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THE CHINA MAIL, SATURDAY, MARCH 4, 1950,

WINSTON CHURCHILL'S WAR MEMOIRS. THE THIRD BOOK

THE GRAND ALLIANCE Warning to Yugoslavia

Chiefs of Staff recorded the vārībļus factors.) doveloping: 'Un- favourably against our. Balkan polley, and particularly against sending an army to Greece. They Arst emphosleed the mala changes In the situation: the depression

By Winston. Churchill

of the Greeks Commander-in- | in Athens he showed, lively, dis-- Chief; the omission of the Greeks tress and telegraphed to the to carry out their undertaking of Foreign Secretary, who had, now 12 days earlier to withdraw their renohed Coiro, as follows!!!!! troops to the line we should have to hold i Yugoslavia did not

Our efforts to warn the Yugo slavian Government must now be described. The whole detence of Salonika depended on their com- ing in, and it was vital to know dressed to the Company: CHINA-what-they-would-do-On-March come-in-the fact that 33 Greek

MAIL LTD.

2 Mr. Campbell, our Ambassador battalions were to love helped us Belgrade, met Mr. Eden in hold this line, and that now, there Atitens. He said that the Yugo-were to be only 23 at most, all battle, slays were frightened of Germany newlyformed, untried in and unscilled Internally by poll and incking in urtillery. tical dimeulties. There was n In addition I had been expec- eliance however that if they knew ted that the Greeks would be able our plans for alding. Greece they, to withdraw some divisions from might be ready to help. Mr. Eden their Albanian- front.- General and the Greeks feared lest, the Papagos now says; that this can- not be done, as they are:exhaus- enemy should find out.

ted and outnumbered.!!

MR. A. D. BENNETT British Overseas Airways Corporation.

P.P.C.-4.3.50.

DEATH

LANDAU-Mrs. Amelia Pauline, at her residence, 20 Hankow Hond, Kowloon, on Friday, March 3. Funeral will take place at the Jowish Cemelery 4-10.4.m..on Sunday March 5.

WAR AND-PROGRESS-

IN MALAYA

"

'

On the 5th Foreign Secretary Rent Mr. Campbell back to Bel- grade with u confidential letter to the Regent (Prince Paul]. In this he portrayed Yugoslávin's fate at German hands, and said that Greece and Turkey intended to fight attacked. In such a caso Yugoslavia must join us. The Re- gent was to be told verbally that the British had decided to help Greece with land and air forces as strongly and quickly as possi- ble, and that if a Yugoslav statt officer could be sent to Athiths We would include him in our dis- cussions.

The defence of Saloniku would, depend on Yugoslavia's attitude. If she gave way, to Germany, the consequences would be obvious. Shy was urged instead to join us and have a British army to fight by her side. Our effort in Greece. would be a vigorous one, and wal had a good chance, of, holding, a line.

On March 1, 1941, the Ger man Army began to move into Bulgaria and the Bulgarian Army mobilised and took, up positions

the Greek along frontier Mr.

Eden and. Generat DILL returned · 10 · Athens from Ankara.to find, d very different atmosphere,

Despite the discouraging de velopments, mentioned below. their military advisers still did. not consider it "by any meas a hopeless proposition to check" and hold the Gerinan advance on the Aliakhmon line in Mace- onia.

A marked change now. came over our views in London. The

Turning to our own dificulties, the Chiefs of Staff pointed out that they had always expected that Rhodes would be coptured with, before, or simultaneously the move to Greece; instead, this could not now be done till the This would move was over, mean that instead of our being able to concentrate our air forces against the German advance we should now have to conduct "con- siderable" air operations against Rhodes in order to protect our lines of communication to Greece. Finally, the Suez Canal was for the moment completely blocked by mitnes, and was not expected to be cleared until March 11.

The Chiefs of Staff estimated that the Germans could concen- divisions on the trate two Alakhmon line by March 15 and,

: HITALY

armoured.

