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THE CHINA MAIL, WEDNESDAY, MAY 12, 1040,"

The

Twenty-third Churchill's Memoirs

Instalment

THE NAVAL POSITION IN 1939

חם

HUYSSEN VAN KATTENDUKE, of the Admiralty

CR May 2, 1948, in Maras Royal Navy. The four H. Buyssen van Katlendike the duty of preparing the Flect against Russian descents on the extent

Huxu

md no reason to assume that its French Navy and Its fortified Newspaper opinion, hended by I had not held publie office for science, training or #kli was in harbours, were sufficient to The Times, favoured the princi-11 years. I had therefore no any way defective. Apart from drive the Italian ships from the ple of a War Cabinet of not more responsibility for the past or for the-shortage of cruisers and des- son, and should secure complete than five or six Ministers, all of any want of preparation now ap troyers the Flect had been main naval command of the Mediter-whom should be free from de- parent. On the contrary, 1'' bad tained at its customary high stan-francan within two months and partmental duties. Thus alone, for the last alx or seven years dard. I had to face enormous possibly sooner.

it was argued, could a broad and been a continual prophet of evils duties, rather-

The British domination of the concerted view be taken a hinumerable

upon which had. now is large measure Mediterranean would inflict. In-war policy, especially in its larger come to pass: than an antagonist.

Juries upon

enemy, Italy.spects. Put shortly, "Five men fetal

Thus, armed as I now wax with My views on the naval stratigle which might be

to her with nothing to do but to run

the mighty maching of the Navy. aitution were already largely power of continuing the

war the war was deemed the ideal, or which fell In this phase the

in There are,

however, many sole burden of active, fighting, I hed, us the reader may be formed when I went to the AdAll her troops in Libya and

Objections to practical aware, a considerable knowledge miralty. The command of the Abyssinin would be cut flowers

ich did not feel myself at any dis and uf the Baltic was vital to the enemy. in a vase.'

The French and our people In

course. A group of detached advantage, and had I done so, it years Scandinavian aupplies, Swedish

desired, white theirs

ncuminal authority, are at a scri-

courtesy and loyalty of the Primie ous disadvantage in dealing with Minister and his colleagues, would be overweighted, It not

the Ministers at the bend of the

Although the Prime Minister arent Departments vitally con was my senior by some yours

in cerned. This is especially true of

age,

almost the only

Thl might well the Service Department.

The

War Cabinet Ministers antediluvian.

have been a matter of reproach themselves would naturally be

In a time of criais, when it was diffident of challenging the rear natural and popular to demand ponsible Minister, armed with all the force at young men und new his facts and figures.

such u

sar, Celebes, to Mr. and Mrs, 3 From 1911 to 101 when I had fore, and. above all, protection / Egypt could be reinforced to any Statesmen, however high their would have been removed by the neo Kleijn, the gift of a son. for war and the task of directing long undefended northern coas siarved, Not to hold the Central'

ffrecce.

Blubs.

assault

severance

and

one

were

They tend therefore to become nore and mare theoretical super- visors and commentators, reading an immense amount of inaterial

Mr. Churchill reviews in this instalment the naval position at the beginning of the war, and discusses the principles of composing a War Cabinet.

the

bbtained.

compro-

ideas.

wan

I saw therefore that I should have to strive my utmost to keep pace with the generation now it power and with fresh young giants who might at any time up-

relied pear. In this 1 knowledge as well as

upon all possible zeal and mental energy.

For this purpose

In

спе

11

even

during the first of Gerninuy-in one

place the Admirally 10 critical months, had been the more than 100 miles from Berlin Mediterranean would be to ex- -made it imperative for the Ger. pune Egypt and the Canal, s must vivid of my life.

studied man Navy.

tu dominate the Baltic. well as the French possessions, In the interval I had

Mavat I was therefore sure that in this invasion by Italian troops

not with German leadership. BRITAIN'S FOREIGNd written much about

fatinus. 1 had spoken repeatedly jopenile ise her command of that?

phase Geriumy would not POLICY

upon them in the House of Com

I had acceptert Ing readily it always preserved a sea. Thus, while submarines when out of office the Admiralty The outstanding features of else contact with the Admiralty rating cruisers, or perhaps

Review of the extent to which the be neat

been mastered. foremost porket battleship, might The two days' debate in the and, although their

When Willst the techulval efficiency of be raked which House of Commons on foreign eritle in these years I had been out to disturb our traffic, no ships sumarlae had

trude privy to many of their would

necessary to the Ballle control, the Asdic apparatus was proved affairs were the general ap-

secrets.

