was never suggest which was also of weight in ed that it justified the un-Singapore, in the considera- restricted entry of Chinese.tion of plans for the future. Indeed policy was directed As one of our Chinese con to quite opposite ends; to temporarles has emphasised,
The Ministry of Health really segregation In fact, For a it is impossible to plan for Britons expected a terrific seems to have thought · that long time Chinese business food supplies, health, housing few hours of the declaration of ruins would just walk round the enslaught upon London within à family whose home was a heap of firms and individuals were and education while no limit war, and with that in view ther corner and find another. Perhaps prohibited from residing or is set, on the population and organised great evacuation, ■ "small residuum" might have to carrying on business in the no attempt whatever is made Instead of which nothing hap- bo bilieted. But, except for one old Concession, at the express to control it. The idet is period-so strange to have lived tinuously for 76 nights.
pened. They entered on that respite, London was bombed con-
there! insistence of the Chinese simply to balance, as far as through, so dimly recalled of was no panie, ut a Berco in authorities themselves. The possible, the inflow and out-twilight war. The evacuated dignation, and it may be said that attitude of the Chinese at the flow. It has been argued thousands flowed back to the great London's nerve was kept steady time, the Kowloon agreement that the outflow exceeds the
by the voluntary workers, while the amelals, local and: - central, was made was almost cer- inflow. • That is certainly not? But even if nothing more had were making up their minds what tainly no different, and suro true of the last week's inrush. happened they should have learnt to do arbres. ly that is what is relevant in The Government has a duty to town and country was revela In the end, under the guidance
a lesson: "That sudden contact of conte considering the applicability those who are already living tion to allxt was more than of the Special Commissioner of this clause to the decision in the Colony. It is trying to contact. It was conflict of two Mr. Willok, they › master
World's wonder
Mr. Titmuss is always tem perate in his criticisms of. public administration, but he does not conceal his opinión "that in the In one sentence, we might any resettlement of the homeless it that Britain was prepared for showed itself improvident, and what did not happen, and unpre- purblind. pared for what did happen.
to exercise control ay meet the obligation without different divilisations, living tide problems
Konz is overcrowded, doing unnecessary injury to win itsy be nothing of the But every pen in relation to the avaliable lita traditional hospitality lower and both under order from-fers 1
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