1929-11-06 — Page 10

10

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History Of North-West Transportation

THE GOLDEN GATE

1

When Railways First Ran To 'Frisco

[By Dr. E. A. Bryan]

southern Idaho and on to the Col- umbia. The projected road was called the Oregon Short Line or 0. S. L... and was to diverge from the main line about 30 miles west of Green River at a point called Granger, following approximately the old main line of the Oregon Trail, crossing a low divide over to the waters of Bear Lake and Bear River, whose outlet js into Great Salt Lake, then over another low divide past the famous Soda Springs (once called the Bear Springs) on to down that long slender streams, the water tributary to the Snake, thence

Port Neuf, down which the Oregon Trail ran, and on past the place where Pocatello now stands. This canyon of the Port Neuf, followed

In so far as the westward flowing tide had its objective in the Pacific Northwest, it came as far as it could via the railroad. The policy of offering every facility to actual settlers to bring their stock and household goods by rail was adopted by the railways. Settlers looking toward Idaho, western Oregon or eastern Washington came first by the movers to Oregon and as far as Ogden or some other point in Utah or Nevada, disembark-region, is most strategic. If ever ed their stock and effects and went the rest of the way by waggon.

NORTH FROM SACRAMENTO

Settlers seeking the Willamette Valley or western Washington went on to the Golden Gate and thence

Harry Villard north by steamer to the Columbia Harry Villard was a well-educat- River or Puget Sound. Some'indeeded German who was a war corres- went northward from Sacramento or San Francisco up the Sacra- mento River Valley over the moun- tains to Oregon and Washington. The overland freight trains drawn by oxen or horses continued over- and from eligible points such as Ogden or other like points, as did also the stuge passenger, express and mail lines, all of them doing a constant and profitable business to the Northwest, both inland and out- ward bound.

then by the first railroad into the

wars should arise in this region, the little valley that leads down to Pocatello would be the key to the situation. If railway strikes ariso In the inland country, it is the key. The new project, the O, S. L., flied its location maps in 1879. Of bought the Oregon Steam Naviga- course, it built from the east west- tion Company.

ward. Running west from Pocatello across the high basaltic plains of southern Idaho, it Snake at the American Falls, kept crossed the

straight west across the most God forsaken stretch of broken basaltic sage-brush plains that the eye of man ever gazed upon, sent a branch directly north from Shoshone to catch the output of the rich mines near Hailey and Ketchum in the Sawtooth range, ran the main line on west, dropping down to the river level at Glenn's Ferry to avoid erossing a great bunch of yawn-i ing canyons which put down from the Sawtooth Mountains to the north, climbed up again onto the plateau and on west past what is now Mountain Home, Nampa and Caldwell, until the Snake was again encountered, crossed and re-crossed and on northward downstream until it reached Huntington, Ore., whore it met the O.-W. R. & N. end to end. Main Line Huntington was reached first and

pondent during our Civil War and later in Europe during the French- Prussian war. Chauce and native ability had given him important connections, both in America and Germany. The latter connection with German capitalists had brought him to the Oregon coast.

In 1876, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company wES formed and the afore-mentioned Oregon Steam Navigation Company was also the Oregon Steamship Com- pany plying between Portland and As the livestock industry develop- San Francisco and with railway ed, animals were driven on foot lines up the Willamette Valley. All from all points inland to the nearest combined to form the Oregon Rail- Jeligible point on the Union orway and Navigation Company.

Central Pacific and thence east,

A Great Scheme

Livestock.

The native horse, called the cayuse, In 1881 Villard became the pre- as produced in Oregon and Wash-sident of the Northern Pacific Rail- ington was larger and stronger than way and developed a great seheme the well known Texas bronchos, to complete the Oregon Railway This was due largely to the vastly better ranges of the Pacific North- west, though in part it was due to the infiltration of better blood from horses imported or brought by settlers from the East.

Horse Market

The thousands of horses from the Northwest shipped East were known as "Oregon" horses and for, a time commanded a fairly good market throughout the Mississippi Valley. For the time they formed a good outlet for the Northwest and a good revenue for the new trans- continental line.

