1938-12-14 — Page 10

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THE CHINA MAIL, DECEMBER 14, 1938

[with China. They agreed inform- ally to keep the 'Chinese door open. Thus the peculiar merit of the Hay declaration lay in its halting of the partition of China. The pledge to this effect remain- ed informal till the Washington Conference when Mr. Hughes succeeded in getting the long- continued understanding written into a formal pledge. He went further, and tied American com- mercial policy to the universali- zation of the Open Door. Mr. Hughes wanted an open door everywhere, not only in China.

It so happens that in the U.S. State Department to-day there is a valiant exponent of the Open Out of the Washington Con-Door. Mr. Cordell Hull is in the ference of 1922 there emerged an tradition from Hay and Hughes, important treaty known as the though, unfortunately, faced with Nine Power Pact. It defined the far more complications than terms of the trading world's re- either of his two distinguished lations with China. Japan sign-predecessors. Open doors to-day ed it, with the other principal

do not exist.

powers. There were two main

Hong Kong, Wednesday, Dec. 14, 1938.

THE NINE-POWER

TREATY

provisions. One was that the sig natories agreed to preserve the

The case of China, however, is closed doors elsewhere are self- in a class by itself. The half- administrative independence and imposed. They have come about, territorial integrity of China. moreover, only in rare instances The other was that the signa by an outright breach of treaties. tories agreed to maintain the

Japan, on the contrary, is en- Open Door of equal opportunity door. And she is doing so by a |gaged in shutting somebody else's in trading with China.

It requires no demonstration

violation of solemn pledges. One to prove that Japanese arms have of the factors, in her positive reduced the administrative inde-given by British and American policy" is the encouragement pendence of China to a fiction. Now they scheming are to do the The Japanese Ambassador in reliance on copious note-writing. same thing for the Open Door. In other words, they are prepar- tation in Japan because he said Washington gained a great. repu- ing first to shut the door and then at the Brussels Conference that to open it to western commerce the United States would never do only on Japanese terms.. A sar-

ways

no

The

sug-

donic comment on the Japanese anything about anything. aim used to be that "the Japs signs of to-day, however, want an Open Door with

gest that Mr. Saito was a bold Chinks in it"; "now they want no man. The present talk of putting foreigners in it.

Japan on the same black list as The Open-Door phrase has al-Germany in American trade re- lations that. is, denying them the privileges which are exchang- ed in American trade treaties because of their discriminatory trade policies-and the growing willingness of the British Gov- ernment to take similar step in reprisal, should be pondered" in Tokyo.

can commissioner in China to

#

* **

referred specifically to China. It is said to have been invented by Lord Charles Beres- ford in a

book written at the turn of the century câlled “The Breakup of China”. The idea. however, can be traced back as far as the American Secretary of State, Mr. Daniel Webster. Near- ly a hundred years ago Mr. Web- ster instructed the first Ameri-Gynathodynamometer make it clear to the Chinese Em- The Bank Holiday crowds, on peror that the United States Hampstead Heath and elsewhere, "would find it impossible to re- that delight to avail themselves main on terms of friendship and of the opportunities offered them regard" with him if the Emper- of testing their physical strength or should grant greater privi- should welcome the news of the leges or commercial facilities to invention of the gynathodynamo- the subjects of any other Gov-meter. This is a device for mea- ernment than to the citizens of suring one's bite, and it is there- the United States. And this idea fore appropriate that it should was elevated into a doctrine by be denoted by a word which is another Secretary of State, the itself something of a jawbreak- famous John Hay.

er. At a recent meeting of the At the dawn of the twentieth New York Academy of Dentis- century, the partition of China try the results were reported of was already in sight, with sever- experiments tried by means of

this instrument on two groups- al Powers ready to begin the

of Minnesota University carving. That would have spelled one the end of the Open Door; for football players and the other of the partitioners would have clos- Eskimos from Alaska. The Min- ed their spheres of influence or nesota men averaged 6ft. in outright seizures to other com- height and 12st. 10lb. in weight, merce, or put that commerce on while the Eskimo average was la less favoured basis than their 5ft. 4in. and 9st. Yet the aver- age bite of the members of the

own.

As Ambassador to London, group from Minnesota registered Hay thought that America and only 126lb., as against the Es- Britain should act together to kimo average of 298!b. keep the Door open. When he be- The strongest Eskimo bite came Secretary of State, how reached 345lb., but no Minnesota ever, he decided that America bite exceeded 180lb." ~The differ- should go to work alone. Ac-ence is attributed by a professor cordingly he wrote to all Powers at Columbia University Dental seeking a pledge to keep the School to the difference in. the ' Chinese door open.

diet of the two groups. Civilised What is more, he was able to man, he says, is developing persuade the powers, vultures and weak jaw because of his soft diet. all, to accept his thesis. Russian It would be interesting, however, acquiescence looks dubious in the to have the jaw-pressure of documents, Still the fact remains experienced dictator with a long that the predatory nations stay-record of successful teeth-gnash- ed their hands in their relations (ing from public platforms; ·

8

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