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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, APRIL 28, 1949.21

f

HOW THE WEST CAN HIT BACK

Rescuing Italy's Problem Children

By ROBERT SHEARER

Railway stations, shopping for datention is a little more than centres and hotels in all big 7,000. Italian cities are still today-- Doctor Quido Colect is

(four lines)

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REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT

any

runs

this

tako

the

By R. BROOMAN-WHITE

The cold wor develops-andļ vague yearnings for democracy, this Ume on Western initiative. that their struggle for freedom are ei significance, although dif- will be based.

Wo

are

building

13

Softening-up

Good Mor

Mum's the word, says one of our adverts. Same slogan pro valls In Government circles.

The religious lesue is, perhaps, one for the Churches rather than

Francisco Franco, now banned, barriers for Governments to handle. But,

the may soon be aboard the band- Df in

circumstances, spreed

present

need the aid of wagon. we to crouch Churches may anet disown

all propaganda machinery and Gov- for what happens erniment backing to make

left on the voices heard.

to the unfortunates wrong side?

Obvunty not.

garin.

has For instance,

been done

to

their

gagging of zently? tion of the Church, the Press, murder of political

There have been broadensts, it vigour and point that were used uppanents, and other totalitarian is true, but with nothing like the the abominations,

when we were countering infamies of the Nazis.

vhy should And why

Retaliate

rules of inter-

ex-

the bulletins

and

la the

business.

Dictating to his typlat, So pretty, neat and prim,

He little thought

day

that ono

She would dictate to him.

"Half

the

•

victime

of

atom

tering in kind, were the signing It is up to us to give them any

Time men wore sensible clothes of the Atlante Pact early this support and encouragement that

pre- we can in that struggle-cor- instead of getting hot under the month, and the, diplomatic

much the Soviets collar. lest by the Governments of Bri-tainly as

the

Paries tain, the United States

and give to the Communist

undermine seeking to Dominions against the violation who are tern Europe of the human rights by the Soviet satellites in Eas- freedom elsewhere. cinuses in the peace treaties.

What connection, if Any years after the end of guilding, spirit of the Government World War 11-infested within this particular branch. He has there between these two aspects youths snatching a living as recently finished & year's study of of the cold war? best they can from the unsus- welfare work in England and is

tremendously keen to push on ngainst the further pecting tourist,

with a planned programane of Communi, Are

whics behind thein Shoeshiners" they used to building and

organisation called by soldiers of the Ailed

shall handle the problem hore of resporitatily

The Jockey Club couki take a armies as they crunched their way

lot of the handleap out of col- Northward through the peninsula Juvenile delinquency in harmony

everything ecting dividerids it it took a We intend to have 22 centre Today the name has gone, but with the most modern methods.

If that bad possible

maka leok at local stamp counters. The the problem remains, No offlelist

throughout the country," he says,

becu our polley, we would not known behind the Iron Curtain post office is fint past the post.

photolinish) of all (with no need of Government source in Rome will which shall contain observatiun

number of centres, detent

now formally censuring Bul- the world-wide profeels school detention put a fisure on the

Hungary and Rumunto sects and creeds against the arrest when it comes to crowd control boys who are living, one might rooms and courthwards,

ses, Each main It has taken a very long say, beyond Society, but that there will have a centre for de- for their secret police, persecu- and sentence of Cardinal Minds and putting plekpockets out of

1s a matter of experience linquent children, whose problems many aro time for the Unofficial mem-to people who know such cities as bers of the Hong Kong Gov-Milan, Naples, Turin and Genon, will be dealt with from start to

finish, extending over years er materinst to make ernment

from Apart

and which probably haps, in one frstitution material proposals regarding marginal fringe

into maty thousands, betisse alone. Not as happens today a detention ward may be where the colony's hopes for demo-

while its associa LF1 cratic reorganisation of the police and welfare authorities are one city,

and But we must face the fact that not include advice on the print- strained to the limit to deal with reformatory or observation contro

ing of clandestine leaflets, Sir body.

