1941-08-19 — Page 39

THE CHINA MAIL, AUGUST 19, 1941.

CHINA MAIL

WINDSOR HOUSE

ANNIVERSARY IN POLAND

The 150th anniversary of the adoption of the Polish Constitution,

a

re-

TOKYO CO-PROSPERITY POLICY

We' demand

positive.. action

Page

Asufficient quantity,

of MILK daily is

J

of

necessary for the maintenance health & energy

BANG

Constitution born with- -out bloodshed, out of the nation's free will, which gave the franchise to more classes of the popu- lation than in any other European country at that time, was celebrated re- cently. Poland then moved long-standing economic barriers between nobles and middle class, gave parliamentary repre- sentation to deputies from the cities, took the down- trodden peasantry under protection of the law and placed decisions on war and peace under parlia- mentary control. The new constitution declared all citizens to be "the defend- ers of national integrity and freedom" and the army "nothing but the defensive force derived from the general strength of the nation." At a time of world-wide political and religious persecution it declared: "Every man 1014-18 this country passed an spite of acute difficulties the good school, and that ultimately! coming or returning to 1918-which was a land-mark in schools rose by over 40 per cent. teachers.. the state, as soon as her educational history.

during that period and ever since No doubt, much of the advance That Act declared it to be the there has been steady growth. that has been made. since 1918 sets foot on Polish soil, duly of the Local Education Auth- Whereas in 1914 the number of can be ascribed to the fact that becomes free." Hertzberg, non of the Board of Education, schools was 187,200 the number the teaching profession has been

orities--who, under the super pupils in State-aided

secondary since then the whole position of Minister of the Prussian are responsible for educational in 1938 was 470,000 of whom some substantially raised. Admittedly Frederick II, declared that administration-to provide for 365,000 or 77 per cent. had pass- prior to 1914 the remuneration of

the progressive development and ed, on from public

elementary teachers was generally very low, its adoption was one of comprehensive organisation of schools. With this increase in buty since, 1918 recognised scale: the great events of the education in their areas "with a secondary education and the bet

organisation, of secondary century and predicted national system of public educa- that it would have great-tion available er results even than Revolution in France.

After a century and a progress made since that date. I

•

the

ASKING FOR IT

Between Two Wars

In the last year of the War ofjvf our secondary education.

In and mortar alone do not make a

act of faith-the Education Act, average size of grant-earning educational values depend on the

view to the establishment of a ter.

for all

persons

capable of profiting thereby."

Within the limits of this short article it is not possible to trace, even in outline, the history of the

will therefore content myself with

By Herwald Ramsbotham,

of Education.

Scholarships

of salary, have been agreed upon, and service has been niade pen- sionable under a State scheme..

As I have said, but for the warl compulsory education would have been extended to the age of 15, but our progress has inevitably been, broken. It is, indeed, some- times thought that our educational; system has been thrown complete- ly out of gear by war-time son- ditions.

Naturally the impact of war has necessitated improvisations and enforced irregularities, but in general the system has stood up to such difficulties remarkably well.

Notwithstanding, the upsets: due

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FARM

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half heart-breaking strug-throwing spotlight on some gle against more power- tional advance.

outstanding features of our educa- President of The Board ful neighbours, Polish territory, twice before par- Helping The Child titioned and occupied, is The Act of 1918 abolished half- again in possession of the time attendance at elementary schools, a closer connection has enemy. There could have schoond on the term in which the and the Universities, as will be to the evacuation of schoolchild-

and exemptions before been established between them been no celebration of the age of 14 is reached. This secur- seen from the following figures. ren from vulnerable to safer old free Constitution of ed a very large increase in the

areas, and damage to school pre- number of senior children in the

mises by enemy action, over 1791 in Warsaw this year. elementary schools and necessi-

4,435,000 out of; some 4,600,000 But Poland herself en- tated a fresh consideration of the In 1920, 2,800 pupils proceed- children in our elementary schools appropriate schooling to give ed to a University from the grant-are still enrolled for full-time dures. Her Government, them.

earning secondary schools. In schooling, a further 119,000 are temporarily: established in As a result the modern ele-1938 the number had risen to receiving part-time. instruction, London, continues

while only some 41,000 are, at thej to mentary school is now very dif- 4,200.

ferent from its predecessors. It This development owes much to time of writing, without schooling function and Poles the is no longer simply a box of class- the award of State, scholarships altogether.

in' which children

secondary, are granted to pupils in world over give to it their rooms

taught the bare elements of pri-schools and initiated in: 1910.

Plans For The Future staunch support. A Polish mary education. Space is now Starting with the award of 200

Teachers and the Local Educa THESE FACTS MAKE- -brigade formed a year ago provided for proper organisation scholarships per annum the num

which enables children to be ber has now been increased to tion Authorities have responded and composed of men who grouped in accordance with their 300.

magnificently to the difficult made their way.

out ages, attainments and abilities. Technical and commercial edu-tasks which.. have faced them. In short, the,school has become cation in this country is largely There, is no doubt, too, that those through the deep snow of something more than a teaching pursued concurrently with em- children who have been trans- their ferred from town to country have the Taurus Mountains is shop. It is a place with space, ployment, students taking

airiness, light, playgrounds and courses after working hours in benefited very greatly both phy- fighting the foe along where possible, playing, felds the evenings. There is, indeed, sically and mentally. Quite apart which offer an environment in a long tradition, of evening class from the advantages of fresh air

side the British in Egypt which young children can enjoy attendance... In normal times and country life, they are finding]. New Polish battalions are a happy and healthy growth. there are well over one million new interests, and new outlooks. forming on British soil In addition, provision has been students in our evening classes. Once again, in the middle of a made on a widely extended scale This is not to say that there is struggle for life and death we are and recruits from the for practical instruction in hand not a measure of full-time tech-thinking of educational develop motherland and Polish crafts, domestic subjects and nical and commercial education, ment for the post-war period. We both senior and junior. But the shall, want to do our best for the settlements abroad, pour gardening.

In 1938 an Act was passed rals great mass of such education is, future generations. in to swell their ranks. ing the age for compulsory school ag, I have said, a matter of part The two main advances which I hope to see secured are the Polish aviators are aiding attendance to 15. By the time time attendance.. in the defence of Britain war broke out a scheme for the It is not possible to show pro raising of the school leaving, age proper organisation of separate gress in terms of any striking in to 15 and the introduction of and Polish sailors man senior schools for senior elemen- crease in the number of students, compulsory Day Continuation

As far back as 1910 students Schools. Polish warcraft in the tary school pupils was well on the

way towards completion.

enrolled in evening classes num- If this system can be introduc British fleet.

The raising of the age has, bered over three-quarters of a ed we shall be able to look after

wol however, had to be suspended million. But during the past 20 the training and physical Poland lives on, waiting during the war. It is one of the years there has been a steddy de fare of all our young people. The for her day of liberation advances wnd as soon as possible vision made, and a number of At in mind and body ready to

which we shall hope to velopment in the standard of pro- result will be a nation alent and firm in the convic-after victory has been achieved up-to-date and well-equipped up whatever tasks a free tion that the day will During the war of 1914-1918 a technical Institutions have been cracy may be called

remarkable and unexpected In- brought into being the shoulder In the petus was given to the growth Itals a commonplace that bricks ahead.

come

years:

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