1947-07-10 — Page 9

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| ENGINEERING NEWS (Continued from Page Eight}}

Double Negative Arc Lamp Is A New Development

One of the most recent nehleye Dichia of the Research Labora fortes of the General Electric Co. Ltd. of "England is the design of new 150 amp are lump for use in dlm studios. It is known as a doable negative are lamp und em- ploys one paxitive carbon and two negative carbons each of the lot ter being A m. in diameter.

The positive carbon has been specially developed for use with this new lamp. It Is 15 m.m. in diameter and is, therefore, of the high intensity type in which the cure in comparatively large in diameter and is heavily Imprext materi with compounds of the rare earths. In the high intensity #high current density is maintained in the positive crater, thereby generating

in- tense heat which volaializes the come materials and so forms a coni- paratively deep crate filled with ↑ the highly Incandescent vapours which rise from the core. These Vicpostars constitute the light

נות

of the single negative 150 am. peru are, Lanre la n drop of 65 volts across the are and 30 volts across the resistance, and the total power consumed in 150 x 115 watts, Le. 17.25 kilowatts.

Stratheden Manchester

Extending Tubes

Engines Survive Test

The Inking up of Manchen. ter's main line railway stations The reconditioning of theby two mile-long underground railwaya with sub-stations at the Royal Exchange, Piccadilly and Mount Street is envisaged in a plan for the modernisation

|

and

It would appear, at first sight that the reduced are voltage the double negative lamp would not lend to any economy in the complete are circuit, for the power reduction in the are would have to be compensated by an inevensed power loss in the bal Inst resistance. The reduction in Stratheden, at Barzow hos en veltage, however, is sumclently abled a thorough evərhaul of her great to bring the are voltage engines to be made and it is grati. well below half of the supply fying to know that during the voltage, and this suggested that it prolonged and trying perled of Lancashire, Cheshire, should be possible to run two the war years, when she steamed North Staffordshire transport double negativo arc lamps In 400,094 miles, the machinery and recently presented by Mr. Ellis series, thereby lighting two lamps butlers did not give one moment's Smith M.P. to a special indus- for the same power consumption anxiety and the ship never missed trial conference of the Lan- uses by the one lamp and its bal-¦n sailing date nor a convoy. In- enshire and Cheshire Federation inst resistance. Test showed that deed, at the northern convoy ports

of Trades Councils, The scheme this was an entirely practical ar. the ship established something of would cost the city at least rangement which enables a studio a reputation for reliability.

£6,000,000 and if the lines were set to be lighted with a power con.

Whilst the work of reconvert-electrified #1 further £15,000

was proceeding, the bollers, tur-project according to Mr. Elis bines, and auxillary machlosery | Smith, would mean that ha'f were opened up for examination the central

area of the city ind, apart from replacements due would he within three minutes to normal wear and tear, no må walk of the entrance to an un- jor repales of any significance derground station with consi- derable saving in travelling hours the time. During rush underground trains would run every two minutes and be

saurge, and the use of a core of sumption of one half of that reing the passenger accommodation | per mile would be required. The i suitable chemical composition enquired for corresponding lightig

stres that the light emitted is the correct colour for colour photo- graphy.

Hitherto, Blm studios have used are lamps voch Otted with one negative per positive, Lamps em. ploying this carbon arrangement consurse about 150 amps and are

prone to emil a bubbling or "try.

Sinale Neg. Mt. tone am with

hallant pesistances

it single tegative lamps.

In Series

The table shews how much of the iotal power input is used in pro during ligh and how much cur. rent is dissipated in the ballast resistances of a single negative lamp, and two

lamps.

double negative

Are Current {Amps)

Arc Vola

1.In. Volta

kW do Arc Freducing

Dr.

ballant general.

Taini Power

FA

i Hashir Nrg. Art.

Brews Jamus with

139

**

136

AY.6

1.34

Ing hrat

15

17.24

11.7

***

1128

faver lapt

(per

Fafland rexistancei

| Ing" noise which may be repro. dured on the sound track of the Bhished Rm. This interference is often a serious source of trouble

the suund recording engineers who sometimes resort to record. ing the sound arparately and syn. chronize with the picture at a later stage in order to eliminate The interference entirely.

Noise

The double negative are lamp en also, if necessary, be used In the manner of the single negative Imre, le. one lamp in series with

suitable large ballast resistance. Such an arrangement obviously, is not advisable when circum- stances permit the series running | of two lamps, but inny be neces

KOPY

}

To for certain situations.

freilitate the use of one lamp or two in series, a combined hallosi and switch unit has

resistance

The production. <if the inter- been developed. Irience is dependent woon the current. Lowing through the nega. five carbon and the intensity of the noise increases with the in- Preuse of current,

close to the

Oscillograms were obtained by playing a suitable microphone are, amplifying the mikrophone uutput and then re carding it on an oscilloscope. The amplitude is a mesure of the noise intensity,

The disproportionate increase

In order to obtain maximum value from the improvements of feeled by this novel arrangement of the, ure, great care has been taken with the constructional de. talls. The mutar driving the speed mechanism, and the mechanical derails of the carbon feed have been carefully chosen and arrang- ed to provide a completely silent drive. The motor is fixed to the lamp by flexible mounting so that mechanical vibrations are

cargo purposes,

were undertaken and nu altera tions found necessary,

refrigerating machinery The particularly for has been overhauled and made expable of carrying a peak load ready for the task of carrying of much needed food from Australia to the UK.

