1950-03-14 — Page 8

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BIRTH

WINCH-On 13th March 1950, to Em wife of George S. Winch, the gift of a daughter, aister to Richard and George

Jr.

THE THREATENED

DELUGE

A few weeks ago the Hong Kong authorities agreed to an arrangement designed to improve the facilities for travel between Taiwan' and Hong Kong. Agents of ship- air ping and

lines were authorised to forward appll- cations for entry permits to bona-fide residents of the Colony, and business men, Now the Nationalist Govern- ment in Taiwan has dealt a blow to British business men by imposing new restrictions on travel facilities to Taiwan. Nationals of all countries.not having diplomatic relations with Nationalist China ore! required to give at least one! month's advance notice in emergency cases, and three months in ordinary circum- stances, when applying for visas to Taiwan. All applica- tions must have a Chinese guarantor.

THE CHINA MAIL, TUESDAY, MARCH 14, 1950,

WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS: THE THIRD BOOK

THE GRAND ALLIANCE

The invasion of Crete

'in' four years of front-line war to the command of a brigade, and in the crisis of the German sum- mer offensive of 1918, was placed In command of all the troops, amounting himost to a corps, which held the gap in front of Bailleul. The Victoria Cross and Our Jolat Intelligence Com-the D.S.O. with two hars

marked mittee in London made an appre- elation on April 28 of the seate and character of the hostile design against Crete in which they ex- pressed their bellef thai simul- taneous air-bone and sea-borne attuck was imminent.

Thin

was the

his unsurpassed servico,

Freyberg, like his only equal, Cartor de Winrt, deserved the title with, which I acclained them of "Salamander." Both thrived in the fire, and were literally shot to pieces without being affected

was immediately tele- graphed to the Cairo headquar-physically or in spirit, ters, and I emphasised it the same tiny by a personal message to General Waveli,

Although Wavell did not at first wholly accept our view that Crete target, and thought that the Germans might be deliberate- ly letting rumours clrculate to cover their real plans, he acted at once with his customary energy and mobility and flew to the i- lund. He answers show the situation:

*

Gen. Wavell to Prime Minister and C.O.S., April 28, 1941.

1.-Crete whs warned of pos- sibility of air-borne attack on April 18.. Besides original per- manent, garrison of three in- fantry Battalions, two heavy AA batteries, three light A.A. batteries and "epast defence are llery. Crele now contains al least 30,000 persnel evacual- ed from Greece. These are be ing organised for the defence of the vital places on the island: Suda Bay. Conca, Retimo and Heraklion. Moralc reported good. Arnis mainly rifles, with low proportion Hight machine- guns. In addition, certain units of Greek recruits have been organised for defence of aero- dromes and guarding prison- ers of war.

2.The Mobile Naval Base Defence Organisation is due to reach the island during the first fortnight in May,

3.-Proporc visiting Crete to- morrow, and will report on re- turn.

4-It is just possible that plan for attack on Crete may be cover for attack on Syria or Cyprus, and that real plan will only be disclosed even to their own troops ut Inst mo- ment. This would be consist- ent with German practice.

I have suggested to the CIGS that General Freyberg, should be placed in command of Crete, and he proposed this to Wavell, who Bei- had immediately agreed. nard Freyberg and I had been When friends for many years. as a young volunteer, from New Zealand in the First World War he had made his way through many difficulties to England he But had an introduction to me, and met me one day in the Admiralty in September, 1814, and asked. for a commission.

There has been quite a re- vival of the old spirit among the Nationalist Jeaders in Taiwan lately. A healthy rise of enlightened patriotism is not a bad thing, especially if it encouraged or were accom- panied by a similar develop ment on the mainland. there is also something of the uld anti-foreign attitude com- ing back with it. The hard core of the Kuomintang are back in authority behind the -Generalissimo, and the mo- dernists seem to have lost out, judging by the names of the new Cabinet and the kicking upstairs of Dr. K. C. Wu, who becomes Minister without Portfolio. A move toward the centre or even the Left would surely have offer ed better prospects of in- fluencing the mainland, and given more semblance of reality to the loud talk about getting back.