Times" says it is a sounder idea even than the importa- three-more by the 22nd. One of

would ..be tion of more Spitfires and these more troops, and it points out Assuming that the Greeks could line for a short time, the best we that the very recruiting of so only delay them in front of this great a number of volunteers could hope for would be to have is not only proof of the popu- one armoured and one. New Zen- lar will but a recognition of land brigade against the first two

Gorman, divisions. the fact that this-banditry re-

hazards of the enter- an attack on the

"have they concluded. presents

is to take over all the routine general welfare, not one increased. They:

form of Government or an- did not however, feel that, they could.as yet question the military other

advice of those on the spot, who deperibed the position as not by any means hopeless.

:

March 16, 241/-

Ening

No,etrings, attached.

In v democratic lands! puppets Dre confined to the stage, but in patolite countries they can walk around,în, the streats..

hopeless bailla, and involve their country. in probable speedy

ruin, II. however,

A writer describes Britain's kucwing how little we can send welfare state as a truly grab at particular dates, they reinstitution. solve: to fight to the death, Only trouble is, I'm not ready obviously we must, ne I have for an Institution yet: already

said, share. thair ordeal. It must not be said, A local report quotes Lite and on

on your showing it cannot London "Daily Telegram.".. be said, that, having so little to give, we dragged them in by over-persuasion. I tako ft, from your attitude and Athens. telegrams, that you are sure on this point.

I have just read the Prime Minister's message to you need not emphasise to you the effect of our now; withdrawing from the agreement setually signed between: Chief of the Imperial General Staff and Greek Commander-in-Chief and now in proense of execus after March the, Australians.

We must be able to General Wilson tion here

4. Second point. It happens that most of the troops to be devoted to this, solemn duty are the New Zealand Division and

is

Low.

This is a Graphic illustration of the Times. When trying to Chronicle the News of the World received by Mail, our Star writers frequently Express, lanecuracies, possibly because their Standard. Such faults Mirsər tock of Punch

lack

and

are Illustrated by a need for a New Statesman. As a Spectator, tell the would say this may Herald the New Zealand and Australian day when the overseas Worker Governments faithfully that

will be welcomed by John Bull, If the scheme is for Men this hazard, from which they even will not shrink, is undertaken,] Only, not because of any commitment ...British entered into by reasonable chances of success? This Cabinet Minister at Athens and seems to me quite unthinkable, signed by the Chief of the Im We shall be pillorted by the

perial General

Staff, but be- Greeks and the world in i Cause Dill, Wavell, and other general as going back on our Commanders-in-Chief are con- vinced that there is a reason- word,

able fighting chance. This

your regard as implied by positive reactions to our ques- iloning telegrama...

hkuself. How can we possibly abandon the King of Greece after the assurances, given: bim by the Commander-in-Chief and Chief of the Imperial

General:Staft:as to

There 13 no question of berating the Greeks from feeling bound to reject the ultimatum." They have decid ed to fight Germany alone if

The question necessary. whether we help or abanden titem

Ister to Mr. Eden And again

the day:

in

King of Greece spoke today to Air Attache, with deep ap preciation of your visit and absolute determination to carry

THE HEAT THIGE wit Must Do

15 TO FACE À NIVOU? DR, YOUR

· BLACKSAMT PATRIOTS ANO-PURCE

LUKI.RUMANIA

action out agreed plan. of against German attacks. Hel has every confidence in the chances, fortuccess, and is satished that this confidence is shared by General Papagos and Government portance Kerem-

in

phasized then, great

of speed, and particularly of adequate air forces here order break-up the German i

to air attack, which is their cus tomary.

Initial volicnsive,

Indispensable

5. Please remember in your stresses that, so far, you have given us few facts or reasona can on their authority which be presented to these Domin- ions as justifying the operation on any grounds but noblesse oblige.

A precise. military appreciation is Indispensable.

10. You know how our hearts

Li Teung-Jen denounces the Admiralissimo as a dictator and usurper, an

This is rather like the pet calling the cockle black.

Red ΑΠ

talk of the purchases in Hong Kong is very who of. us tyrcing for those cannot make up, a rubber.

Jumping

this

Local Commies are froiding the threat of repatriation over the workers, says it heads of film

"as a

sort contemporary, Democle's sword.",

A Venu's demiller, might say.

of

as you.

In view of the stalemate following the election, might it not be better for the British government to turn its energies are with you and your great towards-nationalising the Labour

officers.

On the 7 the promised fuller statement of the case reached us

in London.

Mr. Eden to Prime Minister.

