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*
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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, JUNE 26, 1947.
ENGINEERING PAGE
The Vital Place Of The Steam Turbine
From the simple windmill, and the waterwheel, stem on engine which, in the service of man to date, is almost without rival. That engine in the turbine and
in particular the steam turbine.
It lies at the heart of almost all
exist.
By A Specialist
On
will do. The old steam engine of the past used to work pressures of 100 to 150 pounds the per square inch and with introduction of the turbine pres- sures were ralaed to some 200 But to 250 lbs. per sq. inch.
be larger and more efflclent units,
900
have at
electric power. supply systems, overcome before the larger or, with the increasing demand for is used on large ships of all de- more efficient units could scriptions and has even been produced. To take an example; large turbines are now operat- of course quite ing with ateam at pressures in successfully employed in locomo-j the blades aro
to unlike windmill sails. At the excess of 1,500 lbs. per sq. inch, lves. It is no exaggeration any that had it not been for the entry end of the machine they and temperatures of over introduction of this new prime are dealing with large quanti-degrees. Some machines mover towards the end of last ties of steam at high pressure been operated with steam
ure therefore only about over 1,000 degrees and boilers century much of, what we now and
the have been butt capable of gen. accept as part of our dally life, one inch in height, but as
of the erating steam at pressures our very civilisation, would not steam progresses though
other wheels it slowly expands 3,200 lbs. These efforts of the and boller designera the blades have therefore turbine The steam turbine itself con- and
on have resulted in a marked in- slats in effect of a number of to be made longer so that
may crcase in efficiency which is in- windmills all mounted upon the the last wheel the blades Bame splade and each contain be as long as two feet or more, dicated by the fact that to pro- are whirling duce one unit of electric energy ed within its own small wind or All these blades
It slcam tunnel. High pressure] around at 3,000 revolutions per with the old steam engine
the was necessary to burn as much steam is blown on the first wind- minute, are subjected at mill blades and gives up a little same time to stress of the steam us 200 pounds of coal whereas of its energy in blowing them pounding upon them and to today in high efficiency stations inlet in Britain and America a unit of around; It then passes through high temperatures at the
eah be generated small nozzles into the next com- end, and have also to withstand electricity
less than one partment where it again is re- the scouring action of thousands from slightly leased upon the second wheel of pounds of steam passing over pound of coal. of blades and gives up a little their surface every hour of the more of its original energy. day. The metallurgist had to This process is repeated through produce Beveral stages unti at last all the utilizable energy has been extracted from the steam which 18 then passed into a condenser where it passes over nesty tubes, cooled by water, and is Ilself converted aguln to water and returned to the boller for use again in the cycle.
Essentially Simple
of
CL-
The development of this sentially simple prinelple, like most other engineering progress, raised all manner of subsidiary problems which had first to be
steels which would meet this duty and, as soon as he produced a steel for one set of conditions the steam designers for were on his heels asking steels to meet more arduous con- dillons, for higher outputs.
·
Heating Up The Neighbourhood
the
With the ever present demand as much energy OLX steam- plants to extract possible from the
in operation in which steam instead of being led into a condenser ofter passing through the turbine wheels is Instead fed High Steam Pressures
Into a pipe, distribution system To obtain these higher out which run through the streets of puts and at the same time im-difficult to utiliza as mechanical
the The heat the
energy remaining in prove
emelency of turbine it
necen- the steam at this low pressure is was clearly
pressure diflicult to utilize as mech anical and is used sary to increase the
ateam or clectrical energy and temperature of the because these two properties are more efficiently for henting build-
This process is known a measure of the work the steam ings.
District Heating and has tried out on a large scalo Russia and America.