I was at that time forming the Royal Naval Division, and I soon made the necessary recommenda- tions. In a few days he became sub-lieutenant in the "Hood" Battalion.

Deeds of valour

Here is no place to describe of glorious the long succession deeds of valour by which he rose

review

overcrowded as Hong Kong. The whole position. seems to require iminediate with the idea of imposing greater restrictions- and for far more valid reasons than To return to the reac- the mere spirit of hostility tionaries at this stage is poor that animated the Nationalists politica indeed. It fits in, how in Taiwan in their latest The Singapore ever, with the Intensified air measure. bombing and sea blockade Legislative Council, with its Something of the spirit behind elected popular majority, is this policy was revealed in about to consider new im- the Kuomintang reaction to migration legislation. It will the appeal of the British mis- be based. on the recommen-i sionary bodies, following the dations of a Sub-Committee representations from com-on Immigration appointed mercial interests, in regard some months ago. These were to the bombing of Shanghai guided by two main con- and other large cities. The siderations (1) economic: the merchants and missionaries overcrowding of the island; ; were stigmatised as "hypoc- and (2) security: rites and selfish persons."

It is not proposed to bring However, it is not the poli- Chinese immigration to a tical angle of this question total halt, but it will be more we wish to deal with at the severely restricted. The Gov- moment. We seem to be able ernment looks upon it as an to do nothing beyond futile economic rather than a racial protests to protect our own problem. There is a great people and interests in the shortage of housing, medical bombed cities. But something and educational facilities. In can be done to ensure the this respect Singapore, like has passed welfare of the local com- Hong Kong,

L

To

One day in the 1920's when i was, slaying at a country house with Bernard Freyberg I asked him to show me his wounds. He stripped himself and I counted 27 separate scars and gashes. we he was to add in the Second World War another three. But of course, as he explained. "You nearly always get two wounds for every bullet or spilater, be- cause mostly they have to go out as well as go in"

By Winston Churchill

6. Greek troops

at present, are mostly untrained and un- armed.

7. Diculties are being dealt with, and will be overcome if but air defence we get time, will always be difficult prob- Icm.

•

para-

When the battle Joined We did not know what were the total resources, of Germany in chute troops. The 11th Air Corps might have been only one of half a dozen sich unite. It was not till many months afterwards that we were sure it was the only one. It was in fact the spear- point of the German lance." And this is the story of how It triumphed and was broken.

The battle began on the morn- As the impending danger being of May 20, 1941, and never gan to dominate directing minds was a more reckless, ruthless at- strong efforts were made to carry tock launched by the Germana. reinforcements and supplies of Their first and main aim was the weapons, especially

For an artillery, to Maleme airfield..

the surrounding positions subjected to the heaviest

machine-gunning bing

and

od Mornings

Must be a party tine.

Lend story yesterday Ilstød that Communist merchandlag" _here__by_'roll ' - *from arrived Shanghat.

The stuff will have to "bo thoroughly de-indoctrinated if it expects to get Into America,

Now greniles are belag thrown In hotels in Singapore.

Some of the waiters here, could do with a little gingering up, too.

I am coming to the conclusion that my new cook has a lot of. un-Beeton recipes.

The police in Japan report that attempted suicido

400 persons hour

were

સ

last month but failed.

bon-

the

the island, but it was then too Inte. During the second week in May the German Air Force from its bases in Greece and in the nitherto experienced fram the Egean established a virtual dayir. The bulk of our A.A, artil- light blockade of Crete, and took tery was put cul of action prac- their toll of all taille, especially tically at once.

As soon as the on the northern side, where alone bombardment was over gliders the harbours iny. Out of 27,000 began to land West of the air- tons of vital munitions sent in the

At 8 n.m. parachutists were man was more filed to com-rst three-weeks of May to Crete mand the New Zealand Division under 3,000 could be landed, and dropped in large numbers from for which he Was eagerly the rest had to turn back with heights varying from 300 to 600 chosen. In September, 1940, the loss of over 3,000-tona.

teet, in the area between Maleme had toyed with the idea of giving

Que strength In A.A. weapone and Canes. One German regi- him a for greater scope. Now at was 10 heavy A.A.

in the guns, (3.7inment of four battalions

At the outset of the new war

а

Road

GREECE

Tricks **** q va ma

Vilthera

Melos

Kithera Stratt

0

100 MILES

MAcanca

field.

