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DEATH

XAVIER-On May 1, 1948 at his residence, 741 Rue Rotard, Shanghai, Fernnulo Ovlilto

"THE"CHINA" MAIL, TUESDAY, MAY ́11,"1948.

Poland was attacked, by, Ger- mady at dawn on Sept. 1., The Da Rocha Xavier aged. 49. mobilisation of all our forces was

dearly beloved years,

the morning hus-ordered during band, of Mrs. Cecile Xavier The Prime Minister asked me to and father of Trixie and visit him in the afternoon Rudy.

Downing Street.

U.S. POLICY IN CHINA

}

a

ht

He told me that he saw no hope of averting a war with Germany with that he proposed to form i small War Cabinet of Ministers without Departments to conduct

tional

་

still

had

active mea-]

the

The

Twenty-second Churchill's Memoirs

Instalment

AT

THE CALL OF HONOUR

hopes. that the Liberals would Join him.

He invited me to become member of the War Cabinet. I agreed to is proposal without camment, and, on this basis we had a long talk on men and men-

suren.

After some reflection, I fell that the average, age of the, Min- were to form the isters who supreme executive of war direc- or would be thought too high, and I wrote to Mr. Chamberlain afler midnight accordingly:

Aren't we a very old team? 1 make out that the six you mentioned to mo yesterday nggregate 388 years or on aver- nge of ove 64 Only one year

over short of the Olá Age Pension! If, however, you added Sinclair (40) and Eden (42) the avCT- age comes down to 571⁄2,

Wor

the Dally femald is right that Labour will not come in, we shall certainly have to face a constant stream of criticin as well as the many disappoint- ments and surprises of which There-' Jargely consists. fore it seems to me all the more to have the Liberal important Opposition firmly Incorporated in our ranks, Eden's Influence

subs with the section of Conserv- alives who are associated with him, as well as with moderate Liberal elements, also seems to me to be a very necessary rein- forcement.

20

The Poles have now been un- der heavy attack for 30 hours, aid I am much concerned hear that there is talk in Paris of a further Note. I trust you will be able to announce our Joint Declaration of War nt latest when Parliament ments this afternoon.

Tie Bremen will soon be put of the interception zane unless

Nothing had been--sald about

may become necessary, but I bled. Everyone was cheerful réel entitled to ask you to let and Jocular, as is the English when I should formally receive me know how we stand, both manner when about to encounter publicly and privately, before the unknown. the debale opens at noon.

carnage 8111

my Omice from the King, and in • fnet. I did not kiss hands till the Ofth. But the opening hours of It seems to me that if the. As I gazed from the doorway war may be vild with navies. I Labour party and, is I gather, along the empty street and at the therefore sent word to the Ad- the Liberal party, are catrang- cowled room below, my Imagine miraity that I would take charge ed, it will be dimeult to formation' drew pictures of ruin and forthwith and arrive at six an effective' War Government

vast explosions p'elock. On this the Board were on the limited basis you men-shaking the ground; of buildings kind enough to signal to the Fleet, floned. consider that'a fir- clattering down in dust and rub- "Winston 1 back." ther effort should be made to ble, of Are-brigades and ambul- Uring in the Liberals, and in nnces scurrying through tha So it was that I came again · addition that the composition smoke beneath the drone of hos-to the room I had quitted in pain and scope of the War Cabinei tife aeroplanes. For had we not and you c''scussed with me requires all been taught how terrible air

raids would be?'

There was a feeling to-night The Air Ministry had, in na- in the House that injury hadtural self-importance, greatly ex- been done to the spirit of nn-'aggerated

power. The

their

In this first extract from Book II of his narrative—a section which he calls "The Twilight War"-Mr. Churchill describes the fruitless attempt of Mr. Chamberlain to com-. pose an all-party Government in September, 1939, and reveals his own feelings on returning to the Admiralty.

**

sorrow almost exnelly, a quarter of a century before, when Lord Fisher's resignation had fest to my removal from my post as First Lord and ruined firentrley- ably, as it proved, the important conception of teeing the Dar- danelles,

A few feet behind me, as I sat To my old chair, was the wooden nap-case i had net fixect in 1913, and inside it still remaitied the chart of the North Sea on which each day, in order to focus atten

tlon on the supreme objective, I

made the Naval Intelligence Branch record the movements and dispositions of the German High Sens

Fleet. Since 1911 nuch more than a quniter of 'century had passed, and tional unity by the apparent [pacifists and sought to play on peril threatened us at the honds weukening of our resolve. I pubile fears, and thase of us who for the same nation.

do not underrate

And still mortsl

the dim- but so long pressed for prepara- Once again defence of the culties you have with thethon tint a superior Air Force.

right of a weak State, outraged French; but I trust int we while not accepting the most and invaded by unprovoked ag- shull now take our decision turi forecasts, lind been content

Kression, forced us to draw the Independently, and thus give they should act as a spur.

sword. Once ngalu we munt our French friends

lead

I knew that the Government fight for life and honour against that may be necessary.

