1949-07-23 — Page 9

THE CHINA MAIL, SATUŇĎAÝ, JULY 23, 1940:

DEBATE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS

WINSTON CHURCHIL.

Churchill Replies To Criticisms On Germany

DISMANTLING SCHEME

London, July 21.

Mr. Winston Churchill said today that he took a rapid on-the- spot decision to support President Franklin D. Roosevelt's -surprise-demand - for Germany's unconditionol surrender though he knew that the British Cabinet would have advised against it.

The wartime Prime Minister was replying in a debate on foreign affairs in the House of Commons to criticism by the Foreign Secretory, Mr. Ernest Bevin, that insistence on unconditional surrender had left a shambles in Germany-no law, constitution or any one to deal with.

"The statement was made by President Roosevelt without consultation with mo. I was there on the spots) had very s rapidly to consider whether the state of our position in the world was such as would justify me in not giving support to it.

Chennault's Mr. Churchill stated:

Warning

On Strikes

Washington, July 21. Former Major General Claire Chennault said today he has learned froam

responsible #ource that the dock strikes in Ludon and Bopotulu are Conn- munist-inspired,

#

prices

"I did give support to it, but loriei: "I must have regard noted the problem from the buse. ! it was not the kea which I had only in remployment in Ger- urged that we should get rid of of control of formed in my mind."

many but to the many echildren the Soviet polley

and wages in the sense The Conservative leader add-and women who were killed in ed that he had not the slightest by condituency in Wandsworth that you had a fixed kind of basis doubt that the Cabinet, would (London), and I am not going and there was nothing for the have

trade unions to do but to indulge advised against it "But to forget it."

The two leaders also had ex-in political discussion. working in a great ailatre and with loyal and powerful friends changes

the Council

"As soon as we get musetary about

the proper the occan, we had to Europe after Mr. Bevin had sat reform, We restore ticross

that

It was method of wuge ? not think

negotiations In accommodate ourselves."

Members Labour He also sad the same Mourer

pentested possible to discuss or settle any oll branches of Western German the Reds are stated

planning when Mr. Churchill said that he

question of the future of Ger-industry with very marked re- to many at

Strasbourg inclined was by no non-Com- riots

consulin," and strikes in

think that great harm caneference next month. munist ports of the Far East In

"I want

to see Germany Mr. Bevin Baid: "17 the the European Council, but I want phrase had been put lo me AL to be very careful how she is

member your Cabinet, brought in." Mr. Bevin stated.

to would never

Have agreed 1: Ho did not complain but for the "rather hard leaders of the Opposition to critlelse me when they left me such a shambles to take on."

means

the hope of shubing off possible from that particular phrase.

American and to the Nationalists

at Chion and

other non-Corn-

munist partions of As

General

(11,

warume

leader of the "Flying Tigers" in China, said he is

informed thy

as

troubles in the non-Red Astafie ports are to beghi in Japan and reach as far South

Singapore. He said the first outbreaks are planned for Yokohama and Kobe, where they

may begin

diately.

Then

They

movy South on this schedule

it was

lo

phrase

of

!!ነሮ

surrender

it

was not brought to me to agave 1. At Philippine port cities 10 in any way before it was ut

fered by that great, very august,

In September and October.

4

Handled With Care

Describing the efforts to recon- struct local government in Ger- many, the Foreign Secretary saitt that the German method of local bureaucracy had been one of the

factors biggest contributing dictatorship,

10

The work that the British Far- eign Oflee had done in this field over the lost three years hart been of vital importance.

The problem has to be hand- led with very great care, but if we can sureerd at Strasbourg in feud be- enling that age-long Later In the debate. Mr.tween

France and Germany

He also said that a magnificent Churchill again referred to

will have been a job had been done in work

education Rrra! "unconditional amino-

surrender"

atacomplished."

in Germany in the last two and Cement สา suit

Mi Churchill replied: "I think a half years. It had also been unconditional

would be better, for us to will necessary to enable Germans to there practice democracy. To do this, a und we are assembled

how the Assembly

ably government had to be created, closes to art. I hope and trust

"When we found in Moscow 2. At Hong Kong, in Octo, all-powerful ally, the President at Mr. Beyin will

make sure

In

1347

that

what the Russians of the American Republic, but that if there is a destre express- wanted was a highly centralla Singapore, batore di concur with him after heed not only in the Assembly but

Government German in the Couner of Minis'ers that

acoume making весите the acbroad views shall be taken and

Ministry of the Interior, which seems to be the most essential good fatitude given to the

The As- he will not be the prin- sembly, he

post to occupy in Russian do- ripar person to offer resistance.

nocracy. for 'It controls the "He might not find himself

policy-we would not agree, Mr. Revin said that he was

the Council

and so we set out to make a upset

and hindered 1ossessed there, in

Assembly, of the large Federal Germany." by the Alles in the dismantling the

My he commands

ber and November.

he

3. At Christmas. Generu! Chennait satd could not reveal the source of his information, but believed it to be accurate,

"I disorders begin

In

B

поп

had sak it, und reported the

matter to the Cabinet who cepted the decision."