Mark the waifa, strays and delinquents is in another."

such protests, alone, are unlikely suitable items for them, read at ruling

to abale by one turn of the screw dictation speed? that lends who do come within their Juris in Young's scheme for a muni-

Doctor Culucci's programme will

the pressure that the Communists die

No matter how much sho may satellite Govern- was sent to diction,

to realise. There is cipal council

YourK

to protests from

is almple be the upple of Uncle Sam's eye, The most recent police raids, for plenty of building labour and are now putting on the satellite me

ments, the answer London two and a half years

freedom

of your Aussles refuse to look on Japan "restore the ago, and it has still not been example, carried out on the stres material for such a project, but peuples.

do The ordinary Rome drew in 6.000 children when a Government is struggling

Press, of

as a "most favoured nation." as you are pledged to possible to have a full dress who had been abandoned by their to balance its budget, it is often national conduct no longer PPy under the Peace Treaties,

realism in Istle debate here on Whitehall's

the broadcasts will stop." parents or had left home of User notoriously hard of hearing when There is Hilt

changing diplomatle notes and own accord to see what the lights the cry la raised for publie spend.

chua reactions.

The religious question

Bees are not as busy as we on bureaucratie argum In anticipation of this, the of the big city have to offer, ing and that may be the difcally carrying

Police authorities could offer 50s here.

monts at the back of the stage, fundamental challenge of Com

the present drive think they are. They just can't senior Unofficial member,

while the 'Berlin blockade and munism. But comparable figure for other Mr. D. F. Landale, in Legis-cities but admitted the toin) musi

Church Institutions

querilla war in Greece are in against the Churches in Eastern buzz any slower.

is also part

of the pre- lative Council yesterday gave be in the thousands. A fair per-

All In all, apart from the the full glare of the footlight.

paration for a more ruthless of- to al

We are handicapping ourselves

the material sphere, fensive

In the notice of a basically different centage of these boys are taken unclasified boys referred

Use Queensberry

It is a deliberate act of psycho-bombs can be saved by blood alternative motion: scrap-home kannediately by their parents the initset, Italy's youth problem by trying to

all-wrestler. as soon as it is learned they have appears at first aight to centro rutes against an

softening-up transfusions" says an American ping the Young proposals, 00

then, can we do? logical warfare

K general. surgeon picked up by the poler. around 25,000 or 30,000 people. and instead modifying the

to the

it has been stressed repeated process, aimed at cutting off the

and people from the deepest sources within a half mile of the burst Church Iv that the Legislative Council to have

Atlantic Part institutions us under the up-work, being done by the

with

are not instru~ inspiration and hope, so that you cannot of course be counted the Unite! Western Union ervision of the Ministry of the n an Official membership of

a victim. may feel too uprooted and concert furn* 611 nine, including the Governor, Interior, or are

to Nations Board for juvenile ad- ments of aggression. On the con- charitable organisations private and 11 Unofficial members

sistance to Communist plans, picture begins trary, they are aimed at keeping broken in spirit to offor any re- It is Communist polley to in- to broaden uut into something the pence,

does not "consisting partly of members supported by funds from Switzerlace that the

But that United considerable.

mean we

That Innd, Sweden and

dustrialise Eastern Europe.

Defeated Germans are now sald remain torpidly on the elected by qualified residents

standard of means fewer men on the farms. to have a higher States.

a line drawn roughly need South of of British nationality and

workers for from

Rimini

Adriale defensive in the cold war. Re-

and more factory

living than the victorious Rus- Boys' Villages

them to feed,

#lans. partly of members nominat-

coust to Leghorn on the West and tallation is not aggression.

The

are Communists

doing foreign socielles

be Marshall to Mr. according And

It is better to The ed by the Governor.

than everything in their power to

Harold Wilson we are alding] than martial. Sardinia there are more

Western Governor to have an original already running eight boys' vill-taking in the falunds of Sicily and

democracy:arkd Italy. various parts of

can 4,000 church. institutions support- undermine vote and the the best known of which in some ing boys and girls, who are either anything we

do to weaken and abetting all this by the con- and casting

and of tractors Unued export the Communist grip on GO miles

the usual reserve power."

North of

equipment to homeless or can only partly be the

agricultural countries will. in the This new plan, which has Civitat

avecchia.

provided for from the family satellite They are doing

long run, be a safeguard, not a Batellites. We are still permitting the support of all the Un-

this trade, regardless of the fact budget. in of good work embracing officials, will not be brought veral thousands homeless Nations organisation here assists

for-In the United danger. Of such

What nonsence it is, for ex- that it may be paid forward for six weeks, in

Sys who re being taught a trail this year hout 180,000. There ample, for Mr. Harold Wilson blood of Balkan peasants.

