1935-10-30 — Page 6

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in Europe at the moment. Nam Germany. What will Cromwell, on a honeymoon tour through the Malay Archipelago Germany do in the event of the from Ball to the Philippines.

WHAT IS MEANT BY

SANCTIONS

RESOLUTIONS, WITHOUT

FORCE OF LAW OBLIGATIONS ARE SEVERAL

NOT JOINT

(By the Hon.

term which lawyers have

NCTION" is the technical

League enforcing sanctions against The yacht has figured promin invented to describe the fac

ently in local politics. Three that there is a policeman round Italy?

Those sections of the Fress years ago Sir Cecil Clamenti, the the corner. The sanction of consists in the Govenor at that time, fell fout of any given law which have been making propathe non-official community. The punishment which may lawfully ganda against Britain's League quarrel arose out of the new debe inflicted by the duly ap Hong Kong, Wednesday, Oct. 30, 1935 policy have hastened to assure.us centralistion scheme for Malaya. pointed officers of Government that Germany will side with Italy. In their desire to best the Gover-upon a person who has been They point gleefully at the fact nor his opponents used various properly convicted by a Court

sticks The Sea Belle was one of of Competent Jurisdiction.

In this sense a sanction is that the Italian Ambassador pre-them

Thе Governor's sented his credentials—as is cos-

opponents, one of the matters which di

economy.ferentiate law from public "From the very beginning of tomary when a new Ambassador stressing the need for this Italian-Abyssinian dis- takes up his duties in a foreign started a campaign against the opinion or mob-law. The late pate," said Mr. Baldwin. in his capital three weeks earlier than frequent use by the Governor of Lord Birkenhead once said. speech at Bournemouth recent was expected. Mr. J. L. Garvin so expensive a luxury as a steam "Take away from the meaning ly, we have spoken and acted went so far as assure Herr yacht The Government yielded, of law its sanction and you solely in our capacity as a mem- Hitler that he was "the arbiter of and the Sea Belle was laid up. ber of the League, and in ful-Europe”.

Why Britain Stands By The League

filment of our obligations In fact all the indications are

under the Covenant Such in the other direction. The Ger- LAID UP BY PROTEST

Some months tarp she

bad every

leave little that is characteris-

tic of the word.”:

Quintin Hogg)

Nevertheless in International these Law there are strictly speak ing, no sanctions At the best Colonel Lynch is the only in- ternational policeman each in

Merely Advice "Sanctions" as applied to ther League of Nations Covenant

to do to one another in the event

was the Prime Minister's in-man Foreign Office. I learn was dignant repudiation of the very much embarrassed by Musso- charge of mean and selfish ni's suggestion that the cere chartered by Miss Doris Duke and dividual state playing its own motives which has been levelled many of "presenting credentials" was entirely refitted. She has part in the operation of inter-

been handed back to the national mob law. against Great Britain not only should take place earlier than was now in Italy, where at least it can expected. For the realised that Straits Settlements Government. be explained by resentment at Mussolini was simply trying to use Her future is uncertain. the stand the British Gover the bogey of a German-Italian It is an axiom of cokmial life ment and the British people approchement to frighten the that when times are have taken," but also in com-

French out of their League policy. Governor is criticised. Times are has come to mean what the tries even League countries-

Austria Stands Between now better. Sir Shenton Thomas, where there is no excuse for

French diplomats are not de- the new Governer, is popular various members have promised such false suspicions. If the British Government had been ceived by Mussolini's tactics, for guld need a very base enough to forswear the they realise that there are many Governor to abandon so pleasant of a violation of the Covenant.

perquisite principles of the League and reasons why Italy and Germany Austria had entered into a new bargain will not come together. with Italy about British in-stands between Italy and Germany. terests in Abyssiniaas Italy Hitler is determined that the pre-

Tommy "Pop, what's a "kanga-point of view as dead letters- invited them to do the charge sent Austrian Government should

Thus, under Article X of af selfishness would indeed have be replaced by one which is more roo?”

