1949-01-06 — Page 8

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THE CHINA MAIL; THURSDAY, JANUARY 6, 1949. "7

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ENGINEERING PAGE

WESTERN UNION BRINGS ADDED POWER TO EUROPEAN NATIONS

By G. R. PETERSON

Closer co-operation between the European nations through Western Union offers substantial, though not spectacular, possibilities for a more economic exploitation of the remaining un- developed power resources of Western Europe; and for a more economic use of those already developed.

It must not be thought from this, however, that there has previously been a lock of international co- operation in the supply of electricity. Such is for from the cose.

cannot econontently be transport-

There are many locally imm- portant schemes for supplying that there is the possibility of electricity from one country to substantial benet through West-

ern Užvina. another; there are nisu inter-

But It is evidently just as dm- national agreements for the portant to make the most econo- coramon development of the mic use of existing electricity water power resources of rivers į generating plant as it is to plan and watersheds forming inter- | the most economic exploitation of national frontiers.

ti

SUITA

i resourers is yet undeveloped. In

the countries of Western Europe! Assoemtioner such

The electricity was first supplied by a World Power Conference, the large number of isulated generat Conference IntermaDonate desing stutiuus, each with is fora Grands Hesenux Electriques, and | distribution System. With IT1- the Union Internationale des provements in the technique ef Producteurs et Distributeurs (7 transmitting electricity over high

Energie Electrique, have for many

any voltage lowes, however, # WAN yeurs exiled 1 encourage thefound that substantial economies exchange between

could be obtained by connecting technical PROKKENS and ideas. these stations by a network, or Susce

World War 11

even KTAL

imes: closer

eu-operatkan his been cases

sin Britain, the grid established, an the detailed | envers practically the whole coun- techutent and economic problems, try, while in other cases there connected with the best develop-ner a number of regional grids. ment and use of European power The principal evomainig inivan- under investigation | tages whiels are obtained by form- by the Power Committee of_the] Ing those grids me as follows » Organisation for Europem Ern- ziomie Co-operatium

(1) Less and by the {

spare generating Power Committee of the Economie plant is needed. Since electricity Commission for Europe--the lat- | chônot be stored, except in small ter having now taken over the qualities, it is accessary to pro- work begun after the war by the vide sufletent generating plant to Public Ufilities Panel.

allow for breakdowns. In Isolated generating station this The main Sources of energy

means that the spare plant capa- from which electilelly is produc- elty must not be less than the ed in Europe are the callelds capacity of the largest item of and the water power of the plot in the station, mountains oni rivers, although number of stations are linked by oil, natural gas, industry gas, and a grid, this can be used to make other sources of energy are also good a breakdown in one statio

Resources Ist

P

But if 20

locally important. Some coun

my power supplied from the apar

fries such 6 Switzerland, rely chant in

more of the almost entirely on water phwer. other stations; in these conditions Sume, such as the United King is obvious that much less spare plant is requirut, The capitul saving from this reduction in spare plant is often more than sullicinat to pay tot the whole cost of the grid required.

ely almost entirel coat Others, such as France, use both. The clectricity requirements of Western Europe an increasing, and further exploitation of these energy resources Is proceeding,

resources

ยาน

of

Nearing completion on Teca-side is the new ore-unload. ing plant of the Dorman Long Company, Bulit to handle eco- nomically Imported ore rich in from content, it will serve tho'

well existing Cleveland and Redcar steelworks as

under construction.

Lackenby plant, now

Historic Building

To Be Preserved

the

British engineers have just completed the first stage of a unique architectural fout in the heart of London. A building of great historic interest is being lowered intact to a depth of 20 feet in Whitehall. Above it will than be built 270,000 square feet of Government offices.

been moved both horizontally and vertically.