The the might and fury of were prepared, in the first few all In order to do this we shall days of the war, with over 250,- valiant, disciplined and ruthless

nost need the strongest nod

000 beds for air raid ensuuitles. | German race.

So Once again! integral combination that enn Here at least there had been note it.

any

1117

be formed. I therefore ask under-estimation. Now we should that there should be no nouncement of the composition

of the War Cabinet until we have had a further talk.

Ая I wrote to you yesterday mming. I hold myself entice

I was stain during the Germany at 9.30 p.m. on Sept.

officers.

Bad

Since the period immediate-it. He mentioned that the La- ly after the war, when Ameri-tour party were not, he under-

conlition. can transport was used to stood, willing to share in a na- enable the Chinese Govern- ment troops to move up to or economic, that has been North China and forestall the

going on in the countries of Communists in taking over the Russian zone in Europe. from the Japanese, there has From recognition of this prob heen a natural reluctance in ability, American official the United States-to-inter-circles have now drawn the vene in the Chinese elvil war inference that Intervention.

a foreign

sures must be "taken to pre- Country must be for someone vent the overthrow of what as well as against someone, remains internationally and few Americans' have relegal Government of China. cently been able to see in

The appointment of Mr. China any authority to which Roger Lapham to head the the

of American mission to China has been support Lower could be given with a hailed as an excellent choice, lear conscience. The correct but to apply the Truman Doc- naural position for Americans trine to China will it is cer-

see what were the foets,

Presently the First Sen Lord After about 10 minutes had democracy in prove an infinitely more

chine to see me, I had known is to sustain

passed, the wailing broke out Bailey Pound slightly in my against domestic dictatorship diflcult task than applying

again. I was myself not

sure previous tenure of the Admiralty or foreign aggression. But in it in Greece, where the

-the Admiralty take special

that this was not a reiteration of As one of Lord Fisher's trusted measures and the signal La China no real political demo-Americans have already mel

the previous warning, but a man staff

strongly given to-day. This is only a leracy exists to be endangered; trouble in plenty, It will

ly at your disposal, with every came running along the street condo

condemned In Parliament the minor point, but it may well

desire to aid you in your task. shouting "All Clear," and we dispositions of the Mediterranean the struggle has been hither-certainly be necessary to sup- be vexatious.

I learnt later that a British dispersed to our dwellings and Ficet when he commanded it in to between two brands of re-plement financial aid with an

to hear nothing ultimatum had been given to went about our business.

1938, at the moment of the ita- Mine was to go to the House Han descent upon Albanian. volutionary "tutelage," and agency similar to AMAG in from Mr.

whole of Sept. 2. which was a 1, and that this had been follow of Commons, which duly met at Now we met

Han_ the elections recently held to Greece, with a wide range of day of intense crisis.

as⚫ colleagues 1. thought ed by a second and Anal uitl-noon with its unhurried

hose Intimate relations establish the democratic supervision over the national probable that n last-minute matum at 9 a.m, on Sept. 3.

The cedure and brief, stately prayers and fundamental agreement the legitimacy of the present-re-economy as well as over the effori-was-being made to pre-early-broadcast of the 3rd an- There I received a note from the smooth working of the vast Ad-

and this proved true.nounced that the Prime Minister Prime Minister asking me gime were not, even on the finance, training and adminis However, when Parliament met would speak on the radio at 11.15 come to his room as soon as the We eyed each other amicably

lomiralty machine would depend. most generous interpretation. tration of the Government's in the afternoon, a short but very am.

debate died down. As I sat in doubtfully. But from the earliest flerce debate occurred, in which very convincing.

military forces. It will not! In the absence of any fire easy to staff such a mis- the Prime Minister's temporising

As it now seemed certain that speeches, a very strong sense of confidente grew and ripened. I statement was ill-received by the menus of measuring relative siom for the United States House.

war would be Immediately de- calm came over me, after the in- popular support for the rival

individuals few

professional and personal quali When Mr. Greenwood rose to by France,

clared by Great Britain and also tense passions and excitements of meduured and respected the great possesses

I prepared n short the last few days.

ties of Adml. Pound, ... parties in

China, General with the special qualities re-cak on behalf of the Labour speech which I thought would be I felt a serenity of mind and As the war, with all its shifts Chiang Kai-shek's Govern-

Conservative benettes cried out to ese to do what they would him, "Speak for England."

ful moment in our lives and his lifted detachment from human alanging blows, we became ever and personal affairs. The glory truer comrades and friends. And or rather retained-general not otherwise be doing, But, was received with loud cheers. tory.