The strong nationalist feeling IB order to give the public an

trade mons that our

relations

another point to be considered. opportunity of stating their mechanics or shoe-making under are 323,000 children of pre-school to proclaim in the House of Coms of Eastern European peoples

ago alone, ages four, five and six,

with the Communist area must

They have behind them a long, views, these to be presented the guidance of competent masters who are being fed by this agency.

by economic.. con-

of resistance to to Whitehall as soon as pos-

For this group there in at least) Clothing and shoes must be be guided

Rione

Kaps- Czara, Presumably tradition siderations of a worthwhile future.

hundreds thousands of sible.

burgs. But patriots in those coun- taught the lessons of provided for

The Italian Government is leaving the cold war out of ac-pressors-Turks, self-government, they are taught doing what it can in certain count

tries who may be prepared that loyalty is better

Surely the first question to be their lives by acting against than guile,

spheres to match the contributions to than

any com- theft, honesty

work than

Nations asked in consttiering from United of aid

mercial deal with the satellites tolerance than idleness,

Violence.

sources.

or in- whether or not directly. Ls than licence.

children's liberty

Italy requires more

lirectly, the deal would ald Com- internationa! achievement with boys who have all this year from known little but the atmosphery of units than any other European

plans for the economic and munist

development of the the war years, when poverty and country, Poland stands second and country

country concerned. Almost in- inisery were aggravated by crisis Yugoslavia third, and the rear of the guns.

great problem of youth variably, It would; otherwise they would not be negoliating with us. The Ministry of the

Interior reconstruction in Italy has many

In such circumstances;

we cares for another 10,000 to 12,000. [dark aspects. Lack of family should refuse to trade, In any day of the year there are housing is a dreadful difficulty and always that number of homeless a constant the problem a chance soaring birthrate boys and girls who are living never

gives under the supervision of the Gov-to levet off at all.

It le being tackled ernment in private institutions.

Allowing for departures during something is certainly being done the year.

for those who return to alleviate present misery. The

majority of the home or find a job, the Ministry vast looks after 13,000 to 18,000 child- vagabond or homeless children

Mr. Landale was right when he stated that it has become increasingly evident that the citizens of Hong Kong do not consider

the Young proposals the best means of giving them a full- cr and more responsible share in the management of their own affairs, and that a much more effective means of achieving this object fundamental modification of the constitution of the Legis lative Council.

is

bean

The rest of them ure sent to is only when we turn

There

ages in

all

in

pottery

12 her

malting

ren every year,

the

Home

A71

are

Joense

carpentry,

ΠΟ mena

The Government provides funds for this work as do many private nocieties. The whole structure is well-meaning but lacks organisa tlon, The problem of the moment is one of feeding and clothing the child rather than studying his educational requirements, which

will in any case

never be dealt with in anything but piecemeal as long as one central fashion Government control is lacking 10 co-ordinate the policy of villages, institutions and private agencies.

true.

The tomates have

a couple of sold meals a day, which is more than can be said for every adult under the Italian Republic.

more.

The on

children the

and

poor,

being brought up within some sort of social framework,

Protecting Civilians During A War

What more,

Hamper Them

of

a

קס

to

the Cominform want, as a mini- mum of encouragement, to hear voices from the West saying we wish them well.

Growing Hardships

to

And it would add weight what we say if we could point to the growing economic hardships of the nations outside the Wes- tern Bloe, and to advantages ready at hand for those who will

now

of

Eastern ilberties

113

Millenium

you're

When all the earth is molten, And all of the seas are steam, We shall have the "peace of the atom".

At present It's just a dream,

:

Every

пеш

always mother asks me this question: "How can keep my baby's kin in most perfect condition?"

You got any airtight systems?

•

Our local inventor is working on a four-foot toothbrush affair cleaning designed specially for the grillwork on those new American cars.

Allowing for the traffic fights. "The chase went on for three miles at speeds varying between O and 60 mph."

•

We might go further. Rather defy the Kremlin and Join us.

Action

similar or on these the Industrial de- lines would than assist.

give us a chance to velopment of the satellite powers, help the peoples should we not hamper it-at any

"Shoe trade. Wanted--good re- rate until they mend their ways Europe to regain the

denied to them. It might volutionary' pressman." about the non-observance of the

in ence Treaties?

even, the long run, contribute

-Would the oditer of "Pravda" We could stop sending capital talk reasonable terms.

towards bringing the Soviets toj do? equipment

to Eastern Europe. If we really mean what we We could refuse to ease their

say An our diplomatie protests, financial troubles we do at If we are not prepared to do so,

60

Question: "How many English present by buying supplies which let us keep our mouths shut lest words end in "sode?" they are desperately anxious to We 'be justly accused of hypo- Answer: Only one-uperside.