Development Of Television
The steam
mover.
been
in
turbine today is
made in units as large as 150,000 horsepower and is so effetent in the generation of large powers that it is unlikely to be supersed- ed by any other forsecable prime much There has been speculation as to the possibility There can be little doubt that Megacycles per second and the of Atomie Energy supplanting the ing power on a large scalo but the rapid developments in radar system has been designed for more orthodox methods of generat. which took place in England at operation over optical paths be-
new source of of utilising .this tween stations up to 40 miles the only method at present known the beginning of the last war owed very much to the avall apart. Two intermediate sta-energy is in the generation of ability of advanced television tions will be used to relay the heat which still entails the use of tho radio the boller and the steam turbine. technique in that country. The signals between war-time experiences in radar terminals and because of have in turn contributed great-nature of the terrain one part ly to our knowledge of wide will be about twenty miles in band-systems-and-untra-short-length and the other two will wave techniques in the widest be about forty miles. At each station there will be a lattice.
Bense.
the
In a thorough search for the steel tower, about eighty feet! best peace-time uses of this ex-high, which will carry, a cabin perience, the Research Labora-nine feet square containing the and signal tories of The General Electric radio-frequency Co. Ltd, of England started ac- channel equipment, and outside tive work on radio links for which the transmitting and re- ultra-high definition or colour ceiving aerial systems, each.ap- proximately twelve feet in dia-
television.
t
THE WORLD'S MOST OUTSTANDING
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MANNERS ENGINEERING LIMITED
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HONGKONG
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Man, Pack Horse, Waggan, Lorry. Locomotive, as transport can only move on the ground. Uso Aerial Ropeways and move your minerals and finished produci■ án e higher level where there is no con- gestion. Be independent of such obstacles to speed, cllclency and proo- omy, as roadt, hils, valloys, rivers. Up to 200 tons per hour, Single loads up to so cont Distances up 19 100 miles.
BRECO
BRITISH ROPEWAY ENGINEERING CO. LTD.
KING WILLIAM STREET HONDEN, ARTHUR STREET, LONDON, EGA Telephones Hansion Home 1681-2 Telegramer Boxhawling, Cannon, Londen
Organising The Back Room Boys.
By A London Correspondent
One. hundred
refrigerating machinery many other matters.
and
PA
窳
most
There are about 60,000 me chanical engineers engaged in scientists, 98 separate activities in Britain, At the end of 1946 the G.P.O. meter, will be mounted. At the physicists and mathematiclans, four times as many as there are
engineers and twice issued a
comprehensive apecl-foot of the tower there will be and some five hundred experi civil
officers and other many as there are electrical en. small building which will mental fication for a specific radio 4
out gineers. linkage project between London contain the power supply units, technical staff, will carry,
Though there is already and Birmingham which is re the supervisory control equip-scientific research in Mechanical quired at the earliest moment ment and a standby power Engineering on an uprecedented very considerable amount of re- to provide the first extension generator. Attention has been scale for the general benefit of search in this fold in progress maintenance of industry throughout Britain. now at the Universities, Gov of the B.B.C. Television sys- given to the tem to the provinces. Special, service from the system in all
This huge organisation, which orment establishments, and in modifications
therefore weather conditions; tempera- were made to the ultrahigh defini- ture and humidity control will will enable Britain to keep her the larger firms-it is not co lead in industrial development, ordinated; there is a good deal. cabin and
by of overlapping, and in tlon linkage design, to meet the be applied to the
the staffs are so sraal} urgent requirement at the exist building, and an automatic de-will be the twelfth set up
Mr. Herbert Morrison's Depáticases ing standard of definition. The icing system to the aerial struc-ment of Scientide and Industrial that they confine themselves to project was much more than a tures.
