1946-09-05 — Page 2

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THE CHINA MAIL, THURSDAY, SEPTEMBER 5, 1946.

CHINA MAIL

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DIRECT ACTION

BY THE WHICH POWERS TO CONTROL

WAY

By BEACHCOMBER

Fishing on holiday in the River Flam with a salmon rod, Professor Julian Whick, after A furious 1%-bour struggle, landed a rather odd-looking dah weighing 154lb.

On closer inspection it turn- ed out to be Professor Maud Sloop, who had foolishly tum-

river bled into the

a little higher up. Upon discovering that, quite unknown to ench other, they were both worlding on the same problem of how to extract the pipa from oranges without breaking the skins, Professor

Whick adroitly de- tached his hook from Miss Sloop's coiffure and tossed her back again..

He has since caught a had- dock in the very same spot.

1

THE DARDANELLES?

Like an arrow fromen bowed Russlan warships In the that has been taut for many Mediterranean to enforce Lea- months, the problem of the que decisions. and her Own Straits has been shot into the warships to go freely through target of world attention. It the Strafts to support hor Run- has been shot strictly in ac- alan and Balkan aillon Italy, cordance with the Potsdam annoyed over sanctions, refused rules, but on examination it to co-operate. reveals barbs which forotell keen rivalry.

6.

tablishing a regime for the Straits must lie with Tur- key and the other Black Sea Powers."

to

That Turkey und Russia- shall "Jointly crganino the defence, of the Straits prevent their von by other The Montreux Convention was States for purposes hostile- signed by Britain, Russia, to the Black Sea Powera." France, Japan, Turkey, Greece, Last November America put Rumania, Jugoslavis and Bul-forward proposals which mainly garia, and by Italy some months coincide with the first threo later. It secured maximum Rungiam proposals; except that freedom for shipping "within it was specified that warships the framework of Turkish of non-Black Sea Powers may security and the security with enter when acting for tho in the Black Sea of the Black United Nations, The remain- Sea Powern.” Its main con- ing Amoritan proposal was that the United Nations should ̧ 28- sume the powers accorded to the League of Nations under Montreux:

The question of the revision of the Montreux Convention of 1936 governing passage through the Straits- term which in- eluden tho Dardanelles, the Bosporus and the Sea of Mar- mora-came up at Potsdam in July, 1945. It was one which, together with Russian claims to Kars, Ardahan and Artvin, bad

to begun seriously trouble Russo-Turkish relations. After zome unproductive discussion.ditions were: Britain, America and Russia 1. Freedom of passage quietly agreed that, as a first Turkey separately. step, each should approach

Revolutionary · Unobserved by the judges, who at the time were searching in the long grass for a missing

Britain and America made carring, a horso called Beac

their approaches last Novem- 2. tionary won the Hedgehopper'a ber. It was not until ten days Salad Bowl- at last National Horse Show by some-posals, to Turkey. They were ago that Russia put her pro-

week's

what dubious tactics on the part of ita rider, Mr.

П Wateaux.

given additional eclat by the resignation a week previously of the Sarajoglu Government in Turkey and by Russin's publi- | cation of documents charging

with that Government

anti- Russian activities during thej

By R. H. C. STEED

for

The points still ut issue are Russian- merchant ships in peace or the fourth and fifth

The fourth seems war, except that if Turkey proposals.

News from India is a tragic comment upon the efforts of the Cabinet Mission. The assump tion of office by the Nehru in terim Gorerament has led to riots and stabbing in Bombay, with a toll of many deaths, the filling of the hospitals with wounded and the calling out of troops. Else- where there have been demon- strations, on a huge scale in which the Moslems have reaffirmed their intention to resort to direct action rather than to submit to Hindu rule. Mr. Jional's appeal for a peaceful protest has been widely observed, but as all Indian experience shows, when religious sentiment is aroused communal clashes cannot be avoided. From the tangled situation into which India's political affairs have been brought one fact stands clear. The attempt to set up an interim Gov- crament in which the Moslem League has no representation is certain to be followed by fur- ther unpleasant consequences. Mr. Jinnah cannot be absolved from playing dangerously with fire, or from missing a great opportunity for conciliation, but there are rea- sons for the resentment he dis- plays. When he accepted the un- dertaking of the Cabinet Mission, that a

Government would be formed from men willing to serve, the refusal of the Congress Party to join was made the excuse for abandoning the plan. When the For particulars regarding services between all other cities and declared its willingness to

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Approaching each fence, Mr W, deliberately put his mount in reverse, thus enabling it to scramble backwards.

over

the obatacles

When the other riders pro. tested, as is customary, it was able taste, there was found that, although in deptor- nothing in the rules against horsés jumping backwards, as nobody before

thought

ind

even given it a

Explaining away the incident, Mr. Wateaux declared: "He was always a backward animal from birth."

