1950-03-27 — Page 6

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A TIME FOR EVERYTHING

The attempt by the Secre- tary-General of the United Nations to come to the rescue and take over international policy is as good an interim plan as many with which the world has been bewildered and belaboured lately. It is an excellent idea to have a series of snug, quiet sessions| of the Security Council, where the top-flight statesmen can talk peace and possibly even good sense, far from the mad-' ding throng. They might go: to the extreme of trying a little businesslike bargaining

and get somewhere.

THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, MARCH 27, 1050.

WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE THIRD BOOK

THE GRAND ALLIANCE

The Atlantic Charter

stituted for "markets," I should

be able to refer the text to his Majesty's Government with some hope that they would be able to

accept R The President was obviously impressed. never pressed the point again,

Не

war. I promised to try to And a suitable modification, and later in the day suggested to the Presi dent the addition to the second the establishment of a wider and sentente of the words "pending

more permanent system general security,

As regards the generalities of Considering all the tales of my Point 7, I pointed out that while reactionary, Old World outlook, I accepted this text, opinion in and the pain this is said to have England would be disappointed at caused the President, I am glad the absence of any intention to it should be on record that the establish an international organt- substance and spirit of what comesation for keeping peace after the to be called the "Atlantic Char ter" was in its first draft a British production cast in my own words, At our meeting the following morning the President gave me a revised draft, which we look as a basis for discussion.

The only serious difference from

what I had written was about the fourth The President wished to insert the point (access to raw materials). words "without

discrimination and on equal terms," The Pro- sident

also

proposed paragraphs.

of

Wathen, on the same day, position of the economic sanctions turned to the Far East. The in-

on July 20 had caused a shock in Tokyo. It had not perhaps been realised by any of us how power- ful they were. Prince Konoye

sought at once to renew diploma-

By Winston Churchill

thing

encroach

"Any further ment by Japan in the South West Pacine would produce a aituation in which the United States Government would be compelled to take counter- measures, even though these might lead to war between the United States and Japan." He would also add some- to the effect that it was obvious that, the Soviet being a friendly Power. United States Government would be similarly interested in any similar con flict in the North West Pacific,

I think this is entirely good, and that we should associate ourselves therewith and en- deavour to get the Dutch to join full agreement, because either the Japanese will refuse

in

the two extra

A

Sixth, they desire such pence to establish for all safety on the high seas and oceans.

Seventh, they believe that all the nations of the world must be guided in spirit to the aban- donment of the use of force. Because no future peace can be maintained if land, sea or air armaments continue to be em- ployed by nationa which threaten, or may threatens, to use force outside of their fron- tlers, they believe that the dis- armament of such nations is essential. They will further the adoption of all other prac licable measures which` will lighten for peace-loving peoples the crushing burden of arma- ments.

. Frankly, a lot of people must be getting weary of the enormous amount of open diplomacy now going on, especially as it never goes anywhere. There must be a Several minor alterations were refuge somewhere from the easily agreed. The chief dim- Senator from Winconsin, who culties were presented by Points 4 and 7, especially the former. has been running around with With regard to this, I pointed out his tomahawk scalping and at once that the words "without terrorising American policy-discriminaion" might be held to in question the Ottawa makers especially those who, call like Dr Owen Lattimore, know agreements, and I was in no posi- tion to accept them. This text more about China and the would certainly have to be refer- vital areas along the Great red to the Government at home, Wall than all the Senators put tain the present wording, to the and. If it were desired to main- together.