Upset And Hindered

Reil ports from Japan to Singa- pore," he toki a reporter, "it is completely abetous it will be impossible to

send

non-Communist programme for Germany, "Amer- aid into parts of Asia.

jen took one view at one time. Cheonault General

reiterater

then altered it, appointed today that he is continuing efforts quiry committees and then put for further aid

different Nationalist, up an entirely

pasal,"

to

China and said he would remain here as long as there is any bape the American Government may do something in this respect.

General

Chenal 1:1 the operator of an airline in China. Its fights are now confined to the non-Commnist controller area, ventring abiot Canton and through West Chinn.-Associnteri Press,

LADY MOUNTBATTEN

ON INDIA

London, July 21. Lady Mountbatten, wife of the former first Governor General of India, said here today that Indla had made an amazing improve- ment in the refugee situation, turning her recent tragoviles Into wonderful opportunities for social reform.

Firs

This

ed

great powers

in that Federal Germany, hud been given Mr. Bevin was accused of be- to the Laender (individual States)

recognising

true and limited powers to the central

Dru-

ingly arts.

When

To France.

We have a responsibility

Belgium, Holland

and

all of whom were overrun and

the

Foeling Of Nationalism

of the Soviet aims authority. Mr. Harold MacMillan, Conservative, earlier opened the debate.

"All we can do is to lay down Gufully the road upon which the Germans, can travel, which Is the democratle road."

Mr. Bevin said that it might be The persistent malignancy of argued that nationalism prevail- the Soviet policy of zollowing the ed in Germany, "That may be, do not think that sloppy senti- expansionist

and Imperialist but I do not know the statesman ment about business is the right tradition they inherited from the yet who

can wipe out In a approach to the problem."

Czarist day's was clear by the inement this feeling in Germany Mr. Churchill said that whirter of 1943, Mr. MacMillan said that has been indoctrinated for the Morganthu (American)

Yel, he added, it was not until 84 years. plan on

dismantling German war industry was put forward, he diet the end of 1947 that the truth

was acknowledged. not agree with it, **Fu I can aly say that when you are fighting for life in a ferre strag "For two and a half yo gle with an enemy, you

feel berefore, our pality has been quite

differently

towards huni hampered by clinging to hopes than when that enemy is heaten that were doomed to be frus to ille ground and is suing for trated," Mr. MacMillan declared Speaking on Mr. Bevin's dif Mr. Churchill added: "Now, Aruities, Mr. Mue Millan said that the document ἐμ ever he had to achieve a volte face in brought up to me, I shall say the Labour Party. In this he hud that

do not agree with it, been very successful. "What

mercy.'

mounting scheme

▾

now

Policy Hampered

“ភេទ

left

The Foreign Secretary de- lared that insistence of "un conditional surrender" had

thing in Germany to build on no law, constitution

or any ene to deal with.

U.S. Senate Ratifies

Atlantic Pact By Overwhelming Vote

#

Washington, July 21.

The United States Senate tonight ratified the Atv-

lantic Pact by an overwhelming vote of 82 votes to 13. Immediately before the vote of ratification, the Senate rejected three Re- publican-sponsored reservations which would have limited the United States' obligations to the nations within the Treaty. The vote pledged the United States to join with Canado, Great Britain, France and eight other European nations in an alliance of mutual defence.

The overwhelming majority for approval gave the Pact, 18 votes more than the 64 or two-thirds majority required under the Constitution for the ratification of Treaties,

-

the

This is America's final ratißca- political independence or security on of the Treaty, since un-of any of the parties.

the der

Constitution it is not The Pnet was signed by necessary for the House of Re-Foreign Ministers of the nation presentatives to ratify the Pact. In Washington on April 4. The

The 20-year Pact binds Trenty does not affect the right signatories to go to the aid of and obligations under the Char- any member with such action nater of the United Nations or pre- It decins necessary, including the sent

"event

ави use of armed force in the of an attack on any of them.

The nations also agree to con- sult together in the event of a threat to the territorial integrity,

internationa! agreements

the Anglo-Soviet £29

Sovie!