Ill-Bred

"For weeks I have been try- ing to dispose of a slice of stale bread, originally the lower half of a fehpaste sandwich. It

I have watched it turn from

grey to green, and then to purple with pinkish spots, but whenever I try to sneak it into my local pig-bin two men spring

out and level revolvers at me. Are they entitled to do this? la now sprouting some species of vegetation."

་

FURTIVE.

accept office, the scheme was im mediately revived. A Moslemu League Ministry would have been as dangerous an experiment in government as is an interim gov- ernment consisting wholly of Congress Party nominees, but the contrast between the treatment of the two main elements in India's

Nail bread to block of wood political life is obvious enough to and act on window-sill. account for the present failure to daily. Lop off all shoots longer reach any point of accord. It has than 11 inches. If, roots work By the added disadvantage of giving loose, use large staples. come ground for the charge of Christmas you will see precisely British favour to one community what I mean. rather than another. Full respon- Tapping The Claret

Water

incon-

war.

First War Treaty

is a belligerent only non- to mean that the new regime. enemy ships muy pass.

for the Straits will be deter- In peace-time capital ships mined by the Black Sea Powers of Black Sea Powers only alone, and not by the Montreux may pass through, singly, signatories in an International and the total tonnage of conference, on which Britain, and France other foreign warships in America, Turkey transit may not exceed are known to fnslat. It la con- 15,000 tons. Non-Black Senceivable that the phrase "estal Powers altogether may not lishing a regime" can have the have more than 30,000 tona

sense of "operating a regime" of warships in the Black and not "determining a regime". Sea, or 45,000 tons under This is a point of vital impor- cartain conditions.

tance and needs clarification. 3. In war-time, with Turkey Soviet Base-Or Bases

not a belligerent, warships

Russin'e fifth proposal of belligerents may not phas through, except to support clearly the now familiar demand the League.

for a brse. She in believed, in If Turkey, le a belligerent,fhet, to have the ide of two or if she considers herself basca-one on either side of the Imminently threatened with Straits. war, she can close the The Russian contention is Straits to all warships. that the Straits form her only real direct warm-water egress During the war, Turkey was

Oceans of the world. able to uphold this complex to the regime in the face of powerful They are at the same time, as It were, the fortress guarding belligerents and to maintain a strict neutrality until in the the vast concentration of Indus final stages sho joined thetry raw material, sit and grain There was a certain along her Black Sen coast and It is intolerable, amount of fraud by the Ger- hinterland. mans, who passed a few barges she argues, for the key to re- But the secret treaty was used for landing operations and main in the hands of others never executed. The Bolshevik auxiliary warships. with con- Government withdrew from the cealed guns through the Straite, the but protcats by Britain to Tur- war in 1917, published treaty and denounced it as in-key put a stop to this.

The net effect of the Mon- perialistic.

treux provisions was that Allied convoye

The Montreux Convention, like each of the successive re- gimes for the Straits, was the

4. product of the material and moral forces of its time. Just how much these can change was strikingly demonstrated in the first world war, when, in March, 1916, Britain and France, in a secret treaty, promised Russin Constantinople, both sides of the Bosporus, and the whole of the the northern shores of

What angry stirrings Straita.

graves of 19th-century British statesmen!

Instead, in 1921, there came the Treaty of Sevres, concluded over the body of a very tem purarily prostrate Turkey, and practically ignoring a disorga- nised Russia. It provided for international control of the Stralta and complete freedom of passage, "both in pence and war, to every vessel, both of commerce, and of war."

were unable to pass through the Straits to help Russia with supplies and naval and military forces when she direly needed them. Axis war ships were also kept out, but for three years Arls shipping freely sailed through, support ing operations against Russia and carrying away oil and other booty from her ravaged pro- vinces. Much of this oil fed Rommel's armies in the desert.

Five Proposals

Now Russin has put forward. her own proposals for the re- vision of Montreux. They are: 1. That the Straits shall al

ways be open to the mer- chant ships of countries; That they shall always be crea to the warships of the Black Sea Powers; That they shall always be

It was replaced by the Lau- Banne Convention, which with- drew Allied troops anu restored the northern shores to Turkey. 2. but still maintained a narrow unfortified tone on both sides.

France, Britain,

Italy and 3. Заран

pledged to resist violation under the League. Russin was then invited to sign, which she did under protest 4.

were

sibility for the next move rests

In their respective. brawls

But within three years the apon Pandit Nehru, now that he last week I note Roderick had

whole edifice had been shatter- has formed his interim Govern a whisky massage, while Bol-

ed by the amazing resurgence i ment. To this Government, the linger 24 was used to sham-

of Turkey, the quarrels between Viceroy has promised the "greatest Poo Mille' hair in round seven.