*

PHASE II

THE WESTERN APPROACHES April 10th.1940

to March 17th.1941

Summary of Losses

Gross Tons British 1,677,000 Others 637.000 Total 2,314,000

Governments in the Dominions, While the Security Coun-I should have Httle hope that it cillors talk in whispers among would be accepted. themselves, the technique Core of matter might also be pursued in re- Mr. Summer Welles Indicated - gard to the Chinese Com- that this was the core of the mat- munists. A famous lady bodied the ideal for which the ter, and that this paragraph em- novelist who has become one State Department had striven for of the greatest "experts" on the past nine years. I could not China the Great Republic help mentioning the British ex- has ever produced, has offered Trade for 80 years in the face of perience. In adhering to Free the suggestion. After pursing ever-mounting American tariffs. her lips and proclaiming that We had allowed the fullest im- ideologically it is impossible portations into all our colonies,

Even for the United States to re- Great Britain was open to

our coastwise traffic around the All cognise the new regime in competition of the world. Peking now, she "recommend we had got in reciprocation was,

and of American tie talks, ed" the maintenance of all pos- successive doses

on August 6 Protection.

Admiral Nomura, the Japanese sible contacts in China. This

Mr. Welles seemed to be a little Special Envoy in Washington, should be done, she said, "even taken back. I then said that if presented to the State Depart- if it means risking invest- the words "with due respect for ment a proposal for a general ments and swallowing pride." their existing obligations" could settlement. Japan would under-

bo inserted, and if the words take -The-contacts-should-come without discrimination" could not to advance farther Into East Asia, and offered to through business, through disappear, and "trade" be sub- evacuate Indo-China 01 the missionaries, and through

fflement

of "the China friends in China. Such con-

(Such was the term by which they described their tacts might be able to provide produce an Ambassador now six-years war upon China.) the democratic leadership for and then-and quite frequent-{ return the United States were to which the Chinese people are ly in recent years--who seems renew trade relations and looking!

South

In

help

All the raw

to be able to captivate the en-Japan to obtain

materials she required from the

We don't profess to know tire ruling group and almost how the Americans who are their womenfolk too. staying behind while thetr At fairly regular intervals Consular officials are with- they find all their simple arts drawn will relish the broad and artifices quite vain. They cast suggestion they should be and their fellow-countrymen good democratic fifth colum-are called every name in the nists. We can guess. And we lexicon of villainy. They are can guess how shy the Chin- hounded from their homes, ese would be too.

murdered, kidnapped, robbed, There is a certain kind of) and insulted. But so long as infatuation which will not they can avoid massacre and leave either well or ill alone. do business, whether official No harm can be done to any or commercial, they carry on: body by arranging a few They make policy when they motherly or brotherly meet- müst, and talk about it, ings, say, in Hong Kong, to seldom-and then chiefly work on the not too sinister among themselves. Policy secret agents of the ruling re- was always bad, anyway. But| gime who may be unearthed it didn't matter much--they here or on other fringes of the could make it effective, be far from promised land. Wel cause what they were doing have never had much faith in) was what counted most. Of the Hollywood technique of course there are now refine- softening up the beloved ob- ments now. Victory Bonds ject of persistent attentions, and the tax-collector, not to It is too, too public, and if speak of the State trader, there are no guns around, have taken, the place of the there are always the bands to stagey villain who was really add dram and music to the quite a simple fellow. - dulcet proceedings. No, let's The best place for contacts, have the quiet, secret huddles for huddles, for policy guld-| by all means. Better risk in-ance, even for idle waiting, vestments and swallow pridej Is Reking. The next best in this way than the way the place is Hankow. There were British are doing.

years when the Soviet Em-

The trouble about the Bri- bassy in Nanking was -silent| tish is that they don't have as the grave, and as forgotten. any psychology. They like It was there all the same. So being popular, too, but as they it is in Bangkok-quite a large are always unpopulares one, too, and quite, quite pecially in China-they don't quiet: There is such a thing sigh⠀⠀⠀ too much, neither do as a polley of masterly and they wring their hands, iny even proud inactivity-sintil grief at- ingratitude, nor do China, fearful of being ignor- they yield themselves to cries,ed and forgotten too, hastens of confusion. The silly samas towards the next round(of just go rolling along. Theyi bliss.

