1941-06-25 — Page 7

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of

necessary for the maintenance health & energy

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Certified T. B. Free.

ined probable. There is reason to The following are ex-war should; at this moment

the if that, history, be avoided, however think

conqueredi nations are not liberated by force great the provocation.

I changed later through the of arms, they will be compelled his duty, under the Neu-outbreak of the present war I ex- trality Act, both to define pected that I should be opposed to influence of the same events that for a long time to come to endure

it, as I was to the war of 1914-18. changed Chamberlain, Lord Loth- appalling suffering

Halifax, and most of able tyranny. "combat areas'

"and to various circumstances, however, ian, Lord

view, the previous advocates of peace, modify, extend or revoke have led me to altor my

In view of what has happened Preserving Democracy since, it would seem that it might' such provisions as he may fundamental principle.

Third: I feared that, if once originally establish, at his I have never been one of those have been better for the world it

Germany had been opposed at an there was war, the issue, who-!- who condemn all war. I have

was nominally victorious, own discretion and in ac-worked so much with people who the arguments for the policy

carlier stage; but I still think that ever

of would be military dictatorship. It cordance with his own were complete pacifists, opposed to

conciliation were very strong, was obvious that, for the duration best judgment of the con-all war, that it was natural that! These arguments, as I saw them, of the war, every belligerent Gov

need dictatorial should have been assumed to be ditions currently prevail- one of them. Though I belonged First: Germany had been treat-powers, and it was far from cer-- ing. It would be intoler-to the Peace Pledge Union in the ed with abominable injustice at tain that, if the previously demo-

years immediately preceding

they what cratic nations won, able, therefore, to expect present war, I joined it on the ex- the Nazis demanded. was no more re-establish the US. meekly to sub-plicit understanding that my ob-than Germany had a right to claim peace had been concluded.

jections to the war that was com-equality with other nations, and As to this though, the British mit to a terroristic act in ing were not of principle but of union under the German flag of Government has now very wide waters which have never expediency.

all populations that so desired. powers, it is using them, except] In 1915 I wrote an article on been included in the com- "The Ethics of War," in which the future, it would have been ation.

Whatever fears might be felt for in India, with admirable discre-

bat zone.

specified four justifiable kinds of dreadful thing to plunge Europe

There came a moment *some Mr. Roosevelt hinted wars, among which I included as into war in order to perpetuate a will say one moment, some

the American examples

War

evident -other-when it became Independence and (on of of strongly at the use

This first argument collapsed that Germany would destroy the the part of the North)

of the independence of the democracies Civil War. My view with Hitler's occupation keep

the seas open to was, in general, that modern wars non-German parts of Czechoslo- one by one if they did not com- German bine in armed defence. From that! vakia. Until then, the are seldom justified, because both Government had done nothing moment the only hope for demo- merchant shipping. This the propaganda and interference that could rightly be called for cracy was war. would be in the tradition with freedom that are necessary eigh conquest. The world had In this argument a vital factor THESE FACTS MAKE

for victory produce an atmos- of America's historic pol-phere in which a good peace is been told, in the most emphatic is the military strength of Ger- terms possible that Hitler's as many. A nation which is secure icy of insistence upon unlikely. freedom of the seas.

It In particular. I thought the pirations would be satisfied as may reasonably pursue a concllia

arguments used by the Allles soon as all Germans were in the tory policy but it is another matter Reich. One might be sceptical of if the price of conciliation is cannot successfully be the Great War were largely uc- argued that Germany has sound; Germany was not as bad these assurances, but in the ab- likely to be ultimate subjugation; as was said, a war fought in sence of evidence to the contrary The defeat of France showed established an effective liance with Tsarist Russia could they had to be tentatively accept what is possible, and must have blockade anywhere on the not be genuinelyg war for demo-ed: "When Bohemia was occupied increased Hitler's ambitions ins much as it increased his enemies" cracy, and imperialist motives (as a new situation arose,

Second It was expected by fears. seven seas in the accepted the Pease showed) were by no

Before the war began it mig meaning of international means confined to the German all the experts that a new great

war, if it occurred, would be far have seemed preposterous to sup side. Moreover, at any time after law The situation is the Battle of the Marne reasonable more horrible than the last pose that Hitler could aim at more like the activities of negotiated peace would have been so far the war, dreadful A world domination. Now it seems possible. On these grounds I op- it is, has not been as bad as was the Barbary pirates in posed that wor both in advance feared. This may cease to be probable that he does so, and his success is bufficiently possible to the Mediterranean a cen- and during its progress. As to true at any moment it a large all for the utmost vigour in re-

scale attempt at invasion is made, this, my opinion is unchanged.

perhaps the horror has been only know that the war, even if it

sistance tury ago.

postponed to the moment that best suited. Hitler's plans.

American warships

to the

- Before Munich Down to and including the time of Munich, I supported the policy

wrong.

ends In Victory, involves very But in the case of acridl-attacks grave dangers to democracy and on Grunt, Britain, it seems clear freedom.

The United States used its Navy to dispose of that relatively minor menace.

that he has done his utmost, and I deplore the short-sighted ill- In the incomparably tain that essential war this has been enormously less barality of British policy in India, greater danger which materials reach their in-destructive than had been pro- particularly the harsh imprison

dicted in the most authoritative ment of such a man as Nehru. I threatens to-day it is tended destination not prognostications, the reason be- scarcely dare to hope that the that dofonce world after the war will be a good clearly to democratic in- only on the road to Cape ing. apparently, terest to use every avail Town but in the northern against aerial attacks has made world, if we win, but if we lose vory great progrées during the it will be hell, probably for a long

time to come. last few years. able warship to make cer- reaches of the Atlantic.

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