1947-08-28 — Page 9

RADIO and

ELECTRICAL

COMPONENTS

and ACCESSORIES

including:

"SKYROD" and "ELIMINOISE"

Anti-Interference

Radio Aerials

THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, AUGUST 28, 1947.

ENGINEERING

PAGE: Continued from Page, Eight

INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRONICS

To achieve it in prieties, no precarious laboratory device is needed. On the contrary, such a device is a'rendy a World- wide commercial product. 111

Communal Aerial Systems deed. It existed in a half-com- plate form long before the days

for

Blocks of Flats

Interference Suppression

Devices

BELLING & LEE LTD

Sole Agcuts;

A

Continued From

Last Week

Example

Pag 2,

New GEC Lighting

the complete unit overta period

During recent months i The average' light output of the General Electric Co., of 4000 barning hours exceeds Ltd., of England has pro- o00 lamona. duced a new fluorescent lighting unit. This con-

Construction

sists of three Osram The overall length of the uolt Cold Cathode Fluores-is 9 ft. 10 in. and 8 in. wide. cent Tubes mounted in The metal buckplate, which is a fitting designed for in the form of a channel to carry interconnecting wiring fixing to a flat ceiling. can be fixed to the ceiling by means of two nerows, holes for The tubes are 20 mm dia which are provided at 8 ft, 4 meter and euch has a visible lighting length of 8 ft. 6 in.

in. centres.

They operate on a high volinge Condensers are supplied for received from Alexandra Palace, obtained from two small trans-power factor correction and e- in the commodated in the transformer

it may be the field_thandering former accommodated past Tattenham Corner. It end boxes of the unit. may be the pinpolul target for

the bomber lying in ten-tenths c'oud.

bos at the end of each fitting. When assembled the unit in Fluorescent Tubes

completary self contained and there is consequently no exter These are of the cold enthode at high tension wiring. There are certain other type and are instantaneous in which starting. aspects of electronics

They are obtainable Experience has shown that must perforce be emitted here. In the following colours: (a) under normal working condi- The photocell, however, in 100 Daylight, (b) Intermedinte tion rantintenance and cleanlos important a device and too in-white, and (c) Warm white.

ercating to be overlooked en. tirely. In a sense this operates rather like an X-ray tube in re-mediate white tubes is midway verse-a point of view which between the daylight and warm underlines the uplty of elec-white and, has been found parti-

tronic systems.

the The colour of

inter-

cularly suitable for general lighting where a reasonable de- gree of warmth is required and at the same time a fairly good colour rendering of merchan-

of electrumnies, for the requisite than of the greatest value. In the other familiar electrades army of electrons emerges in industry, physical effects such are still to be found, although disorderly array from the white | na strain in materials, vibra- | modified in forra. int Mament of my electric | tion, speed, and many others lamp. It only requires the ad- cati be converted simply to cler-

The nonde is now so shaped dition of a metal plate on which trica variations, magnified and

that the electrons, sped towards is maintained an attractive posi- conveniently indicated for obit by attractive force, pass right tive charge and the army will servation, or used to operate through an opening in it and charge direct from flames! to lays or other devices for my or in strike a specially pre. plate. The source of electrons, chine or process control.

pared fluorescent screen at the the it f'ament or material in

end of the tube. Where they | some other form, is given the

strike, a 'uminous spot appears,

In X-ray tubes, as in valvon, general title of cathode, and the

This spot is like a glowing tip the electron stream is attracted collecting plate is often enled Any engineer can assess for at the end of a pointer, but a

by an anode, but the anode is the wide. These two elec- nimself the wide possibilities of pointer built up only of elec-)

at extremely high potentia! so dise. trodes. rathore and anode.} such d'ectronic control systems. trons in flight, and so free from that it has enormous attractive packaged in glass my mota', sro) a strikingly interesting exam- at the 'disavantages of pointer

A mixture of warm white and produced by the million as--the ple is an equipment, the first of systems dependent on mechani- force. The electrons qtials a

its kind fu the country, which lead menns

speed of perhaps 100,000 miles intermediate white is particu- simplest af alt rudin vatren.

second before they strike a farly pleasing in restaurants; it as been designed and built by

target. The boulard- not only enhances the colours Hermionic valve of this | the G.K.C. for the Forest The cathode ray oscilloscope. metal- GILMAN & COMPANY, LTD. in as a rectifier for Products Research Association consis inge of the

such that marked in the food but is very kind to tube as de! ment is

transfer of energy rakes place, ladies 'make-up.' clearly, the negative electrons of the Ministry of Works, nud¦ acribed ingrether with an auxili. will only charge acrosA when which provides elee route speed ary valve circuit. is a valuable manifested party as heat and partly os radiation similar to the anode is more attractive to control for the drive of a wood-out for the investigation of any light, only of the shorter and no means always be academic. them than is the cathode from veneer pec'ing lathe. The lathe transient or recurrent process which they emerged. If the in question takes a log some, which is either dectrical itself mere penetrating wave-length It can be as useful in cement valve is placed in a cireult four to five feet in length and of mey be transformed into an own as X-rays. The use of and steel works as it is in the this radiation in medicine is laboratory, Photocells, in a GOTORY A NOurce of alterunting strips it

