1931-04-14 — Page 4

THE

CHINA MAIL.

TUESDAY, APRIL 14, 1931.

LLOYD TRIESTINO

NAV. CO.

EXPRESS MAIL PASSENGER SERVICE. For Brindisi, Venice, & Trieste und London (Overland) vin Singapore, Colombo, Bombay, Aden, Suez and Port Said..

NEXT SAILING

S.S. "PILSNA" S.S. "CRACOVIA”

N

:

19th APRIL .17th MAY

FOR.

FREIGHT & PASSAGES APPLY TO DODWELL & CO., LTD. Queen's Bldg.

YKLIN

Tel. 28021.

E

NOBIS TUTUS IBIS. NAVIGATORS AND THE ROYAL NAVY.

Shipping

Intelligence.

But there is another side of the navigator's work in his own professional subject. There are still parts of the world where only very approximate surveys have been carried out, there are countless coasts of which the shoala and

previously escaped his notice. When the alteration has been chart to examine it more closely duly carried out he went to the

and found the supposed dunger to have been a drop of cocon The first navigator of whom which a midshipman had thought- we have any record and in whumlessly spilt upon his chart. his (or possibly her) captain ap- parently placed implicit trust was the dove utilised by Noah to find land. Now many an unfortunate navigator of the present day en vies the unerring instinet of that bird. In this connection It is of interest to record that the carly Norsemen often used birds to act as guides when out of sight of land. An Icelandic historian, in giving an account of a voyage from the Shetlands to Icgland, states that the captain, before sailing, took on board a basket of crows. When he thought he had made a considerable part of the way one crow was released which flew astern thus indicating that the ship was nearer Shetland than Iceland. After some time a second crow was sent up, but this one returned to the vessel and thus showed that no land was in the vicinity. A little later on a third crow

was released which flew off ahead and, following the direction in which the bird had flown the ship arrived safely at

REDUCED THROUGH TICKETS TO EUROPE VIA USA, VARYING | her destination,

FROM £83 TO 1120 ON SALE

SAN FRANCISCO via Shunchas. Japan Ports & Honolulu.

CHICHIBU MARU

TATSUTA MARU

Wednesday, 29th April. Wednesday, 13th May. SEATTLE, VANCOUVER vìa Shanghai & Japan Ports,

HEIAN MARU

21st April. LONDON, MARSEILLES, ANTWERP, ROTTERDAM vin

Singapore. Penang, Colombo, Suez. HAKOZAKI MARU

Monday,

Thursday,

BOMBAY via Singapore. Penang. & Colombo.

SOUTH AMERICA (West Const) vin Japan, Honolulu,

Tuesday,

TERUKUNI MARŲ

Saturday, 18th April. Saturday,

2nd May.

SYDNEY & MELBOURNE via Munila & Ports.

KAMO MARU

Saturday,

26th April.

KITANO MANU

Saturday,

23rd May.

+ TOTTORI MARU

+ YAMAGATA MARU

27th April. 30th April.

Dos Angeles, Mexico and Panama, BOKUYO MARU

Wednesday,

22nd April.

NEW YORK, BOSTON via Panama.

TSUYAMA MARU

Saturday,

2nd May.

Friday,

15th May.

: CALCUTTA via Singapore, Penang & Rangoor.

↑ MURORAN MARU

Thursday,

AKITA MARU

Wednesday,

18th April. 20th April.

BHANGĦAL KOBE & YOKOHAMA.

HARUNA MARU

Friday,

†TSUSHIMA MARU

Monday,

17th April. 20th April. 20th April.

LIVERPOOL via Port Said, Stambaul (Constantinople), Genoa.

TOYOOKA MARU

† CALCUTTA MARU (Moji direct) Monday,

+ Cargo only.

For further information apply to:-NIPPON YUSEN KAISHA.

(Private exebuunve to all departments i

Telephone 0291.

0.