Many Stolen

on

and Navigation Compray line up the first through train from the the south bank and on east to con- East to Portland, Ore., went nest with the Union Pacific. The through at the beginning of 1884. 'O.W.R. & N. was built to Wallula The two lines' passed into the con- and from Umatilla cast through trol of the Union Pacific and con- Pendleton over the Blue Mountains tinued so until the panic of 1893, past Meacham on the summit, down when the Union Pacific went into into the Grand Ronde Valley at the hands of receivers, likewise, La Grande, a region then quite well these branches. After E. H. Harri- settled with emigrants coming over man had gained control of the the Oregon Trail, on over the hills Union and Central Pacific ayateria which lie between the valley and about 1897, he also gained control the Powder River Valley, of these important roads and re- through Baker City and over the united them in the Union Pacific summit, dropping down to organization. These roads, like the the Burnt Timber River, al- main line, were rejuvenated-in the ways following close to the years that followed and have been The outlet for cattle was quite Oregon Trail, finally reach-great producers of traffic. The like that of horses. In many cases ing the Snake River where Hunt- 0. S. L virtually owns southern at the loading, points it would have ington. Oregon, now stands and Idaho so far as transportation is beon hard to determine the real where the railway shops are locat-concerned. It has no competition. ownership of the stock, for many ed. It reached this point in 1883. It gathered in the Utah Northern, of them were stolen, but about this The O. R. & N. also extended lines which had been built by Brigham the railway cared.nothing so long to Dayton, Waltsburg and Pomeroy, Young as a narrow gauge from as it got the freight. It had always crossed the Snake at Riparia and Salt Lake to Butte with a three-foot been the intention of the Union eventually extended its line through gauge and 35 pounds of steel to the Pacific to extend an arm of the road the Palouse country to Spokane and yard of rail. This road was built from the main line to the North- into the Coeur d'Alene mining dis- in 1877. The branch of the O. S. L. west to the mouth of the Columbia trict.

from Shoshone to Ketchum was built and on to Puget Sound. This, ob-

In 1883. The Twin Falls line was vious (and as it proved in the end,

built at a much later period. The most profitable) extension likewise

O. S. L. is a great system with many began at both the west and east

feeders and with great shops at enda, and as in the case of the

Pocatello, The O.-W. R. & N. is original lines, under separate com

likewise a great system serving a panies.

rich Interior region in three states.

Earlier I wrote of how at a very early period a considerable portion of the transportation of the North- west had been provided by river transportation for some 300 miles inland from the mouth of the Columbia.

Good Navigation

To begin with, for the first stretch of 100 miles up from the mouth of the Columbia to the mouth of its tributary, the Willamette, there was tide water and good navigation (except for the bar at the mouth) from the carliest day. Indeed, there was good water on up the Willamette to the falls at Oregon City, some 15 miles above Portland, and on up the Columbia from Vancouver to the Cascades. some 40 miles east of Vancouver. Another strip of 60 miles of good water from tho Cascades to The Dalles followed. From there, for the next 15 miles, the Colllo rapids obstructed navigation. Thence was good navigation to Wallula. The mouth of the Walla Walla river about 125 miles further eastward carrica traffic 800 miles inland to a starting point for all points in eastern Oregon and pouthern Idaho. Walla Walla, because of the mill- tary post, became the real starting point for all overland traffic east- ward. Of course, up-river traffic continued on up the Lolumbia and Snake to Lewiston and way points. Gold Rusht

I wrote before about the develop mont of Columbia River transporta- tion in the early day, especially in the period of the great placer gold rush from 1860 to 1870. I explain- ed how. the strategic points at thei Cascades and The Dallos had been seized upon for small portage rail. ways at the former point on the Washington side and at the latter. on the Oregon side, and how, out of this a monopoly was secured, and how the great Oregon Steam Navigation Company was thus de- veloped. There are many compllen- Hons which I cannot here relate connecting this earlier périod with the tin khen Heirs. Villard.

His Dream

Villard's dream of connecting this with the Northern Pacific and thus having complete command of the whole Pacific Northwest came true only partially or at least but temporarily.

The Union Pacific had held to its scheme of sending one arm through

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(Continued on Page 11)

Russian Impersonator Caught

WEDNESDAY, NOVEMBER 6, 1929.

WITH ALL THE PEP

of a Jazz Band.

All the Poise

of a

Drum Major

The Assurance

of a

Radio Announcer.

The Attention that

a Manipulator Caught Short in the Market

Gives the Ticker

The Perseverance and Optimism of an Ancient Pedant learning to Play Ping Pong

and the Pride with which a Bride Ties, Her New Hubby's

Tie.

THE STAFF

of the HONG KONG

DOLLAR DIRECTORY CO.

- are forging

ahead with the

NEW 1930 ISSUE

IIN

A Knock-out

Dollar's worth.

SEND IN YOUR INFORMATION NOW

To the

HONG KONG DOLLAR

DIRECTORY: COMPANY.

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This Directory is Printed and Publish- ed in the Colony, therefore the money is turned over in the Colony and re- mains in the Colony for the Colony's Good.

Working on the theory that the "bigger they are the harder they fall," George Catbo, a youthful Russian, either has a vivid imagination or has duped inany of the most prominent personages in the world. In his cell in a Los Angeles jail, he maintains that while be posed as Baron von Krupp of Germany and other notables he was entertained in turn by Henry Ford, Ambassador Herrick,

Henry Firestone and Douglas Fair- banke. Three times the United States authorities have chased Garbo out of the country for lack of

the well blown "bad uklaaport and thrée timas he has re-entered like

He claims that he started his various impersonations purely for fun and adventure, but as he has proâted. Biharially from them to some extent, the authorities do not share his wewpoint. In speaking of the prominent people he had duped, Garbo wald "Edison and Henry Firestone mare very nice to me but really Douglas Fairbanks la pre of the nicest man X hare sent visited.

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