Fleet, ns at this I was of course, fambar fram The German preciation of the gravity of

with the moment developed, must aim at the European situation and the the published records general approval of the broad strength, composition and struc- this as its prime and almost its

actual

and

sole objective. kure of our Fleet,

had recourse lines of Government's policy.

those uf For the main purposes of Sen prospective, and with

method of life which had That there should be criti-the German, Italian and Jaganese Power and for the enforcement of

been forced upon me at the Ad- critle und aspur, our principal naval offensive men.

1015, and mirally in 1914 wid nt cism on detail was of course Navies,

which I found greatly extended inevitable. It is, indeed, the my public sperches had naturally sure, the Blockade, we must

well, upon weaknesses and short course maintain a superior feet, in

my daily capacity for work. FROM HANOI VIA HAIPHONG very purpose of debate. And comings and, taken by themselves, our northern waters; but no very

there is still much disquiet had by no means portrayed either large British naval forces were, it in many early encounters with every day, but doubtful how to always went to bed at least for

hour

as early as possible in May 17th

the Royal seemed, needed to watch the de-boats, our anti-U-bout resour. use their knowledge without do

the afternoon and exploited to Monday

among the Government's own the vast strength "of

Navy or my own confidence in it. bouches from the Balile or from ces were far too limited to pre-

ing more harm than good. FOR PAR18 VIA SAIGON

vent our suffering serious losses. apporters about, for example,

it would be unjust to the Cham- the Heligoland Bight.

Ofter they can do little more the full my happy gift of falling almont Immediately Into deep would be mark. Nothing of major importance oc- British security

than arbitrate or find. the development of events in berinin-Administration and their

that, edly increased if an air-attack-red in the first year of

ise in inter-departmental dis- sleep. Service advisers to suggest

meana I was able to putles.

By this It is therefore necessary

work Bul on the whole there is a the Navy had not been adequately upon the Kiel Canal rendered that boat warfare.. The Battle of reserved for prepared for a war with Germany, side-door from the Baltic useless, the Aliantic way

that the Ministers in charge of press a day und hall's

Nature had not ku- preater unity of opinion in the for with Germany and Italy, The even if only at intervals. A year 1941 and 1942.

In common with prevailing

the Foreign Office and the fight into one, Ing Departments should be in- tended mankind to work from House of Commons--and ineffective defence of Australasin before I had sent a note upon this the country generally than and Indy in the face of a simul serial operation to Sir Thomas Admiralty belief before the war. I did not sufficiently measure the

tegral members of the supreme eight in the morning usil! mid- Japan raised riskin.

without that refreshment night body, danger to, or the consequent de- October 29, 1938, but in ut any time since the end of aneous attack by

more serious difficulties,

British warships Of course, where the Prime of blessed oblivion which, In a war with Germany the terrent upon,

kist: 20 minutes. Is the second World War.

this case-which was at the mo

of the Kiel Canal from air attack. The air almost Minister himself becomes Minis-if it only The Communist coup in ment unlikely-such an

Involved the would be an achievement of the inunedlutely proved itself a for-ter of Defence, a strong compres-sumielent to renew all the vitni

forces inenace, especially in sion

Personally. Czechoslovakia has had a suc-ught well have

tu midable Owing Arst importance. United States.

I regretted having to send my- den effect, as of a chemical

there being few locks, and no the Mediterranean. Malta, with when I was placed in I therefore felt, when I entered

marked dilference of sea-level at its almost negligible alr defences, did not like having unharnessed self in bed like a agent which suddenly clarion my duties, that I had at my

I prefer-afternoon, but I was rewarded by the two ends of the Canal, ts presented a problem for which Ministers around me, fies a cloudy solution. And disposal what was undoubtedly

Interruption by K.E. bombs, there was no immediote solution, red to deal with chiefs of organ-being able to work through

isations rather than counsellors. night until two or even later- that effect has been enhanced the nest-tempered instrument of

even of the heaviest type, could On the other hand in the first year no British capital ship was swiftly be repaired.

Everyone should to a good day's sometimes much later-in and reinforced by the conduct val war in the world, and I was sure that time would be granted

for morning, and begin the new day work and be accountable of the Russians in Berlin.

If however many bombs of sunk by air attack." medium size Bitted with me

Bome definite task, and then they between eight and nine o'clock.