Treaties. After 12 days of mild and un- debate, the Senate sensational pushed aside all attempts by a handful of

per- opponents to suade the Senate to attach rem such very large and important servations to the Treaty and rati

without alteration matters affecting our reteflons fed

with amendment. with the United States

The decision was taken in the view to throwing some invictious burden upon

me personally be old Senate Chamber where more

there could than a century ago Senators de otherwise, cause,

the bated

Monroe Doctrine. because i have been no point,

whereby the United States wns the

responsible person very

tended its sphere of mutual de- in these matters."

The pbrase 'unconditional tence to the whole of the Wes- surrender' was not brought be- tern Hemisphere.

Challenges Membørs": tore me to agree to in any way was uttered before it was

by that great, very august, all-powerful ally, the President of the Amer- lean Republic, but I did concur with him after he had said it and I reported the matter to the Cabinet, who

the de- accepted ciston.

Whether, if we had discussed it at bionic, we should have

Ex-

Senator Tom Connolly, the Chairman of the Democrat Sonata Foreign Relatians Com mittee, In his final sprechen the the Treaty,

challenged any member of the Senate to h anything in the Treaty whigh | was hostile to the provisique of the United Nations Charter

of number "I insist that in

ith: al

proposed such a plan is another provisions it proto said..

eun

years

selfndividual and

Senator Connolly

Senator

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matter. But they did accept the legiance to the decision as I, in my turn, being "It is primarily based on Article on the spol, thought I right to 51, which provides that noththe do, mail cannot feel that there in the Charter will impair the

be

of re-inherent rights of nations to pro any separation

us in the vide for ponsibility between matter, having

to the live regard

sald in which we sub- long

recommendation sequently acted together.

"Mr. Bevin rather used this to extend the Monroe Doctrine

that eplaods to suggest

the io Europe would virtually give were the United States sole responal- dificulties in Germany

the defence of greatly aggravated by the usbility for of this phrase, I am not at all whole North Atlantic area with

not no certainty Is true. sure that at all sure that, unless Hitler secure bases in Europe. had been murdered by some The Monroe

am not no

Taft's

.the

of

able to

which

-་་

in

the

Doctrine, of the plots which were levied was promulgated in 1823, stress- against him by men whom ed American opposition to E-

interference will not hesitate to call patrio- ropean

he would Americas and pledged no Ameri- tic Germans, that

Europe. in not have had the force, vigour can interference and cruelty, to carry on the Unilateral responsiblilly 'tet

carried on, to fight, as it was

the defence of Europe would the very last gasp."

provide fuel for Russian pro- Mr. Richard Crossman, Labour,

America paganda that said that the only way Western

bent on

Imperixilatic expan Europe could be made militarily sionism, Senator Connolly, said. defendable was by German He appealed to the Senate to rearmament. Did the Opposition entify the Trealy without ham- belleve in timi?

pering or crippling reservations.

Mr. Churchill, Intervenelig. said that the strongly favoured insisting on the

policy general of German disarmament.

no

3

Amendment Rejected

WAR

a

The Sennle, th its first vote on three of a series of reservá- flons to the

Past, rejectod Mr. Crossman commented that Republican sponsored amend- that statement would bring great ment saying that the

North relief

khould carry nó He said that he first heard off to the French. But if Ger- Atlantic Pact

many was not to be rearmed, he obligation for the United States the phrase in, the press.

thought Western Europe

Was to give military aid to the other When the Opposition leader.

There undefenduisle, militarily

re Pact nations. Mr. Churchill, interrupted towns

security in Western The vote was 74 to 21. This and was sorry i put my Int. | once a large party of fellow say that the first time he heard Union

but only

In an Atlantic declaration, which was propond tials to it."

travellers has now sunk to a

That was strategie by Senators Wherry, Taft and Mr. Bevin said that the dis- few unhappy hitch-hikers," Mr. was from the lips of President Union. If reality. Roosevelt, Mr. Revin said:

Watkins,

read: "The Unlied worked MacMillan said,

the phrase had been put to me Mr. Raymond Blackburn, La States ratines this Treaty: With Lady Mountbatten was appeal-out was fair boid bused on

Mr. MacMillan said that ha

bour, urged another as a member of your Cabinet, I

conference the Ing for funds for the relief of re.security.

considered Germany

had al-

the understanding that Article 8 would never have agreed to it. with Marshól Stalin. "But it commits none of the partles fugees in India at a meeting in Το an interruption by a left

ways been the kay to Euro-

When Mr. Churchill added that must be based on a policy not thereto morally or legally" to Conway Hall, Central London, Wing Labour Member, Mr. Emryr pean peace. "The true danger he did not think any great harm of appeasement but of active de furnish or supply arms, arma- which was organised by the India

