1947-02-13 — Page 2

Page

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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 13, 1947.

TOKUNAGA TRIAL CLOSES Readers' Letter

Decision To Be Given At Today's

Final Speeches By

Counsel

Judgment in the case against Colonel Tokunaga Isao, Capt. (Dr.) Salto Shunkochi and three other members of the POW Camps staff dur- ing the Japanese occupation is to be given this morning when No. 5 War Crimes Court re- assembles at 10 a.m.

N.T." Farming

erally money lenders and specu- Intors. They have no hand in —Sir-With-Tha. Labour Gav. the production of ecops, and...

ernment's +well

advanced not content with drawing exor

Titaniccialist policy bringing such bitant rents very cleverly and

but no

to be understood that several Governor-General thousand men cannot be issued cognition was given them. with a bed each at the same moment.

kets

Rations.

from

re

Routine "It has been testified that after an escape all POWs were paraded for several hours in the rain. There being a large

a

radical changes at home I am mercilessly rack their tenants and by priec manipulation surprised that for so long

in the vegetable flagrant example of "what speculation- we're fighting against" should and grain markets, which they exist, apparently unnoticed. in themselves control. the British New Territories. Constant submission to this What I have in mind is the pernicious system by farmers state of farmers in the New whese relatives have Territories. I was profoundly the same land for twenty gen- shocked to discover the follow-erations, has made them accept Poverty ing deplorable facts of which their comparatively few people, even officials seem stricken conditions with com- be regarded not as a collective (1) That only a very placence or indifference. whilst

amall percentage

number of POWs to check on,

they may have been standing for some-time, but this should punishment but as a routine

HALF

farmed

landlords of farmers the absentee

Bub ow the land they work. Over scribing nothing, sit back and 90% are tenants. (2) The tenant greedily rake in fat rents. Is

this socialism? farmers, give at least

It is obvious that here we their rice crop as rent payment and even higher rates on land have a, very fertile ground for' devoted to vegetable growing. the seeds of communism

the (3) The land owners are gen-germinate, just compare

१०..

reason

nction.

There is evidence that empty cans were used as mesa tins. That might have been ine when the Camp was open ed, but when Col. Tokunaga took over such matters as mess- ing equipment had his atten- tion. It is not to be overlook- ed, however, that POWs traded their mess ting for cigarettes. roll-call. The closing addresses by the defence and prosecu-

"When POWs were under-

"Cel. Tokunaga is hardly to clad, clothing was issued. Each be held responsible for under- tion were given yesterday when counsel for Tokunaga and Saito pleaded that responsi POW had two blankets, and hand assaults on the POWs by this cannot be said to be in his guards and interpretera. bility for conditions at Shamshuipo and the

sufficient for the Hong Kong No one guard or interpreter other POW Camps did not rest entirely with

climate. There was no excess

can be kept constantly observed accused but with the Governor-General, who

clothing supplied and though on the off chance of his being

situation with that in Russia was Tokunaga's immediate superior, and the W/O. Lewie states that he caught in some act which is

among the pensantry before the other kney there was a year's sup-not set down in his duty.

revolution. Already in general prejudice of the Japanese Govern- ment and Army against POWs.

ply of British Army clothing "Col. Tokunaga testified that Japanese occupation, but they purts of China communism has

whether that

cond sprung out of similar Puddicombe in the Colony there seems to be because he went, to the Gov- failed to prove "Another person in Colonel remedied," Major

available. on ernor-General about the welfare serum was

the ions and there is no Tokunaga's place could not have said. "Deaths from dysentery no basis for his statement. nade a better job of his role as and malnutrition must be ac- "W/O. Lewis states: I think of POWs so many times, he market during the epidemic.why agitation should not sprend

was asked by the. Governor-The fact is already known to to Hong Kong. Such political y Camp Commandant," Mr. Fuji counted for by him. If you do all together received

two blankets. General whether he expected to the Court that soon after the disturbances might be averted ta. Tokunaga's Counsel, said. nat accept his account you are the Japanese.

