1947-05-19 — Page 6

CHINA MAIL

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A LESSON LEARNED -Tewas just over a year ago that Britain's wartime Prime Minister, Winston

Churchill, made his speech at Fulton which] attracted worldwide attention and stirred up an immense volume of political discussion. In that speech, Mr. Churchill spoke of the "iran curtain" which the Russians had greeted in Europe, warned of the dangers of Russian Communist expansion, and proposed an Anglo- American partnership (nut military alliance, as headlines wrongly suggested) iu safeguard world peace and free

denn.

THE CHINA MAIL, MONDAY, MAY 19, 1947. :

NEW DEAL FOR THE CHINESE FARMER

A

and China's hard-working perenially poor farmer in final- ly to get a "New Deal" na result of the Chinese Govern- ment's decision to introduce land reforma to clear the way for

By THOMAS ALDEGUER

The rightful owners, in the meantime, are being paid off in 15-yearly matalments by means of land

bonda lesued by the Government-sponsored Farmers Bank of China.

+

thinki

scholars, he added, also that, economially Chins can be if and when prosperous only the present feudalistic land ownership system is reformed, thereby improving the livelihood of the farming populace.

National

the development of a new and agricultura

Meanwhile, the Government more produclive

has begun distributing 15,000 system.

au

new form tools-the frat to bo The decision followed

manufactured in Chinn under extenslot of the modern farm-

Land Taxes ing methods throughout the

the auspices of the The order of priority in which Agricultural Engineering Cor- nation and the distribution, free

subsidiary of the of charge, of the first "made-in-the Government intends to ful- póration, a

Agriculture and Chin" agricultural implements low in the distribution of re- Ministry of

it is learned, Forestry. Priority is being given among the country's 300,000.-qulationed land,

to farmers in war-devastated 000 peasants.

1. Tenants before the Com2 regions. regula-

munist invasion,

*

WB:-

China's new land tions, it is learned, will include many of the reforms that have

2. Present tenants, and been consistently urged by 3. Demollized soldiers and agricultural experts--both for dependents of armed

forces eign and Chinese-over-a long who are capable of farming. }} time, including period of

The new farm lawa, It is also more reasonable

taxation reported, will limit the rental system, control of the rental chargeable by a landlord. to non-farming eight per cent of the value of by a chargeable

landlords to tenant

in the fertile areas, and gradual transfer of land Auch landowners to the peasants who actually work on it.

Sung Dynasty

*A

the aud

Capton Workshop These Implements are sald to represent the beginning of longrango programme which alms at the manufacture of year. 20,000,000 farm tools a

tho They were turned out by Central Shop of the NAEC in Shanghai, which was fitted aut farmers, the land;-give tenant-farmers by UNRRA. newspaper

This relief organisation who comprise the overwhelming the option of paying rental in majority of tillers of the sull cash or agricultural produce: Jow turning over US$7,000,000

the provide for a reduction or ex-worth

equipment and from emption from rental in the materials

to the National Looking back un all that has

Cor- event of crop fallure or famine; Agricultural Engineeing happened in the last twelve

call for an improvement in the 'poration for the establishment | months, it is hoth' amusing and

methods of cultivation with instructive to recall the reactions)

if 18 provinctal workshops, in- and provid·luding ene at Canton, which that speech provoked.

"Land to those who till it'in Government ald;

South China metropolis, believed to be the keynute offer credit at a low interest to Though Mr. Churchill only said the new, scheme, part of which financially hard-pressed for another at Tsingtao, In Shan- in public what nearly all well said to be based on the suc-mers.

tung Province, and also 3,000) informed people had been saying cessful land reforms introduerd Simultaneously with the in Blacksmith and wheelwright in private for many

months, in the Sung Dynasty 800 years troduction of the land

re-shops for distribution to village parcel anyone was ready to eff- ago.

forms, a new system of land blacksmiths or to agencies ex dorse his views. Communists and