The Prime Minister's broadcast of Old England, peace-loving and moral support in the United even if good working relations There was no doubt that the tem-

at the moment of the general: States. if it had shown itself, could be established, and even per of the House was for war. Informed us that we were al- ill-prepared as she was, but in-wen, four years later, he died I even deemed it more resolute ready at war, and he had scarce-stant and fearless at the call of victory over Italy. I mourned

with since the defeat of Japan. ani? it proved possible 10 and united than in the similar y censed speaking when

to lift our fate to those

a personal liar, spheres far removed from earth- afterwards to become familiar,

I spent a good part of the night- administrative reform, But ernment's rule in.. part of I had also taken part.

broke upon the ear. My wifey facts and physical sensation. or the 3rd meeting the Sea Lords of! shocking manifestations China, the suppression of so In the

and Hends of the various Depart- evening a number of came into the room, braced by tried to convoy some of inefficiency and corruption, vast a revolt must be an im- gentlemen of importance in

mood to the House

ments, and from morning of the 4th I

I laid my hands upon the particularly the postwar reign mensely long and costly un-parties called upon me at nu favourably upon German prompti-spoke, not without acceptance.

--naval affair. As in 1914, precau- of carpel-baggers in Shanghai dertaking. China is about at opposite the Westminster tude-and-precision-and-we-went-

tionary measures against surprise Mr. Chamberlain told me that had been taken in advance and Formosa-and-the-mal-seventy times the size of Cathedral, and all expressed deep up to the flat top of the house

anxiety. Jest we should fail in to see what was going on. versations of Unitra goods Greece, and its division may our obligations to Poland.

Around us on every side, in the e-had-considered-my-letters,. general-mobilisation.

that the Liberals would not joini by high officials, have alien- persist for years. Washing House was to meet again at that the roofs and spires of London. able to meet my views about the Reserves

clear,

ear, cool September light, rose

As early as June 15 large num- the Government, that he was bers of officers and men of the ated many American observ ton may have. to choose it the next

day. I

had been called up." Prime Above them were already slow able

by ers who cannot be suspected may indeed already be think a

Minister:

ly rising 30 or 40 cylindrical average age to some extent The Reserve feet, fully manned bringing the three Service Minis- for exercises, had been inspect- of inclination towards Coming in such terms between ** I hove not heard anything balloons.

fers into the War Cabinet in spite ed by

the King on Aug. 9, and gave the Government

on the 22

22nd various additional classes summoned,

serve peace;

pro-

upon

If

my place, listening to the days our friendship and mutual

...

iment might still have gained/quired for persuading Chin- Opposition, Mr. Amery from the Becoming to the solemn and ow-wos conscious of a kind of up- and fortunes, beat upon us with

This

ມ

pang for all the

jactive promoter of social and strengthen the Chinese Gov-scene on Aug. 2, 1914, in which strange prolonged wailing noise" ned; thrilled my being navy and the nation had lost..

munism. Indeed, they have more, and less important or been disposed to think well defensible areas.

have won

•

wrote

follows to the

The

the

We

crisis.

and

commented

H

this when I

aver.

of

of reservists had been

....

from you

since our talks on

of their executive functions, and Friday, when I understood that good mark for this evident sign that this would reduce the I

was to serve at your collea of preparation, and as her quar- gue, and when you told me ter of an hour's notice which we age age from 83 to under 60.

This, he said, made it possible Ол the 24th an Emergency that this would be announced had been led to expect we should speedily. I really do not knew receive was now running out, we for him to offer me the Admiralty Powers Defence Bill-Was passed, what has happened during the made our way to the shelter as as well as a seat in the War Cabl-through Parliament, and at the course of this agitated day; signed to us, armed with a bottle net. I was very klad of this be-same time the Fleet was order- though It seems to me that en of brandy and other appropriale cause, though I had not raiseded to its war stations; in fact our

the point, I naturally preferred main

Fred main forces had been at Scupa tirely different

have medical comforts. Idens, have

hundred a delnite task to that exalted Flow for some weeks. Our shelter wan ruled from those which you

bonding over the work done by expressed to me when you said yards down the street and colliers which may well be the lot of the Fleet had been, authorised After the general mobilisation "the die was cost,"

sisted merely of an open base- quite realise that in contact ment, not even sand-bagged, h of a Minister, however Influe the Admiralty war plan had un- the tenants of half-a-dial, who has no Department.

