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BRITISH FOREIGN-

POLICY

his

Churchill's Memoirs

THE GUARANTEE TO POLAND

hyena appetite had only ex months before joined in the pill. age til destruction of the Czecho Slovak Slate.

measure proposed is Il-com. showed their own measures in re-

ceived, and, su far from adding iation to eventa anly too plainly inotorially, to the "effective; db-Presently they were to show a fence of the country, will pro- truer measure.

note: division and discourage

Churchill outlines in this extract the political results of Hitler's occupotion of the remainder of Czechoslovakia in March, 1939.

·

Sir Stafford Cripps, in his In dependent position, became deeply distressed about the national dan- ger: He visited me and various Ministers to urge the formation of

There was sense in fighting for

the national effort, and is Though Mr Chamberlain still what, he called an. "All-in Gov- Czechoslovakia in,1939 when the further evidence that the Gov-hoped to avert war, it was plain ernment. I could do nothing: Getmahy Army could-écarcely put ernment's conduct of affairs that he would not shrink from it, but Mr. Stanley, President of the half-a-dozen trained divisions on: throughout these critical times if it cane. Mr. Felling (Chan- Board of Trade, was deeply moved. Minister the Western front, when the does hot merit 'the confidence berinin's blographer) says that he He wrote to the Feline French with nearly 60 or 70 divi- of the country or this House. noted in his Dluty, "Churchill's offering his own office if it would slung could post certainly have

chances (of entering the Govern- facilitate a reconstruction. The The Leader of the Liberal party ment) improve as war becomes Prime Minister contented himself On March th, 1939, Mr. Cham-jrelled forward across the Rhine,

versa" with a formal acknowledgment. berlin had to say to the House: or into the Ruhr. But this had also found reasons for opposing more probable and vice

As the weeks passed by almost "The occupation of Bohemia byen judged unreasonable, rash this step. Both of these men were This was perhaps a somewhat dis

all the newspapers reflected this German military forces began at 6 below the level of modern intel-distressed, at the course they felt duinful epitome,

lectual thought and morality. bound up party grounds to take. There were many other thought surge of opinion. I was surprised o'clock this morning. The Czech Yet now at last the two Western But they both took it and adduced in my mind besides those of be to see its daily recurrent und re- people have been ordered by their Democracies declared themselves a wealth of reasons.

Minister, peated expression. Thousands of coming once again a offer rosist- Government not to

In my speech I tried my beat to Alt the same, I understood the enormous posters were displayed ance!" He then proceeded to state ready to stnite their lives upon

Prime Minister's outlook.

for weeks on end on Metropolitan One of the oldest traditions that the guarantee he had given

He knew if there was war he hoardings Churchill Must Come in British parliamentary prac-Czechoslovakia no longer, in

would have to come to me and he Back.. Scores of young volunteer Mr.

believes rightly that I would an-nien and women carried sandwich- tice is a certain continuity in opinion, had validity.

"It is natural," he said in con- foreign policy and the readi-clusion, "that I should bitterly re

swer the call. On the other hand, board placards with similar sto he feared that Hitler would regard gans up and down before the ness of Government and Op-gret what has now occurred, but

iny entry into the Government anHouse of Commons.

hantile manifestation and that it I had nothing to do with such position to take hroudly the do not let us on that account be deflected from our course, Let us same line in

would thus wipe out all remain-methods of agitation, but I should international remember that the desire of all affairs. This unity has not, the peoples of the world still re the territorial integrity. ni this persuade the Opposition to supporting chances of peace. This was a certainly have joined the Govern ment had I been invited, Here course, been

absolute moins concentrated on the hopes strange newly-reborn republic of this indispensable measure; but natural, but a wrong view.

I under. In March I had joined Mr. Eden again my personal good fortune arui Liberals

Conservatives' of 'peace."

due Mr. Chamberlain was

History, which we are told is my efforts were vain.

dimculties, and some 30 Conservative Mem-hold, and all else Bowed out in its fully sloud

Halurannel horrible, were bitterly at odds on the speak at Birmingham two days mainly the record of the crimes, especially when confronted with aber un tabling a resolution uring sequenc

National Government. During question of Ireland and there Inter, I fully expected that he follies and miseries of mankind,Government to, which they were

the summer there arose # very

(To Be Continued) were divided minds last cen-would accept what had happened may be scoured and ransacked to

opposed, possible. find

Copyright reserved. a parallel to this sudden and nust record the event, because considerable stir in the country in tury aver