Is likely to be

manufacturing in-perienced Under this section of the laxation fellow travellers naturally de scheine, land throughout the augurated to case the burden agricultural implements. nounced the speech in bitter terms, country would be dylded into of China's predominantly. These 3,000 blacksmith shops|

being depended upon and anti-Communists were un separate lots, each comprising agrarian community. Although are

an still very much in the blueprint prepare nearly 50 per cent of sure of how public opinion, would ten square i (three t

English mile and aggregating stage, the taxation scheme, it the urgently needed tools and Is reported, may include adup-implements in the postwar re- President Truman and Secre- 54,000 mow (one mow to

Bon of the taxation level prevail- habilitation of China's agricul of an English tary of State James F. Byrnes Sixth Bawa, direct datty

be mode ng prior to the outbreak of ture, while the total production let it be known that they had not These lots would seen the speech before it was de-agricultural units and eventual- Sino-Japanese, hostilities in 1987 potential of the Shanghal work as a basis for present taxation; shop and the 18 provincial ly administrative units.. livered. Henry Wallace, who had Drawing a parallel with the exemption of peasants in areas factories is estimated at 120,000 nut yet been dismissed as Secretownships in the Western States recovered from the Communists tons of tools and implements a tary of Connierce, actually ex- of America, Mr. Li Ching-chat, from payment of taxes in food; year. pressed the opinion that Mr. American-educated Minister of and provision for the payment When all units are operating Churchill had "insulted" the Pre- Land Administration-who will of all taxes in cash, and not in full swing, they will be cap sident by making such a speech in eventually have overall charge food, in regions where able of producing all types of his presence And Under Secre- of the implementation of the re-harvests have been unusually farm equipment, ranging from tary of State Dean Acheson a forms-said that division of the poor,

New Implements few weeks later excused himself land in this way would bring;

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simple Chinese hand ploughs to complicated irrigation equip ment. For the beginning they will concentrate en hoes, sickles, forks, numps and cotton gina. Training Classes

CARNIVAL

By Dick Turnet

10. U. B. PAT, DET.

ノースカ

Y HEA FERVICE, INC. T. "Let dip'be de, last time I hafta toll youso, Pot-don't never call me no more during working hours!"

"

·BARCLAY ON BRIDGE

By Shepard Barclay

"The Authority on 'Authorities"

THE DOUBLE IS BOSS Whenever your partner hus of the

In

made a business double

he has be- opponents' contract,

come the bass of your side.

*

Reflecting on that bidding, and trying to figure out what lend East desirel, when he doubled the slam. Went decided that a diamond was the first choice. But West could not lead a diamqnit, for the very simple reason that every lead or play you make thom he had none. Next he thought of in defence against their contrect, his own hearts, but banished that his mind becKÚSE you should respect the wishes he fden from has indicated and put up the kind South'a cuc-bid of the sult equid it. of defence his double seems to very well indleate a blank in lave requested. If your own hand To open the unbid suit of clubs is such that it is impossible to do was unthinkable, as that lend as he asked such as having a would surprise his partner-the void in the *ult he probably worst of all leading sips wishes fed-then you ordinarily bidding double. should do something for which you can feel sure he is prepared. In any event, don't try to sur- prise him with some other move, unless there is something about your hand entirely different from what he would expect.

9Q 3.5

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at the last moment from attend-into existence new communities One of the important effects ing a dinner given. for Mr. Chur-in, China's rural areas, all inde- of the "New Deal" will he the

ant, chill in New York. Little support pendent

self-contulped. transformation of the chequer- was forthcoming for Mr. Chur- After land ownership was de-board size land holdings of the

in euch new area, average farmer today—measur- To meet the demand for thef chill's views even from Conser-termined

would be taken ing between one and two acres at serviers of technkelang for, the vative leaders in London. Indeed, measures

compact provincial shupa, for some months he seemed at. gradually to consolidate and re- the most-into large

training So farma on which agricultural classes have been opened in must as politically isolated as he