The offices will occupy part of such antiquily has been dealt of a site on which King Henry with in this way. Experts con- (2) Less total generating, VIII's Whitehall Palace origin-sider that it is also the first oc Planned Development plant is needed. The demand

for electricity varies throughout ally stood. It is a section of casion on which a structure has

is being the day and year according to this palace which But these varying economic merit and are 100

local habils, climate and indus bodily removed and lowered. scattered throughout Europe. It tries, and may reach a maximum The object is to preserve intact The cellar has now been lifted

at different times in different the crypt dating back is evident, therefore, that

to the clear of lis

original site

and planned development of Euro-places. By connecting a group of 16th Century known as the moved intact in one side. The peat emergy resources as a whole Berating stations advantage can King's wine cellar, by the co-operation of the Eurovide only suficient pinnt to incet be taken of this diversity to pro- pean nations must be more eco-

maximum demand than name

the development by the

system as a whole; and this may separate national schemes.

each whirl

be appreciably less than the perforce relying

of the sources exist within its frontiers, Aggregate

individual maximum demands of the din- It will, of course, be realised that

tribution networks concerned. rust of the comparatively high

(3) Lower transmiting electricity will.

total production most cases, still make it cheaper to supply the greater part of the electricity requirements of rach country from the exploitation of its own local resources.

On the ticularly there. the

NO-

in

other hand, par-

will be

where enses mast economic source

second stage, will be to stile it 25 feet and then restore it to its Relatively modern buildings original position on this lower have frequently been

moved level, A ten-storey Government bodily in the United States. But building will then be constructed this is probably the Arst time above it. that a structure so valuable and

gained by grid costs are possible. At most times countries have Di the year there is Avaliable peration could also be obtained a whole is not more generating want capacity by Europe as than is needed to meet the de-

novel. There have been many mand for electricity. If the go- much detailed work on this prob- schemes for European grids and eroting stations are operated in- dependently, then al such times Jem at present being done by the output of ench must be re- Econonle Commission for Europe

the Power Committees

On

the other hand, it

of the

The construction weight nearly 800 tons and measures about 70 feet by 30 feet, Be. fore being moved it was under. planed with girders of steel and concrete as well as rein. forced Internally. This has enabled it to bear the strain being shiftad to a distanco of 70 foot on steel rollers,

of

10

in frontier nreas, duced.

It will require five days of lower it the stations are connected by a and the Organisation for Euro-enreful handling

Economic peast

Co-operation, the required 20 feet. This will of supply will be in a neighbour grid then the total reduction in output required can be made at

The United Kingdom

and if the technical problems of jacks are to be used.

ing country. This will be especi- the less economical stations, and in the work of a la assisting be done one eighth of an inch ally likely where the neighinar-power can be supplied to them

over the grid from the economical stations, t generation can be concentrated.

which

ing country possesses large water power resources. or low grade

coal deposits. It is particularly

in the planned development, on à European scale, of such resources which (unlike high grade coal)

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Grid Operation

inore

The economic advantages of grid operation, which have been achieved in many of the indivi- dual countries of Europe, can Also be gained In Europe ՈՎ whole. It is true that the inter- connection of large systems does not yield the same advantage la reduction of spare plant as does the Interconnection of Individual stations; although some reduction may be possible, particularly in the case of the smaller networks And in frontler areas. On the other hand, there may be even greater advantages to be gained in Europe as a whole than in in- dividual countries by the concen- tration of generation in low cont stations, particularly those using low grade coal and cheap water power.

It

niso probable that the diversity in the men of maximum demand for electricity is greater as between the Euro- pean nations thun as between the distribution, networks within Ane dividual countries. Considerabló differences

exist bolwedn climates, habits and industrial practices of the European coun tries and, because of variations in longitude, there is even some difference la. the tinies when electric lighting is required.

The idea that the

economie advantages which individual

committees, At a time. and 186 sixteen-ton

transmitting power Scrosa the Channel for the present prevent a This cellor is considered to be direct participation in the elec-rivalled only by the great wins tricity supply systems of Europe, cellar in the Palace of Hampton the United Kingdom ean, never- Court. Brick frames which car. theless give valuable assistance ried barrels are still to be seen. by the supply of electrical plant It is connected by a lobby and high grade coal, which will directly with the Great Hall used release lower grude conts in Eu- by King Henry VIII and rope for power generation.

inat Wolsey.

THE NOVEMBER/DECEMBER

NUMBER OF

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