1938-06-24 — Page 10

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in this spirit use their liberties, not as privileges but as respon- sibilities, there will be slight need to worry about the future of free government.

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DEMOCRACY ITS OWN DEFENCE

the

It cannot be denied. As the hour of dining approaches, con- |flict develops up and down the land, scissors are drawn, tin- openers. yielded, panic is apt to occur, and happy the man who finds a breach honoured in the [observance. What is the result?

Too often the stiff upper lip pro- - An exceedingly interesting ser- duces a limp shirt, or, if it has ies of articles in the "Christian been war to the knife, a garment Science Monitor" entitled, "Let's rent in despair.

No doubt there are some who Examine Democracy," coincided with an unfortunate verbal inter-are privately of opinion that the change between the democracies shirt of Nessus was a boiled one, and the dictatorships. The inter- and who feel that a knight in change between Signor Mussolini shining armour is an anachro- and the U. S. Secretary of War, nism; but to the conventional it Mr. Woodring, stresses the fact still. proves.... a certain social that the present-day problem of standing and it will be long all the democracies is external as before the supporters of the tri- well as internal.

umphal starch give way. This imposes a double chal- In the circumstances, there- lenge upon the tolerance of de- fore, since these Nessusities ap- mocracy. Within, the democracies pear necessities, even those who to the task of imagine with the French that are summoned keeping liberty a vital, enriching "one must suffer to be beauti- force for all their people. The ful" will unite in pleading with central problem of free govern-the. laundries to reduce the suf- ment to-day is the struggle to fering to a minimum. make political equality bring a

+

J

fairer degree of economic equal- A Critic Of Charters

It was never the undertak- ity.

It would have astonished that ing of democracy to level off all men, but it did undertake to pre- he have known that in this year ardent reformer. Tom Paine could serve equality of opportunity. Men will sacrifice their liberties of grace the citizens of Manches- neither to Fascism nor to Com-ter and of Birmingham should be munism while those liberties re-preparing to rejoice at the cen- to tenary of the incorporation of present real opportunities

their respective towns. Paine share in the satisfactions ma- terial and spiritual

could see nothing good in char- which so-

ters and corporations. "It is a ciety affords.

Rights

In their foreign relations, the perversion of terms," he wrote in democracies must find some basis his "Rights,of Man," "to say that upon which they can live with a charter gives rights. It oper nations that choose to be unfree. ates by a contrary effect that This end will not be served by of taking them away. doctrinal warfare. The democra-are inherently in all the inhabi- cies must prepare themselves to tants; but charters, by annulling resist aggression and to work for those rights in the majority, a restoration of a normal world leave the right, by exclusion, in The order, in which trade will once the hands of a few. more be free and treaties be ob- generality of corporation towns," served. But doctrinal bickering he proceeded, "are in a state of maintains a provocative atmos- solitary decay, and prevented phere that is conducive only to from further ruin only by some the continuance of economic na- circumstance in their situation, tionalism and mounting arma- such as a navigable river or ments. War would at least tem- plentiful surrounding country."

Modern Manchester and Bir- porarily weaken democracy as it is now understood.

mingham would be astonished at

dictum:-The.

zones

following of the

a

· of

Democracy is constituted many hundreds. of pressure persons most immediately inter- groups 'occupational and sec-ested in the abolition of corpora tional. Different

have tions are the inhabitants of the special interests. So have work- towns where corporations are es- ers, manufacturers, white-collars, tablished. The instances farmers, and scores of other Manchester, Birmingham, and groups. Sometimes these inter-Sheffield show, by contract, the ests clash and so, perhaps, they injury which those Gothic insti- should in a democracy. But all tutions are to property and com- have great interests in common. merce."

If democracy is to succeed, the It is only fair to Paine that we limited group loyalty must not should remember, that there be carried so far that progress is were real abuses and much rot- frustrated.

tenness in the corporations of his Locke, Mills, and earlier philo-day. Those shortcomings have. sophers of free government plac- since been remedied by the Mu- ed emphasis on what government nicipal Corporations Act` and owes the individual. There is need other reforming measures, and to-day to keep that concept alive. there now seems no reason why And there is a new need for un- the Manchester citizen should not selfish, voluntary co-operation, throw up his hat and give three leading the individual and the cheers for the "Gothic institu- group to consider what they owe tion" which regulates so much of the common welfare. When men his life.