Crude Instruments,

When one compares the rough and ready methods of the early explorers and the crude instru- ments they used with the modern

S.S. INDIA.

TO BE SCRAPPED AFTER SUCCESSFUL CAREER.

The scrapping of the Greek steamer, India, in Holland is one which is of particular interest to

generation which remembers the efforts made in the 'nineties to secure strength and economy in tramp steamers.

a

When Messrs. Ropner and Son built her in 1896 she was the

Was reefs have altered Yearby, and

the second since they were last charted, and steamer which they had built on so offer considerable danger to the trunk principle, designed to shipping; there are sharp rocks attain all the advantages of the that have escaped the surveyor's much-discussed turret deck with- As she lead, there are magnetic disturb out its disadvantages. ances hitherto undetected, which

had

a deadweight capacity of|

tons more than affected the compasses, there are roughly 300 new objects erected near the

steamer of similar dimensions. coast that, if fixed, would render but ordinary design, she helped navigation in the vicinity both to draw very favourable notice to the patent that had been taken safer and simpler, and there are many other amendments to be out by Mr. R. Ropner, jr. made to the existing charts that would be of mutual benefit to all seafarers. All these the naviga tor endeavours to remedy and forwards to the Hydrographie Office the results of all his obser- vations.

She had a gross tonnage of 2,639, triple-expansion engines, by Messrs. Blair and Co., giving]

speed of about 10 knots, and a deadweight capacity of 4,120. Mcasra. R. Ropner and Co., Ltd., were owners, and on the usual; tramping round she proved her- self both economical and efficient. from the end of 1916 until after The Government employed her the Armistice on various duties, her only real mishap being a cul- lision in the Bay of Biscay with Mumbru, which was subsequently the Spanish steamer Ramon found solely to blame. After the

An Impossibility. The hydrographic department of the Admiralty is looked upon as the foremost authority in the world on all matters connected with the delineation of the novi gable waters of the earth, but it. is nevertheless a manifest impos- one is sibility to have a surveying ser amazed at the marvellous results vice large enough to keep up-to-Armistice she was sold to the that they achieved; but it is un-date all the existing charts. deniable that a very strong mea

methods

gre

of navigation,

Bland Line, of Gibraltar, and she owners, who re-named her India.

re-sold in 1925 to Greek

COAL OIL EXPERIMENTS.

Admiralty Making Exhaustive Teats.

panied their more spectacular achievements. The problem that remained unsurmounted until only 150 years. agu centred on the determination of longitude. By means of the cross staff and astrolobe, senmen could deter. mine their latitude with reason. | able accuracy, but after a long voyage across the Atlantic their longitude might be in error to the extent of several hundreds of miles. Imagine under cover of night running blindly on to meet the lard, not knowing whether it is a hundred miles away or close jat hand! Not until an accurate timekeeper was produced in 1759 could the mariner guarantee his position at sen to within 30 miles. This timekeeper was produced by John Harrison, a Yorkshire carpenter, who thereby won the

Local Diplomacy. Admiralty award of £20,000 - to As a rule it is unnecessary for he presented to the first inventor H.M. ships to embark n pilot of a method of determining ship's when entering or leaving har longitude to within 30 miles. In bour. When they do so it is gen. 1761 this timekeeper was sent erally only to conform with local for an official trial in one of H.M. susceptibilities or as a matter of ships to Jamaica and back. When diplomacy. Even then the navi. the ship returned to Portsmouth gator's responsibility is not abro- after a five months' voyage, its gated, for it is his duty to watch total error

was only 1 min. the pilot carefully and report to 53 secs., corresponding to 18 geo-his captain if he considers the graphical miles. This chrono-pilot to be in any way inefficient. meter is preserved in Greenwich If the pilot runs the ship 27th Apr. Observatory, where it is still in aground, the navigator shares a

running order.

large proportion of the blame. Invidious situations have often arisen in this respect. The Vin- dictive placed herself alongside the mole at Zeebrugge after dark and with no shore lights to guide the navigator to whom the har- bour was unknown. When the ship returned to Dover a pilot had to be embarked to bring the hip into that well-known har bour in broad daylight.