It is significant that after ten years service, which included ar. daous war duties, no alterations to the machinery have been found

necessary. The efficient condition of the engines and boilers is a tri- bute to the Builders who put such good work into them and to the

fleers who maintained the mu- chinery so well In spite of the long hours and hurd steaming made necessary by active service conditions.

Stratheden is the first P. and O. liner to make a normal passenger

vaynge since the wor. She is now on her way to Australia from U.K.

A Book On

Planning

and Sone,

BY JAMES J. GILLESPIE (Sir Isaac Pitman Limited. 12. Od. net.)

Mr. Gillespie has had consider able experience of reorganisi

of noise at 90 amperes suggested not transmitted to the metal lamp that a more silent are at higher housing which otherwise might currents could be produced if the act as a sounding board and emit engineering works of varying siz:

loed was

and

100,000

passengers

ench hour. Another proposal in the construction of a North Weat ern outer and inner electric cle would link Preston. South- railway service. The outer cir-

Chester, Crewe, Stoke-on-Trent, port. Liverpool, Birkenhead,

Buxton, Sheffield, Barnsley. Legds. Bradford, Burnley, and Blackburn. The inner circle

wou'd cover the aren extending from Rochdale, Bury, Bolton, Manchester to Oldham.

Meanwhile discussions go on regarding the construction of satelite towns in the Lancashire and Cheshire nrenn, but only one of the three Ruggested sites in the North West is Hke'y to be selected for the time be ing. With Knutsford-Ollerton this would make two new towns. The scheme has been described na "for the Manchester and Lancashire industrial areas." It is not yet known which of the three suggested sites will be chosen. They are near Eccleston in the Chorley area, in the Carnforth Garstang-Inglewhite area, and at Growton, перг Northwich, Cheshire. Mr. Sil- kin, Minister for Town and County Planning considers he can find homes for most of Manchester's 300,000 overspill in building two new towns and The main idea is that such new towns should not be dormitories for Manchester but be self- supporting entitles with their own industries.

shared between more qulie appreclable noise. The gears clashed among those ad expanding existing settlements.

and his book is not

of

thury ene negative. Subsequent used are carefully cut and finish. to be

xperiments with a 150 ampere ed, and the fast moving compon-vocating particular systems

are employing two negatives each carrying 75 nmperes resulted in an appreciable decrease in the noise emanating from the arc.

unsmoothed,

Air Change

the

vatset

enta are located with the motor production planning, no says on the anti-vibration mounting.

that, with increasing experience, be tends to pay less Both: the lamp mechanism and attention to system and more to the lamp house are made, as far people's attitudes, is on

phasis throughout as possible, from light alloy ma terials in order to keep weight down to a minimum and the ven tilation system permits a high rate

#

Bid For

Speed Record

and the em- Further experiments revealed that the amount of noise pro

prin ciples rather than methods. dured was, to some extent, depen,

where, however, he

is dealing dant upon the exact positions of

with technical operations--as, for the negatives in relation to the

example, in

in two excellent chap positive. It was found that the of air change so that efficient ters on inspection--he is precise noise was still further reduced cooling is obtained. The inlet of and to the point; it is unusual, when the negatives were set at the ventilation system is filled for instance, the relationship be to find so clear an an angle of 100 degrees to each with baffics which serve the two. exposition of other and pointing downward to-

fold purpose of preventing ilght tween workshop and inspection words the positive at an angle of from the are escaping through the gauge tolerances In work of 30 degrees.

inlet and directing the flow of this kind. The inclusion of

Landon, July 7 (LPS)-A It should be noted that the use clean air over the inner surface ther evidence that

section on surface finish fur special Railton car, in which Mr.

the of two ingatives reduces only the of the refractor. Such an air flow abreast

book it

John Cobb, the English speed best of the inherent noise of the arc, le, the prevents the deposition of fume

modern driver, hopes to beat his own re. on the practice bubbling or "frying" noise. The from the

technical side cord of 300.7 miles per hour set on to the retractor Again, on the subject of material two negatives have no appreciable and so avoids the loss in lumen control, the author writes: "The UP August 1930. was on low at effect upon the noise which an output that would otherwise oc majority of executivo engineers Brooklands motor track, ncor are produces if connected to an cur. The bames in the outlet and metal founders are not yet London, yesterday. insufficiently serve only to prevent the escape science-conscious' to the extent smoothed supply. In these, cir- of spill light, and are arranged that they are 'stop-watch, plan: cun sinhces on arc, whether it to Impede the flow of air as little ning-board, and budget-conscious.

