1939-03-02 — Page 10

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Men have everywhere, from the beginnings of civilization, created for themselves some form of political organization, not es sentially different from the state. It is one of the undeniable strengths of totalitarianism that it has reacted against 1 the

one

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1939.

posite form of one-sidedness, was unfortunately inevitable.

The most encouraging of Count Coudenhove Kalergi's sug- gestions is that totalitarianisma carries within it the seeds of its own decay. By rejecting indivi dualism, it deprives itself of the possibility of producing from its midst the leaders whose personal courage and initiative are neces- sary to the functioning of any political society. Some of the to- talitarian states seem themselves to be aware of this danger, and bre taking considerable pains to select and educate an elite of

It may, nevertheless, be lergi achieved “a place -, among tion. European political idealists by significant that two at least of his indefatigable propaganda for the totalitarian states, the United States of Europe. He many and Russia, have arisen in has now written in The Totali countries where the tradition of tarian State Against Man an elo-political leadership has always quent defence of democracy been weak. against the attacks of the totali

TOTALITARIAN MAN

Count R. N.

denhove-Ka-leaders for the coming genera

tarian states. Nor is he in any U.S. Battle:

way a pessimist,

He believes

that the "cloud" of totalitarian-

Ger-

The battle now being waged in

"

ism is already passing, and that Congress over the Bill for im- in place of the totalitarian state provement of the armed forces will emerge an emancipated and of the United States was, of tocourse, inevitable. The army and regenerated individual the

steady, navy want efficiency talitarian man.”

Some of Count Coudenhove- careful building. The President spectacu- Kalergi's speculations may seem is interested in a quick a trifle rarefled and remote to the lar programme that could be used politically minded. But he is not primarily for what may be call- The without acute political percèp-ed diplomatic defence. tions. He preserves an austere American people naturally want impartiality between Left and to know more about it. It is a Right ("the totalitarian is an ex- question on which they must and treme reached in only one case, "know what is going on namely the Soviet Union"), and where they are going." indeed doubts whether these Americans are awakening to terms are any longer relevant to the fact that they cannot live un- present conditions. The tragedy to themselves. Their supposedly of the nineteenth century was isolated country has been pro that freedom and equality became foundly affected by the shifting enemies. Freedom is liberal and of a border 4,000 miles away in capitalistic, equality communist Europe and by an undeclared war and collectivist, The Russian 6,000 miles away across the Revolution to establish equality. Pacific. They do not know how constituted the counter-revolu- vitally their national interests are tion to the French Revolution to affected but their own emotions establish freedom."

have convinced them that they Count Coudenhove-Kalergi is could not keep out of a world war. not only an impenitent individual. They will attempt more vigór- ist but a confirmed Anglophile. ously than in 1917 to make sure His ideal remains the English that it is really democracy they "gentleman" (though he would are called on to defend they not give any class significance to have some questions on that score the term), and he regards the in Latin America and in Europe British Empire as "the model for but they recognize that de- the reform of the League of Na-fence begins beyond the actual They tions and the organization of hu-shores of the continent. manity." This means the rejec-applaud Mr. Roosevelt's declara tion of the centralist League of tion that "war is not the only Nations" in its present form; means of commanding a decent which he regards as the counter respect for the opinions of man- part of the "centralist state. kind. They will support the One weakness of Count Cou stronger economic and diplomatic [denhove-Kalergi's thesis is, how measures the Administration: aver, apparent. He himself is so taking and preparing to take. deeply rooted in nineteenth con- Most of them would like to see tury individualism that he scarce- economic sanctions really applied ly realizes the strength of the before military measures are at- collectivist tendencies of contem tempted. And an overwhelming porary society, and therefore number believe that the most im- faila to understand the conditions portant element in the defence of which have produced the total democracy is what the President tarian state. The homo economi- calls the "underlying strength cua of the nineteenth century, citizenship,” the pursuing his individual good in tual rearmament. isolation, is dead, even as an ab- tood only when the straction, and his place has been factor

by “man in docletý #

ve to

talitarian vie

emocracy:

preciated – and would like to i

Ications of

the

THE NATION

the