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THE CHINA MAIL, MON DAY, FEBRUARY 5.-1947.

War Lost Before It Was Begun

London, Jan. 30.

safe

| CARNIVAL

By Dick Turner

APEX LIFE

ore to

INSURANCE

CO.

in the story of the two naval La me sense Germany lost staff officers. The fact that the way before it was begun on this depended the

never shipment of Swedish because Germany was prepared for a naval war Germany via Narvik, led to the against Britain.

postponement of the invasion. Norway's pro-British The possibility of having "But

by Britain as an antagonist was sympathies. demonstrated net envisaged until, 1938, be her reception of the Altmark Ger- cause the Hitler Government incident; influenced the

mans to enfbark on their in- was ill advised politically,

out invasion." "This point stands

docu- three lengthy German'

by the ets made public British Admiralty today. They

are:

1. "Aspects of the Garman naval war" by two unnamed German nayal staff officers at tached to the historical section head of the German naval quarters.

by Grand Ad- 2. "Essay quiral Denitz (commander-in- German Navy on the Chief of the from January 1943) war at sca."

to

navy.

3. "Documents related the resignation of the German commander

in chief, Grand Admiral Raeder and in of the the decommissioning German high seas fleet."

The documents make clear the friction between the Ger-

un navy and the army

with the the luftwaffe. Say that

in power, personalities ineritable friction could

bui been overcome. Raeder, an experienced leader of sound judgment, on the ont hand, and Goering, a narrow- mirded dillettante, on the

Italian Inferiority Complex

The two naval officers blamed the undue haste with which the armistice with France was drawn up. and as a result of which the occupation of Tunis not insisted and Dakar was upon, de being largely respon- siblr for the position in which the Axis found itself in the Mediterranean.

The naval war staff repeated- ly urged the closest collabóra- tion with France, even at the! cust of political sacrifices in- cluding recognition of France as a sovereign power and the equipment of the complete French Colonial army so that it could resist a possible Bri- tish landing.

The un-named authors con- and

sidered that Italian naval right operations had so little success ther because of a feeling of infer

on the part of the have larity. with Italian naval war staff. In the German view this was without justification since the strength! of the Italian fleet, with ita two new battleships, was con- not un- sidered to compare

the favourably with that of British navy.

other, cooperation was impos- Mible

lack of

Even the system of arbitra- tion failed through specialised knowledge on the part of the wehrmacht com- mander-in-chief.

U-Boats

But it soon became appar ent that a certain measure of Italian control in the Central

was all Mediterranean

that could be achieved.

Doenitz wrote in his

1948 MY NÊM NERVICE, INC. T 14 REG US AT O

9-20

"In that eventuality life wouldn't be worth living-bot I would prefer it in one lump sum (“

Atlantic Airlines

Losing Money

Pan-American

la addition to the three com.

Do You Recall These Names?

לונות

Bitolj. These

As the recent war took its global course, strange pages of the atlas were opened and re- nite pets became household words. Much of that fleeting. knowledge of geography

ua. Prilep escapes Kleisoura, Monastir .... were some of the places in the news' as our 'forces fell back to the Termopylae line during the tragic but magnificent days of the Grecian campaign in the spring of 1941. How many. cule recall these names today ind their significance in the battle! -

these Valana and Durazzo," himes s..ot.d be better remem- beed! They figured day after way in the co.nmuníque cover

ng the hir operations carried out by the Royal Air Force from. Greece in the winter of 1040 when it was sent to sup- part the Greeks in their harvic against Italian ag- Patruggle

gression. Valona and Durazzo were the ports of Albania ila through which the Italians were pushing men and mater al while the Greeks strove

mobilisation. flect a speedy When Al Vice-Marshal J. H, Sir John! d'Alblac Drought his small force to was Grecce every pressure

him in brought to bear upon Athens to give cose support

how

to

of the land forces, whereas he appreciated that the best help lo the Greek he could give

dis- armies was to concentrate his bembers on the enemy's communication, embarkation ports and lines of

"I' finally

10

obtained axree-

Mr. Churchill has formed af Committee of a "private and popular character" to further the idea that Europe must voite or perish. His Committee is strong and remarkable; and contains of every outstanding veterans party and of no party, who havel made the organisation of inter- national relationships their pro- vinces. Mr. Lionel Curtis, Mr. Mr. Victor George Gibson. Gollancz, Sir Walter Layton, and Professor Gilbert Murray names which lar sonie of the

guarantee that this new body is very far from being the political Manilaunt which, since Mr. Churchil! |re-started drinaming on the idea nt Zurich last September, some