March-7, '41. Following are the views, of your envoys:

1.

Party?

Myrtle says not every woman is as young as she makes up.

A huntor has sold some baby crocodiles, to, a Sydney, animal storp,

Surely one of these would be

Whole position again fully, reviewed with the Comn pet aversion?

the.

.

manders-in-Chief and Smuts. While we are all conscious of of the decision, we gravity of can hind no reason to

vary. our previous judgment...

2. There has been no ques tion of urging Greece against her better judgment, At our first meeting at Tritoi Greek Prime Minister handed mo at the outset of the proceedings written statement announcing job. That's where I shine too." Greece's determination to re- sist an attack by Italy or Ger- many

if necessary alone. The Greek Government have: sistently maintained this will

Como?

Now that Strachey (in the pink) has been appointed to the security Investigation in. Britain, Lord Beaverbrook wonders who is going to purge the purgerS themselves.

tude,

all-

"So you've got a sitting-down

If you axe

me, opportunities further chopper attacks for should be cut off quickly, before they begin kindling an epidernic. with varying degrees. of confidence as tot

friend of mine Deep-thinking. joutcome.

assorts flint countries that have The Greeks appreciate that there is no honourable peace the Russian, benz: for netghbour open to them with Italy and are always, afraid something new Germany menacing their fron-dis bruin..

they

tiers. The Greeks can only i share the fate of Rumania, or continue the

the lodde.

struggle, whatever

without effort, on, our part, to' resist iham; Nó doubt our pres- tigg

will suffer if we

arc

• defeat....... In the 3. We have already undere: igipminidzisly, ejected, but in

"air" would, more than anything 1.01. alse, do away with the myth German invincibility and give the whole country the same confidance which he has in prospects for success. And still lateri,

The mobilisation of the civilian population in Malaya for an "anti-bandit month" may have seemed at first, to the disillusioned sceptic, to be little more than a despairing stunt. It has turned out to be. a demonstration of popular support without precedent in Malaya's history, for some. 365,000 people have volunteer. ed an amazingly high. per- centage of the entire male population. This alone is an achievement: which teary to pieces the Communist fiction about a national liberation movement. The jungle war in Malaya is in fact an at- tempt by a small armed and fanatical band of desperadoes to impose their will on all communities, and not least the Chinese, whose upon acknowledged leaders in com- munity and trade union life cordially support the civil mobilisation. The enrolment has been described by the Secretary for Defence of Malaya as the greatest united effort the Fedoration has ever seen sto

The task of the volunteers

administrative work of the security forces and to free

. While this costly campaign them for the jungle cam- paign; to isolate the bandits is being waged, reforms are from the fifth column which | proceeding apace. Elected: has: heen working for them municipalities are to be form and supplying them; to take ed in the larger centres, bused, over the work of re-settle on studies of the machinery ment of the squatters; and to in Britain and Ceylon. The institute patrols along both ambitious and comprehensive coasts to prevent smuggling education programme-ham of supplies and other material pared in Malaya by the costs into the jungle areas. The of the jungle war-is going campaign has already begun. ahead fast in Singapore, Road blocks have been set up where the, ten-year plan calls and all trucks and lorries on for compulsory education. In the roads are being checked, the present budget itifs given especially those carrying food-highest, priority, and stuffs. At the same time the schools to accommodate 90,000 security forces have moved children are to be/built in the into position.

first half of the programme, Soon after the call was sent the total cost of which, Is out by the Government, the S$200 million. The first 18 of Communists. perpetrated one these schools will be ready of the worst of their long within six months and willWe have done our best

combination catalogue of criminal violence. accommodate another 18,000

promote Balkan- They attacked and destroyed children: Singapore is justly against Germany. We must be by fire the entire village of proud of its Social Welfare agains her botter judgment Simpang Tiga in revenge for Department. It is the most Intown hopeless resistance alone when we have only handfuls of the refusal of the people to advanced organisation; of its

troops which can reach scene give them money and food. kind in South-East Asia, and

in time. “Grave Imperial Issues This outrage gave a great.im-though it has a big plan of ex-

are raised by committing New Zealand; and Australian-- troops. potus to recruitment, espe pansion laid down, the Colony.