British imperialiThis would have been in hurmony complete reversa) of five or SIX |it deprives Liberal and Labour favour of this, or at the least for World expansion. But the first oc-i with his statement to the House. years' policy of easy-going pics partisans of any right to censure my, and Mr. Eden's, Inclusion in production, oven partially, in any

i-language, strictly prohibited. he might casion on which foreign polley even imagined that

tury appeusement, and its trans the Government of the day. They the Cabinet,. claim credit for the Government forcation almost overnight into u became the chief bone of con-

for having, by its foresight at readiness to accept an obviously tention between the parties Munich, decisively detached Great imminent war on far worse cum- was during the years of ap-Britain from the fate of Czech dittores and on the greatest scale. peasement, when such issues flovakia and indeed of Central:

Europe. I therefore awaited

with the

best

grace

ما

The

Poland

.

reat

Emperors.

their

Six Hundred Years Of The Garter Order

Moreover,

included other

-By- VALENTINE

Re-

Fleet

and

they had honours of Earidome

or the like, excepting only the Duke of Buckingham, who was only: Sir George Villiers when..

the

he

was made Knight of HEYWOOD

Moreover, how could we protect Poland and make good our guar as Spain dominated all others Birmingham declaration with antee? Only by deciuring war and violent ideological pasticipatory contempt.

upon Germany and attacking u were aroused on both

stronger Western Wall and a more The Prime Minister's reaction powerful German Anny than Fires.

And so formed the basis of a roll. In the earlier centuries there surprised me, Responsible as he those from which we had recoiled-

The 800th anniversary of the

Order="originating-at were many of no higher degree. There was at least a chance was for grave misjudgments of in September, 1938.

foundation of the Most Noble knightly

and in the spirit of thun knight who had really won be the time after the war that a similar facts, having deluded himself and Here was decision of lust, taken Order of the Carter is to

alde their spurs, and such nominations division might have arisen, imposed his errors on his subser- at the worst possible moment aud

celebrated by a special service tournament. Being on the

3 like to think became rare only after the reign vient colleagues and upon the un-on the least satisfactory ground, St. George's Chatel, Windsor, the reso

an of Elizabeth. Pepys, in an en- and that once again differ-

happy. British public opinion, he which must surely lead to the

the any.

for there is a fairy-tale elu-tertaining passage in his Dim'y, oldest order of knighthood; there

more teils of two exceptions to the ences in ideology would have one the jeg between night and slaughter of tens of millions of on Friday. The Garter is not the Nicolds's reasoning as good

Por- added a sharp edge to the morning turned his back abruptly people. Here was the righteous are several in Spain and

ment in the "vulgar and

which will always practice of aristocratie exclusive- enuse deliberately and with a re-e which discussion of foreign policy.upen his past

tugal

wris considerably general story are If Chamberlain failed to under-finement of inverted artistry com- But Stalin has succeeded

the other experis may glower so largely Instrumental in bring Orders of Chivalry stand Hitler, Hitler completely mitted to mortal battle after its older. But it is the oldest of the appeal, however disapprovingly ness General Monk, who

and

restoration of though the original ing about the after all in making strange underrated the nature of the Bri-assels, had been so the most distinguished Dioce

knights Charles II, and Admiral Sir of twenty-five bed-fellows. Who would ish Prime Minister. He mistook m

improvidently sem

squandered.

princes kings and

Edward Montagu, and not fight for

the Black Prince

Ferya's own' will If you have thought two years agonis civilian aspect and passionate

doughty and established patron who brought the

there were others Over warriors;

to the King's cause that the names of Sir Cuth-Cesire for peace for a complete the right when you can easily win have coveted it; have, in cases, explanation of his personality, and without bloodshed; if you will not angled for it; and have been

whose inclusion would seem to escorted His Majesty back from bert Headlam and Mr. Lan thought that his umbrella was his fight when your victory will be proud to wear it.

Holland The occasion of its origin

Holland to Dover: "the only two Mikardo could appear

to-symbol. He did not realise that sure and not too costly; you may

för many years that have had dale gether in the list of signa-Neville Chamberlain had a very nne to the moment when you unknown and even the date of its

i in dlapute. The

the Garter given them before hard-core-and-that he did not like will have to Aght with all the adds varies

1344 (Froissart's tories supporting any motion,

against you and only a precarious from

choice) to 1351, but the balance let alone a motion advocat- The Birmingham speech struck chance of survival,

The There may even be worse of opinion favours 1340. ing new and startling innova sew note. He reprouched Hit-

with a a flagrant personal breach case. You may have to Sight story of the Countess of Salis- tions in the conduct of Bri-of with about the Munich Agree when there is no hope of victory, bury's garter has long beydes tish foreign policy? Yet the nient. He quoted all the issur bebause it is better to perish than credited. Three hundred 15

ago Ashmole referred to it miracle has happened. The ances Hitler had given. Is this live as slaves,

the "vulgar and more

he was the last untitled common- unity of British foreign policy the asked) the lost attack upon It tu br small Slate er 1s