World Air- The overriding fact is that jeynics and, sniffers have suspect- ed it to be. But there is no mem-

ways, Trans World Airlines and aviation executives, in their her of the Cammittee more entitled No associate himself with the pro-

American Overseas Airlines are calculations, greatly exaggerat services. would wish to travel by air let than Mr. Churchill. Even

currently all losing money on ed the number of people who

panes are acress the ocean. when leading a forlorn crusade

their trans-Atlantic While westbound still usually booked to capacity, he always against appeasement, had one foot on British strength

essay eastbound flights are some peting American trans-Atlantic ment on this policy" Sir, John were directed and the other on international or

that "when the situation at sea times taking off with as few airlines, the British, the Dutch writes in his Grecian despatch his- The un-named German

in the Mediterranean took an

the ganisation. Some say," he then

as six or eight passengers. That the French, the Canadians, the "and attacks

end of "turn trans-Atlantic traffic, which Belgians and the Scandinavians forthwith on the enemy's back eusarked, Put your trust in torians consider that the com-

for us the Italian fleet-failed many aviation executives had all operate trans-Atlantic ser- areas......By

And these airlines all November, the Italian advance hud been stemmed and the position of the German fleet in unexpectedly favourable

lucked to as the plum of the vices.

their Pug your trust in British re-1980 was influenced partly by

The decommissioning of the business, is proving a crushing have monopolies within armament.' I say 'We want both. the restriction of the Versail to make adequate use of it.

les treaty, but chiefly by the German high seas ficet.

completed their concentration early disappointment; and the pros-ows countries. The Americans, Greek Forees who had by then with their three competing were able to take the offensive. I put my trust in both"; and on

attitude of the political tea- another occasion, “The only thing dew, who regarded a war with

in 1934 was a result of inter-pects are far from bright.

Many causes have contribut- companies, are therefore at The Greek General Statt 801 vice conflicts.

most appreciative that is ridiculous about collective Brilain as out of the question.

-It is possible that the deci-ed to this state of affairs. At tremendous disadvantage. that pre-

More than eighteen months prompt and Valuable help wo security is that we have not got Ducnitz claimed

sion of Hitler was arrived at the end of the war, there was parations for the invasion

navala backleg of.theusands of people ago, Juan Trippe, head of Pan had been able to provide and American, urged upon the they expressed the view that Britain were coraplate in Sep- gradually, and German

Civil Aeronautics Board that it was largely due to out-as- tember 1940 but then "it be les indicate clearly that re- who had, urgent personal

there was com for only on sistance that the situation had same alys apparent that com- quests for other branches for in shaping

American company on the now become satisfactory." plete defent of the English air allocations of men and material

been played their part

trans-Atlantic route.

For some unaccountable raA- force had by no means achieved. Thus one of the most this policy of still greater in-

Others who were less for son on the other hand, Sir important pre-requisites for fluence must have been

naval business invasion was lacking".

consequences of Allied

competition are now fores, could if hundled proper John points out, the Italian alz round to Trippe's y, have played havoc with the to Governments, you either had coming

Sooner og Greek mobilisation' and concen- shelter. Associated to fly or stay at home. This point of

backlog has now been largely later, this policy seems sure of tration arrangements but

pletely failed to do su adoption. exhausted, and meanwhile the

As the winter passed it was Some people still uppose un- great ocean liners are fast bé-

American ification of

trane deemed essential in February ing recovered for, civilian use. The Queen Elizabeth and the Allantie services on the grounds; 1941 to stimulate the morale America are sailing regularly that this would constitute car of the Greek troops in an offen- and will soon be joined by the Le What these critics overlook sive to capture Valona by using is the fact that American civil the RAF bombers in close sup Queen Elizabeth's sister ship,

cartel. port of the Greek attack. From The only open question is a purely local and spectacular whether series of aviation disasters have

that carlel will be point of view this form of co- as discouraged many potential

operated efficiently

inef operation was an instant and plane passengers. Others

praise, Sir John fulsome Board already restricts 10

'high turning away from flying beficiently. The Civil Aeronautica complete success. He received general idea only. There is a Raeder, in his farewell to national Court in 1933, which cause of ils unpunctuality, dis- three the number of companies Wiften, but he felt this

which y the Athantle, They regard was based on false pro-

mbcs for "although we prescribe the routes and fixigoratingir friends, we the fare. A certain amount of

our air- were nisemploying empétition is both healthy and craft Later events proved desirable; indeed, it is essential this to be the cus