contingoose ectrical variation. The varla- ketricity, during that portion sheet of veneer. The lathe driv- tion is applied within the tube, well know, but X-rays are biso most practical photometric ap- of the alternating cycle when ing motor is an controlled that providing 21

force red for the detection of flaws p'ication, are, for instance, do the anode or plate is positive in the peripheral speed of the log which the pointer obeys instan- in castings and forgings and ing vital work fixed close to the relation to the cathode, the elec is kept constant, the motor taneously. As it does so, the for checking the internal struc- boiler in oil-fired marine instal lations, their duty being to de trote will flow across i On speed increasing stendily at the Jurainous tip moves across the use of manufactured articles.

fect at once the first presence of jreverant of this state of affairs,¦ exact rate required to eam serren and gives a visual inter-

Photocell

haze or

smoke in the uptake with the anode negative in re- Į pinsate for the reduction in pretation of the effects being

and to give immediate warning lation to the cathode, it merely diameter of the log.

studied--n visual running com.

that, for more efficient combus. repe a the electrons and no cur

tion, the fuel or air valves re- ient passes. Thus current flows

quire adjustment. only ring one particular half of the alternating eyele and the vat ve accordingly passes current only in one direction.

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A

into

deflecting

That was electron flow pro- mentary for direct observation during radiation. Now the re- or photographie recording. versed type of action in the Noireally, Auch instruments photocell is radiation producing are made in different sizes and Cectron flow. When radiation

of gises or metal just as valves of light falls upon a suitable

Smoke Detection

Rectification and amplifica- on do not exhaust the uses of the valve. In association with the tuned circuits so familiar and so essentia' in radio, it can act as an oscillator, and as n are. Sorae are suitable for the target, the transfer of energy Smoke detecting equipment The humble valve that con-genciutor of recurrent varia- most elaborate research work, this time sends out the elec-designed by the G.E.C. in con- urts A:C. to D.C. in the do- tions which may be repeated others. for very rapid prodate-trous, sends them, flying auto junction with the Admiralty mestic radio receiver is only stowly or rapidly, one a secondtion line testing op inspection, from the larget. But in this makes possible a very consider one of the many possible ar- or thousands of millions a see-carriert unt by makilled inbour, action the target becomes unble saving of fuel, a matter of rangements of an a'ectron ond

This latter type of equipment useful source of electrons, it be source and an electron collector.

finds hereasing use in industry comes a light actuated cathode The cathode may, for instance, Broadcasting and television, and, of my interesting ap-as compared with the thermally he a sizeable pool of mercury radar, telegraphy and the tele-plications, the magnetic sorting operated cathode of the valve.

In sum, then, with a cathode and the va've container itself a phone service--a great part ofdge any he mentioned as an large welded steel cubicle, the whole world-wide network instrument developed by the of the appropriate light senal- Such rectifiers, by comparison, of communications depends G.E.C, in conjunction with the five material and, once again. make a complete radiogram on the oscillator, the amplifier makers of aircraft engines to an anode to collect the electrons, ook small. They pass not the and the rectifer. So also, to test the metal parts, especially the photocell provides sensi- mere tenth of an umpere that day, do certain specialised in-talve springs, valve rods and tive device generating a cur- wufees the average radio set,dustrial processes, in particular similar components of vital im- rent that varies in accordance

those concerned with heating. bat the many hundreds of um- peres required for traction or electro-chemical and metallurgi- cal process work.

Important as this rectifier is,

The high frequency power which might be radiated from an cerist to carry entertain. ment and interest to thousands

Portance in the operation

high speed internni combustion engines.

The Test The lest is simplicity itself, The standardised master sam

01

on дл

impurtance not to shipping in teresis alone, but to the nation as a whole. The equipment is installed on H.M.S. "Van- guard," the latest battleship of the Royal Navy, a capital ship assured of a special place in the hearts of the British people who followed with pride and interest her voyage errand of Imperial unity.

In of with the light fulling upon it.

many ways, then, do This photo-decirle current may electronica touch upon the. af be amplified and possibly used fairs of this mid-twentieth cen to operate a relay or an oscillo-tury life. Quite a lot has been Keep Moving objects

said about the electron at work. conveyor belt can very easily be Quite as much has been omitted, it is stil but the simplest type of listeners spread over a white

arranged to interrupt a beam partly because this description of valve. Addition of further area mity, instead. be concen- elements or electrodes placed trated in an intensely local man.