To those unconnected with the

was of good fortune accom- naval service it is often a wonder why the British Admiralty should regard navigation na a specialist tramping, and immediately be- They have employed her branch, where in many other fore she went to the scrappers in services this is not the With the modern navigational from Alexandria to Avonmouth. case, Holland she had brought a cargo| appliances, they argue, it should not be difficult for any seaman to get in reasonable safety from one place to another. That may be so, but it is only a constant study of the subject and continual ex- perience that will enable him to do so with the maximum effi. It is to be noted that the plant. cicney. A Jack of all trades is of Low Temperature Carbonisa- master of none. Apart from this. tion, Ltd., in addition to produc- the navigator is an expert in all ing coalite" for household and subjects connected with naviga-industrial consumption, is closely tion, the most important of which associated with the oil from coal, is the handling of ships and development. squadrons in which he makes a special study, and is therefore the captain's right hand man.

K.

SAILINGS FROM HONG KONG SUBJECT TO ALTERATION.

Tues.,

LONDON, Hamburg, ROT-| London Maru

TERDAM & ANTWERP -

vio Singapore, Colombo.

Suoz & Port Said.

RIO DE JANEIRO, SANTOS Santos Maru

Mon.,

& BUENOS AIRES via

Saigon, Singapore, Colom

bo, Durban & Capetown.

BOMBAY via Singapore, Port Havre Maru

Swettenham & Colombo,

Borneo Maru

DURBAN, LOURENCO Mexico Maru

Thurs., Sun.,

Tuca

MARQUES, BEIRA, DAR-

ES-SALAAM, ZANZIBAR

& MOMBASA via Singa-

pore & Colombo.

MELBOURNE via

Manila, Melbourne Maru

Wed.,

Brisbane & Sydney.

CALCUTTA vla Singapore Himalaya Maru

Sat,

Belawan Dell & Rangoon

VICTORIA. SEATTLE,

TACOMA & VANCOUVER

via Japan Ports.

NEW YORK via Japan ports, Kwanto Maru

Wed.,

Los Angeles & Panama.

Call Direct at Boston,

Philadelphia & Baltimore.

JAPAN PÕRTS (Freight Ser- Nitto Maru

Wel.,

vice).

HAIPHONG via Holhow & Menado Maru

Pakhof (Fortnightly).

Thurs.

FIELUNG và swater l Hozan Maru

Sun.,

Amoy 13 p.m. every Sun- Canton Maru' day).

Sun.,

(Fortnightly),

TAKÃO via Swatow & Amoy

For further particulars please apply to:-

OSAKA SHOSEN KAISHA. Telephone 28061.

26th May

10th Apr. 19th Apr.

Element of Luck, Even now, with all the aids to Navigation discovered by man's 5th May scientific genius, the element of luck may play a considerable part in determining the success otherwise of "landfall" or

or

The crude coal oil produced in the process of carbonisation is passed through " distillation plant and produces a middle oil and a light oil, which are then sent on to the Killingholme re- finery on the Humber and refined into fuel oil and petrol.

It is this fuel oil which is now being used by the Admiralty ir their exhaustive tests at sea to demonstrate the practicability of using coul oil instead of importer foreign oil in the Navy. If suc- cessful, of which there appear to be some promise, it is difficult to exaggerate the importance of the development to the coal and shipping interests of Britain..

CONSIGNEES' NOTICE

Consignees of cargo ex 3.5. Bengloe are reminded to take de- livery of their goods which will be subject to rent after April 17.

voted itself almost entirely to the study and science of naviga-

tion.