to an enterprise which; as you cially, among the Malays, who is already spending nearly

say, has become even more have come to realise more three times as much on the

hazardous.

is merely to indicate to than over the menace the social welfare services as it is

how, our minds are work- bandits, represent to all they on the police force, In addį.. hold dear,They now form tion; the Governmentits male your and Chiefs of Stofflappening while wasinwalt Cabinet

dation Cannot forecht beir view, fá 1949′′ an overwhelming proportioning available to the Singapore

assent to operation.Wendo: Prime Minister to Mr. Eden, of the volunteers. Many of Improvement Trust for hous

not see any reasons for. expect- those who have been recruited ing schemes nearly S$16,500,- ing success except that of are going to the kampongs and 000-twice the amount ex-course we attach great weight to opinions of Dill and Wavell, explaining to the villagers the pended on the police. This is | Weż museliberate Greeks simple choice before them of over and above the initial al-]

from feeling bound to reject b freedom dr Communist, 'dom) location of: 5$3,000,000 by thei Geroan ultimatsume Tal on nation Events in China have Colonial Development Cur-their dwn they resolve to fight

Message to Eden

After reflecting alone at: Che- quers on the Sunday, night upon the Chiefs of Staff paper and the trend of discussion in the War Cabinet that morning, I sent the following message to Mr. Edich, who had now left Athens for Cairo. This certainly struck a different note on my part. But I take full responsibility for the eventual decision, because I am sure I could have stopped it all if I had been convinced. It is so new much casier to stop than to do.

Prime Minister. to Mr. Eden,

Cairo,

March ·0; '41. Situation has indeed changed Chiefs of Staff for worse. have presented serious

com- mmentary; which follows. In my nexte

no doubt given a great fillipporation, which may prove

to the falling morale of the inad ate the building jungle groups. But this sock

popular response more than counteracts this and

it goca

sored by the Cor

been inundated

"

careful not to ured

the

to

Burge Greoce

We are bound to lay before Dominions Governments

wet musts to comet extent. share their ordeal But rapid, Ger mah advance will probably pro vent any appreciable: British om being Imperial -Zorten i

eces and jongaked. Lou

Balkans by no me catastrophe for arurkay remains cho)

General, Wilson has had a most satisfactory talk with General 'Papagos this morning. He is greatly encouraged by themarked, improvement”in, the latter's: attituder He found him most helpful and anxious to co-operate; in every possible way, muévoleva meg

Minister Prime

Mr. Eden to

March 8, 241. War Cabinet are taking no decision until we receive your| teply...

: (Cairo), *

Mr. Eden to Prime Minister.

Reply

March: 0. 41.

awaited

of Imperial General; Staff and I, in consultation with the three Commanders-in- Calct, have the.. ašternodes: Examined the questions we are unanimously agreed that, despite the heavy commitments andigrave risks which aERS ALLDA doubtedly involved; despéolaiky in view of cum. Higlieds, naval and air resources, the right des elsion was taken in Athens, Palairet's. telegrams to Cario show the position- from Greek

Cairo.

March 7, 41.

1. I will bring your *MER= sured and :: deliberate reply before the Cabinet today. Meanwhile all preparations, and movements should go forward 42 utmost speed.

2:01 am deeply impressed with steadfast attitude. mala taineddly you and your m tarp advisers Only Wavell, und I presume, Wilson, on the broad meritasaftarifull know. ledgowofer localesan

to bi the

any event-to-have-fought and. suffered in Greece, would to less to ́us than to have damaging left Greece to her fate....

In the existing situation wo

all agreed that the cours advocated should be followed and help given to Greece.

taken commitments towards Greece. Eight squadrons of the RAF ground defences and ant aircraft personnel, have been perating there for months past.

4. Collapse of Greece with- |- out further effort on our, part... to save her. by intervention on Jand, after the Libyan.victories the world. khows, had, as all made forces available, would bo the greatest calamity. Yugo Alavin would then certainly be World Copyright reserved. Re lost; nor can we feel confidente production, even partially in that even Turkey would have

any language, strlofly (pro- the strength to remain steadfast hibited yard, meley act If the Germans and Italians Exclusion rights in Hong Kong

were

estabilabedin Greece, galibi, the China: Malle

(To be continued)

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