of ight, so that a whole field of pretends to be no more than n between cathode and anole adds ner for the rapid heating of p'e is placed within a coil, and Hes for photocell equipment introductory canny, and partly are lies n papermaking and print because the story in full detail new powers to the valve. Mo- metals, p'astics and many other the samples dification both of the shape and materials. In all such-methods placed one after the other in aing, in packaging, bottling, sort would, in any case, lose its sim straight line ing and counting operations. pler qutine and its perspective, the arrangement of the elec. of heat treatment there are im- second coil. A trodes produces a range of fur-i portant features to be noted. shown on the screen of the It is suitable for a variety of ther electronic devices, the in- The heating effect is intimately cathode ray tube means that the protective devices, and can also

the struments of television, X-rays, connected with e'ectrical speelmen and the standard are readily be used as a check on and turbidity, colour, purity and and the electron microscope. nature and the atomic structure of similar composition

of matter already described; it physical properties-the speci- other qualities of importance in A "Grid"

commences immediately the men passes the test. If the line chemical and food processing high frequency power is switch, on the screen is other than a work. The approach of traffle, shape the level of materiai in a stor The first claboration of the ed on, and the instant the par-straight line, then its valve is the introduction of anticular job is finished the power gives an indication of the na- age bla, the position of an in- electrode which is the nature of may be switched off again, ture of the difference between dicator needle, all such may be " "grid." This grid with Moreover, since the power in the two specimens, Contrasted used to operate a photocall to purpuse. Without it its open structure does not in concentrated, the heating may with the simplicity of the test usefu itself aterially interfere with be similarly localised; the art is the sensitivity of the Instru- neither television nor sound! the electron flow from cathode is general in the job, not con-ment, which can be made great filma would be possible as we to hode, but any positive or conducted to it.

enough to detect the difference know them today. negative charge upon it certain.

to be tested

in internal strain between two As a device which translates variations of light into elec. Metals may ly does. It either attracts or

annca'ed, | household pins, be

trical variations, the photocell repe's the "electron traille." hardened, soldered, brazed or

The cathode ray tube pleture is obviously of special import- And it does this powerfully, melted; non-metals may be dried,

sterilined. since the grid is in a most ef.matured or

Then is "drawn" by e'ectrical influance in the study of l'lumina- fective

ences. The result in one case tion generally, and the compari- position near to the are merely son of the gen-

that just son of light intensities. But, cathode from which the elec- cralised applications of high may be such

heating. In detail described; with another appro- as it has been shown alrendy. tron emerge. It is thus a frequency control eletrode, regulating the they are extremely interesting priate circuit and the signals its use in this direction need by. traffic on its way to the anode and are basle factors in modern or holding it up altogether. production, as important in the Smut voltage variations upon plastic industry as in automatie the grid have, therefore, a soldering of production lino marked effect upon the current components .or the melting of Textiles can flowing through the valve and, precious metals.

Police Mobile Radio

In the fight against crime the transmitter and recolver which of course, through the rest of be dried uniformly, gluing und the anode circuit. The larger laminating of wood accelerated, Home Office is continually on the embodies the intest. technical im effects obtained in the external The reduction in process time alert to ensure that the Police provements and has been reduced circuit menn thut the valve acts is well 'lustrated in the pre-Forces of the United Kingdon considerably in size from previous

are provided with the most up-to-equipments of this.type. as an amplior. And since aparation of synthetic sponges, date equipment. Some time ago, in The set itself is easily installed chain of valves may be used. In this process it has been pursuance of this policy, certain in the luggage boot of an ordinary cach in turn amplifying the shown that the normal drying British radio manufacturers were saloon car. All the controls, to signal and passing it on to the time of seventy hours can be invited to submit sampies of their gether with the loudspeaker and next, millionfo'd amplification reduced to a few minutes by the latest post-war radio equipment microph:ne, are mounted on the car's dashboard where they are may be obtained if necessary. instailution of G.E.C. high suitable for ure in police cara.

frequency heating equipment. This move was taken because ready for immediate and continu recent technical devel-pments and fous use by dithis driver or pas [war-time experience of light-senger. Television

The voltage supplied to the control grid of the first valve

in a radio receiver may be only

weight mobile radio equipment

have resulted in many notable im-

T

When the installation of the

costs are extremely low, while the long life of the tubes, with their very slow depreciation in efficiency, makes lamp replace- ments less frequent than with other forms of illumination.

Further information can be obtained from the British Gen- eral Electric Co. Lid.. Queen's building, who are direct repre sentatives of the General Elec-, tric Co. Ltd. of England.

કે

15

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modest valves : concert hall the cathode ray tubo,, familiar at the earliest date, of these im in their hands one of the finest may bo get echoing with the as the "picture screen" In radar provements.

means of communication ever pro- Exhaustive **lesta ' wors under-duced by British industry to as output of sound. The, milnute devices and in television ro but varying voltages which arisi celvers. It is not markedly taken by the Home Office with let them in their task of main-

submitted. and taining law and order.. in the brain and appear con- different, however, and may each of the sets

The Tady network of polite tinuously upon the surface of readily be understood as a vari-Marconi, equipment was amongst

theso aplected to be installed in fatations which, will then be the human head may be so ant of the valves already de

polico Carén a country-wide operation throughout the country magnified as to operate a re-scribed. The omission of electris. The

equipment will, bo superior to anything of Maregi cording pen, -giving - the--brain trons from a cathode: in: again I which will be sued by the price its kind in any other part of the specialist diagnostic Informs the essential starting point, and is a combined very high frequency? world.

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