of shorts and a

receive a medal from the Bri- occupation the Japanese Army in the Colony and New Terri- "The accused must not be held finding him guilty of a War! two pairs

that tinh. This may help to illustrate and Navy removed large stocks tories if the Government were guilty for matters outside the Crime tantamount to murder," shirt. Thus it appears

the POWs were issued with some

general prejudice where af medical supplies from the to take rapid and drastic mea-- acope of his responsibility. I ask Closing Address

were concerned. in clothing and at least two blan- POWs

An- Colony for the own use. Witį sures... in the interest of infinite mercy In his closing address

cther person in Col. Tokunaga's nest Lt. Col Crawford stated! The principal of and justice that credit be given defence of Colonel Tokunaga.

place could not have made a that he bought serum through should be above all that fr

should be La the accused for his sincere Mr. Fujita Tetsuo said:-

better job of his role of Camp the camp guards from local mers of the land endeavours to better the lot of "On Jan. 31, 1942, approxi-

"It is to be admitted that Commandant. The accused must! pharmacy sources but that the owners of the land; they should POWs in the face of heavy odds mately 10,000 persons **were

by enormous The not be crushed the regulation scale of rations not be held guilty for matters amount was very small. and that every allowance be accommodated at Shamshuipo,

was insufficient to maintain the outside the scope of his res-

same witness piso suggested to rentals. This would mean re- made for his very human fail- North Point and at several

ronsibility.

the Accused. to obtain serum sumption by the Government of worked by the ins."

other places. The buildings at former state of health

from Tokyo. it would appear all land not

owner: (with compensation) these places had been severely POWs, especially in 1942 when the supply of supplementary

"I ask in the interest of that the witness knew that damaged during the hostilities

rations did not The controlling!

run smoothly infinite mercy and justice that there was no serum on the Inel and redistribution among the present working tenants with and. looted.

not be credit be given to the Accused market at the time.

preferably a Crown right over Japanese at that time had made Col: Tokunaga, should

for his sincere endeavours to

the land. The tenants would no endeavour to convert these held responsible

the accus directly influenced by the pro- better the lot of POWs in the

then be, for all practical pur to POW Camps.

face of heavy odds and that

pases, the owners of the land ed stated in his evidence this greas of the war.

"In answer to a question put was indeed tremendously by the Court, Witness Matsuda every allowance to made for his

with perhaps very human failings." these testified that the foon in the A verdict of "not guilty" was difficult task to convert

In his closing address in de- requested by Mr. Fujita in the camping places, where

Japanese Army was very case of Lieut. Tanaka Hitoshi, sanisation and confusion reign-The Japanese soldiers in Hong ice of Capt. (Dr.) Salto, Mr.

Crown right would ensure that ene-time Camp Commander at ed. into fit places for POWs to

Hasegawa Yukichi said:

if a farmer were lazy he could Argyle Street, on the submis live. The camps were spread ng were having a hard time sion that the charges were mis-out over several outlying points were POWa because of the

be replaced by a more deser- Influence of the war.

al Japanese personnel attach to us all from the testimony ving worker.

Saite and Further of Accused.

improvement placed and the evidence adduced with no direct contact or con-

""Col. Tokunaga was not

ed to the Hong Kong POW

that their best farming methods and crop rota inconclusive. Mr. Fujita asked munication between them.

Specialist in medical "Colonel Tokunaga made en- Although he was in

Camps and he also supervised Tokunaga, f a generous verdict in the

a position ease of intèrpreter Tsutsada deavours to move POWs to in supervise and instruct Dr. the work of POW Doctors in efforts to improve conditions ta might also be encouraged Present being done), and if Itsuo ("Stodda") in considera- empty houses in the vicinity of salto, he was ant in a position the diagnosis and treatment of in the Camp met with disap-by-Government advice (as is at

POW cases. Therefore it is proval in higher circles. at Stanley Fort but was refused

such a redistribution cf. and The Prosecution

materialised, larger areas of clear that the Accused was

In his closing address the land might be brought under never directly responsible for

being the health of POWs, but mere- Prosecuting Officer, Major G.B. cultivation instead of

allowed to lie fallow as is cus- is supervised their M.Os in Puddicombe, K.C., said:

five "Accused before tomary under the old system in accordance with an order from the Camp Commandant in ad- you face anywhere from one to the New Territories. dition to his main duties. This ten charges. Of the eleven Prevention is better than has been verified by reference charges contained in the Charge cure and the time is ripe 20 articles of the POW Camp Sheet, the first five have to do let's have some action before Regulations and the Detailed.

with the mistreatment of Bri- it's too late. POW Treatment Regulations.