folded smoothly, and in spite of with this tremendous European which

It is easier to give directions cer

certain serious deficiencies, situation changes of method dozen flats were already assem-

than advice, and more agreeable notably in cruisers and anti-sub- to have the right to act, even in marine vessels, the challenge, na limited sphere, than the pri in 1914, found the Fleet equal to vilege to talk at large. Had the the immense tasks before it. Prime Minister In the

first in- stance given me the choice be- tween the War Cabinet and the Admiralty, I should of course have chosen the Admiralty. Now I was to have both,

of any deluge which might At present there is no clear- cleanse the Augean stables. cut front in China; Nanking HONG KONG The Communists by contrast still has forces in southern good reports for Manchuria, while Commun- AIRWAY 9 the honesty of their adminis-ist formations are scattered tration and the personal aus over North China down to the terity of their leaders for the Yangtac.. Unless Nanking Chinese Communists, wlio can show better success than need to bid for the genuine it has met so far in its Man- support of the masses, are churian campaign, American still in the stage of apostolic advice may be strongly in poverty. .Moreover, their favour of cutting the Man- short-term programme of churian commitment and con- CARNIVAL agrarian reform and tolera-centrating on suppression of tion for private enterprise in the Communists in North industry has seemed harm-China. Such a partition was less enough to foreign busi-implied in the deal over Man- ness men and liberal poli- churia which President Roose- ticlans, who have even been yelt made at Yalta; its sight- converted in some cases to thie ficance was to place Mân- belief that Chinese Commun- churid like Poland, within the ists are

distinct species. Soviet sphere. Even if Nan- Were it not for the ques-king were to gain complète tion of China's foreign policy, military victory in Man- there can be no doubt that churla, the consequences of American tactics would be, to Yalta could not be undone, let events in China take their for Russia has now a treaty course and recognise what right to Port Arthur and the ever power emerged from the trunk railways. Moreover, it struggle. Chinese Communis hard to imagine that Rus- ism, however, shows funda-sia would watch an Ameri- mentally the same gravito-can-directed military com tion towards the Soviet Union paign up to the Amur with- asTM Communism - elsewhere. out a reaction which might, The full orthodoxy...of their bring the world very close to party line was demonstrated a mafor war Manchuria is between 1939 and 1941, when Chinese and caririot be per-" they faithfully reproduced manently separated from Soviet propaganda of the China, but a Communist Molatov-Ribbentrop honey-Manchukuo" may"be" a tem- moon and denounced the porary, pls aller to be decept Anglo-French Imperialisted in this two-world period. war" and American support If the political health of man- for it. There cannot be any kind is restored such schisms reasonable doubt that Com- can be remedied; if it de munist victory in China teriorates further, China, with would mean its alignment-in American naval supremacy the Soviet bloc, with the same in the Racile, would still be campaign against all Western better off strategically than influences, political, cultural in 1937,

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By Dick Turner

"But, your hehoty wli he dick was búplĥls Janitor for not turning on enough heat! Just give my client one more eliance he hardly hurt the man at all!”

(To Be Continued) World Copyright reserved. 'Re- production, evan, partially, In any language, strictly prohibited.

French Policy In The Ruhr

Toulouse, May 9,

The French Foreign Minister, M. Georges Bidault, foday vigorously denied that French delegates attending the London Conference on the futura of Germany had given way to British and Ameri- con views.

Speaking at the annual Con-parties in Germany, Italy and gress of the Popular Republican other countries.

French security, he told them, Farty here, he declared: As regards the control of the Ruhr was a world problem, depending and the establishment of a on various international arrange

alliances ments,

and, on

the Federal Constitution for Gar-United, Nations, organisation. many, the French Government. He described the five-year remains faithful to its doc Brussels Pact as an alliance with trines.

waken her out precedent and a prefigura =="We=shall-not-follow_d_volicy |tion of an organised Europe of all or nothing but we when Five nations had undertaken to not accept any solution which Lye in common for the better the French Governinent and the and Keinst the woo pation consider insuflatent it was only 160-clear,

Ar, he con cluded, that "the present Inter- M.Hinult spoke in the pre-national ditaation was not good sence of visiting delegates of the but he farned against, exaggeral- Christian Becialist Democratic.cdffetre İLQUIENERICA