Eventually land within the machinery could be worked. Shanghai, At present 23 was in the days when he

into be marked

According to Mr.

enginest Cheng graduate students in warning the world of the oncoin- equal tracta bearing, serial num-Hsiao, Vice-Minister of Econ- ing from various universities ing tide of Nazism.

bers, and the holders of the amic Affairs and Director of are being trained to take over How changed is the situation land given numbered coupons the China Land Administration supervisory positions. today. As we rereads Mr. Chur-Instead of title deeds. The land Research Institute, the Govern Concurrently with the fortn chill's Fulton speech, every word would be used to bring the most ment intends to establish seems mild and even tame com benefit to all living within the pared with current speeches and area. actions of the United States Gov- crnment.

Dean Acheson has told

a Congressional committee that he Mr.

DK

Communal Living

To increase the land acreage, Li said, farm dwellings

as tool production programme of early as possible tractor stations the National Agricultural (Dealer: South. Both in various regions and at the Engineering Corporation valurable).

South same time purchase large CNRRA has established a farm bumber of tractors and other machinery assembly plant pro-i

tiols agricultural

from the Ject to facilitate the processing United States for cooperative and distribution of the heavy

CK 3

sidos

West North

East

19

SH

4D

Db1

63

1

regards Soviet Russia's policy, as new nattered over the country-farms, which will also be sup- agricultural equipment which Better Than

and

munitions to Greece

fer- Including some 2,000 tractors.

"aggressive," Secretary of State aide would be removed and com- plled with plough oxen, farm- UNRRA is sending to Chian, George C. Marshall was tough munal living quarters set up ng implements, seeds and with Soviet Foreign Minister V. In each new arts to house-iali M. Molotov in Moscow, and the within Its boundaries. Ances- United States, is sending money tral graveyards, which also take a considerable portion of RIE up Turkey in an attempt to bar al farm and, would be reduced in further spread of Soviet im-

Mr. L expressed confidence perialism.

What has brought about this ly, the new plan would bring that, if carried out successful- extraordinary change in so short profound and salutary changes a time? Certainly not public re-to Chinese society.. flection on Mr. Churchill's Ful

It is bellefod

tiliseru.

So far, seven tractor plough The Bomb land reforms was not only the various parts of the country, Mr. Chang Hala gald that ing projects are in operation in

tural system in China, but also more and more tractors arrive. foundations of a new agricul- and these will be extened as

size,

that -im-

the prepresulsite of industrializ ation of the country. And world

100 Years Ago Today

-Reuter.

GERMAN PAPER FINED

Berlin, May 18.

A

after That process of elimination left him

ailernative- just one trumps. So he led his only spade. and South walked in. Two trump sounds, one heart ruff and one heart put on the diamond Amado the contract a cinch...

tosed

West should have that, with the great...songth- showing of, his opponents, South was much more likely.. to have the heart A than East. Unable to lead the diamonds-lucky he couldn't he should have opened his own suit. East, would have ruffed and returned a diamond for the setting ruff. All of which, however, doesn't prove that East made à good double." "If" "he kept his mouth shut, West would bava led a heart.

If you opened the bidding with hand not very strong, and both- opponents take action against it, Db)

what principles should govern Dbl your second turn?

Soviet Again The Snag

The

Vienna, May 17.

Washington, May 18. After a week's discussion of Glenn L. Martin, airplane the draft Austrian treaty. the manufacturer, told Senators "Big Four" Commission meeting today that United States here today has still not reached scientists are working On..a an agreement on the instructions "radioactive cloud" which could to be given to their committee of be released by planes at a great

ppointed on May 12, Smøla difference: là between altitude without the explosion the throo western powers -land; of an atomic bomb. tun speech. It is unhappily true plementation of the "New Deal"

Russia, on the degree of indepen, The press section of the

dence to be giveří · ·the experts/ that human beings in the mass are will be first confined to the re-

Soviet Military Administration, Appearing before the Senate The Russians want a strict seldom influenced by reason. covered Communist areas in

hos fined the Russian liccused Commerce Subcommittee, Marlimitation of subjects, they may They only learn by events and North Kiangau. North Anhwei,

newspaper Berlin. Am Mittag tin said. he was not too sure the disciss usually only by unpleasant events. North Honan, Hupeh, Shantung

British spokesbian sold Mr. Churchill could have stump- and Manchuria, the official.