JOHN WALDEN. tish and Canadian' Prisoners of: "On several eccasions Dr.

Branch im the various Camps and Hospitals of the

Saito's counsel. Mr. Hasega. wa. asked that the Court make allowances for "extremely un- favourable circumstances con nected with the duties of the Medical Oficer attached to the Hong Kong POW Camp."

Hon of the circumstances

il

and

disor-

for

of

affairs

bad.

3

matters.

consulted

to debate technical points. On the case against him and plead permission to do this. He saw Dr. Salle's advice he indented ed careful consideration of the be had no alternative but

through the Governor-General's charge against St Harada keep the POWS where they offer for drugs and medical Jotare, the case against whom, were and to have the buildings, e.ipment." During the diph he said, was Lased on rather at Shamshuipo,

Norththeria epidemie he went there unsubstantial evidence,

Point repaired and suitably imself to apply for drugs. The the equipped Glass and other Governor-General In his closing address,

G. pair materials were short, but with his Medical Frosecuting Officer, Major

Department 1. Puddicombe, KC, submitted the windows of the Shamshuipo Head as to whether the indent that the death of every man Camp were bricked up to keep should be approved. who died of diphtheria because out the ccid air. There

"Maj. Gen. Maltby in his of the failure to ensure segre-been evidence

the hut fidavit states that a Japanese gation or the lack of serum roofs leaked but this was true Medical Majer inspected the was directly Saito's responsibi- only at the beginning. ilty, no less than "if he had grasped the man by the threat

tury

that

has

I.'

Saito's Case.

"The considerable delay in obtaining sorum from Japanese Army sources can be attributed caly to the general attitude of to. the Japanese Government ward POWs. Officials auch the Governor-General were re-

just a nominal rental to be paid to the Hong as Kong Government, whilst the

"Saito was responsible for luctant to show concern in the the diagnosis and treatment of welfare of the POWs. It is clear

Safto advised Col. Tokunaga of War

the necessity of easing aver-

The Court remembers

The

the These

of

Camp at the time of the out- crowding which might prove Hong Kong Frisoner of War cause it would appear to have Beds Supplied

break of dysentery and drugs

administration. dangerous in spreading

been unneccesary, is the more "Of these charges the first heinous. and stretchers were applied for. "Mr. J. H. Price in his affida- The Major's answer was, 'Any were either to build additional contains every

epidemics. Saito's Buggestions and choked him to death".

element found after a few

Horrid Picture Tokunaga cannot escape the vit states that

more complaints from you and

"This is not to belittle the consequences of his neglect to months beds were supplied, but I will have machine guns turn-uts or to establish a new Camp. in ally" one of the other four. elements are eight in that rations were increased, three men had to use two beds. et on you and all your Camp. evidence that the Accused ad- number consisting of

the sertqusnese of

other Camp was This was the attitude taken by

clements That and housing and insani-At that time the

of those charges. "(a) Inadequate accommɔda-

individually, any one Taken conditions were not still being equipped and it is persons outside the Camp and vited the Camp Commandant to

utilize. vacant huts when the tlan, sanitation, food and cloth- the Court's attention is drawn

by no means inconsiderable to the fact that no matter how first draft of POWs embarked ing; (b) Failure to provide will exhibit the symptoms of a

medical treatment, equipment, much effort was put into ob- for Japan in January, 1943. taining necessary medicines on Col. Tokunaga, assisted by medicines, and harsh treatment offence. En masse, they present a horrid picture of cruel and in the parts of Col. Tokunaga and the Accused, toolt steps to ease of sick POWs; (c) Beatings human eristinality, Dr. Saito, because of this kind and to provide for daily clean-parties sent on war work and Salto almost exclusively bear the deficiency in sanitation and ill-treatment; (d) Working The Accused Tokunaga and of attitude their reward small indeed. .......