On April 27 the Prime Minister story". and

another Heylyn, has been largely restored, followed by another? Is this in took the serious decision to Intro- Stuart historian, condemned It be justified only on the assumper to be so honoured for nearly Crusted

one excludes Conservatives and fact a step in the direction of an dace Conseription, although re-us

tion that they had distinguished two centuries-H

Lord North and Viscount CusTM members of the Keep Left attempt to dominate the world by pented pledges had been given by derogatory to the founder and themselves in joust.

force?"

commoners, but him bgainst such a step, To Mr, the

legally From its early days ladies have flereagh, group together recently sign- Chamberlain's change of heart Hore-Balisha, the Secretary

of foundation for so great a bulld-been admitted to the Order

titles. The "Dames de la Fraternite de St. ed an all party motion ad- did not stop at words. The next State for War, belongs the credit

was not broken ening."

Lady Salisbury must be vocating the creation of a "smal State" on Hitler's list was of forcing this belated awaken-

dli- Ceorge" they were designated into outside the peer-

until fortnight Ing. He certainly took his poli- missed from the case, for no such The first of whom there is re- age

1912, when the Garter. political and economic union Plant. in Western Europe and the (March 31) the Prime Minister tital life in his hands, and several ceuntess fits into the chronologic- cord is Edward III's own daugh- was bestowed on Sir Edword

of his Interviews with his chief ul in Parliament:

1 evklenco. But Sir Harris establishment immediately of now have to inform the were of a formidable character. Nicol contends that the Orter Isabel, Countess of Bedforti Grey, Ten-years later Mr. Balfour

followed by Joan,

being another King's In Council of Western Europe House

Earl of Balfour. In ..in the event of I saw something of him in this originated at a Joust or tourna- of Kent, the "Fair Maid received It'two months that,

observing that with powers to create

any action which clearly threa ordeal and he was never sure that ment, and,

"doughter is to be installed as a December, 1926, it was bestowed the

e and cath day in office would not be great variety of devices and mot Lady of the Order. tened Polish independent his last. machinery of integration and

short

It were, the Polish

head, as which

toes were used by Edward III,

the most In the debate the Opposition chosen from

In 000 years there have been Mr. Austen Chamberlain. By to prepare for an eventual

trivial fo

can also be accordingly considered it vital 1

fower than

included fan 900 Knights of the Baldwin to resist with federation. Monday's debate

national failed in their duty. their

Both Labour

one recalls in the list, for although his Gar- of a military character," the famous jape

to ter and attributed

his carldom were forces, his Majesty's Govern- und Liberal parties shrank from Causes, and of an amorous rather Garter. Inevitably

than in the House of Commons was

facing the ancient and deep- would feel themselves

Lord Melbourne:

on the same day, "I like the nounced ment

ht: equally fruitful. There was

hound at once to lend the rooted prejudice which has always disputation on points of de-

Nothing is more likely than' Poilsh Government all support existed in England against Com

that in a crowded assembly oer: there is no damned marit had been dubbed knight and,

Li it." Well, there mas

have invested with his Insignis a dy tail but the solidarity of in their power.

have pulsory Military Service,

lady should accidentally have been justiftention at the time for or two before his patent passed

view. For opinion behind Mr. Bevin was

-dropped her garter; that thy Melbourne's to this

circumstances should an assurance to

"In its long history there have have enough its award among unmistakable.

This no time for recrimina.

caused a smile in the bystan

subjects h had be

been restricted to not been many, one imagines, The movement is encourag-tions about the past, The

dere; and that on its being peers, and much soild mer must who have refused the Garter, taken up by Edward, he should

have been excluded. A but four famous Prime Ministers ing and right. It strengthens antee to Foland was supported by the sutely of the nation and the

his story

fold (it is

jilla / go÷–William Pitt the young- is probably Mr. Bevin's hand. It encour the leaders of all...purties

groups in the House.

said

Withi

શ

They

*

adds:

The

-given the Polish Govertader of the Labour party moved

Was

guar.

and

that:

"Whilst prepared. to take all necessary steps to provide for

fulfilment of its International

ages timid spirits in the For-ing, we can do no of God help-obligations, this House regrets!

was

eign Office. It assures the what I said. At the point we had Government of the widest reached it was a necessary action. But no one who understood the parliamentary support even situation could doubt that it meant for bold experiments.

In all human probability a major

tion.