To things are clear. The first is that the idea of a United Europe appeals strongly to the public. The second is that many people are puzzled about the, practical details of such a plan The Committee has been wise, in its first propouncement, to avoid

is the same as that which launch ed the Mulberry the artificial harbour which played such a part in making the liberation of Europe possible. In his famous memoran-, dum enjoining the designing of Mulberry, Mr. Churchill order-

CENTRAL AIR TRANSPORT CORP. details algerler. The strategy

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of

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or

By RANDOLPH CHURCHILL ́

reasons for ercising In Allied interrogation sub-operations, by which the Ger. the Atlantic. As all shipping sighted and stood out for un- sequent to his essay, Dounhitz man high seas fleet was driven was requisitioned by the Allied bridled said that although the war from the seas and forced

was lost in one sense

before seek

Press.

it was begun, in another sense it might still have been won. I was expected that the new type U-boats would

radically aller the equrac of the war. Thy would have been ready

CANARD DENIED.

Copenhagen, Feb. 1. Gustav Rossumussen, Foreign Minister, today denied that Den- mark was to open talks with ed those concerned not to waste by the Autumn of 1944 but fur Norway on the question of sover time on thinking up diffculties the delay in production caused eignty over Greenland as the re for permanent military ties will suggest themselves." So, tent the bombing offensive, In States when now setting out to create bonitz's opinion can be said bases there.

The sovereignty of Greenland an artificial harbour of another to have won the war for the

has finally been settled, he said, kind, he starts by prangating the Alies.

decision of the by the

view.

before they began the difficul- { by the bombing. To this ex-sult of pressure from the United the Queen Mary. The recent aviation already "is a

secund difference between

are

Inter-

comfort and inefficient rangements on the ground.

ar-

the

his officers, "soid

Committee's inaugural statement and sutne others, including Mr.

measures taken from the very Reuter.. utset to expand the submarine

that "the was in favour of Denmark,

force were correct, far sighted

Churchill' s own, namely, that it and therefore fruitful. Thanks BARCLAY ON BRIDGE

Norway

were

The German Davy's attitude

By Shepard Barclay

"The Authority on Authorities”

CURB YOUR

IMPATIENCE

on a

or

to the future of civil aviation.

But if competition is unbridled,

were of the

com.

were

The latter part of the des-

the

ail the competing companies patel tells in greater detail of will be ruined, and the public, the air operations after will get no service at all.

des-

Idoes not contain a word about to our office in Holland and

Communism,

comections with the Spanish Nevertheless, difficulties will and Finnish navies we arise, and one of the first is able to create a certain basis found to be Russian and there for building up a submarine

arrival of the British land for- The opposition which many ces. A despatch cannot fore Communist hostility. The arm even under the Versailles

three clubs were divided

Americans feel towards cartels cribe the steadfast day-to-day Committee is wise in not letting system, utilising the experience

basis of two in one defender's itself be deterred by that prosgained in World War I.

hand and che in the other, his is largely a matter of prejudice bravery of the men who flew inherent in the word. Cartels and serviced eighty aircraft beer. If nothing were ever start-

contract was safe and sure as was likely to ed which Russia

are usually could be. He also saw that he and "Fast players"

monopoles which are opposed to 1.000. But Sir John veto in the first instance, little toward Norway "was based on creatures of habit. In the vast could make it against three clubs selfishly exploited with the ob gives us-an-idea of what that he sumis would ever be started at all. If the conviction that Norway's majority of situations, they play

neutrality would be the hop according to some kind of rule. ld use his K on the reject of fleecing the public. are fight entailed when

would use his on the first club bad and should be broken up | up: other nations, proved to be favour-plet solution but only if 'Nor- As soon as a circumstance con lead. Likewise, he would be safe Those which exist to bring or "Even after being shot down. able, something might be worked wegian territorial waters were feents them, they apply the first if West had all three and would

our lighter pilots would imme- rule that seems to fit the c case. Lout which would in practice dis- also respected by the enemy,"could this be because of a parts, be unwise enough to play the der out; of anarchy and ta

wild fluctuations in diaidy take the air in aircraft arm Russian suspicions. A second Doenitz wrote..

cular kind of inferiority complex?

Hoping for the 2-1 division, but prices are thoroughly beneficial. which had been riddled with difficulty is to decide what is On the other hand, all pos- Would a psycho-analist or pay also providing all possible lurg

they want cther meant by Britain's "full contri-sible means would have to be chlptrist

from dummy. club, he led the Norway people to think of them as having for play of the K on the first bution to European unity," and employed to prevent

minda? Fro-

ast, as is his custom, promptly. Giral Won't whether she is to be a member becoming an English sphere sharp fast-acting

"Covered

with honor would bably so in many cases. At any buch of United Europe and of of influence, as this

Impatience and think a bit, in. That cf course enabled South to North Sea and constitute a stead of acting first and thinking get seven tricks in clubs plus two

their fortunate opponents.