6th May carrying the ship clear of some uncharted, or maybe charted, dunger. The sky might have 18th Apr.been overcast for days and so pre-

The Navigation School vented any astronomical observa-

at Here qualifying courses for tions, fog might have prevented Portsmouth has seen the rise officers specialising in navigation any axing from the land, un- and was itself the nucleus of all are carried out, and, on comple- 22nd Apr. known tidal streams might have that we now mean by naval edu- tion, these officers are generally carried the ship far from her cation. It was first built in 1729 sent to complete their training original course, and strong winds as an optional house of learning and gain experience as havigat 15th Apr. might have made the determina-and an alternative method by ing officers of sloops on foreign tion of leeway only very ap which a boy might enter the stations. After three years' ser- 16th Apr. proximate.

Royal Navy. In it, we are told, vice they return to the Naviga- 10th Apr.

Every time one of H.M. ships mathematics, French, drawing, tion School for six weeks to re 20th Apr.

for first-class puts to sea the navigator, meta- fencing and dancing were taught, qualify

ships. phorically speaking, hangs his and the building went by the After promotion to commander, brass hat on the jack-staff, where name of the Royal Naval Aca- some navigating officers revert it balances precariously and from demy, but in 1806 it petered out to general service, but a propor- which any error of judgment or due to its scheme of instruction tion retain the (N) for service in inaccuracy may easily dislodge it. being optional and irregular. flagships.

· HONG KONG BENEVOLENT SOCIETY.

JUMBLE SALE

MAY 5th, 2 P.M.

CITY HALL.

CLOTHING & HOUSEHOLD GOODS gratefully accepted at CITY HALL any MONDAY THURSDAY, between 10,30 and 11.30.

closed.

On his actions largely depend the Two years later, however, it In addition to the qualifying safety of the ship and the lives opened again as the Royal Naval course, instruction is given to of those on board, while he al- College, and in 1816 the School of Acting Sub-Lieutenants for their ways flirts with his own prospects Naval Architecture was incor- Pilotage course, Acting Mates, in the service to which he was porated in it. But in 1886 the Warrant Officers, R.N.V.R. Off- committed his career.

exponents of the idea that the cers and many others. Occasion- A True Story.

cockpit of a man-of-war was the ally, foreign officers are selected best school for; naval education by their governments to do the How easy in navigation is it to succeeded in having the building qualifying course, the most com- be inaccurate, how easy to lay a course off wrong, how easy even

plete training in navigation that to alter course on the chart and Introduction of Steam. can anywhere be obtained. Since

The introduction neglect to see that the alteration however, opened up a vista of in courses at the Navigation School of steam, 1909 foreigners who have taken has been made correctly by the finite possibilities, and infinite have included Norwegian, Dan- officer of the watch. The navi- gator gets into the habit of check naval requirements far above and ish. Greek, Turkish, Egyptian, ing and re-checking all his work beyond anything yet conceived. Chilean, Chinese and Esthonian and constantly examining the So, in 1839, the old college again officers.

In conclusion, navigation is took up its pioneering work as chart for some danger that might the precursor of Greenwich and the foundation, stons upon which have hitherto escaped his detec tion. There is the true story of the other technical schools, and the science of naval warfare has a squadron navigator, not so very of the Excellent. This state of turies, and so long as the Navy was comnianded by the captain been built throughout the cen long ago, suddenly altering the affairs continued until 1908, consists of vessels which move course of his squadron to avoid when the captain of the Excel on, above or below the water, it what he thought was a danger lent retired to Whale Island, and must continue to remain so. shown on the chart as lying three years later the building de G. 8. in The Navy. across their track, and which had

CANADIAN PACIFIC

QUICKEST TIME ACROSS THE PACIFIC.

AN ADDED

ATTRACTION

JAPAN

EMPRESS OF

&

EMPRESS OF CANADA will call at Honolulu during May, June and July making the voyage Hong Kong to. Victoria and Vancouver in 18 days. interchange al rangements have been made enabling passengers to stop at Honolulu and proceed to aither Victoria, Vancouver, San Francisco or Los Angeles.

