1936-10-10 — Page 17

THE CHINA MAIL DOUBLE TENTH SUPPLEMENT

campaign against

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the Com- munists was carefully organised and the Generalissimo follow- ing the practice of Lord Kit- chener in his Egyptian cam- paigns wisely withheld his final push on the Soviet capital in Kiangsi until all his arrange=" ments were complete. When it "was made. the much advertised Soviet Republic collapsed like

the Com- house of cards, and

since been munist forces have driven from pillar to post. They

ceased have

to be organised armies and are now admittedly bandits and marauders, with no abiding place. They have aban- doned the pretence that they in- tend to attempt to establish an- other Government on the lines of that which filed from Juikin. For this signal change in the situation the Generalissimo was almost solely responsible, though it must be recalled that his colleagues gave him loyal support in finding the money necessary for the protracted military opera- tions.

Although the suppression of movements deliberately intended to-delay, if not entirely prevent. unification. and the campaign against the Communists, have kept the Generalissimo fully ce- cupied, he and his colleagues have not neglected the gradual preparation for the establishment

of a democratic. system of gov ernment as envisaged by the late Kuomintang leader, Dr. Sun Yat Sen. To this end. intensive pre- to parations are being made terminate political tutelage and establish a constitutional regime at an early date. Already a complete rational and logical: code of law has been promulgat- ed to safeguard the rights of the people In 1934 prisons were established to enforce the law without unnecessary hardship upon those who come before the the judicial authorities. For protection of labour, a labour union law was enacted in 1929 to allow the formation of unions,

under along proper lines and

The government supervision. right to strike is so regulated as to safeguard the workers' inter- ests and insure, as far as prae- ticable, industrial peace at the same time.

Simultaneously, efforts are be ing made to carry out the order. of the Government issued in. 1929 that all arrangements for -district autonomy in the district (hsien) should be completed without delay. Nineteen pro- vinces have set up institutes for the training of chsichang, name- ly, heads of the sub-divisions of a district. In 1933 more than 8,000 graduates of these in-

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stitutes were available for ap- pointment. A model local gov ernment is being worked out in Klangsi, Foreign missionaries who have lived for many years in that province, express absolute amazement at the simplicity and cffectiveness of the government machinery that has been set up in the districts of Kiangsi which from the have been recovered Communists.

Furthermore, the long desired- permanent canstitution has been receiving much attention. Num- erous drafts of the constitution have been made. Recent con- stitution-making owes its genesis to the Fourth Plenary Session of the Kuomintang Congress beld in December, 1932. The congress adopted a resolution, proposed by 3r. Sun Fo, pro- viding that in order to meet the national crisis the party should endeavour to bring about. with- in the shortest time, local self- government throughout the coun- try and usher in, by stages, the period of constitutionalism.

National economic planning has been another policy

It has. China's leaders. adopted by both the ruling party Government. and the National

of

been

The initiative for this came from Dr. Sun, who, in his book on International Development of China," urged: "The State should lead in business enter- prises and set up all kind of pro- ductive machinery which will be the property of the State." He advocated the construction of 100,000 miles of railways. 1,000,- 000 miles of macadamised roads, and other productive enterprises. Various plans were proposed and one based on the six-year pro gramme approved by the People's Convention but spread over 10 years, was announced in August, 1931. However, three months later. the National Economic Council was organised to carry out a three-year plan. Chairman. Chiang Kai-shek in an address outlined the plan indicating the general lines along which recon- struction should be carried out, although details were to be worked out by commissions of experts. Two new features of the scheme were the training of administrators and international co-operation through the League of Nations. The National Econo- mic Council has five technical committees whose work is to deal with public roads, hydraulic engineering, health education, and rural reconstruction. Three of them, the Central Field Health

tive organs, have already accom- plished a good deal of practical work, but the other two com- mittees are policy-making bodies.

Simultaneously the four-year plan, which aims at making the Yargtsze Valley a centre of in- dustrial reconstruction; has ad- vanced beyond the vaguely ideal- istic stage. It was based on a scheme for the establishment of basic

Industries which was worked out by Dr. H. H. Kung, when he was Minister of Indus- tries. Concrete proposals have been brought forward and foreign capital has been interested. The scheme for the building up of a steel mill along the Yangtsze is one of the projects to develop China's central region.

Socially, the New Life Move- ment shows the direction in- which China's "national leaders are working.. This movement. started by Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek, has taken the country by storm. Madame Chiang in an. informal chat with foreign newspaper correspondents in Peiping expressed her belief that China's greatest hope was this reform which aims to pre- China's 'serve all the best of

ancient culture and to blend it with those parts of western cul- ture which China needs. Under the stimulus of the movement. she said that China would have every chance of becoming 1 great nation within ten years if.

and given a period of peace prosperity.

The rigid training of General- issimo Chiang in his boyhood, caused him to be deeply dis- tressed by the indications of juvenile depravity that he had seen during the Fukien campaign and at other times, such for in- stance as children of tender years indulging in smoking on the public streefs. He began to consider methods of combating licentious ways in the

yanng.

Soon after his return to Nan- chang from Fukien he launched the New Life Moyement. In less than a month the movement be- came so popular that it swept nearly the entire country. Its inaugural meeting was held at Nanchang on February 19, 1934. Nanchang was the first city to respond. Then cities like Tien- tsin, Peiping, Hankow and Shanghai followed suit.

In one of his speeches Gen- eralissimo Chiang advocated a reversion to the virtues taught by the Chinese sages. These virtues are Li, Yi, Lien, and Cha. "From the pragmatic Station, Bureau of Public Roads, point of view to-day we may in- and the Hydraulic Engineering Bureau, which are administra-

terpret the four virtues follows: Li means regulated at-

-

titude (mind as well as heart): Yi means right conduct in all things, Lien means clear dis- crimination honesty.. in both personal. public and official life). and Chu means real self- consciousness (integrity and honour). These interpretations

are given in "An Outline of the Principles" written by General- issimo Chiang and translated by Madame Chiang."

He has consistently inculcated into the minds of the younger generation the eminent desir- ability of embracing and pro- moting loyalty, filial piety, kind- ness, love, faith, righteousness and peace. On one occasion, he said that, based as it is on these time-honoured virtues, the move- ment must be made effective by observance of the elementary principles of orderliness, cleanli- ness, simplicity, plain living, promptness and reliability.

No social movement can expect to attain immediate and lasting success without a centrál figure who can throw himself heart and soul into the cause and influence others by example and precept. In the case of the New Life Movement. Generalissimo Chiang his is the central figure and example and precept have made a strong appeal to the masses. There is every reason to believe that the movement will attain

time tremendous impetus goes on.

The depth of the wisdom of pro- China's sages is indeed found. It is like a living foun- tain of pure water, ever flowing to satisfy the spiritual thirst of Each age the Chinese masses.

goes back to that wisdom afresh in order to drink at the four- tain head.

After the Taiping rebellion Viceroy Tseng Kuo-fan tried to observance by the restore the Chinese of their ancient virtues. At present Generalissimo Chiang is endeavouring to lead the people back again to simple liv ing and high thinking, or the right conduct of life, which has been much disturbed by the im- pact of western civilisation in the last 60 years.

After the founding of the Republic 24 years ago, the con- servative people and here a tragic note was first sounded - refused to throw aside their an cient prejudices and join in the thinking national movement, that they alone still held the key of knowledge, which as a matter of fact they had lost forever. But Generalissimo Chiang and his colleagues, as they march forward with the fearless steps (Continued on Page 161