Prize-fighting has indeed Britain, France and Italy, the possible freedom" in day-to-day changed since that memorable futile ambitions of Grocer, the administration. Meanwhile, Pan- day in 1857, when the Tipton growing isolationism of Ameri- dit Nehru has already failed to Slasher and I fought 64 bare-

ca, and the distant stirrings of show the discretion looked for in knuckle rounds behind a mal-a new Russian influence, one who has assumed power. His berry bush on the Dover Road. warning to the Viceroy that if he We were fanned with wet attempts to exercise the veto, with potato aneks, rubbed down with which constitutionally he has been horsehair soaked in brine, and for a stimulant between rounda empowered, it will "lead to trou-

we stood upside down in a tub ble" and "have grave consequen- of sour milk. Battling too to ces" is not the language that toe,

byebrow to eyebrow, smooths difficulties

or that the ultimately we both fell flat on Viceroy may be expected to hear our faces, remaining calmly. Until Indians have con scious for 17 weeks. All we structed a new Constitution for got was 108. each and a new

hat themselves any Government set up must discharge its functions with-

Kay Corinthian, Sir in the present Constitution.

Jasper Crossbones, No man in the position of Lord not kicking.

patron. He is still alive, but, Wavell, responsible for the peace of India, could consent, in view

Party Hints of the events in Calcutta and Bom-

When short of chairs: Frld bay and the more serious disturb and crosswise, continuing this lot of blankets lengthwise ances that may follow, to continue process in office deprived of all power.

indefinitely until you observe they are not only bo- Least of all could he do so when coming smaller and smaller, but the strife between parties calls, as also higher and higher. Then never before, for a strict holding arrange chintz cushions on top of the balance between them.

and tell everybody to sit on them. Guests whose legs dan- gio rather aimlessly must be asked to get down again, and not alt there looking allly. It is no fault of yours if they have short legs, and on no ac- count should they be invited

PENSIONS FOR FILIPINOS

B

That

WBB my

For the next decade it nuited, on the whole, all concerned to leave the custody of the Straits with an eminently peaceable Turkey. But by 1936 the Abys- sinian war, open. German rear- mament, and the failure of the. League mado undeniable the claim of Turkey, fully backed Lausanne conditions and for the by Russia, for revision of the re-fortification of the Straits. Montreux Conditions

At Montroux there were the bouquets for Turkey for correct procedure she had fol-i lowed in putting her claims. : but there were also hard bar- gaining, crises and threatened breakdowns.

Russia wanted to move her warships freely at all times be- tween the Black Sea and the Mediterranean, Britain demand- France want- ad reciprocity.

Boston, Sept. 4. Brigadier General Carlos P again... Romulo, the Philippines Ambassa Egham To Dingi-Poos dor, today appealed to tho Veterans of Foreign Wars Con understand what you saw in Dear charmer, I never could vention to join the fight for Just that brigand chief.. Surely treatment for Filipino veterans.

Brig. Gen. Romule traced the clothes than ropbing carvans, I know you

they are better ways of getting abused by an: Ipswich' butcher. are of a very history of fighting in the islands, and, anyhow, you may be sure emphasising: "No army was over

generous and friendly disposi~ ælven mó desperate an assignment he has an ulterior motive in tion, but I was annoyed the nor get one so vital to the scheme giving you the proceeds of his other day to be told that a cor- robberies. An Innocent woman tain foreign naval attache here

of fast vetary stod Congres like you is an easy prey for has your name tattooed on his

He told of repentod alonal failure to provide jams cynichi ne'er-do-wells, and Tibet forearm, I remember you used

Filipinos as for abounds in *Chem. -- I bave to call that giving people your

Not one Filipino

dreams of booking, a call to you autograph. But it doesn't make when telephone communication Bened, and sate evil tongues way widow han recalred single established between our coun, wagging. Pardon my re- cent of pension. A great majority teles though I hope I shall be primand, but love forces the of the Philippines Army, persoas nel have bein denied payment of more successful thas a friend bars of my speecham gy

***w Adresin cod who tried, to tak, to, a lady, th

Paris, and Yound himsel & being®,

Freis

Zour devoted wit

GILEN EGĦAM

all

Further, as we have seon in

Paris, she claims full equality in the Mediterranean and the right to safeguard all her in- tereats and those of her Allies there. This, she contends, can never be a reality while there is the least possibility of the Straits being closed against bor or penetrated by an enemy. In her view the only solution to all this is Russian control.

tical with the British one on the The American case is idon-

score of freedom of trade and also has a vital interest in the of the waterways, America now vil of the Middle East and both countries have a legitimate in- Corest in the balance of power not being upset by Russian con- trol of Turkey.

What Is The Solution?

Searching for a colution, one naturally thinks of the United Nations. A conceivable solu- tion might be United Nations the Straits, bases controlling hut how this would work in practice it is hard to imagine. If it were

Russia proposed

would certainly demand inter-

einsed to the warships of national control for all strate- non-Black Sea Powers, ex-gic points in the world-from cept in special cases;

Buez and Gibraltar to the Pana- ma Canal.. »

That "responsibility for es-

CARNIVAL

By Dick Turnar

4