Chios

AEGEAN

TURKEY

Samos

Patmos

Nams

CYCLADES

Suda

CRETE

Heraklion

Nimbazi

DODECANESE

·CRETE AND THE AEGEAN"

length this decisive personal com- mand had come to him. Frey- berg is so made that he will fight for King and country with an un- conquerable heart anywhere he is ordered and with whatever forces he is given by superior au- thorities, and he Imparts his own invincible Armness mind to all around him.

•

•

der no kasions.

Freyberg and Wavell were un-

Gen. Freyberg to Gen. Wavell,

May 1, 1941, Forces at my disposal, are totally inadequate to meet at tack envisaged. Unless Aghter aircraft are greatly increased

Scarpantu

Hasa

Strai

I do think bocklets describing foolproof methods clearly might be made available to all applicants over there.

the

Quit Stalin.

waited While

world breathlessly for the great dietator's vorris, Moscow ralis pondered: To speak or not to speak, that

s the $84 question.

•

2

she cannot Typist-queen told attend tribal meeting

She is still, however, expecting.

I nee that even in Egypt the after newspapers are penting Gorgeous Gussie. Only this time it was n colour bar.

Brass tax.

Local writer points out that nly a fraction of one per cent of us pay Hong Kong income.tax. Otherwise known дл the hot-too-bright man's barden, 2

Ex-servicemen's group in New York suggests BA atom-bomb alk by Truman and Stalin on the telephone.

Only trouble is, they might get the wrong number, although that would be better than being cut oft in their prime.

Myrtle ways there's a lot, jo be salt in a certain girl's favour, but the other stuff is much, interesting.

moro

New York authorities have apparently been having trouble moking the popblaedi adhere to the water-economy programme. Every time it rains a little, the citizen wash their hands of the whole business.

mobile), 36 light A.A. guns (Bo- | morning, and a second In the fors), and 24 A.A. searchlights.afternoon, were thrown In by a continuous stream of nircraft, There were only nine part-worn Infantry tanks, distributed at the utterly regardless of losses to airfields, and -16 light tänks. On men and machines. They were On and May 9 a part of the Mobile Naval resolutely encountered Baso Organisation arrived; in- near the airfield by a battalion of Brigade, cluding one heavy and one light the 5th New Zealand A.A. battery; which were dépipy- | with the rest of the brigade in ed for the better protection of support to the Eastward. Suda Bay. Altogether about 2,000 Wherever our troops were men of this organisation, landed noticed they were subjected In Crete, but over 3,000 were held tremendous bombardment, bombs back in Egypt, though they might

of 500 and even 1,000lb being Six have got there.

thousand

Counter-at- used in profusible in Italian prisoners of war were an tacks were

ence. Light.. Acounter-attack-Wh additional burden to the defence.

But of course it was [only our only two "I" tanks provod

air that rendered fure.

Gliders or troop-carriers brth

crashed on the beaches and in swept airfold.

weakness in

the

This nation-wide: hallotting in Russin un impressive example of true democracy. Citizens have complete freedom of choice: they Porty can either vale for the candidates or abstain from 'Alling to In the form it the secret police are locking the other way,

day- left of the battalion fell back on with its supports.

Retimo-and-Heraklion wera.

treated to a heavy air on that morning. bombardment followed by parachute.drops `in In all, around the afternoon of two and four and between Maleme and Canca battalions respectively: Heavy more than 5,000 Germans reached fighting followed, but at nightfall

the the ground on

first riny. we remained in firm possession They suffered very heavy losses

of both airfields. hand- to-hand fighting of tha New Zealanders,

and naval forces made avail- the German attack possible. The fanded of rub or on the fire-

RAF strength early in May was 12 Blenheims, six Hurricanes, 12 Gladiators and six Fulmers and Brewsters of the Fleet Air Arm, of which only one-half were ser- viceable. These were distributed between

are now devold of any artille on the Retimo landing-strip, from the fire and force.