scil.

be in- No great risk would volved. Even a blockade is not today counted as an act of war

It is most probable that vocal groups such as the two Reform Clubs will agree with the principle of Mr. Landale's plan, but whether they will accept as ideal the skeleton details he supplies is quite another matter. If we read him correctly, when the Governor's casting vote is considered, the Unofficials

We coull seek by would be in a majority of

commercial access to one, provided they were all

ar means to deny them

vital materials they need to im- Britain with 56 other nations port. The records of the Ministry able to attend meetings. It

is taking part in the Diploma- of Economie Warfare are rich in would only require one to be

the Conference on the Red examples of techniques which absent for at least a theoreti-

Cross Convention ut Geneva might be used. cal stalemate in voting to

A Long Road

recently. The lask before the occur-assuming that the un- named number of nominated Italian welfare is at the be- conference is to discuss inter- members dared to go against ginning of a very long road. The national code of conduct during

we have learned that in Berlin. authority. If it is intended food in the Government homes in wartime and frame four con

Such measures would be no more not bad and at least a couple of

ventions for protection of to have a majority of Un- Janitors to whom I spoke in one human rights of both civilians inspired strikes against the Mar- aggressive than the Communist- officials, why leave them place said. "Qui si mangia meglio

and combatants in warfare. shall Plan in France and Italy; "You eat such a small margin? To che fuori," meaning

might well be more will be revisions of the axions bite the make the thing at all work- here better than you do outrido," Three of the four conventions but

those lines, they watch in some cases is probably ments alrendy in existence. The

words and ruthless deeds, fourth will be entirely new. In spite of all their threaten- is designed to give civilians the the men in the Kremlin are not pame

of measure

protection having it all their own way, even during war already accorded to

to behind the Iron Curtain. wounded soldiers and prisoners, Communism is striking at the Another innovation is that these three things the peasants binding due to civil war or any their religion, their country, and mado Eastern Europe hold most dear:

outbreak of hostilities taking their land. It is on these three forms of a undeclared war.

foyalties, rather

than on any Nations who sign them will

to required similar protection to Inhabitants corded to civilians in general as of any territory occupied during is recognised to be right of com-

be under cratic. It isn't, but even the hostilities. They will

obligation to request # noutral If anyone thinks this is most eager must remember stato to act as protecting power ture, deportation and punishment going too far along the that this is a colony, in diff to watch over those living in without proper trial will be out- utopian road of freedom, it cult times, and that even a such areNAS,

The Conference's most dim-lawed when this new convention towards self- is pointed out that Mr. Lan- step forward

is ratified. be to be cult taak will undoubtedly

The Governments dale suggests the Governor government is much retains "the usual reserve desired. The Landale pro- for

protecting elvilians. It is come, signatories will

D pected to introduce course posals, if adopted wholly of also the most important for man- legislation to make it effective, power." This of means that if elected mem- partly, will mean another kind in general since in their would bers tried, by virtue of their long wait while brains in the case conflict between what is who break its provisions could majority, to impose on the Colonial Office ponder the only very mildly ex be apprehended, brought to trial colony something, shall we matter anew Nevertheless, pedient is very often the most and punished.

Lacute.

The general aim of the Red say basically anti-British, this is the best plan yet put * Punishment'

Cross is to

ailovisto cruelties of the Governor may on his forward by responsible It is proposed that security war. During its 85. years of work own authority reject the sources, and provided certain zones should be marked out in Briinin has always, taken, a leade entire scheme and refuse to | modifications are made in it, which aged, mothers and children, ing part ing promoting where. let it be tabled," you there is no reason why the could take refuge and the right ever possible this beneficent hu

This may not sound demo- public should not support it, I to good treatment would be ac- manitarian aim.

conventions are

able оп should outnumber the Off- cials by about 50 per cent. Also, as we have implied. nominated members should

The wayward and socially dan be sufficiently few to avoid

gerous boys are a class entirely swamping elected representa apart from those that have been tives of the people, otherwise mentioned proviously. They are the whole thing becomes a the special preserve of the Mini- farce, and even a token de-try of Justice. The number for a

all now being held in houses

Italy gree of self-government will again be denied the people who have waited for it for so long.

nlea be

to

bo

win

accord

"to draw up this now convention

of

batants" who are hounded or cap- tured. Taking of hostages, tor-

which be

special

mean that those

crisy.

Next question

FROM CALDBECKS

The line

and the lime

FOR

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