Telephones

Passenger Freigh

20752

20042

WORLD'S GREATEST TRAVEL SYSTEM

BRITISH

WUCHOW LINE

You haven't been up the West River? Then let us tell you that you have in store one of the most Interesting trips you can possibly take,

APRIL SAILINGS,

DEPARTURE HOURS:

Hong Kong 5.30 p.m. Wuchow 2 p.m. 8.0. “TAI HING"

[1,088 tons--Capt. Trott.)

APRIL

SUN.

FRI.

19th 24th

THURS, 30th

5.9. "TAI MING” ...

The .. "Tai Ming" and [649, tona-Capt. W. H. Lawton.] "Tai Hing, after leaving Hong Kong, call at Samahui, Shiling. Takhing, Dosing and stup at Wu-

APRIL. THURS. 16th TUES. 28th WED. 22nd

chow. These steamers are admir. For information apply to-

ably suited to this service and SANG WO

you will enjoy the five-days' round trip immensely,

Co.,

Ltd.,

29, Connaught Road, West,

'Phone 20893.

POST OFFICE NOTICE.

INWARD MAILS

TUESDAYA APRIL 14.

Shanghai un' Swatow Hatavru

THURSDAY, APRIL 16.

„Szechuen .Tjibadak

.Kum Sang .Burdwan

.Haruna Maru

APRIL 17.

Calcutta and Straita Straits Europe via Negapatam (Letters and Papers,

London, March 19)

FRIDAY,

Japan and Shanghai Canada, U.S.A., Honolulu, Japan and Shang-

hai (Vancouver, B.C., March 28)

SATURDAY, APRIL 18. U.S.A., Honolulu, Japan and. Shanghai (San

Francisco, March 20)

MONDAY, APRIL 20. U.S.A., Honolulu, Japan and Shanghai (San

Francisco, March 24) U.S.A., Honolulu, Japan and Shanghai (San

Francisco, March 27)

OUTWARD MAILS

TUESDAY, APRIL 14.

Manila and Parcels only for Ger-

many vin Hamburg Amey ....

Samshul and Wachow Swatow and Amoy Swatow

WEDNESDAY, Straits, Coylon, India, Mauritius, E. & S. Africa, Egypt & Europe via Marsellles

KP.0. Registration ..Apr. 15, 9 a.m: Letters ...

..10 a.m. Japan..

Sandakan

Swatow and Foochow Balgon Arboy

.Hakozaki Maru

.Empress of Canada

.President Adams

Taiyo Maru

.President Grant

Oldenburg Kanchow Fook On Van Heutsz Yat Shing APRIL

3.30 p.m.

9.30 p.m.

4 p.m.

5 p.m.

6 p.m.

15.

Hector'

(Due Marseilles, May 13.) G.P.O. Registration .Apr. 16, 9.45 -6 m. Letters Kitano Maru Hin Sang Cheong Shing

Japara

..10.30 a.m. 9.80 a.m.

10 am.

10 am.

12.80 p.m. 3.80 p.m.

8.30 a.m. 8.30 p.m. 4.30 p.m.

Tsinan

THURSDAY Holhow, Fakhof & Haiphong. Shanghai

Turane

Amoy.

APRIL 16..

Menado Maru Kanchow Chung Kang Kum Sang APRIL

6 p.m.

17.

1 pm.

FRIDAY,

Swatow, Amoy And" Foochow .... Hai Ching Straits, Ceylon, India, Mauritius,

E. & S. Africa, Aden. Egypt & Europe via Marseilles

·K.P.0. Roglatration Apr. 17, 4.80 p.m. Letters

.Apr. 18, 9 a.m.

Amoy

Hakozaki

(Due Marseiller, May 18) G.r.o. Registration Apr. 18, 8.45 am. Letters

..9.30 am-7: Kum Sang 5 p.m.

*Superscribed. correspondence only.