Papa: "Just an attempt of nature the Covenant, by which mem- been hard to rebut. The favourable to Germany-be would British Government have stood prefer the actual Nazi Government to produce a safe pedestrian!” by the League because they be in Austria and at least a customs lieve that institution to be of union between the two countries.

LANE, CRAWFORD, LTD. tionists as the dupes of a now

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Some of these sanctions are shadowy enough, and for the purposes of the present dispute between Italy and Abyssinia may be regarded from the legal

bers undertake to respect, and preserve as against external ag- gression the territorial in- tegrity of one another's

ways used with special

Article XVI ď

alone pre- members of the

mite course of con-

was the subject ons adopted October 4,

Resolutions ulate the pro- adopted under should be em-

hey have not the ey are found- ents to the have not been: that what binds the Article Resolutions, where two conflict.

Duty Of The Councă

• Should anỹ - member of the League resort to war in disregard of its Covenants under Articles XII er XV., it shall ipso facto be deemed to have committed an art. -of-war against all other members of the League which hereby under take immediately (italics mine).

to subject it to the severance. of all trade and financial relations, the prohibition of all intercourse between their nationals and the nationals of the covenant-breaking State, and the prevention of all fin mcial, commercial- ur personals. intercourse between the nationals of the covenant-breaking State and the nationals of 'any other - State whether a member of the League or not (italics rome).

It shall be the duty of the Coun cil in such case to recommend to the several Governments concert- ed what effective military, naval or air force the Members of the Leagte, shall severally contribute to the armed forces to be used to protect the Covenants of the League.

The first thing to notice about

and compelled to do anything the this Article is that the provi

most that can be done is for sions for sanctions arise only. the League Council to "advise if, and not until, war in con- faction. If the "advice" is not travention of certain specific taken, the matter - from the covenants has actually been re- legal, as distinct from the sorted to moral point of view will lapse

Prefers Domestic Fruit "What do you think of the Ethio pin imbroglio"

"Well, I must say that I like our old-fashioned fruits best

Not The Force Of Law

The Covenants

Next, what are the covenants which are protected by the

But in common parlance the Article? The covenant which expression sanctions" al- (Continued on Page 11)

vital concern to the peace of Nor would he lightly throw away “Did you ever ask for bread and boundaries, no nation can be Europe, because Great Britain the chance of winning England's get a stone?" "cannot afford to refuse to play friendship. He has always de- **No; but I've asked for a stone her part in the Continent, sired collaboration with Britain, got paste.” where the band of God has and it was with the object of mak- placed her," and because "the ing such collaboration possible centre of the British Empire that he agreed to limit the Ger lies in this island.” and if that man fleet to 25 per cent of that] island perishes the Empire of Britain, thereby accepting a would probably perish with it. smaller feet than that of France-

In such striking phrases Mr.

Italy Not Trusted Baldwin dismissed the isola

Moreover Germany has very little faith in Italy, for Italy, after impossible heresy-** If all the nations had been in the League allying herself with Germany be- to-day, there could have been fore the War, hastened to desert no Italian-Abyssinian war if her in 1915 when it seemed that the League shows itself to be her interest could be served by impotent now there will be no such a desertion. Germany has, chance of drawing in again the moreover, not a high opinion of} nations at present outside. It the Italian army. She remembers is a desperate case when one the utter collapse of Italy' during has to run the risk of losing the War, when the Italian umy yet another important member fled in panic after the Battle of who has been, untrue to her Caporetto. She remembers that pledge, but the case would be even the moribund Austrian Em more desperate still if the pire could always account with League collapsed altogether. ease for Italy and, though Musso- Mr. Baldwin spoke of the lini has undoubtedly increased whole perspective of Europe as Italy's military strength at the

having been changed by the re- expense, perhaps, of her industrial arming of Germany. That and financial position Germany is makes it Britam's foremost in- not prepared to risk ranch for the terest to see that the European doubtful asset of a military alliance peace is preserved, and the best with Italy.

hope of its achievement lies First and foremost, however, is through collective security, in the Austrian question Italy is the League.Now that the running", Austria at the moment, peace has been temporarily and wishes to go cu, doing so. principle offers Germany warts to “run” Austria. ercising And this is a point. over which

That they can never agree.

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Great

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