0:

able to deal with sea-borne at- tack I cannot

to hold out hope with land forces alone, which WATCH as · result of campaign in Greece have

insumclent tools for ging, very little transport, and inadequate

reserves war equipment and ammunition."

Force hare can and will.ßght, but without full support from Navy and Air Force cannol hope to repel invasion. If for be made

available at once, urge that question of holding Crete should be reconsidered. I feel that under terms of my charter It is my duty to form New Zealand Government of situa. tion in which greater part of my division is now placed, · Gen. Waveli to CIGS,

.

the Maleme airfield, for fighters only, and the Heraklion airfield, which accepted all types. This

In our defended area practical- was but a trifle compared with

fy all, who alighted were account- the overwhelming air forces about ed for, most being killed. . At to be hurled upon the island.

Our inferiority in the air was the and of the day we were all other reasons these cannot fully realised by, all concerried, in possession of the airfleld, but that evening the few who werz

and on May 10, the day before the attack, all remaining altcraft were evacuated to Egypt. It was known to the War Cabinet, the Chiefs of Staff, and the Comman dera-in-Chief in the Middle East that the only cholee lay between highting under this fearful' dis- May 2, 1941 leland, as might have been possi

advantage or hurrying out of the 1 Defence of Crete will presta sent dimcult problem for all But there was no difference of

ble in the early days of May, three services, mainly on se opinion between any of about count of enemy air superiority.

Ports and aerodromes. being in facing the attack; and when we North of island involves greater see, in the light and knowledge of exposure of aircraft and ship the after-time how nearly, in ping. Only good rond in island spite of all our shortcomings, we (and that none too good) rùns

wont, and how tar-reaching were East and West along North

the advantages, even of our fall coast, and also exposed,

ure, we must be well content with the risks we ran and the price we paid.

Roads are bad

of

In many of its aspects at the time it was fought the Battle of 2. There are no good ronds Crete was unique. Nothing like North and South or harbours It had ever been seen before. It alr. the first large-scale on South coast, though with was

of time it may be possible to die borne attack In the annals, velop them. There is

Corpe great war. The German Air

the shortage of transport in island: 'represented the flame

3. Food for civil population Hitler Youth Movement and was will have to be imported in

embodiment in an ardent

of the considerable : quantifies) If Teutonie spirit of revenge for the munity against a peril which saturation point. Indeed, if

The flower), of towns heavily bombed and we defeat in 1918 these bombings are aggrava-anything, conditions are are unable provide fighter pro- German, manhood was expressed ting. The popalation of Hong worse here than in the tection we may be faced within these vallant, highly-trained,

political problem..

and completely ["devoted •* Nazí Kong, which fell to about Southern port. Stability of

4. To garrison island effec parachute troops. 000,000 by the end of the population is essential for

tively at least three brigade The Germans used the whol Japanese occupation, jumped any long-term ́· planning." In

groups required and consider-strength they could command. able number of A.A." units, Thls, was to be Goering's pradt- to 1,857,000 in June last year-education, health and hous

Present, garrison three British digus air achievement, it might a threefold increase in lessing. They cannot be legislated

Regular baltalfond, six have been launched upon. En- than four year. It is now be for if the very basis of "all

battalions, one Australian bat gland in 1940 if British airpower,

ór details lieved to exceed two millions, calculations is shattered by a talion

evacuated had been broken, But this ex- from Greece. Thom frost pectation had not been fulfilled. and if present conditions on continuous influx of people

Greece, are weak in numbers "it(might have fallen on - Malta. the mainland continue, it is driven from their homes by

and equipment Tityre is no But this stroke, was spared "gus. feared the gute will reach bombing or other conditions. artillery, Beale of A defence The German Air Corps chad the 2,500,000 mark before the The established community inadequate, but is being rein, walled for more than seven end of the year

here are as much entitled to regards All Force proves helps mailowow! Now!

forced that one months to strike their, blow, This is a frightening pro- protection as the Chinese Intro spect in a Colony already up-- Singapo

aro at pressit no modern, lengthy kisering, could Silve

INTRODUCING THE

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