ing of drains, opening of a dangerous projects; (e) In- the burden of the first two bath-house, an increase of beds, humane working of POWs when elements. As far as the first destruction of insects within they were physically unfit; (f) is concerned, the

HR

The Difficulties

Was

"Little To Do"

chus Fests

the Camp. Many other measures Compulsory signing of a parole; mainly on Tokunaga, but ehar were taken to better sanitary (x) Collective punishment; (h) ed to some extent "In the important matter of conditions.

by Saito:: General ill-treatment. transfer of sick POWs, to hos-

Both these accused admit that "Of these, because of their the conditions existed. pital, some difficulty was ex- perienced in transferring POW "The health of the POWs consequences, by far the most "What the Court may con patients from the Kowloon side was, no doubt, affected by Jack serious are the first two. Forsider is the evidence respect- to Bowen Road Hospital. This of food. As a medical officer, Dr. the first, due to the exigencies ing what steps were taken to came about through the Gov Saito had very little to do with of, the situation, there may alleviate the situation. As for ernor-General's order that fer- the matter of food supply. That have been, primarily, Bome as Saito is concerned, he, it is ries and boats used by Unit wus entirely in the hands of excuse. The sudden need for submitted, beyond pointing out Commanders were not to be the Intendant Officer. It is a housing a very considerable the dangers attending over- made available for transporta-fuct that the Japanese diet dif- number of prisoners does pre-crowding, could do little. But tion of POW patients.

fera somewhat from that of the tent difficulties. "Food and the Court may well look" ask- "The men for. POW labour European and an absolute dothing in war time are oftenance at Tokunaga's exposition parties were chosen by the change from European diet in short supply.

of his efforts. As. appears POW themselves through the for those who are unaccustom "Eyen lack of sanitation, for from his evidence, beyond in POW doctora and the POW ed to this would -result in "a a time, is understandable. But vestigating the possibilities of labour committee. Unit POWs general weakness and lack of these things can be remedied Stanley Fort, he did nothing. were not sent out with labour resistance to disease.

In 1944, Argyle Street was parties. It is stipulated in the. The Accused, observing the or at least, the evidence of Regulations respecting the Laws alarming state of deficiency sood will to effect betterment evacuated by the 500 officers much to palliate the there who were transferred to und Customs of Way on Land d'acaacs, immediately advised will do of the Hague Convention that the Camp Commandant that charge The second, denial of Shamshulpo. The, wherefore of

medical facilities and care, bes work shall not be excessive rations should be Incrcused.

Continue on Pude a end. shall not be in connection Unfortunately, it was not with- with the operation of war in the authority of the Cauip

It is a most difficult thing to Commandant to do so. decide

whether or not some "During the diphtheria unfamiliar types of labour might be can- epidemic, being nected with the operation of with the local drug market, Dr. modern warfare, especially when Saito consulted the Chief of a country is making an all-out Medical Staff and purchased stand. The only labours to be anti-diphtheria toxin 'locally. considered in this case as con- Realising that more serum was nected with war operations are urgently needed to check the the extension of the airfield | death-rate, the Accused, through and the transportation of the Camp Commandant, urged! bombs. All other labour was not higher authorities to obtain dangerous or excesive.

thà serum, from Army sources. “Col. Tokunaga had authority | He made a few visits to Canton to engage POWs for work in and did not find any there. At side the Camp only. Working the end of October, 1942, he partics for outside jobs were obtained 4,800,000 units. He called for by the Governor did all in his power to check General. If such labour were in the epidemic. and if his en- violation of International Law, deavours were vain in the: Burely the Governor-General beginning circumstances were. who engaged those POWs in it.

should be held responsible. Col. against him."

Tokunaga could not refuse the Serum Supplies

order of his superior. When The witnesses Gray, Henry,

BOYS AND GIRLS CLUBS

ASSOCIATION

FLAG

DAY

SATURDAY FEB. 15th

he received representations re-H. Y. Hau and Nazarin stated "HELP OTHERS TO HELP THEMSELVES”

garding the work on the air that there was enough"serum field, he passed these on to the in the Colony prior to the!