事

•

be in-

pass makes

that his Majesty's Government) In breach of their pledges should abandon the voluntary principle which has not failed to provide: the man-power needed for de- fence and is of opinion that the

CARNIVAL

Two reservations should, war in which we should however, be made. Those volved. members who hold back be-

In this sad inle of wrong judg pause_they_wish_to_move_forments formed by well-meaning ward in Western Europe only and capable people we now reach "in agreement" with the our climax: That we should all

have come to this Dominions, are showing those responsible; however honour- wise restraint. "Consulta-able their motives, blameworthy tion" is hardly enough to back and see what we had

before history, 400 safeguard the feelings and successively accepted or thrown interests of peoples who are away; a Germany disarmed by closer to Britain in sentiment solemn treaty, a Germany rearm- and tradition than any of its ed in violation of a solemn treaty 240. potential European partners, air superiority or even air

cast away-the Rhineland | The second reservation con-ly cecupled and the Siegfried Line cerns the project of federa- bulif or building; the Barlin-Rome

As an ultimate aim' itxis Austin devoured!

by the Reich is legitimate, but nothing Czechoslovakia deserted and could be more confusing than ruined by the Munich Pact; ils the injection of constitution fortress line in German hands; its arsenal of Skoda hence making into West European forward making munitiobs for the | negotiations-for—some years, Germon armles, President Roose

to coine.

velt's effort to stabilise, or bring o'a head the European situation by the Intervention of the United Stafes waved aside with one hand, And Soviet Russia's undoubted wintmgness to join the Western Powers' pind go all lengths to cave Czechoslovakia Ignored on tha other; the services of 25 Czech diylaldan agamat the still unripen. The Princess' Royal in Teaving Corman Army, cut away, when Englana on Friday, May 7: By air Grout Britain could herself supply jo Germany. She intends to vialt midy two to strengthen the front Royal Signals units in the British [2 Froned; air gone with the wind,

1. And now which

of

320,- 350.-

120

250-

KOWLOON Fenindaja Košėl" Labbr

PRINCESS ROYAL

IN GERMANY,

London, May 4

and

опо

Army of the Bling, nuzgin for hela, áldás, unde advantages, has}.

and Red Cross "vita".

The Princias, Toyal, is Colonels been squand rods and gi thrown fin-Chief, of, for Royal Simula away, driu – Britali advances; Her Royal Highness will retur jeading, Trauto be the hand to | to England on many 192-Amociatur, quarumico, tho, Jalogele or Poland

„Falauskaillen wi

thom

· ·

general

"n vain and Idle

Order.

....too

romanec,

triting a

hayer

courous

an

Garter."

Eighty years later, when Robert Walpole

E4

Sir

Was

appointed,

courtesy circle

from

created

Great Seal. the

before

Mr.

An-

he

reproved the levity of his

by EO happy and apocryphaly of a Duke of Norther Sir Robert Peel, Mr. Asquith.

exclamation, numberland of the prescht line on his resignation, though placing the garter, at the same complaining to George III that accepted it years later), and Mr.

Churchill on his own kned as "Dis- |-ho-was-the-first-Perez to-be ze? time honoured be he who thinks i

of it."

By Dick Turner

with

fised the darler. "Yes" is alleged By and large it has not been to have been the King's retort, an unworthy roll, and now that, "and the first Smithson tó nak

the

.Govern- approval of for it."

mentand" Opposition alike, award - is...again" to "be", soley the Sovereign's pleasure, Nevertheless, there are numor, may be sure that no fúlure" Mul- ous distinguished and worthy bourne" will be able to jest at names to be found on the Garter: "no damned merit In It."

Garter Rofl

Red Oppression Of Religion

its at Wa

Boston, May 4. Oppressión in Communikt dóminated areas of China and the "challenge of anti-Christian feeling in Europe" has united/Protettonit Churches as nover before in history, the Methodist Foreign Mission Division said today:

Tientsin.. One

for

The statement was part of Chaogii, nedri report to the Quádréññtal Gèn-building was burned and a hos- oral-Conference which today. Pitel and other buildings, looted.

arked observed the centennial of the

$8,000,000 for milastohary work first. Methodist Mission, to China.

In the .naxt, four, yours. In the first report on foreig I said the dimeulties of at- missions since the end of the war tempting to sustain missions in the group, asserted that. It was North and Central China

have band "Impossible for American mis prompted all, churches to sionaries to work and live in together. The same thing has North and Central, China under been accomplished in Europe by Communist Governments The the "challenge, of, ahli-Christion report cited the case of-five-mil": feelingizg sionary units of the Church at Tonight the world delegates Brethren who were forced to will tear talks by John Foster move to Western Ching by, los Puller Now York

"Cenu lawyer, und De" wmational ule Communist officials in to the Uni- Koo, trai Chilia. A

The report said that a year ago ad Staton Generalissimo and elements opmless Computiniai Mateman, Chiang Kai-shek, will Eighth Route Army althchis) sind Drondcast to the conference from Tooted u Methodist centre at Chini-United. Exers,