South West Pacific.

was obvious that these were smoothly-worded offers by which Japan would take all she could for the moment and give nothing for the future. No doubt they were the best Konoye could pro- Around cure. from his Cabinet. our Conference Table on the Augusta there was no need to argue the broad issues. My tele- gram sent from the meeting to Mr. Eden gives a full account of the matter.

•

Unacceptable

Prime Minister

Secretary.

to Foreign

pro

conditions the President prescribes namely, continu- anco of the economie sanctions

and no movement on the Japa- nese part and no invasion of Slam-or alternatively they will go on with their military action while lying about it diplomatically.

In this case the conditions in-. dicated by the final passage just quoted would come into play with great force, and the full effect of parallel declarations could be realized. The Soviet Government should also be kept informed

"

Summary to Attlee

To Mr. Attlee I sent a compre- hensive summary of all the main points under discussion.

....It would be most im- prudent on our part to raise unnecessary difficulties. We must regard this as an interim and partial statement of war aims designed to assure all countries of our righteous pur- pose, and not the complete structure which we should bulld after victory.

You should summon the full War Cabinet, with any others you may think necessary, to meet tonight, and please let me have your views without the slightest delay. Meanwhile full accounts are being sent you immediately on the other points, together with Cadogan's report of the conversation. Lear the President will be very

much upset if no Joint Statement can be

Issued, and grave and vital Interests might be affected.

August 11, *41.- President's "Idea is to negotiate about these unaccep- | table conditions and thus cure a moratorium of, say, 30 days in which we may improve our position in Singapore area and the Japanese will have to. stand still. But he will make it a condition that the Japanese I had only finished dictating meanwhile encroach no farther, the telegrams about 2 p.m., and and do not gà Indo-China as a

that I should have had in my base for attack on China. He hands within the next 12 hours will also maintain in full force the War Cabinet's most helpful the economic measures direct reply reflects credit on all con- ́ed again Japan. Those nego- cesied. I subsequently learned tiations show little chance or that my telegrams had not reach- succeeding, but President con- ed Landon until after midnight, siders that a month gained will and that many of the Ministers be valuable

had already gone to bed., Never-

I pointed out, of course, that theless a War Cabinet meeting

the Japanese would double- was summoned for 1.45 a.m., and cross him and would try to there was a full attendance, in- attack China or cut the Burma cluding Mr. Peter Fraser, Prime

communications. However, you Minister of New Zealand, who may

{tako it) that they consider was in England at the time. it right to begin the negotia- || Aña`result of 'n full, discussion tions on these lines, and in view || they sent me a telegram just after of what has passed between 4a.m, welcoming

the proposal United States and Jhoan it will and suggesting a further version bo necessary to accept this fact. of Point, 4 (non-discrimination in in the course of those nego-world trade), and the Insertion of tlations President would renew a new paragraph dealing with his proposals for neutralisation social security nieanwhile of Slam as well as Indo-Chins. had heard that the President had At the end of the Note which accepted all the ̧« amendment- the President will hand to the ments I had suggested to him on Japanese Ambassador when he returns from his orules in about *werk's time in will add the #following? passare,w, which kein

about "On August 12, ab went to woo the PresidenÍ LO METDO I taken? from Emyddfath

Aramex with him the Anah form of the

|

Declaration. I put to the Preal dent the Cabinet's revised version of Point 4, but he preferred to adhere to the phrasing already agreed, and I did not press him further on this point. He readily accepted the insertion of the now paragraph about social security desired by the Cabinet. A num ber of verbal alterations were agreed, and the Declaration was then in its Anal shape.

Profound importance

The profound and far-reaching importance of this Joint Declara- tion was Dyparent, The fact alone of the United States, still belligerent Power in making such technically neutral, joining with a

declaration was astonishing. The inclusion in it of a reference to "the Anat

the destruction Nazi

(this was based on a phrase appearing in my original draft)

challengo amounted to a which in ordinary times would

save implied warlike action.

Finally, not the least striking feature was the realism of the last paragraph, where there was plain and bold Intimation that after the war the United States would join with us in policing the world until the establishment of a better order.