Research in the interest of the the most urgent and immediate Others problems, and neglect the funda scientific experiment; it requir-
Standby Equipment community in general. ed the design and construction
already functioning 'are engaged mental research on which future
conatruo practice very largely depends. of a complete relay system sult-
All equipment, except the in building and road
The new establishment will able for operation over many
not only co-ordinate these years and with all the refine aerial systems, in each channel tion, fire fighting, fuel problems
tivitica and fill in the gaps. ments of automatic control and at a ztation will be duplicated and food questions.
ment. The serial systems will The wide scope of mechanical Much of its work will be well supervision which have hitherto automatically come into service engineering influenced the ahead of the Immediate require been associated with perman-
immediately upon the event of Cabinet in its decision. It covers ments of industry, so that in ent cable systems,
a failure in the working equip practically every industry in the time firms will turn to it for in- ment. The aeria. systems will country, including agriculturo; formation and advice before be automatically switched from it is concerned in the design and starting on new projects. And The London Birmingham the working to the standby production of all engines
its store of experience and Television Radio-Relay Link, equipment, in the event of such power plant for marino and knowledge will be available to which The General Electric Co. a failure, by radio-frequency aircraft propulsion; locomotives all firms, large or small. Ltd, of England is to design contactless switches. The equip for railways, motorcar enginea
The Director and supply to the Post Office, ment in each channel will be and transmission systems: the is intended for the transmis controlled from the control production of power from coal.
Simultaneous
нати
and
·BC*
Director of this ambitious
alon of television signals having point at the end of the link to all and water; the machinery project will be Dr. G.A. Han the waveform of the present which it is transmitting and conerned with the manufacture ins, of the National Physical Television transmission by the from this control point it will of iron and atcel; the production Laboratory, one of the most pro B.B.C. from Alexandra Palace, be passible to switch on or off of chemicals, textiles, and foods; minent "beffius" of World War When completed it will permit.
(Continued on Page 0) ventilating, airconditioning and IL He designed television signals to 'be relayed elmúltaneously from London to Birmingham and from Birming- ham to London, though in or der to establish a Ink between the two cities at the earliest possible moment a. single ro versible channel will drst be in- stalled. The system la being designed no, as to be suitable forlater extension. Trans- mission is to take place between a radio terminal near London and a radio terminal near Birmingham and facilition for monitoring and control of all the equipment used in the link: are to be concentrated at two control pointa, one in each city.
The radiofrequencies usedl will be of the order of 1000,
know
the first aupersonic wind tunnel available to the Allies. Dr., Hankins will be advised by a Board consist- ing of eminent scientists, techalefans and Industrialisto, sorving in their personal cap acity and without feo, and led by Dr. H. Gray; a Follow of the Royal Society who was one of the War Cabinet's principal scientific advisors. The Principal of the Multiary: Collège of Science, Dr. C.A. Lander, will be a member of the Board, La
It will take several years for
Agents in China
* FAR EAST
ASSOCIATED MERCHANTS LIMITED
National City Bank of New York Bldg., 2 Queen's Road, C., HONG KONG
c/o Reiss, Bradley &
Co. Ltd.,
P. O. Box 898
88 Muscum Rd., SHANGHAI
THE ELECTROMATIC ?
and
ELECTRO NEUTRALIZERS
A Boon to Motor Car Owners and Industrial Plants
(1) REMOVE EXISTING SCALES
(2) PREVENT, NEW. SCALES.
(3) PREVENT CORROSION AND PITTING
FOR MOTOR CARS, TRUCKS, ETC.
INSERT
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FOR INDUSTRIAL PLANTS
Land and Marine Ballers, Etc.
NEUTRALIZERS
ICATES
Precipitato mineral salta out of solution.
They are the disposed of through your blow-down pipe
For further information apply
FOREVERT
MUTUAL CO-OPERATIVE CO.
Room 101,
Bank of East Asia Building,
Distributors
for signed and installed.
Təl, 20458.
For the £250,000 and #880,000, annual- beneilts be ly, but through the
full results to be obtained. Even time being, the work will
the location of the new Station carried out at the
Physical Laboratory.
National that will nooitio to industry, and
et the the Beving in inklusirini are
has not yet been decided, Ejulemides Cost to the watak senzor work, it will be money micht, some of which on a fairly].
large doble, will have to be che payer eventually will be between well spout,
No comments yet.
Private notes are available after approval.