This routing

observed There was no sign at this ma- do not muke trouble for troti- Except for a tiny minority,

fuses, some set for a day, others

throughout the wat, and com- it is now accepted-however

for a week, and others for a ment of any hot netion or in- ble's sake or to cut a figere.

mend it to others if and when month, &c., could be dropped in tent upon the part of Japan. The reluctantly-that Europe is

main pre-occupation of Japan

And it necessary for a long they The tremendous naval situation

the Canal, their explosions at now divided into the "wo

Mr. Chamberlain's original War spell to get the lust scrap but of uncertain intervals and in un- was naturally America. On no

must anything which Cabinet plan was almost imme- the human structure.. camps" whose existence Mut 1914 in no way repeated itself.

certain places would close the secount Now, the Germany Navy had only

The First Sea. Lord, Adml. Zhdanov proclaimed at the begun their rebuilding and had no

Canal to the movement of war threatened in the Far East divert dintely expanded, by the force of ships or valuable vessels untlius from our prime objectives in circumstances, to include Lord Found, as soon as he had real- foundation meeting of the power even to form a line of bat-

Halifax, Foreign Secretary: Sirised my technique, adopted the whole bottom had been Europe. Comintern. It is realised file. Their two great battleships,

We could not protect our in-Samuel Iloare, Lord Privy Seal, himself, except that he did not Bismarck and Tirpitz, both of deeply dredged. Alternatively,

teresis

and possessions in the Sir John Simon, Chancellor of the actually go to bed, but dozed off that this division

which, it must be assumed, had) special fuses with magnotic ac

Yellow Sea from Japanese at Exchequer: Lord Chatfield, Min-in lis armchair. He even curried! deliberately created by the transgressed the -agreal Treaty tustion should be considered.

The phrase About magnetic inck.

we ister for the Coordination of De-ar polley so far as often to go The farthest point Soviet Government. And it limits in tonnage, were at least a

of could defend maines is interesting in

view

if Japan carné In fence; and Lord Hunkey, Minister to sleep during the Cabinet meet- ings. One word about the Navy to is realised that the Soviet year from completion.

The light

suЯiclent battle cruisers, what was soon to come upon us.would be the fortress of Singa- without Portfolio,

To these were added the three we however,

to the fullest ac- camp is, in its intentions, Scharnhorst and Gneisenau, which No special action had however pore,

Singapore wOR. US from Service Ministers, of whom I now aweken him dynamic expansionist and had been fraudulently increased been taken.

Japan as Southampton from New became one. In addition it was livity. Nothing slipped past his that the that by the Germans from 10,000 tons politically aggressive;

Dominions vigilant ear, or his comprehend- York. Over these 3,000 miles of necessary

Sirig mind. the Western democracies have 20000 tons, had-been-completed

Italy had not deciured war, and salt water Japan would have to Sceretary, Mr. Eden, and In 1938. Besides this Germany defend themselves and had available the thres

it was already clear that Musso- send the bulk of her Fleet, escorl John Anderson us Home Secre "pocket

(To Be Continued) Lons, Ad- lint was waiting upon events, their way of life against a battleships" of 10,000

at least 80,000 men in transports tary and Minister of Home Se- persistent and continuous miral Graf Spee, Admiral Scheer this uncertainty, and as a measure in order to effect a landing, and curity, though not actual mem-

and Deutschland, together with of precaution till all our arrange begin a siege which would end bera of the War Cabinet, ahould World Copyright reserved. offensive from the East. two fast eight-inch-gun cruisers of ments were complote, we thought only in disaster if the Japanese be present on all occasions. Thus production, even partially, in any

divert our shipping sea-communications were out at our total was cleven. This does not mean that the 10,000 tons, six light cruisers, and 1 best to

any stage. people in Britain expect war some 10 destroyers and smaller round the Cape,

DI Wn had, however, already

These views of course ceased to or regard war as inevitable.vel there was no challenge in jour side, in addition to our own There is in Britain no trace surface craft to our comment or preponderance over Germany and apply once the Japanese had c Italy combined, the powerful cupled Indo-China and Slam and had built up a powerful army. of War-mongering." Nor is the seas. There was there any parallel to the that the British Navy was over-feel-of-France, which by the re-and-very heavy-air-forces-unts whelmingly superior to the Ger-markable capacity and long ad

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make good the oversights of peace and to cope with the aqually certain unpleasant surprises

war.

•

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121

far

steady Bow of invective and man en strength and, in numbent, ministration of Admi. Darlin had/300 miles away across the Gulf

a half.

been brought to the highest of Slam. This, however, dil unt strength and degree of efficiency occur for more than a year and ever ullained by the French Navy

As long as the British Navy since the days of the Monarchy.