•

n

At the end of August, 1941, Mr. Churchill wrote to Stalin offering to supplement the 200 Tomahawk fighters and 40 Hurricanes on their way to Russia by a further 200 Hurri cases. In his letter he ex- pressed his admiration for the fight the Russian armies were making against the Naris, and outlined the. new opportunity for sending supplies overland through Persia.)

On the evening of September 4. M. Maisky called to see me to deliver M. Stalin's reply.

Tal Was the first personal message since July. Premier Stalts to Prime Minister,

September 4, 41. Personal message from Pre- mier Stalla to Premier Chur-

chill.

I express thanks for promise to sell to Boviet Union fur

ther 200 fighters in addition to the 200 previously promised. I do not doubt that the Soviet aviators will succeed in mas- tering them and putting them

into use.

I have, however, to say that these aeroplanes, which appar- cannot be put into usQ quickly and at once, but at different peri

groups,

periods and in

Wheels within: whsals.

Chinese travelling in the now regime's trains, sometimes for a fortnight at a bombarded by loudspeaker music time, will be and-propaganda.

at our Commo friends, but this I don't want to rall too much does start a

train of thought. One should Fare's faro, I mean. guard against too many puffs. all signal developments, and not While wishing to keep track of

wanting to be called sleepers, the nation's drivers should keep their policies in separate.compartments.

A

businessman in Britain makes the wry comment; a proft I not without honour, except in this country.

Said the shop assistant: "It'a an educational toy designed to adjust a child to living in the world of today-any way he puts it together is wrong."

Lucky it was M.T.

"After the accident with, they military vehicle, complainant was taken to hospitol, where an X-ray examination of his head showed nothing."

"Shaving sosp manufacturero recommend that the fact be washed with soap and water." The fact of the water is........

*

•

Men are very much the same, As their old dads, my brothers. But don't you think it is a

shame

their

That girls' grow like

mothers?

Every woman marrles for love if it's only love of money.

A correspondent claims he to double-jointed in both elbows.

He sounds like nature's 'reply to the deck-chair,

•

"Rain's forestall experiment." Just what is a forestall experi- ment?

And I'mlesed It.

"The bride wrs entrancingly gowned in a sheer, soft blue not gown which fell to the floor as she swept down the aisle."

·

•

A former stage star is now a tollor.

Still has his mame at the top

separate of the bill..

be incapable of

effecting serious changes on

the Eastern front.

They will "Careless motorists don't caro

be unable to effect serious how many people they knock

not

changes,

as

to

They don't give a hoot..

and in addition the enemy is at the gates of Leningrad.

These circumstances has re- sulted in our losing Krivol Rog ore basin and a number of iron

the metallurgical works in Ukraine; wo

wo have

evacuated one aluminium works on Dale-

river and a

further

per

only because of down." the large scalo on which the war is being waged, which necessitates the continuous supply of a large quantity of because acroplanes, but chiefly the situation of the Soviet forces during the last three weeks has considerably deteri- orated in such important areas the Ukraine and Leningrad. As a mater of fact, the rela tive stabilisation at the front which we succeeded in achiev ing about three weeks ago. has broken down during the last week, owing to transfer Eastern front of 30 to 34 fresh German Infantry divisions and of an

quantity of enormous tanks and aircraft'as well as a large increase in activities of the 20 Finnish and 26 Ruman- jan divisions.

Germans consider

danger the West a bluff, and are transferring all their forecs to impunity, being convinced that no second front exists in the West, and that nono will exist. Germans con- sider it quite possible to smash their enemies singly first Russia, then the English.

In

the East, WIRD

minium works at Tikhvin, one motor and two aircraft works in the Ukraine, two motor and two aircraft works at Lening- rad:

and

these works cannot be put into operation in the new

localities in less than from seven to eight months.

has

weakened

This

our power of defence and faced tho Soviet Union with a mortal. menace. (The question arises how to emerge from this more than unfavourable situation.

(To be continued)}" World Copyright reserved. Ra

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