Ing" to the French Premier, too many atomic bombs because hoped that when the commission ed the United States for a year reason being that these are all fail", May 19, 1847),

Paul-Ramadier.

of the work of this "cloud."

most again on Monday, the Soviet without decisively affecting wheat-producing areas and more have received Intelligence besides

The amount of the fine was He told reporters later that delegate would have received the opinion

suitable for large-scale farming that what was brought by the not announced. The headline the "cloud" could be of greater now instructions he said he was All credit

In these former Communiat- Auckland gicamor. Little of siir appeared on May 8 over atory military value than the atomic

expecting. for the changed held regions, farm land which ring interest had transpired ex about the World Bank Loan to bomb, except that it might Soylet delegation promising to **Today's mesting ended with the American opinion must -Foreign Minister Molotov, and by the Reds is already being mony ore is stated to have been for

to had been illegally distributedrept, than an abundance of Anti- France. It said "dollar bonus "boomerang by drifting back study a revised American draft on Vice Foreign Minister Andrei requisitioned by the various discollected at Bintoolto by Mr.Preas..

Ramadler," Asanclated with the wind-Assoclated the experts' terms of reference, Vishinsky, and to the Politburo in trict Government instead of Burns, which gentleman is dring

"Press. Mostow, which has authorized being returned to: the original very well, it is sold. their activities during the last non-farming owners-for feds- We understand that a complaint twelve months. Their aggressive ing to farmers.

tactics, their refusal to cooperate

and, above all, the insolent way

(From the files of the "ching for a headline deemed "Insult- United States should procure.that he was still optimistic, and

By the arrival of the Amelia we

has been made to the commander of the "Phlegethon," guardship at Labuan, that the commander of in which they have sabotaged the mobilizing public opinion behind one of the trading brigs at United Nations, in which so many them. Apart from what is lost Hemco proper had concealed four, hopes of a more peaceful world during this process, there is always brig was searched but to no pur

Dorneose when on board; the i reside, have convinced the Ameri- the danger that the aggressive pose, yet it was believed the can public that it is quite impos dictators may mistake the a worthy dames wore in the vessel. sible to work with Russia. parent indecision of the demo- These women, are said to have Though the public has been cracies for cowardice or stupidity, been taken away, from Pani slow to learn this lesson, they and may be "encoitroged to run seeran Mchmeln and wruld have learned it much quicker than risks that might ultimately pre have been strangled it discoveral they did in the case of Germany. voke a war. That is what hap and taken back three others hay. It is one of the weaknesses of the pened in Hitler's case. gone that means of execution,

ing a/few days (previous under democratic system that there is the political leaders of a free always txund to be time lag country cannot afford to get to cannot but regret that any at- while public opinion prepares it far ahead of their public, opinion, tempt should be made to offer self reluctantly to face the facts however right they may be. At violence to the scruples of the of the, disagreeable world; ' in the same time, they have a duty natives of Borneo," much a, equide which we live. During that time so lead onihian in the right direct calculated to embarass Qu ing, aggressive dictator can stor tion and to be some distance aliead alone and to frustrató all en amarch on the free world and of their falkowen It equally done to mind the people in stakoy put, claims to which they the obligation of free peoples-tone galvena

the scale of civilization, a have no right Leaders of the free intelligent enough to respond To SPORTSMEN KCEIVED world are forced to sit back and to boldi legiferabip and to ded that an Invoice of SHOT, kad Existia watch wrong thiaga dono bocatio chairsvisaders, are suproperly dupe and Harvey lik they hayt not

ended ported in their endearoun÷) 134 4 ROBTE

If this statement be correct we

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