Should Italy become mostile, was undefeated, and as long s of Australia or New Zealand by our first battlefield must be the we held Singapore, no invasion Mediterranean. I was entirely opposed, except as a temporary Japan was deemed possible. We Australasia a good convenience, to all plans for could give

guarantee lo prefect them from quitting the centre and merely sealing up the ends of the great this denger, but we must do it lufondsen. Our forces alone, in our own way, and inflic pro- even without the aid of the per sequence of operations.

abuse which the Soviet press directs against not only the "monopoly capitalists" but the position in Berlin. against the Socialist parties "We are in Berlin as of of the West.

right," he said. "It is our in There is instead-not only tention to stay there. I hope in the Labour movement-a that the attempts to settle willingness and a desire for these problems by a war of restoration both of friendship nerves will be brought to an and of co-operation with the end." Soviet Union and with its as- That on the one side. On (FARE)sociates.

the other, he was equally | CARNIVAL But there is also a realist emphatic in his insistence HK$180.-

appreciation and acceptance that the British Government 35.- of the fact that, at any rate and the British authorities in for the present, the Soviet Berlin had "kept quite cool 300.- Union desires neither friend-,and refused to be irritated." ship nor co-operation, that it! Those sentences sum up and 250.- takes every opportunity to epitomise British policy to- reject co-operation and uses wards the Soviet Union. It 400.-

every device to destroy, even is one of preparedness for the. the remnants of friendship.worse but of hope for the best. 200.-

It is an aggressive and pro- It is one of firmness coupled 240.-

vocative mood.

with patience and prudente- Faced by that situation-oven under, delibérate pro- 320,-

the dangers of which are only vocation. And there is all 350.-

too evident-the House of the time a readiness to reach Commons as a whole made a "real and lasting settle it clear that it endorses and ment" provided that it is real- approves the twin lines of and not simply a dishonest British policy.

devíce "so designed as to fié Those lines are, first, to clude méthods of furthering consolidate the. defensive the Communist objective."; forces-of-the-West, lest-weak-j Thüro-éan bé_n_peacofill- ness might tempt: the Rus-settlement for all Europe sians to turp from a political without very great difficulty to a military offensive. And, if Russia will genuinely re second, while firmly opposing ource her Imperialist, ains all attempts at encroachment of expanding her hegemony and refusing to yield to the over other States and her pressure of a "nerve' war," to Communist alms of ověř- abstain from any action which throwing the "capitalist de might make the situationmocracies", and of establish- worse from meeting pro ing Communiat. dictatorships vocation by counter-provača- throughout Europe, w tion.

But, unless and until sho Mr. Bevin, in effect nummed does so, Western Europe must up that whole policy in a few remain, calmly and unexcit- Isentences...when... referring-to.

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'Gentle Woman'

the

the

Gets Yard's Goat

London, May 11.

Ro-

Scotland Yard, which rospects the sensibilities of to- firing old ladies who want nothing to do with the palico, became impatient today with a wo- man who may have a clue to the identity of a murderer.

Handwriting experts said the woman, "gentle, ageing and By Dick Turner self-effacing", has written to Scotland Yard twice to say that on Feb. 8 she took a photograph of the grave of her mother in London's Tower Hamlet Cėmė- fery.

In-the background_of_the_plo ture, when it was developed, was the figure of a little girl who, the Lcorrespondent sald, is undoubted- Fly Elleen Lockhart, 5, who vanish- ed on that day and who was found strangled

n .bomb- wrocked building on Feb. 11,

in

Sergeant Loses His Case

London, May 10..

A former British Army ser

geant alleged to have amassed Standing beside the little girl, £20,000 by bribes while sta- said the correspondent,

WAS a

man whom the police would like tioned in Cairo during the to identify and question. war, lost an action against the The correspondent signed her Crown today for recovery of name but gave no address because, £13,632, which the Crown ot, reluctance to get involved, In

"gcancialous excitement:"

seized.

The man, Charles Henry Rend÷- numerous public state. ments the Yard saldt. would ing, was said to be now living in respect the lady's 'sensiblilties, Cyprus.

If she posted the vital negative

In explain convelope.

For the Crown, the Attorney- General, Sir Hartley Shawcross,

But there has been no reply said in the High Court that and today a Yard officer said im-Reading got the money by riding In uniform in a lorry engaged in patiently:

elt whisky and brandy frame. presence prevented police Inspection.

"Whereas wo have every, position to be considerate, we cannot permit an understandable The Judge said that the Crown reluctance on the part of a lady was entitled to the money on the to stand between "us and duly

uyground that it was the employer

Tomorrow vid start 100k esponer by. Vtitud ohister

this

1-6

"Before 1 phone your wife that you're working jate tö night, maybe you should know that I've got a date!'s

secondary club.

for of Reading. If a servant acquir Prospects are that the reluctand view in the senap that the assets, lady will be

for every or facilities, or position he oc found, Londoner.

to sign" mumerous cupled were the foal entise of his documents, such as receipts for obtaining the money, he was no

ration tickets, Fund - thờ- Lärif-11"} voluitable, ta' ħin mand & army.

preputed to study soine millions Redding's uniform

Akad pasilien were the rolersonsfor

'hia getting the money

of signatures lá did the clated Fress.

Reutor..

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