Hughes, about German un-

to European peace is that

that from

particular fence."

ments,

air military, naval or Reller Committee, of which she is employment following dismant-

Germany cannot, in some way

Members phrase, Labour

Brigadier Austin, Conservative, equipment, naval or air supplies, Joint Chulman--Reuter,

ling, the Foreign Secretary re-

or other, be attached firmly to tested.

suggested that a joint Anglo- including atomic bombs, and In the West, I fear nothing can Mr. Bevin said: "My only com- American force protect

her sliding

the formation relating to much"

bombs, prevent her

on purplaint, is that when I get criti- Northern towns of Greece, the to any other party or parties to pose of by mistake

Into the cism on Germany now, I wish key to the security of the Eastern this Treaty," power and control

of

the the Opposition would take these

The Senate than rejected by East," he stated.

www

Mr. Hector McNell, Minister of 84 votes to, 11 a reservation Describing some parts of the

State for Foreign Affairs, made which would have frood: "the Government's policy on. Gor-

these points in winding up the United States of any obiigation many as naive, Mr. MacMillan'

debate.

to restore and maintain security urged that instead of dismant- ling being allowed to drag on and on, it should be done quick- ly.

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Mr. Bevin, in his reply, said: "We have done our best to try to help Germany, not only the British, French and. American Zunes, but

even the spirit and opinion of the Soviet Zone to the Western ideal.

came

pro-

fuels into account."

On diamantling, Mr. Bevin

I said Moscow, #aid: "At would clear what were called the No. 1 war plants by June, -1948. I tried my hardest to do it, and

I was completely up-

hindered and

by the Al lies. America took one view at ong time, then altered it, ap- pointed inquiry committees and then put up an

set

Mediterraneon.

Diamantlingtime +

"We hope and calculate that by about next April - we shall),

Terent proposal."tirely dif• courage, the German

The Foreign Secretary said "I think as time goes on you

that he was not you ready to re- non-aggres- Germany as a will discover. very.

Bord scuto, dit- ferences

Ive nation. evert in the Eastern Turning to', the position Sas Zone

and in the Russian attitude Berlin, Mr. Bevin said that five towards it.

months' reserve stocks were "I acknowledge that the key being built-up. As soon as that to European peace is a settlement was completed, it was hoped to of the British-American-Franco reduce the airlift, Germon problem. That is to say

In the North Atlantic area.

This reservation, which was by Senator Watkins, States un-

the

no

have finished with the dismant pre

read: "The United ling of limited industries. I hope derstands and construes Article it will be agreed that we should 5 of the Treaty as follows: that try to close that chapter and en- the United States, assumer

people to obligation to restore and mein- revive their economy and take tain the security of the North their full peel in the Council of Atlantic Bron, or to assist 'any other party or parties in Bald Europe..

Forced Labour In Russia:—

area, by armed force, or to em At the International Enhour ploy the military aid, or naval Conference in Genova, the Gov-forces of the United States un- ernment would offer "irrefutable der Article 5, or any article of evidence about forced labour in the Treaty, for any purpose, un- Soviet Russle.

less in any particular - caso the "We will offer evidence taken Congress which under.. the Con from Moscow Juelf. We are gostitution has the sole power to ing to table, and make available declare

authorise the can we, or how shall, we, bring Airlift To Continue in translation the codex of the employment of the milliary, air German adhesion to the Western "But we are going to keep the Soviet Administration relation states, shall, by and or joint re In or naval forces of the United Hemisphere? That has been A

to forced labour. It very difficult problem,"

machinery of the airlift in being that there are varying degrees solution, so provide. tinued.

in case anything happens" be

of forced Labour including exiled Third Reservation "If I understand the criticism added, "There will be dificulties in Mc.

reservation, ther with the Russians. Mr. Bevin forced labour, It will also show MacMillan's speech, all

always is because something which we have pre second submitted by Senator the steps we have taken to try to

different approach. and viously maintained, and which walking, was rejected by: 57

is quite shocking to anyone who vote to eight

we do de declared: "The unity of the even remotely thinks, as we

that, by arbfirary decrees, people whole of Europe, is our, alm."

he con

make Germany-a-demoersile-naɑe method

tion, have been either futile or pany."

Be Base Of Problem

Enumerating some

things : Britain"" had done, | Bevin said: "First of all;"

war or

The third

This reservation would), have) Mr. Churchill then wald that are removed from their home freed Congress of any oblianion the Mr. Berin had plunged back and jobs laid committed too declare war under the targe

of the Treaty Mr. across the years, into, the alstory forced labour and to forced

of the war and touched-Upon- Igbour in exile. Boufar, Joke!

(Continued on Page:14)

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