Bay

on the first trick.

on

an

prevent

the British Commonwealth, or also lead to the blocking of the rate, their failure to curb their honor," and the Idilled his Try Again

leave direct participation in 'the former to what seems likely to life.

threat to the entrance to the inter, hands hundreds of points to

be her French partner. A last dif- When the invasion" of · Nor- ficulty is the extent to which na« way was

launched actually tions would be willing to surren-one of the German transports Bunk by der their sovereignty to such a were attacked and "Regional. Group." The Com-British submarines, "When it: 5..10 8: mittee says, it would be premature was announced on the Nor-

5.7-'6 5 H.8 2

D. A

C. Q 10 7 6 5 3′′ 2′′

S. A.2

4.3. FN

H..AK

5 10 4

S

S,

angh

to answer this question now, and wegian wireless that ship. H. 7044 WE that is clearly true. Mr. Churchill wrecked Germans soldiers from D. 8 5 3 2

the C: None has himself suggested a Council these ships had reached

-expedition of Europe with advisory and harland, the whole

Docnitz seemed in danger," tatory functions in economic mat-wrote. "No further effective. ters, but apparently something counter-measures wereidken more' in matters of defence. These by the English but the Nor

encountered things, can, however, wait until wegian resistance the Committee has explored and in several places may have been

vulnerable. Scuth West organised support for the general due to this advance alarm"

Raeder regarded the Nor- NT

Pas idea, though they cannot wait for ever. What can be said now is wegian operation as the fimt 2 NT that the general idea is good, and dimax of our naval campaign" (3 NT

and said:

(Dealer:

Pari, Feb. 1.

in diamonds and two in spades. Dr. Jose Girat, former Premier

for two extra tricks.

1 East had played low on the in the Spanish Republican Gav club Q. South could have scared ernment in Exile who resigned only three club tricks and would in. Monday following the with have been set, no matter what he drawal from his Cabinet of the did thereafter..

Tomorrow's

Problem

ے گا

S. A 0 4 2

H A 10, 3 D..A:Q7/5 C.4.2

N

10 443 WE

MTOU

'X Q. 10

MMM

372

South. North-South

J 075

(0.2

*S C. K 0.

North

East

Pass

Poss

West led his fourth best spade

the

bullets and by all normal ston- durda were totally, unservice- able. The courage of these men never failed nor looked like failing. Each man aware of his great responsibili- ty in the face of great odds" The evacuation to Crete and

Was

on to Egypt hardly csened that responsibility, And of the aircraft themselves what finer example of their quality mould

1 Socialist and Trade Union Minis be cited than the Sunderland. wers, today told the President of flying boat staggering into the

· Republican Government, air to carry away in one flight to safety, crew and passengers Benor Martinez Barrio, that he would not undertake the task of to the number of eighty-four. forming a new exile government:

Dr. Gital's

It was decision, learned was taken on the ground that

he did not feel able to form sufficiently broadly-based gov ernment

to

meet; the

demands

those who want to see the anti- France monarchists and the

AIRLINES BACK IN OPERATION London, Feb. The British Overseas Airways. Corporation reported considérable France elemente in the Spanish today

improvement in, flying conditions, The anti- Axtny, represented in the Re-By this afternoon, airliners publican "abndow" cabinet me had taken off from Londen air-

Barris das not you an port for the Middle East, South.

whom he whit

invite to Africa and India Incoroing, planes form the now Cabinet, but it is re-arrived from America and Aus-- that Mr. Churchill could not believe that the war es a East, secing the menace of that

Bardis, former Premier and "Everying is thawing out," said have done better, with his tremen-whole could not, have been car-long club sult, with a side entry (Denler: North. Neither side ported that he may select August trails.

Finance Minister In Giral's BOAC cfficial. "We should be If East had doubled for in Lake. dous reputation and prestige in ried on without the occupation to help bring it in, took the open- vulnerable.yungan

ing trick with the A. and then Europe, than to devote part of his of NorwayAR switched to the diamond 4, knock-out, then bath defenders bid Cabinet to do so. Bardia repre- back to normal services within spades, bow should South play for sents the left-wing Republican 24 hours 12 there is no more bad

weather-Reuter, energies to a task so well design- The question of Norwegian ing out the dangerous entry. ed for an Elder Statesman, neutrality figured prominently South saw that, if the missing 4-1tearts after the spade 3 lead? group-Reuteṛ.

H.Q08 64

CAO 10 BA