Yet the cost of equipping and employs one or two negatives, as possible. will act like a loudspeaker and

a real material control convert electric current of a suit used with a refractor of the

excessive." The book is compre- able frequency inte audible sound. Fremmel type and will take any hensive

and includes ollice make of refractor. 20 inches in methods and time study in

The Railton has two 1250 horse- Voltage Drop diameter, the normal size for this subject matter, but this quotation power Napler acroengines and The reduction of extraneous type of lamp. It is fitted with a should TOBABUTE the potential tyres specially designed by the notses is not the only advantage spill ring which absorbs the light reader that these things are kept Dunlop Rubber Company. These of the double negative lamp. The scattered at oblique angles by this in the proper engineer's equivalent of 420 miles per hour perspective. tyres have been tested at the use of two negatives also has the type of refractor

In .short, effect of reducing the voltage

and the engineer will ap- and 60 ore being sent with the Any further information on this into the author's drop scross the are from 85, which new development may be obtain-

common- car to allow for trials as well as is normal for single negative ed from the offices of the British sense tempering of some of the for the record runs. They have a are lamp, to 48 volts, and this, General Electric Co, Ltd.

smooth surface and a tread only enables a considerable saving in Queen's Building, Hong Kong, current to be made when a given who are direct representatives of

one-fifth of an inch thick. amount of light is required. As the General Electric Co. Ltd of the useful. light produced by the England. are is generated only in the pass."

'In 'the remainder of the are, can-

The lamp is intended

Mr. Cobb is taking the car to Bonneville, Saltilats, Utah, in the U.S.A., where he will make his attempt. Jie said yesterday that, in ideal conditions, the car night |

to be department anit Inborntary is not reach a speed of 400 miles per

of more

tive crater, the power expended SATELLITE TOWN not be utilized for producing -Plans to build a satellite.town light; and so the economy of near Margam (Glamorgan) to power achieved makes the double house thousands of men' negative lamp a more efficient quired for the vast steel-strip light source than the correspond plant now under ing single 'negative lamp.

re-

construction

hour.

its

extreme Pacudo-scientific methods of feed and speed pro- cessing and time-study methotis that have been advocated, as well. as his attention to some of the more often neglected parts of an criginearing works, such as the forge,

THE PALESTINE

INQUIRY

The record attempt will form part of the Utah centennial celebrations and will probably take place.towards the end of Au gust.

MILITARY CROSS London, July 8. The Military Cross has beeri Jerusalem, July 8. awarded to 26 year old Flight-| have been abandoned... At a UNSCOP announced today Lieutenant William Collard of economist the Royal Air Force, a member It is necessary, however, that special meeting of Port Talbot that it will refull this economy of power shall apply Counell it was stated that valu- David Horovitz and Fritz Bern-of a team which parachuted in. to the complete circuit, not to the able coal seams c'ose to the stein, Jewish Agency Industrial to Elephant Polat, the poaltion' are alone, before it represents a surfaco had been discovered in expert, for cross-examination at to be captured. rent.saving to the user. The com.the area. Preparations were well tomorrow's session,

Previously, Collard had 'made i Only 'two parachute jumps. plete are circuit normally consists advanced to build on the site. of an are lamp with a hallost re- but Government officia's advised Delegates met a closed Bubsequently he commanded a sistance in series, the latter hav. the local council to accept the session this afternoon and dis-¡ similar team which operated throo months with the Ing a value so that the total volt inevitable. Possible alternative cussed the possibilities of in- for nge drop across the are and resis. sites are being inspected at cluding Cyprus in the funerary, clandestine forces in the Mowchi tance is equal to the supply volt- Aberayon, Margam, and Bag- but no action was taken-Unit-area of the Karan hilla in

age of 115 volls. Thus, in the case lan.)

ed Press.

Burma.-Router.

F

ROTARY CLUB TALK

A talk on airfield construction; in from time to time na the war it Great Britain during war-progressed. time was given by Rotarian A vote 'ul

thanks to

tho

D. S. Hat Tuesday's week speaker, proposed by Roturinti ly luncheon of the Hong Kong | K. A. Goli, was endorsed unani- Rotary Club.

mously.

The new Club President. Dr.

The speaker dwelt at length 1.1. Taeung, took the chair upon all phases of aerodrama yesterday, and extended a wet- Construction, from the blue- come to two visiting Rotarians, print stage to the actunt cam- Albert T. Quon from Loa An- pletion and running of the air-goles and W.A. Foges from fold. and touched upon the Bombay. akortcomings of the earlier air-i The only guest present was felda and the improvements put Me. K. Smith Mitchell.

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